Scopus
EXPORT DATE: 01 December 2025

Liu, D., Zhou, J., Sang, X., Tang, D., Zhang, S., Chen, Q.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Liu, Dunlong (56298155700); Zhou, Jing (60124529100); Sang, Xuejia (57191842697); Tang, Dan (35191134600); Zhang, Shaojie (35249906100); Chen, Qiao (7406333784)
56298155700; 60124529100; 57191842697; 35191134600; 35249906100; 7406333784
Machine learning-based identification of potential debris flow catchments in the Wenchuan earthquake region
(2025) Earth Science Informatics, 18 (4), art. no. 515, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s12145-025-01990-y
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-105017584481&doi=10.1007%2Fs12145-025-01990-y&partnerID=40&md5=dc1b868d1ae695db77e81f8cfebcf20e

AFFILIATIONS: College of Software Engineering, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Sichuan Province Engineering Technology Research Center of Support Software of Informatization Application, Chengdu, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chongqing, China
ABSTRACT: An early identification of catchments with potential for debris flow (debris flow catchments) is a fundamental step in the investigation and early warning of debris flow disasters. However, when identifying potential debris flow catchments at regional scales, certain methodological challenges exist, such as the subjective determination of drainage area thresholds during catchment delineation, the lack of systematic criteria for selecting negative samples (non-debris-flow catchments), and low model accuracy. To address these issues, we employ the river network density method to achieve a more reasonable delineation of catchment units compared to traditional methods. Additionally, a Self-Organizing Map (SOM) is employed to improve the identification of non-debris-flow catchments. Factors closely associated with debris flow formation related to topography, material sources, and climate are selected as input features. By leveraging the stacking ensemble method, which includes the Random Forest (RF), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), and Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithms, a model for identifying potential debris flow catchments is produced. To evaluate the performance of the model, the Wenchuan earthquake area in the northwestern Sichuan Basin was used, where potential debris flow catchments were extracted from the ensemble and compared with the results of individual logistic regression (logit), RF, KNN, SVM models. The comparison of Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves, Area Under the Curve (AUC), accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score reveals that the stacking ensemble model achieves values of 0.967, 0.918, 0.918, 0.895, and 0.906, respectively, all of which are higher than those for the individual models. The identification of potential debris flow catchments using this ensemble model can help to screen areas for the deployment of debris flow forecasting and early warning, thereby supporting disaster prevention and mitigation efforts. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Catchment identification; Debris flows; K-Nearest neighbors; Logistic regression; Random forest; Self-Organizing map; Stacking; Support vector machine; Wenchuan earthquake region
INDEX KEYWORDS: catchment; debris flow; machine learning; regression analysis; seismic zone; stacking; support vector machine; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Bertrand, Mélanie, Debris-flow susceptibility of upland catchments, Natural Hazards, 67, 2, pp. 497-511, (2013); 
Breiman, Leo, Random forests, Machine Learning, 45, 1, pp. 5-32, (2001); 
Cao, Juan, Multi-geohazards susceptibility mapping based on machine learning—a case study in Jiuzhaigou, China, Natural Hazards, 102, 3, pp. 851-871, (2020); 
Choi, Jaewon, Validation of an artificial neural network model for landslide susceptibility mapping, Environmental Earth Sciences, 60, 3, pp. 473-483, (2010); 
Cortes, Corinna, Support-Vector Networks, Machine Learning, 20, 3, pp. 273-297, (1995); 
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Guo, Pengning, Methods for Evaluating Debris Flow Susceptibility Based on OOD Generalization Verification and Deep Fully Connected Neural Networks, Gongcheng Kexue Yu Jishu/Advanced Engineering Sciences, 56, 4, pp. 182-193, (2024); 
Hanley, James Anthony H., The meaning and use of the area under a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, Radiology, 143, 1, pp. 29-36, (1982)
PUBLISHER: Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Xu, P., Liu, X., Li, L.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Xu, Peibin (56501136600); Liu, Xingguo (58866385200); Li, Lin (55570842600)
56501136600; 58866385200; 55570842600
Variabilities of ground motion in 2023 Mw 7.8 Pazarcık earthquake in Turkey and 2008 Mw 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake in China
(2025) Scientific Reports, 15 (1), art. no. 29929, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-14565-0
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-105013387348&doi=10.1038%2Fs41598-025-14565-0&partnerID=40&md5=aab2e5206fe8c3c96f6a0e93923cc128

AFFILIATIONS: School of Civil Engineering, Harbin University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
ABSTRACT: Both the 2023 M<inf>w</inf> 7.8 Pazarcık earthquake (strike-slip fault) in Turkey, and the 2008 M<inf>w</inf> 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake (reverse-slip fault) in China occurred on the Eurasian seismic belt, with comparable moment magnitudes. This study investigates the ground-motion characteristics of both earthquakes, using ground motion intensity measures (IMs), including peak ground accelerations (PGA), peak ground velocities (PGV), pseudospectral accelerations (PSAs) at T = 0.2–5.0 s, 5–95% significant duration, Arias intensity (I<inf>a</inf>) and Newmark displacement. The Pazarcık earthquake shows negative between-event residuals (δB<inf>e</inf>) at T < 0.2 s and positive δB<inf>e</inf> at T > 0.2 s, indicating source effects in BSSA14 model over- and under- prediction respectively. The Wenchuan earthquake, however, displays uniformly positive δB<inf>e</inf> (all T), revealing source effects underprediction. Larger δB<inf>e</inf> values were observed at long/intermediate period (T > 0.2 s) for Pazarcık earthquake, but smaller at short period (T < 0.2 s), compared with Wenchuan event. Such period-dependent differences of ground motions between the two events may be attributable to fault types and Fault slip distribution at depth. Within the structure natural frequency range (0.5–1.5 Hz) of the primary buildings in both earthquakes affected area, more recordings for Pazarcık earthquake exceeded PGA and PGV thresholds from Chinese intensity scale IX, implying that its ground motion has greater impact on structures damage. The Wenchuan earthquake exhibits larger Arias intensity and greater deviations from predicted models compared to the Pazarcık event, reflecting its ground motion richer high-frequency content. These differences in Arias intensity may be attributable to different fault types and stress drop (Δσ) between the two earthquakes. At similar distances, Wenchuan earthquake exhibits longer 5–95% significant duration than Pazarcık’s. The result may be attributed to their different fault styles, rupture directivity, and rupture mechanisms. Both earthquakes produced Newmark displacements values exceeding 2 cm at multiple sites, indicating significant landslide hazards in their respective affected regions. © The Author(s) 2025.
INDEX KEYWORDS: acceleration; article; controlled study; duration; earthquake; human; landslide; male; motion; prediction; radiotherapy software; velocity
REFERENCES: undefined; 
undefined; 
Bozkurt, E., Neotectonics of turkey–a synthesis, Geodinamica Acta, 14, 1-3, pp. 3-30, (2001); 
Zare, Mehdi A., Recent developments of the Middle East catalog, Journal of Seismology, 18, 4, pp. 749-772, (2014); 
Şeşetyan, Karin, The 2014 seismic hazard model of the Middle East: overview and results, Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 16, 8, pp. 3535-3566, (2018); 
Wang, Tao, Preliminary investigation of building damage in Hatay under February 6, 2023 Turkey earthquakes, Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, 22, 4, pp. 853-866, (2023); 
A Preliminary Report on the February 6 2023 Earthquakes in Turkiye, (2023); 
Temblor, (2024); 
Binici, Barış, Performance of RC buildings after Kahramanmaraş Earthquakes: lessons toward performance based design, Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, 22, 4, pp. 883-894, (2023); 
Journal of Remote Sensing, (2010)
PUBLISHER: Nature Research
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS; GREEN ACCEPTED OPEN ACCESS; GREEN OPEN ACCESS

Liu, Y., Lai, J., Liu, Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Liu, Yuan (59449310800); Lai, Jie (54786691600); Liu, Yun (55938797100)
59449310800; 54786691600; 55938797100
Research on the dynamic characteristics and disaster mechanism of anti-slide short pile-supported slopes
(2025) Scientific Reports, 15 (1), art. no. 13041, Cited 1 times.
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-89456-5
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-105003148544&doi=10.1038%2Fs41598-025-89456-5&partnerID=40&md5=11661ae8a2070ae62fa6e304f67bcde1

AFFILIATIONS: Xi'an Research Institute of High Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
ABSTRACT: The terrain in Southwest China is predominantly mountainous with many slopes requiring reinforcement. This region also experiences frequent rainfall and earthquakes, which can trigger landslides. Therefore, studies on slope reinforcement are crucial. In this study, we present a case study of a slope stabilization project along the Yunyang–Fengjie Expressway in Chongqing, focusing on the seismic performance of anti-slide short pile-supported slopes. By inputting the Wenchuan earthquake wave and gradually increasing the amplitude of the seismic wave, we examined the failure evolution process of an anti-slide short pile-supported slope. The experiments revealed that the failure mode of the slope comprised tensile and shear components, with tensile cracks occurring at the crest, and shear cracks developing in the remaining fractured sections. The anti-slide short piles effectively redirected the downward extension of shear cracks. As the seismic activity intensified, shear cracks propagated along the weak interlayer towards the toe of the slope. When the cracks approached the intersection of the anti-slide short piles and weak interlayer, they were impeded by the piles, altering their development path along the weak interlayer. This change caused the cracks to extend towards the top of the anti-slide piles, ultimately causing overall failure. The bending moment of the anti-slide piles under the seismic action primarily followed a parabolic shape, with the maximum value occurring near the weak interlayer. © The Author(s) 2025.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Bending moment; Failure evolution; Pile-supported slope; Seismic performance; Tensile and shear
INDEX KEYWORDS: article; disaster; earthquake; hemorrhoid; landslide; rain; seismicity
REFERENCES: Zhu, Baolong, Investigation of the dynamic response of h-type anti-slide pile based on shaking table test, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 182, (2024); 
Honggang, Wu, Seismic Optimization of High Cantilever Multianchor Pile Strengthening Soil Slopes against Earthquakes, Advances in Civil Engineering, 2021, (2021); 
Wei, Hong, The Cumulative Damage Evolution Law Of Multi-Anchor Circular Piles Reinforced Landslide Under Earthquake Action, Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 57, 8, pp. 6321-6336, (2024); 
Zhou, Depei, Seismic damage analysis of road slopes in Wenchuan earthquake, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 29, 3, pp. 565-576, (2010); 
Yang, Yun, Shaking table test on pre-stressed anchor cable anti-slide pile with an external anchor structure and a buffer spring, Zhendong yu Chongji/Journal of Vibration and Shock, 42, 18, pp. 295-303, (2023); 
Fa-You, A., Investigating the Effect of the Rock-Socketed Depth of the Hinged Cable-Anchored Pile on the Earthquake Response Characteristics of Supporting Structures, Advances in Civil Engineering, 2022, (2022); 
Jia, Yuyue, Slope stability analysis of coastal geotechnical structures under combined effects of earthquake and rainfall, Frontiers in Earth Science, 11, (2023); 
Ma, Ning, Examining dynamic soil pressures and the effectiveness of different pile structures inside reinforced slopes using shaking table tests, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 116, pp. 293-303, (2019); 
Pai, Lifang, Shaking table test for seismic optimization of soil slope reinforced by new EPS pile under earthquake, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 154, (2022); 
Zhang, Luming, Seismic behavior research and reinforcement effect evaluation of composite retaining structures with nuclear safety level anti-dip layered soft rock slope under strong earthquakes, Yantu Lixue/Rock and Soil Mechanics, 41, 5, pp. 1740-1749, (2020)
PUBLISHER: Nature Research
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS; GREEN ACCEPTED OPEN ACCESS; GREEN OPEN ACCESS

Wu, D., Liu, H., Zhang, J., Gao, Q., Ren, Z., Liu, X.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wu, Duohua (57219455798); Liu, Hongyuan (60119978600); Zhang, Jian (57205065120); Gao, Qiang (56294488400); Ren, Zhe (57191663203); Liu, Xing (60120136700)
57219455798; 60119978600; 57205065120; 56294488400; 57191663203; 60120136700
Seismic safety evaluation methods for layered rock slopes based on the critical displacement 基于临界位移的顺层岩质边坡地震安全评价方法
(2025) Zhendong yu Chongji/Journal of Vibration and Shock, 44 (22), pp. 327 - 334, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.13465/j.cnki.jvs.2025.22.034
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-105017427212&doi=10.13465%2Fj.cnki.jvs.2025.22.034&partnerID=40&md5=f7bef6d2c18d1ceba481d57512d45cb2

AFFILIATIONS: College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China; State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Ltd., Yantai, China
ABSTRACT: The earthquake-induced layered rock landslide is a common geological hazard, especially in mountainous and hilly areas. To evaluate the seismic stability of layered rock slopes, the Ganmofang landslide triggered by the "5. 12" Wenchuan earthquake was taken as the research object. The critical displacement of the slope was computed based on the strength reduction method in numerical simulation, and the effects of factors such as the slope angle, the slope height, the dip angle of joint surface, the cohesion and angle of internal friction of joint, and the seismic amplitude, frequency and duration on the critical displacement of the slope were analyzed. The results show that the critical displacement of the Ganmofang slope is about 4. 13 cm, which is related to the geometric characteristics and joint mechanical properties of the slope, but not to the amplitude, frequency, and duration of the seismic load. The sensitivity of each main factor to the critical displacement is in the following order; slope height > dip angle of joint > angle of internal friction of joint > cohesion of joint > slope angle. Moreover, from the deformation and failure characteristics of the slope, it is concluded that the sliding surface of the instable layered rock slope is usually the bedding plane closest to the slope toe and exposed on the slope surface. In addition, taking the ratio of critical displacement to permanent displacement as the safety factor can effectively evaluate the stability of layered rock slopes under seismic loads. The research results are of great significance for the prevention and control of secondary geological disasters caused by earthquakes in China and also for the seismic fortification of slopes in large-scale hydropower projects. © 2025 Chinese Vibration Engineering Society. All rights reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: critical displacement; layered rock slope; permanent displacement; safety evaluation method; seismic load
INDEX KEYWORDS: Adhesion; Convergence of numerical methods; Disaster prevention; Disasters; Earthquake engineering; Earthquakes; Geology; Landslides; Rocks; Amplitude-frequency; Angle of internal friction; Angle of joints; Critical displacement; Dip angle; Layered rock slopes; Permanent displacements; Safety evaluation methods; Seismic load; Slope angles; Safety factor
REFERENCES: Huang, Runqiu, Research on development and distribution rules of geohazards induced by Wenchuan earthquake on 12th May, 2008, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 27, 12, pp. 2585-2592, (2008); 
Jibson, Randall W., Methods for assessing the stability of slopes during earthquakes-A retrospective, Engineering Geology, 122, 1-2, pp. 43-50, (2011); 
Engineering Geology Berkeley Volume, (1950); 
Kontoe, Stavroula, An important pitfall of pseudo-static finite element analysis, Computers and Geotechnics, 48, pp. 41-50, (2013); 
Erzín, Yusuf, The use of neural networks for the prediction of the critical factor of safety of an artificial slope subjected to earthquake forces, Scientia Iranica, 19, 2, pp. 188-194, (2012); 
Ye, Hong, Pseudo-static force analysis of pressure-type cables based on Mindlin basic solution under earthquake, Zhendong yu Chongji/Journal of Vibration and Shock, 36, 2, pp. 221-228, (2017); 
Jiang, Xueliang, Upper bound analysis of horizontal yield acceleration for a side slope containing tunnel, Zhendong yu Chongji/Journal of Vibration and Shock, 38, 9, pp. 133-165, (2019); 
Nouri, Hamidreza, Evaluating the effects of the magnitude and amplification of pseudo-static acceleration on reinforced soil slopes and walls using the limit equilibrium Horizontal Slices Method, Geotextiles and Geomembranes, 26, 3, pp. 263-278, (2008); 
Liu, Jie, Stability analysis of Dagangshan dam abutment slope under earthquake based on pseudo-static method, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 28, 8, pp. 1562-1570, (2009); 
Seed, Harry Bolton, STABILITY OF EARTH AND ROCKFILL DAMS DURING EARTHQUAKES., pp. 239-269, (1973)
PUBLISHER: Chinese Vibration Engineering Society
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Yin, H., Zhou, W., Liu, R., Zhou, Y., Chen, M., Peng, Z.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Yin, Huaqiang (58171907700); Zhou, Wei (55484816800); Liu, Renwen (58971152900); Zhou, Yaping (24068277700); Chen, Ming (57199453005); Peng, Zhangqiang (58172102100)
58171907700; 55484816800; 58971152900; 24068277700; 57199453005; 58172102100
A multi-algorithm fusion approach for identifying post-earthquake rainfall-induced debris flow catchments
(2025) Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 84 (11), art. no. 491, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s10064-025-04495-6
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-105018916615&doi=10.1007%2Fs10064-025-04495-6&partnerID=40&md5=5f54c21356a754451d81a8e3bd144cd8

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Ltd,, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: Strong earthquakes can trigger large landslides, generating loose material that increases the long-term risk of debris flows. The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake caused widespread slope instability, making the region a globally significant area for debris flow research under rainfall influence. This study proposes a multi-algorithm fusion model for rapid and accurate post-earthquake debris flow hazard identification. We created a dataset of 931 catchments in the Wenchuan seismic area, covering 30 variables across seven categories related to debris flow susceptibility. Key drivers of debris flow activity were identified through multicollinearity analysis and feature importance ranking. Three models—Linear Discriminant Analysis, Logistic Regression, and Random Forest—were developed and assessed using confusion matrices and Partial Dependence Plots to integrate geoscientific understanding. The results show that peak ground acceleration, distance to main faults, mean monsoon rainfall, mean normalized difference vegetation index, and coseismic landslide area are the primary controls on post-Wenchuan debris flows. Among the models, Random Forest performed best, achieving an Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.96 and a Matthews Correlation Coefficient of 0.80, outperforming traditional methods by over 10% and 50%, respectively. This study demonstrates the potential of machine learning to improve both the accuracy and interpretability of debris flow prediction, moving beyond black box approaches. The findings provide a scientific basis for regional risk assessment and long-term disaster mitigation planning. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Catchment identification; Debris flow hazard prediction; Machine learning; Multi-algorithm fusion; Rainfall-induced debris flow
INDEX KEYWORDS: Catchments; Debris; Decision trees; Earthquake effects; Forecasting; Hazards; Landslides; Learning systems; Logistic regression; Machine learning; Rain; Random forests; Risk assessment; Runoff; Algorithm fusion; Catchment identification; Debris flow hazard prediction; Debris flow hazards; Debris flows; Hazard prediction; Machine-learning; Multi-algorithm fusion; Rainfall-induced; Rainfall-induced debris flow; Discriminant analysis; algorithm; debris flow; disaster management; earthquake trigger; machine learning; mitigation; risk assessment; Sichuan earthquake 2008; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Abancó, Clàudia, Critical rainfall conditions for the initiation of torrential flows. Results from the Rebaixader catchment (Central Pyrenees), Journal of Hydrology, 541, pp. 218-229, (2016); 
Abbas, Farkhanda, Optimizing Machine Learning Algorithms for Landslide Susceptibility Mapping along the Karakoram Highway, Gilgit Baltistan, Pakistan: A Comparative Study of Baseline, Bayesian, and Metaheuristic Hyperparameter Optimization Techniques, Sensors, 23, 15, (2023); 
Alqahtani, Faisal A., GIS digital mapping of flood hazard in Jeddah–Makkah region from morphometric analysis, Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 12, 6, (2019); 
Jahed Armaghani, Danial, A comparative study of ANN and ANFIS models for the prediction of cement-based mortar materials compressive strength, Neural Computing and Applications, 33, 9, pp. 4501-4532, (2021); 
Ashouri, Milad, Systematic approach to provide building occupants with feedback to reduce energy consumption, Energy, 194, (2020); 
Ashrafian, Ali, Mapping the strength of agro-ecological lightweight concrete containing oil palm by-product using artificial intelligence techniques, Structures, 48, pp. 1209-1229, (2023); 
Asteris, Panagiotis G., Soft computing-based estimation of ultimate axial load of rectangular concrete-filled steel tubes, Steel and Composite Structures, 39, 4, pp. 471-491, (2021); 
Asteris, Panagiotis G., Mapping and revealing the nature of masonry compressive strength using computational intelligence, Structures, 78, (2025); 
Ozgur Bayman, Emine Özgür, Multicollinearity in Logistic Regression Models, Anesthesia and Analgesia, 133, 2, pp. 362-365, (2021); 
Belkin, Mikhail, Reconciling modern machine-learning practice and the classical bias–variance trade-off, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 116, 32, pp. 15849-15854, (2019)
PUBLISHER: Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Jin, W., Zhang, G.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Jin, Wen (57208353895); Zhang, Guotao (57188966463)
57208353895; 57188966463
Controls on spatiotemporal heterogeneity and evolution of debris flows along a traffic corridor affected by the strong Wenchuan earthquake
(2025) Catena, 259, art. no. 109356, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.catena.2025.109356
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-105012598964&doi=10.1016%2Fj.catena.2025.109356&partnerID=40&md5=bf043a7c1aa412672cb50633e03bcf05

AFFILIATIONS: National Disaster Reduction Center of China, Ministry of Emergency Management, Beijing, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake produced numerous loose materials with serious impact on the occurrence of debris flow within the affected region, notably impeding the traffic safety transport and local economic recovery. Given its extended duration of earthquake aftermath and its significance as a traffic corridor, Wenchuan County was chosen as the primary study area for examining the evolution of spatiotemporal heterogeneity and determinants of post-earthquake debris flows. 166 debris flow events across 69 catchments in this region from 2008 to 2019 were compiled. Results revealed a marked surge in debris flow events, with pronounced spatial variations observed during different post-earthquake phases. Notably, the epicentre of these debris’ flows transitioned away from the earthquake's epicentre over time. According to the duration and frequency of debris flow activity, the evolution of debris flow was divided into five distinct types: two types with low loose material supply have entered the recovery stage of debris flow, and three types with high loose material supply and heavy precipitation are still in the unstable stage of debris flow activity. To ascertain the determining factors for these varying debris flow patterns, 11 parameters encompassing topography, earthquake effects, and loose material availability, were analysed using Geographical detectors. The proximity to the fault and the amount of precipitation was found to profoundly impact the evolution of different debris flow types, as evidenced by influence indicators of 0.4211 and 0.3725 respectively. Our findings could offer valuable theoretical implications for tailored post-earthquake debris flow mitigation strategies, thereby bolstering disaster preparedness. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Cluster analysis; Evolution; Geographical detectors; Post-earthquake debris flow; Spatiotemporal heterogeneity; Traffic corridor
INDEX KEYWORDS: cluster analysis; debris flow; disaster management; earthquake epicenter; Sichuan earthquake 2008; spatiotemporal analysis; transportation safety; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Applied Statistics for Environmental Science with R, (2020); 
Ameri, Alireza Arab, Spatial modelling of gully erosion in the Ardib River Watershed using three statistical-based techniques, Catena, 190, (2020); 
Basharat, Muhammad, Spatial distribution analysis of mass movements triggered by the 2005 Kashmir earthquake in the Northeast Himalayas of Pakistan, Geomorphology, 206, pp. 203-214, (2014); 
Beven, Keith J., A physically based, variable contributing area model of basin hydrology, Hydrological Sciences Bulletin, 24, 1, pp. 43-69, (1979); 
Cama, M., Improving transferability strategies for debris flow susceptibility assessmentApplication to the Saponara and Itala catchments (Messina, Italy), Geomorphology, 288, pp. 52-65, (2017); 
Chen, Huayong, Catastrophic debris flow triggered by a June 26, 2023 rainstorm suggests the debris flow is still active 15 years after the Wenchuan seismic, Landslides, 21, 8, pp. 1883-1897, (2024); 
Chen, Ming, Spatio-temporal mapping and long-term evolution of debris flow activity after a high magnitude earthquake, Catena, 236, (2024); 
Chen, Ming, The long-term evolution of landslide activity near the epicentral area of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China, Geomorphology, 367, (2020); 
Cui, Peng, Real-time observation of an active debris flow watershed in the Wenchuan Earthquake area, Geomorphology, 321, pp. 153-166, (2018); 
Dahlquist, Maxwell P., Initiation and Runout of Post-Seismic Debris Flows: Insights From the 2015 Gorkha Earthquake, Geophysical Research Letters, 46, 16, pp. 9658-9668, (2019)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; HYBRID GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Hu, X., Ju, N., Zhao, J., Feng, Q., Zhao, W., Huang, J., Xie, M.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Hu, Xiaolong (57220200805); Ju, Nengpan (8377755300); Zhao, Jianjun (55729962100); Feng, Qianqian (57204898016); Zhao, Weihua (55844694100); Huang, Jian (59997534100); Xie, Mingli (57216376851)
57220200805; 8377755300; 55729962100; 57204898016; 55844694100; 59997534100; 57216376851
Reservoir impoundment induced the revival of toppling paleo-landslide in the upper reaches of the Yellow River: a case of Darou landslide
(2025) Landslides, 22 (11), pp. 3743 - 3757, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s10346-025-02570-3
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-105010689463&doi=10.1007%2Fs10346-025-02570-3&partnerID=40&md5=8d0101559dba1c10c9bbe03b652ff95f

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; College of Environment and Civil Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: Analyzing the triggering mechanisms and evolution processes of reservoir-induced landslides is essential for assessing their stability and providing appropriate solutions for reservoir operators. This study focuses on the Darou (DR) landslide, which is a toppling paleo-landslide. We investigate the triggering mechanisms, deformation characteristics, and evolution of this landslide through detailed field investigations, borehole data, monitoring results, and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating. The findings indicate that the DR landslide is a multistage toppling failure that occurred in the late Pleistocene. Its evolution process consists of four main stages: epigenetic reformation, time-dependent deformation, progressive deformation, and sliding failure. Before the impoundment, the landslide was predominantly creeping, except for the significant deformation caused by the Wenchuan earthquake 2008. However, after the impoundment, a strong deformation response occurred on its surface and subsurface. The maximum displacement is approximately 2310 mm on the ground and 890 mm underground. Moreover, some significant displacements below the deep sliding zone were monitored at In01, In02, and In08, with displacements of 50, 40, and 100 mm, respectively. Through integrated analysis, it was found that this phenomenon was closely related to the toppling residues. The findings in this study could provide some help in the design of reinforcements and management for toppling landslides under similar geological settings. © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Deformation characteristics; Evolutionary process; Monitoring; Reservoir impoundment; Toppling paleo-landslide; Toppling residual
INDEX KEYWORDS: Earthquakes; Geochronology; Reservoirs (water); Data monitoring; Deformation Characteristics; Evolution process; Evolutionary process; Field investigation; Reservoir impoundment; Toppling paleo-landslide; Toppling residual; Triggering mechanism; Yellow river; Landslides; borehole; deformation mechanism; displacement; failure mechanism; ground motion; impoundment; landslide; luminescence dating; monitoring system; reservoir; toppling; trigger mechanism; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan; Yellow River
REFERENCES: Adhikary, Deepak P., A study of the mechanism of flexural toppling failure of rock slopes, Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 30, 2, pp. 75-93, (1997); 
Albano, Matteo, Multi-source data analysis to assess the past and present kinematics of the Pisciotta Deep-Seated Gravitational Slope Deformation (southern Italy), Remote Sensing of Environment, 296, (2023); 
Azañón, José Miguel, Late Quaternary large-scale rotational slides induced by river incision: The Arroyo de Gor area (Guadix basin, SE Spain), Geomorphology, 69, 1-4, pp. 152-168, (2005); 
Chigira, Masahiro, Development of deep-seated gravitational slope deformation on a shale dip-slope: Observations from high-quality drill cores, Tectonophysics, 605, pp. 104-113, (2013); 
Deng, Hui, Formation of the Siwanli ancient landslide in the Dadu River, China, Landslides, 14, 1, pp. 385-394, (2017); 
El Bedoui, Samyr, Deep-seated failure propagation in a fractured rock slope over 10,000 years: The La Clapière slope, the south-eastern French Alps, Geomorphology, 105, 3-4, pp. 232-238, (2009); 
Galadini, Fabrizio, Quaternary tectonics and large-scale gravitational deformations with evidence of rock-slide displacements in the Central Apennines (central Italy), Geomorphology, 82, 3-4, pp. 201-228, (2006); 
García-Delgado, Helbert, The San Eduardo Landslide (Eastern Cordillera of Colombia): Reactivation of a deep-seated gravitational slope deformation, Landslides, 17, 8, pp. 1951-1964, (2020); 
Giraud, André, Processes of slope failure in crystallophyllian formations, Engineering Geology, 29, 3, pp. 241-253, (1990); 
Glueer, Franziska, From Toppling to Sliding: Progressive Evolution of the Moosfluh Landslide, Switzerland, Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 124, 12, pp. 2899-2919, (2019)
PUBLISHER: Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Harvey, E.L., Hales, T.C., Horton, A.J., Francis, O.R., Yang, F., Liu, J., Fan, X.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Harvey, Erin L. (57217177385); Hales, Tristram Charles (9741921500); Horton, Alexander J. (57194219125); Francis, Oliver R. (26321063200); Yang, Fan (57200696169); Liu, Jie (57207463697); Fan, Xuanmei (12752112800)
57217177385; 9741921500; 57194219125; 26321063200; 57200696169; 57207463697; 12752112800
The hazard of large debris flows
(2025) Science Advances, 11 (43), art. no. eadz4625, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adz4625
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-105019731841&doi=10.1126%2Fsciadv.adz4625&partnerID=40&md5=af98e6134c50a9ce76be062755d87b6c

AFFILIATIONS: School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, South Glamorgan, Wales, United Kingdom; Faculty of Social Sciences & Health, Durham, County Durham, United Kingdom; Institute of Hazard, Durham University, Durham, County Durham, United Kingdom; Natural Resources Wales, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom; State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: Large (>106 cubic meters), highly mobile debris flows represent one of the deadliest yet least understood types of landslides on Earth. These flows often originate when smaller events entrain water and sediment along their channel. The conditions controlling when and where these flows bulk are not well understood, making their hazard unpredictable. Here, we examine this hazard by combining a unique inventory of debris flows from the Wenchuan earthquake with numerical modeling to constrain their magnitude and frequency. We show that large debris flows occur more frequently than expected, on the basis of magnitude-frequency relationships for all debris flows, when high volumes of sediment are deposited in channels. These findings are consistent with other large sediment-generating events globally, such as Mount St. Helens and Mount Pinatubo where multiple large debris flows were triggered following volcanic eruptions that produced several cubic kilometers of sediment. © 2025 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CC BY).
INDEX KEYWORDS: Earthquakes; Hazards; Sediments; Volcanoes; Condition; Debris flows; High volumes; In-channels; Mount St. Helens; Pinatubo; Volcanic eruptions; Wenchuan Earthquake; Debris; article; controlled study; earthquake; landslide; nonhuman; sediment; volcano; water
REFERENCES: Dowling, Casey A., Debris flows and their toll on human life: A global analysis of debris-flow fatalities from 1950 to 2011, Natural Hazards, 71, 1, pp. 203-227, (2014); 
Sepúlveda, Sergio Andrés, Recent catastrophic debris flows in Chile: Geological hazard, climatic relationships and human response, Quaternary International, 158, 1, pp. 83-95, (2006); 
Shugar, Dan H., A massive rock and ice avalanche caused the 2021 environmental effects, public safety, and issues associated with justice and rehabilitadisaster at Chamoli, Indian Himalaya tion (19, 20). On 7 February 2021, a massive rock and ice, Science, 373, 6552, pp. 300-306, (2021); 
Debris Flow Hazards and Related Phenomena, (2005); 
Debris Flow Hazards and Related Phenomena, (2005); 
Kean, Jason W., Inundation, flow dynamics, and damage in the 9 January 2018 Montecito debris-flow event, California, USA: Opportunities and challenges for post-wildfire risk assessment, Geosphere, 15, 4, pp. 1140-1163, (2019); 
Morell, Kristin D., Sediment Recruitment and Redistribution in Mountain Channel Networks by Post-Wildfire Debris Flows, Geophysical Research Letters, 48, 24, (2021); 
Yang, Fan, Catastrophic debris flows triggered by the 20 August 2019 rainfall, a decade since the Wenchuan earthquake, China, Landslides, 18, 9, pp. 3197-3212, (2021); 
Lancaster, Jeremy T., Observations and analyses of the 9 January 2018 debris-flow disaster, Santa Barbara County, California, Environmental and Engineering Geoscience, 27, 1, pp. 3-27, (2021); 
Snow and Ice Related Hazards Risks and Disasters, (2021)
PUBLISHER: American Association for the Advancement of Science
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS; GREEN ACCEPTED OPEN ACCESS; GREEN OPEN ACCESS

Chen, X., Guo, Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Chen, Xiangyu (59907910000); Guo, Yonggang (57216126526)
59907910000; 57216126526
Prediction of earthquake damage of reservoir dam based on RS-XGBoost
(2025) Natural Hazards, 121 (17), pp. 20489 - 20512, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11069-025-07648-8
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-105015556918&doi=10.1007%2Fs11069-025-07648-8&partnerID=40&md5=57cb4d19d4d20b311249c62d9f393b28

AFFILIATIONS: College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi City, Xizang, China
ABSTRACT: The destruction of hydraulic structures caused by earthquakes brings great risks to the society. It is of great significance to quickly predict the post-earthquake structural damage of reservoir dams for pre-disaster prevention and post-disaster rapid decision-making. In order to quickly and accurately predict the possible earthquake damage of dams, this paper collected 189 real earthquake damage data of reservoir dams in Tonghai earthquake in 1970 and Wenchuan earthquake in 2008, and selected 10 input parameters of earthquake intensity and dam structure as the main features, and the output results were the earthquake damage grades of cracks, leakage and landslides to construct samples. The sample is divided into 80% training set, 10% verification set and 10% test set, and the XGBoosting algorithm is optimized by four super-parameter optimization algorithms: random search, grid search, bayesian optimization and particle swarm optimization. The results show that the RS-XGBoosting model has high data adaptability and prediction accuracy. The training set determination coefficients R2 of the three earthquake damage phenomena are as high as 0.99, 0.98 and 0.92, and the verification set determination coefficients R2 are 0.93, 0.84 and 0.82. The model can provide a reference method for earthquake damage prediction of reservoir dams. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2025.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Earthquake damage prediction; Hyperparametric optimization; Reservoir dam; XGBoosting
INDEX KEYWORDS: algorithm; crack; earthquake damage; earthquake intensity; landslide; leakage; optimization; prediction; reservoir impoundment; Sichuan earthquake 2008; China; Sichuan; Tonghai; Wenchuan; Yunnan
REFERENCES: Lashgari, Ali, Displacement and damage analysis of earth dams during the 2023 Turkiye earthquake sequence, Earthquake Spectra, 40, 2, pp. 939-976, (2024); 
An, Jiwen, Area-Wide estimation of seismic building structural types in rural areas by using decision tree and local knowledge in combination, International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 60, (2021); 
Bergstra, James, Random search for hyper-parameter optimization, Journal of Machine Learning Research, 13, pp. 281-305, (2012); 
Bonyadi, Mohammad Reza, Particle swarm optimization for single objective continuous space problems: A review, Evolutionary Computation, 25, 1, pp. 1-54, (2017); 
Carrasco-López, Susana, Analysis of the Steelmaking Process via Data Mining and Pearson Correlation, Materials, 17, 11, (2024); 
Chen, Xiangyu, Seismic Hazard Loss Assessment of Reservoir Dams Based on Random Forest Algorithm, Natural Hazards Review, 26, 3, (2025); 
Chen, Guoxing, Seismic damage and behavior analysis of earth dams during the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Engineering Geology, 180, pp. 99-129, (2014); 
Seismic Damage to Small and Medium Sized Reservoirs in the Wenchuan Earthquake and the Database, (2014); 
Chen, Denghong, Seismic performance and failure modes of the Jin'anqiao concrete gravity dam based on incremental dynamic analysis, Engineering Failure Analysis, 100, pp. 227-244, (2019); 
Xgboost A Scalable Tree Boosting System, (2016)
PUBLISHER: Springer Science and Business Media B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wang, M.-X., Wang, G., Leung, A.Y.F., Li, D.-Q., Ma, S.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wang, Maoxin (57211681197); Wang, Gang (57195665257); Leung, Andy Y.F. (57190755476); Li, Dianqing (36548408400); Ma, Siyuan (57190214231)
57211681197; 57195665257; 57190755476; 36548408400; 57190214231
Flexible slope displacement models for probabilistic seismic landslide hazard assessment incorporating near-fault ground-motion velocity pulse and directionality
(2025) Engineering Geology, 357, art. no. 108313, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108313
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-105014940547&doi=10.1016%2Fj.enggeo.2025.108313&partnerID=40&md5=4da94c67262442b246e8986e70f5302e

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Engineering and Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Ground-motion characteristics and the dynamic response of slopes are important factors contributing to earthquake-induced landslides. In near-fault regions, seismic landslide displacement analyses are often simplified using Newmark rigid-block models and directionally-averaged displacement indices. Some prior studies developed near-fault slope displacement models for the strong-motion velocity-pulse direction. However, it remains unclear how ground-motion pulses and directionality affect the dynamic slope response in sliding displacement analyses. In this study, a probabilistic framework is presented for regional seismic landslide hazard assessment by incorporating near-fault ground-motion pulse and directionality effects. The framework generates slope displacement hazard curves through convolution of seismic hazard with flexible-slope displacement models, which are developed to statistically characterize the maximum (D<inf>100</inf>) and median (D<inf>50</inf>) slope displacements over horizontal orientations under near-fault pulse-like and non-pulse-like ground motions based on over 35 million nonlinear coupled sliding analyses. Pulse-like motions generally yield larger amplitude and stronger polarization of slope displacements than non-pulse-like motions. Strong-motion pulses and D<inf>100</inf> are likely to occur within ±45° of fault-normal direction, while slope displacements in the fault-normal direction or the strongest-pulse direction could be significantly (over 25 %) smaller than D<inf>100</inf>. The new displacement models reduce predction errors by more than 30 % compared with existing models. A hypothetical example and a real case of landslides triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake are used to illustrate the proposed framework. Compared with the traditional rigid-block analysis, an appropriate selection of D<inf>100</inf> and D<inf>50</inf> from the proposed flexible-slope models in regional analysis achieves better consistency with the observed landslide distribution. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Earthquake-induced landslide hazard; Flexible sliding mass; Ground motion directionality; Machine learning; Near-fault pulse-like ground motions; Slope displacement prediction
INDEX KEYWORDS: Dynamics; Earthquake effects; Fault slips; Hazards; Learning systems; Motion estimation; Regional planning; Displacement prediction; Earthquake-induced landslide hazard; Earthquake-induced landslides; Flexible sliding mass; Ground motion directionality; Ground-motion; Landslide hazard; Machine-learning; Near-fault; Near-fault pulse-like ground motion; Pulse-like ground motions; Sliding mass; Slope displacement prediction; Slope displacements; Landslides; displacement; dynamic response; ground motion; hazard assessment; landslide; seismic hazard; Sichuan earthquake 2008; slope; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Abrahamson, Norman A.Bolt, Summary of the ASK14 ground motion relation for active crustal regions, Earthquake Spectra, 30, 3, pp. 1025-1055, (2014); 
Ancheta, Timothy D., NGA-West2 database, Earthquake Spectra, 30, 3, pp. 989-1005, (2014); 
Boore, David M., Relations between some horizontal-component ground-motion intensity measures used in practice, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 107, 1, pp. 334-343, (2017); 
Boore, David M., NGA-West2 equations for predicting PGA, PGV, and 5% damped PSA for shallow crustal earthquakes, Earthquake Spectra, 30, 3, pp. 1057-1085, (2014); 
Bray, Jonathan D., Procedure for Estimating Shear-Induced Seismic Slope Displacement for Shallow Crustal Earthquakes, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering - ASCE, 145, 12, (2019); 
Bray, Jonathan D., Performance-based seismic assessment of slope systems, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 168, (2023); 
Bray, Jonathan D., Characterization of forward-directivity ground motions in the near-fault region, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 24, 11, pp. 815-828, (2004); 
Campbell, Kenneth W., NGA-West2 ground motion model for the average horizontal components of PGA, PGV, and 5% damped linear acceleration response spectra, Earthquake Spectra, 30, 3, pp. 1087-1114, (2014); 
Chen, Zhengwei, Comparison of empirically-based and physically-based analyses of coseismic landslides: A case study of the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 172, (2023); 
Chen, Zhengwei, A regional scale coseismic landslide analysis framework: Integrating physics-based simulation with flexible sliding analysis, Engineering Geology, 315, (2023)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Song, Y., Qi, M., Yang, J., Sun, H.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Song, Yuanyuan (59470695200); Qi, Meng (59470564800); Yang, Jiayi (59976017900); Sun, Hailong (55729328400)
59470695200; 59470564800; 59976017900; 55729328400
Long-term dynamics of plant community functional composition influenced by ecological filters interplay in post-earthquake slope revegetation
(2025) Restoration Ecology, 33 (7), art. no. e70128, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.1111/rec.70128
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-105009843049&doi=10.1111%2Frec.70128&partnerID=40&md5=e4a636c6353b0930cae2c0bc27127aef

AFFILIATIONS: Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Natural disturbances such as earthquakes can severely impact the degradation of the regional ecosystem. Investigating the driving factors behind community composition and functional diversity in post-earthquake slope revegetation holds significant potential for guiding ecological restoration efforts on slopes. This study conducted field experiments in the Wenchuan earthquake area of Sichuan, China, employing methods with a non-metric multidimensional scale and a linear mixed-effects model to assess how seed mix (biotic filters) and climate (abiotic filters) influence long-term changes in the functional composition of post-earthquake slope revegetation communities. The results indicate that: (1) Climate, seed mix, and age of restoration significantly affect slope community composition (p < 0.001). As restoration progresses, the influence of climate on community composition remains pronounced, while the community composition under different seed mixes tends to become more homogeneous. (2) Seed mix, climate, age of restoration, and their interactions collectively drive the functional traits of slope revegetation communities (p < 0.05). With succession, the specific leaf area and leaf nitrogen content decrease while leaf dry matter content and seed mass increase, indicating a shift toward more resource-conservative traits. (3) Functional richness (FRic), functional evenness (FEve), and functional dispersion (FDis) increase with restoration time, while functional divergence decreases. Climate, age of restoration, and their interaction significantly influence FRic, whereas age of restoration has a notable impact on FDis and FEve. These findings provide valuable insights for managers in selecting appropriate restoration strategies across different climates and contribute to the development of post-earthquake slope ecological restoration strategies. © 2025 Society for Ecological Restoration.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: climate; ecological filtering; functional diversity; functional traits; slope revegetation; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: community composition; long-term change; plant community; restoration ecology; revegetation; Sichuan earthquake 2008; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Baer, Sara G., Soil heterogeneity increases plant diversity after 20 years of manipulation during grassland restoration, Ecological Applications, 30, 1, (2020); 
Baker, Nathan Jay, Multidecadal changes in functional diversity lag behind the recovery of taxonomic diversity, Ecology and Evolution, 11, 23, pp. 17471-17484, (2021); 
Blonder, Benjamin Wong, Predicting and Prioritising Community Assembly: Learning Outcomes via Experiments, Ecology Letters, 27, 10, (2024); 
Brudvig, Lars A., The restoration of biodiversity: Where has research been and where does it need to go?, American Journal of Botany, 98, 3, pp. 549-558, (2011); 
Catano, Christopher P., Community assembly history alters relationships between biodiversity and ecosystem functions during restoration, Ecology, 104, 2, (2023); 
Craven, Dylan J., Multiple facets of biodiversity drive the diversity–stability relationship, Nature Ecology and Evolution, 2, 10, pp. 1579-1587, (2018); 
Cui, Peng, The Wenchuan Earthquake (May 12, 2008), Sichuan Province, China, and resulting geohazards, Natural Hazards, 56, 1, pp. 19-36, (2011); 
Cui, Peng, Destruction of vegetation due to geo-hazards and its environmental impacts in the Wenchuan earthquake areas, Ecological Engineering, 44, pp. 61-69, (2012); 
Czortek, Patryk, Long-term shifts in the functional diversity of abandoned wet meadows: Impacts of historical disturbance and successional pathways, Ecology and Evolution, 11, 21, pp. 15030-15046, (2021); 
Debouk, Haifa, Plant functional diversity, climate and grazer type regulate soil activity in natural grasslands, Agronomy, 10, 9, (2020)
PUBLISHER: John Wiley and Sons Inc
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Li, G.K., West, A.J., Jin, Z., Qiu, H., Zhang, F., Wang, J., Hammond, D.E., Densmore, A.L., Hilton, R.G., Dong, S., Atwood, A., Fischer, W.W., Lamb, M.P.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Li, Gen K. (57223190125); West, Alison Joshua (26538380300); Jin, Zhangdong (7403625767); Qiu, Hongrui (57198789724); Zhang, Fei (55195292000); Wang, Jin (58465079600); Hammond, Douglas E. (7202006685); Densmore, Alexander Logan (7004510678); Hilton, Robert G. (24385259400); Dong, Sijia (59968571500); Atwood, Abra (57329273200); Fischer, Woodward W. (9333803800); Lamb, Michael P. (8585141300)
57223190125; 26538380300; 7403625767; 57198789724; 55195292000; 58465079600; 7202006685; 7004510678; 24385259400; 59968571500; 57329273200; 9333803800; 8585141300
Large riverbed sediment flux sustained for a decade after an earthquake
(2025) Nature, 644 (8076), pp. 398 - 403, Cited 1 times.
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-025-09354-8
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-105013177064&doi=10.1038%2Fs41586-025-09354-8&partnerID=40&md5=73c3b4a6b1cd5ae8fdc673df90be00c4

AFFILIATIONS: University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States; Department of Earth Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, Pasadena, CA, United States; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Institute of Global Environmental Change, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Department of Geography, Chang'an University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; School of Geophysics and Geomatics, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China; The Institute for Advanced Study of Coastal Ecology, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China; Faculty of Social Sciences & Health, Durham, County Durham, United Kingdom; Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom; School of Sustainable Energy and Resources, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Woodwell Climate Research Center, Falmouth, MA, United States
ABSTRACT: Large earthquakes induce widespread landslides that fill river channels with sediment1,2, generating long-lasting fluvial hazards and reshaping mountain topography. However, riverine sediment fluxes after earthquakes remain poorly resolved, mostly because of a lack of data on bedload flux3,4. Here we construct a source-to-sink sediment budget following the 2008 M<inf>w</inf>7.9 (where M<inf>w</inf> is the moment magnitude) Wenchuan earthquake in the eastern Tibetan mountains. We measured sediment accumulation in a man-made reservoir downstream of the earthquake-affected region. Ten years after the earthquake, the Min Jiang River had exported about 9% of the sediment mass from earthquake-triggered landslides, with around 5.7 times increase in the total riverine sediment flux sustained over that time. Bedload flux increased by 27.4−15.6+14.6% times compared with pre-earthquake levels, making up 65−26+12% of the post-earthquake sediment export—a proportion much higher than typical of most mountainous rivers. At the current pace, the river system will remove most Wenchuan landslide debris over centennial timescales. However, future sediment export rates are likely to vary because of changes on hillslopes (for example, revegetation) and in hydrology, sediment characteristics and transport processes. Our findings demonstrate a decadal bedload-dominated sediment pulse driven by earthquake-triggered landslides, suggesting that increased vulnerability to cascading hazards such as aggradation and flooding could persist for decades in populated downstream regions after a large earthquake. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited 2025.
INDEX KEYWORDS: bedload; earthquake event; flooding; landslide; reservoir; river system; sediment budget; vulnerability; Article; bathymetry; dredging; earthquake; mobilization; mountain; nonhuman; porosity; riverbed sediment flux; sediment; sedimentation; topography; chemistry; China; river; Tibet; time factor; Min River [Sichuan]; Sichuan; Earthquakes; Geologic Sediments; Landslides; Rivers; Time Factors
REFERENCES: Keefer, David K., LANDSLIDES CAUSED BY EARTHQUAKES., Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 95, 4, pp. 406-421, (1984); 
Keefer, David K., Investigating landslides caused by earthquakes - A historical review, Surveys in Geophysics, 23, 6, pp. 473-510, (2002); 
Hovius, Niels, Prolonged seismically induced erosion and the mass balance of a large earthquake, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 304, 3-4, pp. 347-355, (2011); 
Yanites, Brian J., How rivers react to large earthquakes: Evidence from central Taiwan, Geology, 38, 7, pp. 639-642, (2010); 
Pearce, Andrew J., Effects of earthquake-induced landslides on sediment budget and transport over a 50-yr period., Geology, 14, 1, pp. 52-55, (1986); 
Fan, Xuanmei, Earthquake-Induced Chains of Geologic Hazards: Patterns, Mechanisms, and Impacts, Reviews of Geophysics, 57, 2, pp. 421-503, (2019); 
Dingle, H. Elizabeth, Abrasion-set limits on Himalayan gravel flux, Nature, 544, 7651, pp. 471-474, (2017); 
Chen, Chienyuan, Sedimentary impacts from landslides in the Tachia River Basin, Taiwan, Geomorphology, 105, 3-4, pp. 355-365, (2009); 
Densmore, Alexander Logan, Reply to 'Isostasy can't be ignored, Nature Geoscience, 5, 2, pp. 83-84, (2012); 
Emberson, Robert A., Chemical weathering in active mountain belts controlled by stochastic bedrock landsliding, Nature Geoscience, 9, 1, pp. 42-45, (2016)
PUBLISHER: Nature Research
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Lu, Z., Chen, Y., Wei, Y., Zhang, Y., Cheng, X.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Lu, Zhao (60076075200); Chen, Yu (56200332700); Wei, Yongming (35216412200); Zhang, Yufei (60076172900); Cheng, Xianfeng (57192105447)
60076075200; 56200332700; 35216412200; 60076172900; 57192105447
New Sampling Method for Landslide Susceptibility Evaluation with Consideration of Minimizing Potential Societal Losses
(2025) ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 14 (8), art. no. 309, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.3390/ijgi14080309
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-105014335813&doi=10.3390%2Fijgi14080309&partnerID=40&md5=30e798dfcf14f3d90d6da834cdfa6379

AFFILIATIONS: School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan Land and Resources Vocational College, Kunming, Yunnan, China; Aerospace Information Research Institute, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals, Beijing, Beijing, China; Engineering Center of Yunnan Education Department for Health Geological Survey & Evaluation, Kunming, China
ABSTRACT: In landslide susceptibility evaluation, scientific sampling minimizes potential societal losses and enhances the efficiency of disaster prevention and mitigation. However, traditional sampling methods, such as selecting landslide and non-landslide samples based on equal proportions or area proportions, overlook the different societal losses resulting from landslide omission and misreporting, and the potential societal losses faced by their evaluation results are often not minimized. Therefore, this study proposes a sampling method that takes potential societal losses into account and uses the Landslide Misjudgment Potential Societal Loss Evaluation Index (LMPSLEI) to quantify the total potential social losses in the area due to landslide omission and misreporting. The LMPSLEI is minimized by optimizing the sample ratio, thus minimizing the potential societal losses faced by the evaluation results and enhancing the scientific basis of disaster prevention and mitigation efforts. This study takes the Wenchuan earthquake area as the research region, selects 13 conditional factors and employs two models—Random Forest (RF) and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)—to conduct case studies. We derive the recommended sample ratio based on the formula, hypothesizing that the LMPSLEI will be minimized under this ratio. The results show that the sample ratio for LMPSLEI minimization in the RF model is similar to the recommended sample ratio, while the sample ratio for LMPSLEI minimization in the CNN model is slightly higher than the recommended sample ratio. The recommended sample ratio can achieve the minimum of LMPSLEI or reach a lower value under different societal losses weights of landslide omission/misreporting, and thus it can be used as a preliminary choice of sampling for landslide susceptibility evaluation considering the potential societal losses. © 2025 by the authors.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: landslide misreporting; landslide omission; landslide susceptibility evaluation; potential societal loss; sample ratio
REFERENCES: Donnini, Marco, Economic landslide susceptibility under a socio-economic perspective: an application to Umbria Region (Central Italy), Review of Regional Research, 40, 2, pp. 159-188, (2020); 
Dou, Jie, Application and Development Trend of Machine Learning in Landslide Intelligent Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, Diqiu Kexue - Zhongguo Dizhi Daxue Xuebao/Earth Science - Journal of China University of Geosciences, 48, 5, pp. 1657-1674, (2023); 
Huang, Yu, Review on landslide susceptibility mapping using support vector machines, Catena, 165, pp. 520-529, (2018); 
Xu, Chong, GIS-based landslide susceptibility assessment using analytical hierarchy process in wenchuan earthquake region, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 28, SUPPL. 2, pp. 3978-3985, (2009); 
Akgun, Aykut, Landslide susceptibility mapping for a landslide-prone area (Findikli, NE of Turkey) by likelihood-frequency ratio and weighted linear combination models, Environmental Geology, 54, 6, pp. 1127-1143, (2008); 
Merghadi, Abdelaziz, Machine learning methods for landslide susceptibility studies: A comparative overview of algorithm performance, Earth-Science Reviews, 207, (2020); 
Bai, Shibiao, GIS-based logistic regression for landslide susceptibility mapping of the Zhongxian segment in the Three Gorges area, China, Geomorphology, 115, 1-2, pp. 23-31, (2010); 
Tien Bui, D., Spatial prediction models for shallow landslide hazards: a comparative assessment of the efficacy of support vector machines, artificial neural networks, kernel logistic regression, and logistic model tree, Landslides, 13, 2, pp. 361-378, (2016); 
Chen, Wei, GIS-based landslide susceptibility evaluation using a novel hybrid integration approach of bivariate statistical based random forest method, Catena, 164, pp. 135-149, (2018); 
Mt Res, (2023)
PUBLISHER: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Zhu, L., Cui, S., Pei, X., Liu, L., Liang, Y., Luo, L.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhu, Ling (57210012612); Cui, Shenghua (56660242900); Pei, Xiangjun (14058672500); Liu, Leilei (57202822968); Liang, Yufei (57208153398); Luo, Luguang (57211367952)
57210012612; 56660242900; 14058672500; 57202822968; 57208153398; 57211367952
Dynamic response characteristics and initiation mechanism of weak-base anti-dip slopes: a case study of the Guantan landslide
(2025) Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 84 (8), art. no. 403, Cited 1 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s10064-025-04431-8
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-105011687356&doi=10.1007%2Fs10064-025-04431-8&partnerID=40&md5=1d85c2764f417f955239bfe0b8f37a24

AFFILIATIONS: Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; School of Earth Sciences and Spatial Information Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, China
ABSTRACT: The Guantan landslide, with an estimated volume of 4.68 × 106 m3, was one of the most catastrophic mass movements triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. The landslide deposit dammed the river, forming a barrier lake that posed severe threats to downstream populations and infrastructure. Unlike many earthquake-induced landslides, the Guantan landslide developed within an anti-dip slope structure underlain by a weak mudstone layer, drawing particular attention. However, the dynamic responses and failure mechanisms of such weak-base anti-dip slopes under seismic loading remain insufficiently understood. This study combines field investigations, shaking table experiments, and discrete element numerical simulations to examine the deformation and failure processes of the Guantan slope. Shaking table tests demonstrate that under seismic loading, peak rock pressure within the mudstone is significantly higher than in the adjacent dolomite, with the highest values near the slope surface. Numerical results reveal a four-stage failure process: compressive deformation of mudstone under gravity, seismic-induced cracking in mudstone and tensile–shear fracture development in dolomite, crack coalescence leading to a continuous slip surface, and rainfall infiltration and softening-induced failure. The study highlights that incompatible deformation amplifies tensile–compressive and shear stresses within the mudstone layer. A near-surface rocking effect causes transient stress concentration, promoting damage. These penetrating cracks accelerate rainfall infiltration and mudstone softening, ultimately destabilizing the slope. This integrated analysis enhances our understanding of the seismic failure mechanisms of anti-dip slopes with weak bases. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Guantan landslide; Incompatible deformation; Rainfall infiltration; Rocking effect; Weak-base anti-dip slopes
INDEX KEYWORDS: Cracks; Dynamic response; Earthquake engineering; Earthquakes; Fracture; Infiltration; Sedimentary rocks; Shear flow; Shear stress; Dynamic response characteristics; Failure process; Guantan landslide; Incompatible deformation; Initiation mechanism; Rainfall infiltration; Rocking effect; Seismic loadings; Weak basis; Weak-base anti-dip slope; Landslides; deformation mechanism; dynamic response; ground motion; infiltration; landslide; loading; slope failure; China
REFERENCES: Beyabanaki, S. Amir Reza, Applying disk-based discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA) to simulate Donghekou landslide triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake, Geomechanics and Geoengineering, 11, 3, pp. 177-188, (2016); 
Bońkowski, Piotr Adam, Engineering analysis of strong ground rocking and its effect on tall structures, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 116, pp. 358-370, (2019); 
Burchfiel, B. Clark, A geological and geophysical context for the Wenchuan earthquake of 12 May 2008, Sichuan, People's Republic of China, GSA Today, 18, 7, pp. 4-11, (2008); 
Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, (1991); 
Chen, Chi Chieh, Dynamic response of a physical anti-dip rock slope model revealed by shaking table tests, Engineering Geology, 277, (2020); 
Chigira, Masahiro, Landslides induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China, Geomorphology, 118, 3-4, pp. 225-238, (2010); 
Seismic Responses of Wake Interlayer and Initiation Mechanisms of Large Landslide During Strong Earthquake, (2017); 
Cui, Shenghua, Effects of geological and tectonic characteristics on the earthquake-triggered Daguangbao landslide, China, Landslides, 15, 4, pp. 649-667, (2018); 
Cui, Shenghua, Excess interstitial water pressure within sliding zone induced by strong seismic shaking: An initiation model of the Daguangbao landslide, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 39, 3, pp. 522-539, (2020); 
Cui, Shenghua, Geological and morphological study of the Daguangbao landslide triggered by the Ms. 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Geomorphology, 370, (2020)
PUBLISHER: Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Huo, J.-K., Wei, Z.-L., Wang, X.-J., Yang, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Huo, Jingkan (59932102100); Wei, Zhenlei (56997958800); Wang, Xiaojian (59932254300); Yang, Jie (59382998800)
59932102100; 56997958800; 59932254300; 59382998800
Statistical analysis of the relationship between catchment morphometric parameters and debris-flow-triggering rainfall intensity
(2025) Natural Hazards, 121 (14), pp. 16407 - 16430, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11069-025-07434-6
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-105007469110&doi=10.1007%2Fs11069-025-07434-6&partnerID=40&md5=f82e61859d75becbe2177c4f78ecbce6

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: The morphometric characteristics of a watershed play a crucial role in debris-flow initiation and provide key insights into the required triggering rainfall intensity. Despite this significance, limited research has examined how these topographic attributes influence rainfall thresholds. Focusing on the Wenchuan earthquake zone, this study employs statistical methods to analyze the relationship between watershed morphometry-including area, relief, relief ratio, channel gradient, and Melton index-and debris-flow triggering rainfall intensity. Results reveal that susceptible basins in this region exhibit greater areal extent and longitudinal dimensions compared to global counterparts, yet display lower Melton indices and gentler channel slopes. These findings imply that seismic activity modified debris-flow initiation conditions, as abundant loose material now requires reduced gravitational potential for mobilization. Watershed shape characteristics (catchment area) demonstrate a weak Gaussian correlation with triggering rainfall intensity, whereas slope-related features (channel gradient and Melton index) exhibit an inverse logarithmic relationship. Of all parameters analyzed, channel gradient and Melton index show the strongest association with triggering rainfall intensity. This research advances our comprehension of debris-flow triggering rainfall intensity and supports more accurate susceptibility evaluations in earthquake-affected regions. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2025.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flows; Morphometric parameters; Rainfall conditions; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: catchment; debris flow; morphometry; precipitation intensity; rainfall; Sichuan earthquake 2008; statistical analysis; watershed
REFERENCES: Bel, Coraline, Rainfall control of debris-flow triggering in the Réal Torrent, Southern French Prealps, Geomorphology, 291, pp. 17-32, (2017); 
Bernard, M., The Use of Rain Gauge Measurements and Radar Data for the Model-Based Prediction of Runoff-Generated Debris-Flow Occurrence in Early Warning Systems, Water Resources Research, 57, 3, (2021); 
Berti, Matteo, Experimental evidences and numerical modelling of debris flow initiated by channel runoff, Landslides, 2, 3, pp. 171-182, (2005); 
Berti, Matteo, Probabilistic rainfall thresholds for landslide occurrence using a Bayesian approach, Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 117, 4, (2012); 
Berti, Matteo, Physical Interpretation of Rainfall Thresholds or Runoff-Generated Debris Flows, Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 125, 6, (2020); 
Bertrand, Mélanie, Debris-flow susceptibility of upland catchments, Natural Hazards, 67, 2, pp. 497-511, (2013); 
Boreggio, Mauro, Evaluating the differences of gridding techniques for digital elevation models generation and their influence on the modeling of stony debris flows routing: A case study from rovina di cancia basin (North-eastern Italian alps), Frontiers in Earth Science, 6, (2018); 
Bovis, Michael J., The role of debris supply conditions in predicting debris flow activity, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 24, 11, pp. 1039-1054, (1999); 
Chang, Chiwen, Estimation of sediment volume of debris flow caused by extreme rainfall in Taiwan, Engineering Geology, 123, 1-2, pp. 83-90, (2011); 
Chen, Wenhong, Investigation of the relationship between gully-type debris flows and shallow landslides, Natural Hazards, 120, 3, pp. 2311-2331, (2024)
PUBLISHER: Springer Science and Business Media B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wang, W., Wang, W., Liu-Zeng, J., Godard, V., Zhang, J., Yang, J., Zheng, X., Wang, Z., Xie, K., Li, M.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wang, Wenxin (57205180652); Wang, Wei (59756879200); Liu-Zeng, Jing (55994333900); Godard, Vincent (8315760100); Zhang, Jinyu (57188731331); Yang, Jinglei (59548350900); Zheng, Xucong (59756523800); Wang, Zijun (58608067100); Xie, Kejia (25224381300); Li, Mohan (57777582800)
57205180652; 59756879200; 55994333900; 8315760100; 57188731331; 59548350900; 59756523800; 58608067100; 25224381300; 57777582800
Fifteen years observations of detrital 10Be after the Wenchuan earthquake: Insights into landslide sediment transport following a large-magnitude seismic event
(2025) Geomorphology, 482, art. no. 109771, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2025.109771
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-105003716507&doi=10.1016%2Fj.geomorph.2025.109771&partnerID=40&md5=c95c61b89556fe11b3a3da911d5d8ed1

AFFILIATIONS: School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China; Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing, China; European Centre for Research and Teaching in Environmental Geoscience (CEREGE), Aix-en-Provence, Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur, France; Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France; Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
ABSTRACT: Quantifying the removal process and retention time of co-seismic landslides is essential for understanding post-seismic erosion and the long-term topographic evolution within orogenic belts. The 2008 Mw7.9 Wenchuan earthquake, which triggered a significant amount of co-seismic landslides, provided a valuable opportunity to study sediment transport following a large-magnitude earthquake. By incorporating data from 2015, 2019, and 2022, we extended the published post-earthquake 10Be concentration datasets, creating a comprehensive 15-year time series of data. Our results offer a more complete record of 10Be concentrations after the earthquake. In the initial post-earthquake years, a substantial influx of landslide material into the river network resulted in a significant decrease in 10Be concentrations. During this period, the area density of river-connected landslide was the predominant factor influencing 10Be concentrations. Five years following the earthquake, 10Be concentrations in the studied basins reached a minimum and then rebounded, with vegetation restoration gradually becoming as a key factor in regulating the recovery of 10Be concentrations. The consolidation effect of vegetation restoration on loose sediments reduced the input of landslide material and accelerated the recovery of 10Be concentrations. Our results highlight significant variations in 10Be concentration recovery patterns and landslide material removal phases across different regions. By 2022, in basins with robust vegetation recovery, even those with high landslide density, detrital 10Be concentrations had nearly returned to pre-earthquake levels. This shift indicated a transition from transport-limited to supply-limited conditions for landslide sediment removal. Conversely, basins with high landslide density and inadequate vegetation recovery remain in a transport-limited phase, requiring more time for detrital 10Be concentrations to recover. Through our long-time observations, we offer new insights into the evolution of fluvial sediment 10Be concentration and the removal process of landslide material post-earthquake, providing valuable implications for studying similar seismic conditions. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Co-seismic landslide; Detrital 10Be; Longmen Shan; Vegetation restoration; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: beryllium; detrital deposit; earthquake magnitude; erosion; landslide; sediment transport; Sichuan earthquake 2008; China; Longmen Mountains
REFERENCES: Arnold, Maurice, The French accelerator mass spectrometry facility ASTER: Improved performance and developments, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 268, 11-12, pp. 1954-1959, (2010); 
Burchfiel, B. Clark, Tectonics of the Longmen Shan and Adjacent Regions, Central China, International Geology Review, 37, 8, pp. 661-735, (1995); 
Campforts, Benjamin, HyLands 1.0: A hybrid landscape evolution model to simulate the impact of landslides and landslide-derived sediment on landscape evolution, Geoscientific Model Development, 13, 9, pp. 3863-3886, (2020); 
Chen, Ming, Changes of surface recovery at coseismic landslides and their driving factors in the Wenchuan earthquake-affected area, Catena, 210, (2022); 
Chen, Ming, The long-term evolution of landslide activity near the epicentral area of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China, Geomorphology, 367, (2020); 
undefined, (2016); 
undefined, (1996); 
Clark, Marin Kristen, Topographic ooze: Building the eastern margin of Tibet by lower crustal flow, Geology, 28, 8, pp. 703-706, (2000); 
Croissant, Thomas, Seismic cycles, earthquakes, landslides and sediment fluxes: Linking tectonics to surface processes using a reduced-complexity model, Geomorphology, 339, pp. 87-103, (2019); 
Cui, Peng, Destruction of vegetation due to geo-hazards and its environmental impacts in the Wenchuan earthquake areas, Ecological Engineering, 44, pp. 61-69, (2012)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Ding, J., Wang, X.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Ding, Jiawei (59772036000); Wang, Xiekang (8401481400)
59772036000; 8401481400
Landslide and Collapse Susceptibility Analysis in Wenchuan Earthquake-damaged Area Based on Ensemble Learning Methods 基于集成学习方法的汶川震损区崩塌滑坡易发性评价
(2025) Gongcheng Kexue Yu Jishu/Advanced Engineering Sciences, 57 (4), pp. 52 - 61, Cited 1 times.
DOI: 10.12454/j.jsuese.202400244
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-105011416930&doi=10.12454%2Fj.jsuese.202400244&partnerID=40&md5=5d005bcb20a718af19a8876a854e3b8c

AFFILIATIONS: Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Objective The 5·12 Wenchuan earthquake triggered extensive secondary geological disasters and cascading effects. Wenchuan County, which was severely impacted by the earthquake, exhibits widespread unstable slopes and areas prone to landslides and collapses. In mountainous regions, the occurrence of extreme rainfall events precipitates extensive landslides and collapses. The copious loose material produced constitutes a substantial sediment source, exacerbating the magnitude of flash flood disasters under the coupling effect of water and sediment movement, and particularly heightening the risk of debris flows and debris floods. Given these circumstances, it is imperative to develop assessment models for landslide and collapse susceptibility to facilitate early prevention of compound flash flood disasters in Wenchuan County. Conventional susceptibility assessment approaches often rely on expert experience and subjective judgment; alternatively, they encounter difficulties in adequately fitting high-dimensional complex data. As a result, the precise delineation of the actual spatial distribution of areas susceptible to landslides and collapses remains a formidable challenge. Recent advancements in data science and machine learning provide promising solutions. Two state-of-the-art ensemble learning algorithms, eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) and Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM), are introduced to formulate dependable models for appraising susceptibility to landslides and collapses within the confines of Wenchuan County. Methods A comprehensive evaluation of factors related to topography, geology, meteorology, and hydrology was conducted to select ten evaluative factors: Elevation, slope, aspect, terrain relief, distance to rivers, distance to faults, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), land cover type, average annual precipitation, and lithology. Data preprocessing procedures were implemented to ensure the effectiveness and stability of model training. The data were standardized to mitigate the impact of differing scales among the dependent factors on the model. Factors displaying significant multicollinearity were identified and excluded using the Variance Inflation Factor (VIF), ensuring the independence of each feature in the analysis. In addition, the Information Gain Ratio (InGR) was utilized as a metric to evaluate the importance of each factor, facilitating the preliminary selection of explanatory variables. Then, two advanced ensemble learning algorithms (XGBoost and LightGBM) were applied alongside two traditional algorithms (logistic regression and random forest) to construct landslide and collapse susceptibility assessment models for Wenchuan County. Quantitative metrics, including accuracy, precision, recall, F<inf>1</inf> score, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, were employed to enable a comparative and evaluative analysis of the performance of each model. These models were then utilized to predict the probabilities of landslide and collapse occurrences across the designated study area. The natural breakpoint method was employed to demarcate susceptibility zones, resulting in the development of a map delineating areas vulnerable to landslides and collapses. Additional qualitative and quantitative analyses were performed on the resulting susceptibility maps, with particular attention given to the correspondence between predicted results and actual landslide and collapse events, evaluating the predictive reliability of the proposed models. Results and Discussions The results indicated that both ensemble learning models demonstrated superior classification prediction capabilities when compared to traditional models. XGBoost and LightGBM achieved accuracies of 0.903, surpassing random forest (0.900) and logistic regression (0.864). In terms of precision, LightGBM (0.887) slightly outperformed XGBoost (0.882), while both outperformed random forest (0.872) and logistic regression (0.802). The F<inf>1</inf> score metric placed XGBoost at the forefront with 0.899, closely followed by LightGBM (0.898) and random forest (0.897), while logistic regression yielded the lowest F<inf>1</inf> score (0.866). Evaluation of the area under the ROC curve (AUC) indicated that XGBoost and LightGBM achieved nearly identical high classification performance (0.904), outperforming random forest (0.902), with logistic regression trailing at the lowest AUC (0.869). The examination of the constructed susceptibility zoning maps, coupled with quantitative analysis of the area proportions attributed to each zone, disclosed disparities in the partitioning outcomes from the XGBoost and LightGBM models in comparison to those produced by logistic regression and random forest models. These disparities were primarily attributed to the divergent data processing strategies inherent to each algorithm. In an effort to substantiate the reliability of the models’predictions, the density of landslide and collapse points within each susceptibility zone was quantitatively scrutinized. XGBoost, LightGBM, and random forest models consistently reflected the general trend of increasing landslide and collapse point density with higher susceptibility levels, aligning with the typical pattern of disaster susceptibility. LightGBM performed best in identifying high and extremely high susceptibility areas, with landslide and collapse point density ratios of 1.844 and 3.079, respectively, the highest among all models evaluated. In contrast, logistic regression did not adhere to this increasing trend, presenting an anomalous ratio of 0.588 in zones of very low susceptibility, a figure surpassing that within zones of high susceptibility (0.528). This anomaly indicated the presence of prediction bias in the logistic regression model, potentially ascribable to the limitations of the logistic regression algorithm and the lack of representative data. Conclusions The predictive capabilities of the advanced ensemble learning models in assessing landslide and collapse susceptibility in Wenchuan County surpassed those of the two traditional models. These models outperformed the traditional approaches in terms of accuracy, precision, F<inf>1</inf> score, and area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic. LightGBM demonstrated higher precision, while XGBoost yielded superior results in the F<inf>1</inf> score. In terms of reliability, both ensemble learning models, particularly LightGBM, exhibited advantages in identifying high and very high susceptibility areas, reinforcing their superiority in landslide and collapse susceptibility assessment. The research findings provide a more accurate tool for evaluating landslide and collapse susceptibility in Wenchuan County and similar areas affected by earthquakes, supporting the development of disaster prevention and mitigation measures. Future research can involve more comprehensive data collection methods and investigate broader applications of ensemble learning models, improving the reliability and practical implementation of predictions in disaster management. © 2025 Sichuan University. All rights reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: collapse; flash flood disaster; landslide; machine learning; Wenchuan earthquake-damaged area
INDEX KEYWORDS: Adaptive boosting; Couplings; Debris; Decision making; Disaster prevention; Disasters; Earthquake effects; Floods; Forestry; Geology; Learning systems; Machine learning; Optimization; Rain; Sensitivity analysis; Vegetation; Collapse; Damaged area; Flash flood disaster; Flash-floods; Flood disaster; Gradient boosting; Light gradients; Machine-learning; Wenchuan Earthquake; Wenchuan earthquake-damaged area; Landslides
REFERENCES: Journal of Engineering Geology, (2010); 
Journal of Catastrophology, (2014); 
Wang, Xiekang, Research Framework and Anticipated Results of Flash Flood Disasters Under the Mutation of Sediment Supply, Gongcheng Kexue Yu Jishu/Advanced Engineering Sciences, 51, 4, pp. 1-10, (2019); 
Liu, Fuzhen, Evaluation of landslide susceptibility in Ningnan County based on fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, Journal of Natural Disasters, 30, 5, pp. 237-246, (2021); 
Lyu, Haimin, Assessment of geohazards and preventative countermeasures using AHP incorporated with GIS in Lanzhou, China, Sustainability (Switzerland), 10, 2, (2018); 
Yuan, Xinyue, A Comparative Analysis of Certainty Factor-Based Machine Learning Methods for Collapse and Landslide Susceptibility Mapping in Wenchuan County, China, Remote Sensing, 14, 14, (2022); 
Gnyawali, K. R., Mapping the susceptibility of rainfall and earthquake triggered landslides along China–Nepal highways, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 79, 2, pp. 587-601, (2020); 
Wu, Xueling, Landslide susceptibility prediction using GIS and PSO-SVM, Wuhan Daxue Xuebao (Xinxi Kexue Ban)/Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, 41, 5, pp. 665-671, (2016); 
Tian, Naiman, Performance Comparison of BP Artificial Neural Network and CART Decision Tree Model in Landslide Susceptibility Prediction, Journal of Geo-Information Science, 22, 12, pp. 2304-2316, (2020); 
Aditian, Aril, Comparison of GIS-based landslide susceptibility models using frequency ratio, logistic regression, and artificial neural network in a tertiary region of Ambon, Indonesia, Geomorphology, 318, pp. 101-111, (2018)
PUBLISHER: Sichuan University
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wang, D., Wang, T., Dong, J., Qi, S., Zhao, Y., Jing, M.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wang, Dubo (39262812600); Wang, Tanyu (59253937400); Dong, Jinyu (35723828000); Qi, Shengwen (55411952900); Zhao, Yawen (57824796600); Jing, Mao (58099277900)
39262812600; 59253937400; 35723828000; 55411952900; 57824796600; 58099277900
Shaking table model tests of the dynamic response of a homogeneous rock slope under strong earthquake conditions
(2025) Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 84 (7), art. no. 385, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s10064-025-04391-z
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-105009346409&doi=10.1007%2Fs10064-025-04391-z&partnerID=40&md5=575addc8ebfc71694dce0e3a821a93ba

AFFILIATIONS: College of Geosciences and Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: The dynamic stability of slopes is a prominent problem in China. The shaking table model test of a homogeneous slope was designed based on the Shazipo granite landslide caused by the 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake. The results show that the acceleration amplification factor of the slope increases significantly with increasing elevation and decreasing distance from the slope surface. The acceleration amplification factor of the slope under sine wave loading is higher than that under natural seismic wave loading, and the acceleration response of the Wolong wave is stronger than that of the El-Centro wave. With increasing seismic wave amplitude and frequency, the acceleration amplification factor of the slope first increases and then decreases. Under the loading of input waves with acceleration amplitudes of 0.3–0.6 g, the slope damping ratio continuously increases and the slope damage gradually accumulates. Under input wave loading with an acceleration amplitude of 0.7 g, the slope experiences sliding failure, the natural vibration frequency of the slope decreases obviously, and the damping ratio increases significantly. The failure modes of the homogeneous slope are as follows: small cracks appear at the shoulder and foot of the slope; cracks appear in the shallow surface and continue to develop and extend; cracks occur at the shoulder and increase in the slope body; and large-scale sliding failure occurs at the top of the slope. The experimental results can provide a theoretical basis and guidance for the dynamic protection of homogeneous rock slopes in strong earthquake areas. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Acceleration response laws; Deformation failure mode; Homogeneous rock slope; Seismic wave parameters; Shaking table model test; Slope damage
INDEX KEYWORDS: Acceleration; Amplification; Cracks; Damping; Earthquake effects; Failure (mechanical); Loading; Slope protection; Slope stability; Acceleration response; Acceleration response law; Deformation failure; Deformation failure mode; Homogeneous rock slope; Rock slope; Seismic wave parameter; Shaking table model test; Slope damage; Waves parameters; Seismic waves; acceleration; dynamic response; earthquake intensity; loading; rock mechanics; seismic wave; shaking table test; slope dynamics; strong motion; China
REFERENCES: Abe, Keita, Numerical study on dynamic behavior of slope models including weak layers from deformation to failure using material point method, Soils and Foundations, 57, 2, pp. 155-175, (2017); 
Aydan, Orner, Large rock slope failures induced by recent earthquakes, Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 49, 6, pp. 2503-2524, (2016); 
Aydan, Orner, Damage to Civil Engineering Structures by Oct. 8, 2005 Kashmir Earthquake and Recommendations for Recovery and Reconstruction, Journal of Disaster Research, 1, 3, pp. 435-443, (2006); 
Bou Nassif, Aline, The i-FSC proxy for predicting inter-event and spatial variation of topographic site effects, Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 23, 2, pp. 671-692, (2025); 
Chien, Yuchun, Immediate estimation of yield acceleration for shallow and deep failures in slope-stability analyses, International Journal of Geomechanics, 17, 7, (2017); 
Cui, Hongzhi, Limit state line-based seismic stability charts for homogeneous earth slopes, Computers and Geotechnics, 146, (2022); 
Deng, Zhiyun, Model test and numerical simulation on the dynamic stability of the bedding rock slope under frequent microseisms, Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, 19, 4, pp. 919-935, (2020); 
Dong, Jinyu, The large-scale shaking table test study of dynamic response and failure mode of bedding rock slope under earthquake, Yantu Lixue/Rock and Soil Mechanics, 32, 10, pp. 2977-2988, (2011); 
Dong, Jinyu, Dynamic response characteristics and instability criteria of a slope with a middle locked segment, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 150, (2021); 
Dong, Jinyu, Shaking Table Model Test to Determine Dynamic Response Characteristics and Failure Modes of Steep Bedding Rock Slope, Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 55, 6, pp. 3645-3658, (2022)
PUBLISHER: Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Chang, M., Dou, X., Luo, C., Su, Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Chang, Ming (36727157900); Dou, Xiangyang (57196153451); Luo, Chaopeng (57506715900); Su, Yongchao (59674725400)
36727157900; 57196153451; 57506715900; 59674725400
Multi-scenario simulations for quantitative assessment of debris flow chain hazards in southwestern China
(2025) Catena, 253, art. no. 108900, Cited 1 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.catena.2025.108900
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-86000358409&doi=10.1016%2Fj.catena.2025.108900&partnerID=40&md5=a4440aaa5a53b130deae542711047b15

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation – ITC, Enschede, Overijssel, Netherlands; Ltd., Guiyang, Guizhou, China; China Institute of Geo-Environmental Monitoring, Beijing, Beijing, China; MNR, Oasis, China
ABSTRACT: Following the catastrophic Wenchuan earthquake in 2008, debris flows have repeatedly obstructed rivers across China's southwestern mountainous regions, triggering numerous flood disasters and subsequent cascading effects. Ethnic minority villages in these areas are predominantly situated within alpine canyon zones highly susceptible to seismic activity, rendering them exceptionally vulnerable to flood disaster chains initiated by debris flows. This study focuses on Luobajie Gully in the southwest mountainous region as a case study to elucidate the chain hazard responses associated with debris flows and to highlight the critical importance of such research. Comprehensive field investigations provided essential data—including sediment depth, flow density, and velocity—for numerical simulations aimed at assessing potential hazards. Simulation results demonstrate that only debris flows triggered by a 100-year rainstorm event cause channel blockages in Luobajie Gully, leading to significant rises in river water levels due to dammed floodwaters. The resulting flooding reaches maximum water depths within the inundation zone of the accumulation fan, exerting the most substantial impact on adjacent industrial areas. A quantitative risk assessment of 100-year debris flow events was carried out to evaluate the potential hazards. This study analyzes in detail the movement process and potential hazards of the Luobajie Gully debris flow through detailed remote sensing image analysis, field investigation and numerical simulation, and emphasizes the necessity of taking effective preventive and control measures to reduce the associated risks. Since the Heishui River traverses the Wenchuan earthquake area, there are still several potential debris flow gullies, and potential debris flows may pose a non-negligible threat to the entire earthquake area. The model and theory presented in this paper can be effectively applied to the simulation and early warning of other potential debris flows in the earthquake area under similar circumstances, thus facilitating their wide application in flood risk management. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Blocking river; Chain hazard; Debris flow; Multiple scenarios simulation; Quantitative assessment
INDEX KEYWORDS: computer simulation; debris flow; disaster management; flood control; flooding; quantitative analysis; remote sensing; risk assessment; river water; Sichuan earthquake 2008; water level; China; Heishui River; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: undefined, (1980); 
Chang, Ming, Catastrophe process of outburst debris flow triggered by the landslide dam failure, Journal of Hydrology, 609, (2022); 
Chang, Ming, Patterns of rainfall-threshold for debris-flow occurrence in the Wenchuan seismic region, Southwest China, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 80, 3, pp. 2117-2130, (2021); 
Chang, Ming, Hazard assessment of debris flows in the Wenchuan earthquake-stricken area, South West China, Landslides, 14, 5, pp. 1783-1792, (2017); 
Chen, Huili, Assessing national exposure to and impact of glacial lake outburst floods considering uncertainty under data sparsity, Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 29, 3, pp. 733-752, (2025); 
Chen, Hongey, Recent rainfall-induced landslides and debris flow in northern Taiwan, Geomorphology, 77, 1-2, pp. 112-125, (2006); 
Chen, K. T., Early identification of river blocking induced by tributary debris flow based on dimensionless volume index, Landslides, 16, 12, pp. 2335-2352, (2019); 
undefined, (2018); 
Christen, Marc, RAMMS: Numerical simulation of dense snow avalanches in three-dimensional terrain, Cold Regions Science and Technology, 63, 1-2, pp. 1-14, (2010); 
Ding, Xingyu, Risk assessment of debris flow disaster in mountainous area of northern Yunnan province based on FLO-2D under the influence of extreme rainfall, Frontiers in Environmental Science, 11, (2023)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Xiong, J., Chen, H., Tang, C., Chen, M., Chen, J., Yang, T., Gong, L., Shi, Q., Zhang, X., Li, N., Li, M.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Xiong, Jiang (57217517892); Chen, Huayong (24385415200); Tang, Chuan (35932953300); Chen, Ming (57199453005); Chen, Jiangang (56013367200); Yang, Tao (58761034900); Gong, Lingfeng (57215612725); Shi, Qingyun (57217257328); Zhang, Xianzheng (57219298270); Li, Ning (57211181445); Li, Mingwei (57222871091)
57217517892; 24385415200; 35932953300; 57199453005; 56013367200; 58761034900; 57215612725; 57217257328; 57219298270; 57211181445; 57222871091
Temporal and spatial differentiation in the landslide sediment transfer potential in Wenchuan earthquake-impacted areas
(2025) Landslides, 22 (6), pp. 2117 - 2129, Cited 2 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s10346-025-02467-1
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85218815668&doi=10.1007%2Fs10346-025-02467-1&partnerID=40&md5=21ef16900f2982d1bd9372022e5f8648

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; China Geological Survey, Beijing, Beijing, China; Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; School of Emergency Management, Xihua University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration Langfang, Langfang, Hebei, China
ABSTRACT: In seismically disturbed regions, sufficient landslide sediments are continuously transported from hillslopes to channels and affect debris flow activity. Existing studies on the prolonged impact of the Wenchuan earthquake are primarily aimed at landslide activity, detailed analysis of differences in the change of landslide sediment transfer at a large scale is quite lacking in different regions. To fill this substantial knowledge gap, we selected three typical regions (Wenchuan region, Beichuan region, and Qingping region) to investigate the temporal and spatial evolution of landslide sediment transfer potential. In this study, a first-order indicator of the transport potential of landslide sediments on hillslopes was used to monitor the spatiotemporal changes in the transport potential of landslide sediment on hillslopes in three regions. The results suggest that the landslide sediment transfer potential in the hanging wall area of the Yingxiu–Beichuan fault zone was greater than that in other areas in the first 5 years of the Wenchuan earthquake, but the areas with higher landslide sediment transfer potential were mainly concentrated in the middle and upper reaches of each basin in recent years. The landslide sediment transfer potential gradually evolves from extreme and high level to moderate, slight, and low levels, and the decay rate of landslide sediment transfer potential is the fastest in Wenchuan regions, followed by Qingping region and Beichuan region. Generally, the landslide sediment transport potential in the Wenchuan, Qingping, and Beichuan regions may recover to pre-seismic levels by 2038, 2028, and 2025, respectively, without the impact of extreme rainfall. Importantly, the landslide sediment transfer potential in Wenchuan region was dominated by moderate and slight, which accounting for 78.33% of the Wenchuan region. However, the Qingping and Beichuan regions were dominated by slight and low landslide sediment transfer potential, which accounting for 94.21% and 82.78% of the region, respectively, in recent years. © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flow; Landslide sediment; Spatiotemporal evolution; Transport process; Wenchuan seismic
INDEX KEYWORDS: Earthquakes; Jurassic; Miocene; Sediment transport; Sedimentology; Debris flows; Hillslopes; Landslide sediment; Sediment transfers; Spatial differentiation; Spatiotemporal evolution; Temporal and spatial; Transport process; Wenchuan Earthquake; Wenchuan seismic; Landslides; debris flow; earthquake damage; landslide; sediment transport; seismic zone; spatiotemporal analysis; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Borselli, L., Prolegomena to sediment and flow connectivity in the landscape: A GIS and field numerical assessment, Catena, 75, 3, pp. 268-277, (2008); 
Campforts, Benjamin, HyLands 1.0: A hybrid landscape evolution model to simulate the impact of landslides and landslide-derived sediment on landscape evolution, Geoscientific Model Development, 13, 9, pp. 3863-3886, (2020); 
Cavalli, Marco, Geomorphometric assessment of spatial sediment connectivity in small Alpine catchments, Geomorphology, 188, pp. 31-41, (2013); 
Chen, Ming, The long-term evolution of landslide activity near the epicentral area of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China, Geomorphology, 367, (2020); 
Chen, Ming, Temporal and spatial differentiation in the surface recovery of post-seismic landslides in Wenchuan earthquake-affected areas, Ecological Informatics, 64, (2021); 
Chen, Ming, Spatio-temporal mapping and long-term evolution of debris flow activity after a high magnitude earthquake, Catena, 236, (2024); 
Chen, Ming, Identifying potential debris flow hazards after the 2022 Mw 6.8 luding earthquake in southwestern China, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 83, 6, (2024); 
Chen, Huayong, Catastrophic debris flow triggered by a June 26, 2023 rainstorm suggests the debris flow is still active 15 years after the Wenchuan seismic, Landslides, 21, 8, pp. 1883-1897, (2024); 
Croissant, Thomas, Seismic cycles, earthquakes, landslides and sediment fluxes: Linking tectonics to surface processes using a reduced-complexity model, Geomorphology, 339, pp. 87-103, (2019); 
Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011)
PUBLISHER: Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zhang, W., Wang, Z., Meng, M., Li, T., Guo, J., Sun, D., Qin, L., Xu, X., Shen, X.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhang, Wen (59883150300); Wang, Zelin (59938921100); Meng, Minghui (57196404189); Li, Tiantao (56637297500); Guo, Jian (55579979400); Sun, Dong (37119632100); Qin, Liang (59657937500); Xu, Xiaoya (59938921200); Shen, Xiaoyu (59939231700)
59883150300; 59938921100; 57196404189; 56637297500; 55579979400; 37119632100; 59657937500; 59938921200; 59939231700
Long-Term NDVI Trends and Vegetation Resilience in a Seismically Active Debris Flow Watershed: A Case Study from the Wenchuan Earthquake Zone
(2025) Sustainability (Switzerland), 17 (11), art. no. 5081, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.3390/su17115081
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-105007753427&doi=10.3390%2Fsu17115081&partnerID=40&md5=12da1df096313356c5f194801afa6e56

AFFILIATIONS: Technology Innovation Center for Risk Prevention and Mitigation of Geohazard, Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China; Institute of Exploration Technology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China; Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Sichuan Geological Environment Survey and Research Center, Chengdu, China; Department of Civil Engineering, Panzhihua University, Panzhihua, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Vegetation restoration in seismically active regions involves complex interactions between geological hazards and ecological processes. Understanding the spatiotemporal patterns of vegetation recovery is critical for assessing disaster evolution, evaluating mitigation effectiveness, and guiding ecological resilience planning. This study investigates post-earthquake vegetation dynamics in the Chutou Gully watershed, located in the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake zone, using NDVI data from 2000 to 2022. Results reveal a sharp decline in vegetation cover following the earthquake, followed by a steady recovery trend, with NDVI values projected to return to pre-earthquake levels by 2030. Degradation was concentrated in debris flow channels, while more stable adjacent slopes exhibited stronger recovery. Over time, the area of poorly restored vegetation significantly declined, indicating increased ecosystem resilience. The findings highlight the need for site-specific ecological restoration strategies tailored to localized recovery conditions. This study provides valuable insights for disaster mitigation agencies, ecological planners, and local governments working in mountainous hazard-prone regions, and contributes to the long-term sustainability of ecosystems in disaster-prone areas. © 2025 by the authors.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: geological hazards; NDVI; spatiotemporal dynamics; trend analysis; vegetation recovery
INDEX KEYWORDS: debris flow; hazard assessment; local government; long-term change; mitigation; NDVI; seismic data; Sichuan earthquake 2008; spatiotemporal analysis; trend analysis; vegetation cover; vegetation dynamics; watershed
REFERENCES: Xiao, Huan, Spatial-temporal pattern evolution and geological influence factors analysis of ecological vulnerability in Western Sichuan mountain region, Ecological Indicators, 155, (2023); 
Wang, Wei, Vulnerability assessment of disaster chains: A case study of rainstorm–landslide disaster chains in the Greater Bay Area, International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 119, (2025); 
Durlević, Uroš, Assessment of torrential flood and landslide susceptibility of terrain: Case study – mlava river basin (Serbia), Glasnik - Srpskog Geografskog Drustva, 101, 1, pp. 49-75, (2021); 
Zhang, Lili, Effects of changing spatial scale on debris-flow hazard assessment: A case study in the Dadu River basin, China, Science of the Total Environment, 954, (2024); 
Schovanec, Heather E., Development of improved semi-automated processing algorithms for the creation of rockfall databases, Remote Sensing, 13, 8, (2021); 
Zheng, Hao, Spatiotemporal changes of landslide susceptibility in response to rainfall and its future prediction — A case study of Sichuan Province, China, Ecological Informatics, 84, (2024); 
Zhang, Lin, Landslide susceptibility evaluation and determination of critical influencing factors in eastern Sichuan mountainous area, China, Ecological Indicators, 169, (2024); 
Cui, Peng, Destruction of vegetation due to geo-hazards and its environmental impacts in the Wenchuan earthquake areas, Ecological Engineering, 44, pp. 61-69, (2012); 
Zhang, Xianzheng, Dynamic susceptibility assessment of debris flow hazard after a strong earthquake, Wenchuan County, Sichuan, China, Landslides, 21, 8, pp. 1915-1928, (2024); 
Chang, Ming, Multi-scenario simulations for quantitative assessment of debris flow chain hazards in southwestern China, Catena, 253, (2025)
PUBLISHER: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Lei, X., Wang, X., Zhang, S., Yang, H., Wang, D., Wei, F.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Lei, Xiaohu (57447247700); Wang, Xiuying (59747612300); Zhang, Shaojie (35249906100); Yang, Hongjuan (55545920200); Wang, Defu (58182730900); Wei, Fangqiang (14033564100)
57447247700; 59747612300; 35249906100; 55545920200; 58182730900; 14033564100
Regional landslide identification using the slope unit containing deformation information
(2025) Natural Hazards, 121 (10), pp. 11885 - 11914, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11069-025-07265-5
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-105004923627&doi=10.1007%2Fs11069-025-07265-5&partnerID=40&md5=f49e5de1afe98f5385c68a7a3a828f3b

AFFILIATIONS: School of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, Chongqing, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chongqing, China; The Third Geoinformation Mapping Institute of Ministry of Natural Resource, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: Using Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) to identify potential landslides on a regional scale requires defining their boundary ranges and shape characteristics. However, InSAR data in grid form can only delineate the deformation area within a slope and cannot identify its boundary and geometric features. To address this issue, a morphological image analysis and homogeneous slope unit-based method was adopted to extract slope units. Using Geographic Information System spatial analysis technology, the slope unit (surface vector) and InSAR (raster data) datasets were superimposed (hereinafter referred to as SU_InSAR). This can delineate specific slope boundaries for InSAR data scattered on a regional scale, enhancing readability and yielding a slope unit which contains deformation information for the identification of potential landslides. SU_InSAR was used to identify potential landslides in Minjiang River basin in Aba Prefecture, Sichuan Province, China. The results derived from the new mapping unit were compared to those of a hydrological-mechanical model using the Receiver Operating Characteristic evaluation method. The comparison results showed that the accuracy of the SU_ InSAR-based model was 24.4% higher than that of the hydrologic-mechanical model, which is expected to improve landslide mitigation. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2025.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Identify potential landslides; InSAR; Landslide boundary; Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC); Slope unit; Wenchuan earthquake-stricken area, China
INDEX KEYWORDS: deformation; GIS; image analysis; landslide; radar interferometry; seismic zone; slope dynamics; synthetic aperture radar; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Ahmad, Amir, A k-mean clustering algorithm for mixed numeric and categorical data, Data and Knowledge Engineering, 63, 2, pp. 503-527, (2007); 
Alvioli, Massimiliano, Topography-driven satellite imagery analysis for landslide mapping, Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk, 9, 1, pp. 544-567, (2018); 
Ba, Qianqian, A comparison of slope units and grid cells as mapping units for landslide susceptibility assessment, Earth Science Informatics, 11, 3, pp. 373-388, (2018); 
Bayer, Benedikt, Using advanced InSAR techniques to monitor landslide deformations induced by tunneling in the Northern Apennines, Italy, Engineering Geology, 226, pp. 20-32, (2017); 
Bianchini, Silvia, Landslide HotSpot Mapping by means of Persistent Scatterer Interferometry, Environmental Earth Sciences, 67, 4, pp. 1155-1172, (2012); 
Carlà, Tommaso, Integration of ground-based radar and satellite InSAR data for the analysis of an unexpected slope failure in an open-pit mine, Engineering Geology, 235, pp. 39-52, (2018); 
Chen, Beibei, Land subsidence and its relation with groundwater aquifers in Beijing Plain of China, Science of the Total Environment, 735, (2020); 
Landslide Susceptibility Assessment Using Conditional Analysis and Rare Events Logistics Regression A Case Study in the Antrodoco Area Rieti Italy, (2016); 
Cigna, Francesca, How to assess landslide activity and intensity with Persistent Scatterer Interferometry (PSI): The PSI-based matrix approach, Landslides, 10, 3, pp. 267-283, (2013); 
Dai, Fuchu, Assessment of landslide susceptibility on the natural terrain of Lantau Island, Hong Kong, Environmental Geology, 40, 3, pp. 381-391, (2001)
PUBLISHER: Springer Science and Business Media B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Xiong, J., Chen, H., Tang, C., Zhao, W., Chen, M., Yang, T., Gong, L., Zhang, X., Shi, Q., Li, N., Chen, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Xiong, Jiang (57217517892); Chen, Huayong (24385415200); Tang, Chuan (35932953300); Zhao, Wanyu (23973928300); Chen, Ming (57199453005); Yang, Tao (58761034900); Gong, Lingfeng (57215612725); Zhang, Xianzheng (57219298270); Shi, Qingyun (57217257328); Li, Ning (57211181445); Chen, Jiangang (56013367200)
57217517892; 24385415200; 35932953300; 23973928300; 57199453005; 58761034900; 57215612725; 57219298270; 57217257328; 57211181445; 56013367200
Risk prediction of catastrophic debris flows against the background of material changes and human engineering activity in the Wenchuan earthquake disturbance area
(2025) Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 84 (5), art. no. 228, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s10064-025-04243-w
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-105002808332&doi=10.1007%2Fs10064-025-04243-w&partnerID=40&md5=5735b40259cc1008a50ceeaba47380bf

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; China Geological Survey, Beijing, Beijing, China; Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; School of Emergency Management, Xihua University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: The changes in landslide material and human engineering activities have often posed important impacts on debris flow risk. In this study, multi-period remote sensing images and unmanned aerial vehicle aerial images are used to monitor the prolonged variation in landslide materials transfer for debris flow initiation. Simultaneously the FLO- 2D model and vulnerable curve were used to detect the risk of debris flow in the later period (after 2023). After 15 years of the Wenchuan earthquake, the hillslope landslide materials delivery for debris flow initiation is limited. Impacted by the changes in solid materials, topography and human engineering activities, the risk of debris flow with a recurrence period of 10, and 20 years has been effectively reduced, but for the 50 and 100 years of recurrence period situation, the impact of human engineering activities and channel topography on debris flow risk is limited. For the 10, 20, 50 and 100 years of recurrence period situation, the buildings are at"extreme"and"high"risk was 0, 21, 38, and 115, respectively. Therefore, the monitoring and early warning is still an important measure to reduce economic losses and casualties in the later period. © The Author(s) 2025.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flow; Human engineering; Landslide material; Risk assessment; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Aerial photography; Human engineering; Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV); Aerial vehicle; Debris flows; Engineering activities; Landslide material; Material change; Multi-period; Remote sensing images; Risk predictions; Risks assessments; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes; channel morphology; debris flow; hillslope; landslide; prediction; remote sensing; risk assessment; Sichuan earthquake 2008; topographic effect; unmanned vehicle; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Baynes, Edwin R.C., Fluvial evacuation of landslide material from bedrock-confined channels under controlled experimental conditions, Geomorphology, 368, (2020); 
Carranza, Emmanuel John M., Predicting lahar-inundation zones: Case study in West Mount Pinatubo, Philippines, Natural Hazards, 37, 3, pp. 331-372, (2006); 
Cavalli, Marco, Geomorphometric assessment of spatial sediment connectivity in small Alpine catchments, Geomorphology, 188, pp. 31-41, (2013); 
Chang, Ming, Hazard assessment of a catastrophic mine waste debris flow of Hou Gully, Shimian, China, Engineering Geology, 275, (2020); 
Chen, Ming, The long-term evolution of landslide activity near the epicentral area of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China, Geomorphology, 367, (2020); 
Chen, Ming, Temporal and spatial differentiation in the surface recovery of post-seismic landslides in Wenchuan earthquake-affected areas, Ecological Informatics, 64, (2021); 
Chen, Ming, Quantitative assessment of physical fragility of buildings to the debris flow on 20 August 2019 in the Cutou gully, Wenchuan, southwestern China, Engineering Geology, 293, (2021); 
Chen, Yuechao, Research of impacts of the 2018 Hokkaido eastern Iburi earthquake on sediment transport in the Atsuma river basin using the SWAT model, Water (Switzerland), 13, 3, (2021); 
Chen, Ming, Changes of surface recovery at coseismic landslides and their driving factors in the Wenchuan earthquake-affected area, Catena, 210, (2022); 
Chen, Ming, Spatio-temporal mapping and long-term evolution of debris flow activity after a high magnitude earthquake, Catena, 236, (2024)
PUBLISHER: Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Huang, X., Song, D., Chen, Z., Xu, D., Wang, L.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Huang, Xiangrui (59546757700); Song, Danqing (57089597000); Chen, Zhuo (57213095979); Xu, Dakai (59125613800); Wang, Liang (59546757800)
59546757700; 57089597000; 57213095979; 59125613800; 59546757800
Dynamic process analysis of large-scale landslides triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake via the discrete element method
(2025) Natural Hazards, 121 (6), art. no. 100157, pp. 7683 - 7706, Cited 2 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11069-025-07114-5
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85217158998&doi=10.1007%2Fs11069-025-07114-5&partnerID=40&md5=6f23dd5831ac25f5cd1aa8949b8fe9a0

AFFILIATIONS: College of Civil Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, China; Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, China; School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building Science, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
ABSTRACT: This study utilized the discrete element method to simulate the dynamic processes of earthquake-induced landslides, aiming to explore the instability mechanisms, energy transformation, and movement characteristics of such landslides. By constructing a two-dimensional landslide model, typical landslides triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake were simulated, leading to the following key conclusions: (1) The landslide instability process can be divided into three consecutive stages: disintegration of slope materials (bond breakage), initiation and propagation of the slip surface from top to bottom, and coherent downslope movement of slope materials, followed by reorganization into a stable postfailure state. (2) Energy transformation and dissipation are critical factors in landslide dynamics, with frictional heat being the primary source of energy dissipation during the landslide process. (3) The evolution of kinetic energy over time shows initial stability, a gradual increase as the sliding mass moves downwards, and an eventual reduction to zero as the landslide ceases. The increase in heat corresponds to a decrease in kinetic energy, reflecting the mechanisms of energy transformation and dissipation during the landslide process. The results of this study demonstrate that the discrete element method has significant advantages in simulating complex geological phenomena, providing important insights for landslide prediction and disaster mitigation in earthquake-prone areas. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2025.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Dynamic process analysis; Large-scale landslides; MatDEM; Two-dimensional discrete element; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: disaster management; discrete element method; dynamic analysis; landslide; Sichuan earthquake 2008; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Chen, Zhuo, Numerical investigation of the recent Chenhecun landslide (Gansu, China) using the discrete element method, Natural Hazards, 105, 1, pp. 717-733, (2021); 
Chen, Xiaoli, Earthquake-triggered landslides in southwest China, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 12, 2, pp. 351-363, (2012); 
Chen, Xiaoli, Evaluation of factors controlling large earthquake-induced landslides by the Wenchuan earthquake, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 12, 12, pp. 3645-3657, (2012); 
Cui, Peng, The Wenchuan Earthquake (May 12, 2008), Sichuan Province, China, and resulting geohazards, Natural Hazards, 56, 1, pp. 19-36, (2011); 
Cui, Fangpeng, Dynamic response of the Daguangbao landslide triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake with a composite hypocenter, Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk, 12, 1, pp. 2170-2193, (2021); 
Cui, Yulong, Landslides Triggered by the 1970 Tonghai Ms 7.7 Earthquake and their Distribution Characteristics, IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 861, 5, (2021); 
Dai, Lanxin, Landslides and fluvial response to landsliding induced by the 1933 Diexi earthquake, Minjiang River, eastern Tibetan Plateau, Landslides, 18, 9, pp. 3011-3025, (2021); 
Han, Yanyan, A summary of seismic activities in and around China in 2021, Earthquake Research Advances, 2, 3, (2022); 
Han, Suyue, A new approach for landslide susceptibility assessments based on KDE-MDBN: A case study from mountainous regions impacted by the Wenchuan earthquake, China, Environmental Modelling and Software, 167, (2023); 
Yu, Houyun, Investigation on the dynamic rupture of the 1970 ms 7.7 Tonghai, Yunnan, China, earthquake on the Qujiang fault, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 110, 2, pp. 898-919, (2020)
PUBLISHER: Springer Science and Business Media B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Chen, M., Tang, C., Yang, Y., Xiong, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Chen, Ming (57199453005); Tang, Chuan (35932953300); Yang, Yu (59892315500); Xiong, Jiang (57217517892)
57199453005; 35932953300; 59892315500; 57217517892
Quantifying spatio-temporal changes in the ecological environment quality and their implications for surface mass movement after a high-magnitude earthquake
(2025) Global Ecology and Conservation, 58, art. no. e03454, Cited 6 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03454
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85215435183&doi=10.1016%2Fj.gecco.2025.e03454&partnerID=40&md5=cd009b2f337a2749d55592061c3a4218

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; School of Sciences, Xihua University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: The accurate detection and assessment of changes in the quality of the ecological environment is crucial under seismic disturbances for regional ecological environment recovery and protection. To ensure ecological safety and reduce the geo-ecological risks in the Wenchuan earthquake-affected areas, assessing the quality of the ecological environment and its underlying influencing factors is an important initiative. First, we developed the multi-temporal remote sensing ecological quality (RSEI) dataset spanning from 2007 to 2023 in the Wenchuan earthquake-affected area. Subsequently, we quantitatively assessed the spatio-temporal evolution of the ecosystem quality based on eight RSEI maps. Meanwhile, we examined the control of elevation, slope, aspect, and gully density on the spatiotemporal variation in RSEI. Finally, we explored the interactions between ecological quality and surface mass movement. We found that the average RSEI decreased from 0.80 before the earthquake to 0.47 after the earthquake, and increased to 0.66 after the 15-year recovery period, which indicates a gradual increase in the general ecological quality from 2008 to 2023. In 2023, 36.2 % of the area will still be below the good level of RSEI. Areas with higher elevations, steeper slopes, SE orientation or higher gully densities have lower ecological resilience. We also found that the susceptibility to surface mass movements such as debris flows and landslides was higher in catchments with poorer ecological quality. Generally, the RSEI oscillatory increasing trend was observed after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. If RSEI follows the fitted trend, ecological quality will recover to pre-earthquake levels in 2035. Our study will contribute important information and decision-making references for policymakers to carry out more targeted environmental protection, ecological recovery, and sustainable development efforts. © 2025 The Authors
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Controlling factor; Ecological quality; Spatio-temporal evolution; Surface mass movement; Wenchuan earthquake
REFERENCES: Boori, Mukesh Singh, Spatiotemporal ecological vulnerability analysis with statistical correlation based on satellite remote sensing in Samara, Russia, Journal of Environmental Management, 285, (2021); 
Chen, Yu, Active–Passive Remote Sensing Evaluation of Ecological Environment Quality in Juye Mining Area, China, Remote Sensing, 15, 24, (2023); 
Chen, Ming, Seismically induced hillslope disturbance, sediment connectivity and mass wasting: Insights from the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Geomorphology, 449, (2024); 
Chen, Ming, Changes of surface recovery at coseismic landslides and their driving factors in the Wenchuan earthquake-affected area, Catena, 210, (2022); 
Chen, Ming, Temporal and spatial differentiation in the surface recovery of post-seismic landslides in Wenchuan earthquake-affected areas, Ecological Informatics, 64, (2021); 
Chen, Ming, The long-term evolution of landslide activity near the epicentral area of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China, Geomorphology, 367, (2020); 
Chen, Ming, Spatio-temporal mapping and long-term evolution of debris flow activity after a high magnitude earthquake, Catena, 236, (2024); 
Chu, Hongshuai, NDVI-based vegetation dynamics and its response to climate changes at Amur-Heilongjiang River Basin from 1982 to 2015, Science of the Total Environment, 650, pp. 2051-2062, (2019); 
Cui, Peng, Destruction of vegetation due to geo-hazards and its environmental impacts in the Wenchuan earthquake areas, Ecological Engineering, 44, pp. 61-69, (2012); 
Geng, Jianwei, Analysis of Spatiotemporal Variation and Drivers of Ecological Quality in Fuzhou Based on RSEI, Remote Sensing, 14, 19, (2022)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Zhang, J., Zhang, Y., Dannenberg, M.P., Guo, Q., Atkins, J.W., Li, W., Sun, G.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhang, Jiehao (58033179500); Zhang, Yulong (51865191500); Dannenberg, Matthew P. (55894282100); Guo, Qinfeng (57203079951); Atkins, J. W. (56662779300); Li, Wenhong (36627352900); Sun, Ge (7402760408)
58033179500; 51865191500; 55894282100; 57203079951; 56662779300; 36627352900; 7402760408
Eco-hydrological recovery following large vegetation disturbances from a mega earthquake on the eastern Tibetan plateau
(2025) Journal of Hydrology, 651, art. no. 132595, Cited 4 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.132595
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85213535484&doi=10.1016%2Fj.jhydrol.2024.132595&partnerID=40&md5=b9e48d5287028237f0b527b23d11ade0

AFFILIATIONS: Wuhan Botanical Garden, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Department of Land Administration, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China; USDA Forest Service, Washington, D.C., United States; Division of Earth and Climate Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States; Department of Geographical and Sustainability Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States; Southern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Washington, D.C., United States
ABSTRACT: Catastrophic earthquakes induce significant, enduring vegetation disturbances through extensive landslides and geomorphological alterations. The post-earthquake vegetation recovery hinges on the disturbance severity, climatic variability, and strategic human intervention, yet understanding of these critical processes and their influences on eco-hydrological functions at the landscape level remains limited. This study aims to quantify the earthquake's impacts on vegetation structure and eco-hydrological functions and to elucidate the recovery mechanisms driven by climate variability and human efforts. We focused on the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake on China's eastern Tibetan plateau as a case study to investigate its influences on vegetation cover and eco-hydrological functions in gross primary productivity (GPP), evapotranspiration (ET) and water yield (WY) using remote sensing, spatial-resolved causal impact analysis, and ecohydrological modeling. We found that the earthquake caused widespread vegetation disturbances from 2008 to 2010, altering land cover over 12% of the study area, and reducing GPP and ET by 7.0% and 14.7%, respectively. During this period, the affected regions witnessed a larger variation in WY, primarily due to a decrease in ET. From 2010 to 2018, GPP and ET showed rapid recovery, driven by both climatic factors (accounting for 23%-56% of the recovery), and human intervention (contributing 30%-42% to the recovery). Though WY did not show a statistically significant trend, human intervention-induced ET change was responsible for 38.9% to the changes in WY during the recovery period. Nevertheless, by 2018, 45% of the affected area still had not returned to pre-earthquake levels, with recovered areas remaining below the projected non-earthquake levels, indicating the vulnerability of mountainous ecosystems in recovery. Our findings highlight the significant, long-lasting eco-hydrological impacts of a catastrophic earthquake and underscore the effectiveness of integrating natural regeneration with targeted human restoration efforts. These insights improve our understanding of ecological vulnerability and resilience following natural hazards, providing valuable guidance for future post-natural disaster restoration initiatives. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Casual impact analysis; Earthquake; Eco-hydrological modeling; Evapotranspiration; Gross primary productivity; Vegetation disturbance
INDEX KEYWORDS: Anthropogenic; Casual impact analyze; Catastrophic earthquake; Eastern Tibetan plateau; Eco-hydrological models; Gross primary productivity; Human intervention; Hydrological functions; Impact analysis; Vegetation disturbance; Water yield; Abiotic; earthquake; evapotranspiration; human activity; hydrological modeling; land cover; net primary production; restoration ecology; vegetation cover; vegetation structure; vulnerability; water yield; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Abatzoglou, John T., TerraClimate, a high-resolution global dataset of monthly climate and climatic water balance from 1958-2015, Scientific Data, 5, (2018); 
Ahmad, Samoon, Earthquake impact in a remote south asian population: Psychosocial factors and posttraumatic symptoms, Journal of Traumatic Stress, 23, 3, pp. 408-412, (2010); 
Allen, Robert B., Tree survival and growth responses in the aftermath of a strong earthquake, Journal of Ecology, 108, 1, pp. 107-121, (2020); 
Bull Chin Acad Sci Chin, (2008); 
Bao, Weikai, Ecological degradation in the Wenchuan Earthquake seriously affected region in Sichuan, China, Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology, 14, 4, pp. 441-444, (2008); 
Brodersen, Kay Henning, Inferring causal impact using bayesian structural time-series models, Annals of Applied Statistics, 9, 1, pp. 247-274, (2015); 
Chen, Ming, Temporal and spatial differentiation in the surface recovery of post-seismic landslides in Wenchuan earthquake-affected areas, Ecological Informatics, 64, (2021); 
Chen, Ming, Changes of surface recovery at coseismic landslides and their driving factors in the Wenchuan earthquake-affected area, Catena, 210, (2022); 
Current Landscape Ecology Reports, (2020); 
Cui, Peng, Destruction of vegetation due to geo-hazards and its environmental impacts in the Wenchuan earthquake areas, Ecological Engineering, 44, pp. 61-69, (2012)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Xiong, J., Chen, H., Tang, C., Tang, C., Gong, L., Chen, M., Zhang, X., Yang, T., Li, N., Shi, Q., Li, M.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Xiong, Jiang (57217517892); Chen, Huayong (24385415200); Tang, Chuan (35932953300); Tang, Chenxiao (55486336700); Gong, Lingfeng (57215612725); Chen, Ming (57199453005); Zhang, Xianzheng (57219298270); Yang, Tao (58761034900); Li, Ning (57211181445); Shi, Qingyun (57217257328); Li, Mingwei (57222871091)
57217517892; 24385415200; 35932953300; 55486336700; 57215612725; 57199453005; 57219298270; 58761034900; 57211181445; 57217257328; 57222871091
Geomorphometric assessment of spatial transfer potential of landslides sediment in seismically impacted areas
(2025) Natural Hazards, 121 (6), pp. 6525 - 6550, Cited 4 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11069-024-07034-w
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-105003819629&doi=10.1007%2Fs11069-024-07034-w&partnerID=40&md5=6a41080b59f01e84b36631e4d8ff906f

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; China Geological Survey, Beijing, Beijing, China; School of Emergency Management, Xihua University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration Langfang, Langfang, Hebei, China
ABSTRACT: In the Wenchuan seismic region, solid material transport by landslides on hillslopes to channels has increased, increasing the susceptibility of debris flow in this seismic region. Timely and accurate mapping of the solid material transport potential of landslides on hillslopes is important for sediment management and debris-flow risk management. To rapidly and accurately understand the spatial distribution of the solid material transport potential of landslides on hillslopes in seismic areas, a new normalized index of the solid material transport potential of landslides on hillslopes (NDIH) was proposed to quantify the potential of solid material transport by landslides on hillslopes in drainage systems on the basis of remote sensing data and GIS platforms. The new approach was applied to 56 debris-flow basins in the epicenter of the Wenchuan seismic region, and the assessment results indicated that the regions between Gengda and Caopo had a greater potential for solid material transport by landslides on hillslopes in drainage systems, thereby increasing the susceptibility of debris flows at the beginning of the Wenchuan earthquake. Simultaneously, field investigations and remote sensing surveys were used to verify the rationality and reliability of the new method, and the area under the curve (AUC) of the ROC curve was 0.81; i.e., the results of the verification revealed that the NDIH can provide an accurate map of the solid material transport capacity of landslides on hillslopes, which was almost consistent with the findings of the field investigations. Compared with existing methods, the NDIH method has greater flexibility and applicability for revealing the potential of solid material transport on hillslopes in drainage systems in different geographical and climate regions. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2024.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: GIS; Landslide sediment; Remote sensing; Transport capacity; Wenchuan seismic region
INDEX KEYWORDS: GIS; hillslope; landslide; morphometry; remote sensing; seismic zone; spatial distribution; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Becht, Michael, Investigating sediment cascades using field measurements and spatial modelling, 291, pp. 206-213, (2005); 
Borselli, L., Prolegomena to sediment and flow connectivity in the landscape: A GIS and field numerical assessment, Catena, 75, 3, pp. 268-277, (2008); 
Bossi, Giulia, Multi-temporal LiDAR-DTMs as a tool for modelling a complex landslide: A case study in the Rotolon catchment (eastern Italian Alps), Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 15, 4, pp. 715-722, (2015); 
Cai, Jiehua, Detection and characterization of slow-moving landslides in the 2017 Jiuzhaigou earthquake area by combining satellite SAR observations and airborne Lidar DSM, Engineering Geology, 305, (2022); 
Campforts, Benjamin, HyLands 1.0: A hybrid landscape evolution model to simulate the impact of landslides and landslide-derived sediment on landscape evolution, Geoscientific Model Development, 13, 9, pp. 3863-3886, (2020); 
Cavalli, Marco, Geomorphometric assessment of spatial sediment connectivity in small Alpine catchments, Geomorphology, 188, pp. 31-41, (2013); 
Chen, Ming, Temporal and spatial differentiation in the surface recovery of post-seismic landslides in Wenchuan earthquake-affected areas, Ecological Informatics, 64, (2021); 
Chen, Chaoliang, Linkages between soil erosion and long-term changes of landscape pattern in a small watershed on the Chinese Loess Plateau, Catena, 220, (2023); 
Chen, Ming, Spatio-temporal mapping and long-term evolution of debris flow activity after a high magnitude earthquake, Catena, 236, (2024); 
Chen, Ming, Identifying potential debris flow hazards after the 2022 Mw 6.8 luding earthquake in southwestern China, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 83, 6, (2024)
PUBLISHER: Springer Science and Business Media B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Pang, J., He, L., He, Z., Zeng, W., Yuan, Y., Bai, W., Zhao, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Pang, Jintai (59527022700); He, Li (57213351097); He, Zhengwei (7403885268); Zeng, Wanting (58903001500); Yuan, Yan (59526595200); Bai, Wenqian (57762577900); Zhao, Jiahua (59660804400)
59527022700; 57213351097; 7403885268; 58903001500; 59526595200; 57762577900; 59660804400
Interactions and Driving Force of Land Cover and Ecosystem Service Before and After the Earthquake in Wenchuan County
(2025) Sustainability (Switzerland), 17 (7), art. no. 3094, Cited 2 times.
DOI: 10.3390/su17073094
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-105002242039&doi=10.3390%2Fsu17073094&partnerID=40&md5=6cf9d305204a4c1e234faaef5dc31e3a

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; College of Geography and Planning, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: The Wenchuan earthquake, an unexpected magnitude 8.0 mega-earthquake that struck on 12 May 2008, significantly changed land cover (LC), particularly affecting vegetation and rock cover. However, the long-term effects of LC changes on ecosystem services (ESs) remain unclear in earthquake-affected regions, especially across different spatial scales. This study, focusing on Wenchuan County, employs a multi-model framework that integrates fractional vegetation coverage (FVC), rock exposure rate (FR), and ecosystem services (ESs), combining correlation analysis, geographically weighted regression (GWR), Self-organizing map (SOM) clustering, and XGBoost-SHAP model, to analyze the spatiotemporal dynamics, interrelationships, and driving mechanisms of land cover (LC) and ESs before and after the earthquake. Results show that: (1) From 2000 to 2020, FVC and FR fluctuated markedly under earthquake influence, with slight declines in habitat quality (HQ) and carbon storage (CS) and notable improvements in soil conservation (SC) and water yield (WY). (2) With increasing elevation, the FVC–CS–SC group exhibited a downward trend and synergy, while the FR–HQ–WY group increased and also showed synergy; trade-offs and synergies became more pronounced at larger scales, displaying strong spatiotemporal heterogeneity. (3) Elevation (explaining 10–60% of variance) was the main driver for LC and ESs, with land use, slope, human activities, climate, and geological conditions significantly impacting individual indicators. At the same time, the existing geological hazard points are mainly concentrated along both sides of the river valleys, which may be associated with intensified human–land conflicts. These findings offer valuable insights into ecological restoration and sustainable development in earthquake-affected regions. © 2025 by the authors.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: driving forces; earthquake; ecosystem services; interactions; land cover
INDEX KEYWORDS: carbon storage; ecosystem service; habitat quality; land cover; regression analysis; restoration ecology; self organizing map; Sichuan earthquake 2008; soil conservation; vegetation cover; water yield; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Fan, Xuanmei, What we have learned from the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake and its aftermath: A decade of research and challenges, Engineering Geology, 241, pp. 25-32, (2018); 
Huang, Runqiu, Post-earthquake landsliding and long-term impacts in the Wenchuan earthquake area, China, Engineering Geology, 182, PB, pp. 111-120, (2014); 
Cui, Peng, Destruction of vegetation due to geo-hazards and its environmental impacts in the Wenchuan earthquake areas, Ecological Engineering, 44, pp. 61-69, (2012); 
Di, Baofeng, Quantifying the spatial distribution of soil mass wasting processes after the 2008 earthquake in Wenchuan, China. A case study of the Longmenshan area, Remote Sensing of Environment, 114, 4, pp. 761-771, (2010); 
Zhang, Yiqing, Effectiveness and driving mechanism of ecological restoration efforts in China from 2009 to 2019, Science of the Total Environment, 910, (2024); 
Duan, Yanan, Changes in ecosystem services in a montane landscape impacted by major earthquakes: A case study in Wenchuan earthquake-affected area, China, Ecological Indicators, 126, (2021); 
Zhang, Jiehao, Eco-hydrological recovery following large vegetation disturbances from a mega earthquake on the eastern Tibetan plateau, Journal of Hydrology, 651, (2025); 
Qiu, Haihong, Study on the impact of vegetation change on ecosystem services in the Loess Plateau, China, Ecological Indicators, 154, (2023); 
Zhao, Zhongxu, Vegetation cover dynamics and its constraint effect on ecosystem services on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau under ecological restoration projects, Journal of Environmental Management, 356, (2024); 
Li, Chen, Unveiling spatial heterogeneity of ecosystem services and their drivers in varied landform types: Insights from the Sichuan-Yunnan ecological barrier area, Journal of Cleaner Production, 442, (2024)
PUBLISHER: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Zhu, L., Pei, X., Cui, S., Luo, L., Wang, H.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhu, Ling (57210012612); Pei, Xiangjun (14058672500); Cui, Shenghua (56660242900); Luo, Luguang (57211367952); Wang, Hui (57221309102)
57210012612; 14058672500; 56660242900; 57211367952; 57221309102
New insights into the progressive failure process and mechanisms of the 2017 Xinmo Slope in Mao County, China
(2025) Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 84 (4), art. no. 195, Cited 3 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s10064-025-04205-2
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-105000369326&doi=10.1007%2Fs10064-025-04205-2&partnerID=40&md5=ab79ccc1938a04b7d839e15c0e3d2b20

AFFILIATIONS: Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; School of Earth Sciences and Spatial Information Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, China
ABSTRACT: The Xinmo landslide, one of the most catastrophic landslides in Sichuan Province following the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, resulted in 10 deaths and 73 missing persons. This event garnered significant attention both in China and worldwide. In this study, we focused on the contributions of historical earthquakes, rainfall, and gravity to the progressive failure of the slope. Through a series of field investigations, rock creep tests, and numerical simulations, we found that the damage in the phyllite layer is significantly greater than that in the surrounding metamorphic sandstone layers, attributed to the incompatible deformation caused by earthquakes. Rainwater infiltrates along the densely developed seismic fractures, leading to the softening of phyllite and a reduction in long-term strength, which is related to the clay mineral expansion, non-uniform deformation, and the dissolution of intergranular cement. We proposed that the Xinmo landslide underwent several processes prior to its initiation, including the triggering, propagation, and coalescence of seismic fractures, the softening of phyllite due to rainwater, and time-dependent deformation. © The Author(s) 2025.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Creep deformation; Incompatible deformation; Progressive failure; Softening; Xinmo landslide
INDEX KEYWORDS: Clay minerals; Creep testing; Earthquakes; Hydrogeology; Miocene; Catastrophic landslides; Creep deformations; Failure mechanism; Incompatible deformation; Phyllite; Progressive failure; Progressive failure process; Seismic fracture; Softening; Xinmo landslide; Landslides; catastrophic event; creep; landslide; phyllite; rainfall; rainwater; sandstone; seismic data; slope; softening; China; Mao; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Arjmandzadeh, Reza, GIS-Based Landslide Susceptibility Mapping in Qazvin Province of Iran, Iranian Journal of Science and Technology - Transactions of Civil Engineering, 44, pp. 619-647, (2020); 
Bao, Min, Study on creep properties of weak layer rock of slope under damage coupling, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 83, 5, (2024); 
Brideau, Marc André, The role of tectonic damage and brittle rock fracture in the development of large rock slope failures, Geomorphology, 103, 1, pp. 30-49, (2009); 
Chen, Ziquan, A Case Study on the Asymmetric Deformation Characteristics and Mechanical Behavior of Deep-Buried Tunnel in Phyllite, Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 52, 11, pp. 4527-4545, (2019); 
Cui, Shenghua, Effects of geological and tectonic characteristics on the earthquake-triggered Daguangbao landslide, China, Landslides, 15, 4, pp. 649-667, (2018); 
Lithosphere, (2021); 
Dong, Jinyu, Shaking Table Model Test to Determine Dynamic Response Characteristics and Failure Modes of Steep Bedding Rock Slope, Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 55, 6, pp. 3645-3658, (2022); 
Dong, Jie, Measuring precursory movements of the recent Xinmo landslide in Mao County, China with Sentinel-1 and ALOS-2 PALSAR-2 datasets, Landslides, 15, 1, pp. 135-144, (2018); 
Fan, Xuanmei, Earthquake-Induced Chains of Geologic Hazards: Patterns, Mechanisms, and Impacts, Reviews of Geophysics, 57, 2, pp. 421-503, (2019); 
Fan, Xuanmei, Failure mechanism and kinematics of the deadly June 24th 2017 Xinmo landslide, Maoxian, Sichuan, China, Landslides, 14, 6, pp. 2129-2146, (2017)
PUBLISHER: Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Luo, Y., Chen, M., Wang, L., Tang, Y., Ma, S.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Luo, Yuting (57225212131); Chen, Ming (57199453005); Wang, Lijuan (57018362600); Tang, Yao (55928115100); Ma, Song (59563350600)
57225212131; 57199453005; 57018362600; 55928115100; 59563350600
Mechanisms and river blocking effects of clustering debris flows on 20 August 2019 along the Minjiang River, Wenchuan, China
(2025) Journal of Earth System Science, 134 (1), art. no. 45, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s12040-024-02502-0
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85218187791&doi=10.1007%2Fs12040-024-02502-0&partnerID=40&md5=662bd20e38f4a9b6b92d494166e49d14

AFFILIATIONS: Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Sichuan Academy of Safety Science and Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: Abstract: The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake generated a large amount of co-seismic debris, which supplied an abundant material source for post-earthquake debris flow activities, leading to a significant increase in the frequency and magnitude of post-earthquake debris flows. Residents and infrastructures will continue to be threatened by the hazard chain of debris flows in the Wenchuan earthquake-affected areas. Further understanding of the formation mechanism, activity characteristics, and cascading effects of post-earthquake clustering debris flows is of great significance to geohazard prevention and urban planning. This work first analyzed the topographic characteristics, triggering rainfall and material source supply of clustering debris flows based on detailed field investigations and aerial observations. Subsequently, we analyzed the characteristics of debris flow blocking the river for the typical catchments and their influencing factors. Meanwhile, we comprehensively assessed the debris flow blocking river effect in the Xiazhuang catchment based on indicators such as the threshold particle size of dam-forming solid material, the minimum volume of solid material for blocking the river, and the probability of blocking the river. Finally, we used OpenLISEM, a multi-hazard model, to reproduce the hazard chain process of debris flow blocking the river on 20 August 2019 in the Xiazhuang catchment and obtained the movement parameters along the path. Based on the simulation results, we analyzed the dynamic process of debris flow dam formation and flood inundation. The results show that the model performed well in predicting the chain process of debris flow blocking the river. Our work provides further insights and an assessment framework for the hazard chain of post-earthquake debris flow blocking rivers. Research highlights: The impacts of earthquakes on debris flow activity are still significant after a decade following the Wenchuan earthquake. The characteristics of topography, rainfall triggering and material source supply for clustering debris flows were analyzed. we comprehensively assessed the debris flow blocking-river effect based on the multiple indicators. A multi-hazard model was used to reproduce the hazard chain process of debris flow blocking-rive in the typical catchment. © Indian Academy of Sciences 2025.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: debris flow; OpenLISEM; river blocking effect; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: coseismic process; debris flow; formation mechanism; river flow; Sichuan earthquake 2008; software; China; Min River [Sichuan]; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: An, Huicong, Comprehensive analysis and numerical simulation of a large debris flow in the Meilong catchment, China, Engineering Geology, 298, (2022); 
Chang, Ming, Hazard assessment of debris flows in the Wenchuan earthquake-stricken area, South West China, Landslides, 14, 5, pp. 1783-1792, (2017); 
Chen, Ningsheng, The critical rainfall characteristics for torrents and debris flows in the Wenchuan earthquake stricken area, Journal of Mountain Science, 6, 4, pp. 362-372, (2009); 
Chen, K. T., Early identification of river blocking induced by tributary debris flow based on dimensionless volume index, Landslides, 16, 12, pp. 2335-2352, (2019); 
Chen, Ming, The long-term evolution of landslide activity near the epicentral area of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China, Geomorphology, 367, (2020); 
Chen, Ming, Changes of surface recovery at coseismic landslides and their driving factors in the Wenchuan earthquake-affected area, Catena, 210, (2022); 
Chen, Ming, Temporal and spatial differentiation in the surface recovery of post-seismic landslides in Wenchuan earthquake-affected areas, Ecological Informatics, 64, (2021); 
Chen, Ming, Quantitative assessment of physical fragility of buildings to the debris flow on 20 August 2019 in the Cutou gully, Wenchuan, southwestern China, Engineering Geology, 293, (2021); 
Chen, Huayong, Review of Investigations on Hazard Chains Triggered by River-Blocking Debris Flows and Dam-Break Floods, Frontiers in Earth Science, 10, (2022); 
Chen, Ming, Quantitative assessment of expected direct economic losses of buildings for debris flows in multiple rainfall intensity scenarios in Yangling Gully, Southwest China, Natural Hazards, 120, 3, pp. 2993-3014, (2024)
PUBLISHER: Springer
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Xiong, J., Chen, H., Tang, C., Tang, C., Chen, J., Yang, T., Gong, L., Chen, M., Shi, Q., Li, N.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Xiong, Jiang (57217517892); Chen, Huayong (24385415200); Tang, Chuan (35932953300); Tang, Chenxiao (55486336700); Chen, Jiangang (56013367200); Yang, Tao (58761034900); Gong, Lingfeng (57215612725); Chen, Ming (57199453005); Shi, Qingyun (57217257328); Li, Ning (57211181445)
57217517892; 24385415200; 35932953300; 55486336700; 56013367200; 58761034900; 57215612725; 57199453005; 57217257328; 57211181445
A robust index was extracted to assess the prolonged changes in debris flow activity after a high magnitude earthquake
(2025) Catena, 250, art. no. 108733, Cited 1 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.catena.2025.108733
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85215382090&doi=10.1016%2Fj.catena.2025.108733&partnerID=40&md5=aa24f0541321a9184fcb22158876c152

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; China Geological Survey, Beijing, Beijing, China; Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; School of Emergency Management, Xihua University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: In regions with strong earthquake disturbances, sufficient landslide sediments would activate debris flows for decades. As of 2024, although the Wenchuan earthquake has occurred 16 years ago, the nonuniform prolonged variation of post-quake debris flows is not fully understood owing to a lack of sufficient long-term monitoring data. In this study, a new debris flow activity index (DFAI) considering the effects of the landslide sediment supply, rainfall and topography, was proposed. The results of the DFAI reveal that post-quake debris flow activity continues to decline in a power pattern form and approximately decline toward the preseismic level for 50 years. The debris flow activity level was categorized into low, slight, medium, high and extreme levels on the basis of the DFAI and field investigations. The results of the debris flow activity assessment revealed that many debris flows experienced relatively high activity between 2008 and 2013, and gradually evolved from extreme to high levels at a rate of 0.06 yr−1. In contrast, debris flow activity rapidly declined after 2013, and changed from extreme and high levels to low, slight, and medium levels at rates of −0.06 yr−1 and −0.02 yr−1, respectively. Presently, approximately 59.32 % of the catchment has low and slight debris flow activity, but only 10 % of the catchment has high and extreme debris flow activity. The regions with higher debris flow activity have changed to the northern regions of the study area, and the larger catchment has relatively high debris flow activity. In addition, we validated the performance and robustness of the DFAI at sites with different geological environments and climates. In all, the DFAI can reduce the limitation of insufficient monitoring data and has good performance in reflecting nonuniform prolonged changes in debris flow activity. © 2025
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flow; DFAI; GIS; Landslide; Remote sensing
INDEX KEYWORDS: catchment; climate effect; debris flow; earthquake magnitude; environmental monitoring; geological structure; GIS; landslide; rainfall; remote sensing; sediment transport; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: De Baets, Sarah, Effects of grass roots on the erodibility of topsoils during concentrated flow, Geomorphology, 76, 1-2, pp. 54-67, (2006); 
Borselli, L., Prolegomena to sediment and flow connectivity in the landscape: A GIS and field numerical assessment, Catena, 75, 3, pp. 268-277, (2008); 
Cavalli, Marco, Geomorphometric assessment of spatial sediment connectivity in small Alpine catchments, Geomorphology, 188, pp. 31-41, (2013); 
Chen, Ming, The long-term evolution of landslide activity near the epicentral area of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China, Geomorphology, 367, (2020); 
Chen, Ming, Changes of surface recovery at coseismic landslides and their driving factors in the Wenchuan earthquake-affected area, Catena, 210, (2022); 
Chen, Ming, Spatio-temporal mapping and long-term evolution of debris flow activity after a high magnitude earthquake, Catena, 236, (2024); 
Chen, Huayong, Catastrophic debris flow triggered by a June 26, 2023 rainstorm suggests the debris flow is still active 15 years after the Wenchuan seismic, Landslides, 21, 8, pp. 1883-1897, (2024); 
undefined, (1987); 
Cui, Peng, Characteristics and countermeasures of debris flow in Wenchuan area after the earthquake, Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 42, 5, pp. 10-19, (2010); 
Dai, Lanxin, Coseismic Debris Remains in the Orogen Despite a Decade of Enhanced Landsliding, Geophysical Research Letters, 48, 19, (2021)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zhao, L., Zhang, C., Zhou, X.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhao, Liang (58112481800); Zhang, Chunmiao (59711207000); Zhou, Xia (57216761937)
58112481800; 59711207000; 57216761937
Post-Disaster Recovery Effectiveness: Assessment and Prediction of Coordinated Development in the Wenchuan Earthquake-Stricken Areas
(2025) Land, 14 (3), art. no. 487, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.3390/land14030487
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-105001145545&doi=10.3390%2Fland14030487&partnerID=40&md5=7fdef0b943ee3f7a7032975d5db98bdf

AFFILIATIONS: School of Economics and Management, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Post-disaster rapid recovery and reconstruction, along with the evaluation of these efforts, are crucial for affected areas. They not only facilitate the swift repair of vulnerable systems but also reflect whether the recovery work has enhanced regional coordinated development. This is vital for achieving sustainable development post-reconstruction. This study addresses two main questions: (1) How effective were the recovery and reconstruction efforts in Mianyang, Deyang, and Guangyuan post-Wenchuan earthquake from a socio-economic–ecological system perspective? (2) What are the temporal and spatial changes in the Coordinated Development Index (CDI) of key affected counties? By constructing a framework to assess post-disaster coordinated development, this study utilized the entropy weight method and mean-variance method for the comprehensive weighting of evaluation indicators. The gray system prediction model G(1,1) was used to forecast the coordinated development levels of the three cities from 2019 to 2025. The findings reveal the following: (1) From 2005 to 2018, the CDI of Deyang, Guangyuan, and Mianyang showed a significant upward trend. Post-earthquake reconstruction measures like land planning and ecological restoration notably enhanced regional resilience and promoted coordinated development among social, economic, and ecological systems. (2) Despite overall success in reconstruction, disparities in development levels persist among Mianyang, Deyang, and Guangyuan. Predictions suggest that Deyang, Mianyang, and Guangyuan will achieve high-quality coordinated development in the next 5, 2, and 1 years, respectively. (3) Although significant achievements have been made through industrial restructuring, land reuse planning, and ecological restoration, more precise disaster prevention and mitigation strategies are needed to foster coordinated development among social, economic, and ecological systems. In summary, this study evaluates the post-disaster recovery effects in the hardest-hit areas of the Wenchuan earthquake and forecasts future development, providing a reference for similar post-disaster reconstruction areas in assessing and predicting coordinated development. © 2025 by the authors.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: assessment and prediction; coordinated development; ecological restoration; gray model; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: disaster management; model; prediction; restoration ecology; risk assessment; Sichuan earthquake 2008; sustainable development; China; Guangyuan; Mianyang; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Ricart, Sandra, Evaluating public attitudes and farmers' beliefs towards climate change adaptation: Awareness, perception, and populism at European level, Land, 8, 1, (2019); 
Cole, Matthew A., Pre-disaster planning and post-disaster aid: Examining the impact of the great East Japan Earthquake, International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 21, pp. 291-302, (2017); 
Li, Yan, Analysis and countermeasures of the “7.20” flood in Zhengzhou, Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering, 22, 6, pp. 3782-3798, (2023); 
Urban Development Studies, (2018); 
Ahmadun, Fakharu'l Razi, Consequences of the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami in Malaysia, Safety Science, 121, pp. 619-631, (2020); 
Ebi, Kristie L., Extreme Weather and Climate Change: Population Health and Health System Implications, Annual Review of Public Health, 42, pp. 293-315, (2020); 
Shi, Manjiang, A conceptual framework integrating “building back better” and post-earthquake needs for recovery and reconstruction, Sustainability (Switzerland), 13, 10, (2021); 
Unbreakable Building the Resilience of the Poor in the Face of Natural Disasters, (2017); 
Xu, Dingde, Influences of Sense of Place on Farming Households’ Relocation Willingness in Areas Threatened by Geological Disasters: Evidence from China, International Journal of Disaster Risk Science, 8, 1, pp. 16-32, (2017); 
Chelleri, Lorenzo, Resilience trade-offs: addressing multiple scales and temporal aspects of urban resilience, Environment and Urbanization, 27, 1, pp. 181-198, (2015)
PUBLISHER: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Lu, S., Wu, Z., Huang, T.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Lu, Shiming (59307260600); Wu, Zhonghai (55500643100); Huang, Ting (57227570600)
59307260600; 55500643100; 57227570600
Characteristics of geological hazard development and disaster-inducing environment of the MS6.2 earthquake in Jishishan, Gansu Province 甘肃积石山 MS6.2 地震地质灾害发育特征及孕灾环境分析
(2025) Journal of Geomechanics, 31 (1), pp. 139 - 155, Cited 2 times.
DOI: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2024069
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85219540900&doi=10.12090%2Fj.issn.1006-6616.2024069&partnerID=40&md5=36d2e936a643d883fc51931445ec925f

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China; Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China; Peking University, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: [Objective] The M<inf>S</inf>6.2 earthquake that struck Jishishan County, Gansu Province, on December 18, 2023, triggered a series of secondary geological disasters, including landslides, collapses, and debris flows. This earthquake is considered one of the most devastating seismic events in China in recent years. The study aims to analyze the characteristics of seismicity-induced disasters in the region and identify the underlying geological factors contributing to these secondary geological hazards. Specifically, the research focuses on how the geological environment influences the development of these disasters, particularly landslides, collapses, and debris flows. This understanding will help to develop better disaster prevention and mitigation strategies for similar seismic regions. [Methods] To investigate these issues, the study uses a combination of field investigations, remote sensing image interpretation, and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The AHP was employed to evaluate the relative importance of five key factors—faults, lithology, vegetation cover, slope, and precipitation—in the formation of secondary geological hazards. The analysis also includes a detailed spatial distribution study of these factors and how they interact under seismic conditions. This multi-method approach provides a comprehensive understanding of the complex geological environment in Jishishan. [Results] Based on the integrated analysis, the secondary geological hazard zones of the study area are primarily concentrated along the front edge of Lajishan, closely aligned with the VIII seismic intensity zone of the Jishishan M<inf>S</inf>6.2 earthquake. Fewer hazard zones are located at the northern edge of Lijia Village, Guantan Village, and Manisigou Township. The higher-risk areas are centered around Jishishan County, extending eastward toward Lijia Village and Hanji Town. The secondary geological disaster points are concentrated in Jishishan County and the area surrounding it, particularly in valleys where Quaternary strata are abundant, forming a band-like distribution. Landslides are most prevalent in Jishishan County and Dahejia Town, where steep terrain, fragile geological structure, and significant rock weathering make the area vulnerable. The lack of vegetation exacerbates surface instability. Debris flows mainly occur in Baizang Town and around Jishishan, where steep slopes, concentrated rainfall, and abundant loose materials create ideal conditions for disaster. These debris flow sites are located near rivers or lakes, indicating that water flow and increased soil saturation are key factors triggering such events. Landslide sites are generally scattered but concentrated in areas of significant topographic change, following the Quaternary strata in valleys. These sites are denser near the Lajishan fault zone, showing the influence of fault proximity and rainfall on landslide occurrence. Each type of geological disaster exhibits distinct spatial patterns: landslides and debris flows are more likely to occur in areas with steep slopes and proximity to water bodies, while collapses tend to occur in exposed rock areas, influenced by local lithology. Evidently, the distribution of secondary geological hazards in the study area is primarily influenced by weak geological conditions, with seismic activity, vegetation, topography, and precipitation compounding the risk. Hazard zones are concentrated along the front of Lajishan, matching the VIII seismic intensity zone. The disaster sites are primarily located in valleys with dense fourth-level strata, confirming the consistency between the simulated and actual hazard zones. [Conclusion] To conclude, lithology was found to be the most significant factor influencing disaster formation, with a weight of 42%, followed by fault zones (26%). While precipitation had the least impact, contributing only 6%, it still played a role in increasing the risk of landslides and debris flows. The high-risk disaster areas correspond closely to the seismic intensity zone VIII, particularly around the earthquake epicenter, where the geological conditions are most conducive to these hazards. The distribution of secondary geological disasters in Jishishan is primarily controlled by the weak geological conditions of the region. Besides, compared to the Wenchuan earthquake, where disasters were concentrated along the hanging wall of reverse faults, the disaster sites in Jishishan were mainly located in the down-thrust areas of fault zones. Additionally, fewer disaster points were observed in aftershock zones, suggesting that the main shock alleviated a significant amount of tectonic stress, leading to regional stabilization. [Significance] This study highlights the relationship between geological factors and seismicity-induced secondary disasters in Jishishan, emphasizing the need for targeted monitoring and protective measures in areas with loose Quaternary deposits and steep slopes. The results provide valuable insight for disaster prevention strategies in Jishishan and other seismic regions with similar geological conditions. © 2025 Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Institute of Geomechanics. All rights reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: disaster-prone environment; Jishishan earthquake; landslide; mudflow; spatial analysis
REFERENCES: Bai, Yuzhu, Simulations on displacement fields of ground surface in 2008 wenchuan earthquake: The case of inverse and right-lateral motion of yingxiu-beichuan fault, Dizhen Dizhi, 32, 1, pp. 16-27, (2010); 
China Earthq Eng J, (2024); 
Northwestern Seismological Journal, (2013); 
Geological Environment Evaluation of Abandoned Mines in Shenzhen City Based on GIS and AHP D, (2020); 
A Big Earth Data Platform for Three Poles, (2019); 
Gao, Bo, Development Feature and Risk Assessment of Geological Hazards Caused by the Ms 6.2 Earthquake in Jishishan County, Linxia, Gansu Province, Northwestern Geology, 57, 2, pp. 209-219, (2024); 
Overview of Disaster Prevention, (2025); 
Overview of Disaster Prevention, (2024); 
Journal of Lanzhou University Natural Sciences, (2024); 
Hubei Emergency Management, (2024)
PUBLISHER: Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Institute of Geomechanics
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Su, N., Xu, L., Li, Y., Li, J., Tang, Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Su, Na (57188721210); Xu, Linrong (7404745385); Li, Yongwei (57217494421); Li, Jiashen (58847789700); Tang, Yulan (59450860800)
57188721210; 7404745385; 57217494421; 58847789700; 59450860800
Risk assessment of single gully debris flows based on dynamic changes of provenance in the Wenchuan earthquake zone: A case study of Qipan gully 汶川地震震后七盘沟泥石流动态物源危险性评价
(2025) Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control, 36 (1), pp. 16 - 27, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.16031/j.cnki.issn.1003-8035.202308010
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85219363538&doi=10.16031%2Fj.cnki.issn.1003-8035.202308010&partnerID=40&md5=e1537f70f2f3f68c272da2a7ec01b2a9

AFFILIATIONS: School of Civil Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Ltd., Xi'an, Shanxi, China
ABSTRACT: Following the catastrophic “5•12” Wenchuan earthquake, extensive debris was deposited on mountain surfaces in the earthquake zone, and significant vegetation damage occurred, providing abundant material for debris flow outbreaks and substantially increasing their risk. Previous studies primarily focused on vegetation recovery when assessing post-earthquake debris flow risks. However, field surveys revealed that large quantities of dynamic storage materials in the gullies significantly impact risk assessments. Based on field survey data, this study uses Qipan gully in Wenchuan County as a research subject and employs multi-source and multi-scale monitoring tools (Landsat series, Quick-bird, and UAVs) to analyze and statistically assess the source materials on slopes and gullies both pre- and post-earthquake. A dynamic risk assessment model for debris flow is constructed using game theory combined with a cloud model, assessing the risk from 2005 to 2019. Findings indicate that post-earthquake slope material sources were 7.7 times those pre-earthquake, and by 2019, with recovery to pre-earthquake levels by 2019. Statistical estimations based on recorded debris flow eruptions and sediment removal volumes show a reduction of approximately 7.813×106 m3 in dynamic material sources by 2019. Assessing both slope and gully material sources yields more realistic results than considering slope sources alone. These results provide references and guidance for dynamic risk assessments of debris flow, impacting major engineering projects in increasingly seismic regions and effectively ensuring the safety of life and property. © 2025 Editorial Office of The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazards and Control. All rights reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: cloud model; combined weighting method; debris flow; provenance changes; risk assessment; Wenchuan earthquake
REFERENCES: Journal of Mountain Science, (2008); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2010); 
Li, Ning, Characteristics of the disastrous debris flow of Chediguan gully in Yinxing town, Sichuan Province, on August 20, 2019, Scientific Reports, 11, 1, (2021); 
Chen, Xiaoqing, Mountain hazard induced by Wenchuan Earthquake and its long-term development trends of Ganxi Gully, Beichuan, Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 42, SUPPL. 1, pp. 22-32, (2010); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2011); 
Fan, Xuanmei, Two multi-temporal datasets that track the enhanced landsliding after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Earth System Science Data, 11, 1, pp. 35-55, (2019); 
Yang, Wentao, Decreased post-seismic landslides linked to vegetation recovery after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Ecological Indicators, 89, pp. 438-444, (2018); 
Fan, Ruilin, Evolution of debris flow activities in Gaojiagou Ravine during 2008–2016 after the Wenchuan earthquake, Engineering Geology, 235, pp. 1-10, (2018); 
Chen, Ming, The long-term evolution of landslide activity near the epicentral area of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China, Geomorphology, 367, (2020); 
Fan, Xuanmei, Spatio-temporal evolution of mass wasting after the 2008 Mw 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake revealed by a detailed multi-temporal inventory, Landslides, 15, 12, pp. 2325-2341, (2018)
PUBLISHER: Editorial Office of The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazards and Control
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Xiong, J., Chen, H., Tang, C., Chen, M., Yang, T., Gong, L., Zhang, X., Shi, Q., Li, N., Li, M.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Xiong, Jiang (57217517892); Chen, Huayong (24385415200); Tang, Chuan (35932953300); Chen, Ming (57199453005); Yang, Tao (58761034900); Gong, Lingfeng (57215612725); Zhang, Xianzheng (57219298270); Shi, Qingyun (57217257328); Li, Ning (57211181445); Li, Mingwei (57222871091)
57217517892; 24385415200; 35932953300; 57199453005; 58761034900; 57215612725; 57219298270; 57217257328; 57211181445; 57222871091
Dynamic impact of hillslope landslide sediment transfer to ecological environment recovery in earthquake disturbed area
(2025) Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 84 (2), art. no. 112, Cited 3 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s10064-025-04125-1
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85218419333&doi=10.1007%2Fs10064-025-04125-1&partnerID=40&md5=0eb57dd6f8c727a05067f64353f6ad92

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; China Geological Survey, Beijing, Beijing, China; Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; School of Emergency Management, Xihua University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration Langfang, Langfang, Hebei, China
ABSTRACT: In the Wenchuan seismic disturbed region, the landslide sediment transfer has seriously damaged the vegetation. On the contrary, the vegetation recovery can improve the post-seismic slope instability by the root reinforcement effect and reduce landslide sediment transfer. However, due to limited earth observations, it remains elusive that the dynamic response of hillslope landslide sediment transfer to ecological environment recovery in earthquake disturbed area. We analyzed the prolonged evolution of landslide sediment transfer potential (LSTP) and surface recovery in epicentre of Wenchuan earthquake using the standardization landslide sediment transfer potential index (SIH) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), respectively. As well, the dynamic relationship between landslide sediment transfer and vegetation recovery is discussed. We found that the LSTP in regions between Gengda and Caopo was dominated by high and extreme levels between 2008 and 2013, and it gradually enhanced during this period, which poses a negative impact on vegetation recovery. On the contrary, the LSTP continued to decline after 2013, which provided a positive impact on vegetation recovery, and average NDVI recovered at a rate of 0.05 yr−1. In recent years, more than 78.33% of the study area was dominated by moderate and slight LSTP, and the NDVI has almost returned to pre-earthquake levels, which provides a linear impact on decay of landslide erosion and landslide sediment supply for channel. However, the species that breed slowly (trees) will gradually rehabilitate for a longer period, so the impact of vegetation restoration on landslide sediment reduction needs further long-term observation. © The Author(s) 2025.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Landslide sediment; Spatiotemporal evolution; Transport potential; Vegetation restoration
INDEX KEYWORDS: Abiotic; Earthquakes; Miocene; Vegetation; Ecological environments; Environment recoveries; Hillslope landslides; Landslide sediment; Normalized difference vegetation index; Sediment transfers; Spatiotemporal evolution; Transport potential; Vegetation recovery; Vegetation restoration; Landslides; earthquake event; environmental management; hillslope; landslide; sediment transport; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Atkinson, Edmund, Methods for assessing sediment delivery in river systems, Hydrological Sciences Journal, 40, 2, pp. 273-280, (1995); 
De Baets, Sarah, Effects of grass roots on the erodibility of topsoils during concentrated flow, Geomorphology, 76, 1-2, pp. 54-67, (2006); 
Borselli, L., Prolegomena to sediment and flow connectivity in the landscape: A GIS and field numerical assessment, Catena, 75, 3, pp. 268-277, (2008); 
Campforts, Benjamin, HyLands 1.0: A hybrid landscape evolution model to simulate the impact of landslides and landslide-derived sediment on landscape evolution, Geoscientific Model Development, 13, 9, pp. 3863-3886, (2020); 
Cavalli, Marco, Geomorphometric assessment of spatial sediment connectivity in small Alpine catchments, Geomorphology, 188, pp. 31-41, (2013); 
Chang, Ming, Evolution process of sediment supply for debris flow occurrence in the Longchi area of Dujiangyan City after the Wenchuan earthquake, Landslides, 12, 3, pp. 611-623, (2015); 
Chang, Ming, The spatial distribution characteristics of coseismic landslides triggered by the Ms7.0 Lushan earthquake and Ms7.0 Jiuzhaigou earthquake in southwest China, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28, 16, pp. 20549-20569, (2021); 
Chen, Ming, The long-term evolution of landslide activity near the epicentral area of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China, Geomorphology, 367, (2020); 
Chen, Ming, Temporal and spatial differentiation in the surface recovery of post-seismic landslides in Wenchuan earthquake-affected areas, Ecological Informatics, 64, (2021); 
Chen, Ming, Changes of surface recovery at coseismic landslides and their driving factors in the Wenchuan earthquake-affected area, Catena, 210, (2022)
PUBLISHER: Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

He, W., Di, B., Wu, S., Li, J., Zeng, W., Zeng, Y., Li, R., Balikuddembe, J.K., Chen, H., Zhang, B., Chen, G., Stamatopoulos, C.A., Yazgan, U., Kisekka, I.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: He, Wen (59870122300); Di, Baofeng (14057800700); Wu, Shaolin (57215536172); Li, Jierui (57210391283); Zeng, Wen (57201792597); Zeng, Yajie (57236337700); Li, Ruowei (58190305100); Balikuddembe, Kimuli Joseph (57126426700); Chen, Hongkai (59408793700); Zhang, Bin (59851978100); Chen, Gang (59536491300); Stamatopoulos, Constantine A. (8714208800); Yazgan, Ufuk (8682323900); Kisekka, Isaya (35424050500)
59870122300; 14057800700; 57215536172; 57210391283; 57201792597; 57236337700; 58190305100; 57126426700; 59408793700; 59851978100; 59536491300; 8714208800; 8682323900; 35424050500
Long-term effects of post-earthquake landslides on vegetation ecosystem net carbon
(2025) Ecological Indicators, 171, art. no. 113170, Cited 1 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2025.113170
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85216563898&doi=10.1016%2Fj.ecolind.2025.113170&partnerID=40&md5=5bb3f261ccfda1d095f250b3914aacaf

AFFILIATIONS: Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Center for Archaeological Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; College of Grassland Resources and Environment, Neimenggu Agricultural University, Hohhot, Nei Mongol, China; China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan, China; Ya ’an Emergency Management Bureau, Ya'an, China; Hellenic Open University, Patra, Achaia, Greece; Disaster Management Institute, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Land, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
ABSTRACT: Landslides significantly impact carbon dynamics across global regions, yet the long-term vegetation ecosystem net carbon effect from post-earthquake landslides remains unclear. To address this gap, this study focuses on the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan, China. Using landslide inventories and satellite data, we applied the Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average Model (SARIMA) model and Bayesian change-point detection to examine long-term effects of post-earthquake landslides on vegetation ecosystem net carbon uptake (ENCU). For the restored areas, the multi-year total vegetation ecosystem net carbon loss (ENCL) was calculated for different landslide-prone areas. Subsequently, the Random Forest Regression Model and Structural Equation Model were used to explore the environmental drivers of ENCL. A substantial decline in ENCU was observed in the post-earthquake, with a 17.40 % reduction noted in May 2008. By 2019, only 45 out of 86 affected areas recovered to pre-earthquake ENCU levels, with 18 areas surpassing their initial levels. Recovery times for most landslides ranged from 8 to 11 years. From 2008 to 2019, the total ENCL across various landslide-affected areas primarily ranged from 5000 to 20,000 gC m−2. Precipitation emerged as a key driver of ENCL, while landscape fragmentation hindered recovery. These findings underscore the need for sustainable post-earthquake land management to maintain carbon balance, offering new insights into how seismic events influence global carbon cycles. © 2025 The Authors
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Landscape fragmentation; Net carbon loss; Net carbon uptake; Recovery pattern; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Carbon capture and utilization; Affected area; Carbon dynamics; Carbon loss; Carbon uptake; Landscape fragmentation; Long-term effects; Net carbon loss; Net carbon uptake; Recovery pattern; Wenchuan Earthquake; Carbon sequestration; carbon balance; ecosystem approach; global perspective; land management; landslide; satellite data; seismic hazard; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Alcántara-Ayala, Irasema, Landslide risk management: from hazard to disaster risk reduction, Landslides, 20, 10, pp. 2031-2037, (2023); 
Bai, Xuejuan, Belowground allocation and fate of tree assimilates in plant–soil–microorganisms system: 13C labeling and tracing under field conditions, Geoderma, 404, (2021); 
Błońska, Ewa, The effect of landslide on soil organic carbon stock and biochemical properties of soil, Journal of Soils and Sediments, 18, 8, pp. 2727-2737, (2018); 
Bremer, Leah L., Changes in carbon storage with land management promoted by payment for ecosystem services, Environmental Conservation, 43, 4, pp. 397-406, (2016); 
Buchelt, Alexander, Exploring artificial intelligence for applications of drones in forest ecology and management, Forest Ecology and Management, 551, (2024); 
Chadourne, Matthew H., Identifying Priority Areas for Forest Landscape Restoration to Protect Ridgelines and Hillsides: A Cost-Benefit Analysis, Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics, 60, 2, pp. 275-294, (2012); 
Chen, Ming, The long-term evolution of landslide activity near the epicentral area of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China, Geomorphology, 367, (2020); 
Chen, Ming, Changes of surface recovery at coseismic landslides and their driving factors in the Wenchuan earthquake-affected area, Catena, 210, (2022); 
Cregger, Melissa A., Response of the soil microbial community to changes in precipitation in a semiarid ecosystem, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 78, 24, pp. 8587-8594, (2012); 
Csákvári, Edina, Estimates of regeneration potential in the Pannonian sand region help prioritize ecological restoration interventions, Communications Biology, 5, 1, (2022)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Tang, Z., Zheng, X., Pan, J., Huang, X., Zhu, L., Wang, N., Xie, M., Yan, G., Wang, C., Wang, Z., Xu, C., Song, C.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Tang, Zhangying (57218563437); Zheng, Xue (59516783800); Pan, Jay (55459095000); Huang, Xiao (57201292422); Zhu, Liang Jun (55504516800); Wang, Nan (57348954100); Xie, Mingyu (59601019900); Yan, Guoqiang (59516964200); Wang, Chengwu (49362490300); Wang, Zhoufeng (57218257549); Xu, Chong (35184309900); Song, Chao (56123622800)
57218563437; 59516783800; 55459095000; 57201292422; 55504516800; 57348954100; 59601019900; 59516964200; 49362490300; 57218257549; 35184309900; 56123622800
Spatial joint hazard assessment of landslide susceptibility and intensity within a single framework: Environmental insights from the Wenchuan earthquake
(2025) Science of the Total Environment, 963, art. no. 178545, Cited 4 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.178545
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85215213877&doi=10.1016%2Fj.scitotenv.2025.178545&partnerID=40&md5=831b509d5c8f9a0753c5cade54d27fde

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States; State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China; School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Ministry of Emergency Management of China, Beijing, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Compound and Chained Natural Hazards Dynamics, Ministry of Emergency Management of China, Beijing, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: To comprehensively assess regional landslide hazards, we propose a geospatial approach that jointly evaluates both the probability of occurrence (susceptibility) and potential destructive power (intensity) within a single framework, overcoming the limitations of previous studies that treated these two disaster scenarios independently. Focusing on the largest landslide event triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake in China, we collected landslide occurrence and count data at the slope unit level, alongside 18 environmental factors, including seismic data. To enable this multi-hazard single-framework evaluation, we employed two Bayesian spatial joint regressions: the spatial shared component model (SSCM) and the spatial shared hyperparameter model (SSHM). This joint assessment focuses on three key components: identifying shared influencing factors, capturing shared spatial autocorrelated random effects, and jointly predicting susceptibility and intensity maps. Additionally, we enhanced the traditional absolute intensity index into the relative intensity by accounting for slope unit size. Both Bayesian SSCM and SSHM, incorporating multiple environmental drivers (seismic, topographical, geological, hydrological, and human activities), successfully evaluated landslide susceptibility and intensity under a single analytical frame. SSHM outperformed SSCM in terms of model fit and predictive accuracy, as revealed by cross-validation. While SSCM overfitted the landslide distribution of spatial autocorrelated random effect, SSHM provided a smoother, more spatially diverse representation. Both models consistently identified slope as the shared key factor influencing susceptibility and intensity, with the top four additional environmental factors varying slightly but all related to seismic activity. The concurrent susceptibility and absolute intensity maps produced by both models exhibited similar patterns, while relative intensity mapping identified new high-hazard areas within smaller slope units that were previously overlooked by susceptibility and absolute intensity. We established a Bayesian-based single modeling framework for joint hazard assessment and prediction of regional susceptibility and intensity, providing a cutting-edge geospatial paradigm for multi-objective hazard assessment in global environmental disaster management. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Bayesian spatial joint regression; Environmental disaster; Landslide susceptibility; Multi-hazard single-framework evaluation; Regional hazards; Relative intensity
INDEX KEYWORDS: Autocorrelation; Disaster prevention; Disasters; Earthquakes; Miocene; Regression analysis; Seismic response; Bayesian; Bayesian spatial joint regression; Environmental disasters; Framework evaluation; Landslide susceptibility; Multi-hazard single-framework evaluation; Multi-hazards; Regional hazard; Relative intensity; Spatial joint; Landslides; disaster management; environmental factor; hazard assessment; landslide; seismic data; seismic hazard; Sichuan earthquake 2008; Article; earthquake; human activities; landslide intensity; landslide susceptibility; machine learning; model; nonhuman; parsimony analysis; probability; procedures; receiver operating characteristic; river; seismicity; spatial joint hazard assessment; spatial shared component model; spatial shared hyperparameter model; velocity; adult; article; China; controlled study; cross validation; disaster; human; male; prediction; Sichuan; Wenchuan
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Assunção, Renato Martins Martins Nascimento De, Multiple cancer sites incidence rates estimation using a multivariate Bayesian model, International Journal of Epidemiology, 33, 3, pp. 508-516, (2004); 
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Chen, Xiaoli, Impact of slope stability changes on landslide activity near the epicenter of the 2008 Wenchuan Ms8.0 earthquake, China, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 80, 7, pp. 5259-5270, (2021)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Chen, J., Zhang, W., Lu, C., Zheng, Y., Liu, H., Li, W., Yin, H., Wang, J., Wang, Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Chen, Junqi (58064665200); Zhang, Wen (55706496300); Lu, Changwei (57283908800); Zheng, Yanhao (57216864862); Liu, Hongcheng (59154863000); Li, Wankun (57778913200); Yin, Han (57699515700); Wang, Jia (56298382700); Wang, Yindong (59508131500)
58064665200; 55706496300; 57283908800; 57216864862; 59154863000; 57778913200; 57699515700; 56298382700; 59508131500
Evolution and migration patterns of sediments in an earthquake-affected catchment in Wenchuan, Sichuan Province, China
(2025) Catena, 249, art. no. 108712, Cited 14 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.catena.2025.108712
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85214585623&doi=10.1016%2Fj.catena.2025.108712&partnerID=40&md5=b257b490cf0798f77a65a8c7cf452e17

AFFILIATIONS: College of Construction Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China; Jilin Province Water Resource and Hydropower Consultative Company of P R China, Changchun, China; Institute of Geological Survey of Jilin Province, Changchun, China; Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
ABSTRACT: Earthquakes of magnitude often contribute to changes in sediment availability, and those available sediments, once entrained by runoff, can lead to catastrophic debris flow events. Effective management of debris flow events in seismic areas relies on monitoring the changes in available sediments at the catchment scale and the movement mode of available sediments at the sedimentary deposits scale. For this reason, the present study integrates satellite remote sensing images, terrestrial 3D laser scanner, and field experiments to establish a monitoring framework across diverse spatial scales. This approach reveals the evolution and migration patterns of available sediments in the typical debris flow catchment Cutou gully in the Wenchuan earthquake area since the 2008 earthquake disaster. Accordingly, we can illuminate how sediment evolution responds to different disaster events and clarify the sediment migration patterns before and during debris flow disasters. It is found that the seismic events led to an increase in sediments available for mobilization within Cutou gully. For the available sediments involved in the debris flow, since some of the loosely consolidated active material sources were carried away by the debris flow, following the debris flow, they were more stable compared to those not involved in the debris flow. Available sediments migrated from the upper slopes with higher elevation to the debris flow channel with lower elevation due to surface runoff before and during the debris flow. Localized collapse at the toe of the sedimentary deposits occurred continuously in a retrogressive manner, mainly due to lateral erosion of the channel bank, which complements the magnitude of the debris flow. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Migration patterns; Sediment evolution; Sediment monitoring; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: catchment; debris flow; earthquake; migration; mobilization; remote sensing; runoff; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Barbini, Matteo, An alternative approach for the sediment control of in-channel stony debris flows with an application to the case study of Ru Secco Creek (Venetian Dolomites, Northeast Italy), Frontiers in Earth Science, 12, (2024); 
Bardou, Éric, Properties of debris flow deposits and source materials compared: Implications for debris flow characterization, Sedimentology, 54, 2, pp. 469-480, (2007); 
Bardou, Éric, Impact of small amounts of swelling clays on the physical properties of debris-flow-like granular materials. Implications for the study of alpine debris flow, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 32, 5, pp. 698-710, (2007); 
Bernard, M., Deposition areas: An effective solution for the reduction of the sediment volume transported by stony debris flows on the high-sloping reach of channels incising fans and debris cones, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 49, 2, pp. 664-683, (2024); 
Boreggio, Mauro, Does the topographic data source truly influence the routing modelling of debris flows in a torrent catchment?, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 47, 8, pp. 2107-2129, (2022); 
Bovis, Michael J., The role of debris supply conditions in predicting debris flow activity, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 24, 11, pp. 1039-1054, (1999); 
Cândido, Bernardo Moreira, High-resolution monitoring of diffuse (sheet or interrill) erosion using structure-from-motion, Geoderma, 375, (2020); 
Castillo, Carlos, Comparing the accuracy of several field methods for measuring gully erosion, Soil Science Society of America Journal, 76, 4, pp. 1319-1332, (2012); 
Oss-Cazzador, D., Integrated analysis of sediment source areas in an Alpine basin, Catena, 188, (2020); 
Chen, Ming, The long-term evolution of landslide activity near the epicentral area of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China, Geomorphology, 367, (2020)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Ma, J., Xu, C., Chen, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Ma, Junxue (57192269564); Xu, Chong (35184309900); Chen, Jian (55717623400)
57192269564; 35184309900; 55717623400
Dam-breach process simulation and risk assessment of outburst flood induced by the Tangjiashan landslide-dammed lake
(2025) Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies, 57, art. no. 102164, Cited 2 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrh.2024.102164
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85214298939&doi=10.1016%2Fj.ejrh.2024.102164&partnerID=40&md5=2caab544c40054c049803a7ee937bb1b

AFFILIATIONS: Ministry of Emergency Management of China, Beijing, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Compound and Chained Natural Hazards Dynamics, Ministry of Emergency Management of China, Beijing, Beijing, China; School of Engineering and Technology, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Study region: This study focuses on the Tangjiashan landslide-dammed lake (TJSLL), located in Beichuan County, Sichuan Province, China, which experienced a large outburst flood (OF) following the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake. The region is characterized by complex river channels and steep terrain, which significantly influenced flood dynamics. Study focus: The research aims to establish a comprehensive numerical model combining a single-dam breach model and a two-dimensional unsteady flow hydraulic model to simulate the breach process and downstream flood propagation. The study analyzes the dynamics of the Tangjiashan landslide-dammed lake outburst flood (LLOF), emphasizing flood characteristics, inundation extent, and the role of artificial drainage in mitigating flood impacts. New hydrological insights for the region: The results reveal that the peak discharges of the LLOF were 6610–6872 m³ /s, with an estimated uncertainty bound of 5500–8000 m3/s (mean value: 6750 m3/s), which is very close to the measured value of 6500 m³ /s. The proposed numerical simulations highlight significant variations in OF dynamics across different terrain types, with narrow sections experiencing faster flood progression and higher water depths. The importance of artificial drainage for mitigating flood severity is emphasized, and the findings underline the necessity of considering terrain heterogeneity and sediment transport in future flood risk assessments. This work provides valuable insights for emergency management of landslide-dammed lakes in similar regions. © 2025 The Authors
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Dam-breach process simulation; Flood risk assessment; Landslide dam; Landslide-dammed lake outburst flood (LLOF); Numerical model; Tangjiashan landslide-dammed lake (TJSLL)
REFERENCES: Ghana Soc Sci J, (2021); 
Benito, Gerardo, Catastrophic glacial-lake outburst flooding of the Patagonian Ice Sheet, Earth-Science Reviews, 200, (2020); 
Benito, Gerardo, Paleoflood hydrology: reconstructing rare events and extreme flood discharges, pp. 33-83, (2023); 
undefined, (2016); 
US Army Corps Eng Hydraul Eng Cent Davis Calif, (2020); 
undefined, (2021); 
Buono, Elia, The advancing wave front on a sloping channel covered by a rod canopy following an instantaneous dam break, Physics of Fluids, 36, 5, (2024); 
Cao, Zhixian, Shallow water hydrodynamic models for hyperconcentrated sediment-laden floods over erodible bed, Advances in Water Resources, 29, 4, pp. 546-557, (2006); 
Capart, Hervé, Analytical solutions for gradual dam breaching and downstream river flooding, Water Resources Research, 49, 4, pp. 1968-1987, (2013); 
Carey, Mark, Living and dying with glaciers: People's historical vulnerability to avalanches and outburst floods in Peru, Global and Planetary Change, 47, 2-4 SPEC. ISS., pp. 122-134, (2005)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Lv, J., He, X., Bao, Y., Li, H.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Lv, Jiaorong (59055277700); He, Xiubin (12344588300); Bao, Yuhai (57214924430); Li, Hong (57904991700)
59055277700; 12344588300; 57214924430; 57904991700
Spatiotemporal pattern of post-earthquake vegetation recovery in a mountainous catchment in southwestern China
(2025) Natural Hazards, 121 (3), pp. 3023 - 3046, Cited 4 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11069-024-06918-1
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85204428996&doi=10.1007%2Fs11069-024-06918-1&partnerID=40&md5=becdfef6a974537586ba3ad16ef46a6b

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Major earthquakes in mountainous areas usually exert negative impacts on vegetation cover and growth due the numerous coseismic landslides. However, understanding of the duration of these impacts and spatiotemporal dynamics of vegetation recovery dominated by environmental factors remains limited. The present study aimed to investigate the spatiotemporal dynamics of natural vegetation restoration and associated mechanisms in a mountainous basin in southwestern China after the 2008 Wenchuan Ms 8.0 earthquake. The results showed that the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) substantially decreased from 0.70 to 0.47 after the earthquake and then gradually increased at an average rate of 0.020 yr− 1. By 2023, vegetation had been restored to its pre-earthquake levels in 84.9% of the total area. And 15.1% of the land remains unrecovered, with 11.7% covered by landslide slump mass. Approximately 4.16% of the entire basin is projected to recover in the future (θ<inf>slope</inf> > 0, H > 0.5) over a seven-year period. Elevation was the most crucial factor influencing both the damage and recovery of vegetation in the basin, followed by landslide slump mass and soil type. The overall vegetation recovery potential is limited, with an average vegetation restoration potential index (VRPI) of 0.21 in 2023. Notably, 11.2% of the basin exhibited a VRPI > 0.4, mainly situated in the northernmost part, characterized by high altitude (> 3000 m), carbonate–cinnamon soil, and dense distribution of landslide slump mass. The results indicate that natural vegetation has a robust capacity for recovery, albeit hindered by active landslides and fragile high-altitude habitats, where human intervention should be implemented. The results provide valuable information to guide future vegetation restoration planning and layout in Wenchuan earthquake-stricken areas. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2024.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Landslide; Mountainous river basin; NDVI; Vegetation recovery; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: altitude; catchment; coseismic process; earthquake magnitude; earthquake mechanism; environmental factor; landslide; mountain region; mountain stream; NDVI; regrowth; river basin; Sichuan earthquake 2008; spatiotemporal analysis; China
REFERENCES: Ahmad, Adeel, Exploring vegetation trends and restoration possibilities in Pakistan by using Hurst exponent, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 30, 40, pp. 91915-91928, (2023); 
Chen, Huai, Aftermath of the wenchuan earthquake, Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 7, 2, (2009); 
Chen, Ming, Temporal and spatial differentiation in the surface recovery of post-seismic landslides in Wenchuan earthquake-affected areas, Ecological Informatics, 64, (2021); 
Chen, Ming, Changes of surface recovery at coseismic landslides and their driving factors in the Wenchuan earthquake-affected area, Catena, 210, (2022); 
Chou, Wen Chieh, Vegetation recovery patterns assessment at landslides caused by catastrophic earthquake: A case study in central Taiwan, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 152, 1-4, pp. 245-257, (2009); 
Cui, Peng, Destruction of vegetation due to geo-hazards and its environmental impacts in the Wenchuan earthquake areas, Ecological Engineering, 44, pp. 61-69, (2012); 
Fang, Jingyun Gang, Changes in forest biomass carbon storage in China between 1949 and 1998, Science, 292, 5525, pp. 2320-2322, (2001); 
Fokeng, Reeves M., Landsat NDVI-based vegetation degradation dynamics and its response to rainfall variability and anthropogenic stressors in Southern Bui Plateau, Cameroon, Geosystems and Geoenvironment, 1, 3, (2022); 
Shi, Fusun, Effects of different types of vegetation recovery on runoff and soil erosion on a Wenchuan earthquake-triggered landslide, China, Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 68, 2, pp. 138-145, (2013); 
Gan, Binrui, Temporal and Spatial Evolution of Vegetation Coverage in the Mianyuan River Basin Influenced by Strong Earthquake Disturbance, Scientific Reports, 9, 1, (2019)
PUBLISHER: Springer Science and Business Media B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wang, X., Zhang, W., Cai, J., Wang, X., Wu, Z., Fan, J., Yao, Y., Deng, B.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wang, Xiaomeng (59426201100); Zhang, Wenjun (57192388556); Cai, Jialun (57210947398); Wang, Xiaowen (55790720900); Wu, Zhouhang (59197830400); Fan, Jing (59197830300); Yao, Yitong (59426783400); Deng, Binlin (59507110300)
59426201100; 57192388556; 57210947398; 55790720900; 59197830400; 59197830300; 59426783400; 59507110300
Characterizing Surface Deformation of the Earthquake-Induced Daguangbao Landslide by Combining Satellite- and Ground-Based InSAR
(2025) Sensors, 25 (1), art. no. 66, Cited 2 times.
DOI: 10.3390/s25010066
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85214485121&doi=10.3390%2Fs25010066&partnerID=40&md5=32c6e7c29d10f9990e2719b8eb25dac7

AFFILIATIONS: School of Environment and Resource, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, China; The National Remote Sensing Center of China, Mianyang, Sichuan, China; Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: The Daguangbao landslide (DGBL), triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, is a rare instance of super-giant landslides globally. The post-earthquake evolution of the DGBL has garnered significant attention in recent years; however, its deformation patterns remain poorly characterized owing to the complex local topography. In this study, we present the first observations of the surface dynamics of DGBL by integrating satellite- and ground-based InSAR data complemented by kinematic interpretation using a LiDAR-derived Digital Surface Model (DSM). The results indicate that the maximum line-of-sight (LOS) displacement velocity obtained from satellite InSAR is approximately 80.9 mm/year between 1 January 2021, and 30 December 2023, with downslope displacement velocities ranging from −60.5 mm/year to 69.5 mm/year. Ground-based SAR (GB-SAR) enhances satellite observations by detecting localized apparent deformation at the rear edge of the landslide, with LOS displacement velocities reaching up to 1.5 mm/h. Our analysis suggests that steep and rugged terrain, combined with fragile and densely jointed lithology, are the primary factors contributing to the ongoing deformation of the landslide. The findings of this study demonstrate the effectiveness of combining satellite- and ground-based InSAR systems, highlighting their complementary role in interpreting complex landslide deformations. © 2024 by the authors.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Daguangbao landslide; downslope displacement transformation; ground-based radar (GB-SAR); interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR)
INDEX KEYWORDS: Earthquake effects; Geomorphology; Hydrogeology; Tropics; Daguangbao landslides; Displacement transformation; Displacement velocity; Downslope; Downslope displacement transformation; Ground based; Ground based radar; Ground-based radar; Interferometric synthetic aperture radar; Interferometric synthetic aperture radars; Lithology; article; controlled study; earthquake; female; human; landslide; male; topography; velocity
REFERENCES: Huang, Runqiu, Post-earthquake landsliding and long-term impacts in the Wenchuan earthquake area, China, Engineering Geology, 182, PB, pp. 111-120, (2014); 
Marc, Odin, A seismologically consistent expression for the total area and volume of earthquake-triggered landsliding, Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 121, 4, pp. 640-663, (2016); 
Huang, Runqiu, Analysis of the geo-hazards triggered by the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake, China, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 68, 3, pp. 363-371, (2009); 
Cui, Fangpeng, Dynamic response of the Daguangbao landslide triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake with a composite hypocenter, Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk, 12, 1, pp. 2170-2193, (2021); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2011); 
Chen, Qiang, Quantification of mass wasting volume associated with the giant landside Daguangbao induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake from persistent scatterer InSAR, Remote Sensing of Environment, 152, pp. 125-135, (2014); 
Dai, Keren, Monitoring activity at the Daguangbao mega-landslide (China) using Sentinel-1 TOPS time series interferometry, Remote Sensing of Environment, 186, pp. 501-513, (2016); 
J Geod Geodyn, (2021); 
Luo, Xingjun, Analysis of the Decadal Kinematic Characteristics of the Daguangbao Landslide Using Multiplatform Time Series InSAR Observations After the Wenchuan Earthquake, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 125, 12, (2020); 
Carlà, Tommaso, Combination of GNSS, satellite InSAR, and GBInSAR remote sensing monitoring to improve the understanding of a large landslide in high alpine environment, Geomorphology, 335, pp. 62-75, (2019)
PUBLISHER: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS; GREEN ACCEPTED OPEN ACCESS; GREEN OPEN ACCESS

Lu, H., Tanyas, H., Li, W., Xu, Q., Van Westen, C.J., Lombardo, L.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Lu, Huiyan (57202044909); Tanyas, Hakan (55631635400); Li, Weile (25936551300); Xu, Qiang (59344927200); Van Westen, Cees J. (6701664942); Lombardo, Luigi (55270100100)
57202044909; 55631635400; 25936551300; 59344927200; 6701664942; 55270100100
Seismic and environmental controls on slow-moving landslides: Insights from the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake
(2025) Engineering Geology, 344, art. no. 107865, Cited 3 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107865
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85211743515&doi=10.1016%2Fj.enggeo.2024.107865&partnerID=40&md5=d2340d132bcac5abe7f1264cf01b07c4

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation – ITC, Enschede, Overijssel, Netherlands
ABSTRACT: Earthquakes can initiate slow-moving landslides and cause them to transition into rapid failures. Although observations are limited, the literature suggests that strong earthquakes are more likely to trigger nearby failures, while smaller earthquakes may increase susceptibility. However, understanding the role of seismic disturbances requires considering other environmental conditions. This study focuses on the 2008 M<inf>w</inf> 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake, using a data-driven multivariate approach to analyze slow-moving landslides. Our findings highlight topographic relief, road proximity, river distance, average monthly precipitation, lithology, and distance to the earthquake surface rupture as key factors. While the distance to the surface rupture is inversely related to landslide occurrence, it is the least influential variable, suggesting that most slow-moving landslides near the rupture may not have failed during the earthquake. Our finding also suggests that persistent disturbances from road networks may be as significant as the impact of a strong earthquake in influencing the existence of slow-moving landslides. © 2024 The Author(s)
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Anthropogenic impact; Data-driven model; Earthquake; Slow-moving landslides; Wenchuan
INDEX KEYWORDS: Earthquakes; Jurassic; Lithology; Miocene; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Anthropogenic impacts; Data-driven model; Environmental control; Seismic control; Slow-moving landslide; Small earthquakes; Strong earthquakes; Surface ruptures; Wenchuan; Landslides; anthropogenic source; earthquake event; environmental assessment; landslide; seismic response; China; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Agliardi, Federico, Slow-to-fast transition of giant creeping rockslides modulated by undrained loading in basal shear zones, Nature Communications, 11, 1, (2020); 
Agostinelli, Claudio, Robust stepwise regression, Journal of Applied Statistics, 29, 6, pp. 825-840, (2002); 
Akaike, Hirotsugu, A New Look at the Statistical Model Identification, IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, 19, 6, pp. 716-723, (1974); 
Alvioli, Massimiliano, Automatic delineation of geomorphological slope units with r.slopeunits v1.0 and their optimization for landslide susceptibility modeling, Geoscientific Model Development, 9, 11, pp. 3975-3991, (2016); 
Ambraseys, Nicholas N., Earthquake induced displacements of slopes, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 14, 1, pp. 59-71, (1995); 
Bontemps, Noélie, Rain and small earthquakes maintain a slow-moving landslide in a persistent critical state, Nature Communications, 11, 1, (2020); 
Brain, Matthew J., The control of earthquake sequences on hillslope stability, Geophysical Research Letters, 44, 2, pp. 865-872, (2017); 
Cai, Jiehua, Detection and characterization of slow-moving landslides in the 2017 Jiuzhaigou earthquake area by combining satellite SAR observations and airborne Lidar DSM, Engineering Geology, 305, (2022); 
Cao, Yunmeng, Slow-Moving Landslides Triggered by the 2016 Mw 7.8 Kaikōura Earthquake, New Zealand: A New InSAR Phase-Gradient Based Time-Series Approach, Geophysical Research Letters, 50, 4, (2023); 
Carrara, Alberto, GIS techniques and statistical models in evaluating landslide hazard, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 16, 5, pp. 427-445, (1991)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; HYBRID GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Belvederesi, G., Tanyas, H., Lipani, A., Dahal, A., Lombardo, L.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Belvederesi, Gabriele (59368033700); Tanyas, Hakan (55631635400); Lipani, Aldo (56342379600); Dahal, Ashok (56816880800); Lombardo, Luigi (55270100100)
59368033700; 55631635400; 56342379600; 56816880800; 55270100100
Distribution-agnostic landslide hazard modelling via Graph Transformers
(2025) Environmental Modelling and Software, 183, art. no. 106231, Cited 1 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.envsoft.2024.106231
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85206492378&doi=10.1016%2Fj.envsoft.2024.106231&partnerID=40&md5=3483bccc45db0085d3edc2f28ea8bb8b

AFFILIATIONS: UCL Engineering, London, United Kingdom; Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation – ITC, Enschede, Overijssel, Netherlands
ABSTRACT: In statistical applications, choosing a suitable data distribution or likelihood that matches the nature of the response variable is required. To spatially predict the planimetric area of a landslide population, the most tested likelihood corresponds to the Log-Gaussian case. This causes a limitation that hinders the ability to accurately model both very small and very large landslides, with the latter potentially leading to a dangerous underestimation of the hazard. Here, we test a distribution-agnostic solution via a Graph Transformer Neural Network (GTNN) and implement a loss function capable of forcing the model to capture both the bulk and the right tail of the landslide area distribution. An additional problem with this type of data-driven hazard assessment is that one often excludes slopes with landslide areas equal to zero from the regression procedure, as this may bias the prediction towards small values. Due to the nature of GTNNs, we present a solution where all the landslide area information is passed to the model, as one would expect for architectures built for image analysis. The results are promising, with the landslide area distribution generated by the Wenchuan earthquake being suitably estimated, including both zeros, the bulk and the extremely large cases. We consider this a step forward in the landslide hazard modelling literature, with implications for what the scientific community could achieve in light of a future space–time and/or risk assessment extension of the current protocol. © 2024 The Authors
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Graph neural network; Landslide size extremes; SERA loss function; Transformer neural network
INDEX KEYWORDS: Distribution transformers; Graph neural networks; Landslides; Neural network models; Risk assessment; Data distribution; Hazard modeling; Landslide areas; Landslide hazard; Landslide size extreme; Loss functions; Neural-networks; SERA loss function; Transformer neural network; Digital elevation model; artificial neural network; earthquake; hazard assessment; image analysis; landslide; regression analysis
REFERENCES: Al-Thuwaynee, Omar F., DEWS: A QGIS tool pack for the automatic selection of reference rain gauges for landslide-triggering rainfall thresholds, Environmental Modelling and Software, 162, (2023); 
Alin, Aylin, Multicollinearity, Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Computational Statistics, 2, 3, pp. 370-374, (2010); 
Alvioli, Massimiliano, Parameter-free delineation of slope units and terrain subdivision of Italy, Geomorphology, 358, (2020); 
Alvioli, Massimiliano, Geomorphological slope units of the Himalayas, Journal of Maps, 18, 2, pp. 300-313, (2022); 
Alvioli, Massimiliano, Automatic delineation of geomorphological slope units with r.slopeunits v1.0 and their optimization for landslide susceptibility modeling, Geoscientific Model Development, 9, 11, pp. 3975-3991, (2016); 
Amato, Gabriele, Data–driven classification of landslide types at a national scale by using Artificial Neural Networks, International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 104, (2021); 
Amatulli, Giuseppe, Data Descriptor: A suite of global, cross-scale topographic variables for environmental and biodiversity modeling, Scientific Data, 5, (2018); 
Bakka, Haakon Christopher, Spatial modeling with R-INLA: A review, Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Computational Statistics, 10, 6, (2018); 
Outliers in Statistical Data, (1994); 
Beer, Tom, Horton's Laws and the fractal nature of streams, Water Resources Research, 29, 5, pp. 1475-1487, (1993)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier Ltd
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; HYBRID GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Zakaria, G., Bensaïbi, B.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zakaria, Ghribi (60191183600); Bensaïbi, Mahmoud (6508212382)
60191183600; 6508212382
Comprehensive Seismic Vulnerability Assessment of Tunnels: Application of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) in Algeria
(2025) Indian Geotechnical Journal, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s40098-025-01434-w
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-105021531537&doi=10.1007%2Fs40098-025-01434-w&partnerID=40&md5=4efcd51d87cd211cf2718fd9633336d8

AFFILIATIONS: LTPiTE Laboratory, École Nationale Supérieure des Travaux Publics (ENSTP), Kouba, Algiers, Algeria
ABSTRACT: The seismic vulnerability of underground infrastructure, particularly tunnels, is a critical concern due to the potentially severe impacts of earthquake-induced damage on essential transportation networks. In seismically active regions such as Algeria, systematic evaluation of tunnel vulnerability is essential to ensure structural safety and operational resilience. This study presents a structured vulnerability assessment framework based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), integrating geotechnical, structural, and seismic parameters within a hierarchical decision-making model. The approach introduces a tailored classification index for tunnels in Algeria, combining empirical data, expert judgment, and AHP-derived weightings to categorize tunnels into risk levels. Results indicate that geotechnical parameters—particularly ground conditions and landslide susceptibility—exert a dominant influence, while structural and seismic parameters provide complementary insights for risk stratification. Validation against observed tunnel damage from the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake confirms the methodology’s accuracy. The proposed framework offers a robust tool to inform seismic design standards, tunnel retrofitting strategies, and risk-informed infrastructure policy decisions. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Indian Geotechnical Society 2025.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: AHP; Earthquake; Tunnels; Vulnerability index
INDEX KEYWORDS: Analytic hierarchy process; Decision making; Earthquakes; Hierarchical systems; Seismic design; Algeria; Analytic hierarchy; Geotechnical parameters; Hierarchy process; Seismic parameters; Seismic vulnerability; Structural parameter; Underground infrastructure; Vulnerability assessments; Vulnerability index; Tunnels
REFERENCES: Abate, Glenda, Effect of soil heterogeneity on seismic tunnel lining forces, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 168, (2023); 
Srivastav, Ambika, Seismic Vulnerability Assessment of Steel Fiber Reinforced Shotcrete Lined (SFRS) Tunnel: A Himalayan Case Study, Journal of the Geological Society of India, 98, 2, pp. 185-192, (2022); 
Liu, Guoguo, Seismic vulnerability of shield tunnels in interbedded soil deposits: Case study of submarine tunnel in Shantou Bay, Ocean Engineering, 286, (2023); 
Argyroudis, Sotirios A., Seismic fragility curves of shallow tunnels in alluvial deposits, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 35, pp. 1-12, (2012); 
Zhou, Longyun, Blast test and probabilistic vulnerability assessment of a shallow buried RC tunnel considering uncertainty, International Journal of Impact Engineering, 180, (2023); 
Kiani, Majid, Experimental evaluation of vulnerability for urban segmental tunnels subjected to normal surface faulting, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 89, pp. 28-37, (2016); 
Hatzigeorgiou, George D., Soil-structure interaction effects on seismic inelastic analysis of 3-D tunnels, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 30, 9, pp. 851-861, (2010); 
Geniş, Melih, Assessment of the dynamic stability of the portals of the Dorukhan tunnel using numerical analysis, International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 47, 8, pp. 1231-1241, (2010); 
Jamshidi Avanaki, Mohammad, Seismic fragility curves for vulnerability assessment of steel fiber reinforced concrete segmental tunnel linings, Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 78, pp. 259-274, (2018); 
Gokdemir, Cagri, A vulnerability assessment method to evaluate the impact of tunnel drainage on terrestrial vegetation under various atmospheric and climatic conditions, Advances in Water Resources, 147, (2021)
PUBLISHER: Springer
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: aip

3rd International Symposium on Disaster Resilience and Sustainable Development, DRSD 2023
(2025) Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 660 LNCE, Cited 0 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-105012954108&partnerID=40&md5=9c16266c1794f0a3626117f064f65628

ABSTRACT: The proceedings contain 18 papers. The special focus in this conference is on Disaster Resilience and Sustainable Development. The topics include: Assessing Vulnerability of Built Environment in Landslide-Prone Region of Raigad District, India; heatwave Vulnerability in Bangkok’s Informal Settlements: A Household Vulnerability Assessment Tool; structural and Natural Based Solution in Beach Community Perceptions; a Literature Review of Water Security Assessment Methods for Planning Critical Infrastructure; nature Based Solutions to Enhance Sustainability in Palm Oil Production; an Assessment of the Smart Resilient Development Scheme for Disaster Risk Reduction and Management: The Case of Barangay Rizal, Makati City, Metro Manila, Philippines; enhancing Climate Resilience in the Most Climate Affected Communities by Adapting Locally Suitable Techniques Through Actions Research; functionality, Effectiveness, and Shortcomings of the Command Systems Employed in the Central Government-Led Response to the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake; a Review of the Green Climate Fund and Its Implications on Sustainable Development Goals for Developing Countries; integrating Sustainable Development Goals Environmental Domain in the Environmental Impact Assessment Process; charting Sustainable Renewable Energy Policy and Technologies for Climate Resilience and Sustainability in Karachi, Pakistan’s Urban Landscape; confirmatory Factor Analysis of Climate Change Adaptation: Designing Action Plan for Agricultural Livelihood in Lower North-Eastern Region, Thailand; evaluating Sustainable Surface Water Availability in Lahore City: Factors of Climate Change and Transboundary Diversions Taken into Account; seismic and Tsunami Vulnerability Assessment of School Building in Padang City, Indonesia; a Blueprint for Climate-Resilient Urban Flood Drainage Master Planning.
PUBLISHER: Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
CONFERENCE NAME: 3rd International Symposium on Disaster Resilience and Sustainable Development, DRSD 2023
CONFERENCE DATE: 2023-12-06 through 2023-12-07
CONFERENCE LOCATION: Bangkok
CONFERENCE CODE: 334469
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference review
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Deng, Q., Xu, L., Zhang, L., Li, P., Ding, N., Chen, Q.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Deng, Qinghai (55430918200); Xu, Lulu (59349954500); Zhang, Liping (54386397500); Li, Ping (59997703900); Ding, Ning (59998580000); Chen, Qiao (44360933000)
55430918200; 59349954500; 54386397500; 59997703900; 59998580000; 44360933000
Spatio-temporal distribution evolution and factors controlling landslides in Beichuan County after Wenchuan earthquake
(2025) Acta Scientiarum - Technology, 47 (1), art. no. e70856, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.4025/actascitechnol.v47i1.70856
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-105010719131&doi=10.4025%2Factascitechnol.v47i1.70856&partnerID=40&md5=8487dd204a69191b7a053447fa2435a9

AFFILIATIONS: College of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China; Key Laboratory of Geological Safety of Coastal Urban Underground Space, Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China; Ltd., Qingdao, Shandong, China
ABSTRACT: The earthquake triggered numerous secondary geological disasters, mainly landslides, which can have considerable impact on the environment as well as people's lives in the affected region. In this research, to obtain clear understanding of the restoration level and the evolution of landslides after an earthquake as massive as the Wenchuan earthquake, Beichuan County of Sichuan Province was considered an example, and the development characteristics and the evolution of post-earthquake landslides in the affected area were studied. Using ALOS, GF-1, and ZY-3 remote sensing images and GIS technology, the development of landslides in Beichuan County over a period of 13 years (2007–2019), comprising the period before and after the Wenchuan earthquake, was analysed. The main inducing factors of landslides before and after the disaster were discussed from many aspects. After the Wenchuan earthquake, the number and the area affected by landslides in Beichuan County drastically increased. Five years after the earthquake, there was rapid recovery in the development of landslides; however, it has not fully returned to the state before the earthquake yet. Many landslides have also occurred in medium-and high-altitude areas and medium-and high-slope areas. However, as time goes on, the high-risk areas of landslides began to migrate slowly to areas with lower altitude and gentle slope. Before the earthquake, river erosion was the main cause of landslides in the study area. After the earthquake, landslides were concentrated in the southeast and central parts of this area—places with strong earthquake intensities—which was attributed to seismogenic faults. With the recovery of landslide development, river erosion became the main contributing factor again. The findings of this research can provide insights to aid disaster prevention in the Wenchuan earthquake-stricken area and the spatio-temporal evolution of landslide disaster development in earthquake-stricken areas. © 2025, Eduem - Editora da Universidade Estadual de Maringa. All rights reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Beichuan County; evolution; landslide; restoration level; Wenchuan earthquake
REFERENCES: Aditian, Aril, Comparison of GIS-based landslide susceptibility models using frequency ratio, logistic regression, and artificial neural network in a tertiary region of Ambon, Indonesia, Geomorphology, 318, pp. 101-111, (2018); 
Chen, Hongxin, A physically-based distributed cell model for predicting regional rainfall-induced shallow slope failures, Engineering Geology, 176, pp. 79-92, (2014); 
Chen, Ming, Changes of surface recovery at coseismic landslides and their driving factors in the Wenchuan earthquake-affected area, Catena, 210, (2022); 
Chen, Ming, Temporal and spatial differentiation in the surface recovery of post-seismic landslides in Wenchuan earthquake-affected areas, Ecological Informatics, 64, (2021); 
Chen, Xiaoli, Evaluation of factors controlling large earthquake-induced landslides by the Wenchuan earthquake, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 12, 12, pp. 3645-3657, (2012); 
Chen, Yulong, Development of elastic wave velocity threshold for rainfall-induced landslide prediction and early warning, Landslides, 16, 5, pp. 955-968, (2019); 
Cui, Peng, The Wenchuan Earthquake (May 12, 2008), Sichuan Province, China, and resulting geohazards, Natural Hazards, 56, 1, pp. 19-36, (2011); 
Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011); 
Deng, Qinghai, Simulating dynamic processes and hypermobility mechanisms of the Wenjiagou rock avalanche triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake using discrete element modelling, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 76, 3, pp. 923-936, (2017); 
Di Martire, Diego, A nation-wide system for landslide mapping and risk management in Italy: The second Not-ordinary Plan of Environmental Remote Sensing, International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 63, pp. 143-157, (2017)
PUBLISHER: Eduem - Editora da Universidade Estadual de Maringa
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

3rd International Symposium on Disaster Resilience and Sustainable Development, DRSD 2023
(2025) Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 623 LNCE, Cited 0 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-105010636389&partnerID=40&md5=b6b7929ad135e08e07adb159b929c077

ABSTRACT: The proceedings contain 18 papers. The special focus in this conference is on Disaster Resilience and Sustainable Development. The topics include: Assessing Vulnerability of Built Environment in Landslide-Prone Region of Raigad District, India; heatwave Vulnerability in Bangkok’s Informal Settlements: A Household Vulnerability Assessment Tool; structural and Natural Based Solution in Beach Community Perceptions; a Literature Review of Water Security Assessment Methods for Planning Critical Infrastructure; nature Based Solutions to Enhance Sustainability in Palm Oil Production; an Assessment of the Smart Resilient Development Scheme for Disaster Risk Reduction and Management: The Case of Barangay Rizal, Makati City, Metro Manila, Philippines; enhancing Climate Resilience in the Most Climate Affected Communities by Adapting Locally Suitable Techniques Through Actions Research; functionality, Effectiveness, and Shortcomings of the Command Systems Employed in the Central Government-Led Response to the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake; a Review of the Green Climate Fund and Its Implications on Sustainable Development Goals for Developing Countries; integrating Sustainable Development Goals Environmental Domain in the Environmental Impact Assessment Process; charting Sustainable Renewable Energy Policy and Technologies for Climate Resilience and Sustainability in Karachi, Pakistan’s Urban Landscape; confirmatory Factor Analysis of Climate Change Adaptation: Designing Action Plan for Agricultural Livelihood in Lower North-Eastern Region, Thailand; evaluating Sustainable Surface Water Availability in Lahore City: Factors of Climate Change and Transboundary Diversions Taken into Account; seismic and Tsunami Vulnerability Assessment of School Building in Padang City, Indonesia; a Blueprint for Climate-Resilient Urban Flood Drainage Master Planning.
PUBLISHER: Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
CONFERENCE NAME: 3rd International Symposium on Disaster Resilience and Sustainable Development, DRSD 2023
CONFERENCE DATE: 2023-12-06 through 2023-12-07
CONFERENCE LOCATION: Bangkok
CONFERENCE CODE: 334469
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference review
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

3rd International Symposium on Disaster Resilience and Sustainable Development, DRSD 2023
(2025) Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 624 LNCE, Cited 0 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-105010162745&partnerID=40&md5=083295f3be25a14ff076df7a5ccc3ded

ABSTRACT: The proceedings contain 18 papers. The special focus in this conference is on Disaster Resilience and Sustainable Development. The topics include: Assessing Vulnerability of Built Environment in Landslide-Prone Region of Raigad District, India; heatwave Vulnerability in Bangkok’s Informal Settlements: A Household Vulnerability Assessment Tool; structural and Natural Based Solution in Beach Community Perceptions; a Literature Review of Water Security Assessment Methods for Planning Critical Infrastructure; nature Based Solutions to Enhance Sustainability in Palm Oil Production; an Assessment of the Smart Resilient Development Scheme for Disaster Risk Reduction and Management: The Case of Barangay Rizal, Makati City, Metro Manila, Philippines; enhancing Climate Resilience in the Most Climate Affected Communities by Adapting Locally Suitable Techniques Through Actions Research; functionality, Effectiveness, and Shortcomings of the Command Systems Employed in the Central Government-Led Response to the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake; a Review of the Green Climate Fund and Its Implications on Sustainable Development Goals for Developing Countries; integrating Sustainable Development Goals Environmental Domain in the Environmental Impact Assessment Process; charting Sustainable Renewable Energy Policy and Technologies for Climate Resilience and Sustainability in Karachi, Pakistan’s Urban Landscape; confirmatory Factor Analysis of Climate Change Adaptation: Designing Action Plan for Agricultural Livelihood in Lower North-Eastern Region, Thailand; evaluating Sustainable Surface Water Availability in Lahore City: Factors of Climate Change and Transboundary Diversions Taken into Account; seismic and Tsunami Vulnerability Assessment of School Building in Padang City, Indonesia; a Blueprint for Climate-Resilient Urban Flood Drainage Master Planning.
PUBLISHER: Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
CONFERENCE NAME: 3rd International Symposium on Disaster Resilience and Sustainable Development, DRSD 2023
CONFERENCE DATE: 2023-12-06 through 2023-12-07
CONFERENCE LOCATION: Bangkok
CONFERENCE CODE: 334469
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference review
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wang, D., Liu, L., Luo, C., Wen, X., Li, Y., Ren, D., Tang, W.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wang, Defu (59172717000); Liu, Li (59172815700); Luo, Chao (57841999400); Wen, Xuehu (59702060700); Li, Yongxin (59172617300); Ren, Dongyu (59701886900); Tang, Wei (56461832300)
59172717000; 59172815700; 57841999400; 59702060700; 59172617300; 59701886900; 56461832300
Application of multi-source remote sensing technologies in identification and evolution mechanism analysis of creep landslides: a case study of Shibatai landslide in Wenchuan earthquake area
(2025) Frontiers in Earth Science, 13, art. no. 1498028, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.3389/feart.2025.1498028
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-105000504847&doi=10.3389%2Ffeart.2025.1498028&partnerID=40&md5=db84a98a940cc83817d0ed560bb3d11f

AFFILIATIONS: Third Institute of Geoinformation Mapping, Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Digital Cartography and Land Information Application, Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Slow-moving landslides pose significant long-term hazards in seismically active mountainous regions. However, their subtle deformation patterns and complex internal structures present challenges for accurate identification and monitoring using conventional methods. This study integrates remote sensing technologies, including InSAR, DIC, LiDAR, and UAV photogrammetry, to comprehensively analyze the Shibatai creep landslide in the Wenchuan earthquake-affected area. Results reveal that the landslide exhibits a four-stage evolution process, from initial gravity-induced creep to earthquake disturbance, rainfall influence, and multi-level sliding formation. The study identifies six secondary sliding bodies within the landslide, with the most intense deformation occurring at their boundaries. Notably, DIC and UAV technologies demonstrated superior performance in detecting significant deformation features, aligning closely with field observations. The research proposes a multi-scale, multi-technology combination strategy for landslide investigation, emphasizing the complementary nature of different remote sensing techniques. Furthermore, the study highlights the importance of focusing on main deformation areas, particularly at the boundaries of secondary blocks, for efficient field verification and monitoring. These findings provide valuable insights for refining landslide identification processes, optimizing monitoring strategies, and enhancing risk assessment in post-earthquake environments. © © 2025 Wang, Liu, Luo, Wen, Li, Ren and Tang.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: application inspiration; creep landslide; multi-source remote sensing; refined identification; Wenchuan earthquake area
INDEX KEYWORDS: earthquake event; earthquake magnitude; landslide; lidar; photogrammetry; risk assessment; seismic source; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Berardino, Paolo, A new algorithm for surface deformation monitoring based on small baseline differential SAR interferograms, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 40, 11, pp. 2375-2383, (2002); 
Bickel, Valentin Tertius, Quantitative assessment of digital image correlation methods to detect and monitor surface displacements of large slope instabilities, Remote Sensing, 10, 6, (2018); 
Le Bivic, Réjanne, Potential and limitation of SPOT-5 ortho-image correlation to investigate the cinematics of landslides: The example of "Mare à Poule d'Eau" (Réunion, France), Remote Sensing, 9, 2, (2017); 
Caporossi, Paolo, Digital image correlation (DIC) analysis of the 3 December 2013 Montescaglioso landslide (Basilicata, southern Italy): Results from a multi-dataset investigation, ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 7, 9, (2018); 
Casagli, Nicola, Landslide detection, monitoring and prediction with remote-sensing techniques, Nature Reviews Earth and Environment, 4, 1, pp. 51-64, (2023); 
Choi, Shinkyu, Multi-source remote sensing-based landslide investigation: the case of the August 7, 2020, Gokseong landslide in South Korea, Scientific Reports, 14, 1, (2024); 
Dai, Keren, Identification and evaluation of the high mountain upper slope potential landslide based on multi-source remote sensing: the Aniangzhai landslide case study, Landslides, 20, 7, pp. 1405-1417, (2023); 
Ding, Chao, Spatio-temporal error sources analysis and accuracy improvement in Landsat 8 image ground displacement measurements, Remote Sensing, 8, 11, (2016); 
Ding, Chao, Displacement history and potential triggering factors of Baige landslides, China revealed by optical imagery time series, Remote Sensing of Environment, 254, (2021); 
Dong, Xiujun, Identifying Potential Landslides on Giant Niexia Slope (China) Based on Integrated Multi-Remote Sensing Technologies, Remote Sensing, 14, 24, (2022)
PUBLISHER: Frontiers Media SA
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Jia, Z., Tao, L., Pan, J., Ren, Y., Qiu, M., Liu, J., Deng, L.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Jia, Zhibo (57221219368); Tao, Lianjin (8847751800); Pan, Jing (59445822300); Ren, Yujie (59033673600); Qiu, Mingyang (59164454500); Liu, Jiangong (59164696800); Deng, Lijia (59164955000)
57221219368; 8847751800; 59445822300; 59033673600; 59164454500; 59164696800; 59164955000
Study of seismic slope stability based on modified stabilizing piles model 基于修正抗滑桩模型的地震边坡稳定性研究
(2024) Zhendong yu Chongji/Journal of Vibration and Shock, 43 (24), pp. 14 - 23, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.13465/j.cnki.jvs.2024.24.002
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85210512251&doi=10.13465%2Fj.cnki.jvs.2024.24.002&partnerID=40&md5=0d6ae5741d707db1eaf03872d6e57f1f

AFFILIATIONS: School of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Liaoning University of Technology, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China; Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Application of stabilizing piles is the main reinforcement measure of the slope. In research, stabilizing piles are often simplified to elastic or elastic-plastic structures, which do not reflect the failure caused by shear forces and bending moments. To study the instability mechanism of the stabilized pile slope, a correction module was established, which simulated the fracture by adding the failure stage. Based on the Wenchuan earthquake investigation, the selection principle of failure criterion was analyzed. The new model was applied to the dynamic response analysis. The influence of pile failure on the slope was explored from the indexes of maximum shear force, acceleration, spectrum, and displacement. Besides, the deformation coordination relationship between piles in the three-dimensional slope was discussed under the fracture frame. The results show that: the fracture effect can be achieved by constructing and calling the correction module. The modified model has two stages. Once the internal force reaches the limit value, the anti-sliding effect of the pile disappears. The failure will cause a sudden change of acceleration, higher frequency, and greater residual displacement. The fracture sequence is the reflection of the relationship between the stabilizing piles. The neglect of pile interaction may lead to the underestimation of landslide risk. © 2024 Chinese Vibration Engineering Society. All rights reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Design optimization; Seismic loads; Slope; Stabilizing pile; Structure failure
INDEX KEYWORDS: Bending (deformation); Dynamic response; Earthquakes; Fracture; Fracture mechanics; Pile driving; Pile foundations; Seismic design; Shear stress; Slope protection; Design optimization; Elastic-plastic structures; Reinforcement measures; Seismic load; Seismic slope stabilities; Shear bending; Shear force; Slope; Stabilizing piles; Structure failure; Piles
REFERENCES: Yin, Jingke, CORRELATION ANALYSIS OF SLOPE DISPLACEMENT RESPONSE AND SEISMIC PARAMETERS DUE TO MAIN-AFTERSHOCK SEQUENCES, Gongcheng Lixue/Engineering Mechanics, 40, 3, pp. 44-53, (2023); 
Wu, Zhixuan, Study on stability influence of high slope foundation-fill interfacial excavation steps, Gongcheng Lixue/Engineering Mechanics, 36, 12, pp. 90-97, (2019); 
Xu, Ming, Analysis of seismic dynamic response and failure mode of bedding rock slope with laminated fractured structure, Yantu Lixue/Rock and Soil Mechanics, 44, 2, pp. 362-372, (2023); 
Tang, Huiming, A novel approach for determining landslide pushing force based on landslide-pile interactions, Engineering Geology, 182, PA, pp. 15-24, (2014); 
Liu, Xinrong, Investigation on dynamic response mechanism of slopes with serrated structural planes under degradation of rock mass in hydro-fluctuation belt, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 41, 12, pp. 2377-2388, (2022); 
Liu, Handong, Seismic Dynamic Response and Failure Mode of Anti-Dip Rock Slope with Weak Rock Stratum, Diqiu Kexue - Zhongguo Dizhi Daxue Xuebao/Earth Science - Journal of China University of Geosciences, 47, 12, pp. 4373-4389, (2022); 
Wang, Chuang, Shaking Table Model Test on Dynamic Response Characteristics and Failure Mechanism of Three Sections Locked Rock Slope, Diqiu Kexue - Zhongguo Dizhi Daxue Xuebao/Earth Science - Journal of China University of Geosciences, 47, 12, pp. 4428-4441, (2022); 
Tao, Zhigang, Shaking table test on the effect of NPR anchor cable on slope reinforcement under earthquake, Meitan Xuebao/Journal of the China Coal Society, 47, 9, pp. 3410-3420, (2022); 
Qu, Honglue, Model test research on the influence of ground motion parameters on the dynamic response characteristics of anchored sheet pile wall, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 42, pp. 3921-3930, (2023); 
Fu, Xiao, Shaking table test on seismic response of slopes reinforced by pile-cable retaining structure, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 36, 4, pp. 831-842, (2017)
PUBLISHER: Chinese Vibration Engineering Society
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Hua, C.-Y., Shi, F., Wei, Z.-Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Hua, Chunyu (59359603200); Shi, Feng (57202464002); Wei, Zhanyu (36112505700)
59359603200; 57202464002; 36112505700
STUDY ON THE SLIP RATE OF THE BAISHA RIVER SEGMENT IN THE YINGXIU-BEICHUAN FAULT IN THE LONGMENSHAN FAULT ZONE 龙门山断裂带映秀－北川断裂白沙河段滑动速率
(2024) Dizhen Dizhi, 46 (6), pp. 1295 - 1313, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2024.06.005
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85216296699&doi=10.3969%2Fj.issn.0253-4967.2024.06.005&partnerID=40&md5=6dd724fb251d5aca7e815f9f13c0a5a7

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratorj of Earthquahe Dynamics, China Earthquahe Administration, Beijing, China; Shanxi Taiyuan Continental Rift Dynamics National Observation and Research Station, Beijing, Shanxi, China
ABSTRACT: The tectonic belt Stretches approximately 400km from Lushan County to Wenchuan County in an east-west direction. The Longmenshan fault zone can be geometrically divided into several sections, including the Houshan Fault, the Central Fault, the Qianshan Fault, and the Foreland Basin (Chengdu Piain) Deformation Zone. The Central Fault is the main segment of the active tectonic belt in the Longmenshan region, and the Yingxiu-Beichuan Fault is one of the most active Segments within this central section. The Yingxiu-Beichuan Fault has experienced numerous moderate and strong earthquakes throughout its history, including the Wenchuan earthquake 2008. The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake was ahigh destructive natural disaster that profoundly impacted the Chinese mainland, leading to significant economic losses and casualties. This earthquake caused extensive building collapses, leading to the loss of tens of thousands of lives, and triggered severe secondary geological disasters such as landslides, rockfalls, and mudflows, severely affecting the normal Operation of transportation and communication infrastructure. The Yingxiu-Beichuan Fault was one of the key surface rupture zones during this earthquake. However, there is still some uncertainty about the slip rate of this fault.The Baisha River segment examined in this paper is located in the southern part of the Yingxiu-Beichuan Fault, measuring approximately 14km long. This area contains 14 fractures of varying lengths and complex geometric structures, forming a fracture zone that reaches a maximum width of nearly 300m. The Overall orientation of the rupture zone is about 50 degrees; however, the orientation of each small secondary rupture varies, with differences ranging from 0 to 90 degrees. The coseismic displacement along the Baisha River section displays complexity and diversity. The thrust movement primarily occurs on the northern and western walls, with some local thrust faults. Additionally, the strike-slip motion is predominantly right-lateral, exhibiting a maximum horizontal displacement of approximately 4. 8m, although some local areas show left-lateral displacement.Previous studies have employed various techniques, such as geology and geodesy, resulting in a wide ränge of slip rate estimates from 0. 07mm/a to 1. lmm/a. The slip rate of fault is a crucial factor for analyzing the characteristios of fault aotivity and for studying regional kinematics and dynamic mechanisms. Acoording to river terrace longitudinal profiles estimates, the fault has a vertical slip rate of about 0. 3mm/a to 0. 6mm/a. Estimates based on displaced landforms indicate a vertical slip rate between 0. 07mm/a and 1. lmm/a. According to GPS observations, the horizontal slip rate in the Longmenshan fault zone has a limit of 2mm/a, but the slip rate of individual faults is lower than 0. 7mm/a.In recent years, remote sensing techniques have been extensively utilized to study surfaee rupture zones, partieularly during significant seismic events. This paper primarily employs aerial and QuickBird satellite images captured before and after the earthquake. The resolution of the aerial images is nearly Im, while the QuickBird satellite images have a resolution of 0. 6m, both of which allow for precise Interpretation of tectonic landforms. Biver terraces consist of terraced Units, including terraced surfaces, steep terraces, terrace fronts, and terrace backs. As geomorphic markers that are relatively easy to identify and measure, river terraces are among the most essential geomorphic units in the quantitative study of active tectonics. They also serve as crucial geological relics documenting Quaternary tectonic movements and climate changes. By examining river terraces and their deformations, researchers can discuss the timing and Scale of tectonic activity, making this a long-term area of research.This paper focuses on the Baisha Biver section, situated in the southern part of the Yingxiu-Beichuan Fault. We employed geological and geomorphological methods along with optically stimulated luminescence dating, remote sensing Interpretation, field investigations, and data analysis to assess the slip rate of the Baisha Biver section of the Yingxiu-Beichuan Fault within the Longmenshan fault zone. Additionally, we analyze the spatio-temporal Variation characteristics of this slip rate. This study constrains the slip rate of the Baishahe segment of the Yingxiu-Beichuan Fault in the Longmenshan fault zone using 10 terrace cross-sections and terrace ages. The results indicate that the Yingxiu-Beichuan Fault Baisha Biver segment has a vertical slip rate since the Late Pleistocene ranges from (0. 10±0. 02)mm/a to (0. 30±0. 05) mm/a. Considering that only one event, the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, is associated with the Tl terrace, we believe the calculated rate based on the dislocation and age of the Tl terrace may significantly deviate from reality. If we exclude the sliding rate of the Tl terrace, the vertical slip rate since the late Quaternary ranges between (0. 10± 0. 03) mm/a and (0. 30±0. 05) mm/a. The linear fitting results indicate that the average vertical sliding rate since the late Quaternary is approximately 0. 19mm/a.These findings provide fundamental data for understanding the seismogenic structure of the Wenchuan earthquake and the Overall characteristics of the Longmenshan fault zone, as well as for assessing its long-term seismic hazard. © 2024 State Seismology Administration. All rights reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Baisha Biver segment; Longmenshan fault zone; slip rates; Yingxiu-Beichuan Fault
INDEX KEYWORDS: Earthquake engineering; Fault slips; Geochronology; Levees; Radio navigation; Strike-slip faults; Structural geology; Active tectonics; Baisha biver segment; Longmenshan fault zone; River segments; River terraces; Rupture zone; Slip rates; Tectonic belts; Wenchuan Earthquake; Yingxiu-beichuan fault; Earthquakes; basement (building); climate change; dislocation; displacement; earthquake event; earthquake rupture; fault zone; fracture zone; GPS; luminescence dating; natural disaster; Pleistocene; Quaternary; QuickBird; remote sensing; river terrace; slip rate; China; Longmenshan Fault Zone; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Quaternary Sciences, (1998); 
Deng, Qidong, Some thoughts on the Ms 8.0 Wenchuan, Sichuan earthquake, Dizhen Dizhi, 30, 4, pp. 811-827, (2008); 
Seismology and Geology, (1994); 
Scientia Geologica Sinica, (1973); 
An Introduction to the Dynamics of Lithosphere in China, (1991); 
Fu, Bihong, Spatial characteristics of the surface rupture produced by the M s8. 0 wenchuan earthquake using high-resolution remote sensing imagery, Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition), 82, 12, pp. 1679-1687, (2008); 
He, Honglin, Some problems of aerial photo interpretation in active fault mapping, Dizhen Dizhi, 33, 4, pp. 938-950, (2011); 
He, Honglin, Rupture of the MS8.0 Wenchuan earthquake along Baishahe River, Dizhen Dizhi, 30, 3, pp. 658-673, (2008); 
Geological Journal of China Universities, (2003); 
Jia, Qiupeng, Active tectonics in the Longmen thrust belt to the eastern Qinghai-Tibetan plateau and Sichuan Basin: Evidence from topography and seismicity, Scientia Geologica Sinica, 42, 1, pp. 31-44, (2007)
PUBLISHER: State Seismology Administration
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Liu, D., Xiang, Q., Sang, X., Zhang, S., Yang, H.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Liu, Dunlong (56298155700); Xiang, Qian (59488368100); Sang, Xuejia (57191842697); Zhang, Shaojie (35249906100); Yang, Hongjuan (55545920200)
56298155700; 59488368100; 57191842697; 35249906100; 55545920200
Landslide susceptibility prediction method based on HSOM and IABPA-CNN in Wenchuan earthquake disaster area
(2024) Journal of Mountain Science, 21 (12), pp. 4001 - 4018, Cited 6 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11629-024-8971-7
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85213230852&doi=10.1007%2Fs11629-024-8971-7&partnerID=40&md5=13a6bb871aa74d80f829d0e528fd2694

AFFILIATIONS: College of Software Engineering, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Landslide susceptibility prediction assesses the likelihood of landslides occurring in specific areas, providing crucial scientific support for mitigating the threat to people’s lives and property posed by landslide disasters. To address the challenges in the existing landslide susceptibility prediction methods, such as insufficient representativeness of selected non-landslide points, limited ability to capture nonlinear relationships, and a tendency to fall into local optima, the traditional Self-Organizing Maps (SOM) is improved in this paper by using a hierarchical approach to form Hierarchical Self-Organizing Maps (HSOM), and a model integrating the Information Value (IV), Adaptive Bat Precise Algorithm (ABPA), and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is proposed, termed IABPA–CNN. Evaluation factors such as topography, basic geology and hydrometeorology were selected with the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake-hit disaster area as the study area. The data were preprocessed, Pearson correlation coefficient, tolerance (TOL), and variance inflation factor (VIF) were employed to assess the correlation among all the factors. Subsequently, the information value for each evaluation factor’s classification was calculated, thereby establishing a high-quality sample dataset, which was input into the IABPA-CNN model and IV-CNN model (contrast model), respectively. The Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve was used to compare and analyze the accuracy and performance. The Area Under Curve (AUC) values for the two models is 0.89 and 0.85, respectively, indicating that the IABPA–CNN model has higher predictive accuracy. Compared with the IV-CNN model, the proportion of landslides predicted by the IABPA-CNN model in the high susceptibility and very high susceptibility area increased to 28.18% and 30.76%, respectively. Although the area proportions of very low susceptibility and low susceptibility area increased, the proportion of landslides quantity decreased. Furthermore, Monte Carlo method was employed to analyze the uncertainty of IABPA-CNN model, and average variance of 0.0083, which indicates that the model has high reliability in landslide susceptibility prediction. Therefore, the research results in this study provide a reliable scientific basis for the work of landslide disaster prevention and mitigation in Wenchuan earthquake disaster area. © Science Press, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, CAS and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Bat algorithm; Convolutional neural network; Information value; Landslide; Monte Carlo; Susceptibility
INDEX KEYWORDS: accuracy assessment; algorithm; artificial neural network; earthquake event; landslide; Monte Carlo analysis; prediction
REFERENCES: Ado, Moziihrii, Landslide Susceptibility Mapping Using Machine Learning: A Literature Survey, Remote Sensing, 14, 13, (2022); 
Hammad Khaliq, Ahmad, Spatiotemporal landslide susceptibility mapping using machine learning models: A case study from district Hattian Bala, NW Himalaya, Pakistan, Ain Shams Engineering Journal, 14, 3, (2023); 
S China J Seismol, (2024); 
Braun, Tracy D., Taxonomy for describing matching and scheduling heuristics for mixed-machine heterogeneous computing systems, Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on Reliable Distributed Systems, pp. 330-335, (1998); 
Bukhari, Moeen Hamid, Community perceptions of landslide risk and susceptibility: a multi-country study, Landslides, 20, 6, pp. 1321-1334, (2023); 
Carrara, Alberto, GIS techniques and statistical models in evaluating landslide hazard, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 16, 5, pp. 427-445, (1991); 
Chen, Wei, Combining evolutionary algorithms and machine learning models in landslide susceptibility assessments, Remote Sensing, 12, 23, pp. 1-26, (2020); 
Chinese Journal of Geophys, (2012); 
Criacao De Clusters De Clientes De Um Banco Atraves do Self Organizing Maps Hierarquico Comparacao Entre Hsom E Som, (2013); 
Du, Guoliang, Formation mechanism analysis of Wulipo landslide-debris flow in Dujiangyan city, Yantu Lixue/Rock and Soil Mechanics, 37, pp. 493-501, (2016)
PUBLISHER: Science Press
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Peng, J., Matsushi, Y., Matsuzaki, H.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Peng, Jiajun (59348785100); Matsushi, Yuki (6506040704); Matsuzaki, Hiroyuki (57194061597)
59348785100; 6506040704; 57194061597
Role of coseismic bedrock landslides in the landscape evolution of high-relief mountainous terrain: Insights from detrital 10Be dilution modeling
(2024) Geomorphology, 466, art. no. 109432, Cited 1 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2024.109432
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85205300498&doi=10.1016%2Fj.geomorph.2024.109432&partnerID=40&md5=13bdeef9d69efd2b5a886ec7514f19b4

AFFILIATIONS: Graduate School of Science, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan; Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Uji, Kyoto, Japan; Micro Analysis Laboratory, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
ABSTRACT: Episodic landslides supply vast quantities of debris from hillslopes to channels, resulting in the dilution of cosmogenic nuclides in fluvial sediment. This study revisited the nuclide dilution concept and proposed a novel model framework to quantify landslide-derived sediment yields to interpret the responses of entire landscape systems to tectonic forcing in an active orogen. The model was applied to datasets of detrital 10Be concentrations obtained from the Minjiang catchment in the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, where the impacts of coseismic landslides were documented during the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. Presumable model parameters were evaluated through multifaceted geospatial analyses by adopting the normalized channel steepness index as a proxy for background denudation rate, which was then converted to the corresponding nuclide concentration; the fluvial channel geometry was adopted for evaluating pre-event fluvial sediment storage. The scaling factors for quantifying the landslide debris influx were obtained via inversion of the diluted 10Be concentrations and corresponding landslide inventory to verify the feasibility of the model. The calibrated model was then applied at the regional scale to evaluate the long-term net denudation of the hillslopes with a certain earthquake recurrence interval. The resulting spatial distribution of increased denudation is consistent with very-long-term exhumation rates derived from low-temperature thermochronology, implying the critical role of coseismic landslides in mass removal from hillslopes to counterbalance long-term tectonic uplift. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Coseismic landslides; Detrital 10Be; Episodic sediment yield; Landslide inventory; Long-term net denudation; Nuclide dilution
INDEX KEYWORDS: bedrock; beryllium; coseismic process; denudation; dilution; exhumation; fluvial geomorphology; hillslope; landscape evolution; landslide; modeling; sediment yield; spatial distribution; terrain; China; Qinghai-Xizang Plateau
REFERENCES: American Journal of Science, (1970); 
Ansberque, Claire, Denudation pattern across the Longriba fault system and implications for the geomorphological evolution of the eastern Tibetan margin, Geomorphology, 246, pp. 542-557, (2015); 
Ansberque, Claire, Differential Exhumation Across the Longriba Fault System: Implications for the Eastern Tibetan Plateau, Tectonics, 37, 2, pp. 663-679, (2018); 
Attal, Mikaël, Linkage between sediment transport and supply in mountain rivers, pp. 329-353, (2017); 
Bierman, Paul Robert, Estimating rates of denudation using cosmogenic isotope abundances in sediment, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 21, 2, pp. 125-139, (1996); 
Bierman, Paul Robert, Using in situ produced cosmogenic isotopes to estimate rates of landscape evolution: a review from the geomorphic perspective, Journal of Geophysical Research, 99, B7, pp. 13-896, (1994); 
Braucher, Régis, Production of cosmogenic radionuclides at great depth: A multi element approach, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 309, 1-2, pp. 1-9, (2011); 
Brown, Erik Thorson, Denudation rates determined from the accumulation of in situ-produced 10Be in the luquillo experimental forest, Puerto Rico, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 129, 1-4, pp. 193-202, (1995); 
Burbank, Douglas W., Bedrock incision, rock uplift and threshold hillslopes in the northwestern Himalayas, Nature, 379, 6565, pp. 505-510, (1996); 
Burchfiel, B. Clark, Tectonics of the Longmen Shan and Adjacent Regions, Central China, International Geology Review, 37, 8, pp. 661-735, (1995)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Li, H., Chang, M., Tang, L., Wang, G., Li, L., Xia, Z., Zhu, X., Ni, Z.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Li, Hongjie (59458550900); Chang, Ming (36727157900); Tang, Liangliang (57764447300); Wang, Gaofneg (59529374300); Li, Linze (59137895700); Xia, Zhe (59529225800); Zhu, Xisong (59225922200); Ni, Zhang (57868245000)
59458550900; 36727157900; 57764447300; 59529374300; 59137895700; 59529225800; 59225922200; 57868245000
Potential chain disaster evolution process of debris flow blockage and dam failure floods in the Bailong River basin 白龙江流域潜在泥石流堵江 -溃决洪水链式灾害演进过程
(2024) Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology, 43 (6), pp. 196 - 211, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20240168
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85216091444&doi=10.19509%2Fj.cnki.dzkq.tb20240168&partnerID=40&md5=bb8679b690e9f3c581b32a0e43e17b22

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Center For Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology Survey,CGS, 保定市, China
ABSTRACT: [Objective] In the aftermath of the " 5. 12" Wenchuan earthquake, the frequency of chain disasters, precipitated by debris flow blockages and subsequent breaching floods, significantly increased in the Bailong River basin. The region′s distinctive geological conditions, characterized by numerous towns situated on canyon terraces and debris flow accumulation fans, further exacerbate its susceptibility to such chain disasters. This study aims to investigate the potential risks associated with debris flow blockages and flood chain disasters in the Bailong River basin, with a specific focus on the Zhaizi gully debris flow in Bailong River basin, Zhouqu County, Gansu Province. The objective is to elucidate the disaster-breeding characteristics, disaster-inducing conditions, and evolution patterns of the Zhaizi gully debris flow chain disaster, while also delineating the threat range posed by these chain disasters. [Methods] Through remote sensing interpretation and field surveys, a comprehensive database encompassing the topography, geomorphology, and material sources of the Zhaizi gully debris flow was established. This facilitated the identification of the development characteristics and various physical and mechanical parameters of the debris flow. Using the FLO-2D and HEC-RAS models, numerical simulations were performed under different rainfall frequencies (P = 1%, 2%), yielding key parameters such as depth, flow velocity, and the threat range of the debris flow and breaching floods. These parameters facilitated the analysis of hazard intensity and potential risks associated with debris flows and breaching floods. [ Results] Under a 100-year rainfall frequency, the maximum flow velocity of the Zhaizi gully debris flow can reach 11. 96 m / s. The average thickness of the debris dam formed is approximately 10 m, leading to complete blockage of the Bailong River and the formation of a dammed lake with a capacity of 6. 26 km3. The evolution of the breaching flood lasts approximately 12 hours, with the peak flow occurring about 30 minutes after breach. The impact range of the breaching flood extends from the downstream area of Fengdie Town in Zhouqu County, Gannan, along the main stream of the Bailong River, to the upstream section of Jigan Township in Wudu District, Longnan City, covering an area of 56. 36 km2 and spanning a distance of approximately 97. 4 km. Based on the simulation results, a preliminary discussion was conducted on a comprehensive risk prevention and control model for basin-wide debris flow disaster chains, integrating monitoring and mitigation measures. [Conclusion] This study highlights the limitations of traditional models in flood disaster assessment and enhances the understanding of cascading hazards induced by debris flow blockages. The findings provide valuable insights for the risk assessment and engineering design of mitigation projects for similar debris flow disaster chains in the middle and lower reaches of the Bailong River basin. © Editorial Office of Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Bailong River basin; dammed lake; debris flow; disaster chain; evolving process; river blocking; Zhaizi gully; Zhouqu County, Gansu Province
REFERENCES: Wang, Gaofeng, Study on the formation mechanism and risk prediction of high-level accumulation landslides in Bailongjiang River Basin，Gansu Province, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 42, 4, pp. 1003-1018, (2023); 
Mar Geol Quat Geol, (2013); 
Xiong, Jiang, How landslide sediments are transferred out of an alpine basin: Evidence from the epicentre of the Wenchuan earthquake, Catena, 208, (2022); 
Cao, Zhixian, Computational Dam-Break Hydraulics over Erodible Sediment Bed, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 130, 7, pp. 689-703, (2004); 
Yang, Qiang, Formation conditions and the disaster modes of debris flows along middle and upper reaches of the Bailongjiang River Basin, Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control, 33, 6, pp. 70-79, (2022); 
Wang, Lei, Two multi-temporal datasets to track debris flow after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Scientific Data, 9, 1, (2022); 
Zhao, Cheng, The disaster mode of rainstorm debris flow happened in Zhouqu County on August 8, 2010, Northwestern Geology, 44, 3, pp. 63-70, (2011); 
Pang, Haisong, Hazard assessment of debris flow induced by short-time heavy rainfall based on RAMMS numerical simulation, Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology, 43, 2, pp. 215-225, (2024); 
Zeng, Peng, Parameter Back Analysis and Stability Prediction of Loess Landslide Based on NSGA-II Genetic Algorithm, Diqiu Kexue - Zhongguo Dizhi Daxue Xuebao/Earth Science - Journal of China University of Geosciences, 48, 5, pp. 1675-1685, (2023); 
Tan, Daoyuan, Numerical study of retention efficiency of a flexible barrier in mitigating granular flow comparing with large-scale physical modeling test data, Acta Geotechnica, 16, 2, pp. 433-448, (2021)
PUBLISHER: Editorial Department of Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Li, C., Wang, Y., Yuan, R.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Li, Chengqiu (58783051000); Wang, Ying (57768176800); Yuan, Renmao (7202708506)
58783051000; 57768176800; 7202708506
Distribution features and formation mechanism of landslides along the middle segment of the Yalong River, China
(2024) Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 83 (11), art. no. 436, Cited 3 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s10064-024-03953-x
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85206469698&doi=10.1007%2Fs10064-024-03953-x&partnerID=40&md5=5bd0a63174b000ce13a93746b1311b01

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Seismic and Volcanic Hazards, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing, China; National Earthquake Response Support Service, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Catastrophic landslides often occur along the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau because of strong earthquake/faults and heavy rains. In this study, 26 large-scale landslides were collected from the middle segment of the Yalong River to analyze landslide features and possible formation mechanism. The investigation results revealed that landslides featuring a linear distribution along the riverbanks can be classified into three failure types: tensile cracking-sliding, sliding-bending (crushing and buckling), and toppling. Among them, the Xiamajidian landslide at the junction area between the river and the Qianbo fault is being dangerous with obvious deformation, including different subzones and different failure types. The landslide body is delineated into three distinct zones (A, B, and C) based on different deformation features and material compositions. Among them, the Zone A with the largest deformation is dangerous, the front of which is obviously moving toward the river channel. The deformation monitoring data indicated that the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake caused only slight disturbances to the Xiamajidian landslide body, but the subsequent 2008 Ms 6.1 Huili earthquake caused the deformation to increase quickly. The distinct-element method is then used to determine the importance of strong earthquakes and heavy rainfall during landslide failure. The results suggest that the landslide may have been broken to form a large landslide event, and finally to form a large landslide dam to block the Yalong River. The results presented in this paper are helpful for disaster prevention and risk evaluation. © The Author(s) 2024.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Deformation and failure; Distribution features; Landslides; Xiamajidian large landslide; Yalong River
INDEX KEYWORDS: Bending (deformation); Buckling; Disaster prevention; Disasters; Earthquakes; Catastrophic landslides; Deformation and failures; Distribution features; Earthquake fault; Failure types; Formation mechanism; Strong earthquakes; Tibetan Plateau; Xiamajidian large landslide; Yalong river; Landslides; bending; catastrophic event; cracking (fracture); deformation; formation mechanism; landslide; sliding; spatial distribution; China; Yalong River
REFERENCES: Beck, Christian, Late Quaternary lacustrine paleo-seismic archives in north-western Alps: Examples of earthquake-origin assessment of sedimentary disturbances, Earth-Science Reviews, 96, 4, pp. 327-344, (2009); 
Biscaia, Hugo C., Cyclic performance of adhesively bonded joints using the Distinct Element Method: Damage and parametric analysis, Composites Part B: Engineering, 178, (2019); 
Bois, Thomas, Influence of major inherited faults zones on gravitational slope deformation: A two-dimensional physical modelling of the La Clapière area (Southern French Alps), Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 272, 3-4, pp. 709-719, (2008); 
Brideau, Marc André, Influence of tectonic structures on the Hope Slide, British Columbia, Canada, Engineering Geology, 80, 3-4, pp. 242-259, (2005); 
Brideau, Marc André, The role of tectonic damage and brittle rock fracture in the development of large rock slope failures, Geomorphology, 103, 1, pp. 30-49, (2009); 
Campbell, C. S., Large-scale landslide simulations: global deformation, velocities and basal friction, Journal of Geophysical Research, 100, B5, pp. 8267-8283, (1995); 
Cavallaro, Antonio, Local site amplification maps for the volcanic area of Trecastagni, south-eastern Sicily (Italy), Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 22, 4, pp. 1635-1676, (2024); 
Chen, Xiaoli, Earthquake-triggered landslides in southwest China, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 12, 2, pp. 351-363, (2012); 
Chen, Chi Wen, Modeling of earthquake-induced landslide distributions based on the active fault parameters, Engineering Geology, 303, (2022); 
Chigira, Masahiro, September 2005 rain-induced catastrophic rockslides on slopes affected by deep-seated gravitational deformations, Kyushu, southern Japan, Engineering Geology, 108, 1-2, pp. 1-15, (2009)
PUBLISHER: Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Chen, Y., Song, C., Li, Z., Yu, C., Liu, Z., Zhang, X., Chen, B., Hu, X.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Chen, Yi (57258467200); Song, Chuang (57196708253); Li, Zhenhong (58752845900); Yu, Chen (56181755800); Liu, Zhenjiang (57455019000); Zhang, Xuesong (57455018900); Chen, Bo (57454967900); Hu, Xiaoning (59220338900)
57258467200; 57196708253; 58752845900; 56181755800; 57455019000; 57455018900; 57454967900; 59220338900
Characterizing the evolution of the Daguangbao landslide nearly 15 years after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake by InSAR observations
(2024) Engineering Geology, 342, art. no. 107748, Cited 8 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107748
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85205567255&doi=10.1016%2Fj.enggeo.2024.107748&partnerID=40&md5=e55ed9cf81aedb512e3e8f949713d521

AFFILIATIONS: College of Geological Engineering and Geomatics, Chang'an University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Chang'an University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Loess, Xi'an, China; Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: The Daguangbao landslide (DGBL), the largest landslide triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, has received much attention, but its long-term post-earthquake evolution and driving force of activity are still poorly understood. As the evolutionary behavior of the DGBL is complicated by the influence of mainshock, aftershocks and rainfall, it is of great significance to study the dynamics of the landslide. In this study, a systematic and comprehensive framework for assessing the long-term stability and risk of co-seismic landslides was proposed. Based on ALOS-1 and Sentinel-1 data, time-series InSAR technology was used to reveal the nearly 15-year post-seismic evolution characteristics of the DGBL at different stages, followed by the prediction of the stabilization time, the estimation of the landslide thickness and risk assessment. The first stage was identified as three years after the earthquake (2008–2011). During this stage, ALOS-1 results show that the deformation of DGBL was intense (300 mm/year) with uneven spatial distribution, and an aftershock (Ms 5.3), along with increased rainfall, triggered its acceleration in 2009. The second stage was the period from 2014 to 2022. For this stage, we used the mass conservation approach to invert the thickness of the DGBL, revealing that a new sliding surface and thickness center had formed following the co-seismic failure in 2008. Sentinel-1 time series results indicated that the DGBL remains active even 15 years after the Wenchuan earthquake, but the deformation of DGBL has significantly slowed down (50 mm/year). The stabilization time for different segments of DGBL was predicted to range from 2027 to 2040 according to an exponential model. Beyond the overall trend of recovery, seasonal movements (including localized acceleration in 2021) closely related to rainfall remained evident, but the impact of aftershocks on the DGBL was severely weakened over time. UAV and field survey results suggested that the risk of localized debris flows at DGBL still exists. Our study improves our understanding of the long-term evolutionary pattern of DGBL and provides an important reference for post-earthquake landslide risk assessment and disaster prevention. © 2024
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Daguangbao landslide; InSAR; Landslide thickness; Post-seismic kinematics; Risk assessment; Stabilization time
INDEX KEYWORDS: Earthquakes; Jurassic; Landslides; Rain; Risk perception; Time series; Daguangbao landslides; InSAR; Landslide thickness; Localised; Post-seismic kinematic; Risks assessments; Sentinel-1; Stabilization time; Times series; Wenchuan Earthquake; Risk assessment; aftershock; kinematics; landslide; rainfall; risk assessment; Sichuan earthquake 2008; stabilization; synthetic aperture radar; China
REFERENCES: Berardino, Paolo, A new algorithm for surface deformation monitoring based on small baseline differential SAR interferograms, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 40, 11, pp. 2375-2383, (2002); 
Bontemps, Noélie, Rain and small earthquakes maintain a slow-moving landslide in a persistent critical state, Nature Communications, 11, 1, (2020); 
Booth, Adam M., Landslide velocity, thickness, and rheology from remote sensing: La Clapière landslide, France, Geophysical Research Letters, 40, 16, pp. 4299-4304, (2013); 
Cai, Jiehua, Detection and characterization of slow-moving landslides in the 2017 Jiuzhaigou earthquake area by combining satellite SAR observations and airborne Lidar DSM, Engineering Geology, 305, (2022); 
Chaussard, Estelle, Predictability of hydraulic head changes and characterization of aquifer-system and fault properties from InSAR-derived ground deformation, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 119, 8, pp. 6572-6590, (2014); 
Chen, Qiang, Quantification of mass wasting volume associated with the giant landside Daguangbao induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake from persistent scatterer InSAR, Remote Sensing of Environment, 152, pp. 125-135, (2014); 
Chen, Ming, The long-term evolution of landslide activity near the epicentral area of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China, Geomorphology, 367, (2020); 
Chen, Yi, Prediction of InSAR deformation time-series using a long short-term memory neural network, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 42, 18, pp. 6921-6944, (2021); 
Chen, Yi, Surface deformation prediction based on TS-InSAR technology and long short-term memory networks, National Remote Sensing Bulletin, 26, 7, pp. 1326-1341, (2022); 
Chen, Bo, Automatic detection of active geohazards with millimeter-to-meter-scale deformation and quantitative analysis of factors influencing spatial distribution: A case study in the Hexi corridor, China, International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 131, (2024)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Shi, Y., Zhang, Z., Xue, C., Feng, Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Shi, Yang (58978276200); Zhang, Zhenguo (55721877300); Xue, Changhu (57204512638); Feng, Yu (56395745600)
58978276200; 55721877300; 57204512638; 56395745600
Machine Learning Prediction of Co-Seismic Landslide with Distance and Azimuth Instead of Peak Ground Acceleration
(2024) Sustainability (Switzerland), 16 (19), art. no. 8332, Cited 2 times.
DOI: 10.3390/su16198332
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85206562571&doi=10.3390%2Fsu16198332&partnerID=40&md5=b3967b0e508a4da6f8828f0fd4eab66a

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Institute of Risk Analysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; State Key Laboratory of Space-Ground Integrated Information Technology, Beijing, China; School of Civil Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
ABSTRACT: Most machine learning (ML) studies on predicting co-seismic landslides have relied on Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA). The PGA of the ground strongly correlates with the relative position and azimuth of the seismogenic faults. Using the co-seismic landslide records of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, we show that the ML model using the distances and azimuths from the epicenter to sites performs better than the PGA model regarding accuracy and actual prediction results. The distances and azimuths are more accessible than the PGA because obtaining accurate and realistic large-scale PGAs is difficult. Considering their computational efficiency and cost-effectiveness, the ML models utilizing distances and azimuths from the epicenter to the sites as inputs could be an alternative to PGA-based models for evaluating the impact of co-seismic landslides. Notably, these models prove advantageous in near-real-time scenarios and settings requiring high spatial resolution, and provide favorable assistance in achieving the goal of sustainable development of society. © 2024 by the authors.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: azimuth; co-seismic landslide; distance; machine learning; PGA
INDEX KEYWORDS: earthquake epicenter; landslide; machine learning; spatiotemporal analysis; sustainable development; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Dai, Fuchu, Landslide risk assessment and management: An overview, Engineering Geology, 64, 1, pp. 65-87, (2002); 
Encyclopedia of Engineering Geology, (2018); 
Malamud, Bruce D., Landslide inventories and their statistical properties, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 29, 6, pp. 687-711, (2004); 
Dai, Fuchu, The 1786 earthquake-triggered landslide dam and subsequent dam-break flood on the Dadu River, southwestern China, Geomorphology, 65, 3-4, pp. 205-221, (2005); 
Zhou, Jia-wen, Dynamic process analysis for the formation of Yangjiagou landslide-dammed lake triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake, China, Landslides, 10, 3, pp. 331-342, (2013); 
Keefer, David K., Assessing landslide hazards, Science, 316, 5828, pp. 1136-1138, (2007); 
Görüm, Tolga, Distribution pattern of earthquake-induced landslides triggered by the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Geomorphology, 133, 3-4, pp. 152-167, (2011); 
Hungr, Oldrich, Two numerical models for landslide dynamic analysis, Computers and Geosciences, 35, 5, pp. 978-992, (2009); 
Carrara, Alberto, GIS techniques and statistical models in evaluating landslide hazard, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 16, 5, pp. 427-445, (1991); 
Lee, Chyityi Tyi, Statistical approach to earthquake-induced landslide susceptibility, Engineering Geology, 100, 1-2, pp. 43-58, (2008)
PUBLISHER: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Jin, W., Zhang, G., Ding, Y., Liu, N., Huo, X.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Jin, Wen (57208353895); Zhang, Guotao (57188966463); Ding, Yi (55377268400); Liu, Nanjiang (59564316600); Huo, Xiaowei (59564416300)
57208353895; 57188966463; 55377268400; 59564316600; 59564416300
Identifying the Characteristics and Implications of Post-Earthquake Debris Flow Events Based on Multi-Source Remote Sensing Images
(2024) Remote Sensing, 16 (17), art. no. 3336, Cited 1 times.
DOI: 10.3390/rs16173336
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85218272509&doi=10.3390%2Frs16173336&partnerID=40&md5=1583ba0d1895902b0249820379d77e7c

AFFILIATIONS: National Disaster Reduction Center of China, Ministry of Emergency Management, Beijing, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Ltd., Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
ABSTRACT: Strong earthquakes often bring amounts of loose material, disrupting the balance of material transportation within a watershed and severely impacting the restoration of the ecological environment and human safety downstream. Therefore, it is crucial to identify the frequency and scale of these debris flow events, as well as to explore their long-term development and impact on internal and external channels. Using multi-source remote sensing images from four perspectives, hillslope, channel, accumulation fan, and their relationship with the mainstream, we reconstructed a debris flow event dataset from 2008 to 2020, explored a method for identifying these events, and analyzed their impacts on channels and accumulation fans in Mozi Gully affected by the Wenchuan earthquake. Loose matter was predominantly found in areas proximate to the channel and at lower elevations during debris flow events. Alterations in channel width, accumulation fans downstream, and their potential to obstruct rivers proved to be vital for identifying the large scale of debris flow event. Finally, we encapsulated the evolution patterns and constraints of post-earthquake debris flows. Determination in frequency and scale could offer valuable supplementary data for scenario hypothesis parameters in post-earthquake disaster engineering prevention and control. © 2024 by the authors.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: accumulation fan; channel evolution; loose materials; multi-source remote sensing images; post-earthquake debris flow
INDEX KEYWORDS: Disasters; Earthquake effects; Accumulation fan; Channel evolution; Debris flows; Down-stream; Flow events; Loose materials; Multi-source remote sensing image; Multi-Sources; Post-earthquake debris flow; Remote sensing images; Disaster prevention
REFERENCES: Fan, Xuanmei, Earthquake-Induced Chains of Geologic Hazards: Patterns, Mechanisms, and Impacts, Reviews of Geophysics, 57, 2, pp. 421-503, (2019); 
Koi, Takashi, Prolonged impact of earthquake-induced landslides on sediment yield in a mountain watershed: The Tanzawa region, Japan, Geomorphology, 101, 4, pp. 692-702, (2008); 
Dong, J. J., The role of the sediment budget in understanding debris flow susceptibility, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 34, 12, pp. 1612-1624, (2009); 
Francis, Oliver R., The Fate of Sediment After a Large Earthquake, Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 127, 3, (2022); 
Jin, Wen, Evaluating the post-earthquake landslides sediment supply capacity for debris flows, Catena, 220, (2023); 
Dadson, Simon J., Earthquake-triggered increase in sediment delivery from an active mountain belt, Geology, 32, 8, pp. 733-736, (2004); 
Dai, Lanxin, Coseismic Debris Remains in the Orogen Despite a Decade of Enhanced Landsliding, Geophysical Research Letters, 48, 19, (2021); 
Zhang, Fei, Monsoonal control on a delayed response of sedimentation to the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Science Advances, 5, 6, (2019); 
Wang, Wei, Perturbation of fluvial sediment fluxes following the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 42, 15, pp. 2611-2622, (2017); 
Chen, Xiaoqing, Engineering measures for debris flow hazard mitigation in the Wenchuan earthquake area, Engineering Geology, 194, pp. 73-85, (2015)
PUBLISHER: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Hu, X., Wang, J., Hu, J., Hu, K., Zhou, L., Liu, W.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Hu, Xudong (57204681802); Wang, Jing (57261143300); Hu, Jilei (55499562600); Hu, Kaiheng (55648903800); Zhou, Liqin (57210133880); Liu, Weiming (36468680600)
57204681802; 57261143300; 55499562600; 55648903800; 57210133880; 36468680600
Probabilistic identification of debris flow source areas in the Wenchuan earthquake-affected region of China based on Bayesian geomorphology
(2024) Environmental Earth Sciences, 83 (18), art. no. 528, Cited 3 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s12665-024-11833-6
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85202955726&doi=10.1007%2Fs12665-024-11833-6&partnerID=40&md5=76a4394c143de54d35f17b4fe1cff600

AFFILIATIONS: China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China; College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China; Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: After the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake (M<inf>S</inf> 8.0), a large number of debris flow source areas formed and further affected the occurrence of debris flows. Identifying the source area that may participate in debris flow activities requires understanding its dynamically changing conditions of location and probability. Based on this, the Bayesian geomorphology method was used to analyze the variation probability in the sediment supply from coseismic landslide deposits to subsequent debris flows and to undertake a quantitative assessment as well. The segment of the Min River, stretching from the urban area of the Wenchuan County to the Yingxiu town, China, was selected as the study area. Geomorphologic characteristics, including elevation, distance to faults, seismic intensity, land cover, gradient, monthly precipitation, and lithostratigraphy, were determined as assessment factors. The method was applied and verified in three clusters of debris flow events from 2010 to 2019 in 37 debris flow catchments. The results indicate that the method is applicable for identifying the dynamic debris flow source areas in earthquake-affected regions with a high accuracy of over 87% and a refined resolution of 30 m. This study finds that the sediment supply types have changed since 2019, that is, the sediment supply from Wenchuan earthquake-induced landslide deposit zones occupied by the debris flow-prone area has dropped from an average of 95.9% in 2013 to approximately 44.7% in 2019. Still, a large number of coseismic landslide deposits exist in the debris flow basins; the probability of debris flow source areas could thus be used as an important criterion for evaluating the long-term evolution of landslides and subsequent debris flow activities in earthquake-affected regions. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Bayesian geomorphology; Debris flow; Susceptibility mapping; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Earthquake effects; Geomorphology; Hydrogeology; Landslides; Lithology; Miocene; Runoff; Bayesian; Bayesian geomorphology; Debris flow activities; Debris flows; Landslide deposits; Probabilistics; Sediment supply; Source area; Susceptibility mapping; Wenchuan Earthquake; Catchments; Bayesian analysis; debris flow; geomorphology; landslide; probability; Sichuan earthquake 2008; urban area; China; Min River [Sichuan]; Sichuan; Wenchuan; Yingxiu
REFERENCES: Banihabib, Mohammad Ebrahim, Bayesian networks model for identification of the effective variables in the forecasting of debris flows occurrence, Environmental Earth Sciences, 79, 8, (2020); 
Benda, Lee E., Stochastic forcing of sediment supply to channel networks from landsliding and debris flow, Water Resources Research, 33, 12, pp. 2849-2863, (1997); 
Blahůt, Jan, Analysis of landslide inventories for accurate prediction of debris-flow source areas, Geomorphology, 119, 1-2, pp. 36-51, (2010); 
Chang, Ming, Hazard assessment of debris flows in the Wenchuan earthquake-stricken area, South West China, Landslides, 14, 5, pp. 1783-1792, (2017); 
Chen, Chienyuan, Morphometric analysis of debris flows and their source areas using GIS, Geomorphology, 129, 3-4, pp. 387-397, (2011); 
Chen, Chienyuan, Rainfall duration and debris-flow initiated studies for real-time monitoring, Environmental Geology, 47, 5, pp. 715-724, (2005); 
Chen, Jun, Open access to Earth land-cover map, Nature, 514, 7253, (2014); 
Interpolating Surfaces in Arcgis Spatial Analyst, (2004); 
Crowley, James K., Analysis of potential debris flow source areas on Mount Shasta, California, by using airborne and satellite remote sensing data, Remote Sensing of Environment, 87, 2-3, pp. 345-358, (2003); 
Cui, Peng, The Wenchuan Earthquake (May 12, 2008), Sichuan Province, China, and resulting geohazards, Natural Hazards, 56, 1, pp. 19-36, (2011)
PUBLISHER: Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Qiu, H.-Z., Ma, S., Chen, X.-L.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Qiu, Hengzhi (58672979900); Ma, Siyuan (57190214231); Chen, Xiaoli (8346444100)
58672979900; 57190214231; 8346444100
STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF EXCESS TOPOGRAPHY ON LANDSLIDES INDUCED BY LUDING Ms6.8 EARTHQUAKE IN 2022 2022 年 Ms6.8 泸定地震诱发滑坡中 过剩地形的影响
(2024) Dizhen Dizhi, 46 (4), pp. 783 - 801, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2024.04.002
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85205876112&doi=10.3969%2Fj.issn.0253-4967.2024.04.002&partnerID=40&md5=1de51de10c92e9434ac72f87c4dc055f

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Seismic and Volcanic Hazards, Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Strong earthquakes in mountainous regions are prone to triggering severe geological disasters, such as landslides, collapses, and debris flows. These disasters are characterized by their wide distribution, large scale, and high frequency, making them among the most destructive secondary effects of earthquakes. In recent years, the central and eastern parts of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau have experienced frequent strong earthquakes, leading to varying degrees of earthquake-induced landslide disasters. Landscape evolution is significantly influenced by tectonic activities and river incising, which alter the materials of hillslopes and their topographic characteristics. Earthquakes can significantly affect the spatial distribution of co-seismic landslides, particularly in areas with excess topography. In tectonically active zones, rock uplift and river erosion gradually increase slope angles and decrease slope stability. Weathering, freeze-thaw cycles, and seismic vibrations can reduce rock strength, leading to slope erosion and landslides. Once these processes occur, the slope tends to reach a critical state of stability, which is characterized by the presence of excess topography. Landslides can rapidly reduce hillside elevations, limiting terrain relief and impacting landform evolution. Excess topography, defined as rock mass inclined at angles greater than a specified threshold, is closely related to unstable slope masses. The essence of a landslide is the disruption of slope equilibrium, often reflected in the presence of excess topography. However, the influence of excess topography on the distribution of co-seismic landslides is not well understood. Earthquake-induced landslides occur when slopes become unstable and slide due to seismic forces. The instability arises when ground motion alters the internal friction angle and cohesion forces along rock mass defects, making them unable to resist the gravitational forces that cause sliding. The weight of the slope material plays a crucial role in this process. As a key component of landscape evolution, landslides significantly shape geomorphic forms, as indicated by the presence of excess topography. The undulating terrain of a region is the result of long-term structural and surface erosion interactions, as well as material migration and distribution. Landslide development is closely related to the local environment, particularly geomorphic ccnditions. Seismic landslides also play a vital role in shaping and reorganizing active orogenic belts, influencing subsequent landscape evolution. On September 5, 2022, a M<inf>s</inf>6.8 earthquake struck Luding county, Sichuan province, China, with the epicenter in Hailuogou Glacier Forest Park (29. 59° N, 102. 08° E), at a focal depth of 16km and a maximum intensity of IX degrees. The earthquake, lasting approximately 20 seconds, was strongly felt across many parts of Sichuan Province and induced numerous landslides, causing significant damage. The affected area, located at the transition between the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the Sichuan Basin, features a typical alpine and canyon landscape with steep terrain and river incision, providing favorable conditions for landslides. The long-term and intense tectonic activity in the eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has resulted in complex topography and geomorphology, providing the material basis and external conditions for earthquake and landslide disasters. With advancements in science and technology, the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) has become widely used in geoscience research. As DEM accuracy improves, its applications have evolved from qualitative descriptions of geomorphic morphology to semi-quantitative and quantitative analyses of various geomorphic parameters. Geomorphic parameters reveal the structural geomorphic information within topography, essential for understanding regional characteristics and evolution mechanisms. The Luding earthquake serves as a case study for analyzing the influence of topography on the distribution of co-seismic landslides. In this study, through post-earthquake remote sensing image analysis we identified 1485 landslides (covering approximately 14.83km2) and analyzed their spatial distribution. Field surveys revealed that most co-seismic landslides are shallow, with relatively small thicknesses, primarily located along the Dadu River. Excess topography calculations based on the ALOS 12.5m DEM and subsequent quantitative analysis of its correlation with coseismic landslides indicate a strong relationship: with a 30° threshold, excess topography peaks are found along the Dadu River and its tributaries, coinciding with the majority of landslide occurrences. A total of 91.7% of co-seismic landslides are within areas of varying excess topography heights. However, the average height of excess topography in landslide areas (~80m) significantly exceeds landslide thicknesses, suggesting that the Luding earthquake only mobilized a small fraction of the total excess topography. The remaining excess topography may represent potential unstable slopes for future landslides. Furthermore, the spatial distribution of landslides induced by previous earthquakes, such as the Wenchuan earthquake in 2008, the Lushan earthquake in 2013, and the Ludian earthquake in 2014, shows a high degree of consistency. This underscores the importance of understanding the relationship between excess terrain and landslide distribution to enhance the accuracy of earthquake-induced landslide predictions. © 2024 State Seismology Administration. All rights reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: 2022 Ms6.8 Luding earthquake; excess topography; landslide distribution; seismic landslide
INDEX KEYWORDS: Earthquake effects; Fracture energy; Geochronology; Hydrogeology; Induced Seismicity; Internal friction; Miocene; Seismic waves; Slope protection; Structural geology; Tectonics; Tropics; 2022 Ms6.8 luding earthquake; Digital elevation model; Earthquake-induced landslides; Excess topography; Landscape evolutions; Landslide distributions; Qinghai Tibet plateau; Seismic landslides; Strong earthquakes; Tectonic activity; Landslides; earthquake event; ground motion; image analysis; landslide; quantitative analysis; remote sensing; spatial distribution; topography; China
REFERENCES: Cao, Pengju, DEM in quantitative analysis of structural geomorphology: application and prospect, Journal of Geomechanics, 27, 6, pp. 949-962, (2021); 
Map of Active Tectonics in China, (2007); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2022); 
Mountain Research, (2016); 
Scientia Sinica Terrae, (2022); 
Li, Chuanyou, THE 2022 M6. 8 LUDING EARTHQUAKE: A COMPLICATED EVENT BY FAULTING OF THE MOXI SEGMENT OF THE XIANSHUIHE FAULT ZONE, Dizhen Dizhi, 44, 6, pp. 1648-1666, (2022); 
Tie, Yongbo, Characteristics of geological hazards and it’s mitigations of the Ms6.8 earthquake in Luding County, Sichuan Province, Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, 49, 6, pp. 1-12, (2022); 
Journal of Railway Science and Engineering, (2015); 
Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation, (2011); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2013)
PUBLISHER: State Seismology Administration
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zheng, J., Yan, J., Chen, Q., Hu, W., Zhao, P., Hou, G., Wang, Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zheng, Jiangkun (36619960900); Yan, Junxia (58140167200); Chen, Qiyang (59173764500); Hu, Wangyang (58120358600); Zhao, Peng (55459201000); Hou, Guirong (57194452859); Wang, Yong (57206998538)
36619960900; 58140167200; 59173764500; 58120358600; 55459201000; 57194452859; 57206998538
Change Characteristics of Soil Erodibility during Natural Restoration in an Earthquake Landslide of Southwestern China
(2024) Forests, 15 (8), art. no. 1352, Cited 1 times.
DOI: 10.3390/f15081352
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85202654998&doi=10.3390%2Ff15081352&partnerID=40&md5=07108f5d7684f9559cc27bdd63f5cfd0

AFFILIATIONS: College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, China; Department of Geography, Handan University, Handan, Hebei, China
ABSTRACT: Landslides caused by earthquakes bring about dramatic changes in soil erodibility. In order to understand the change characteristics of soil erodibility during a vegetation restoration period after the 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake, a non-landslide area, landslide area, and transition area in Leigu Town, Beichuan County were selected as research areas. Field soil sampling, geostatistics, and spatial interpolation were used to explore the spatiotemporal changes in soil physicochemical properties and soil erodibility during a natural restoration in 2013 (5 years after the earthquake) and in 2022 (14 years after the earthquake). The results showed that the comprehensive soil erodibility index (CSEI) was mainly composed of five soil factors, which were soil pH, soil total nitrogen (TN), mean weight diameter of soil aggregates (MWD), fractal dimension of soil water stable aggregates (D), and soil erodibility (K<inf>epic</inf>). The CSEI of the landslide area was slightly lower than that of the non-landslide area. The CSEI was gradually increasing during the process of natural restoration after earthquake. From 2013 to 2022, the increase rates of the CSEI were 6.9%, 10.0%, and 41.5% for the landslide area, non-landslide area, and transition area, respectively. Along attitude segments, the spatial distribution of soil erodibility in 2022 is more uniform than that in 2013. The higher value of CSEI was located in the upper part of research areas. The spatial distribution of the CSEI in 2013 and 2022 appeared as a moderate autocorrelation. The variable ranges of CSEI in 2013 and 2022 were about 20 m. In the early stage of vegetation restoration, soil and water conservation engineering was recommended in the landslide area. © 2024 by the authors.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Cupressus funebris forest; landslide; soil erodibility; spatial heterogeneity; vegetation restoration
INDEX KEYWORDS: Cupressu funebris forest; Field soil; Landslide areas; Natural restoration; Research areas; Restoration period; Soil erodibility; Spatial heterogeneity; Vegetation restoration; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes; coniferous tree; environmental restoration; erodibility; heterogeneity; landslide; Sichuan earthquake 2008; soil erosion; spatial distribution; Area; Characteristics; Distribution; Plants; Research; Restoration; Water Management; Beichuan; China; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Chigira, Masahiro, Landslides induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China, Geomorphology, 118, 3-4, pp. 225-238, (2010); 
Wang, Xin, Long-Term Landslide Evolution and Restoration After the Wenchuan Earthquake Revealed by Time-Series Remote Sensing Images, Geophysical Research Letters, 51, 2, (2024); 
Zhang, Limin Min, Erosion-based analysis of breaching of Baige landslide dams on the Jinsha River, China, in 2018, Landslides, 16, 10, pp. 1965-1979, (2019); 
Li, Pu, Effects of bed longitudinal inflexion and sediment porosity on basal entrainment mechanism: insights from laboratory debris flows, Landslides, 18, 9, pp. 3041-3062, (2021); 
Wang, Jinniu, Runoff and soil loss in a typical subtropical evergreen forest stricken by the Wenchuan earthquake: Their relationships with rainfall, slope inclination, and vegetation cover, Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 69, 1, pp. 65-74, (2014); 
Chen, Haoshuang, Soil erosion characteristics in an earthquake-impacted mountainous basin based on RUSLE model: implications for geohazards, Journal of Soils and Sediments, 23, 11, pp. 3857-3878, (2023); 
Lyu, Du, Effects of different vegetation restoration types on soil hydro-physical properties in the hilly region of the Loess Plateau, China, Soil Research, 61, 1, pp. 94-105, (2022); 
Yan, Youjin, Effects of vegetation restoration types on soil erosion reduction of a shallow karst fissure soil system in the degraded karst areas of Southwestern China, Land Degradation and Development, 34, 8, pp. 2241-2255, (2023); 
Sun, Haoze, Exploring rational vegetation configuration to relative increase runoff, reduce erosion and soil organic carbon loss in gully-slopes on the Chinese Loess Plateau, Journal of Hydrology, 640, (2024); 
Rajbanshi, Joy, Quantification of the effects of conservation practices on surface runoff and soil erosion in croplands and their trade-off: A meta-analysis, Science of the Total Environment, 864, (2023)
PUBLISHER: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Qiu, C., Su, L., Bian, C., Bo, B., Geng, X.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Qiu, Chenchen (57356834900); Su, Lijun (7202509267); Bian, Congchao (57552873500); Bo, Zhao (56903411900); Geng, Xueyu Yu (26430533300)
57356834900; 7202509267; 57552873500; 56903411900; 26430533300
An AI-Based Method for Estimating the Potential Runout Distance of Post-Seismic Debris Flows
(2024) International Journal of Disaster Risk Science, 15 (4), pp. 608 - 621, Cited 4 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s13753-024-00575-5
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85202610753&doi=10.1007%2Fs13753-024-00575-5&partnerID=40&md5=31ffe907256ab588b9752a5f01f9276c

AFFILIATIONS: Faculty of Science, Engineering and Medicine, Coventry, West Midlands, United Kingdom; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; School of Computer and Information, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
ABSTRACT: The widely distributed sediments following an earthquake presents a continuous threat to local residential areas and infrastructure. These materials become more easily mobilized due to reduced rainfall thresholds. Before establishing an effective management plan for debris flow hazards, it is crucial to determine the potential reach of these sediments. In this study, a deep learning-based method—Dual Attention Network (DAN)—was developed to predict the runout distance of potential debris flows after the 2022 Luding Earthquake, taking into account the topography and precipitation conditions. Given that the availability of reliable precipitation data remains a challenge, attributable to the scarcity of rain gauge stations and the relatively coarse resolution of satellite-based observations, our approach involved three key steps. First, we employed the DAN model to refine the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) data, enhancing its spatial and temporal resolution. This refinement was achieved by leveraging the correlation between precipitation and regional environment factors (REVs) at a seasonal scale. Second, the downscaled GPM underwent calibration using observations from rain gauge stations. Third, mean absolute error (MAE), mean square error (MSE), and root mean square error (RMSE) were employed to evaluate the performance of both the downscaling and calibration processes. Then the calibrated precipitation, catchment area, channel length, average channel gradient, and sediment volume were selected to develop a prediction model based on debris flows following the Wenchuan Earthquake. This model was applied to estimate the runout distance of potential debris flows after the Luding Earthquake. The results show that: (1) The calibrated GPM achieves an average MAE of 1.56 mm, surpassing the MAEs of original GPM (4.25 mm) and downscaled GPM (3.83 mm); (2) The developed prediction model reduces the prediction error by 40 m in comparison to an empirical equation; (3) The potential runout distance of debris flows after the Luding Earthquake reaches 0.77 km when intraday rainfall is 100 mm, while the minimum distance value is only 0.06 km. Overall, the developed model offers a scientific support for decision makers in taking reasonable measurements for loss reduction caused by post-seismic debris flows. © The Author(s) 2024.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: 2022 Luding earthquake; Deep learning; GPM downscaling; Post-seismic debris flows; Runout distance prediction
INDEX KEYWORDS: debris flow; downscaling; earthquake event; environmental factor; machine learning; precipitation (climatology); prediction; rainfall; China; Luding; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Bergen, Karianne J., Machine learning for data-driven discovery in solid Earth geoscience, Science, 363, 6433, (2019); 
Brouder, Sylvie M., Mapping soil pH: Accuracy of common soil sampling strategies and estimation techniques, Soil Science Society of America Journal, 69, 2, pp. 427-442, (2005); 
Geoscientific Model Development Discussions, (2014); 
Jehanzeb Masud Cheema, Muhammad Jehanzeb Masud, Local calibration of remotely sensed rainfall from the TRMM satellite for different periods and spatial scales in the Indus Basin, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 33, 8, pp. 2603-2627, (2012); 
Chen, Wei, GIS-based evaluation of landslide susceptibility using hybrid computational intelligence models, Catena, 195, (2020); 
Chen, Fengrui, A downscaling-merging method for high-resolution daily precipitation estimation, Journal of Hydrology, 581, (2020); 
Proceedings of the 3rd Australia New Zealand Conference on Geomechanics, (1980); 
Dahlquist, Maxwell P., Initiation and Runout of Post-Seismic Debris Flows: Insights From the 2015 Gorkha Earthquake, Geophysical Research Letters, 46, 16, pp. 9658-9668, (2019); 
Falconi, Luca Maria, Debris and mud flows runout assessment: a comparison among empirical geometric equations in the Giampilieri and Briga basins (east Sicily, Italy) affected by the event of October 1, 2009, Natural Hazards, 117, 3, pp. 2347-2373, (2023); 
Fan, Linfeng, Linking rainfall-induced landslides with debris flows runout patterns towards catchment scale hazard assessment, Geomorphology, 280, pp. 1-15, (2017)
PUBLISHER: Beijing Normal University Press
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Yang, Y., Chen, M., Cai, Y., Tang, C., Huang, W., Xia, C.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Yang, Yu (59892315500); Chen, Ming (57199453005); Cai, Yinghua (57216790501); Tang, Chenxiao (55486336700); Huang, Wenli (58124440900); Xia, Chenhao (59619298000)
59892315500; 57199453005; 57216790501; 55486336700; 58124440900; 59619298000
Material Activity in Debris Flow Watersheds Pre- and Post-Strong Earthquake: A Case Study from the Wenchuan Earthquake Epicenter
(2024) Water (Switzerland), 16 (16), art. no. 2284, Cited 1 times.
DOI: 10.3390/w16162284
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85202355134&doi=10.3390%2Fw16162284&partnerID=40&md5=530186fe749f13f14cedc665f015f3af

AFFILIATIONS: School of Emergency Management, Xihua University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake released vast quantities of loose material, significantly influencing post-earthquake material dynamics, particularly through recurrent debris flow disasters that posed long-term threats to the earthquake-affected area. To explore the transport and involvement of loose materials in debris flow events within earthquake-affected basins, this study focuses on a representative area near the Wenchuan epicenter, creating a multi-temporal database of active landslides and channel materials pre- and post-earthquake, quantitatively assessing material transport and source replenishment in debris flow basins, and categorizing debris flows based on channel material activity, post-earthquake historical activity, and sustainability of activity. This study revealed that pre-earthquake material activity was concentrated in the watershed’s upper regions, while post-earthquake materials were progressively transported from the central to the lower regions, with many small co-seismic landslides ceasing activity. The supply area ratio from active landslides capable of recharging debris flows, i.e., those connected to channels, consistently remained at approximately 72%, with the peak area of channel material activity comprising approximately 2.5% of the total watershed area. Channel material activity areas serve as valuable indicators for hazard assessment in regions lacking historical debris flow data, with the watershed area predominantly determining the sustainability of post-earthquake debris flow activity. © 2024 by the authors.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: channel materiel; debris flow; landslide; remote sensing interpretation; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Earthquake effects; Landslides; Active landslides; Case-studies; Channel materials; Channel materiel; Debris flows; Loose materials; Remote sensing interpretation; Strong earthquakes; Watershed areas; Wenchuan Earthquake; Watersheds; debris flow; earthquake epicenter; earthquake event; hazard assessment; landslide; remote sensing; sustainability; watershed; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Malamud, Bruce D., Landslides, earthquakes, and erosion, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 229, 1-2, pp. 45-59, (2004); 
Yanites, Brian J., How rivers react to large earthquakes: Evidence from central Taiwan, Geology, 38, 7, pp. 639-642, (2010); 
Yang, Yu, Characteristics of Debris Flow Activities at Different Scales after the Disturbance of Strong Earthquakes—A Case Study of the Wenchuan Earthquake-Affected Area, Water (Switzerland), 15, 4, (2023); 
Yang, Yu, Spatial and temporal evolution of long-term debris flow activity and the dynamic influence of condition factors in the Wenchuan earthquake-affected area, Sichuan, China, Geomorphology, 435, (2023); 
Lin, Ching-Wee Weei, Impact of Chi-Chi earthquake on the occurrence of landslides and debris flows: Example from the Chenyulan River watershed, Nantou, Taiwan, Engineering Geology, 71, 1-2, pp. 49-61, (2004); 
Fan, Xuanmei, Earthquake-Induced Chains of Geologic Hazards: Patterns, Mechanisms, and Impacts, Reviews of Geophysics, 57, 2, pp. 421-503, (2019); 
Landform Studies from Australia and New Guinea, (1967); 
Hovius, Niels, Prolonged seismically induced erosion and the mass balance of a large earthquake, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 304, 3-4, pp. 347-355, (2011); 
Chigira, Masahiro, Landslides induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China, Geomorphology, 118, 3-4, pp. 225-238, (2010); 
Pearce, Andrew J., Medium‐term effects of two landsliding episodes on channel storage of sediment, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 8, 1, pp. 29-39, (1983)
PUBLISHER: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Xi, C., Lombardo, L., Hu, X., Tanyas, H.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Xi, Chuanjie (57328936700); Lombardo, Luigi (55270100100); Hu, Xiewen (7404709509); Tanyas, Hakan (55631635400)
57328936700; 55270100100; 7404709509; 55631635400
Co-seismic hillslope weakening
(2024) Engineering Geology, 338, art. no. 107607, Cited 8 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107607
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85196804427&doi=10.1016%2Fj.enggeo.2024.107607&partnerID=40&md5=695610d200e933d601b14b38dd036d3b

AFFILIATIONS: Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation – ITC, Enschede, Overijssel, Netherlands
ABSTRACT: Reduction in shear strength (RSS) of hillslope materials due to earthquakes have been rarely discussed numerically in regional scale analyses. Despite the limited literature, an empirical relationship between peak ground acceleration (PGA) and RSS was proposed based on Newmark's permanent-deformation analysis coupled with static limit equilibrium approach. However, the empirical relationship is solely based on co- and post-seismic landslide inventories associated with the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and transferability of the approach is yet to be tested. To address this issue, we apply the same method to areas affected by the 2015 Gorkha and 2018 Palu earthquakes. Our results showed a good agreement in variation of the RSS with respect to PGA. This suggests that the approach is transferable for the estimation of co-seismic hillslope weakening in other geographies. We also analyzed the RSS in sedimentary, metamorphic and igneous rocks. Our results showed that igneous rocks feature the highest RSS in response to given ground shaking and it is followed by metamorphic and sedimentary rocks. Ultimately, we also discussed the RSS likely caused by precipitation events. Our findings imply that the RSS caused by 0.1 g of ground shaking may be 14 times larger than RSS due to precipitation. This argument needs further analyses but overall, our findings provide new insights into hillslope weakening in relation to both earthquake and precipitation. © 2024 The Authors
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Earthquake; Hillslope weakening; Landslide; Precipitation; Shear strength reduction
INDEX KEYWORDS: Acceleration; Igneous rocks; Landslides; Metamorphic rocks; Sedimentary rocks; Sedimentology; % reductions; Empirical relationships; Ground-shaking; Hillslope weakening; Hillslopes; Newmark; Peak ground acceleration; Regional scale analysis; Shear strength reduction; Shears strength; Earthquakes; coseismic process; hillslope; landslide; peak acceleration; shear strength; Sichuan earthquake 2008; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Ambraseys, Nicholas N., Earthquake induced displacements of slopes, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 14, 1, pp. 59-71, (1995); 
Arata, Yohei, Topographic features and stratified soil characteristics of a hillslope with fissures formed by the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake, Geoderma, 376, (2020); 
Barton, Nicholas R., The shear strength of rock joints in theory and practice, Rock Mechanics, 10, 1-2, pp. 1-54, (1977); 
Bojadjieva, Julijana, Hazard and risk assessment of earthquake-induced landslides—case study, Landslides, 15, 1, pp. 161-171, (2018); 
Bollinger, Laurent, Estimating the return times of great Himalayan earthquakes in eastern Nepal: Evidence from the Patu and Bardibas strands of the Main Frontal Thrust, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 119, 9, pp. 7123-7163, (2014); 
Bontemps, Noélie, Rain and small earthquakes maintain a slow-moving landslide in a persistent critical state, Nature Communications, 11, 1, (2020); 
Bouilhol, Pierre, Dating the India-Eurasia collision through arc magmatic records, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 366, pp. 163-175, (2013); 
Brain, Matthew J., The control of earthquake sequences on hillslope stability, Geophysical Research Letters, 44, 2, pp. 865-872, (2017); 
Brain, Matthew J., Controls on Post-Seismic Landslide Behavior in Brittle Rocks, Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 126, 9, (2021); 
Bray, Jonathan D., Procedure for Estimating Shear-Induced Seismic Slope Displacement for Shallow Crustal Earthquakes, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering - ASCE, 145, 12, (2019)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; HYBRID GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Chen, H., Xiong, J., Zhao, W., Chen, J., Zhang, X., Ruan, H., Fang, C., Gong, L.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Chen, Huayong (24385415200); Xiong, Jiang (57217517892); Zhao, Wanyu (23973928300); Chen, Jiangang (56013367200); Zhang, Xianzheng (57219298270); Ruan, Hechun (57222736009); Fang, Congxi (57201332511); Gong, Lingfeng (57215612725)
24385415200; 57217517892; 23973928300; 56013367200; 57219298270; 57222736009; 57201332511; 57215612725
Catastrophic debris flow triggered by a June 26, 2023 rainstorm suggests the debris flow is still active 15 years after the Wenchuan seismic
(2024) Landslides, 21 (8), pp. 1883 - 1897, Cited 11 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s10346-024-02279-9
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85195484054&doi=10.1007%2Fs10346-024-02279-9&partnerID=40&md5=2bc989960a27555dcce91b68abe512ae

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; China Geological Survey, Beijing, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: The Wenchuan earthquake strongly disturbed the earth surface and induced sufficient loose debris in the mountain basin, which supplies sufficient solid materials for debris flow initiation. Recently, a catastrophic debris flow was induced by strong rainfall on June 26, 2023 in the Banzi basin. Inconsistent with the first few years of the Wenchuan earthquake, the hillslope landslide sediment supply for debris flow occurrence is limited after 15 years of the Wenchuan earthquake, and the materials supplied for debris flow in the later period are mainly obtained from alluvium deposited along the channel. Simultaneously, this debris flow was triggered by flash flood through strongly erosion channel materials. However, although 15 years have passed since the Wenchuan earthquake, the triggering rainfall conditions have still not returned to pre-earthquake level. This debris flow first initiated in the upper branches of the basin and then gradually transported downstream at an average discharge of 806.99 m3/s, and approximately 82.80 × 104 m3 solid materials were transported out the Banzi basin to form a debris flow fan with length of 120 m and width of 260 m in the Minjiang River, which poses a serious threat to the resettled population and destroy the reconstruction infrastructures. Importantly, there are still sufficient solid materials deposited in the basin, this could result in debris flow activity continuing for an unpredictable time. Therefore, implementation early warning, prevention, and mitigation measures in this basin are still important for debris flow disaster management in the later period of Wenchuan earthquake. © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Banzi gully; Debris flow; GIS; Landslide; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Debris; Disaster prevention; Disasters; Earthquakes; Landforms; Rain; Storms; Banzi gully; Debris flow occurrences; Debris flows; Earth's surface; Flash-floods; Hillslope landslides; Mountain basins; Sediment supply; Solid material; Wenchuan Earthquake; Landslides; catastrophic event; debris flow; disaster management; earthquake event; flash flood; GIS; hillslope; landslide; reconstruction; China; Min River [Sichuan]; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Chen, Ming, The long-term evolution of landslide activity near the epicentral area of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China, Geomorphology, 367, (2020); 
Chen, Ming, Changes of surface recovery at coseismic landslides and their driving factors in the Wenchuan earthquake-affected area, Catena, 210, (2022); 
Chen, Ming, Spatio-temporal mapping and long-term evolution of debris flow activity after a high magnitude earthquake, Catena, 236, (2024); 
Chigira, Masahiro, Landslides induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China, Geomorphology, 118, 3-4, pp. 225-238, (2010); 
Dadson, Simon J., Earthquake-triggered increase in sediment delivery from an active mountain belt, Geology, 32, 8, pp. 733-736, (2004); 
Fan, Chiacheng, Role of roots in the shear strength of root-reinforced soils with high moisture content, Ecological Engineering, 33, 2, pp. 157-166, (2008); 
Fan, Ruilin, Evolution of debris flow activities in Gaojiagou Ravine during 2008–2016 after the Wenchuan earthquake, Engineering Geology, 235, pp. 1-10, (2018); 
Fan, Xuanmei, Earthquake-Induced Chains of Geologic Hazards: Patterns, Mechanisms, and Impacts, Reviews of Geophysics, 57, 2, pp. 421-503, (2019); 
Ge, Yonggang, Catastrophic debris flows on July 10th 2013 along the Min River in areas seriously-hit by the Wenchuan earthquake, Journal of Mountain Science, 12, 1, pp. 186-206, (2015); 
Görüm, Tolga, Distribution pattern of earthquake-induced landslides triggered by the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Geomorphology, 133, 3-4, pp. 152-167, (2011)
PUBLISHER: Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zhang, X., Tang, C., Tie, Y., Li, X., Tang, C., Xiong, J., Chen, M., Gong, L.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhang, Xianzheng (57219298270); Tang, Chenxiao (55486336700); Tie, Yongbo (26656325300); Li, Xiaojuan (58992961200); Tang, Chuan (35932953300); Xiong, Jiang (57217517892); Chen, Ming (57199453005); Gong, Lingfeng (57215612725)
57219298270; 55486336700; 26656325300; 58992961200; 35932953300; 57217517892; 57199453005; 57215612725
Dynamic susceptibility assessment of debris flow hazard after a strong earthquake, Wenchuan County, Sichuan, China
(2024) Landslides, 21 (8), pp. 1915 - 1928, Cited 9 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s10346-024-02246-4
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85190800547&doi=10.1007%2Fs10346-024-02246-4&partnerID=40&md5=c5ed4d59d3bcd922676f0cbddef807a1

AFFILIATIONS: China Geological Survey, Beijing, Beijing, China; Technology Innovation Center for Risk Prevention and Mitigation of Geohazard, Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China; Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan, China; State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: Large amounts of co-seismic landslides provide abundant debris sources following a strong earthquake and are prone to initiate and generate debris flow under heavy rainfall. Assessing the susceptibility they pose and what drives their movement in the years following the mainshock has not yet been attempted, primarily because multitemporal debris flow inventories are lacking. This study conducted statistical analyses using the multitemporal debris flow inventory (2008–2021) following the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and a set of conditional factors (debris source, terrain, and hydrology). The dynamic susceptibility evaluation model was created using logistic regression. The temporal evolution of these factors affecting debris flow runout was explained. Our findings suggest that topography variables grew rapidly after the earthquake, while debris source factors dominated for seven years after the disaster before declining progressively to zero. These findings may have significant consequences for traditional susceptibility assessment models in regions where co-seismic landslides are the dominant debris flow source. © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Data balance; Debris flow in seismic area; Dynamic susceptibility assessment; Logistic regression; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Digital storage; Earthquakes; Landslides; Logistic regression; Magnetic susceptibility; Rain; Topography; Data balance; Debris flow in seismic area; Debris flows; Dynamic susceptibility; Dynamic susceptibility assessment; Logistics regressions; Seismic area; Seismic landslides; Strong earthquakes; Wenchuan Earthquake; Debris; debris flow; disaster management; landslide; logistics; seismic hazard; seismic zone; temporal evolution; topography; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Alhaj, Taqwa Ahmed, Feature selection using information gain for improved structural-based alert correlation, PLOS ONE, 11, 11, (2016); 
Barlow, John, Seismically-induced mass movements and volumetric fluxes resulting from the 2010 Mw=7.2 earthquake in the Sierra Cucapah, Mexico, Geomorphology, 230, pp. 138-145, (2015); 
Chen, Ming, Changes of surface recovery at coseismic landslides and their driving factors in the Wenchuan earthquake-affected area, Catena, 210, (2022); 
Chen, Xiaoli, Impact of slope stability changes on landslide activity near the epicenter of the 2008 Wenchuan Ms8.0 earthquake, China, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 80, 7, pp. 5259-5270, (2021); 
Choi, Goumoon, Risk Assessment of Debris Flow at Regional Scale considering Catchment Area in Chuncheon, Korea, KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, 25, 4, pp. 1176-1190, (2021); 
Domènech, Guillem, Modelling the role of material depletion, grain coarsening and revegetation in debris flow occurrences after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Engineering Geology, 250, pp. 34-44, (2019); 
Fan, Ruilin, Evolution of debris flow activities in Gaojiagou Ravine during 2008–2016 after the Wenchuan earthquake, Engineering Geology, 235, pp. 1-10, (2018); 
Fan, Xuanmei, Earthquake-Induced Chains of Geologic Hazards: Patterns, Mechanisms, and Impacts, Reviews of Geophysics, 57, 2, pp. 421-503, (2019); 
Fan, Xuanmei, Rapidly Evolving Controls of Landslides After a Strong Earthquake and Implications for Hazard Assessments, Geophysical Research Letters, 48, 1, (2021); 
Fell, Robin, Guidelines for landslide susceptibility, hazard and risk zoning for land-use planning, Engineering Geology, 102, 3-4, pp. 99-111, (2008)
PUBLISHER: Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Tai, P., Wang, X., Zhang, L., Chen, R.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Tai, Pei (57200968867); Wang, Xiaobin (58809465400); Zhang, Lulu (58433875100); Chen, Rui (55628525427)
57200968867; 58809465400; 58433875100; 55628525427
Thermal effects on the shear behaviour of saturated coarse-grained soils with reference to post-earthquake deposits
(2024) Acta Geophysica, 72 (4), pp. 2223 - 2230, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11600-023-01265-4
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85182173381&doi=10.1007%2Fs11600-023-01265-4&partnerID=40&md5=ad51da88d474f4df4d7212200e231b9b

AFFILIATIONS: School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent and Resilient Structures for Civil Engineering, Shenzhen, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Ship and Deep-Sea Exploration, State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering, Shanghai, China
ABSTRACT: Recently, the dependency of post-earthquake landslides on temperature variation has been increasingly discovered, where the slope deposits at risk are often enriched with loose and nearly saturated coarse soils, i.e., landslides after 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. To reveal the thermal effects on the shear behaviour of such materials, a series of temperature-controlled triaxial tests were carried out on soils obtained from post-earthquake deposits. Various temperature conditions were investigated, including temperature level and heating–cooling cycles. It is found that shear strength is slightly increased with rising temperature. At low confining pressure, the gain in strength mainly comes from the enhanced interlock among particles due to thermal expansion, while the thermal densification at soil skeleton level also contributes to strength increase at high confining pressure. Moreover, the contractive strain accumulates as heating–cooling cycles progress, which results in an increasing shear strength. Under a low confining pressure, both expansion during heating and contraction during cooling were minor and reversible. With high confining pressure, the volumetric strain during thermal cycles is significantly increased (up to one order of magnitude) compared to results of other coarse soils in the literature, which indicates that the influence of grain size on thermal deformation cannot be neglected. © The Author(s) under exclusive licence to Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences & Polish Academy of Sciences 2024.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Coarse soil; Post-earthquake deposit; Shear behaviour; Thermal effects; Volume change
INDEX KEYWORDS: Cooling; Deposits; Landslides; Rock pressure; Shear flow; Shear strength; Soils; Thermal expansion; Coarse soils; Coarse-grained soils; Heating-cooling cycle; High confining pressure; Low confining pressure; Post-earthquake deposit; Shear behaviour; Shears strength; Temperature variation; Volume change; Earthquakes; deformation; earthquake event; grain size; landslide; saturated medium; slope stability; triaxial test; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Alvarado, Mauricio, Landslide motion assessment including rate effects and thermal interactions: Revisiting the canelles landslide, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 56, 9, pp. 1338-1350, (2019); 
Cao, Zhigang, Thermal Effects on Shear Characteristics of Unbound Granular Materials under Drained Conditions, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering - ASCE, 149, 4, (2023); 
Chen, Ke, Granular materials: Packing grains by thermal cycling, Nature, 442, 7100, (2006); 
Cui, Peng, The 12 May Wenchuan earthquake-induced landslide lakes: Distribution and preliminary risk evaluation, Landslides, 6, 3, pp. 209-223, (2009); 
Goren, Liran, On the stability of landslides: A thermo-poro-elastic approach, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 277, 3-4, pp. 365-372, (2009); 
He, Shaoheng, The effect of temperature on the drained shear behavior of calcareous sand, Acta Geotechnica, 16, 2, pp. 613-633, (2021); 
Hu, Wei, An instrumented flume to investigate the initiation mechanism of the post-earthquake huge debris flow in the southwest of China, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 74, 2, pp. 393-404, (2015); 
de Castro Lima, José Janio, Linear thermal expansion of granitic rocks: Influence of apparent porosity, grain size and quartz content, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 63, 3, pp. 215-220, (2004); 
Kramer, Steven L., Analysis of membrane penetration in triaxial test, Journal of Engineering Mechanics - ASCE, 116, 4, pp. 773-789, (1990); 
Lade, Poul V., MEMBRANE PENETRATION EFFECTS IN UNDRAINED TESTS, Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, ASCE, 103, 2, pp. 109-125, (1977)
PUBLISHER: Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Jiang, T., Cui, S., Xu, X., Zhang, X., Xiang, G., Ai, Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Jiang, Tao (57856439900); Cui, Shenghua (56660242900); Xu, Xiangning (57226874751); Zhang, Xiong (59280361300); Xiang, Guoping (57188724345); Ai, Ying (58656603700)
57856439900; 56660242900; 57226874751; 59280361300; 57188724345; 58656603700
Distribution and evolution of debris flow in a typic meizoseismal area based on remote sensing: A case study of the Sichuan Duwen expressway 基于遥感解译的典型强震区泥石流物源发育及演化—以四川都汶高速沿线为例
(2024) Geological Bulletin of China, 43 (7), pp. 1243 - 1254, Cited 3 times.
DOI: 10.12097/gbc.2023.06.001
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85201622098&doi=10.12097%2Fgbc.2023.06.001&partnerID=40&md5=987256dc94815db097e620c06866ff19

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; The 2nd Geological Brigade of Sichunan, Chengdu, China; Shu Tong Geotechnical Engineering Company of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: Duwen highway in Sichuan province is located in the strong earthquake zone of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, where post-earthquake debris flow disasters are exceptionally active. The debris flow disasters causes serious damage to human property and poses a major threat to human security. In order to find out the spatial distribution pattern of the material sources on the mountain slopes and explore the causes of the mudslide material sources in the earthquake area, pre-earthquake DEM, post-earthquake Landsat TM multiband fusion data, and two-phase full-color band remote sensing data of typical debris flow gullies in the area were selected to analyze the characteristics and evolution of debris flow source development. The results show that the development of debris flow sources is significantly controlled by the combined effects of terrain slope direction, slope gradient, elevation, and water system in the strong earthquake zone of the Wenchuan earthquake. There is a "back slope amplification effect" and "reverse (displacement) direction amplification effect" on the slope direction, and the elevation and slope gradient are related to the dynamic process of mountain slope development. The release of seismic energy is the basis for the development of debris flow sources. An index relationship model between the density of debris flow source development in the strong earthquake zone and seismic intensity was established, and it was believed that the presence of faults in the study area may promote further development of debris flow sources. The evolution of debris sources is characterized by area reduction and disappearance, the disintegration of large sources into multiple small sources, the convergence of small sources leading to an increase in scale, source migration, and the emergence of new sources. © 2024 China Geological Survey. All rights reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: debris flow; evolution; meizoseismal area; remote sensing; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: debris flow; earthquake intensity; Landsat thematic mapper; mud; remote sensing; seismic zone; Sichuan earthquake 2008; spatial distribution; China; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Cui, Peng, The Wenchuan Earthquake (May 12, 2008), Sichuan Province, China, and resulting geohazards, Natural Hazards, 56, 1, pp. 19-36, (2011); 
Delmonaco, Giuseppe, Large scale debris-flow hazard assessment: A geotechnical approach and GIS modelling, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 3, 5, pp. 443-455, (2003); 
Di, Baofeng, GIS-based risk analysis of debris flow: an application in Sichuan, southwest China, International Journal of Sediment Research, 23, 2, pp. 138-148, (2008); 
Di, Baofeng, Quantifying the spatial distribution of soil mass wasting processes after the 2008 earthquake in Wenchuan, China. A case study of the Longmenshan area, Remote Sensing of Environment, 114, 4, pp. 761-771, (2010); 
Liu, Chiannan, Impacts of september 21, 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake on the characteristics of gully-type debris flows in central Taiwan, Natural Hazards, 47, 3, pp. 349-368, (2008); 
Spudich, Paul K.P., Directional topographic site response at Tarzana observed in aftershocks of the 1994 Northridge, California, earthquake: Implications for mainshock motions, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 86, 1 SUPPL. B, pp. S193-S208, (1996); 
Tang, Chuan, Catastrophic debris flows on 13 August 2010 in the Qingping area, southwestern China: The combined effects of a strong earthquake and subsequent rainstorms, Geomorphology, 139-140, pp. 559-576, (2012); 
Tang, Chuan, Rainfall-triggered debris flows following the Wenchuan earthquake, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 68, 2, pp. 187-194, (2009); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2010); 
Wooten, Richard M., Geologic, geomorphic, and meteorological aspects of debris flows triggered by Hurricanes Frances and Ivan during September 2004 in the Southern Appalachian Mountains of Macon County, North Carolina (southeastern USA), Landslides, 5, 1, pp. 31-44, (2008)
PUBLISHER: China Geological Survey
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Gao, Y., Liu, Y., Geng, W., Zhang, F.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Gao, Yufeng (7404706179); Liu, Yang (55988976800); Geng, Weijuan (57221948164); Zhang, Fei (55486885200)
7404706179; 55988976800; 57221948164; 55486885200
Seismic-induced surficial failure of cohesive slopes using three-dimensional limit analysis: A case study of the Wangjiayan landslide in Beichuan, China
(2024) Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, 23 (3), pp. 537 - 545, Cited 1 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11803-024-2255-7
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85198424962&doi=10.1007%2Fs11803-024-2255-7&partnerID=40&md5=2ca4099e76b2eadca0106d7b8ecc0921

AFFILIATIONS: College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Department of Civil Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
ABSTRACT: A seismic-induced landslide is a common geological catastrophe that occurs in nature. The Wangjiayan landslide, which was triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake, is a typical case in point. The Wanjiayan landslide caused many casualties and resulted in enormous property loss. This study constructs a simple surficial failure model based on the upper bound approach of three-dimensional (3D) limit analysis to evaluate the slope stability of the Wangjiayan case, while a traditional two-dimensional (2D) analysis is also conducted as a reference for comparison with the results of the 3D analysis. A quasi-static calculation is used to study the effect of the earthquake in terms of horizontal ground acceleration, while a parametric study is conducted to evaluate the critical cohesion of slopes. Rather than employing a 3D analysis, using the 2D analysis yields an underestimation regarding the safety factor. In the Wangjiayan landslide, the difference in the factors of safety between the 3D and 2D analyses can reach 20%. The sliding surface morphology as determined by the 3D method is similar to actual morphology, and the parameters of both are also compared to analyze the reliability of the proposed 3D method. © Institute of Engineering Mechanics, China Earthquake Administration 2024.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: landslide; limit analysis; quasi-static; stability; surficial failure; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Earthquakes; Factor analysis; Failure (mechanical); Morphology; Safety factor; Slope protection; Surface morphology; 2D analysis; 3-D-analysis; 3D analysis; Case-studies; Limit analysis; Property loss; Quasi-static; Seismic-induced landslides; Surficial failure; Wenchuan Earthquake; Landslides
REFERENCES: Limit Analysis and Soil Plasticity, (1975); 
Cheng, Yung Ming, Two-dimensional slope stability analysis by limit equilibrium and strength reduction methods, Computers and Geotechnics, 34, 3, pp. 137-150, (2007); 
Ching, R. K.H., Some difficulties associated with the limit equilibrium method of slices., Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 20, 4, pp. 661-672, (1983); 
Cho, Sungeun, Evaluation of surficial stability for homogeneous slopes considering rainfall characteristics, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering - ASCE, 128, 9, pp. 756-763, (2002); 
Cui, Fangpeng, Numerical simulation of collapsing and sliding response of slope triggered by seismic dynamic action, Tongji Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Tongji University, 39, 3, pp. 445-450, (2011); 
Deng, Zhiyun, Model test and numerical simulation on the dynamic stability of the bedding rock slope under frequent microseisms, Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, 19, 4, pp. 919-935, (2020); 
Quarterly of Applied Mathematics, (1952); 
Journal of Catastrophology, (2010); 
Gao, Yufeng, An extended limit analysis of three-dimensional slope stability, Geotechnique, 63, 6, pp. 518-524, (2013); 
He, Yi, Stability assessment of three-dimensional slopes with cracks, Engineering Geology, 252, pp. 136-144, (2019)
PUBLISHER: Institute of Engineering Mechanics (IEM)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Erratum regarding previously published articles (Earthquake Research Advances (2022) 2(3), (S2772467022000288), (10.1016/j.eqrea.2022.100137))
(2024) Earthquake Research Advances, 4 (3), art. no. 100293, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.eqrea.2024.100293
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85187559556&doi=10.1016%2Fj.eqrea.2024.100293&partnerID=40&md5=a001bd502c4a2fb28b57ae90e0f74929

ABSTRACT: The publisher would like to draw the reader's attention to the following errors. “An open-accessed inventory of landslides triggered by the M<inf>S</inf> 6.8 Luding earthquake, China on September 5, 2022”(Earthquake Research Advances, 2023, 3). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eqrea.2022.100181 Received in revised form 14 October 2022. The appropriate Declaration/Conflict of Interest statements, provided by the Authors, are included below. 1. “Numerical simulation of deep-hole resistivity anomaly caused by drilling construction in Xinfengjiang geoelectric station” (Earthquake Research Advances, 2022, 2). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eqrea.2022.100139. Declaration of interest: The Authors have no interests to declare. 2. “Is clustered seismicity an indicator of regional stress? Insights from earthquake sequences in Yongning-Luguhu faulted basin, Southwest China” (Earthquake Research Advances, 2022, 2). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eqrea.2022.100138. Declaration of interest: The Authors have no interests to declare. 3. “The response law of far-field seismic ground motion of the Wenchuan earthquake and its damaging mechanism in the Loess Plateau” (Earthquake Research Advances, 2022, 2). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eqrea.2022.100114. Declaration of interest: The Authors have no interests to declare. 4. “The mechanism of slope instability due to rainfall-induced structural decay of earthquake-damaged loess” (Earthquake Research Advances, 2022, 2). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eqrea.2022.100137. Declaration of interest: The Authors have no interests to declare. 5. “Advances in the deep tectonics and seismic anisotropy of the Lijiang-Xiaojinhe fault zone in the Sichuan-Yunnan Block, Southwestern China”(Earthquake Research Advances, 2022, 2). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eqrea.2022.100116. Declaration of interest: The Authors have no interests to declare. 6. “Characteristics of ground cracks caused by the MS 6.4 Yangbi earthquake and the corresponding tectonic significance” (Earthquake Research Advances, 2022, 2). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eqrea.2022.100142. Declaration of interest: The Authors have no interests to declare. 7. “Performance of the Yangbi MS 6.4 earthquake disaster in different geomorphic units in Yunnan” (Earthquake Research Advances, 2022, 2). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eqrea.2022.100135. Declaration of interest: The Authors have no interests to declare. 8. “The advance in obtaining fault slip rate of strike slip fault-A review” (Earthquake Research Advances, 2021, 1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eqrea.2021.100032. Declaration of interest: The Authors have no interests to declare. 9. “Fault detection by reflected surface waves based on ambient noise interferometry” (Earthquake Research Advances, 2021, 1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eqrea.2021.100035. Declaration of interest: The Authors have no interests to declare. 10. “Focal mechanism and seismogenic structure of the Shiqu MS4.4 earthquake” (Earthquake Research Advances, 2021, 1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eqrea.2021.100065. Declaration of interest: The Authors have no interests to declare. 11. “A classification method of building structures based on multi-feature fusion of UAV remote sensing images” (Earthquake Research Advances, 2021, 1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eqrea.2021.100069. Declaration of interest: The Authors have no interests to declare. 12. “Experimental study on the influence of seismic subsidence of loess under bidirectional loading modes” (Earthquake Research Advances, 2021, 1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eqrea.2021.100064. Declaration of interest: The Authors have no interests to declare. 13. “MatDEM-fast matrix computing of the discrete element method” (Earthquake Research Advances, 2021, 1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eqrea.2021.100010. Declaration of interest: The Authors have no interests to declare. 14. “A multi-channel approach for automatic microseismic event association using RANSAC-based Arrival Time Event Clustering (RATEC)” (Earthquake Research Advances, 2021, 1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eqrea.2021.100008. Declaration of interest: The Authors have no interests to declare. 15. “Application of HPC and big data in post-pandemic times” (Earthquake Research Advances, 2021, 1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eqrea.2021.100006. Declaration of interest: The Authors have no interests to declare. 16. “Analysis of GAMIT/GLOBK in high-precision GNSS data processing for crustal deformation” (Earthquake Research Advances, 2021, 1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eqrea.2021.100028. Declaration of interest: The Authors have no interests to declare. 17. “General seismic wave and phase detection software driven by deep learning” (Earthquake Research Advances, 2021, 1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eqrea.2021.100029. Declaration of interest: The Authors have no interests to declare. 18. “A test method for analyzing the deformation of landslide model” (Earthquake Research Advances, 2021, 1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eqrea.2021.100031. Declaration of interest: The Authors have no interests to declare. 19 “The safety distance of a tunnel under-traversing a slope body with a landslide-prone zone” (Earthquake Research Advances, 2021, 1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eqrea.2021.100059. Declaration of interest: The Authors have no interests to declare. 20. “TransQuake: A transformer-based deep learning approach for seismic P-wave detection” (Earthquake Research Advances, 2021, 1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eqrea.2021.100004. Declaration of interest: The Authors have no interests to declare. 21. “The stress change of the major activity faults in the Weihe Graben after the Wenchuan earthquake” (Earthquake Research Advances, 2021, 1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eqrea.2021.100014. Declaration of interest: The Authors have no interests to declare. 22. “Comparative study on the deviation characteristics of post-earthquake intensity evaluation based on two intensity attenuation relationship models”(Earthquake Research Advances, 2021, 1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eqrea.2021.100025. Declaration of interest: The Authors have no interests to declare. 23. “Coseismic deformation of the 2020 Yutian MW 6.4 earthquake from Sentinel-1A and the slip inversion” (Earthquake Research Advances, 2021, 1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eqrea.2021.100027. Declaration of interest: The Authors have no interests to declare. 24. “Simulation of the water level influence on the difference within the water-tube tiltmeter in Shuangyang Lake” (Earthquake Research Advances, 2021, 1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eqrea.2021.100013. Declaration of interest: The Authors have no interests to declare. 25. “Experimental of the influence of mineral composition and normal stress on the frictional slip of shale” (Earthquake Research Advances, 2021, 1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eqrea.2021.100030. Declaration of interest: The Authors have no interests to declare. 26. “Seismic response reduction analysis of large chassis base-isolated structure under long-period ground motions” (Earthquake Research Advances, 2021, 1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eqrea.2021.100026. Declaration of interest: The Authors have no interests to declare. 27″Research progress on layered seismic anisotropy - A review” (Earthquake Research Advances, 2021, 1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eqrea.2021.100005. Declaration of interest: The Authors have no interests to declare. 28. “Illuminating high-resolution crustal fault zones using multi-scale dense arrays and airgun source” (Earthquake Research Advances, 2021, 1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eqrea.2021.100001. Declaration of interest: The Authors have no interests to declare. 29. “Fluid-driven seismicity in relatively stable continental regions: Insights from the February 3rd, 2020 MS5.1 Qingbaijiang isolated earthquake” (Earthquake Research Advances, 2021, 1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eqrea.2021.100007. Declaration of interest: The Authors have no interests to declare. 30. “Seismic imaging of the double seismic zone in the subducting slab in Northern Chile” (Earthquake Research Advances, 2021, 1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eqrea.2021.100003. Declaration of interest: The Authors have no interests to declare. 31. “Viscoelastic relaxation of the upper mantle and afterslip following the 2014 MW8.1 Iquique earthquake” (Earthquake Research Advances, 2021, 1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eqrea.2021.100002. Declaration of interest: The Authors have no interests to declare. 32. “Application of Snell's law in reflection raytracing using the multistage fast marching method” (Earthquake Research Advances, 2021, 1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eqrea.2021.100009. Declaration of interest: The Authors have no interests to declare. © 2024 China Earthquake Networks Center.
PUBLISHER: KeAi Communications Co.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Erratum
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Fernández, F., Vargas, E., Müller, A.L., Leal Sousa, R.L., e Sousa, L.R.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Fernández, Fabricio (57212385250); Vargas, Euripedes A. (56435670600); Müller, André Luís (57199147106); Leal Sousa, Rita Leal E. (54794519500); e Sousa, Luís Ribeiro (56454328300)
57212385250; 56435670600; 57199147106; 54794519500; 56454328300
Material point method modeling in 3D of the failure and run-out processes of the Daguangbao landslide
(2024) Acta Geotechnica, 19 (7), pp. 4277 - 4296, Cited 10 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11440-023-02152-4
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85179342975&doi=10.1007%2Fs11440-023-02152-4&partnerID=40&md5=39d59c7d17a3e8afae4c2cebc6550ccc

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Civil Engineering, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, AN, Chile; Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, United States; School of Engineering, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Porto, Portugal
ABSTRACT: In this work, the massive landslide of Daguangbao was modeled in 3D using the material point method (MPM). The paper focuses on modeling the failure, the run-out, and the final deposition of the failed mass in 3D. The numerical model considers in detail the distribution of materials within the domain. The materials were modeled as elastoplastic with an exponential strain-softening law. In addition, a frictional law was considered for the mass and topography interaction. The results obtained in this work show a good coincidence with the reported data in terms of kinetic energy released, failure mechanism, the final configuration of topography on the characteristic section, affected area by the event, and the formation of a nearly vertical wall in the region of the Daguangbao mountain area. Additionally, the 3D model allowed us to estimate the region affected by the event and understand the possible movement of the mass during the filling process of the Huangdongzi Valley. The analysis of the material deposited along the valley allowed the establishment of zones of potential variation of porosities, an essential characteristic given the formation of the natural dam over the Huangdongzi Valley. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2023.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Daguangbao landslide; Material point method; Run-out process; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: failure mechanism; landslide; modeling; numerical method; Sichuan earthquake 2008; three-dimensional modeling; China
REFERENCES: Abe, Keita, Numerical study on dynamic behavior of slope models including weak layers from deformation to failure using material point method, Soils and Foundations, 57, 2, pp. 155-175, (2017); 
Bardenhagen, Scott G., The material-point method for granular materials, Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 187, 3-4, pp. 529-541, (2000); 
Bardenhagen, Scott G., An improved contact algorithm for the material point method and application to stress propagation in granular material, CMES - Computer Modeling in Engineering and Sciences, 2, 4, pp. 509-522, (2001); 
Bardenhagen, Scott G., The generalized interpolation material point method, CMES - Computer Modeling in Engineering and Sciences, 5, 6, pp. 477-495, (2004); 
Nonlinear Finite Elements for Continua and Structures, (2000); 
Bhandari, Tushar, Numerical modelling of seismic slope failure using MPM, Computers and Geotechnics, 75, pp. 126-134, (2016); 
Brackbill, Jeremiah U., FLIP: A method for adaptively zoned, particle-in-cell calculations of fluid flows in two dimensions, Journal of Computational Physics, 65, 2, pp. 314-343, (1986); 
Cui, Fangpeng, Dynamic response of the Daguangbao landslide triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake with a composite hypocenter, Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk, 12, 1, pp. 2170-2193, (2021); 
Cui, Shenghua, Geological and morphological study of the Daguangbao landslide triggered by the Ms. 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Geomorphology, 370, (2020); 
Landslides Investigation and Mitigation, (1996)
PUBLISHER: Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Cai, Z., Yan, H., Li, M., Shao, W., Yang, Z.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Cai, Zhongzhou (57193853392); Yan, Haiwen (57800499500); Li, Meijun (57478461000); Shao, Wei (57653099800); Yang, Zongji (24485723300)
57193853392; 57800499500; 57478461000; 57653099800; 24485723300
Inverse Estimation of Soil Hydraulic Parameters in a Landslide Deposite Using DE-MCMC Method 基于 DE-MCMC 方法的滑坡堆积体土壤水力参数反演研究
(2024) Journal of Catastrophology, 39 (3), pp. 48 - 53, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-811X.2024.03.007
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-105005008871&doi=10.3969%2Fj.issn.1000-811X.2024.03.007&partnerID=40&md5=fc2e83028c9ed1bb023672b6321648f1

AFFILIATIONS: School of Hydrology and Water Resources, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Hydrometeorological Disaster Mechanism and Warning, Ministry of Water Resources, P.R. China, Beijing, Beijing, China; Qinghai Meteorological Disaster Prevention Technology Center, Xining, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Under extreme rainfall conditions，infiltration can dramatically increase the soil water content and pore water pressure on the weak structural surface of the landslide，which is an important factor to trigger land-slide. Therefore，soil hydrodynamic simulation is the core of landslide warning system，and the accuracy of simu-lation results depends on the parameterization of soil permeability characteristics. Taking Yindongzi landslide de-posit in Wenchuan earthquake disturbance area as an example，an infiltration model based on Richards equation according to soil water content field observation data is built. Markov Chain Monte Carlo（DE-MCMC）method is used to retrieve van Genuchten soil hydraulic parameters. The applicability of DE-MCMC algorithm is evaluated by comparing the simulated and measured soil water content. The results show that the posterior parameter inversion based on DE-MCMC algorithm greatly reduces the uncertainty of the prior parameter distribution and significantly improves the simulation accuracy of soil water content. The application of DE-MCMC method to landslide hydrolo-gy can effectively determine soil permeability characteristics and provide more reliable soil hydrodynamic simula-tion results for rainfall landslide warning. © 2024 Shaanxi Earthquake Agency. All rights reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: DE-MCMC algorithm; landslide deposit; parameter inversion; Richards equation; soil water characteristic curve; van Genuchten model
REFERENCES: undefined, (2016); 
Vereecken, Harry, Soil hydrology in the Earth system, Nature Reviews Earth and Environment, (2022); 
van Genuchten, Martinus Th., CLOSED-FORM EQUATION FOR PREDICTING THE HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY OF UNSATURATED SOILS., Soil Science Society of America Journal, 44, 5, pp. 892-898, (1980); 
undefined; 
undefined, (2013); 
undefined, (2016); 
Beven, Keith J., GLUE: 20 years on, Hydrological Processes, 28, 24, pp. 5897-5918, (2014); 
ter Braak, Cajo J.F., A Markov Chain Monte Carlo version of the genetic algorithm Differential Evolution: Easy Bayesian computing for real parameter spaces, Statistics and Computing, 16, 3, pp. 239-249, (2006); 
undefined, (2007); 
undefined, (2010)
PUBLISHER: Shaanxi Earthquake Agency
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zhao, W., You, Y., Chen, X., Yang, D.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhao, Wanyu (23973928300); You, Yong (35811595800); Chen, Xiaoqing (55739112600); Yang, Dongxu (55635875700)
23973928300; 35811595800; 55739112600; 55635875700
Application situation and considerations of debris flow deposition works
(2024) Science of Soil and Water Conservation, 22 (3), pp. 12 - 19, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.16843/j.sswc.2022001
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-105001172983&doi=10.16843%2Fj.sswc.2022001&partnerID=40&md5=9e9359a68814f6ddc724e1653e04fe03

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Institute of Exploration Technology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: [Background] The comprehensive prevention system of debris flow mainly consists of the stabilization, blockage, drainage, and deposition works. Among them, deposition work plays an important role in debris flow mitigation and thus is widely used in many engineering applications. Despite its importance, systematic research on deposition work, however, is still rare. As a result, the design of debris flow deposition projects mostly relies on the personal empirical experiences of engineers currently, regardless of the law of equilibrium deposition. [Methods] After summarizing and analyzing numerous relevant domestic and international literature, several methods regarding field investigation of the existing deposition works of debris flow, including remote sensing imagery interpretation, topographic survey, and engineering structure parameters analysis, were carried out. This is aimed at the problems concerning the diversion, equilibrium deposition, and energy dissipation measure of existing deposition works of debris flow. [Results] The debris flow storage basin became popular and has been applied in numerous engineering applications after the Wenchuan earthquake and Jiuzhaigou earthquake. The suitable conditions for debris flow storage basins include: 1) The spatial condition for the debris flow drainage channel is lacking due to the insufficient deposition space; 2) many debris flow gullies, e. g., the Jiuzhaigou gully, didn’t have the spatial condition of drainage because of the steep longitudinal gradient of gully bed; 3) many linear projects (i. e., highways and railways) pass through the middle of the debris flow fan, which makes the drainage measures of debris flow invalid. Although deposition works compensated for the measures of debris flow mitigation, some shortcomings arise and are summarized as follows: 1) The space of debris flow deposition works is not rationally utilized due to the absence of diversion and equilibrium deposition measures; 2) the design of deposition works still largely depends on personal empirical experiences; in particular, the calculation of deposition volume is obtained by estimation, which, of course, results in large errors; 3) great damage to the retaining wall occurs because there are no energy dissipation measures in the storage basin; 4) the design of traditional debris flow retaining wall does not consider the impact force of debris flow; 5) apparent contradiction between the area occupied by deposition works and the human land use arise. [Conclusions ] Given the shortcoming mentioned above, the equilibrium deposition law of deposition works of debris flow is put forward, as well as some optimization methods concerning volumetric capacity configuration, structural style, and design parameters of retaining wall. The results obtained in this study could contribute to the early design and research of the deposition works of debris flow. © 2024, Editorial Board of Science of Soil and Water Conservation. All rights reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: application situation; debris flow; equilibrium deposition; mitigation engineering; storage basin
REFERENCES: Debris Flow Research in China, (2004); 
Tang, Chuan, Triggering conditions and depositional characteristics of a disastrous debris flow event in Zhouqu city, Gansu Province, northwestern China, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 11, 11, pp. 2903-2912, (2011); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2010); 
Mountain Research, (2019); 
Liu, Jinfeng, Characteristics and hazard prediction of large-scale debris flow of Xiaojia Gully in Yingxiu Town, Sichuan Province, China, Engineering Geology, 180, pp. 55-67, (2014); 
Ouyang, Chaojun, An example of a hazard and risk assessment for debris flows—A case study of Niwan Gully, Wudu, China, Engineering Geology, 263, (2019); 
Hu, Guisheng, An effectiveness evaluation method for debris flow control engineering for cascading hydropower stations along the Jinsha River, China, Engineering Geology, 266, (2020); 
Guide to Prevention of Debris Flow, (1991); 
Hydrogeology Engineering Geology, (2015); 
Hazard Mechanism Research of Wide Gentle and Narrow Steep Channels Debris Flow in Wenchuan Earthquake Region, (2016)
PUBLISHER: Editorial Board of Science of Soil and Water Conservation
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Chen, M., Chang, M., Xu, Q., Tang, C., Dong, X., Li, L.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Chen, Ming (57199453005); Chang, Ming (36727157900); Xu, Qiang (56506033600); Tang, Chuan (35932953300); Dong, Xiujun (15758927100); Li, Linze (59137895700)
57199453005; 36727157900; 56506033600; 35932953300; 15758927100; 59137895700
Identifying potential debris flow hazards after the 2022 Mw 6.8 luding earthquake in southwestern China
(2024) Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 83 (6), art. no. 241, Cited 11 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s10064-024-03749-z
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85193824138&doi=10.1007%2Fs10064-024-03749-z&partnerID=40&md5=10c0194f0fc45ec2dcb115610be81f64

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: Earthquakes can generate large amounts of co-seismic landslide debris and unstable hillslopes, which supply abundant material sources for subsequent debris flow activities, leading to a significant increase in debris flow risk in post-seismic years. On 5 September 2022, a Mw 6.8 earthquake struck Luding County in the mountainous region of Southwestern China. To mitigate the risk of post-earthquake debris flows to infrastructure and reconstruction planning efforts in the earthquake-affected area, it is crucial to determine the location and magnitude of post-earthquake debris flow. Based on the dataset of debris flow activities for more than 10 years after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, we captured the dominant factors controlling the post-earthquake debris flow activity and developed a predictive model for the post-earthquake debris flow activity by multiple machine learning methods. Subsequently, we used the predictive model and transfer learning method to identify high-susceptibility areas for debris flows following the 2022 Luding earthquake. A volume indicator of transportable material sources (PV<inf>L</inf>) by coupling with the connectivity and the co-seismic landslide was proposed to further quantify the magnitude of debris flows. The results indicate that approximately 70% of the catchments in the Luding earthquake-affected area would remain at a slight or low debris flow activity level, while the catchments with high and very high activity are mainly located in the Moxi-Xinmin section. Overall, this research provides valuable insights for mitigating the risk of post-earthquake debris flow and developing effective strategies for reconstruction efforts. © The Author(s) 2024.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Activity intensity; Landslide connectivity; Machine learning; Post-earthquake debris flow
INDEX KEYWORDS: Catchments; Debris; Landslides; Machine learning; Runoff; Activity intensities; Affected area; Debris flow activities; Debris flows; Landslide connectivity; Machine-learning; Material sources; Post-earthquake debris flow; Predictive models; Seismic landslides; Earthquakes; aftershock; coseismic process; debris flow; earthquake event; earthquake intensity; earthquake magnitude; landslide; risk assessment; China; Luding; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Esper Angillieri, María Yanina, Debris flow susceptibility mapping using frequency ratio and seed cells, in a portion of a mountain international route, Dry Central Andes of Argentina, Catena, 189, (2020); 
Baggio, Tommaso, Advances in the simulation of debris flow erosion: The case study of the Rio Gere (Italy) event of the 4th August 2017, Geomorphology, 381, (2021); 
Bentéjac, Candice, A comparative analysis of gradient boosting algorithms, Artificial Intelligence Review, 54, 3, pp. 1937-1967, (2021); 
Bertrand, Mélanie, Debris-flow susceptibility of upland catchments, Natural Hazards, 67, 2, pp. 497-511, (2013); 
Blockeel, Hendrik, Decision trees: from efficient prediction to responsible AI, Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence, 6, (2023); 
Borselli, L., Prolegomena to sediment and flow connectivity in the landscape: A GIS and field numerical assessment, Catena, 75, 3, pp. 268-277, (2008); 
Bracken, Louise J., Sediment connectivity: A framework for understanding sediment transfer at multiple scales, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 40, 2, pp. 177-188, (2015); 
Brain, Matthew J., The control of earthquake sequences on hillslope stability, Geophysical Research Letters, 44, 2, pp. 865-872, (2017); 
Chang, Tungchiung, Application of back-propagation networks in debris flow prediction, Engineering Geology, 85, 3-4, pp. 270-280, (2006); 
Chang, Ming, Hazard assessment of debris flows in the Wenchuan earthquake-stricken area, South West China, Landslides, 14, 5, pp. 1783-1792, (2017)
PUBLISHER: Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Liu, P., Xu, Z.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Liu, Ping (55632466600); Xu, Zhengwei (57225152111)
55632466600; 57225152111
Directionality of Arias intensity in the Wenchuan Mw 7.9 earthquake, China
(2024) Engineering Geology, 335, art. no. 107530, Cited 4 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107530
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85192196631&doi=10.1016%2Fj.enggeo.2024.107530&partnerID=40&md5=f711adf679b4e792cd9dbb82df64ae69

AFFILIATIONS: School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
ABSTRACT: There is a strong correlation between Arias intensity and the possibility of earthquake-induced landslides. Since landslides have distinct sliding directions, it is necessary to investigate the directional characteristics of Arias intensity. The free-field recordings from 40 stations within 200 km of fault distance in the Wenchuan M<inf>w</inf> 7.9 earthquake were selected for this study. We discovered that the fluctuation of Arias intensity with azimuth exhibits distinct features of cosine (or sine) curve with a period of 180°, and we proposed a theoretical expression (Eq. 3) of Arias intensity considering directionality using the maximum value (I<inf>a100</inf>), the minimum value (I<inf>a00</inf>), and the polarization direction (A<inf>max</inf>). The maximum-to-minimum ratios of Arias intensity (I<inf>a100</inf>/I<inf>a00</inf>) decrease as fault distance increases and can be represented as a piecewise linear decreasing relationship that declines significantly faster in the near-middle field than in the middle-far field. The polarization directions (A<inf>max</inf>) for stations near the epicenter are consistent with the coseismic displacement directions, which should be further validated by testing various faulting styles; an estimated equation for the azimuth of the projection of the trace of fault movement on the ground surface was employed to predict A<inf>max</inf> using the fault's strike, dip, and rake. Finally, we provided a framework for constructing empirical directional model of Arias intensity using the traditional attenuation relationship, the empirical relationship of I<inf>a100</inf>/I<inf>a00</inf>, and the estimated equation of A<inf>max</inf>, as well as thereby a method for predicting Newmark displacement considering directionality. There is an imperfect solution for A<inf>max</inf> estimation, other than our work would still serve as a point of reference for future research into the regional directionality of Arias intensity. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Arias intensity; Directionality; Newmark displacement; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Faulting; Landslides; Piecewise linear techniques; Polarization; Arias intensities; Directionality; Earthquake-induced landslides; Fault distance; Newmark; Newmark displacement; Polarization direction; Strong correlation; Wenchuan Earthquake; Wenchuan M; Earthquakes; displacement; earthquake intensity; landslide; polarization; Sichuan earthquake 2008; China
REFERENCES: Abrahamson, Norman A.Bolt, Summary of the Abrahamson & Silva NGA ground-motion relations, Earthquake Spectra, 24, 1, pp. 67-97, (2008); 
Ancheta, Timothy D., NGA-West2 database, Earthquake Spectra, 30, 3, pp. 989-1005, (2014); 
Arias A, MEASURE OF EARTHQUAKE INTENSITY, pp. 438-483, (1969); 
undefined, (1996); 
Bahrampouri, Mahdi, Ground motion prediction equations for Arias Intensity using the Kik-net database, Earthquake Spectra, 37, 1, pp. 428-448, (2021); 
Boore, David M., Orientation-independent, nongeometric-mean measures of seismic intensity from two horizontal components of motion, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 100, 4, pp. 1830-1835, (2010); 
Bray, Jonathan D., Simplified procedure for estimating earthquake-iInduced deviatoric slope displacements, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering - ASCE, 133, 4, pp. 381-392, (2007); 
undefined, (1994); 
Campbell, Kenneth W., Ground motion models for the horizontal components of arias intensity (AI) and cumulative absolute velocity (CAV) using the NGA-West2 database, Earthquake Spectra, 35, 3, pp. 1289-1310, (2019); 
Chao, Weian, An automatic scheme for baseline correction of strong-motion records in coseismic deformation determination, Journal of Seismology, 14, 3, pp. 495-504, (2010)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Guo, Y., Dou, J., Xiang, Z., Ma, H., Dong, A., Luo, W.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Guo, Yanhao (59314668100); Dou, Jie (56017411000); Xiang, Zilin (58074081700); Ma, Hao (59784754000); Dong, Aonan (58608746000); Luo, Wanqi (57320527100)
59314668100; 56017411000; 58074081700; 59784754000; 58608746000; 57320527100
Susceptibility evaluation of Wenchuan coseismic landslides by gradient boosting decision tree and random forest based on optimal negative sample sampling strategies 基于优化负样本采样策略的梯度提升决策树与随机森林的汶川同震滑坡易发性评价
(2024) Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology, 43 (3), pp. 251 - 265, Cited 23 times.
DOI: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20230037
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85202190634&doi=10.19509%2Fj.cnki.dzkq.tb20230037&partnerID=40&md5=07db3e08feb7197dead45ddb580ea662

AFFILIATIONS: China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
ABSTRACT: [Objective] Strong earthquake-induced landslides are characterized by large number, wide distribution and large scale, and seriously threaten people′s lives and property. Landslide susceptibility mapping (LSM) can quickly predict the spatial distribution of prone areas, which is highly important for reducing the risk of post-earthquake disasters. However, in the studies of coseismic landslide LSMs, how to select negative landslide samples and integrate machine learning models to improve the evaluation accuracy still needs further investigation. [Methods] In this study, the landslides induced by the Wenchuan earthquake in mountainous areas are selected as a case study. First, 10 landslide influencing factors, such as topography, geological environment, and seismic parameters, are selected to analyse the spatial distribution of landslides. Then, collinearity analysis is used to test data redundancy, nonnegative sample points from the sampling strategies are randomly selected in the extremely low susceptibility regions by the frequency ratio (FR) method. Finally, gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT), random forest (RF), and their optimal models are used to predict coseismic landslide susceptibility, conduct a comparative study of the models and carry out an accuracy assessment. [Results] The results show that ① the spatial distribution of landslides is controlled by multiple factors, and ② the accuracy of the models is FR-RF(AUC= 0. 943) > FR-GBDT(AUC= 0. 926)>RF(AUC= 0. 901) >GBDT(AUC= 0. 856). ③ Selecting negative landslide samples in low susceptibility areas could significantly improve the accuracy of LSMs. [Conclusion] The research results can provide a reference for selecting negative landslide samples and constructing evaluation models, as well as for providing theoretical support for post-earthquake disaster prevention and mitigation. © Editorial Office of Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: coseismic landslide; frequency ratio (FR); gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT); landslide susceptibility mapping; machine learning; random forest (RF); sampling strategy
REFERENCES: Journal of Geological Hazards and Environment Preservation, (2020); 
2011 Aasri Conference on Applied Information Technology Aasri Ait 2011, (2011); 
Tang, Huiming, Advance and prospects of major landslides prediction and forecasting, Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology, 41, 6, pp. 1-13, (2022); 
City and Disaster Reduction, (2020); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2013); 
Wang, Xin, Research on Emergency Evaluation of Landslides Induced by the Luding Ms 6.8 Earthquake, Wuhan Daxue Xuebao (Xinxi Kexue Ban)/Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, 48, 1, pp. 25-35, (2023); 
Xiang, Zilin, Vegetation-landslide nexus and topographic changes post the 2004 Mw 6.6 Chuetsu earthquake, Catena, 223, (2023); 
Huang, Yu, Review on landslide susceptibility mapping using support vector machines, Catena, 165, pp. 520-529, (2018); 
Merghadi, Abdelaziz, Machine learning methods for landslide susceptibility studies: A comparative overview of algorithm performance, Earth-Science Reviews, 207, (2020); 
Ado, Moziihrii, Landslide Susceptibility Mapping Using Machine Learning: A Literature Survey, Remote Sensing, 14, 13, (2022)
PUBLISHER: Editorial Department of Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Li, J., Luo, Y., Zhou, Z., Nan, K.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Li, Junyi (58921321400); Luo, Yonghong (55832604800); Zhou, Zan (58921464300); Nan, Kai (57219716542)
58921321400; 55832604800; 58921464300; 57219716542
Analysis of characteristics and failure mechanism of Paodili seismic landslide in Qingchuan County 青川刨地里地震滑坡发育特征及其成因机制探讨
(2024) Acta Seismologica Sinica, 46 (3), pp. 514 - 525, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.11939/jass.20230058
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85197469187&doi=10.11939%2Fjass.20230058&partnerID=40&md5=15394eb4e414554685c19ad7bb5a2f1c

AFFILIATIONS: College of Environment and Civil Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: The problem of slope stability in high-intensity mountainous area is prominent. It is of great significance to study the relationship between geological structure and strata structure and the triggering mechanism of landslide under earthquake action. In this paper，the geological characteristics of the landslide in Qingchuan County are investigated，and the dynamic response and deformation and failure process of the 1st landslide are analyzed based on discrete element software （UDEC）. The field investigation shows that the slope of Paodili 1st landslide has a near-horizontal “upper-hard，lower-soft” stratigraphic texture，in which faults pass through the back edge of the slope. The lithologic zonation of landslide deposits shows that the lower phyllite of Paodili 1st landslide was destroyed earlier than the upper siliceous rock，and the broken time was earlier than the 2nd and 3rd landslides. The numerical simulation research reveals that the peak acceleration amplification effect is strongest in phyllite near the fault zone，with an amplification factor of 6.79. This leads to the lower phyllite first experienced tensile failure along the steep dip surface，then the upper siliceous rock mass produced tension failure. The results are in good agreement with the characteristics of the deposits in the field investigation. The dynamic response，deformation，and failure of the landslide are controlled by the fault and the upper-hard，lower soft stratigraphic texture. This study can provide a reference for seismic landslides evaluation in regions characterized by faulting and “upper-hard，lower-soft” strata. © 2024 Acta Seismologica Sinica Press. All rights reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: earthquake landslide; genetic mechanism; Shikan fault; “5·12” Wenchuan earthquake; “upper-hard, lower-soft” strata
INDEX KEYWORDS: deformation; dynamic response; failure analysis; failure mechanism; fault zone; landslide; Sichuan earthquake 2008; China; Qingchuan; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Cao, Yanbo, Discrete element simulation of deformation and movement mechanism for Tangjiashan landslide, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 30, SUPPL. 1, pp. 2878-2887, (2011); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2022); 
J Eng Geol, (2015); 
Geohazard Assessment of the Wenchuan Earthquake, (2009); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2011); 
undefined, (2015); 
Li, Chuanyou, Deformation styles of the northernmost surface rupture zone of the M s 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, Dizhen Dizhi, 31, 1, pp. 1-8, (2009); 
Water Resources and Hydropower Technology, (2020); 
Li, Qiang, Recognition of earthquake-induced landslide and spatial distribution patterns triggered by the Jiuzhaigou earthquake in August 8, 2017, National Remote Sensing Bulletin, 23, 4, pp. 785-795, (2019); 
Liu, Xinrong, Dynamic stability of slopes with interbeddings of soft and hard layers under high-frequency microseims, Yantu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 41, 3, pp. 430-438, (2019)
PUBLISHER: Acta Seismologica Sinica Press
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Liu, Y., Wang, L., Zou, Q., Li, J., Lu, Y., Li, L., Xu, B., Wang, L.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Liu, Yanguo (57200546913); Wang, Li (58037340800); Zou, Qiang (57203216238); Li, Jingji (54936610500); Lu, Yafeng Fengi (56497244700); Li, Lin (59171043100); Xu, Binni (57869613900); Wang, Lihui (58450719100)
57200546913; 58037340800; 57203216238; 54936610500; 56497244700; 59171043100; 57869613900; 58450719100
Post-disaster spatial reconstruction from the perspective of a rural settlement niche in the upper reaches of the Minjiang River
(2024) Journal of Mountain Science, 21 (5), pp. 1630 - 1646, Cited 3 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11629-023-8306-0
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85195829702&doi=10.1007%2Fs11629-023-8306-0&partnerID=40&md5=72bf663946b16f7739da585f87d19314

AFFILIATIONS: Tianfu Institute of Research and Innovation, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, China; Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Chengdu Municipal Bureau of Planning and Nature Resources, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: Post-disaster recovery and reconstruction provide an effective way to reduce the disaster vulnerability of, and promote leapfrog development in, an affected area. To date, studies that have used administrative boundaries to investigate the reconstruction of settlement space have not been able to clearly define the real boundaries of land use changes or quantify the degree of response to the ‘Build-Back-Better’ initiative, and have lacked any consideration of the fourth reconstruction stage–development period (10 years). This study constructed a mountain settlement niche and analyzed the characteristics, spatial reconstruction, and drivers of rural settlements during 2009–2019 in the upper reaches of the Minjiang River, southwest China. The results showed the following: (1) Natural factors were the basis for the formation and development of mountain settlement niches. The scale of the settlement niche and its land use structure depended on the physical geography features and the ethnic farming and grazing traditions. The settlement niche provided a realistic boundary for the spatial reconstruction. (2) The layout of residential land around cropland was the common feature of the mountain settlement niche. Of all the land use types, the roads and rural residential lands showed the most change over the 10 years; 13,860 residential patches increased in size and 4,742 patches were abandoned. (3) The area of orchards, planted to reconstruct the economy in the mountains, increased by nearly 2.5 times. (4) Collapses, landslides, and debris flow disasters and the ecological red line influenced the spatial reconstruction. While the main focus of postdisaster recovery is spatial reconstruction, initiatives should include economic and spiritual recovery, and should also achieve sustainable development of the region. © Science Press, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, CAS and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Post-Wenchuan Earthquake Reconstruction; Rural settlements; Settlement niche; Southwest China; Spatial reconstruction
INDEX KEYWORDS: disaster management; human settlement; reconstruction; residential location; rural area; spatial analysis; China; Min River [Sichuan]; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Austin, Michael Phillip, Species distribution models and ecological theory: A critical assessment and some possible new approaches, Ecological Modelling, 200, 1-2, pp. 1-19, (2007); 
Bai, Yang, New ecological redline policy (ERP) to secure ecosystem services in China, Land Use Policy, 55, pp. 348-351, (2016); 
Camaioni, Beatrice, How does space affect the allocation of the EU Rural Development Policy expenditure? A spatial econometric assessment, European Review of Agricultural Economics, 43, 3, pp. 433-473, (2016); 
Cao, Zhi, Spatial pattern and its influencing factors of specialized villages and towns in China, Dili Xuebao/Acta Geographica Sinica, 75, 8, pp. 1647-1666, (2020); 
Chen, Jiquan, Prospects for the sustainability of social-ecological systems (SES) on the Mongolian plateau: Five critical issues, Environmental Research Letters, 13, 12, (2018); 
Cheng, Long, China's rural transformation under the Link Policy: A case study from Ezhou, Land Use Policy, 103, (2021); 
Coles, John B., Decisions in Disaster Recovery Operations: A Game Theoretic Perspective on Organization Cooperation, Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management, 8, 1, (2020); 
Colwell, Robert K., Hutchinson's duality: The once and future niche, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 106, SUPPL. 2, pp. 19651-19658, (2009); 
Contreras, Diana, Monitoring recovery after earthquakes through the integration of remote sensing, GIS, and ground observations: The case of L'Aquila (Italy), Cartography and Geographic Information Science, 43, 2, pp. 115-133, (2016); 
Cui, Peng, Mountain hazards in the Tibetan Plateau: Research status and prospects, National Science Review, 2, 4, pp. 397-399, (2015)
PUBLISHER: Science Press
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zhan, X., Hu, X., Jing, Z., Xu, W., Xia, D., Ding, G.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhan, Xiaoyu (59004925500); Hu, Xudong (57204681802); Jing, Zexin (59004509700); Xu, Wennian (38562605700); Xia, Dong (36467427300); Ding, Gujie (59119365800)
59004925500; 57204681802; 59004509700; 38562605700; 36467427300; 59119365800
Variation in Debris-Flow-Prone Areas with Ecosystem Stability: A Case Study of the Qipan Catchment in the Wenchuan Earthquake Region
(2024) Sustainability (Switzerland), 16 (9), art. no. 3855, Cited 3 times.
DOI: 10.3390/su16093855
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85192725261&doi=10.3390%2Fsu16093855&partnerID=40&md5=83f30edfb0a48e5388738afddd70d514

AFFILIATIONS: China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China; College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China; College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China
ABSTRACT: The spatial distribution of vegetation in a basin has a far-reaching influence on the potential for sediment separation and transport capacity. However, many landslides induced by strong earthquakes have greatly changed the existing pattern, which further increases the probability of debris flow in a basin during heavy rainfall and has a significant impact on the stability of the basin. Thus, this study selected the debris flow basin in the Qipan catchment of the Wenchuan earthquake area as the research object. Multisource and high-precision remote sensing images were used to analyze the land use changes in the basin, and the index of connectivity (IC) was introduced to analyze the evolution of sediment transport capacity. An ecosystem stability assessment method suitable for post-earthquake debris flow basins was proposed. Through quantitative assessment of the ecosystem stability of the basin after the Wenchuan earthquake in 2008 and the two debris flow events after the earthquake, the dynamic relationship between the debris-flow-prone area and the ecosystem stability of the basin was revealed. The results showed that the stability of the ecosystem in the Qipan catchment increased annually, indicating a stable and substable state. The spatial distribution characteristics were lower in the north and south and greater in the middle. By comparing the evaluation results with the actual terrain change trend, the accuracy and feasibility of the evaluation method are verified. The results of this study provide a scientific basis for the formulation of regional disaster prevention strategies and help to accelerate the improvement of regional stability in debris-flow-prone areas. © 2024 by the authors.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: ecosystem stability; Qipan catchment; sediment connectivity; vegetation
INDEX KEYWORDS: assessment method; catchment; debris flow; disaster management; ecosystem dynamics; land use change; remote sensing; sediment transport; spatial distribution; vegetation dynamics; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Smith, Pete, REVIEW: The role of ecosystems and their management in regulating climate, and soil, water and air quality, Journal of Applied Ecology, 50, 4, pp. 812-829, (2013); 
Zhou, Yanyan, Ecosystem health assessment in debris flow-prone areas: A case study of Bailong River Basin in China, Journal of Cleaner Production, 357, (2022); 
Yin, Jiabo, Large increase in global storm runoff extremes driven by climate and anthropogenic changes, Nature Communications, 9, 1, (2018); 
Cui, Haohao, Influencing Factors and Evaluation of Groundwater Ecological Function in Arid/Semiarid Regions of China: A Review, Sustainability (Switzerland), 16, 4, (2024); 
Zhang, Jiqin, Experimental Study on Gully Erosion Characteristics of Mountain Torrent Debris Flow in a Strong Earthquake Area, Water (Switzerland), 15, 2, (2023); 
Kang, Chao, Investigation of erosion characteristics of debris flow based on historical cases, Engineering Geology, 306, (2022); 
Pimm, Stuart L., The complexity and stability of ecosystems, Nature, 307, 5949, pp. 321-326, (1984); 
Grimm, Volker, On the application of stability concepts in ecology, Ecological Modelling, 63, 1-4, pp. 143-161, (1992); 
Kéfi, Sonia, Advancing our understanding of ecological stability, Ecology Letters, 22, 9, pp. 1349-1356, (2019); 
Donohue, Ian, On the dimensionality of ecological stability, Ecology Letters, 16, 4, pp. 421-429, (2013)
PUBLISHER: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Wang, Y.-F., Cheng, Q.-G., Zhu, Q.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wang, Yufeng (36665289000); Cheng, Qiangong (7202918113); Zhu, Qi (58700865900)
36665289000; 7202918113; 58700865900
Airblast evolution initiated by Wangjiayan landslides in the Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake and its destructive capacity analysis
(2024) China Geology, 7 (2), pp. 237 - 247, Cited 2 times.
DOI: 10.31035/cg2023154
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85194738253&doi=10.31035%2Fcg2023154&partnerID=40&md5=12f37ce1a42ce7b7665ac12c6a294552

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Geological Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Survey, Chengdu Aircraft Design and Research Institute, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Airblasts, as one common phenomenon accompanied by rapid movements of landslides or rock/snow avalanches, commonly result in catastrophic damages and are attracting more and more scientific attention. To quantitatively analyze the intensity of airblast initiated by landslides, the Wangjiayan landslide, occurred in the Wenchuan earthquake, is selected here with the landslide propagation and airblast evolution being studied using FLUENT by introducing the Voellmy rheological law. The results reveal that: (1) For the Wangjiayan landslide, its whole travelling duration is only 12 s with its maximum velocity reaching 36 m/s at t=10 s; (2) corresponding to the landslide propagation, the maximum velocity, 28 m/s, of the airblast initiated by the landslide also appears at t=10 s with its maximum pressure reaching 594.8 Pa, which is equivalent to violent storm; (3) under the attack of airblast, the load suffered by buildings in the airblast zone increases to 1300 Pa at t=9.4 s and sharply decreased to –7000 Pa as the rapid decrease of the velocity of the sliding mass at t=10 s, which is seriously unfavorable for buildings and might be the key reason for the destructive collapse of buildings in the airblast zone of the Wangjiayan landslide. © 2024 Editorial Office of China Geology. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co. Ltd.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: 3D FLUENT simulation; Airblast; Building destructive collapse; Geological hazards survey engineering; Intensity; Landslide; Voellmy rheological law; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: building; computer simulation; earthquake damage; earthquake event; hazard assessment; landslide; quantitative analysis; seismic hazard; sliding; three-dimensional modeling; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Catane, Sandra G., The 17 February 2006 Guinsaugon rock slide-debris avalanche, Southern Leyte, Philippines: Deposit characteristics and failure mechanism, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 67, 3, pp. 305-320, (2008); 
Chen, Hong, A dynamic model for rainfall-induced landslides on natural slopes, Geomorphology, 51, 4, pp. 269-288, (2003); 
Cheng, Qiangong, Airblast generated by rock avalanche, pp. 841-847, (2012); 
Crosta, Giovanni Battista, Replay of the 1987 Val Pola Landslide, Italian Alps, Geomorphology, 60, 1-2, pp. 127-146, (2004); 
Cruden, David M., The rockslide and debris flow from Mount Cayley, BC, in June 1984, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 29, 4, pp. 614-626, (1992); 
Cui, Peng, The Wenchuan Earthquake (May 12, 2008), Sichuan Province, China, and resulting geohazards, Natural Hazards, 56, 1, pp. 19-36, (2011); 
Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011); 
Delaney, Keith B., The 2000 Yigong landslide (Tibetan Plateau), rockslide-dammed lake and outburst flood: Review, remote sensing analysis, and process modelling, Geomorphology, 246, pp. 377-393, (2015); 
Dreier, Lisa, Comparison of simulated powder snow avalanches with photogrammetric measurements, Annals of Glaciology, 57, 71, pp. 371-381, (2016); 
Dynamics of Rockslides and Rockfalls, (2001)
PUBLISHER: KeAi Communications Co.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Zhang, W.-J., Zhang, W., Chen, Y., Du, Y., Ji, J., Gao, Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhang, Weijie (56230316400); Zhang, Wei (59467962800); Chen, Yu (58546430100); Du, Ying (59199823100); Ji, Jian (36983916600); Gao, Yufeng (7404706179)
56230316400; 59467962800; 58546430100; 59199823100; 36983916600; 7404706179
Influence of anisotropy of fluctuation scale of cohesion random field on the run-out distance of flow-like landslides 黏聚力随机场波动范围的各向异性对流态性滑坡滑动距离的影响
(2024) Yantu Lixue/Rock and Soil Mechanics, 45 (4), pp. 1039 - 1080, Cited 3 times.
DOI: 10.16285/j.rsm.2023.0560
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85197342398&doi=10.16285%2Fj.rsm.2023.0560&partnerID=40&md5=0104e70f67d15525d4ade2ea5a86bcfe

AFFILIATIONS: Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Ltd, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
ABSTRACT: This study investigates the influence of many factors, specifically the strength parameters of geotechnical materials, on the run-out distance of flow-like landslides. Due to the limitations of field tests and laboratory experiments, strength parameters of soils usually exhibit significant spatial variability with different scales of fluctuation (SOF) in different directions, which is the anisotropy of SOF. Aiming at the influence mechanism of anisotropic SOF of the cohesion random field on the run-out distance of flow-like landslides, this study introduced the mid-point method based on the Cholesky decomposition to generate the anisotropic random field. The smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) analysis method, combined with the Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion and the non-Newtonian fluid model, was used to simulate the sliding process and run-out distance of landslides. A stochastic analysis method for the flow-like landslide motion process was established within Monte Carlo simulation framework. Then, by simulating the Yangbaodi landslide and the horizontal strata model, the applicability of the SPH method and the random field discretization method was validated. Finally, a conceptual landslide case was constructed based on the topographic data of the Wangjiayan landslide that was triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake. The study discussed the movement process under the anisotropic SOF in the random field of cohesion and analyzed the probability distribution characteristics of run-out distances. The results show that an increase in the vertical fluctuation range results in a wider range of variation in run-out distance, and the sliding distances exhibit a discrete nature; on the premise that the cohesion parameter conforms to the lognormal distribution, the distribution of the run-out distance also conforms to the same lognormal distribution, which proves that the run-out distance distribution of flow-like landslides is closely related to the distribution characteristics of inputted parameters. © 2024 Biodiversity Research Center Academia Sinica. All rights reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: anisotropy; cohesion; flow-like landslide; run-out distance; scale of fluctuation; smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH); stochastic analysis
INDEX KEYWORDS: Biodiversity; Discrete event simulation; Earthquakes; Hydrodynamics; Intelligent systems; Landslides; Monte Carlo methods; Non Newtonian flow; Non Newtonian liquids; Probability distributions; Stochastic systems; Analysis method; Cohesion; Flow-like landslide; Random fields; Runout distances; Scale of fluctuation; Smoothed particle hydrodynamic; Smoothed particle hydrodynamics; Stochastic analysis; Strength parameters; Anisotropy
REFERENCES: Griffiths, D. V., Slope stability analysis by finite elements, Geotechnique, 49, 3, pp. 387-403, (1999); 
Wang, Jiao, Cauchy problem of three-dimensional critical slip surface of slope under tension-shear failure mode, Yantu Lixue/Rock and Soil Mechanics, 43, 9, pp. 2634-2642, (2022); 
Gou, Yongping, Study on ground fracturing of the slope in front of heading face of Yangda tunnel, Yantu Lixue/Rock and Soil Mechanics, 44, pp. 548-560, (2023); 
Huang, Yu, Large deformation and failure simulations for geo-disasters using smoothed particle hydrodynamics method, Engineering Geology, 168, pp. 86-97, (2014); 
Feng, Ruofeng, Large deformation analysis of granular materials with stabilized and noise-free stress treatment in smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH), Computers and Geotechnics, 138, (2021); 
Peng, Chong, On three-dimensional SPH modelling of large-scale landslides, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 59, 1, pp. 24-39, (2022); 
Tang, Yufeng, Determination on flow rules of large deformation analysis of slope using SPH method, Yantu Lixue/Rock and Soil Mechanics, 39, 4, pp. 1509-1516, (2018); 
Tan, Wenhui, Analysis on spatial variability of strength parameter of rock mass, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 18, 5, pp. 546-549, (1999); 
Vanmarcke, Erik H., PROBABILISTIC MODELING OF SOIL PROFILES, Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, ASCE, 103, 11, pp. 1227-1246, (1977); 
Vanmarcke, Erik H., Random fields and stochastic finite elements, Structural Safety, 3, 3-4, pp. 143-166, (1986)
PUBLISHER: Biodiversity Research Center Academia Sinica
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Xie, J., Coulthard, T.J., Cao, J., Wu, J., Wang, M.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Xie, Jun (57193388488); Coulthard, Tom J. (6602655122); Cao, Juan (57204964088); Wu, Jinhui (59805315900); Wang, Ming (55732001400)
57193388488; 6602655122; 57204964088; 59805315900; 55732001400
How does landslide debris grain size control sediment transport and dynamics?
(2024) Geomorphology, 451, art. no. 109050, Cited 5 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2023.109050
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85183939956&doi=10.1016%2Fj.geomorph.2023.109050&partnerID=40&md5=09c32c054000689d93d12fc73d111e41

AFFILIATIONS: School of National Safety and Emergency Management, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; Energy and Environment Institute, University of Hull, Hull, East Yorkshire, United Kingdom; Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, Singapore; China Geological Survey, Beijing, Beijing, China; Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: The grain size of sediment delivered to a river by hillslope processes is an important factor which could impact fluvial erosion, sediment transport, and associated geomorphic changes. Grain size distribution (GSD) is increasingly recognised as an important factor for the impact of landslides on sediment pulses and long-term erosion rates. Therefore a better comprehension of grain size control on landslide-generated sediment transport and dynamics will help with understanding post-seismic fluvial processes and landscape evolution. In this study, we modelled the recovery of the Hongxi River basin affected by the Wenchuan earthquake under different landslide GSD scenarios. The CAESAR-Lisflood (CL) model was first modified to enable the spatial input of sediment GSD, which allows the model to distinguish the grain size composition of landslide sediment and the background sediment sourced from other areas. Using the modified CL model, we simulated three different landslide GSD scenarios (Original, Coarser, Finer) by altering the original landslide sediment GSD observed from a post-earthquake basin. In particular, we analysed the fate of landslide-generated sediment using a new sediment tracing function embedded in CL. This enabled us to evaluate the role of landslide GSD variation on the spatio-temporal heterogeneity of sediment transport. Our results show that the GSD of landslide material exerts a clear control on both sediment yield and channel deposition, the sediment transport of landslides disconnected to the fluvial system is more sensitive to grain size variation, while the GSD of landslides connected to the fluvial system has less impact on sediment dynamics. The duration of landslide disturbances on basin sediment dynamics can largely be dependent on the period of time (e.g., 20 years in this study basin) taken for grain coarsening (the grain size is increasing upward), which is dominated by the evacuation of fine sediments. The modelling results and findings highlight the importance of grain size distribution of landslide material and provide information to support basin sediment management and environmental risk mitigation. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: CAESAR-Lisflood; Grain coarsening; GSD variation; Landslide; Sediment dynamics;
INDEX KEYWORDS: fluvial deposit; grain size; hillslope; landscape evolution; landslide; sediment transport
REFERENCES: Armitage, John J., Transformation of tectonic and climatic signals from source to sedimentary archive, Nature Geoscience, 4, 4, pp. 231-235, (2011); 
Attal, Mikaël, Impact of change in erosion rate and landscape steepness on hillslope and fluvial sediments grain size in the Feather River basin (Sierra Nevada, California), Earth Surface Dynamics, 3, 1, pp. 201-222, (2015); 
Barbosa, Ronny Sobreira, Prediction and mapping of erodibility factors (USLE and WEPP) by magnetic susceptibility in basalt-derived soils in northeastern São Paulo state, Brazil, Environmental Earth Sciences, 78, 1, (2019); 
Bates, Paul D., A simple inertial formulation of the shallow water equations for efficient two-dimensional flood inundation modelling, Journal of Hydrology, 387, 1-2, pp. 33-45, (2010); 
Cendrero Uceda, A., The contribution of landslides to landscape evolution in Europe, Geomorphology, 15, 3-4 SPEC. ISS., pp. 191-211, (1996); 
Coulthard, Tom J., A cellular model of Holocene upland river basin and alluvial fan evolution, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 27, 3, pp. 269-288, (2002); 
Coulthard, Tom J., Integrating the LISFLOOD-FP 2D hydrodynamic model with the CAESAR model: Implications for modelling landscape evolution, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 38, 15, pp. 1897-1906, (2013); 
Crosta, Giovanni Battista, Fragmentation in the Val Pola rock avalanche, Italian Alps, Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 112, 1, (2007); 
Dadson, Simon J., Earthquake-triggered increase in sediment delivery from an active mountain belt, Geology, 32, 8, pp. 733-736, (2004); 
Domènech, Guillem, Modelling the role of material depletion, grain coarsening and revegetation in debris flow occurrences after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Engineering Geology, 250, pp. 34-44, (2019)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Chen, M., Tang, C., Chang, M., Xiong, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Chen, Ming (57199453005); Tang, Chuan (35932953300); Chang, Ming (36727157900); Xiong, Jiang (57217517892)
57199453005; 35932953300; 36727157900; 57217517892
Seismically induced hillslope disturbance, sediment connectivity and mass wasting: Insights from the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake
(2024) Geomorphology, 449, art. no. 109064, Cited 8 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2024.109064
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85183555242&doi=10.1016%2Fj.geomorph.2024.109064&partnerID=40&md5=d7863da8f5e0c66806d37567f192f9e5

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: A mega-earthquake in a mountainous region can trigger thousands of landslides. Subsequently, these loose co-seismic materials will experience the erosion-transport-sediment process. This process is closely associated with a series of cascading hazards, such as landslides, debris flows and floods. The disturbance and legacy effects of earthquakes have become the focus of attention for post-earthquake reconstruction and disaster mitigation. By combining the modeling of seismic-induced landslide magnitude with an analysis of the coseismic material sediment connectivity and transfer processes, we assessed the impacts of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake on the mass balance and subsequent geohazard activities. The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake produced 22,785 Mt of deposit storage, 37.9 % of which (∼8636 Mt) is connected to the channels and prone to erosion and transfer by hydrodynamic forces, and the remaining 62.1 % (∼14,149 Mt) was deposited on hillslopes far from the channel network and contributed little to the sediment dynamics. Long-term field observations found a causal relationship between decreasing surface erosion rate and gradual healing of co-seismic deposits due to coarsening by progressive removal of fine grains. We evaluated the residence time of fine-grained (<0.25 mm) landslide materials using the post-earthquake sediment evacuation rate and identified three stages regarding the enhanced erosion and surface mass wasting after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, namely, the high activity period (within 40.6 ± 5.4 years), the low activity period (40.6 ± 5.4–107.1 ± 14.2 years), and the steady period (after 107.1 ± 14.2 years). This has important implications for the hazard assessment of landslides and debris flows in understanding and modeling the post-seismic geohazard evolution over multiple timescales. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Hillslope disturbance; Landslide-channel connectivity; Mass wasting; Post-seismic hazards
INDEX KEYWORDS: connectivity; coseismic process; debris flow; erosion rate; hillslope; landslide; sediment transport; seismic hazard; Sichuan earthquake 2008
REFERENCES: Basharat, Muhammad, Spatial distribution analysis of mass movements triggered by the 2005 Kashmir earthquake in the Northeast Himalayas of Pakistan, Geomorphology, 206, pp. 203-214, (2014); 
Brain, Matthew J., The control of earthquake sequences on hillslope stability, Geophysical Research Letters, 44, 2, pp. 865-872, (2017); 
Brain, Matthew J., Controls on Post-Seismic Landslide Behavior in Brittle Rocks, Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 126, 9, (2021); 
Breiman, Leo, Random forests, Machine Learning, 45, 1, pp. 5-32, (2001); 
Chang, Ming, Coseismic landslides induced by the 2018 Mw 6.6 Iburi, Japan, Earthquake: spatial distribution, key factors weight, and susceptibility regionalization, Landslides, 18, 2, pp. 755-772, (2021); 
Chen, Xiaoli, Impact of slope stability changes on landslide activity near the epicenter of the 2008 Wenchuan Ms8.0 earthquake, China, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 80, 7, pp. 5259-5270, (2021); 
Chen, Hongxin, Mechanisms and runout characteristics of the rainfall-triggered debris flow in Xiaojiagou in Sichuan Province, China, Natural Hazards, 62, 3, pp. 1037-1057, (2012); 
Chen, Ming, The long-term evolution of landslide activity near the epicentral area of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China, Geomorphology, 367, (2020); 
Chen, Ming, Temporal and spatial differentiation in the surface recovery of post-seismic landslides in Wenchuan earthquake-affected areas, Ecological Informatics, 64, (2021); 
Chen, Ming, Changes of surface recovery at coseismic landslides and their driving factors in the Wenchuan earthquake-affected area, Catena, 210, (2022)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Chen, M., Tang, C., Xiong, J., Chang, M., Li, N.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Chen, Ming (57199453005); Tang, Chuan (35932953300); Xiong, Jiang (57217517892); Chang, Ming (36727157900); Li, Ning (57211181445)
57199453005; 35932953300; 57217517892; 36727157900; 57211181445
Spatio-temporal mapping and long-term evolution of debris flow activity after a high magnitude earthquake
(2024) Catena, 236, art. no. 107716, Cited 25 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.catena.2023.107716
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85178123747&doi=10.1016%2Fj.catena.2023.107716&partnerID=40&md5=24fc6920ec19080c5b9414c2ebed6edf

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; School of Sciences, Xihua University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: A high-magnitude earthquake can trigger substantial amounts of co-seismic debris and unstable hillslopes in mountainous regions, which leads to a significant increase in the frequency and magnitude of post-earthquake debris flows. The long-term impacts of earthquakes on the debris flow activity have not been fully understood, primarily because of a lack of multi-temporal mapping inventories of debris flow activity. Therefore, it is crucial to analyze the spatio-temporal evolution of debris flow activities and their driving factors after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake for disaster risk management and mitigation from a dynamic perspective. We used the fusion of remote sensing data to develop the first systematic multi-temporal inventory of debris flow activity to quantify changes in spatial and temporal activity of post-earthquake debris flows from 2008 to 2021. Subsequently, we examined the control of material sources, topographic and hydrological factors on the evolution of post-earthquake debris flow activities. A close relationship between the decline in debris flow activity and the reduced active material sources was observed in both time and space, so the supply capacity of hillslope deposits after the earthquake was the first-order indicator controlling post-earthquake debris flow activity. With the progressive depletion and stabilization of co-seismic landslide materials over time, topographic and hydrological factors occupied a dominant role in the occurrence of debris flow. In general, an oscillatory decay pattern of debris flow activity over time was observed after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. We observed that the period of post-earthquake debris flow activity varied considerably in different regions attributed to the magnitude of the earthquake, and the geological and climatic environments. Based on the debris flow channel disturbances, the dynamic evolution of landslide materials and hydrodynamics, we divided the debris flow active period after the Wenchuan earthquake into three phases: high activity period (lasting 2 ∼ 5 years), medium activity period (lasting 3 ∼ 10 years), and low activity period (lasting 9 ∼ 18 years). Following the above three activity periods, the debris flow activity will evolve into a steady period. We also proposed a quantitative model for debris flow activeness in the main Wenchuan earthquake-affected area, which predicts that the activeness of debris flows will tend to pre-earthquake levels in 46 years following the earthquake. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flow activity; Driving factor; Remote sensing; Spatio-temporal evolution; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: debris flow; earthquake magnitude; environmental factor; hillslope; landslide; long-term change; mapping method; remote sensing; Sichuan earthquake 2008; spatiotemporal analysis
REFERENCES: Basharat, Muhammad, Spatial distribution analysis of mass movements triggered by the 2005 Kashmir earthquake in the Northeast Himalayas of Pakistan, Geomorphology, 206, pp. 203-214, (2014); 
Chen, Ming, The long-term evolution of landslide activity near the epicentral area of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China, Geomorphology, 367, (2020); 
Chen, Ming, Temporal and spatial differentiation in the surface recovery of post-seismic landslides in Wenchuan earthquake-affected areas, Ecological Informatics, 64, (2021); 
Chen, Ming, Quantitative assessment of physical fragility of buildings to the debris flow on 20 August 2019 in the Cutou gully, Wenchuan, southwestern China, Engineering Geology, 293, (2021); 
Chen, Ming, Changes of surface recovery at coseismic landslides and their driving factors in the Wenchuan earthquake-affected area, Catena, 210, (2022); 
Cheung, Derek J., Debris flow occurrence under changing climate and wildfire regimes: A southern California perspective, Geomorphology, 422, (2023); 
Dahlquist, Maxwell P., Initiation and Runout of Post-Seismic Debris Flows: Insights From the 2015 Gorkha Earthquake, Geophysical Research Letters, 46, 16, pp. 9658-9668, (2019); 
Dai, Lanxin, Coseismic Debris Remains in the Orogen Despite a Decade of Enhanced Landsliding, Geophysical Research Letters, 48, 19, (2021); 
de Haas, Tjalling, How memory effects, check dams, and channel geometry control erosion and deposition by debris flows, Scientific Reports, 10, 1, (2020); 
Densmore, Alexander Logan, Transient landscapes at fault tips, Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 112, 3, (2007)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Song, J., Lu, Z., Pan, Y., Ji, J., Gao, Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Song, Jian (55577488000); Lu, Zhuxi (57700337100); Pan, Yuhang (58749248400); Ji, Jian (36983916600); Gao, Yufeng (7404706179)
55577488000; 57700337100; 58749248400; 36983916600; 7404706179
Investigation of seismic displacements in bedding rock slopes by an extended Newmark sliding block model
(2024) Landslides, 21 (3), pp. 461 - 477, Cited 20 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s10346-023-02170-z
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85178956927&doi=10.1007%2Fs10346-023-02170-z&partnerID=40&md5=ad8f605d2399c89edb8fdfc989d17f78

AFFILIATIONS: Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
ABSTRACT: Earthquake-induced plane failure is typically generated on bedding rock slopes. This failure mode has been widely observed in the past earthquakes in Western China (e.g., Wenchuan earthquake). Among them, the multi-slip plane failure may occur with the presence of multiple bedding planes or internal discontinuities within the slopes. This study developed an extended Newmark sliding block model to investigate the multi-slip seismic displacements of the bedding rock slopes. The unified formulation is presented for seismic sliding analysis of bedding rock slopes with arbitrary numbers and inclinations of bedding planes. Both horizontal and vertical earthquake ground motions and the possible amplifications that may result from site and topographic effects are considered. The developed model is validated by the results from shaking table test. The multi-slip mechanism and the effects of dip angle of bedding planes and vertical ground motion are investigated. The results show that (1) the multi-slip failure evolution is different to that identified from the traditional method, indicating the significant interactions among the seismic sliding behavior associated with bedding planes. (2) The influence of the vertical component of ground motion on the multi-sliding displacement is within a range of 20%. (3) The dip angle of sliding planes has a large effect on the sliding displacement, even if the yield coefficient remains the same. Finally, the proposed method is used to evaluate the seismic displacement and performance of the Liujiawan landslide that was triggered in Wenchuan earthquake. © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2023.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Bedding rock slope; Multi-slip mechanism; Newmark sliding block method; Shaking table test
INDEX KEYWORDS: Earthquake effects; Bedding planes; Bedding rock slope; Multi-slip mechanism; Newmark; Newmark sliding block method; Seismic displacement; Shaking table tests; Sliding block method; Sliding blocks; Slip-mechanism; Rocks; bedding plane; discontinuity; displacement; failure mechanism; ground motion; seismic response; shaking table test; slip rate
REFERENCES: Ancheta, Timothy D., NGA-West2 database, Earthquake Spectra, 30, 3, pp. 989-1005, (2014); 
Bhasin, Rajinder Kumar, Static and dynamic simulation of a 700-m high rock slope in western Norway, Engineering Geology, 71, 3-4, pp. 213-226, (2004); 
Che, Ailan, Wave propagations through jointed rock masses and their effects on the stability of slopes, Engineering Geology, 201, pp. 45-56, (2016); 
Chiu, Chia Chi, DEM simulation of planar sliding using a particulate interface model considering velocity-dependent friction, Computers and Geotechnics, 112, pp. 51-59, (2019); 
Cui, Shenghua, Characterizing the spatial distribution, frequency, geomorphological and geological controls on landslides triggered by the 1933 Mw 7.3 Diexi Earthquake, Sichuan, China, Geomorphology, 403, (2022); 
Du, Wenqi, Effects of directionality and vertical component of ground motions on seismic slope displacements in Newmark sliding-block analysis, Engineering Geology, 239, pp. 13-21, (2018); 
Fan, Gang, Dynamic Response and Dynamic Failure Mode of a Weak Intercalated Rock Slope Using a Shaking Table, Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 49, 8, pp. 3243-3256, (2016); 
Gischig, Valentin Samuel, On the seismic response of deep-seated rock slope instabilities - Insights from numerical modeling, Engineering Geology, 193, pp. 1-18, (2015); 
Has, Baator, Role of geological structure in the occurrence of earthquake-induced landslides, the case of the 2007 Mid-Niigata Offshore Earthquake, Japan, Engineering Geology, 182, PA, pp. 25-36, (2014); 
He, Jianxian, Seismic response characteristics and deformation evolution of the bedding rock slope using a large-scale shaking table, Landslides, 18, 8, pp. 2835-2853, (2021)
PUBLISHER: Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Cui, S., Pei, X., Huang, R., Zhu, L., Yang, H., Liang, Y., Zhu, C.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Cui, Shenghua (56660242900); Pei, Xiangjun (14058672500); Huang, Runqiu (55835407700); Zhu, Ling (57210012612); Yang, Hailong (57211190609); Liang, Yufei (57208153398); Zhu, Chun (57198886318)
56660242900; 14058672500; 55835407700; 57210012612; 57211190609; 57208153398; 57198886318
The analysis of seismic induced progressive instability and failure mechanisms: A case study
(2024) International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 174, art. no. 105646, Cited 15 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmms.2024.105646
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85182606105&doi=10.1016%2Fj.ijrmms.2024.105646&partnerID=40&md5=ba050fb88aabc35cdf8a96ede5548d69

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; School of Earth Sciences, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
ABSTRACT: The 2008 Wenchuan Ms8.0 earthquake triggered a catastrophic landslide, i.e., the Daguangbao (DGB) landslide (1.2 ✕ 109 m3). Its shear failure occurred within a deep-seated (average depth of 400 m) saturated carbonate bedding fault in the Paleozoic Formation. The frequent seismic events in the tectonic belt make the landslide initiation mechanism more complex. Shake table tests were conducted on the DGB landslide to understand the coupling effect of multiple earthquakes, geology and hydrology. The results showed that the multiple earthquakes weakened the friction coefficient as the Boltzmann function on the sliding surface of the landslide. The friction law of the basal surface related to seismic energy was established and incorporated into the Newmark analysis. And the seismic energy consumed in the steep scarp surface release of landslide during an earthquake is also considered. It found that the traditional Newmark model overestimates the time for earthquake-induced landslides due to ignoring the steep scarp surface release stage. It proposed that evaluating pre-earthquake induced slope damage, and critical seismic energy for triggering co-seismic landslides are important for predicting post-seismic landslides. © 2024
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Co-seismic landslide; Energy; Initiation mechanism; Newmark; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Failure (mechanical); Friction; Landslides; Co-seismic landslide; Daguangbao landslides; Energy; Failure mechanism; Initiation mechanism; Instability mechanisms; Newmark; Seismic energy; Seismic landslides; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes; coseismic process; failure mechanism; induced response; instability; landslide; shaking table test; Sichuan earthquake 2008
REFERENCES: He, Jianxian, Seismic response characteristics and deformation evolution of the bedding rock slope using a large-scale shaking table, Landslides, 18, 8, pp. 2835-2853, (2021); 
Chigira, Masahiro, Landslides induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China, Geomorphology, 118, 3-4, pp. 225-238, (2010); 
Fan, Xuanmei, Coseismic landslides triggered by the 8th August 2017 M s 7.0 Jiuzhaigou earthquake (Sichuan, China): factors controlling their spatial distribution and implications for the seismogenic blind fault identification, Landslides, 15, 5, pp. 967-983, (2018); 
Cao, Juan, Susceptibility assessment of landslides triggered by earthquakes in the Western Sichuan Plateau, Catena, 175, pp. 63-76, (2019); 
Qi, Shengwen, An analytical solution to slip buckling slope failure triggered by earthquake, Engineering Geology, 194, pp. 4-11, (2015); 
Qi, Shengwen, Spatial distribution analysis of landslides triggered by 2008.5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake, China, Engineering Geology, 116, 1-2, pp. 95-108, (2010); 
Huang, Runqiu, Cataclastic characteristics and formation mechanism of rock mass in sliding zone of Daguangbao landslide, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 35, 1, pp. 1-15, (2016); 
Wang, Gonghui, A large landslide triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan (M8.0) earthquake in Donghekou area: Phenomena and mechanisms, Engineering Geology, 182, PB, pp. 148-157, (2014); 
Large Scale Landslides Induced by the Wenchuan Earthquake, (2009); 
Chigira, Masahiro, Geological causes and geomorphological precursors of the Tsaoling landslide triggered by the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake, Taiwan, Engineering Geology, 68, 3-4, pp. 259-273, (2003)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier Ltd
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Sridharan, A., Gutjahr, G., Gopalan, S.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Sridharan, Aadityan (57191845286); Gutjahr, Georg (24334720500); Gopalan, Sundararaman (7005042829)
57191845286; 24334720500; 7005042829
Markov–Switching Spatio–Temporal Generalized Additive Model for Landslide Susceptibility
(2024) Environmental Modelling and Software, 173, art. no. 105892, Cited 8 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.envsoft.2023.105892
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85181823576&doi=10.1016%2Fj.envsoft.2023.105892&partnerID=40&md5=1c783656ab58224341870b366786b834

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Physics, Amrita University, Amritapuri Campus, Kollam, KL, India; Amrita University, Amritapuri Campus, Kollam, KL, India; Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Amrita University, Amritapuri Campus, Kollam, KL, India
ABSTRACT: Statistical susceptibility models predict the occurrence of landslides, which is the first step toward landslide hazard estimation. However, most of the models in the literature do not consider spatiotemporal dependencies among landslide occurrences. This work introduces a novel Markov-Switching Spatio-Temporal Generalized Additive Model (MSST-GAM) for landslide susceptibility. This model predicts an unobserved sequence of risk states using nonlinear functions of time-dependent covariates. Spatial dependencies are modeled by a neighborhood structure. The model was applied to a multi-temporal inventory of post-seismic debris flow in a region affected by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. A five-fold spatiotemporal cross-validation is used to evaluate the model performance. It is observed that the MSST-GAM improved the performance significantly over GAM and Logistic Regression model in terms of AUC-ROC. Additionally, MSST-GAM improves the mean log-likelihood by 24.1% compared to GAM. The results show that the newly proposed model is a viable alternative for landslide susceptibility mapping. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flow; Landslide susceptibility models; Markov switching GAM; Spatiotemporal
INDEX KEYWORDS: Additives; Debris; Earthquakes; Regression analysis; Debris flows; Generalized additive model; Landslide hazard; Landslide susceptibility; Landslide susceptibility model; Markov switching; Markov switching GAM; Spatio-temporal; Spatio-temporal dependencies; Spatiotemporal; Landslides; debris flow; environmental modeling; hazard assessment; inventory; landslide; neighborhood; Sichuan earthquake 2008; spatiotemporal analysis
REFERENCES: Antoniadis, Anestis A., Regularization of wavelet approximations, Journal of the American Statistical Association, 96, 455, pp. 939-955, (2001); 
Bai, Shibiao, Combined landslide susceptibility mapping after Wenchuan earthquake at the Zhouqu segment in the Bailongjiang Basin, China, Catena, 99, pp. 18-25, (2012); 
Bhuyan, Kushanav, Generating multi-temporal landslide inventories through a general deep transfer learning strategy using HR EO data, Scientific Reports, 13, 1, (2023); 
Brenning, Alexander, Spatial prediction models for landslide hazards: Review, comparison and evaluation, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 5, 6, pp. 853-862, (2005); 
Brenning, Alexander, Spatial cross-validation and bootstrap for the assessment of prediction rules in remote sensing: The R package sperrorest, International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), pp. 5372-5375, (2012); 
Cama, M., Exploring relationships between grid cell size and accuracy for debris-flow susceptibility models: a test in the Giampilieri catchment (Sicily, Italy), Environmental Earth Sciences, 75, 3, pp. 1-21, (2016); 
Cantarino, Isidro, A ROC analysis-based classification method for landslide susceptibility maps, Landslides, 16, 2, pp. 265-282, (2019); 
Chen, Wei, Spatial prediction of landslide susceptibility by combining evidential belief function, logistic regression and logistic model tree, Geocarto International, 34, 11, pp. 1177-1201, (2019); 
Egu General Assembly 2022, (2022); 
Chen, Ming, Changes of surface recovery at coseismic landslides and their driving factors in the Wenchuan earthquake-affected area, Catena, 210, (2022)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier Ltd
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Chen, M., Luo, Y., Tang, C., Li, N.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Chen, Ming (57199453005); Luo, Yuting (57225212131); Tang, Chuan (35932953300); Li, Ning (57211181445)
57199453005; 57225212131; 35932953300; 57211181445
Quantitative assessment of expected direct economic losses of buildings for debris flows in multiple rainfall intensity scenarios in Yangling Gully, Southwest China
(2024) Natural Hazards, 120 (3), pp. 2993 - 3014, Cited 5 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11069-023-06315-0
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85177798937&doi=10.1007%2Fs11069-023-06315-0&partnerID=40&md5=689e23cd4d429d1083e02d8dd1e76be6

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Sichuan Academy of Safety Science and Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; School of Sciences, Xihua University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: The potential risks associated with debris flows have significantly increased due to changes in global climate, population growth, and economic development. Despite the high susceptibility of debris flows in the Wenchuan earthquake-affected area, few studies have focused on quantitative risk assessment methods for debris flows. To overcome this shortcoming, we proposed an integrated approach by using a probability-based model and numerical simulations to quantify the expected direct economic losses of buildings for debris flows under multiple rainfall intensity scenarios. First, we simulated the hazard processes of debris flows with recurrence periods of 20, 50, 100, and 200 years and obtained the distribution of debris flow intensities defined by the momentum flux. Then, we assessed the direct economic losses for each building related to different recurrence periods based on fragility curves and debris flow intensity maps. The results show that the risk loss of different hazard scenarios increases dramatically with an increase in debris flow magnitude. This methodology provides visual and quantitative risk assessment for specific buildings affected by debris flows, enabling authorities and decision-makers to reduce risk and optimize risk management strategies. It is a rapid and effective way to assess the capacity of the built environment to resist the risk of debris flows in the Wenchuan earthquake-affected areas. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2023.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flow; FLO-2D; Fragility curve; Multiple rainfall intensity scenarios; Quantitative risk assessment
INDEX KEYWORDS: debris flow; flow modeling; hazard assessment; numerical model; precipitation intensity; quantitative analysis; risk assessment; sediment transport; two-dimensional flow; China; Shaanxi; Yangling
REFERENCES: Ali, Sk Ajim, GIS-based landslide susceptibility modeling: A comparison between fuzzy multi-criteria and machine learning algorithms, Geoscience Frontiers, 12, 2, pp. 857-876, (2021); 
Baggio, Tommaso, Advances in the simulation of debris flow erosion: The case study of the Rio Gere (Italy) event of the 4th August 2017, Geomorphology, 381, (2021); 
Bout, Bastian Van Den, Integration of two-phase solid fluid equations in a catchment model for flashfloods, debris flows and shallow slope failures, Environmental Modelling and Software, 105, pp. 1-16, (2018); 
Chang, Ming, Hazard assessment of debris flows in the Wenchuan earthquake-stricken area, South West China, Landslides, 14, 5, pp. 1783-1792, (2017); 
Chang, Ming, Hazard assessment of a catastrophic mine waste debris flow of Hou Gully, Shimian, China, Engineering Geology, 275, (2020); 
Chang, Ming, Catastrophe process of outburst debris flow triggered by the landslide dam failure, Journal of Hydrology, 609, (2022); 
Chen, Ming, The long-term evolution of landslide activity near the epicentral area of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China, Geomorphology, 367, (2020); 
Chen, Qin, Assessment of the physical vulnerability of buildings affected by slow-moving landslides, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 20, 9, pp. 2547-2565, (2020); 
Chen, Ming, Temporal and spatial differentiation in the surface recovery of post-seismic landslides in Wenchuan earthquake-affected areas, Ecological Informatics, 64, (2021); 
Chen, Ming, Quantitative assessment of physical fragility of buildings to the debris flow on 20 August 2019 in the Cutou gully, Wenchuan, southwestern China, Engineering Geology, 293, (2021)
PUBLISHER: Springer Science and Business Media B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wang, X., Fan, X., Fang, C., Dai, L., Zhang, W., Zheng, H., Xu, Q.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wang, Xin (57202370573); Fan, Xuanmei (12752112800); Fang, Chengyong (57887775600); Dai, Lanxin (57196005924); Zhang, Wei (59284111400); Zheng, Hongrui (57199646343); Xu, Qiang (56506033600)
57202370573; 12752112800; 57887775600; 57196005924; 59284111400; 57199646343; 56506033600
Long-Term Landslide Evolution and Restoration After the Wenchuan Earthquake Revealed by Time-Series Remote Sensing Images
(2024) Geophysical Research Letters, 51 (2), art. no. e2023GL106422, Cited 23 times.
DOI: 10.1029/2023GL106422
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85183867400&doi=10.1029%2F2023GL106422&partnerID=40&md5=f635627f985fe1c587e32da06fe765eb

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; School of Geoscience and Technology, Southwest Petroleum University China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: A powerful earthquake, particularly in mountainous regions, has the ability to trigger an immense number of landslides, resulting in severe damages. However, effectively assessing their recoveries in the years following the mainshocks has not yet been attempted due to the lack of continuously updated landslide inventories. Therefore, we proposed a novel detection framework utilizing time-series Landsat images from 2000 to 2021, which enabled us to achieve a long-term landslide inventory in the seismic zone for the first time. The response patterns of landslide development under different conditions were explored in detail. The restoration models were quantitatively established, revealing that the recoveries of post-earthquake landslide activity and vital environmental indicators require a range from ∼5.29 to ∼25.00 years. This pioneering research is highly beneficial in comprehending the impact of earthquake-induced hazards on short-term land surface damage and long-term ecological equilibrium. © 2024. The Authors.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: continuous remote sensing monitoring; land cover disturbance; post-seismic landslide evolution; vegetation restoration; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Earthquakes; Remote sensing; Restoration; Time series; Continuous remote sensing monitoring; Land cover; Land cover disturbance; Landslide inventories; Post-seismic landslide evolution; Remote sensing monitoring; Seismic landslides; Times series; Vegetation restoration; Wenchuan Earthquake; Landslides; land surface; Landsat; remote sensing; restoration ecology; satellite imagery; seismic zone; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Chen, Ming, The long-term evolution of landslide activity near the epicentral area of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China, Geomorphology, 367, (2020); 
Crippen, Robert E., Nasadem global elevation model: Methods and progress, International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences - ISPRS Archives, 41, pp. 125-128, (2016); 
Cruden, David M., A simple definition of a landslide, Bulletin of the International Association of Engineering Geology - Bulletin de l'Association Internationale de Géologie de l'Ingénieur, 43, 1, pp. 27-29, (1991); 
Cui, Peng, The mechanisms behind shallow failures in slopes comprised of landslide deposits, Engineering Geology, 180, pp. 34-44, (2014); 
Dai, Fuchu, Rock avalanches triggered by oblique-thrusting during the 12 May 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Geomorphology, 132, 3-4, pp. 300-318, (2011); 
Modis Terra Vegetation Indices 16 Day L3 Global 250m Sin Grid V061, (2021); 
Fan, Xuanmei, Two multi-temporal datasets that track the enhanced landsliding after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Earth System Science Data, 11, 1, pp. 35-55, (2019); 
Fan, Xuanmei, Earthquake-Induced Chains of Geologic Hazards: Patterns, Mechanisms, and Impacts, Reviews of Geophysics, 57, 2, pp. 421-503, (2019); 
Fan, Xuanmei, Rapidly Evolving Controls of Landslides After a Strong Earthquake and Implications for Hazard Assessments, Geophysical Research Letters, 48, 1, (2021); 
Frattini, Paolo, The role of material properties and landscape morphology on landslide size distributions, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 361, pp. 310-319, (2013)
PUBLISHER: John Wiley and Sons Inc
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Li, L., Robinson, L.F., Li, G.K., Hedding, D.W., Xian, F., Xu, Z., Li, L., Ouyang, S., Li, T., Li, G.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Li, Laifeng (57188729713); Robinson, Laura F. (7202234116); Li, Gen K. (57223190125); Hedding, David William (22955638100); Xian, Feng (36081411200); Xu, Zhewen (57345553500); Li, Le (57191834075); Ouyang, Shenghui (57210134281); Li, Tao (55934913700); Li, Gaojun (14627592900)
57188729713; 7202234116; 57223190125; 22955638100; 36081411200; 57345553500; 57191834075; 57210134281; 55934913700; 14627592900
Multi-isotopic constraints on the impacts of landslide on weathering and erosion in an active mountain range
(2024) Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 626, art. no. 118527, Cited 8 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.epsl.2023.118527
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85179586820&doi=10.1016%2Fj.epsl.2023.118527&partnerID=40&md5=ed6983e0cb1281c9e95e38bff06b8400

AFFILIATIONS: School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Surficial Geochemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States; Department of Geography, University of South Africa, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa; Institute of Earth Environment, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
ABSTRACT: In active mountains, landslides are the primary agent of erosion that readily generates materials with high weatherability. Understanding the linkage between landslide activity, erosion, and chemical weathering is critical for assessing how tectonic uplift affects the carbon cycle and Earth's climate. However, quantifying the contribution to chemical weathering and erosion fluxes from landslides remains challenging because of the lack of effective tracers related to landslide activities. Recent studies suggest that a suite of isotopic tracers, including the U, Sr and Be isotopes, have the potential to trace solutes and materials associated with landslide activities. Here we use three isotope ratios (234U/238U, 10Be/9Be, 87Sr/86Sr) to quantify the contribution to solid and solute fluxes from landslides in the tectonic-active eastern Tibetan mountains. We focus on 22 small catchments (drainage area < 50 km2) draining the epicentral region of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake using samples collected in 2018 and 2019. Landslide seepage water and landslide sediment samples are used to constrain the landslide-weathering end-member. Tree branch and regolith topsoil samples are used to characterize the weathering end-member of regolith. We show that the U-Be-Sr isotopes can trace the solutes and solids sourced from landslide debris and quantify that landslides contribute 33.1 ± 16.2% (1SE) to the riverine solutes and 43.4 ± 20.8% (1SE) to the riverbed silt-sized sediment. These proportions are lower than the landslide-derived proportions in high-order catchments immediately (1 to 4 years) after the Wenchuan earthquake, which may relate to changes in landslide-material inputs across drainage networks and/or weathering processes over time. We also found that across 87 catchments with variable basin areas (from <1 km2 to ∼20,000 km2) draining the broad eastern Tibetan mountains, the 234U/238U activity ratio of river water silt-sized riverbed sediment shows distinct characteristics for the catchments grouped by mean slope angles (mean slope angles shallower versus steeper than a common threshold angle of 32°). These findings suggest that U isotopes are a promising tracer of landslide-sourced solutes and materials. Overall, our work provides a case study showing that a multi-isotope approach can be used to quantify the impacts of landslides on erosion and weathering, providing new insights into how tectonic activities could affect the carbon cycle. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.
INDEX KEYWORDS: Catchments; Earthquakes; Isotopes; Landforms; Runoff; Sediments; Seepage; Tectonics; Weathering; Carbon cycles; Chemical erosion; Chemical weathering; Earth's climate; Endmembers; Mountain ranges; Slope angles; Tectonic uplift; Tibetans; Weatherability; Erosion; chemical weathering; erosion; isotopic ratio; landslide; mountain region; solute; China; Xizang
REFERENCES: Andersen, Morten B., Uranium isotope fractionation, Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, 82, pp. 799-850, (2017); 
Geomorphology the Mechanics and Chemistry of Landscapes, (2010); 
Ansberque, Claire, Denudation pattern across the Longriba fault system and implications for the geomorphological evolution of the eastern Tibetan margin, Geomorphology, 246, pp. 542-557, (2015); 
Blum, Joel D., A silicate weathering mechanism linking increases in marine 87Sr/86Sr with global glaciation, Nature, 373, 6513, pp. 415-418, (1995); 
Bufe, Aaron, Co-variation of silicate, carbonate and sulfide weathering drives CO2 release with erosion, Nature Geoscience, 14, 4, pp. 211-216, (2021); 
Burbank, Douglas W., Bedrock incision, rock uplift and threshold hillslopes in the northwestern Himalayas, Nature, 379, 6565, pp. 505-510, (1996); 
Cook, Kristen L., Causes of rapid uplift and exceptional topography of Gongga Shan on the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 481, pp. 328-337, (2018); 
Croissant, Thomas, Pulsed carbon export from mountains by earthquake-Triggered landslides explored in a reduced-complexity model, Earth Surface Dynamics, 9, 4, pp. 823-844, (2021); 
Davies, Timothy R.H., The role of rock fragmentation in the motion of large landslides, Engineering Geology, 109, 1-2, pp. 67-79, (2009); 
Deng, Kai, The Upper Limit of Denudation Rate Measurement From Cosmogenic 10Be(Meteoric)/9Be Ratios in Taiwan, Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 126, 10, (2021)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Mubarak, N., Kumar, R.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Mubarak, Nadia (58553494400); Kumar, Ritesh (57198684646)
58553494400; 57198684646
Applying Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics to Model Landslides Triggered by Impulse Loads: A Validation Study to Determine the Optimum Value of Smoothing Length
(2024) Springer Proceedings in Earth and Environmental Sciences, Part F3264, pp. 146 - 155, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.1007/978-981-97-5485-4_10
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85213808734&doi=10.1007%2F978-981-97-5485-4_10&partnerID=40&md5=3e3614865150fc0a0d744b26dcc5a1fe

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Earthquake Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, UK, India
ABSTRACT: Vibrations caused by impulse loads have been one of the major causes of landslides. The damage caused by such instances is immense, both in terms of economy and loss of life. Over the past few years, modeling of such hazards has gained momentum due to various efficient numerical tools coming into the picture. One such advancement is the introduction of a mesh-free, particle-based method, smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH), into the field of Geomechanics. Ever since its applicability to such problems has been explored, it has been very efficiently used to model a vast range of problems involving large deformation, including complex phenomena such as landslides and debris flows. In this study the authors have validated the applicability of an SPH-based code, to model the landslides triggered by impact loading. For this purpose, the Daguangbao landslide, triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake of 2008 (Magnitude 7.9) has been chosen. To apply the earthquake impact load, the average peak ground acceleration PGA from the north-south component of ground motion has been used. The slope has been analyzed for various values of smoothing length ‘h’ and for each case, the final deformed profile has been compared to the actual deformed profile at the site. Smaller values of the smoothing length to inter-particle distance ratio (h/dx) i.e. 1.2 and 1.4 were found to increase the computational time, as a smaller time step was required. However, ‘h/dx’ values of 1.6 and 1.8 were found to give results that were closer to the actual deformed profile and in a reasonable time. Although the model slightly overestimated the volume of sliding mass, it can still be deemed fit to carry out further studies of this type. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Daguangbao; Impulse load; Landslide; Smoothing length; SPH
REFERENCES: An, Yi, Three-dimensional smoothed-particle hydrodynamics simulation of deformation characteristics in slope failure, Geotechnique, 66, 8, pp. 670-680, (2016); 
Bui, Ha H., Lagrangian meshfree particles method (SPH) for large deformation and failure flows of geomaterial using elastic-plastic soil constitutive model, International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, 32, 12, pp. 1537-1570, (2008); 
Bui, Ha H., Slope stability analysis and discontinuous slope failure simulation by elasto-plastic smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH), Geotechnique, 61, 7, pp. 565-574, (2011); 
Bui, Ha H., An improved SPH method for saturated soils and its application to investigate the mechanisms of embankment failure: Case of hydrostatic pore-water pressure, International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, 37, 1, pp. 31-50, (2013); 
Chen, Wei, Simulation of earthquake-induced slope deformation using SPH method, International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, 38, 3, pp. 297-330, (2014); 
Cho, Sungeun, Effects of spatial variability of soil properties on slope stability, Engineering Geology, 92, 3-4, pp. 97-109, (2007); 
Fenton, Gordon A., Simulation of random fields via local average subdivision, Journal of Engineering Mechanics - ASCE, 116, 8, pp. 1733-1749, (1990); 
Gray, J. P.P., SPH elastic dynamics, Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 190, 49-50, pp. 6641-6662, (2001); 
Griffiths, D. V., Probabilistic slope stability analysis by finite elements, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering - ASCE, 130, 5, pp. 507-518, (2004)
PUBLISHER: Springer Nature
DOCUMENT TYPE: Book chapter
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Li, L., Xie, K., Ju, N.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Li, Longqi (51663939600); Xie, Kang (58951292600); Ju, Nengpan (8377755300)
51663939600; 58951292600; 8377755300
Failure Mode of Steep Bedding Slopes Undergoing Strong Earthquake
(2024) Environmental Science and Engineering, pp. 515 - 525, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-9061-0_37
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85203588391&doi=10.1007%2F978-981-99-9061-0_37&partnerID=40&md5=eeb50ccd7492082953974645956e0c25

AFFILIATIONS: Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: A bunch of steep bedding slopes collapse during period of Wenchuan earthquake, which are usually stable in gravitational circumstances. Field observation also witnesses several typical seismic phenomena in this kind of slope. A few shaking table tests are undertaken to track the shaking wave effect on response of this kind of rock slope. These tests target on slope models with varied rock inclinations and earthquake magnitudes. The accelerometers and earth pressure sensors are embedded in individual slope model to track the seismic response and amplification features. It is suggested that the steep bedding slope turns a pushing slide during strong earthquake. The area of the failure zone is strongly affected by the lithology, meaning that failure area in the soft rock slope is approximate 1.5 times of that in the hard rock slope. The earth pressure amplifying effect is not as much obvious as the acceleration amplifying effect at the same location. The outcomes can help mitigate the loss by seismic landslide hazard. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Failure mechanism; Model test; Numerical analysis; Steep bedding rock slope
INDEX KEYWORDS: Earthquake effects; Earthquake engineering; Geochronology; Geomorphology; Hydrogeology; Landslides; Rock mechanics; Rock pressure; Seismic response; Tropics; Amplifying effect; Bedding rock slope; Bedding slope; Earth pressure; Failure mechanism; Model tests; Rock slope; Slope collapse; Steep bedding rock slope; Strong earthquakes; Lithology
REFERENCES: Torgoev, Almazbek, 2D dynamic studies combined with the surface curvature analysis to predict Arias Intensity amplification, Journal of Seismology, 20, 3, pp. 711-731, (2016); 
Trandafir, Aurelian Catalin, Earthquake-induced displacements of gravity retaining walls and anchor-reinforced slopes, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 29, 3, pp. 428-437, (2009); 
Fan, Gang, Dynamic Response and Dynamic Failure Mode of a Weak Intercalated Rock Slope Using a Shaking Table, Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 49, 8, pp. 3243-3256, (2016); 
Int J Numer Anal Methods Geomech, (2020); 
Keefer, David K., LANDSLIDES CAUSED BY EARTHQUAKES., Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 95, 4, pp. 406-421, (1984); 
Koukouvelas, Ioannis Κ., Earthquake triggered rock falls and their role in the development of a rock slope: The case of Skolis Mountain, Greece, Engineering Geology, 191, pp. 71-85, (2015); 
Li, Heng, Damping modification factors for acceleration response spectra, Geodesy and Geodynamics, 8, 5, pp. 361-370, (2017); 
Lin, Meei Ling, Seismic slope behavior in a large-scale shaking table model test, Engineering Geology, 86, 2-3, pp. 118-133, (2006); 
Lin, Yundian, Collapse analysis of jointed rock slope based on UDEC Software and practical seismic load, Procedia Engineering, 31, pp. 441-446, (2012); 
Liu, Hangxiang, Dynamic acceleration response of a rock slope with a horizontal weak interlayer in shaking table tests, PLOS ONE, 16, 4 April, (2021)
PUBLISHER: Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
CONFERENCE NAME: 14th International Association for Engineering Geology and the Environment, IAEG 2023
CONFERENCE DATE: 2023-09-21 through 2023-09-27
CONFERENCE LOCATION: Chengdu
CONFERENCE CODE: 317279
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Harvey, E.L., Hales, T.C., Liu, J., Hobley, D.E.J., Yang, F., Xia, B., Fan, X.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Harvey, Erin L. (57217177385); Hales, Tristram Charles (9741921500); Liu, Jie (57207463697); Hobley, Daniel E.J. (36501645100); Yang, Fan (57200696169); Xia, Bing (57221970529); Fan, Xuanmei (12752112800)
57217177385; 9741921500; 57207463697; 36501645100; 57200696169; 57221970529; 12752112800
Grain-size variability in debris flows of different runout lengths, Wenchuan, China
(2024) Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 136 (7-8), pp. 2676 - 2688, Cited 3 times.
DOI: 10.1130/B37027.1
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85200708756&doi=10.1130%2FB37027.1&partnerID=40&md5=a1cc9db8708779fe89b0f96f3106f097

AFFILIATIONS: School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, South Glamorgan, Wales, United Kingdom; State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; RSK ADAS Ltd., Helsby, Cheshire, United Kingdom
ABSTRACT: Debris-flow grain-size distributions (GSDs) control runout length and mobility. Wide, bimodal GSDs and those containing a higher proportion of silt and clay have been shown experimentally to increase runout length. However, the relationship between grain size and mobility has not been well established in field conditions. Here, we compared the grain-size characteristics of two debris flows with considerably different runout lengths (1.5 km vs. 8 km) to understand the role of grain size in governing runout. The two debris flows were triggered in the same rainfall event from coseismic landslide debris generated in the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in catchments with similar lithology and topography. We compared the deposited GSDs and their spatial patterns using our rare, three-dimensional GSD datasets. Surprisingly, the proportions of each size fraction deposited by the two flows were statistically indistinguishable. The spatial pattern of grain size differed between the two flows, with evidence of inverse grading only preserved in the smaller deposit. From these observations, we can infer that the GSDs of both flows were determined by the coseismic landslide source material, and that there was little difference in the GSDs of material entrained as the flows bulked. The contrasting spatial distributions of grains indicated that different internal processes were dominant within the two flows. These findings demonstrate that where GSDs are dominated by coarse grains and are governed by similar source conditions, grain size plays a lesser role relative to sediment supply and hydrology in controlling the runout length of large catastrophic post-earthquake debris flows. © 2023 Geological Society of America
INDEX KEYWORDS: Catchments; Debris; Earthquakes; Grading; Grain size and shape; Lithology; Size distribution; Topography; Bimodal grain-size distribution; Debris flows; Grain mobility; Grain size distribution; Grain size variability; Grainsize; In-field; Run outs; Size distribution control; Spatial patterns; Landslides; catchment; debris flow; grain size; landslide; rainfall; Sichuan earthquake 2008; size distribution; spatial distribution; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Attal, Mikaël, Changes of bedload characteristics along the Marsyandi River (central Nepal): Implications for understanding hillslope sediment supply, sediment load evolution along fluvial networks, and denudation in active orogenic belts, Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, 398, pp. 143-171, (2006); 
Attal, Mikaël, Impact of change in erosion rate and landscape steepness on hillslope and fluvial sediments grain size in the Feather River basin (Sierra Nevada, California), Earth Surface Dynamics, 3, 1, pp. 201-222, (2015); 
Proc R Soc London Ser A, (1954); 
Barker, T., Coupling rheology and segregation in granular flows, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 909, (2021); 
Benda, Lee E., The influence of debris flows on channels and valley floors in the Oregon Coast Range, U.S.A., Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 15, 5, pp. 457-466, (1990); 
Benda, Lee E., Predicting deposition of debris flows in mountain channels, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 27, 4, pp. 409-417, (1990); 
Berti, Matteo, Field observations of a debris flow event in the Dolomites, Geomorphology, 29, 3-4, pp. 265-274, (1999); 
Blair, Terence C., Recent debris-flow processes and resultant form and facies of the dolomite alluvial fan, owens valley, california, Journal of Sedimentary Research, 68, 5, pp. 800-818, (1998); 
Bunte, Kristin, Sampling frame for improving pebble count accuracy in coarse gravel-bed streams, Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 37, 4, pp. 1001-1014, (2001); 
Buscombe, Daniel D., Transferable wavelet method for grain-size distribution from images of sediment surfaces and thin sections, and other natural granular patterns, Sedimentology, 60, 7, pp. 1709-1732, (2013)
PUBLISHER: Geological Society of America
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Liu, X., Yang, X., Yuan, R., Xu, R., Liu, C.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Liu, Xuemei (57224132868); Yang, Xianhe (58549630600); Yuan, Renmao (7202708506); Xu, Rui (57220639448); Liu, Chaohai (59224815500)
57224132868; 58549630600; 7202708506; 57220639448; 59224815500
Seismic landslide susceptibility evaluation model based on historical data and its application to areas with similar environmental settings
(2024) Frontiers in Earth Science, 12, art. no. 1419851, Cited 1 times.
DOI: 10.3389/feart.2024.1419851
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85199011102&doi=10.3389%2Ffeart.2024.1419851&partnerID=40&md5=196779b4d8b91069654a68721c78565c

AFFILIATIONS: Sichuan Earthquake Administration, Chengdu, China; Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing, China; Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Remote Sensing Center of Yunnan Province, Yunnan, China
ABSTRACT: Seismic landslide susceptibility evaluation models are usually built on the basis of historical sample data; however, the evaluation results are often unsatisfactory when the environmental settings differ between the historical sample data region and application region. Therefore, similarity between the environmental settings is important for the application of such models. In this paper, a seismic landslide susceptibility evaluation model was first built using data from the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake-induced landslide, and the model was then used to evaluate the 2022 Ms 6.8 Luding earthquake area. In addition, the grade of susceptibility is typically represented by the landslide density, which is insufficient for capturing the details of landslides, such as their sizes, frequencies, and spatial distribution patterns. The authors therefore use a large and concentrated landslide as the susceptibility grade for the Luding earthquake area. The test results demonstrate that these two areas have similar background environments. The area under the curve (AUC) value of the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve of the evaluation accuracy for the model applied to the Luding earthquake area is 0.889, which indicates relatively high accuracy. Besides, the results also demonstrate that the evaluations are consistent with the disaster situation of the Moxi Platform, Wandong Village, as well as the Dagangshan Hydropower Station area. Therefore, it is reliable to apply the susceptibility evaluation model based on the Wenchuan earthquake data to the Luding earthquake area. These results show that better evaluations can be obtained based on environmental similarity tests between the areas used for historical data modeling and areas to which the models are applied. © © 2024 Liu, Yang, Yuan, Xu and Liu.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: influencing factor; Luding earthquake; seismic landslide; susceptibility evaluation; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: accuracy assessment; earthquake event; earthquake magnitude; factor analysis; magnetic susceptibility; numerical model; seismicity; Sichuan earthquake 2008; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Arroyo-Solorzano, Mario, Seismic and geomorphic assessment for coseismic landslides zonation in tropical volcanic contexts, Natural Hazards, 114, 3, pp. 2811-2837, (2022); 
Chen, Wei, Combining evolutionary algorithms and machine learning models in landslide susceptibility assessments, Remote Sensing, 12, 23, pp. 1-26, (2020); 
Dai, Lanxin, Coseismic landslides triggered by the 2022 Luding Ms6.8 earthquake, China, Landslides, 20, 6, pp. 1277-1292, (2023); 
Deng, Qidong, Basic characteristics of active tectonics of China, Science in China, Series D: Earth Sciences, 46, 4, pp. 356-372, (2003); 
Fan, Xuanmei, Spatio-temporal evolution of mass wasting after the 2008 Mw 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake revealed by a detailed multi-temporal inventory, Landslides, 15, 12, pp. 2325-2341, (2018); 
Fan, Xuanmei, Coseismic landslides triggered by the 8th August 2017 M s 7.0 Jiuzhaigou earthquake (Sichuan, China): factors controlling their spatial distribution and implications for the seismogenic blind fault identification, Landslides, 15, 5, pp. 967-983, (2018); 
Ferrario, M. F., Landslides triggered by multiple earthquakes: insights from the 2018 Lombok (Indonesia) events, Natural Hazards, 98, 2, pp. 575-592, (2019); 
Eur Geosci Union General Assem Conf Abstr, (2016); 
Coseismic Landslides Springer Natural Hazards, (2022); 
Huang, Runqiu, Analysis of the geo-hazards triggered by the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake, China, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 68, 3, pp. 363-371, (2009)
PUBLISHER: Frontiers Media SA
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Zhao, J., Tian, S., Li, K., Hou, P.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhao, Jiayi (58926422300); Tian, Shujun (36609420200); Li, Kai (58926422400); Hou, Pengli (58831480200)
58926422300; 36609420200; 58926422400; 58831480200
Susceptibility assessment of debris flow in the upper reaches of the Minjiang River before and after the Wenchuan earthquake 岷江上游汶川地震前后泥石流易发性评价
(2024) Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control, 35 (1), pp. 51 - 59, Cited 5 times.
DOI: 10.16031/j.cnki.issn.1003-8035.202306035
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85187171750&doi=10.16031%2Fj.cnki.issn.1003-8035.202306035&partnerID=40&md5=8217e14396f1a56165bd030c2d7bf4fb

AFFILIATIONS: School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Accurately and scientifically mapping debris flow susceptibility and the determination of key controlling factors and their contribution rates are essential foundations for regional debris flow early warning, forecasting and risk management. The article takes the upper reaches of the Minjiang River as the research area, with small watersheds as evaluation units. Five different machine learning models were employed to construct evaluation models for the susceptibility of debris flows in the upper reaches of the Minjiang River. Quantitative analyses were conducted on the susceptibility of debris flows and the contribution rates of evaluation factors before and after the Wenchuan earthquake. The results indicate that: (1) Integrated machine learning models exhibit higher ACC and AUC values than the shallow machine learning models, with the random forest model performing the best in the assessment of debris flow susceptibility before and after the earthquake; (2) The occurrence rate of debris flow before and after the earthquakes gradually increases with the rise in susceptibility level, and the increment increases with the increase of the level. The occurrence rate of debris flow at all levels is higher after the earthquake than before; (3) The contribution rate of the erosion transmission coefficients before and after the earthquake is significantly higher than that of other factors. This contribution is compounded by the spatial distribution characteristics of the Wenchuan earthquake intensity, further accentuating the spatial distribution pattern of decreasing debris flow development from downstream to upstream in both the main and tributaries following the earthquake. © 2024 Editorial Office of The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazards and Control. All rights reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: debris flow; machine learning; susceptibility; the Wenchuan earthquake; upper reaches of the Minjiang River
REFERENCES: Simoni, Silvia, Modelling the probability of occurrence of shallow landslides and channelized debris flows using GEOtop-FS, Hydrological Processes, 22, 4, pp. 532-545, (2008); 
Science Technology and Engineering, (2020); 
Cui, Peng, Characteristics and countermeasures of debris flow in Wenchuan area after the earthquake, Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 42, 5, pp. 10-19, (2010); 
Zhang, Wentao, Damage evaluation of control works against debris flow: A case study in Wenchuan area, Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control, 33, 4, pp. 77-83, (2022); 
Wen, Qiang, Analysis on the mechanism of debris flow in Meilong valley in Danba County on June 17，2020, Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control, 33, 3, pp. 23-30, (2022); 
Sun, Bin, Susceptibility assessment of debris flows based on information model in Dongchuan, Yunnan Province, Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control, 33, 5, pp. 119-127, (2022); 
Wang, Feng, Susceptibility assessment of debris flow based on watershed units in Kangding City, Sichuan Province, Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control, 34, 3, pp. 145-156, (2023); 
Yang, Dehu, Comparative analyses of susceptibility assessment for landslide disasters based on information value, weighted information value and logistic regression coupled model in Luoping County, Yunnan Province, Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control, 34, 5, pp. 43-53, (2023); 
Yi, Jingsong, Study on the risk assessment of geological disasters in alpine valley area: A case study in Aba County, Sichuan Province, Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control, 33, 3, pp. 134-142, (2022); 
Research and Application on Model Blending Algorithm, (2016)
PUBLISHER: Editorial Office of The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazards and Control
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Yang, X., Fan, X., Wang, K., Zhou, Z.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Yang, Xiaoyi (58310958800); Fan, Xinyue (57760733000); Wang, Kai (58099278500); Zhou, Zhongli (7406092969)
58310958800; 57760733000; 58099278500; 7406092969
Research on landslide susceptibility prediction model based on LSTM-RF-MDBN
(2024) Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 31 (1), pp. 1504 - 1516, Cited 14 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31232-x
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85182732942&doi=10.1007%2Fs11356-023-31232-x&partnerID=40&md5=15d3fbbf7a26be1f8c83b83ff2df4280

AFFILIATIONS: College of Mathematics and Physics, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; College of Management Science, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: The occurrence of landslide disasters causes huge economic losses and casualties. Although many achievements have been made in predicting the probability of landslide disasters, various factors such as the scale and spatial location of landslide geological disasters should still be fully considered. Further research on how to quantitatively characterize the susceptibility of landslide geological disasters is necessarily important. To this end, taking the Wenchuan earthquake as the research area and extracting eight influencing factors, including terrain information entropy (Ht), lithology, distance from rivers, distance from faults, vegetation coverage (NDVI), distance from roads, peak ground motion acceleration (PGA), and annual rainfall, a landslide susceptibility prediction model was hereby established based on LSTM-RF-MDBN, a landslide susceptibility prediction map was drawn, and the spatial distribution characteristics of landslide disasters were analyzed. The results showed that (1) LSTM had good prediction results for the eight influencing factors, with an average prediction accuracy of 85%; (2) compared with models such as DNN and LR for predicting landslide disaster points, the AUC value of RF for predicting landslide point positions reached 0.88, presenting a higher accuracy compared to other models; (3) the AUC value of the landslide susceptibility prediction model based on LSTM-RF-MDBN reached 0.965, which had a high accuracy in predicting landslide susceptibility. Overall, the research results can provide a scientific basis for selecting the best strategy for landslide disaster warning, prevention, and mitigation. © 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Dynamic prediction; Landslide susceptibility; LSTM-RF-MDBN; Ten severely affected areas in Wenchuan
INDEX KEYWORDS: disaster; earthquake; geology; landslide; river; Disasters; Earthquakes; Geology; Landslides; Rivers
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Deng, J., Wei, X., Dai, S., Deng, H.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Deng, Jianhui (7402612983); Wei, Xiao (58865036100); Dai, Shigui (59579905500); Deng, Hui (36625215600)
7402612983; 58865036100; 59579905500; 36625215600
Characterization Analysis of Triggered Disasters in the Luding Earthquake 泸 定 地 震 诱 发 灾 害 特 征 分 析
(2024) Gongcheng Kexue Yu Jishu/Advanced Engineering Sciences, 56 (1), pp. 117 - 126, Cited 3 times.
DOI: 10.15961/j.jsuese.202201236
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85163173141&doi=10.15961%2Fj.jsuese.202201236&partnerID=40&md5=8a5686cbbac58b2789a1c37f9715e23d

AFFILIATIONS: Inst. of Geo-Eng. and Geohazards, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Sichuan Earthquake Administration, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Shanghai Earthquake Agency, Shanghai, China; College of Earth Sciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: In September 5th 2022, an earthquake measured Ms 6.8 occurred in Hailuogou scenic spot, Luding County, Sichuan Province, and its intensity at epicenter is Ⅸ. Compared with Wenchuan earthquake (Ms 8.0) in 2008 and Lushan earthquake (Ms 7.0) in 2013, its magnitude is smaller. However due to the mountainous topography, the earthquake-triggered geological disasters are highly developed, obstructed traffic lines and caused 118 persons dead or missing. In order to investigate the earthquake-triggered disasters and loss, a 5-days field visit is taken to the affected area of Luding County and Shimian County. Based on the collected data and regional geological information, the analysis is conducted to formulate the development of geological disaster, the damage of civil structures and human fatalities. The major findings can be summarized as follow. 1) The hanging-wall effects of geological disasters are not obvious, which mainly occur in the areas with earthquake intensity of more than Ⅶ, and are small in volume and can be categorized mainly as rock fall and gravel/sand/debris slide. The rock planar slide and soil slump can be occasionally witnessed. 2) The landslide types are controlled by geological conditions. The upstream Detuo town in Luding County belongs to the Dadu river valley which is hot and arid, where the slope mass is highly loosened but slightly weathered, and the disaster type is mainly rock fall. However, downstream of the town, the valley is humid, the slope mass is both highly loosened and weathered, and gravel/sand/debris slide is the major failure type. 3) Geological disasters appear mainly in the areas of mountain ridge, intersection of gentle and steep slope, the walls of an erosion gully and highway lines. Engineering disturbance is an enhancing factor for the dense distribution of disasters and human fatalities. 4) Damage of civil structures mainly occurred in the areas with intensity of Ⅸ and is most serious in Moxi town. The construction quality of rural self-built houses and old buildings is the main problem affecting the anti-seismic capacity of the structures. The seismic site effect should be considered during post-quake reconstruction. 5) In the region of alpine and deep valley, it is effective to reinforce highway slope and to keep a building site away from the affected zone of possible rock falls, thus to reduce disasters and human fatality. © 2024 Editorial Department of Journal of Sichuan University. All rights reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: control measure; geological condition; geological disaster; Luding earthquake; site effect; structure damage
INDEX KEYWORDS: Disaster prevention; Earthquakes; Geology; Gravel; Landforms; Landslides; Rivers; Rock bursts; Rocks; Topography; Walls (structural partitions); Civil structure; Control measures; Debris slide; Geological conditions; Geological disaster; Gravel sands; Luding earthquake; Rockfalls; Site effects; Structure damage; Disasters
REFERENCES: undefined, (2022); 
undefined, (2022); 
Xie, Heping, Wenchuan large earthquake and post-earthquake reconstruction-related geotechnical problems, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 27, 9, pp. 1781-1791, (2008); 
Zhao, Boming, An analysis on Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake fault and seismic disaster, Dizhen Dizhi, 30, 4, pp. 839-854, (2008); 
Technology for Earthquake Disaster Prevention, (2008); 
Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011); 
Dai, Fuchu, Rock avalanches triggered by oblique-thrusting during the 12 May 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Geomorphology, 132, 3-4, pp. 300-318, (2011); 
Science Technology Review, (2009); 
Geological Review, (2010); 
Tai, Jiajia, Surface ruptures induced by associated Wenchuan earthquake in Yingxiu and Hongkou area, Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 41, 3, pp. 109-118, (2009)
PUBLISHER: Sichuan University
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Liu, B., Hu, X., He, K.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Liu, Bo (57212007036); Hu, Xiewen (7404709509); He, Kun (57470523000)
57212007036; 7404709509; 57470523000
Spatial Distribution and Disaster - Causing Pattern of Shattered Mountains in Wenchuan Strong Earthquake Area 汶川强震区震裂山体分布特征与成灾模式研究
(2024) Journal of Catastrophology, 39 (1), pp. 177 - 187, Cited 1 times.
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-811X.2024.01.028
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-105005086798&doi=10.3969%2Fj.issn.1000-811X.2024.01.028&partnerID=40&md5=636c379ea2a3e8b88a413685e34363a7

AFFILIATIONS: Railway Engineering Research Institute, China Academy of Railway Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; Faculty of Geosciences and Environment Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: In order to study the distribution characteristics and disaster formation mode of the seismic crack mountain hazards in the strong earthquake zone of the Ms8. 0 Wenchuan earthquake in 2008, multi-source data fusion methods, including vegetation degradation trend - based distribution maps, the global land cover map and so are used to identify the shattered mountain rocks in the study area, resulting in the establishment of a dataset of 124 typical seismic crack mountain disaster points, it is found that their distribution density is highly positively correlated with the PGA isoline of the "5 · 12" earthquakes and the distance from fault. Due to the elevation amplification effect and topography, 85.48 percent of the shattered mountains are located in the debris flow gully. And 94. 35 percent of the shattered mountains are the old co - seismic landslides. Based on the sample analysis, three main disaster chain modes of high - position shattered mountain were condensed, including high - position shattered mountain landslide to rock debris, high - position shattered mountain landslide to debris flow with entrainment and erosion and multiple high - position landslides from shattered mountain to debris flow with blocking and outburst flood. The research is of great significance to the prevention and control of shattered mountain disaster chain and engineering planning in meizoseismal areas. © 2024 Shaanxi Earthquake Agency. All rights reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: disaster pattern; distribution characteristics; Ms8. 0 Wenchuan earthquake; multi - source data fusion; shattered mountain; trend analysis method
REFERENCES: Journal of Tile Meteorological Society of Japan Ser Ii, (1923); 
Lin, Ching-Wee Weei, Impact of Chi-Chi earthquake on the occurrence of landslides and debris flows: Example from the Chenyulan River watershed, Nantou, Taiwan, Engineering Geology, 71, 1-2, pp. 49-61, (2004); 
Fan, Xuanmei, Earthquake-Induced Chains of Geologic Hazards: Patterns, Mechanisms, and Impacts, Reviews of Geophysics, 57, 2, pp. 421-503, (2019); 
Liu, Bo, Dynamic process simulation of the Xiaogangjian rockslide occurred in shattered mountain based on 3DEC and DFN, Computers and Geotechnics, 134, (2021); 
Khattak, Ghazanfar Ali, Evolution of earthquake-triggered landslides in the Kashmir Himalaya, northern Pakistan, Geomorphology, 115, 1-2, pp. 102-108, (2010); 
Rehman, Mohib Ur, Analysis of landslide movements using interferometric synthetic aperture radar: A case study in Hunza-Nagar Valley, Pakistan, Remote Sensing, 12, 12, (2020); 
Ground Failure Produced by the 29 April 1991 Racha Earthquake in Soviet Georgia Us Geol Surv 10, (2025); 
Earthquake Induced Landslides, (2013); 
Li, Haibo, Quantitative assessment for the rockfall hazard in a post-earthquake high rock slope using terrestrial laser scanning, Engineering Geology, 248, pp. 1-13, (2019); 
Wieczorek, Gerald F., Unusual July 10, 1996, rock fall at Happy Isles, Yosemite National Park, California, Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 112, 1, pp. 75-85, (2000)
PUBLISHER: Shaanxi Earthquake Agency
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wang, T., Lu, F., Qin, J., Huang, T., Kong, H., Shen, P.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wang, Tengfei (58055350000); Lu, Fucheng (58856502300); Qin, Jintao (57713421300); Huang, Taosheng (58297803700); Kong, Hui (57203456686); Shen, Ping (57014242700)
58055350000; 58856502300; 57713421300; 58297803700; 57203456686; 57014242700
AscDAMs: advanced SLAM-based channel detection and mapping system
(2024) Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 24 (9), pp. 3075 - 3094, Cited 2 times.
DOI: 10.5194/nhess-24-3075-2024
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-105003036491&doi=10.5194%2Fnhess-24-3075-2024&partnerID=40&md5=da302e652f124d3487d1c4cfeb581eab

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City, Taipa, Macao; Department of Electromechanical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City, Taipa, Macao; Department of Ocean Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City, Taipa, Macao
ABSTRACT: Obtaining high-resolution, accurate channel topography and deposit conditions has been a challenge for the study of channelized debris flow. Currently, widely used mapping technologies including satellite imaging and drone photogrammetry struggle to precisely observe channel interior conditions of long and deep mountainous gullies, particularly those in the Wenchuan earthquake region. SLAM is an emerging tech for 3D mapping; however, extremely rugged environment in long and deep gullies poses two major challenges even for the state-of-the-art SLAM: (1) atypical features and (2) violent swaying and oscillation of sensors. These issues result in large deviation and lots of noise for SLAM results. To improve SLAM mapping in such environments, we propose an advanced SLAM-based channel detection and mapping system, namely AscDAMs. It features three main enhancements to post-process SLAM results: (1) the digital orthophoto map-aided deviation correction algorithm greatly eliminates the systematic error; (2) the point cloud smoothing algorithm substantially diminishes noise; (3) the cross-section extraction algorithm enables the quantitative assessment of channel deposits and their changes. Two field experiments were conducted in Chutou gully, Wenchuan County in China in February and November 2023, representing observations before and after the rainy season. We demonstrate the capability of AscDAMs to greatly improve SLAM results, promoting SLAM for mapping the specially challenging environment. The proposed method compensates for the insufficiencies of existing technologies in detecting debris flow channel interiors including detailed channel morphology, erosion patterns, deposit distinction, volume estimation and change detection. It serves to enhance the study of full-scale debris flow mechanisms, long-term post-seismic evolution, and hazard assessment. © Author(s) 2024.
INDEX KEYWORDS: channel morphology; debris flow; detection method; hazard assessment; mapping; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Bailey, Tim, Simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM): Part II, IEEE Robotics and Automation Magazine, 13, 3, pp. 108-117, (2006); 
Macario Barros, Andréa, A Comprehensive Survey of Visual SLAM Algorithms, Robotics, 11, 1, (2022); 
Berger, Catherine, Direct measurement of channel erosion by debris flows, Illgraben, Switzerland, Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 116, 1, (2011); 
Berger, Catherine, Sediment transfer patterns at the Illgraben catchment, Switzerland: Implications for the time scales of debris flow activities, Geomorphology, 125, 3, pp. 421-432, (2011); 
Berti, Matteo, Field observations of a debris flow event in the Dolomites, Geomorphology, 29, 3-4, pp. 265-274, (1999); 
Blasone, Giacomo, Monitoring sediment source areas in a debris-flow catchment using terrestrial laser scanning, Catena, 123, pp. 23-36, (2014); 
Bonneau, David A., Debris-Flow Channel Headwater Dynamics: Examining Channel Recharge Cycles With Terrestrial Laser Scanning, Frontiers in Earth Science, 10, (2022); 
Journal of Graphics Tools, (2007); 
Cadena, Cesar, Past, present, and future of simultaneous localization and mapping: Toward the robust-perception age, IEEE Transactions on Robotics, 32, 6, pp. 1309-1332, (2016); 
Caduff, Rafael, A review of terrestrial radar interferometry for measuring surface change in the geosciences, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 40, 2, pp. 208-228, (2015)
PUBLISHER: Copernicus Publications
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Li, L., Ju, N., Sheng, D.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Li, Longqi (51663939600); Ju, Nengpan (8377755300); Sheng, Daichao (7004358030)
51663939600; 8377755300; 7004358030
Seismic performance and failure mechanism of interbedded slopes with steep rock layers
(2023) Engineering Geology, 326, art. no. 107312, Cited 17 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2023.107312
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85173319241&doi=10.1016%2Fj.enggeo.2023.107312&partnerID=40&md5=a72632fd3e5015ac03d8e867a1e440d5

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; College of Environment and Civil Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
ABSTRACT: Numerous interbedded rock (IR) slopes fail during the Wenchuan earthquake in the mountainous region of western China. Landslides are also triggered in IR slopes with a 60° layer inclination, which are generally stable in gravity-dominant environments. This study examines the effect of seismic motion on the response characteristics and failure patterns of IR slopes with steep layers to develop a landslide hazard assessment tool for earthquake-prone regions. First, we use a centrifuge shaking table test to model the failure process and acceleration responses of two IR slope models with stratigraphic dips of 60° and 80°, respectively, under different seismic intensities. Next, we adopt the Particle Flow Code to examine the crack propagation features and peak ground acceleration amplification effects for the IR slopes. We find that the seismic failure pattern of IR slopes depends largely on rock layer inclination: buckling failure is triggered when rock layers are parallel or nearly parallel to the slope surface, while toppling failure is triggered when the rock layer inclination is significantly higher than that of the slope surface. Following seismic excitation, the damage is mainly observed in the weak rock layers, creating lateral stress on adjacent strong rocks, which undergoes deformation and ultimate macroscopic failure. Further, displacement of the IR slope is negatively correlated to rock layer inclination. Rock layer thickness has a major influence on the damaged area inside the slope mass, while rock layer stiffness mainly affects the deformation distribution near the slope shoulder. © 2023
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Centrifugal modelling; Interbedded rock slopes with steep layers; Particle flow method; Seismic performance; Two failure types
INDEX KEYWORDS: Acceleration; Earthquakes; Failure (mechanical); Rocks; Seismic waves; Stratigraphy; Centrifugal modeling; Failure patterns; Failure types; Interbedded rock slope with steep layer; Particle flow methods; Rock layers; Rock slope; Seismic Performance; Slope surfaces; Two failure type; Landslides; dynamic analysis; earthquake event; earthquake intensity; failure mechanism; ground motion; hazard assessment; landslide; shaking table test; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Bao, Yangjuan, Sph simulation of high-volume rapid landslides triggered by earthquakes based on a unified constitutive Model. Part I: Initiation Process and Slope Failure, International Journal of Computational Methods, 17, 4, (2020); 
Beyabanaki, S. Amir Reza, Applying disk-based discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA) to simulate Donghekou landslide triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake, Geomechanics and Geoengineering, 11, 3, pp. 177-188, (2016); 
Bhandari, Tushar, Numerical modelling of seismic slope failure using MPM, Computers and Geotechnics, 75, pp. 126-134, (2016); 
Brideau, Marc André, Controls on block toppling using a three-dimensional distinct element approach, Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 43, 3, pp. 241-260, (2010); 
Cai, Zhenqi, Deterministic sliding block methods for estimating seismic displacements of earth structures, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 15, 4, pp. 255-268, (1996); 
Rivista Italiana Di Geotecnica, (2000); 
Che, Ailan, Wave propagations through jointed rock masses and their effects on the stability of slopes, Engineering Geology, 201, pp. 45-56, (2016); 
Cheng, Hualin, A Comparative Study of the Seismic Performances and Failure Mechanisms of Slopes Using Dynamic Centrifuge Modeling, Journal of Earth Science, 32, 5, pp. 1166-1173, (2021); 
Proc 4th International Symposium on Landslides, (1984); 
Cui, Peng, Activity and distribution of geohazards induced by the Lushan earthquake, April 20, 2013, Natural Hazards, 73, 2, pp. 711-726, (2014)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Xiang, G., Jiang, T., Yang, Q., Cui, S., Zhu, L., He, Y., Li, H.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Xiang, Guoping (57188724345); Jiang, Tao (57856439900); Yang, Qingwen (57192083411); Cui, Shenghua (56660242900); Zhu, Ling (57210012612); He, Yuhang (55625068900); Li, Huajin (55774725300)
57188724345; 57856439900; 57192083411; 56660242900; 57210012612; 55625068900; 55774725300
The Influence of Vertical Seismic Acceleration on the Triggering of Landslides Constrained by Bedding Faults under an Inertial Frame Reference: The Case of the Daguangbao (DGB) Landslide
(2023) Applied Sciences (Switzerland), 13 (23), art. no. 12911, Cited 3 times.
DOI: 10.3390/app132312911
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85192362346&doi=10.3390%2Fapp132312911&partnerID=40&md5=2b67c7ff0aea7ce7d945596c4c63e0e2

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: The Daguangbao (DGB) landslide was the largest landslide that was triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake with a magnitude of Ms8.0. The sliding surface of this landslide was constrained on a bedding fault 400 m below the ground surface. Seismic records show that the landslide suffered not only from strong horizontal but also vertical ground shaking that was almost equal to the horizontal component. In this study, to reveal the landslide triggering mechanism of the DGB landslide, this study ignores the steep dipping tension fracture section and the leading edge-locking section of the trailing edge of the DGB landslide, and the geological model of the large optical package landslide is generalized into a block model with the bottom controlled slip soft zone as the interface. Based on the improved Newmark method that considers vertical ground motion, the three-way seismic acceleration data and the shear strength parameter of the sliding surface being taken as a variable are used to calculate the cumulative permanent displacement of the slider. Then, by considering the cumulative permanent displacement ratio of vertical seismic acceleration or not and the cumulative permanent displacement ratio value considering the inertial force as the index, the response characteristics of the cumulative permanent displacement of the block-to-vertical ground motion and inertial forces were analyzed. The results show that both the horizontal inertial force and the vertical acceleration significantly increased the permanent displacement. The permanent displacement is 4.9 cm when considering the vertical acceleration, whereas it is only 2.0 cm without taking this into account. The contribution of vertical acceleration is significantly enlarged (87.8–90.7%) by the decreasing of the internal friction angle of the slide surface, while it is less influenced (5–27.4%) by the cohesion. Compared with the lower shear strength parameter of the sliding surface, the contributions of vertical acceleration and inertial force to the permanent displacement are more obvious when the shear strength parameter of the sliding surface is higher. When ϕ > 18°, the D/D* is greater than 1, and the maximum D/D* reaches 7. The fast accumulation event of permanent displacement is triggered in the concentration stage of the seismic energy release. In the DGB landslide area, 50% of the energy is released within 30–50 s, as indicated by the acceleration peaks recorded at the nearest seismic station, Qingping station. It is assumed that the DGB landslide may be triggered at 30–50 s due to half of the seismic energy being released during that time span. © 2023 by the authors.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: DGB landslide; horizontal inertia force; Newmark method; vertical acceleration
REFERENCES: Refice, Alberto, Probabilistic modeling of uncertainties in earthquake-induced landslide hazard assessment, Computers and Geosciences, 28, 6, pp. 735-749, (2002); 
Inglés, Jacques, Effects of the vertical component of ground shaking on earthquake-induced landslide displacements using generalized Newmark analysis, Engineering Geology, 86, 2-3, pp. 134-147, (2006); 
Shen, Hong, Slope stability analysis based on the integration of GIS and numerical simulation, Automation in Construction, 26, pp. 46-53, (2012); 
Jiao, Yuyong, Stability assessment of an ancient landslide crossed by two coal mine tunnels, Engineering Geology, 159, pp. 36-44, (2013); 
Zhang, Zelin, Investigation of dormant landslides in earthquake conditions using a physical model, Landslides, 14, 3, pp. 1181-1193, (2017); 
Belghali, Mounir, Pseudo-static stability analysis of rock slopes reinforced by passive bolts using the generalized Hoek–Brown criterion, Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, 9, 4, pp. 659-670, (2017); 
Gibson, M. D., Pseudo-static failure modes and yield accelerations in rock slopes, International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 102, pp. 1-14, (2018); 
Fu, Xiaodong, Evaluation of dynamic stability and analysis of reinforcement measures of a landslide under seismic action: a case study on the Yanyangcun landslide, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 79, 6, pp. 2847-2862, (2020); 
Rodríguez-Peces, M. J., Obtaining suitable logic-tree weights for probabilistic earthquake-induced landslide hazard analyses, Engineering Geology, 275, (2020); 
Cui, Shenghua, Liquefaction within a bedding fault: Understanding the initiation and movement of the Daguangbao landslide triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake (Ms = 8.0), Engineering Geology, 295, (2021)
PUBLISHER: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Tian, X., Yang, L., Wu, X., Wu, J., Guo, Y., Guo, Y., Chen, H., Li, J., Lin, Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Tian, Xue (57810483900); Yang, Liusheng (57223991923); Wu, Xuan (58303895900); Wu, Jianzhao (57203663248); Guo, Yiting (58001187200); Guo, Yuhao (58782922800); Chen, Hui (57144814700); Li, Jian (47161257300); Lin, Yongming (8869314500)
57810483900; 57223991923; 58303895900; 57203663248; 58001187200; 58782922800; 57144814700; 47161257300; 8869314500
Landscape Fragmentation and Spatial Autocorrelation of a Typical Watershed in the Wenchuan Earthquake-Affected Area—A Case Study in the Longxi River Basin
(2023) Forests, 14 (12), art. no. 2349, Cited 5 times.
DOI: 10.3390/f14122349
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85180723177&doi=10.3390%2Ff14122349&partnerID=40&md5=bcfb88db3c85d852035f8b3118478541

AFFILIATIONS: College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China; Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory for Forest Ecosystem Process and Management of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
ABSTRACT: The 2008 8.0 Ms Wenchuan earthquake caused serious ecological degradation in the northwest of China’s Sichuan Province. Elucidating landscape fragmentation and spatial pattern of post-earthquake landscape is of great interest in order to improve ecological restoration and predict the spatial distribution of damaged ecosystems in earthquake-affected areas. We used four real-time remote sensing images to analyze the landscape pattern characteristics and spatial autocorrelation of the Longxi River Basin before and after the Wenchuan earthquake during the period from 2005 to 2015. In the study period, the degree of landscape fragmentation increased 1 year after the earthquake in 2009 but decreased in 2011 and 2015. The spatial distribution of forest, farmland, and shrub-grassland had significantly positive spatial correlation and the characteristics of spatial aggregation from 2005 to 2015. Construction land had no significant spatial correlation before the earthquake in 2005, but significantly positive spatial correlation after the earthquake, while traffic land had no significant spatial correlation across the study period. Unlike the other landscape types, geological disasters changed from a significantly negative spatial correlation before the earthquake to a significantly positive spatial correlation after the earthquake. However, the positive autocorrelation of all landscape types decreased with the increase of space distance, but in different distance-decay rates. The High-high spatial aggregation areas of geological disasters and construction land clustered gradually upstream of the basin and distributed in Longchi town, respectively; those of farmland distributed in the southeast of the basin increased in 2009 but then decreased, while those of forests had the opposite pattern as the dominant landscape type after the earthquake. Our results elucidated the spatial structure and distribution features of the Longxi River Basin to give a theoretical foundation for assessing the effects of ecological restoration and reconstruction management in earthquake-affected areas. © 2023 by the authors.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: landscape fragmentation; landscape pattern; spatial autocorrelation; typical watershed; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Autocorrelation; Decay (organic); Earthquakes; Farms; Forestry; Remote sensing; Restoration; Rivers; Spatial distribution; Spatial variables measurement; Affected area; Ecological restoration; Landscape fragmentation; Landscape pattern; Landscape type; River basins; Spatial autocorrelations; Spatial correlations; Typical watershed; Wenchuan Earthquake; Watersheds; autocorrelation; landscape change; Sichuan earthquake 2008; spatial distribution; watershed; Correlation; Distribution; Fragmentation; Patterns; Remote Sensing; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Cui, Peng, Destruction of vegetation due to geo-hazards and its environmental impacts in the Wenchuan earthquake areas, Ecological Engineering, 44, pp. 61-69, (2012); 
Allen, Robert B., Immediate damage by an earthquake to a temperate montane forest, Ecology, 80, 2, pp. 708-714, (1999); 
Zhang, Jindong, Impact of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake on biodiversity and giant panda habitat in Wolong Nature Reserve, China, Ecological Research, 26, 3, pp. 523-531, (2011); 
Zhang, Bing, Estimating soil erosion changes in the Wenchuan earthquake disaster area using geo-spatial information technology, Journal of Applied Remote Sensing, 3, 1, (2009); 
He, Jing, Effect of landslides on the structural characteristics of land-cover based on complex networks, International Journal of Modern Physics B, 31, 22, (2017); 
Sheykhmousa, Mohammadreza, Post-disaster recovery assessment with machine learning-derived land cover and land use information, Remote Sensing, 11, 10, (2019); 
Qiu, Haijun, Influence of DEM resolution on landslide simulation performance based on the Scoops3D model, Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk, 13, 1, pp. 1663-1681, (2022); 
Tian, Xue, Spatiotemporal Dynamic Characteristics of Land Use in the Typical Watershed of Wenchuan Earthquake-Affected Areas—A Case Study in the Longxi River Basin, Sustainability (Switzerland), 14, 23, (2022); 
Jelének, Jan, Synergic use of Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 data for automatic detection of earthquake-triggered landscape changes: A case study of the 2016 Kaikoura earthquake (Mw 7.8), New Zealand, Remote Sensing of Environment, 265, (2021); 
Li, Congrong, Landscape evolution of the Wenchuan earthquake-stricken area in response to future climate change, Journal of Hydrology, 590, (2020)
PUBLISHER: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Huang, W.-B., Huang, D., Song, Y.-X.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Huang, Wenbo (57221734215); Huang, Da (55079254000); Song, Yixiang (57190386188)
57221734215; 55079254000; 57190386188
Effect of earthquake-induced liquefaction of runout-path material on the movement of landslide
(2023) Environmental Earth Sciences, 82 (23), art. no. 555, Cited 3 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s12665-023-11217-2
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85175846683&doi=10.1007%2Fs12665-023-11217-2&partnerID=40&md5=8e9e61bcdbd511de3a3af5957c8204ed

AFFILIATIONS: School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China; College of Geology Engineering and Geomatics, Chang'an University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
ABSTRACT: The Donghekou landslide triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake was a typical large-scale rapid and long runout landslide. The saturated deposit material in runout path was liquefiable under the dynamic loading, which may play a key role in the hypermobility of the Donghekou landslide. The dynamic loading triaxial compression tests were performed to investigate dynamic responses of the soil samples from the runout path. The influence of variation of pore water pressure of deposit in runout path on the movement process of the landslide was investigated and analyzed by discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA). The results show that the impact loading could cause a sharp rise of the pore water pressure of the soil, but it cannot trigger liquefaction before the sample failure. Seismic loading is the main loading that causes the liquefaction of deposit material, while landquake loading has little effect on soil liquefaction. During the earthquake, liquefaction of the shallow soil (the depth was < 10 m) of deposit in the runout path was induced by the seismic loading. Thus, the shallow runout-path material and landslide debris can slide faster and farther under a significantly small friction. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Donghekou landslide; Dynamic loading; Liquefaction; Triaxial compression test; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Compression testing; Deposits; Dynamic loads; Earthquakes; Pore pressure; Pressure distribution; Soil liquefaction; Soils; Water; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Donghekou landslide; Dynamic loadings; Large-scales; Pore-water pressures; Run outs; Seismic loadings; Tri-axial compression tests; Triaxial compression tests; Wenchuan Earthquake; Landslides; landslide; liquefaction; loading; porewater; shallow soil; Sichuan earthquake 2008; triaxial test; China; Donghekou; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Standard Test Method for Load Controlled Cyclic Triaxial Strength of Soil, (2013); 
Cui, Shenghua, On the initiation and movement mechanisms of a catastrophic landslide triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan (Ms 8.0) earthquake in the epicenter area, Landslides, 14, 3, pp. 805-819, (2017); 
Cui, Shenghua, Liquefaction within a bedding fault: Understanding the initiation and movement of the Daguangbao landslide triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake (Ms = 8.0), Engineering Geology, 295, (2021); 
de Blasio, Fabio Vittorio, Production of frictional heat and hot vapour in a model of self-lubricating landslides, Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 41, 1, pp. 219-226, (2008); 
Dufresne, Anja, Granular flow experiments on the interaction with stationary runout path materials and comparison to rock avalanche events, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 37, 14, pp. 1527-1541, (2012); 
Ehteshami-Moinabadi, Mohsen, Seismotectonics and consequences of the 1930s large earthquakes in eastern Mazandaran, north of Iran, Journal of Mountain Science, 19, 2, pp. 513-528, (2022); 
Farin, Maxime, Fundamental changes of granular flow dynamics, deposition, and erosion processes at high slope angles: Insights from laboratory experiments, Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 119, 3, pp. 504-532, (2014); 
Favreau, Pascal, Numerical modeling of landquakes, Geophysical Research Letters, 37, 15, (2010); 
Foda, Mostafa A., Landslides riding on basal pressure waves, Continuum Mechanics and Thermodynamics, 6, 1, pp. 61-79, (1994); 
Gao, Ge, Dynamic disintegration processes accompanying transport of an earthquake-induced landslide, Landslides, 18, 3, pp. 909-933, (2021)
PUBLISHER: Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Fan, X., Liu, B., Luo, J., Pan, K., Han, S., Zhou, Z.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Fan, Xinyue (57760733000); Liu, Bin (56464425200); Luo, Jie (57577414100); Pan, Ke (57907764400); Han, Suyue (57215499164); Zhou, Zhongli (7406092969)
57760733000; 56464425200; 57577414100; 57907764400; 57215499164; 7406092969
Comparison of earthquake-induced shallow landslide susceptibility assessment based on two-category LR and KDE-MLR
(2023) Scientific Reports, 13 (1), art. no. 833, Cited 26 times.
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28096-z
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85146327898&doi=10.1038%2Fs41598-023-28096-z&partnerID=40&md5=878fff230ec276d7fe3f23a70a97fbab

AFFILIATIONS: Geomathematics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; College of Mathematics and Physics, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; College of Management Science, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: Geological hazards caused by strong earthquakes have caused continuous social and economic losses and destruction of the ecological environment in the hazard area, and are mostly manifested in the areas with frequent occurrence of geological hazards or the clustering of geological hazards. Considering the long-term nature of earthquakes and geological disasters in this region, this paper takes ten earthquake-stricken areas in Wenchuan earthquake zone as examples to collect shallow landslide data in 2010, combined with the spatial location of landslides and other factors. Kernel density estimation (KDE) method is used to analyze the spatial characteristics of shallow landslide. Taking the space of shallow landslide as the characteristic variable and fully considering the regulating factors of earthquake-induced landslide: terrain complexity, distance to river, distance to fault, distance to road, lithology, normalized vegetation difference index (NDVI) and ground peak acceleration (PGA) as independent variables, based on KDE and polynomial logistic regression (MLR), A quantitative model of shallow landslide in the earthquake area is constructed. The results show that: (1) PGA has the greatest impact on landslide in the study area. (2) Compared with the two-category logistic regression (two-category LR) model, the susceptibility map of landslide prediction results based on the KDE-MLR landslide susceptibility prediction model is more consistent with the actual situation. (3) The prediction accuracy of the model validation set is 70.7%, indicating that the landslide susceptibility prediction model based on KDE-MLR can effectively highlight the spatial characteristics of shallow landslides in 10 extreme disaster areas. The research results can provide decision-making basis for shallow landslide warning and post-disaster reconstruction in earthquake-stricken areas. © 2023, The Author(s).
INDEX KEYWORDS: acceleration; article; decision making; disaster; earthquake; human; independent variable; landslide; prediction; river; vegetation
REFERENCES: Li, Xiaoli, Spatiotemporal characteristics of earthquake disaster losses in China from 1993 to 2016, Natural Hazards, 94, 2, pp. 843-865, (2018); 
Han, Peifeng, Statistical analysis and forecasting of the secondary disasters induced by Lushan Earthquake, Journal of Natural Disasters, 27, 1, pp. 120-126, (2018); 
Ramirez, Marizen R., Epidemiology of traumatic injuries from earthquakes, Epidemiologic Reviews, 27, pp. 47-55, (2005); 
Dagdelenler, Gulseren, Modification of seed cell sampling strategy for landslide susceptibility mapping: an application from the Eastern part of the Gallipoli Peninsula (Canakkale, Turkey), Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 75, 2, pp. 575-590, (2016); 
Tsangaratos, Paraskevas, Landslide susceptibility mapping using a modified decision tree classifier in the Xanthi Perfection, Greece, Landslides, 13, 2, pp. 305-320, (2016); 
Chen, Wei, Application of frequency ratio and weights of evidence models in landslide susceptibility mapping for the Shangzhou District of Shangluo City, China, Environmental Earth Sciences, 75, 1, pp. 1-10, (2016); 
Stahl, Timothy A., Earthquake science in resilient societies, Tectonics, 36, 4, pp. 749-753, (2017); 
Xu, Chong, Comment on "Spatial distribution analysis of landslides triggered by 2008.5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake, China" by Shengwen Qi, Qiang Xu, Hengxing Lan, Bing Zhang, Jianyou Liu [Engineering Geology 116 (2010) 95-108], Engineering Geology, 133-134, pp. 40-42, (2012); 
Li, Junsong, Sensor-based mountain landslide sensitivity and logistics supply chain management optimization, Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 14, 16, (2021); 
Pathak, Dinesh, Knowledge based landslide susceptibility mapping in the Himalayas, Geoenvironmental Disasters, 3, 1, (2016)
PUBLISHER: Nature Research
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS; GREEN ACCEPTED OPEN ACCESS; GREEN OPEN ACCESS

Liang, Y., Cui, S., Pei, X., Zhu, L., Wang, H., Yang, Q.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Liang, Yufei (57208153398); Cui, Shenghua (56660242900); Pei, Xiangjun (14058672500); Zhu, Ling (57210012612); Wang, Hui (57221309102); Yang, Qingwen (57192083411)
57208153398; 56660242900; 14058672500; 57210012612; 57221309102; 57192083411
Shear behavior of bedding fault material on the basal layer of DGB landslide
(2023) Scientific Reports, 13 (1), art. no. 233, Cited 1 times.
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27488-5
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85145645348&doi=10.1038%2Fs41598-023-27488-5&partnerID=40&md5=6798bf2cdecec524a72b6db817298a94

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: Daguangbao (DGB) Landslide (12 × 108 m3) is the largest landslide triggered by the 2008 Ms8.0 Wenchuan Earthquake, in which basal shear failure develops on an interlayer fault at 400 m deep under the ground. After the landslide, a 1.8 km long (in the sliding direction) oblique shear face is exposed. Different kinds of materials in the interlayer fault of DGB landslide are taken for direct shear test, medium scale shear test, in-situ shear test and ring shear test. The test results show that fault material cohesion ranges from 20 to 320 kPa and internal friction angle from 15° to 41°. Shearing strength of interlayer fault materials is related to fragmentation degree of structure. The lower fragmentation degree the more obvious strain softening characteristics of materials, the higher fragmentation degree the poorer shearing resistance of materials. Compared with argillaceous materials in the same fault, the mylonitic materials are of higher shear strength and internal friction angle. Both mylonitic materials and breccia materials are strong in liquefying. In saturated undrained cases, shear strength of fault materials could drop to 9.7°, with S3 down to 0. In saturated undrained dynamic shear conditions, fault internal friction angle could be reduced to 23.1° and 4.2°. It is concluded that low friction feature of fault materials caused by the influence of groundwater is the main reason for destabilization of DGB landslide. © 2023, The Author(s).
REFERENCES: Cui, Shenghua, Geological and morphological study of the Daguangbao landslide triggered by the Ms. 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Geomorphology, 370, (2020); 
Huang, Runqiu, The landslide story, Nature Geoscience, 6, 5, pp. 325-326, (2013); 
Yin, Yueping, Dynamic response characteristics of Daguangbao landslide triggered by Wenchuan earthquake, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 31, 10, pp. 1969-1982, (2012); 
Zhang, Yingbin Bin, Effects of near-fault seismic loadings on run-out of large-scale landslide: A case study, Engineering Geology, 166, pp. 216-236, (2013); 
Song, Yixiang, Numerical modelling of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake-triggered Daguangbao landslide using a velocity and displacement dependent friction law, Engineering Geology, 215, pp. 50-68, (2016); 
Wu, Jian Hong, New geometric restriction for the displacement-constraint points in discontinuous deformation analysis, International Journal of Geomechanics, 17, 5, (2017); 
Cui, Shenghua, Characterizing the spatial distribution, frequency, geomorphological and geological controls on landslides triggered by the 1933 Mw 7.3 Diexi Earthquake, Sichuan, China, Geomorphology, 403, (2022); 
Cui, Shenghua, Earthquake-Induced Stress Amplification and Rock Fragmentation within a Deep-Seated Bedding Fault: Case Study of the Daguangbao Landslide Triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake (Ms = 8:0), Lithosphere, 2022, SpecialIssue7, (2022); 
Pei, Xiangjun, A model of initiation of Daguangbao landslide: dynamic dilation and water hammer in sliding zone during strong seismic shaking, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 37, 2, pp. 430-448, (2018); 
Cui, Shenghua, Liquefaction within a bedding fault: Understanding the initiation and movement of the Daguangbao landslide triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake (Ms = 8.0), Engineering Geology, 295, (2021)
PUBLISHER: Nature Research
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS; GREEN ACCEPTED OPEN ACCESS; GREEN OPEN ACCESS

Hu, Z., Yi, B., Li, H., Zhong, C., Gao, P., Chen, J., Yao, Q., Guo, H.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Hu, Zekun (58718645000); Yi, Bangjin (57226384480); Li, Hui (57060864200); Zhong, Cheng (57206593474); Gao, Peng (59101136500); Chen, Jiaoqi (58719786400); Yao, Qianxiang (57857220700); Guo, Haojia (57859726100)
58718645000; 57226384480; 57060864200; 57206593474; 59101136500; 58719786400; 57857220700; 57859726100
Comparative Evaluation of State-of-the-Art Semantic Segmentation Networks for Long-Term Landslide Map Production
(2023) Sensors, 23 (22), art. no. 9041, Cited 9 times.
DOI: 10.3390/s23229041
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85177741059&doi=10.3390%2Fs23229041&partnerID=40&md5=e456271f0de95849c0639b1e1141b90f

AFFILIATIONS: China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Three Gorges Research Center for Geo-hazard, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Yunnan Institute of Geological Science, Kunming, Yunnan, China; School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC, United States; Department of Geography, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
ABSTRACT: The production of long-term landslide maps (LAM) holds crucial importance in estimating landslide activity, vegetation disturbance, and regional stability. However, the availability of LAMs remains limited in many regions, despite the application of various machine-learning methods, deep-learning (DL) models, and ensemble strategies in landslide detection. While transfer learning is considered an effective approach to tackle this challenge, there has been limited exploration and comparison of the temporal transferability of state-of-the-art deep-learning models in the context of LAM production, leaving a significant gap in the research. In this study, an extensive series of tests was conducted to evaluate the temporal transferability of typical semantic segmentation models, specifically U-Net, U-Net 3+, and TransU-Net, using a 10-year landslide-inventory dataset located near the epicenter of the Wenchuan earthquake. The experiment results disclose the feasibility and limitations of implementing transfer-learning methods for LAM production, particularly when leveraging the power of U-Net 3+. Furthermore, following an assessment of the effects of varying data volumes, patch sizes, and time intervals, this study recommends appropriate settings for LAM production, emphasizing the balance between efficiency and production performance. The findings from this study can serve as a valuable reference for devising an efficient and reliable strategy for large-scale LAM production in landslide-prone regions. © 2023 by the authors.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: deep learning; landslide inventory; machine learning; transfer learning; U-Net3+
INDEX KEYWORDS: Deep learning; Earthquakes; Learning systems; Semantic Segmentation; Semantics; Statistical tests; Transfer learning; Comparative evaluations; Disturbance stability; Landslide inventories; Learning models; Machine-learning; Semantic segmentation; State of the art; U-net3+; Landslides; article; controlled study; deep learning; earthquake; laboratory software; landslide; lymphangioleiomyomatosis; machine learning; map; transfer of learning; vegetation
REFERENCES: Donnini, Marco, Impact of event landslides on road networks: a statistical analysis of two Italian case studies, Landslides, 14, 4, pp. 1521-1535, (2017); 
Zhong, Cheng, Evaluating trends, profits, and risks of global cities in recent urban expansion for advancing sustainable development, Habitat International, 138, (2023); 
Assilzadeh, Hamid, Landslide catastrophes and disaster risk reduction: A GIS framework for landslide prevention and management, Remote Sensing, 2, 9, pp. 2259-2273, (2010); 
Guzzetti, Fausto, Landslide inventory maps: New tools for an old problem, Earth-Science Reviews, 112, 1-2, pp. 42-66, (2012); 
Zhang, Shuai, Evolution of Mass Movements near Epicentre of Wenchuan Earthquake, the First Eight Years, Scientific Reports, 6, (2016); 
Zhong, Cheng, Discovering vegetation recovery and landslide activities in the wenchuan earthquake area with landsat imagery, Sensors, 21, 15, (2021); 
Zhong, Cheng, Landslide mapping with remote sensing: challenges and opportunities, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 41, 4, pp. 1555-1581, (2020); 
Wang, Qianqian, IBRNet: Learning Multi-View Image-Based Rendering, Proceedings of the IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 4688-4697, (2021); 
Meena, Sansar Raj, Landslide detection in the Himalayas using machine learning algorithms and U-Net, Landslides, 19, 5, pp. 1209-1229, (2022); 
Ghorbanzadeh, Omid, Landslide detection using deep learning and object-based image analysis, Landslides, 19, 4, pp. 929-939, (2022)
PUBLISHER: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS; GREEN ACCEPTED OPEN ACCESS; GREEN OPEN ACCESS

Zhang, W.-J., Zhang, W., Chen, Y., Ji, J., Gao, Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhang, Weijie (56230316400); Zhang, Wei (59467962800); Chen, Yu (58546430100); Ji, Jian (36983916600); Gao, Yufeng (7404706179)
56230316400; 59467962800; 58546430100; 36983916600; 7404706179
Uncertainty evaluation of the run-out distance of flow-like landslides considering the anisotropic scale of fluctuation in the random field of internal friction angle
(2023) Acta Geotechnica, 18 (11), pp. 5839 - 5857, Cited 18 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11440-023-02041-w
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85168593596&doi=10.1007%2Fs11440-023-02041-w&partnerID=40&md5=59b83d8f8d1d90c3f2bf0bd7989177dc

AFFILIATIONS: Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Ltd, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
ABSTRACT: Naturally, sedimented strata bring about complicated distributions for geomaterial properties with different random field parameters in different directions, e.g., the anisotropic scale of fluctuation (SOF). This study aims to reveal the variation law of landslide run-out distance under the random field of internal friction angle with anisotropic SOF by using a stochastic smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method. The Monte Carlo simulation technique, which requires the discretization of random samples and deterministic analysis of landslide flow processes, was chosen in the stochastic SPH method as the modeling method for parameter randomness. Then, the autocorrelation matrix decomposition algorithm was introduced to generate random fields with anisotropic SOF. The SPH method with the combination of the Mohr–Coulomb failure criterion and non-Newtonian fluid model was used to conduct the deterministic flow-process simulation of landslides. The deterministic SPH method is validated through the simulation of the Chengxi landslide in the Wenchuan earthquake and a simple stratigraphic model was simulated to study the influence of the anisotropic SOF on the random field of the internal friction angle. Thereafter, an illustrative landslide model was designed according to the cross-section profile of the Chengxi landslide, and the uncertainty characteristics of landslide run-out distances under different SOFs were evaluated by the stochastic SPH method. In conclusion, the influence of the vertical SOF on the landslide run-out distance is more obvious than that of the horizontal SOF, and the increase in the vertical SOF makes the fluctuation range of the landslide run-out distance larger. In addition, the distribution characteristics of landslide run-out distance under random fields of the internal friction angle with anisotropic SOF are more consistent with the lognormal distribution. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Internal friction angle; Landslide; Run-out distance; Scale of fluctuation; Stochastic analysis
INDEX KEYWORDS: anisotropy; computer simulation; hydrodynamics; landslide; Monte Carlo analysis; slope dynamics; stochasticity; uncertainty analysis; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Andersen, S. M., Modelling of landslides with the material-point method, Computational Geosciences, 14, 1, pp. 137-147, (2010); 
Balmforth, Neil J., Yielding to stress: Recent developments in viscoplastic fluid mechanics, Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, 46, pp. 121-146, (2014); 
Bao, Yangjuan, Sph simulation of high-volume rapid landslides triggered by earthquakes based on a unified constitutive Model. Part II: Solid-Liquid-Like Phase Transition and Flow-Like Landslides, International Journal of Computational Methods, 17, 4, (2020); 
Becker, Markus, Weakly compressible SPH for free surface flows, pp. 209-218, (2007); 
Bui, Ha H., Lagrangian meshfree particles method (SPH) for large deformation and failure flows of geomaterial using elastic-plastic soil constitutive model, International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, 32, 12, pp. 1537-1570, (2008); 
Chen, Xuejian, A three-dimensional large-deformation random finite-element study of landslide runout considering spatially varying soil, Landslides, 18, 9, pp. 3149-3162, (2021); 
Cheng, Hualin, Physical process-based runout modeling and hazard assessment of catastrophic debris flow using SPH incorporated with ArcGIS: A case study of the Hongchun gully, Catena, 212, (2022); 
Choi, Shinkyu, Assessment of barrier location effect on debris flow based on smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) simulation on 3D terrains, Landslides, 18, 1, pp. 217-234, (2021); 
Cui, Qi, Quantitative risk assessment of landslides with direct simulation of pre-failure to post-failure behaviors, Acta Geotechnica, 17, 10, pp. 4497-4514, (2022); 
Dai, Zili, 3D numerical modeling using smoothed particle hydrodynamics of flow-like landslide propagation triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Engineering Geology, 180, pp. 21-33, (2014)
PUBLISHER: Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wang, H., Zhang, L., Wang, L., Fan, R., Zhou, S., Qiang, Y., Peng, M.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wang, Haojie (57201345466); Zhang, Limin Min (58883008100); Wang, Lin (57196332327); Fan, Ruilin (57201337970); Zhou, Shengyang (57207992909); Qiang, Yejia (57210569641); Peng, Ming (37108434300)
57201345466; 58883008100; 57196332327; 57201337970; 57207992909; 57210569641; 37108434300
Machine learning powered high-resolution co-seismic landslide detection
(2023) Gondwana Research, 123, pp. 217 - 237, Cited 11 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.gr.2022.07.004
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85134808230&doi=10.1016%2Fj.gr.2022.07.004&partnerID=40&md5=c8562ca38f9e2ade432b9f2693bee2b6

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong; HKUST Shenzhen-Hong Kong Collaborative Innovation Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Department of Geotechnical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Engineering, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China; Department of Geotechnical Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
ABSTRACT: Numerous co-seismic landslides can be triggered by a strong earthquake. Fast and accurate detection and mapping of these landslides are crucial for rapid risk assessment and humanitarian assistance. Traditional visual interpretation is time-consuming and heavily influenced by human judgement. This paper presents an integrated machine learning (ML) powered method for co-seismic landslide detection, which combines multi-source data, pixel-based and object-based treatments, and ML techniques. The proposed method first fuses multi-source data, including optical images, synthetic aperture radar images and digital elevation models, to produce data layers and reference landslide inventories for learning. After that, ML algorithms are coupled with pixel-based and object-based treatments to produce a series of co-seismic landslide detection models. Powerful models are subsequently recommended after comprehensive evaluation. Two case studies of earthquakes in China are presented. The first is in the epicenter area of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. Even trained with only 5% of local data, the proposed method still achieves an accuracy of area (AOA) of 97.77% in the trained area and an AOA of 93.17% in a new area. If trained with the entire local data, an AOA of 99.99% in the trained area and 94.56% in a new area can be obtained. The second case detects the co-seismic landslides induced by the 2017 Jiuzhaigou earthquake. An AOA of 96.55% is achieved with 5% of local data. The case studies confirm the outstanding performance and generic nature of the proposed machine learning method, greatly advancing the state of the art of high-resolution co-seismic landslide detection and the landslide science. © 2022
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Artificial intelligence; Earthquake; Landslides; Machine learning; Risk management; Synthetic aperture radar
INDEX KEYWORDS: artificial intelligence; coseismic process; detection method; landslide; machine learning; risk assessment; Sichuan earthquake 2008; synthetic aperture radar; China
REFERENCES: Angewandte Geographische Informationsverarbeitung Xii, (2000); 
Barlow, John, Detecting translational landslide scars using segmentation of Landsat ETM+ and DEM data in the northern Cascade Mountains, British Columbia, Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing, 29, 4, pp. 510-517, (2003); 
Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011); 
Dikshit, Abhirup, Pathways and challenges of the application of artificial intelligence to geohazards modelling, Gondwana Research, 100, pp. 290-301, (2021); 
Fan, Ruilin, Evaluating volume of coseismic landslide clusters by flow direction-based partitioning, Engineering Geology, 260, (2019); 
Fan, Ruilin, Evolution of debris flow activities in Gaojiagou Ravine during 2008–2016 after the Wenchuan earthquake, Engineering Geology, 235, pp. 1-10, (2018); 
Fan, Xuanmei, Coseismic landslides triggered by the 8th August 2017 M s 7.0 Jiuzhaigou earthquake (Sichuan, China): factors controlling their spatial distribution and implications for the seismogenic blind fault identification, Landslides, 15, 5, pp. 967-983, (2018); 
Ghorbanzadeh, Omid, Evaluation of different machine learning methods and deep-learning convolutional neural networks for landslide detection, Remote Sensing, 11, 2, (2019); 
Haralick, Robert Martin, Statistical and structural approaches to texture, Proceedings of the IEEE, 67, 5, pp. 786-804, (1979); 
Elements of Statistical Learning, (2001)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier Inc.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Lin, Y., An, C., Zheng, S., Nie, R., Parker, G., Hassan, M.A., Czapiga, M.J., Fu, X.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Lin, Yongpeng (57829560600); An, Chenge (52063216300); Zheng, Shan (55303017600); Nie, Ruihua (15822189300); Parker, Gary N. (23111326400); Hassan, Marwan A. (7401625797); Czapiga, Matthew J. (55327236100); Fu, Xudong (7402205186)
57829560600; 52063216300; 55303017600; 15822189300; 23111326400; 7401625797; 55327236100; 7402205186
Degradation of a Foreland River After the Wenchuan Earthquake, China: A Combined Effect of Weirs, Sediment Supply, and Sediment Mining
(2023) Water Resources Research, 59 (10), art. no. e2023WR035345, Cited 5 times.
DOI: 10.1029/2023WR035345
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85173629692&doi=10.1029%2F2023WR035345&partnerID=40&md5=b9d6bba15d74fe1346dbb741348d5316

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Hydro Science and Engineering, Beijing, China; Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; The Grainger College of Engineering, Urbana, IL, United States; Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States; Department of Geography, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Molinaroli College of Engineering and Computing, Columbia, SC, United States
ABSTRACT: Since the 2008 Wenchuan (Ms. 8.0) Earthquake, the foreland rivers of the Longmen Mountains have suffered from significant bed degradation, among which the Shi-ting River has experienced the largest local degradation of more than 20 m in 7 years. Potential reasons of the dramatic degradation include: (a) sediment disconnectivity due to in-channel weirs; (b) the mobilization effect on gravel of an increased sand supply as a result of earthquake-induced landslides; and (c) sediment extraction due to intensive mining. In this paper, we study the complex interaction among the above-mentioned factors in the Shi-ting River, using a one-dimensional river morphodynamic model. Simulation results show that in-channel weirs can reduce bedload transport and lead to bed degradation that is proportional to weir height. When coupled with additional sand supply, the weirs preferentially trap gravel and deliver sand, augmenting the downstream mobility of gravel and thus the degradation. For the Shi-ting River, the simulated bed degradation agrees well with the observation when an annual sediment mining of 16 million tons is implemented in the simulation, along with the effects of in-channel weirs and sand supply. The contribution of sediment mining is one order of magnitude larger than the coupling effect of weirs and sand supply. Both the simulation and observation show that the largest bed degradation occurs downstream of the Renmin Weir, due to the large spatial interval between the Renmin Weir and the next grade control structure. © 2023. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: earthquake; foreland rivers; grade control structures; gravel transport augmenting sand; river degradation; sediment mining
INDEX KEYWORDS: Earthquakes; Mining; Rivers; Sand; Sediments; Weirs; Bed degradation; Down-stream; Foreland river; Grade-control structures; Gravel transport augmenting sand; In-channels; River degradation; Sand supply; Sediment mining; Wenchuan Earthquake; Gravel; bedload; earthquake event; gravel; mobilization; morphodynamics; sediment transport; China; Longmen Mountains; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: An, Chenge, Can magic sand cause massive degradation of a gravel-bed river at the decadal scale? Shi‑ting River, China, Geomorphology, 327, pp. 147-158, (2019); 
Anderson, Elizabeth P., Fragmentation of Andes-to-Amazon connectivity by hydropower dams, Science Advances, 4, 1, (2018); 
Bendixen, Mette, Time is running out for sand, Nature, 571, 7763, pp. 29-31, (2019); 
Bendixen, Mette, Sand, gravel, and UN Sustainable Development Goals: Conflicts, synergies, and pathways forward, One Earth, 4, 8, pp. 1095-1111, (2021); 
Brunier, Guillaume, Recent morphological changes in the Mekong and Bassac river channels, Mekong delta: The marked impact of river-bed mining and implications for delta destabilisation, Geomorphology, 224, pp. 177-191, (2014); 
Bulteau, Théo, Geomorphic effects of a run-of-the-river dam in a multi-driver context: The case of the Upper Garonne (Central Pyrenees), Geomorphology, 408, (2022); 
Casserly, Colm M., Impact of low-head dams on bedload transport rates in coarse-bedded streams, Science of the Total Environment, 716, (2020); 
Chu, Zhongxin, A quantitative assessment of human impacts on decrease in sediment flux from major Chinese rivers entering the western Pacific Ocean, Geophysical Research Letters, 36, 19, (2009); 
Csiki, Shane J.C., Hydraulic and geomorphological effects of run-of-river dams, Progress in Physical Geography, 34, 6, pp. 755-780, (2010); 
Cui, Peng, The Wenchuan Earthquake (May 12, 2008), Sichuan Province, China, and resulting geohazards, Natural Hazards, 56, 1, pp. 19-36, (2011)
PUBLISHER: John Wiley and Sons Inc
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Tian, Y., Huang, H., Xie, Z., She, T., Li, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Tian, You (57218293641); Huang, Hai (57218266287); Xie, Zhongsheng (57215292060); She, Tao (55295536200); Li, Jinyang (59535829400)
57218293641; 57218266287; 57215292060; 55295536200; 59535829400
A study of activity history and formation mechanism of Tangjiawan landslide in Beichuan section of Yingxiu-Beichuan fault zone 映秀-北川断裂带北川段唐家湾滑坡活动历史与形成机制
(2023) Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology, 43 (3), pp. 629 - 639, Cited 1 times.
DOI: 10.19826/j.cnki.1009-3850.2022.03004
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85216593431&doi=10.19826%2Fj.cnki.1009-3850.2022.03004&partnerID=40&md5=2a88f8c36e4894a978ee7cac704e295b

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Exploration Technology, CAGS, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Technical Center for Geological Hazard Prevention and Control, CGS, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Institute of Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources, CAGS, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: This paper takes the Tangjiawan landslide in the Beichuan section of the Yingxiu-Beichuan fault zone as its research object, combines terrain data, multi-period remote sensing and aerial images, and 14C dating data, and subdivides the activity history of the Tangjiawan landslide.The main controlling factors for the resurgence of the Tangjiawan landslide in 2016 are analyzed. The research results can be summarized as follows: (1) There have been at least four periods of slippage in the history of the Tangjiawan slope. Among them, the first landslide occurred before the Holocene, the second occurred in the early Holocene, the third occurred during the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and was a coseismic landslide generated during the activity of the Longmenshan fault zone, and the fourth occurred in 2016 and 2018, respectively, which were caused by the local resurgence of landslide deposits in the fault zone; (2) The formation of the Tangjiawan landslide in 2016 was related to factors such as fault activity, river lateral erosion, and water. Among them, the binary slope structure formed by the overlying landslide accumulation body and the underlying high and steep bedrock is the decisive condition for the occurrence of the Tangjiawan landslide. The fault activity and the maximum principal stress deflection caused by it should be the important internal cause of the landslide deformation; (3) The geological model of the resurrection of landslide deposits in the fault zone based on the control of topographical conditions has been preliminarily discussed in Tangjiawan landslide. The evolution processes are the formation of landslides or steep terrain due to fault zone activity and river erosion, the back wall or steep terrain of the previous landslide accepting the accumulation of the upper old landslides, and the resurrection of the old landslide under the control of the dual slope structure. This landslide provides a unique case for studying the landslide revival in the fault zone controlled by topography. The research results have important reference value for understanding and evaluating this type of landslide, and carrying out comprehensive prevention and control. © 2023 The Editorial Staff of Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology. All rights reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Beichuan County in Sichuan Province; Coseismic landslide; land slide reactivation; topographic conditions; Yinxiu–Beichuan fault
REFERENCES: Chen, Guoguang, Primary research of activity segmentation of Longmenshan fault zone since late-quaternary, Dizhen Dizhi, 29, 3, pp. 657-673, (2007); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2010); 
Cruden, David M., Landslide types and processes, Special Report - National Research Council, Transportation Research Board, 247, pp. 36-75, (1996); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2008); 
Dai, Fuchu, Rock avalanches triggered by oblique-thrusting during the 12 May 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Geomorphology, 132, 3-4, pp. 300-318, (2011); 
Deng, Hui, Formation of the Siwanli ancient landslide in the Dadu River, China, Landslides, 14, 1, pp. 385-394, (2017); 
Acta Geoscientica Sinica, (2008); 
Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, (2017); 
Guo, Jian, Formation and reactivation mechanism of an ancient landslide in Heishui reservoir of Minjiang River, China, Journal of Chengdu University of Technology (Science and Technology Edition), 40, 6, pp. 721-728, (2013); 
Huang, Runqiu, Large-scale landslides and their sliding mechanisms in China since the 20th century, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 26, 3, pp. 433-454, (2007)
PUBLISHER: The Editorial Staff of Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Chen, S., Miao, Z., Wu, L.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Chen, Shuai (57203314671); Miao, Zelang (55388064200); Wu, Lixin (55714061400)
57203314671; 55388064200; 55714061400
Probabilistic seismic landslide hazard mapping with consideration of slope occurrence environment 顾及坡体赋存环境的概率地震滑坡危险性制图
(2023) Cehui Xuebao/Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 52 (9), pp. 1548 - 1561, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.11947/j.AGCS.2023.20220213
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85175291876&doi=10.11947%2Fj.AGCS.2023.20220213&partnerID=40&md5=ddb519a61d034ae89b8a69eb2a62ee6b

AFFILIATIONS: School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Laboratory of GeoHazards Perception . Cognition and Predieation, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
ABSTRACT: Displacement model is a significant method for probabilistic seismic landslide hazard assessment. However, as the main inputs of the displacement model, the physical-mechanical parameters of rock mass only consider the lithological differences, while the spatial heterogeneous of the rock mass strength resulted from the slope occurrence environment was ignored before, which affects the reliability of the seismic landslide hazard assessment. Based on analysis to co-seismic landslides resulted from Wenchuan earthquake and study on the weighting of impact factors, this paper presents a new method for probabilistic seismic landslide hazard assessment with consideration of slope occurrence environment and develops a group of ArcGIS-based modules for probabilistic seismic landslide hazard mapping. Taking Kangding as an experimental example, the reliability of the proposed method is verified by using the landslides from remote sensing visual interpretation and field survey. Finally, according to the peak ground acceleration under different earthquake scenarios provided by the fifth-generation seismic ground motion parameters zonation map of China, the permanent seismic displacements of Kangding under different earthquake scenarios are computed, and the seismic landslide hazards are mapped. The results show that under the frequently encountered earthquake scenario, some areas in Kangding are high seismic landslide hazard areas mainly affected by the tectonic environment and rainfalls; while under the rarely encountered earthquake scenario, the area seriously affected by earthquakes in Kangding increases significantly and shows an obvious spatially clustering distribution, especially in the vicinity of Kangding and where along Kangding-Luding segment of national highway G318. Besides, the uncertainty of seismic landslide hazard mapping caused by rock mass strength difference is quantified and analyzed, which shows that rock mass strength is critical for the uncertainty of assessment results. For application, suitable rock mass strengths should be selected for different scenarios to conduct probabilistic seismic landslide hazard assessment and mapping. The presented method expands the GIS application in geohazard mapping, which is of general adaptability and could be improved further. The experimental results are valuable for future land planning and utilization in Kangding, and for prevention of earthquake-induced landslide and safeguard of Sichuan-Tibet railway. © 2023 SinoMaps Press. All rights reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: ArcGIS; displacement model; landslide hazard mapping; occurrence environment; probabilistic seismic landslide
INDEX KEYWORDS: Acceleration; Earthquakes; Hazards; Lithology; Mapping; Remote sensing; Rock mechanics; Rocks; Seismic response; Uncertainty analysis; ArcGIS; Displacement model; Earthquake scenario; Landslide hazard assessment; Landslide hazard mapping; Occurrence environment; Probabilistic seismic landslide; Probabilistics; Rock mass strength; Seismic landslides; Landslides; displacement; earthquake event; ground motion; hazard assessment; landslide; mapping method; remote sensing; road; rock mass classification; slope; China
REFERENCES: Fan, Xuanmei, Earthquake-Induced Chains of Geologic Hazards: Patterns, Mechanisms, and Impacts, Reviews of Geophysics, 57, 2, pp. 421-503, (2019); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2013); 
Guzzetti, Fausto, Estimating the quality of landslide susceptibility models, Geomorphology, 81, 1-2, pp. 166-184, (2006); 
Du, Ping, Rapid mapping of emergency scenario and cartographic information transmission, Cehui Xuebao/Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 48, 6, pp. 747-755, (2019); 
Jibson, Randall W., A method for producing digital probabilistic seismic landslide hazard maps, Engineering Geology, 58, 3-4, pp. 271-289, (2000); 
Yigit, Adil, Prediction of amount of earthquake-induced slope displacement by using Newmark method, Engineering Geology, 264, (2020); 
Wang, Tao, Inversion of the inducing effects of historical strong earthquakes on large-scale landslides around the middle reaches of the Weihe River, Acta Geoscientica Sinica, 36, 3, pp. 353-361, (2015); 
Zhang, Yongshuang, Predicting landslide scenes under potential earthquake scenarios in the Xianshuihe fault zone, Southwest China, Journal of Mountain Science, 14, 7, pp. 1262-1278, (2017); 
Chen, Xiaoli, Applying the Newmark's model to the assessment of earthquake-triggered landslides during the Lushan earthquake, Dizhen Dizhi, 35, 3, pp. 661-670, (2013); 
Dreyfus, Daniel, The influence of different simplified sliding-block models and input parameters on regional predictions of seismic landslides triggered by the Northridge earthquake, Engineering Geology, 163, pp. 41-54, (2013)
PUBLISHER: SinoMaps Press
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Li, J., Guo, B., Yang, G., Yu, K.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Li, Jialin (59083155100); Guo, Bing (55343659000); Yang, Guang (57421021500); Yu, Kun (58569042100)
59083155100; 55343659000; 57421021500; 58569042100
The Spatiotemporal Variations in Soil Erosion and Its Dominant Influencing Factors in the Wenchuan Earthquake-Stricken Area
(2023) Sustainability (Switzerland), 15 (17), art. no. 12701, Cited 3 times.
DOI: 10.3390/su151712701
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85170399984&doi=10.3390%2Fsu151712701&partnerID=40&md5=52d540a1a4f4a72ed7912cbbbc2c8783

AFFILIATIONS: School of Civil Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, China; Aerospace Information Research Institute, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Earthquakes have obvious influences on the spatiotemporal changes in soil erosion intensity in earthquake-stricken areas. However, fewer studies have been conducted to evaluate the spatiotemporal changes in soil erosion before and after the Wenchuan earthquake and its dominant factors in different periods. In order to explore the above issue, this study quantitatively analyzed the spatiotemporal variation characteristics of soil erosion in the Wenchuan earthquake-stricken area from 2000 to 2019 based on the RUSLE model, gravity center model, and its dominant factors in different periods were determined using Geodetector. The research results indicated that: (1) The amount of mean total erosion in the Wenchuan earthquake-stricken area during 2000–2019 was 10.05 × 108 t, with an average soil erosion modulus of 2038.2 t/(km2·a), indicating mild erosion. (2) The spatiotemporal patterns of soil erosion changed greatly in the Wenchuan earthquake-stricken areas during 2000–2019. Areas with intensified soil erosion were mainly distributed in Lixian, Wenchuan, Xiaojin, and other areas near the Longmenshan fault zones. (3) Landslides, debris flows, and floods caused by the Wenchuan earthquake contributed to aggravating the soil erosion intensity in the stricken area. (4) During 2000–2019, the soil erosion intensity showed an overall decreasing trend, while the soil erosion intensity showed an increasing trend around 2008 due to the Wenchuan earthquake. (5) During 2000–2019, soil erosion in the Wenchuan earthquake-stricken area has been greatly affected by vegetation, terrain, and land use types. The research results could provide important decision-making support for soil erosion prevention and ecosystem restoration in the Wenchuan earthquake-stricken area. In addition, these results would be conducive to revealing and understanding the interactive process of “Water–Soil–Vegetation” in mountainous regions all over the world. © 2023 by the authors.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: driving mechanism; gravity center; soil erosion; spatiotemporal pattern; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: gravity; Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation; Sichuan earthquake 2008; soil erosion; spatial variation; temporal variation; China; Longmenshan Fault Zone; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, (2000); 
Rehman, Zia Ur, Machine learning-based intelligent modeling of hydraulic conductivity of sandy soils considering a wide range of grain sizes, Engineering Geology, 311, (2022); 
Journal of Sediment Research, (2005); 
Journal of Subtropical Resources and Environment, (2007); 
Bircher, P., Comparing different multiple flow algorithms to calculate RUSLE factors of slope length (L) and slope steepness (S) in Switzerland, Geomorphology, 346, (2019); 
Fayas, Cassim Mohamed, Soil loss estimation using rusle model to prioritize erosion control in KELANI river basin in Sri Lanka, International Soil and Water Conservation Research, 7, 2, pp. 130-137, (2019); 
Chuenchum, Pavisorn, Predicted trends of soil erosion and sediment yield from future land use and climate change scenarios in the Lancang–Mekong River by using the modified RUSLE model, International Soil and Water Conservation Research, 8, 3, pp. 213-227, (2020); 
Henan Sci Technol, (2022); 
Southwest China J Agric Sci, (2022); 
Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, (2021)
PUBLISHER: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS; GREEN ACCEPTED OPEN ACCESS; GREEN OPEN ACCESS

Han, S., Liu, B., Fan, X., Feng, T., Yang, J., Zhou, Z., Gong, H., Luo, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Han, Suyue (57215499164); Liu, Bin (56464425200); Fan, Xinyue (57760733000); Feng, Tingting (57898052300); Yang, Jingjing (57891367000); Zhou, Zhongli (7406092969); Gong, Hao (57215502684); Luo, Jie (57577414100)
57215499164; 56464425200; 57760733000; 57898052300; 57891367000; 7406092969; 57215502684; 57577414100
A new approach for landslide susceptibility assessments based on KDE-MDBN: A case study from mountainous regions impacted by the Wenchuan earthquake, China
(2023) Environmental Modelling and Software, 167, art. no. 105759, Cited 13 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.envsoft.2023.105759
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85163995924&doi=10.1016%2Fj.envsoft.2023.105759&partnerID=40&md5=58e8eda4780d29dbdcdf194b6db97555

AFFILIATIONS: College of Management Science, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; College of Mathematics and Physics, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: Earthquake-stricken areas are characterized by frequent and long-lasting geological disasters. Therefore, a scientific and reasonable study on the spatial prediction of post-earthquake landslide hazards is beneficial to the sustainable development of these areas. Firstly, the spatial effects of landslide hazards are analyzed using KDE, and the singularity index is used to delineate the area where negative samples can be selected to reduce the impact of uncertainty on the model. Secondly, eight landslide influencing factors are selected, and the weights of each influencing factor are calculated by using a geodetector. Finally, the traditional binary dependent variable approach is changed, and a KDE-MDBN landslide hazard spatial susceptibility assessment model is constructed. The research indicates that the assessment model based on KDE-MDBN can accurately reflect the characteristics of the spatial distribution of landslide hazards in the area. The results of presented in this paper can provide reference information for subsequent susceptibility assessments. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Extremely earthquake-stricken areas; KDE—MDBN; Landslide hazard; Singularity index; Spatial susceptibility map
INDEX KEYWORDS: Hazards; Landslides; Uncertainty analysis; Assessment models; Case-studies; Extremely earthquake-stricken area; KDE—MDBN; Landslide hazard; Landslide susceptibility assessments; New approaches; Singularity indices; Spatial susceptibility map; Susceptibility maps; Earthquakes; hazard; landslide; spatial distribution; sustainable development; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Aniya, Masamu, Landslide-Susceptibility Mapping in the Amahata River Basin, Japan, Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 75, 1, pp. 102-114, (1985); 
Bacha, Alam Sher, Spatio-temporal landslide inventory and susceptibility assessment using Sentinel-2 in the Himalayan mountainous region of Pakistan, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 194, 11, (2022); 
Bai, Guogang, Resistivity of granite and sandstone varies with frequency and water saturation, Geomechanics and Geophysics for Geo-Energy and Geo-Resources, 8, 6, (2022); 
Balogun, Abdul Lateef, Spatial prediction of landslide susceptibility in western Serbia using hybrid support vector regression (SVR) with GWO, BAT and COA algorithms, Geoscience Frontiers, 12, 3, (2021); 
Bragagnolo, Lucimara, Landslide susceptibility mapping with r.landslide: A free open-source GIS-integrated tool based on Artificial Neural Networks, Environmental Modelling and Software, 123, (2020); 
Caccavale, Mauro, An integrated approach to earthquake-induced landslide hazard zoning based on probabilistic seismic scenario for Phlegrean Islands (Ischia, Procida and Vivara), Italy, Geomorphology, 295, pp. 235-259, (2017); 
Chen, Ming, The long-term evolution of landslide activity near the epicentral area of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China, Geomorphology, 367, (2020); 
Chen, Shuai, A One-Class-Classifier-Based Negative Data Generation Method for Rapid Earthquake-Induced Landslide Susceptibility Mapping, Frontiers in Earth Science, 9, (2021); 
Chen, Wei, Landslide susceptibility modeling based on GIS and Novel Bagging-based Kernel logistic regression, Applied Sciences (Switzerland), 8, 12, (2018); 
Chen, Yongliang, Application of one-class support vector machine to quickly identify multivariate anomalies from geochemical exploration data, Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis, 17, 3, pp. 231-238, (2017)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier Ltd
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Yang, Y., Tang, C., Tang, C., Chen, M., Cai, Y., Bu, X., Liu, C.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Yang, Yu (57216792040); Tang, Chenxiao (55486336700); Tang, Chuan (35932953300); Chen, Ming (57199453005); Cai, Yinghua (57216790501); Bu, Xianghang (56660319500); Liu, Chang (57218187244)
57216792040; 55486336700; 35932953300; 57199453005; 57216790501; 56660319500; 57218187244
Spatial and temporal evolution of long-term debris flow activity and the dynamic influence of condition factors in the Wenchuan earthquake-affected area, Sichuan, China
(2023) Geomorphology, 435, art. no. 108755, Cited 24 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2023.108755
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85161036716&doi=10.1016%2Fj.geomorph.2023.108755&partnerID=40&md5=79f03d327a018d2b7d5a709175ea487d

AFFILIATIONS: Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Chengdu Geological Environment Monitoring Station, Chengdu, China; Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; State Grid Corporation of China, Beijing, China; Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: In recent decades, there have been several extreme earthquakes around the world, with the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake resulting in the highest number of landslides and substantial deposition of loose material on steep terrain and deep gullies, thereby promoting post-earthquake debris flows. Our monitoring indicates that debris flows have become long-term threats for over a decade after the earthquake, and it is crucial to determine the long-term spatial and temporal changes of debris flows and the evolving influence of condition factors in the earthquake-affected area. Thus, we established a database of 1628 debris flow events occurring between 2000 and 2020 within the 31,627 km2 area affected by the Wenchuan earthquake. The database included information on the date of occurrence, GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) coordinate at the gully outlet, event washout volume, and scale level obtained from various sources. Post-seismic debris flow activity witnessed a significant increase, followed by oscillation with rainfall and gradual weakening. Using the average washout volume for each scale in different periods, we applied a grid calculation method to characterize the debris flow intensity (DFI) using the total debris flow volume of cells in different epochs to study the spatial and temporal evolution of debris flow activity. Thus, based on the DFI calculation, we introduced the certainty factor and Geodetector to determine the dynamic evolution of condition factors. Our results indicate that lithology, rainfall, and slope degree primarily controlled debris flows before the earthquake. However, coseismic landslides became the main promoting factor after the earthquake. As loose materials were consumed, hydrodynamic and topographic factors began to play a more significant role in controlling debris flows. During this process, the requirements for rainfall, slope degree, and terrain relief amplitude increased over time. Based on the annual volume of debris flows from 2000 to 2020, we developed a preliminary conceptual model, which indicated that post-earthquake debris flow activity can be categorized into three phases: active (2008–2013), unstable (2014–2033), and recession (2034–2045), with the debris flow activity anticipated to return to pre-earthquake levels by 2045. © 2023
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Condition factors; Debris flow database; Spatial–temporal evolution; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: database; debris flow; GNSS; landslide; Sichuan earthquake 2008; spatiotemporal analysis; temporal evolution; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Confronting Catastrophe New Perspectives on Natural Disasters, (2000); 
Cao, Ying, The role of gender and age in fracture distribution following the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Natural Hazards, 59, 3, pp. 1357-1375, (2011); 
Chang, Chiwen, Estimation of sediment volume of debris flow caused by extreme rainfall in Taiwan, Engineering Geology, 123, 1-2, pp. 83-90, (2011); 
Chang, Ming, Evolution process of sediment supply for debris flow occurrence in the Longchi area of Dujiangyan City after the Wenchuan earthquake, Landslides, 12, 3, pp. 611-623, (2015); 
Geoscience, (2018); 
Chen, Ningsheng, Impact of earthquake on debris flows - A case study on the wenchuan earthquake, Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami, 5, 5, pp. 493-508, (2011); 
Chen, Xiaoqing, Engineering measures for debris flow hazard mitigation in the Wenchuan earthquake area, Engineering Geology, 194, pp. 73-85, (2015); 
Chen, Ming, The long-term evolution of landslide activity near the epicentral area of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China, Geomorphology, 367, (2020); 
Chen, Ming, Temporal and spatial differentiation in the surface recovery of post-seismic landslides in Wenchuan earthquake-affected areas, Ecological Informatics, 64, (2021); 
Chen, Ming, Quantitative assessment of physical fragility of buildings to the debris flow on 20 August 2019 in the Cutou gully, Wenchuan, southwestern China, Engineering Geology, 293, (2021)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zhang, G., Cui, P., Gualtieri, C., Bazai, N.A., Zhang, X., Zhang, Z.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhang, Guotao (57188966463); Cui, Peng (56706923500); Gualtieri, Carlo (7006067309); Bazai, Nazir Ahmed (57191441923); Zhang, Xueqin (55715388200); Zhang, Zhengtao (57193609191)
57188966463; 56706923500; 7006067309; 57191441923; 55715388200; 57193609191
Increased nonstationarity of stormflow threshold behaviors in a forested watershed due to abrupt earthquake disturbance
(2023) Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 27 (15), pp. 3005 - 3020, Cited 8 times.
DOI: 10.5194/hess-27-3005-2023
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85171023167&doi=10.5194%2Fhess-27-3005-2023&partnerID=40&md5=cc7e3a6cd4d3bbb2b89f4772d423b31d

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Higher Education Commission of Pakistan, Islamabad, Pakistan; Department of Structures for Engineering and Architecture, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, NA, Italy; Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disaster, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Extreme earthquake disturbances to the vegetation of local and regional landscapes could swiftly impair the former hydrologic function, significantly increasing the challenge of predicting threshold behaviors of rainfall-runoff processes as well as the hydrologic system's complexity over time. It is still unclear how alternating catchment hydrologic behaviors under an ongoing large earthquake disruption are mediated by long-term interactions between landslides and vegetation evolution. In a well-known watershed affected by the Wenchuan earthquake, the nonlinear hydrologic behavior is examined using two thresholds with intervening linear segments. A lower rising threshold (THr) value (210.48ĝmm) observed in post-earthquake local landslide regions exhibited a faster stormflow response rate than that in undisturbed forest and grassland-shrubland regions, easily triggering huge flash-flood disasters. Additionally, an integrated response metric pair (integrated watershed average generation threshold THg-IWA and rising threshold THr-IWA) with areas of disparate land use, ecology, and physiography was proposed and efficiently applied to identify emergent catchment hydrologic behaviors. The interannual variation in the two integrated hydrologic thresholds before and following the earthquake was assessed to detect the temporal nonstationarity in hydrologic extremes and nonlinear runoff response. The year 2011 was an important turning point along the hydrologic disturbance-recovery timescale following the earthquake, as post-earthquake landslide evolution reached a state of extreme heterogeneity in space. At that time, the THr-IWA value decreased by ĝ1/4ĝ9ĝmm compared with the pre-earthquake level. This is closely related to the fast expansion of landslides, leading to a larger extension of variable source area from the channel to neighboring hillslopes, and faster subsurface stormflow, contributing to flash floods. Finally, we present a conceptual model interpreting how the short- and long-term interactions between earthquake-induced landslides and vegetation affect flood hydrographs at event timescale that generated an increased nonstationary hydrologic behavior. This study expands our current knowledge of threshold-based hydrologic and nonstationary stormflow behaviors in response to abrupt earthquake disturbance for the prediction of future flood regimes. © 2023 Copernicus GmbH. All rights reserved.
INDEX KEYWORDS: Catchments; Earthquakes; Floods; Forestry; Land use; Runoff; Storms; Vegetation; Watersheds; Flash-floods; Forested watersheds; Hydrologic function; Long-term interaction; Non-stationarities; Nonstationary; Regional landscapes; Storm flow; Threshold behavior; Time-scales; Landslides; annual variation; catchment; channel hydraulics; complexity; earthquake; environmental disturbance; flood; heterogeneity; landslide; runoff; timescale; watershed
REFERENCES: Ali, Geneviève A., Towards a unified threshold-based hydrological theory: Necessary components and recurring challenges, Hydrological Processes, 27, 2, pp. 313-318, (2013); 
Ali, Geneviève A., Comparison of threshold hydrologic response across northern catchments, Hydrological Processes, 29, 16, pp. 3575-3591, (2015); 
Arheimer, B., Detecting Changes in River Flow Caused by Wildfires, Storms, Urbanization, Regulation, and Climate Across Sweden, Water Resources Research, 55, 11, pp. 8990-9005, (2019); 
Bahmanpouri, Farhad, Prediction of river discharges at confluences based on Entropy theory and surface-velocity measurements, Journal of Hydrology, 606, (2022); 
Beiter, Daniel, Characterising hillslope–stream connectivity with a joint event analysis of stream and groundwater levels, Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 24, 12, pp. 5713-5744, (2020); 
Beyen, Kemal, Hanging Wall and Footwall Effects in the Largest Reverse-Slip Earthquake of Turkey, October 23, 2011, MW 7.2 Van Earthquake, Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 44, 5, pp. 4757-4781, (2019); 
Bladon, Kevin D., Increased streamflow in catchments affected by a forest disease epidemic, Science of the Total Environment, 691, pp. 112-123, (2019); 
Bracken, Louise J., Concepts of hydrological connectivity: Research approaches, Pathways and future agendas, Earth-Science Reviews, 119, pp. 17-34, (2013); 
Brantley, Steven, Future species composition will affect forest water use after loss of eastern hemlock from southern Appalachian forests, Ecological Applications, 23, 4, pp. 777-790, (2013); 
Cain, Molly R., Antecedent Conditions Control Thresholds of Tile-Runoff Generation and Nitrogen Export in Intensively Managed Landscapes, Water Resources Research, 58, 2, (2022)
PUBLISHER: Copernicus Publications
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Su, N., Xu, L., Yang, B., Li, Y., Gu, F.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Su, Na (57188721210); Xu, Linrong (7404745385); Yang, Bo (57719879300); Li, Yongwei (57217494421); Gu, Fengyu (57927432900)
57188721210; 7404745385; 57719879300; 57217494421; 57927432900
Risk Assessment of Single-Gully Debris Flow Based on Dynamic Changes in Provenance in the Wenchuan Earthquake Zone: A Case Study of the Qipan Gully
(2023) Sustainability (Switzerland), 15 (15), art. no. 12098, Cited 4 times.
DOI: 10.3390/su151512098
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85167925585&doi=10.3390%2Fsu151512098&partnerID=40&md5=d8bb41bee6efbfd41505a100a11efe3d

AFFILIATIONS: School of Civil Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; College of Civil Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
ABSTRACT: After the Wenchuan earthquake on 12 May 2008, a huge amount of loose deposits was generated on the mountain surface in the earthquake zone, and vegetation was severely damaged, providing a rich source of material for debris flow, greatly increasing the danger. For many years, researchers have mainly considered the recovery of slope vegetation in assessing the risk of debris flow post-earthquake. However, field investigations have found that large amounts of the dynamic reserve materials in the gully have an important impact on the risk. Thus, based on field survey data, this paper takes the Qipan gully in Wenchuan County as an object and uses multi-source and multi-scale monitoring methods (Landsat series, Quickbird, and Unmanned Air Vehicle) to analyze and statistically study the provenance of the slope and gully both pre- and post- the earthquake. By comprehensively using game theory combination weighting and the cloud model, a dynamic risk assessment model for debris flow was constructed to evaluate the risk of debris flow from 2005 to 2019. The results show that the slope provenance post-earthquake was 7.7 times that of pre-earthquake, and by 2019 the slope provenance had recovered to the pre-earthquake level. Based on the statistical estimation of the amount of debris flow outbreak and the dredging of the blocking dam recorded in relevant data, the dynamic provenance of debris flow had decreased by about 781.3 × 104 m3 by 2019. Compared with considering slope provenance only, the assessment result of debris flow risk considering both slope and gully provenance is more realistic. The results are expected to provide reference and guidance for dynamic assessment of the risk of debris flow faced by increasing projects in high-seismic-intensity mountainous areas and to ensure the safety of people’s lives and property effectively. © 2023 by the authors.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: changes in provenance; cloud model; combination weighting method; debris flow; risk assessment; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: debris flow; dredging; earthquake event; field survey; game theory; gully; mountain region; provenance; risk assessment; safety; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011); 
Chang, Ming, Hazard assessment of debris flows in the Wenchuan earthquake-stricken area, South West China, Landslides, 14, 5, pp. 1783-1792, (2017); 
Fan, Xuanmei, Two multi-temporal datasets that track the enhanced landsliding after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Earth System Science Data, 11, 1, pp. 35-55, (2019); 
Li, Ning, Characteristics of the disastrous debris flow of Chediguan gully in Yinxing town, Sichuan Province, on August 20, 2019, Scientific Reports, 11, 1, (2021); 
Huang, Runqiu, Geo-engineering lessons learned from the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan and their significance to reconstruction, Journal of Mountain Science, 8, 2, pp. 176-189, (2011); 
Yang, Wentao, Decreased post-seismic landslides linked to vegetation recovery after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Ecological Indicators, 89, pp. 438-444, (2018); 
Fan, Ruilin, Evolution of debris flow activities in Gaojiagou Ravine during 2008–2016 after the Wenchuan earthquake, Engineering Geology, 235, pp. 1-10, (2018); 
Chen, Ming, The long-term evolution of landslide activity near the epicentral area of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China, Geomorphology, 367, (2020); 
Yang, Fan, Catastrophic debris flows triggered by the 20 August 2019 rainfall, a decade since the Wenchuan earthquake, China, Landslides, 18, 9, pp. 3197-3212, (2021); 
Fan, Xuanmei, Spatio-temporal evolution of mass wasting after the 2008 Mw 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake revealed by a detailed multi-temporal inventory, Landslides, 15, 12, pp. 2325-2341, (2018)
PUBLISHER: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS; GREEN ACCEPTED OPEN ACCESS; GREEN OPEN ACCESS

Yang, H., Shi, P., Quincey, D., Qi, W., Yang, W.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Yang, Hui (57443211100); Shi, Peijun (7202160985); Quincey, Duncan J. (9533303700); Qi, Wenwen (55524261400); Yang, Wentao (55499294400)
57443211100; 7202160985; 9533303700; 55524261400; 55499294400
A Heterogeneous Sampling Strategy to Model Earthquake-Triggered Landslides
(2023) International Journal of Disaster Risk Science, 14 (4), pp. 636 - 648, Cited 6 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s13753-023-00489-8
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85160027059&doi=10.1007%2Fs13753-023-00489-8&partnerID=40&md5=28da8fe5c7fd3d31810b866933f2a109

AFFILIATIONS: School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, Beijing, China; Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; Academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, United Kingdom; National Institute of Natural Hazards, Beijing, Beijing, China; Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Regional modeling of landslide hazards is an essential tool for the assessment and management of risk in mountain environments. Previous studies that have focused on modeling earthquake-triggered landslides report high prediction accuracies. However, it is common to use a validation strategy with an equal number of landslide and non-landslide samples, scattered homogeneously across the study area. Consequently, there are overestimations in the epicenter area, and the spatial pattern of modeled locations does not agree well with real events. In order to improve landslide hazard mapping, we proposed a spatially heterogeneous non-landslide sampling strategy by considering local ratios of landslide to non-landslide area. Coseismic landslides triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake on the eastern Tibetan Plateau were used as an example. To assess the performance of the new strategy, we trained two random forest models that shared the same hyperparameters. The first was trained using samples from the new heterogeneous strategy, and the second used the traditional approach. In each case the spatial match between modeled and measured (interpreted) landslides was examined by scatterplot, with a 2 km-by-2 km fishnet. Although the traditional approach achieved higher AUC<inf>ROC</inf> (0.95) accuracy than the proposed one (0.85), the coefficient of determination (R2) for the new strategy (0.88) was much higher than for the traditional strategy (0.55). Our results indicate that the proposed strategy outperforms the traditional one when comparing against landslide inventory data. Our work demonstrates that higher prediction accuracies in landslide hazard modeling may be deceptive, and validation of the modeled spatial pattern should be prioritized. The proposed method may also be used to improve the mapping of precipitation-induced landslides. Application of the proposed strategy could benefit precise assessment of landslide risks in mountain environments. © 2023, The Author(s).
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Earthquake-triggered landslides; Landslide hazard modeling; Machine learning; Model validation; Sampling strategy; Tibetan Plateau
INDEX KEYWORDS: accuracy assessment; coseismic process; earthquake trigger; inventory; landslide; mapping method; model validation; prediction; sampling; seismic hazard; Sichuan earthquake 2008; spatial analysis; China; Qinghai-Xizang Plateau
REFERENCES: Allstadt, Kate E., Improving near-real-time coseismic landslide models: Lessons learned from the 2016 Kaikōura, New Zealand, earthquake, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 108, 3B, pp. 1649-1664, (2018); 
Breiman, Leo, Random forests, Machine Learning, 45, 1, pp. 5-32, (2001); 
Tien Bui, D., Comparing the prediction performance of a Deep Learning Neural Network model with conventional machine learning models in landslide susceptibility assessment, Catena, 188, (2020); 
Study on Optimization of Random Forests Algorithm, (2014); 
Catani, Filippo, Landslide susceptibility estimation by random forests technique: Sensitivity and scaling issues, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 13, 11, pp. 2815-2831, (2013); 
Chen, Wei, Performance evaluation of the GIS-based data mining techniques of best-first decision tree, random forest, and naïve Bayes tree for landslide susceptibility modeling, Science of the Total Environment, 644, pp. 1006-1018, (2018); 
Cheng, Youg Sin, Random forests for landslide prediction in tsengwen river watershed, Central Taiwan, Remote Sensing, 13, 2, pp. 1-11, (2021); 
Cui, Peng, Destruction of vegetation due to geo-hazards and its environmental impacts in the Wenchuan earthquake areas, Ecological Engineering, 44, pp. 61-69, (2012); 
Emberson, Robert A., Chemical weathering in active mountain belts controlled by stochastic bedrock landsliding, Nature Geoscience, 9, 1, pp. 42-45, (2016); 
Fell, Robin, Guidelines for landslide susceptibility, hazard and risk zoning for land use planning, Engineering Geology, 102, 3-4, pp. 85-98, (2008)
PUBLISHER: Beijing Normal University Press
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Yang, F., Fan, X., Wei, Z.-L., Siva Subramanian, S.S., van Asch, T.W.J., Xu, Q.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Yang, Fan (57200696169); Fan, Xuanmei (12752112800); Wei, Zhenlei (56997958800); Siva Subramanian, Srikrishnan (57214766764); van Asch, Theodore W.J. (6701661708); Xu, Qiang (56506033600)
57200696169; 12752112800; 56997958800; 57214766764; 6701661708; 56506033600
Modelling the evolution of debris flows after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake
(2023) Engineering Geology, 321, art. no. 107152, Cited 8 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2023.107152
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85159105013&doi=10.1016%2Fj.enggeo.2023.107152&partnerID=40&md5=1a316ca279c10b714769b74a756b28d6

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Centre of Excellence in Disaster Mitigation and Management, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, UK, India; Faculty of Geosciences, Universiteit Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
ABSTRACT: Strong earthquakes can trigger extensive landslides, generating abundant loose deposits that are prone to be remobilized as debris flows by subsequent rainfall events. The magnitude-frequency distribution of post-earthquake debris flows often changes significantly over time. However, the key parameters controlling the post-earthquake debris flow activity and magnitude were poorly understood. In this study, we selected a representative catchment in the Wenchuan earthquake-hit region to study the activity of debris flows from 2008 to 2020, as well as the changes in parameters due to material depletion, grain size coarsening and vegetation recovery. Samples were collected from the field in different years after the earthquake and were tested in the laboratory to obtain their geotechnical properties. A numerical model was improved by considering the changing properties to fit better to dynamic conditions after the earthquake. We found that the particle size of the loose material gradually coarsened, the shear strength showed an increasing trend, while the erodibility coefficient of loose material showed a decreasing trend. The evolution of these parameters controlled the magnitude-frequency of post-earthquake debris flows and also changed their behavior from slope failures in the first few years after the earthquake to concentrated surface runoff erosion (channel erosion) in later years. The results have an important implication for risk assessment and prediction of future debris flows in earthquake-prone regions. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flow; Grain coarsening; Material depletion; Numerical simulation; Revegetation; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Catchments; Coarsening; Debris; Erosion; Numerical models; Particle size; Revegetation; Risk assessment; Runoff; Soil conservation; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Debris flows; Flow byes; Grain coarsening; Loose deposits; Loose materials; Material depletion; Rainfall event; Strong earthquakes; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes; catchment; computer simulation; debris flow; numerical model; revegetation; Sichuan earthquake 2008; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Attal, Mikaël, Changes of bedload characteristics along the Marsyandi River (central Nepal): Implications for understanding hillslope sediment supply, sediment load evolution along fluvial networks, and denudation in active orogenic belts, Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, 398, pp. 143-171, (2006); 
Attal, Mikaël, Impact of change in erosion rate and landscape steepness on hillslope and fluvial sediments grain size in the Feather River basin (Sierra Nevada, California), Earth Surface Dynamics, 3, 1, pp. 201-222, (2015); 
Berti, Matteo, Experimental evidences and numerical modelling of debris flow initiated by channel runoff, Landslides, 2, 3, pp. 171-182, (2005); 
Bochet, Esther, Runoff and soil loss under individual plants of a semi-arid Mediterranean shrubland: Influence of plant morphology and rainfall intensity, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 31, 5, pp. 536-549, (2006); 
Bradley, Kyle Edward, Earthquake-triggered 2018 Palu Valley landslides enabled by wet rice cultivation, Nature Geoscience, 12, 11, pp. 935-939, (2019); 
Burylo, Mélanie, Plant root traits affecting the resistance of soils to concentrated flow erosion, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 37, 14, pp. 1463-1470, (2012); 
Wildfire Related Debris Flow Generation Through Episodic Progressive Sediment Bulking Processes Western Usa, (2003); 
Chang, Ming, Patterns of rainfall-threshold for debris-flow occurrence in the Wenchuan seismic region, Southwest China, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 80, 3, pp. 2117-2130, (2021); 
Chen, Hongxin, EDDA 1.0: Integrated simulation of debris flow erosion, deposition and property changes, Geoscientific Model Development, 8, 3, pp. 829-844, (2015); 
Chen, Hongxin, Evolution of debris flow properties and physical interactions in debris-flow mixtures in the Wenchuan earthquake zone, Engineering Geology, 182, PB, pp. 136-147, (2014)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Li, Z., Li, S., Ge, X.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Li, Zhen (57310792800); Li, Shanshan (56239889900); Ge, Xiaoqing (57225014655)
57310792800; 56239889900; 57225014655
Transfer learning method for landslide extraction from GF-1 images after the Wenchuan earthquake 迁移学习方法提取高分一号影像汶川地震震后滑坡
(2023) National Remote Sensing Bulletin, 27 (8), pp. 1866 - 1875, Cited 4 times.
DOI: 10.11834/jrs.20211020
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85149235380&doi=10.11834%2Fjrs.20211020&partnerID=40&md5=99deb2d339a092d4f743146d8b2fafa6

AFFILIATIONS: Aerospace Information Research Institute, Beijing, China; Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Landslides are natural disasters that are driven by various factors and often leave catastrophic damages and casualties. A huge earthquake can trigger plenty of landslides. Therefore, landslide extraction is critical to provide timely information for post-disaster decision making. Remote sensing is a convenient tool for landslide information acquisition. However, landslide features are so intricate that landslide extraction mainly relies on a visual interpretation of aerial photographs or high-resolution remote sensing images, which requires vast manpower. Several landslide extraction methods are available today, including pixel-based methods, which have relatively low accuracy, and object-oriented methods, whose parameters need to be decided subjectively. With the continuous development of deep learning in image semantic segmentation, a precise and automatic remote sensing image binary classification becomes possible. Many researchers have investigated the use of deep learning for landslide extraction in different areas. However, a relatively small amount of landslide data can easily lead to model overfitting. Transfer learning, where knowledge is transferred from the source domain to the target domain, can alleviate this problem by using knowledge in the source domain to improve performance in the target task. A transfer learning deep network is then designed to improve the accuracy of landslide extraction. First, three GF-1 images taken from 2013 to 2015 in the research area were processed successively by geometric correction, registration, and image fusion to obtain 4 bands of images (red, green, blue, and near-infrared) with a resolution of 2 m. Second, a proper network was designed. The encoder of ResNet that was trained on ImageNet was chosen as the encoder, and the decoder of LinkNet, whose residual structure and bypass links can improve performance, was selected as the decoder. The bypass links in the decoder can also address the spatial information loss in max-pooling in the encoder, and the residual structure allows the network to learn complex features. After pre-training the ResNet network on ImageNet, we adjusted the number of input channels of the first convolution layer to 4, drop the last fully connected layer, and then form our network with the decoder. We eventually inputted remote sensing landslide images to finetune our model. When testing different network depths, the network does not always perform better as the depth increases. We chose ResNet50 as our encoder given its peak performance. Afterward, we compared our method with SVM. Without a pre-training encoder, our network improves U-Net and a mainstream transfer learning method, AlbuNet, thereby suggesting that deep learning methods outperform SVM, whereas transfer learning methods outperform deep learning methods that are trained on landslide images. The proposed method outperforms SVM in terms of precision, recall, and F1 measure by 17.16%, 18.58%, and 17.4%, respectively, outperforms the improved U-Net by 2.98%, 6.35%, and 4.61%, and outperforms AlbuNet by 0.9%, 1.98%, and 1.48%. The ResNet50 encoder combined with the LinkNet decoder should be selected to form a landslide extraction network with a higher accuracy compared with the transfer learning network AlbuNet and other ResNet encoders of different depths. Transferring knowledge learned from ImageNet can also improve the performance of the landslide extraction deep learning network. The proposed method can be used conveniently for follow-up landslide risk assessment, disaster investigation, disaster warning, and decision making. © 2023 National Remote Sensing Bulletin
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: GF-1; ImageNet; landslide extraction; remote sensing; transfer learning
INDEX KEYWORDS: Antennas; Decision making; Decoding; Deep learning; Disasters; Image enhancement; Image fusion; Infrared devices; Landslides; Learning systems; Remote sensing; Semantic Segmentation; Semantics; Signal encoding; Decisions makings; GF-1; Imagenet; Improve performance; Landslide extraction; LinkNet; Remote-sensing; Residual structure; Transfer learning; Transfer learning methods; Extraction
REFERENCES: An, Liqiang, Extracting secondary disaster of Wenchuan earthquake: Application of object-oriented image-classifying technology, Journal of Natural Disasters, 20, 2, pp. 160-168, (2011); 
Dai, Wenyuan, Co-clustering based classification for out-of-domain documents, Proceedings of the ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, pp. 210-219, (2007); 
Fan, Jianrong, Geometrical feature analysis and disaster assessment of the Xinmo landslide based on remote sensing data, Journal of Mountain Science, 14, 9, pp. 1677-1688, (2017); 
He, Kaiming, Deep residual learning for image recognition, Proceedings of the IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2016-December, pp. 770-778, (2016); 
Bull Surv Mapp, (2018); 
Lecun, Yann Le, Deep learning, Nature, 521, 7553, pp. 436-444, (2015); 
Li, Qiang, Recognition of earthquake-induced landslide and spatial distribution patterns triggered by the Jiuzhaigou earthquake in August 8, 2017, National Remote Sensing Bulletin, 23, 4, pp. 785-795, (2019); 
Remote Sensing Information, (2015); 
Journal of Catastrophology, (2011); 
Liu, Peng, Research on post-earthquake landslide extraction algorithm based on improved U-net model, Remote Sensing, 12, 5, (2020)
PUBLISHER: Science Press
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; BRONZE OPEN ACCESS

Wang, J., Zhang, Y., Yu, P., Shu, B., Wang, Q., Xu, Y., Lang, L., Peng, X.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wang, Jinmei (55822067200); Zhang, Yingbin Bin (57214256630); Yu, Pengcheng (56718961900); Shu, Bo (57994991700); Wang, Qingdong (59094011500); Xu, Yong (57085413000); Lang, Lin (58097967900); Peng, Xinyan (57190443254)
55822067200; 57214256630; 56718961900; 57994991700; 59094011500; 57085413000; 58097967900; 57190443254
Dynamic Process Study of Earthquake-Induced Landslides Applying an Improved Discontinuous Deformation Analysis Method Considering Site Response
(2023) Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 56 (7), pp. 5427 - 5446, Cited 11 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s00603-023-03335-x
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85153034622&doi=10.1007%2Fs00603-023-03335-x&partnerID=40&md5=a23ed093ffca67cd2edc7f2cffce07db

AFFILIATIONS: School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; China Railway Eryuan Engineering Group Co. Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan, China; School of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Earthquake-induced landslides are complex dynamic processes, a better understanding of which can be achieved by studying the entire dynamic process, including the propagation of seismic waves, cracking, instability, movement, and deposition. This paper explores the entire dynamic process in combination with the propagation of seismic waves and crack developing process of the slope under earthquake actions, while taking into account the strength attenuation, the major factor that causes the high-speed and long-runout movement. In this study, a simulation analysis tool called discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA) was used and improved by incorporating a seismic input method based on a viscous boundary and the free-field theory, virtual and real joints, and a shear strength attenuation criterion, to conduct a unified simulation analysis of the whole dynamic process of earthquake-induced landslide, and to analyze the influence of the dynamic response law on the instability and motion of landslide. Based on these improvements, the Donghekou landslide caused by the Wenchuan earthquake in 2008 was simulated. The dynamic characteristics of the slope showed an obvious amplification effect. At places with strong dynamic responses, cracks initiated rapidly. The progressive crack developing process of the landslide was represented. Owing to the low-friction effect, the speed increased sharply after the landslide began, promoting its high speed and long runout. From the crack propagation in the slope and the formation process of the sliding surface, it is evident that the Donghekou landslide was a typical tension-cracking and shearing sliding landslide. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Discontinuous deformation analysis method; Dynamic mechanism; Earthquake-induced landslide
INDEX KEYWORDS: Cracks; Ductile fracture; Dynamic response; Earthquakes; Seismic waves; Analysis method; Crack developing process; Discontinuous deformation analyse method; Discontinuous deformation analysis; Dynamic mechanism; Dynamic process; Earthquake-induced landslides; High Speed; Long run outs; Site response; Landslides; crack propagation; deformation mechanism; dynamic analysis; dynamic response; earthquake event; landslide; shear strength; Sichuan earthquake 2008; China; Donghekou; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Chen, K. T., Simulating the failure process of the Xinmo landslide using discontinuous deformation analysis, Engineering Geology, 239, pp. 269-281, (2018); 
Chen, Tienchien, Pseudostatic analysis of Tsao-Ling rockslide caused by Chi-Chi earthquake, Engineering Geology, 71, 1-2, pp. 31-47, (2004); 
On the Dynamic Mechanism of Highspeed Rocky Landslide, (1999); 
Chigira, Masahiro, Geological causes and geomorphological precursors of the Tsaoling landslide triggered by the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake, Taiwan, Engineering Geology, 68, 3-4, pp. 259-273, (2003); 
Crawford, Adrian M., The influence of shear velocity on the frictional resistance of rock discontinuities, International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences and Geomechanics, 18, 6, pp. 505-515, (1981); 
Crawford, Adrian M., The influence of rate- and displacement-dependent shear resistance on the response of rock slopes to seismic loads, International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences and Geomechanics, 19, 1, pp. 1-8, (1982); 
Progress in Geography, (2014); 
Davies, Timothy R.H., Dynamic simulation of the motion of fragmenting rock avalanches, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 39, 4, pp. 789-798, (2002); 
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, (1973); 
Dorren, L., A review of rockfall mechanics and modelling approaches, Progress in Physical Geography, 27, 1, pp. 69-87, (2003)
PUBLISHER: Springer
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zhang, W., Chen, J., Ma, J., Cao, C., Yin, H., Wang, J., Han, B.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhang, Wen (55706496300); Chen, Junqi (58064665200); Ma, Junhua (57872232500); Cao, Chen (56392034900); Yin, Han (57699515700); Wang, Jia (56298382700); Han, Bo (58064778400)
55706496300; 58064665200; 57872232500; 56392034900; 57699515700; 56298382700; 58064778400
Evolution of sediment after a decade of the Wenchuan earthquake: a case study in a protected debris flow catchment in Wenchuan County, China
(2023) Acta Geotechnica, 18 (7), pp. 3905 - 3926, Cited 6 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11440-022-01789-x
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85146238523&doi=10.1007%2Fs11440-022-01789-x&partnerID=40&md5=179a1e4b6fbdd4adb793fe38a7d674ca

AFFILIATIONS: College of Construction Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China; Liaoning Nonferrous Geological Exploration and Research Institute Co, Ltd., Shenyang, China
ABSTRACT: The Wenchuan earthquake brought abundant sediment in the seismic area. The evolution of sediment caused catastrophic debris flow when the rainfall reached the threshold during the past decade. The massive debris flow still occurred frequently in recent years. The question is whether these frequent disasters are related to the evolution of the sediment and what role the check dam plays in it. This study investigates the evolution of sediment and how it is affected by the effect of check dam in a protected catchment. We analyze the evolution of sediment during the 2019 and 2020 debris flow in Chutou gully by using several investigation methods. The interaction between the evolution of sediment and the effects of check dams are assessed on the basis of the results of sediment evolution and innovative methods. We present the effects of check dam under different conditions through the well-balanced numerical method. Results show that the evolution of sediment remains active in recent years, and we should focus on the debris flow protection in the seismic area. Check dams are essential protection for the debris flows, which impact sediment evolution remarkably. The storage capacity and the stability of check dams should be focused to prevent the subsequent debris flow. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Check dam effect; Debris flow; Sediment source; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: debris flow; sediment; seismic data; Sichuan earthquake 2008; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Borselli, L., Prolegomena to sediment and flow connectivity in the landscape: A GIS and field numerical assessment, Catena, 75, 3, pp. 268-277, (2008); 
Brayshaw, Drew, Debris flow initiation and sediment recharge in gullies, Geomorphology, 109, 3-4, pp. 122-131, (2009); 
Cavalli, Marco, Geomorphometric assessment of spatial sediment connectivity in small Alpine catchments, Geomorphology, 188, pp. 31-41, (2013); 
Chen, Huayong, Effects of Y-type spillway lateral contraction ratios on debris-flowpatterns and scour features downriver of a check dam, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 16, 11, pp. 2433-2442, (2016); 
Chang, Ming, Hazard assessment of debris flows in the Wenchuan earthquake-stricken area, South West China, Landslides, 14, 5, pp. 1783-1792, (2017); 
Chen, Ming, The long-term evolution of landslide activity near the epicentral area of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China, Geomorphology, 367, (2020); 
Chen, Ming, Quantitative assessment of physical fragility of buildings to the debris flow on 20 August 2019 in the Cutou gully, Wenchuan, southwestern China, Engineering Geology, 293, (2021); 
Chen, Xiaoqing, Engineering measures for debris flow hazard mitigation in the Wenchuan earthquake area, Engineering Geology, 194, pp. 73-85, (2015); 
Coe, Jeffrey A., Initiation conditions for debris flows generated by runoff at Chalk Cliffs, central Colorado, Geomorphology, 96, 3-4, pp. 270-297, (2008); 
Cucchiaro, Sara, Monitoring topographic changes through 4D-structure-from-motion photogrammetry: application to a debris-flow channel, Environmental Earth Sciences, 77, 18, (2018)
PUBLISHER: Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zhang, S., Peng, J.Y., Zhang, M.P., Chen, Y.B., Han, Y.Y., Su, C.X., Zhuang, D.Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhang, Shuai (55092670700); Peng, Jingyu (57222517340); Zhang, Mingpeng (57755409800); Chen, Yanbo (57203418749); Han, Yingyue (57355661900); Su, Chenxu (57754746400); Zhuang, Duanyang (57095503900)
55092670700; 57222517340; 57755409800; 57203418749; 57355661900; 57754746400; 57095503900
Evolution of debris flow activities in the epicentral area, 10 years after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake
(2023) Engineering Geology, 319, art. no. 107118, Cited 9 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2023.107118
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85152417273&doi=10.1016%2Fj.enggeo.2023.107118&partnerID=40&md5=13a5d9801a0ee64917ca72bf8baeac77

AFFILIATIONS: Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
ABSTRACT: The occurrence of debris flows after the earthquake not only damaged infrastructure but also caused large numbers of casualties. Analyzing the evolution of debris flows after the Wenchuan earthquake is significant for understanding the long-term impacts of the earthquake on the subsequent debris flow activities. This study made a continuous track of mass movements of loose deposits in all debris flow gullies from 2008 to 2018 along Provincial Road 303 (PR303) after the Wenchuan earthquake according to remote sensing images interpretation and field investigations. Four aspects, i.e. vegetation recovery, source materials, runout characteristics, and human activities were analysed to describe the evolution laws based on the 10-year inventory of debris flows. The loose deposits on the hillslope were found to be gradually transported into channels. A declining trend of mass transport rate from 2010 (24.5%) to 2018 (6.5%) was found. The occurrence frequency, magnitude, and mobility of debris flows were found to decrease. Recovery of vegetation made the loose deposits stable, whereas human activities of excavation of debris flows deposits promoted the occurrence of landslides. Three stages were divided for debris flows activities: the active period (2010–2014), the unstable period (2014–2017), and the recession period (after 2017). The decreasing trend of debris flows in the future is predicted. © 2023
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flow; Landslide; Long-term evolution; Risk; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Debris; Deposits; Earthquakes; Long Term Evolution (LTE); Remote sensing; Vegetation; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Damaged infrastructure; Debris flow activities; Debris flows; Epicentral area; Human activities; Long-term evolution; Long-term impacts; Loose deposits; Wenchuan Earthquake; Landslides; debris flow; earthquake epicenter; gully erosion; landslide; risk assessment; Sichuan earthquake 2008; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Cao, Chen, Quantitative estimation of debris flow source materials by integrating multi-source data: A case study, Engineering Geology, 291, (2021); 
Chang, Ming, Evolution process of sediment supply for debris flow occurrence in the Longchi area of Dujiangyan City after the Wenchuan earthquake, Landslides, 12, 3, pp. 611-623, (2015); 
Chen, Hongxin, Mechanisms and runout characteristics of the rainfall-triggered debris flow in Xiaojiagou in Sichuan Province, China, Natural Hazards, 62, 3, pp. 1037-1057, (2012); 
Coussot, Philippe, Recognition, classification and mechanical description of debris flows, Earth-Science Reviews, 40, 3-4, pp. 209-227, (1996); 
Cruden, David M., A simple definition of a landslide, Bulletin of the International Association of Engineering Geology - Bulletin de l'Association Internationale de Géologie de l'Ingénieur, 43, 1, pp. 27-29, (1991); 
Cui, Peng, Destruction of vegetation due to geo-hazards and its environmental impacts in the Wenchuan earthquake areas, Ecological Engineering, 44, pp. 61-69, (2012); 
Fan, Xuanmei, Spatio-temporal evolution of mass wasting after the 2008 Mw 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake revealed by a detailed multi-temporal inventory, Landslides, 15, 12, pp. 2325-2341, (2018); 
Fan, Ruilin, Evolution of debris flow activities in Gaojiagou Ravine during 2008–2016 after the Wenchuan earthquake, Engineering Geology, 235, pp. 1-10, (2018); 
Gan, Binrui, Temporal and Spatial Evolution of Vegetation Coverage in the Mianyuan River Basin Influenced by Strong Earthquake Disturbance, Scientific Reports, 9, 1, (2019); 
Godt, Jonathan W., Alpine debris flows triggered by a 28 July 1999 thunderstorm in the central Front Range, Colorado, Geomorphology, 84, 1-2, pp. 80-97, (2007)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Li, C., Wang, M., Chen, F., Coulthard, T.J., Wang, L.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Li, Congrong (56368110500); Wang, Ming (55732001400); Chen, Fang (57441279900); Coulthard, Tom J. (6602655122); Wang, Lei (57213182539)
56368110500; 55732001400; 57441279900; 6602655122; 57213182539
Integrating the SLIDE model within CAESAR-Lisflood: Modeling the ‘rainfall-landslide-flash flood’ disaster chain mechanism under landscape evolution in a mountainous area
(2023) Catena, 227, art. no. 107124, Cited 19 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.catena.2023.107124
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85151799939&doi=10.1016%2Fj.catena.2023.107124&partnerID=40&md5=e2441475a93ad5d48aaa2ad6b86ab39b

AFFILIATIONS: International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals, Beijing, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Beijing, China; School of National Safety and Emergency Management, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; School of Environmental Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, East Yorkshire, United Kingdom
ABSTRACT: The interaction mechanism between the dynamically changing environment and the subsequent natural hazards in the years following an earthquake has been studied based on a multi-temporal remote sensing dataset and continually measured data. However, how to quantitatively model this interaction mechanism has not been fully addressed. In this study, we first modeled the interaction mechanism between the ‘rainfall-landslide-flash flood’ disaster chain and the dynamically changing environment in mountainous areas by incorporating the SLope-Infiltration-Distributed Equilibrium (SLIDE) model within the landscape evolution model (CAESAR-Lisflood) and then applied the integrated CAESAR-Lisflood model in a Wenchuan earthquake-stricken area. The results demonstrated that the landslide susceptibility under extreme rainfall can be predicted effectively based on the integrated CAESAR-Lisflood model and that new/enlarged landslides occur more easily in mountain valleys, near the valley outlet, and in the main steep gullies. Most of the high landslide susceptibility areas are not located in coseismic landslide areas with high vegetation recovery. The landslide legacy effects had a significant influence on the landscape erosion and deposition processes and a great effect on the spatial distribution pattern of the material redistribution in the basin, which in turn affected the subsequent disaster occurrence. The integrated CAESAR-Lisflood model compensates for the effect of the “rainfall-landslide-flash flood” disaster chain on the process of erosion and deposition, improves the model's applicability in earthquake-stricken areas, and provides scientific information for regional disaster management and reduction. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: CAESAR-Lisflood model; Digital disaster reduction; Disaster chain; Mass movement; SLIDE model
INDEX KEYWORDS: disaster management; earthquake event; flash flood; landslide; mass movement; mountain region; rainfall; remote sensing; spatial distribution
REFERENCES: Beven, Keith J., A physically based, variable contributing area model of basin hydrology, Hydrological Sciences Bulletin, 24, 1, pp. 43-69, (1979); 
Chen, Fang, Res2-Unet, a New Deep Architecture for Building Detection from High Spatial Resolution Images, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, 15, pp. 1494-1501, (2022); 
Int J Sedim Res, (2020); 
Coulthard, Tom J., Integrating the LISFLOOD-FP 2D hydrodynamic model with the CAESAR model: Implications for modelling landscape evolution, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 38, 15, pp. 1897-1906, (2013); 
Coulthard, Tom J., Modeling long-term contamination in river systems from historical metal mining, Geology, 31, 5, pp. 451-454, (2003); 
Coulthard, Tom J., A cellular model of Holocene upland river basin and alluvial fan evolution, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 27, 3, pp. 269-288, (2002); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2008); 
Dai, Fuchu, Landslide risk assessment and management: An overview, Engineering Geology, 64, 1, pp. 65-87, (2002); 
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PUBLISHER: Elsevier B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Yang, M., Chen, H., Qi, X., Zou, Z., Wang, G., Liu, H.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Yang, Mingyu (58888941500); Chen, Hongqi (58286581200); Qi, Xiaobo (58889378900); Zou, Zongshan (54407799000); Wang, Guangbing (58889118500); Liu, Hongyan (55719299400)
58888941500; 58286581200; 58889378900; 54407799000; 58889118500; 55719299400
Prediction model for the landslide movement distance induced by earthquake based on the reliability theory 基于可靠度理论的地震滑坡运动距离预测模型
(2023) Geological Survey of China, 10 (3), pp. 102 - 109, Cited 3 times.
DOI: 10.19388/j.zgdzdc.2023.03.12
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85185181636&doi=10.19388%2Fj.zgdzdc.2023.03.12&partnerID=40&md5=001268b67674c2d3a126389c4545e13e

AFFILIATIONS: Ltd., Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Geological Disaster Emergency Technical Guidance Center of MNR, Beijing, China; Ltd., Hami, Xinjiang, China; School of Engineering and Technology, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: The landslide movement distance is an important index to evaluate the scope of landslide hazard, therefore its prediction method is always being concerned. The actual landslide movement distance often has a strong randomness, but a deterministic calculation formula is offered in current prediction models without the consideration of the randomness. Based on this situation, Firstly, the theoretical model for the landslide movement distance proposed by predecessors was analyzed, and the landslide movement distance is mainly positively correlated with the landslide volume V and elevation H. Then, the authors proposed the general functional relation for the landslide movement distance. Secondly, based on 46 landslide cases induced by "5 • 12" Wenchuan Earthquake, the correlation analysis of the main factors affecting the landslide movement distance was carried out. It is concluded that the landslide volume V, elevation H and their combination VH have significant influence on the landslide movement distance, and the multiple regression statistical model for the landslide movement distance was established. Finally, the statistical model for the landslide movement distance based on the reliability theory was put forward, according to different engineering importance. The calculation example shows that the higher the confidence is, the larger the predicted range of the landslide movement distance will be, with the higher the relocation and protection cost. Therefore, a reasonable degree of confidence should be chosen according to the actual situation. This study is helpful to further optimize the statistical model for the prediction of the landslide movement distance, and then provides reliable evidence for landslide disaster evaluation and control. © 2023 Editorial Department of China Geological Survey. All rights reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: landslide; movement distance; multiple regression analysis; prediction model; reliability
REFERENCES: Journal of Engineering Geology, (2008); 
Fan, Xiaoyi, Influence of landslide and ground factors on large-scale landslide movement, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 29, 11, pp. 2337-2347, (2010); 
Aaron, Jordan B., Two methodologies to calibrate landslide runout models, Landslides, 16, 5, pp. 907-920, (2019); 
Xu, Qiang, Comparison of data-driven models of loess landslide runout distance estimation, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 78, 2, pp. 1281-1294, (2019); 
Scheidegger, Adrian E., On the prediction of the reach and velocity of catastrophic landslides, Rock Mechanics, 5, 4, pp. 231-236, (1973); 
Landslides, (1991); 
Liu, Hongyan, The Statistical Model for the Movement Distance Forecast of the Landslide and its Improvement, Journal of Catastrophology, 37, 4, pp. 6-17, (2022); 
Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, (1999); 
Landslide Debris Flow Movement Mechanism Under Rock and Soil Mass and Ground Conditions M, (2017); 
China Earthquake Engineering Journal, (2016)
PUBLISHER: Editorial Department of China Geological Survey
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Li, A.-J., Hsiao, C., Wang, W.-C., Qian, Z.-G.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Li, Anjui (24284748800); Hsiao, Chi (58306101400); Wang, Wei Chien (57211670305); Qian, Zhiguang (55813862100)
24284748800; 58306101400; 57211670305; 55813862100
INVESTIGATIONS OF EARTHQUAKE-INDUCED ROCK LANDSLIDE BASED ON THE HOEK-BROWN FAILURE CRITERION
(2023) Journal of GeoEngineering, 18 (2), pp. 83 - 92, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.6310/jog.202306_18(2).4
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85161326940&doi=10.6310%2Fjog.202306_18%282%29.4&partnerID=40&md5=c54c9a0079fa407e01d5c74a0a542267

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Civil and Construction Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan; Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment, Geelong, VIC, Australia
ABSTRACT: Slope instability and subsequent landslides can be caused by earthquakes, rainfall, and human activities. For the past several decades, landslides have always been a critical issue in protecting infrastructure. This study investigates rock slope stability by considering the effects of rock mass disturbance based on the Hoek-Brown failure criterion. All of the analyses are conducted using RS2 version 9.0. The Daguangbao landslide caused by the Wenchuan earthquake is adopted as the case study. Various methods accessed widely for slope stability problems with respect to earthquakes are used in this study to determine the possible onset of a landslide. These include the traditional Newmark displacement method, enhanced Newmark method, and time-history dynamic analysis. Nonetheless, it was still found difficult to determine the precise time at which a landslide will occur. However, a reasonable failure mechanism can be obtained as long as the rock mass disturbance on the slope can be evaluated properly. © 2023, Journal of GeoEngineering. All Rights Reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: dynamic analysis; Finite element method; newmark method; pseudo-static
INDEX KEYWORDS: Earthquakes; Failure (mechanical); Finite element method; Rock mechanics; Rocks; Slope protection; Critical issues; Dynamics analysis; Earthquake activity; Hoek Brown failure criterion; Human activities; Newmark methods; Pseudostatic; Rock landslide; Rock-mass; Slope instability; Landslides; displacement; disturbance; dynamic analysis; earthquake event; failure mechanism; finite element method; landslide; Sichuan earthquake 2008; slope stability
REFERENCES: Bozzano, Francesca, Earthquake triggering of landslides in highly jointed rock masses: Reconstruction of the 1783 Scilla rock avalanche (Italy), Geomorphology, 129, 3-4, pp. 294-308, (2011); 
Guidelines for Evaluating and Mitigating Seismic Hazards in California, (2008); 
Montgomery, Jack, The September 19, 2017 Mw 7.1 Puebla-Mexico City earthquake: Observed rockfall and landslide activity, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 130, (2020); 
Cui, Shenghua, Effects of geological and tectonic characteristics on the earthquake-triggered Daguangbao landslide, China, Landslides, 15, 4, pp. 649-667, (2018); 
Chigira, Masahiro, Landslides induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China, Geomorphology, 118, 3-4, pp. 225-238, (2010); 
Chen, Yifan, Consistency analysis of Hoek–Brown and equivalent Mohr–coulomb parameters in calculating slope safety factor, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 78, 6, pp. 4349-4361, (2019); 
Dong, J. J., Effects of seismic anisotropy and geological characteristics on the kinematics of the neighboring Jiufengershan and Hungtsaiping landslides during Chi-Chi earthquake, Tectonophysics, 466, 3-4, pp. 438-457, (2009); 
Fan, Haobo, The bench method numerical simulation of soft rock tunnel, Applied Mechanics and Materials, 438-439, pp. 949-953, (2013); 
Fan, Xuanmei, Characteristics and classification of landslide dams associated with the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Geoenvironmental Disasters, 4, 1, (2017); 
Gariano, Stefano Luigi, Landslides in a changing climate, Earth-Science Reviews, 162, pp. 227-252, (2016)
PUBLISHER: Taiwan Geotechnical Society
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Dai, L., Fan, X., Wang, X., Fang, C., Zou, C., Tang, X., Wei, Z.-L., Xia, M., Wang, D., Xu, Q.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Dai, Lanxin (57196005924); Fan, Xuanmei (12752112800); Wang, Xin (57202370573); Fang, Chengyong (57887775600); Zou, Chengbin (57221962637); Tang, Xiaochuan (57225883222); Wei, Zhenlei (56997958800); Xia, Mingyao (57191754187); Wang, Dan (57219131557); Xu, Qiang (56506033600)
57196005924; 12752112800; 57202370573; 57887775600; 57221962637; 57225883222; 56997958800; 57191754187; 57219131557; 56506033600
Coseismic landslides triggered by the 2022 Luding Ms6.8 earthquake, China
(2023) Landslides, 20 (6), pp. 1277 - 1292, Cited 56 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s10346-023-02061-3
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85152795384&doi=10.1007%2Fs10346-023-02061-3&partnerID=40&md5=79a2f19a9c647e68a3f0d7cb8c0e78ac

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: On September 5, 2022, an Ms6.8 earthquake struck Luding County, Sichuan Province, China. Through creating a coseismic landslide prediction model, we obtained the spatial distribution of the triggered geological hazards immediately after the earthquake. Through collecting all available multi-source optical remote sensing images of the earthquake-affected area via UAV and satellite platforms, the exact information of coseismic landslide was achieved by pattern recognition and visual inspection. According to the current results, the Luding earthquake triggered 5336 landslides with a total area of 28.53km2. The spatial distribution of the coseismic landslides is correlated statistically to various seismic, terrain, and geological factors, to evaluate their susceptibility at regional scale and to identify the most typical characteristics of these failures. The results reveal that the coseismic landslides mainly occurred on the sides of the Xianshuihe fault (within 1.2 km) and Dadu River (within 0.5 km) in striped patterns. They are concentrated in the regions with an elevation range of 1000–1800 m, a slope range of 25–55°, and lithologies of acid plutonic rocks, mixed sedimentary rocks, and siliciclastic sedimentary rocks. Besides, the coseismic landslides of the Luding earthquake are smaller in size and shallower than those triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and the 2017 Jiuzhaigou earthquake. Rapidly achieving the spatial locations and distribution patterns of the coseismic landslides enables to provide effective support and guidance to emergency rescue, risk mitigation, and reconstruction planning. © 2023, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Coseismic landslides; Interpretation; Luding earthquake; Prediction; Remote sensing; Spatial distribution
INDEX KEYWORDS: Forecasting; Landslides; Optical remote sensing; Pattern recognition; Sedimentary rocks; Sedimentology; Spatial distribution; Coseismic landslide; Geological hazards; Interpretation; Landslide prediction; Luding earthquake; Multi-Sources; Prediction modelling; Remote-sensing; Sichuan province; Earthquakes; coseismic process; earthquake magnitude; earthquake trigger; landslide; prediction; remote sensing; satellite altimetry; spatial distribution; China; Dadu River; Sichuan
REFERENCES: An, Yanru, Preliminary report of the September 5, 2022 MS 6.8 Luding earthquake, Sichuan, China, Earthquake Research Advances, 3, 1, (2023); 
Spatial Slip Rate Distribution Along the Se Xianshuihe Fault Eastern Tibet and Earthquake Hazard Assessment, (2021); 
Bai, Mingkun, Southeastward increase of the late Quaternary slip-rate of the Xianshuihe fault, eastern Tibet. Geodynamic and seismic hazard implications, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 485, pp. 19-31, (2018); 
Bao, Han, Early and persistent supershear rupture of the 2018 magnitude 7.5 Palu earthquake, Nature Geoscience, 12, 3, pp. 200-205, (2019); 
Belgiu, Mariana, Random forest in remote sensing: A review of applications and future directions, ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 114, pp. 24-31, (2016); 
Benediktsson, Jón Atli, Classification of hyperspectral data from urban areas based on extended morphological profiles, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 43, 3, pp. 480-491, (2005); 
Brenning, Alexander, Spatial prediction models for landslide hazards: Review, comparison and evaluation, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 5, 6, pp. 853-862, (2005); 
Budimir, M. E.A., Earthquake-and-landslide events are associated with more fatalities than earthquakes alone, Natural Hazards, 72, 2, pp. 895-914, (2014); 
Budimir, M. E.A., A systematic review of landslide probability mapping using logistic regression, Landslides, 12, 3, pp. 419-436, (2015); 
Chen, Guihua, Late Quaternary Slip-rates and Slip Partitioning on the Southeastern Xianshuihe Fault System, Eastern Tibetan Plateau, Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition), 90, 2, pp. 537-554, (2016)
PUBLISHER: Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Dai, Z., Xu, K., Jiang, M.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Dai, Zili (54398313300); Xu, Kai (57223379774); Jiang, Mingtao (57560413900)
54398313300; 57223379774; 57560413900
Three-dimensional modeling of the impact behavior of debris flows in areas affected by earthquakes
(2023) Natural Hazards, 117 (2), pp. 1767 - 1791, Cited 4 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11069-023-05928-9
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85151480579&doi=10.1007%2Fs11069-023-05928-9&partnerID=40&md5=09c3e8c9ec756e11f8e7613ad804914f

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Civil Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
ABSTRACT: The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake triggered many landslides and caused high volumes of loose solid material to collect in gully drainage areas; over time, this material eroded and became the source material for multiple debris flows. On August 13, 2010, a heavy rainstorm struck the areas that were impacted by the Wenchuan earthquake. The resulting debris flows caused more than 2000 deaths and destroyed numerous buildings, bridges, and traffic facilities. To mitigate and/or prevent the negative consequences of such disasters in the future, it is important to have reliable and effective methods for predicting the impact behavior of these debris flows. In this study, we investigated the impact behavior of debris flows in post-earthquake areas using a three-dimensional model that is based on the particle flow code PFC3D. We verified our model by simulating a granular flow model test in a laboratory. We quantified the flow process and the impact force of the granular material; by comparing our model data to the test data, we found that the PFC3D model was capable of accurately simulating the dynamic behavior of the granular flows. We then used our model to estimate the propagation processes and the impact forces exerted on check dams by two large debris flows that occurred in the Wenchuan earthquake area. The results agreed with data collected during field surveys, and the PFC3D model can reproduce the dynamic behavior of debris flows in areas that had recently experienced significant seismic activity. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: 3D modeling; Debris flow; Earthquake areas; Granular flow model test; Impact force
INDEX KEYWORDS: debris flow; dynamic response; earthquake event; granular medium; seismic response; structural response; three-dimensional modeling; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Booth, Adam M., Integrating diverse geologic and geodetic observations to determine failure mechanisms and deformation rates across a large bedrock landslide complex: the Osmundneset landslide, Sogn og Fjordane, Norway: Integrating diverse geologic and geodetic observations, Landslides, 12, 4, pp. 745-756, (2015); 
Recent Developments on Debris Flows, (1997); 
Chen, Hongey, Relationship between earthquake disturbance, tropical rainstorms and debris movement: An overview from Taiwan, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 68, 2, pp. 161-186, (2009); 
Chen, H., Numerical simulation of debris flows, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 37, 1, pp. 146-160, (2000); 
Chen, Hongxin, Simulation of interactions between debris flow and check dams on three-dimensional terrain, Engineering Geology, 251, pp. 48-62, (2019); 
Chen, Ming, Quantitative assessment of physical fragility of buildings to the debris flow on 20 August 2019 in the Cutou gully, Wenchuan, southwestern China, Engineering Geology, 293, (2021); 
Cheng, Hualin, Physical process-based runout modeling and hazard assessment of catastrophic debris flow using SPH incorporated with ArcGIS: A case study of the Hongchun gully, Catena, 212, (2022); 
Crowley, James K., Analysis of potential debris flow source areas on Mount Shasta, California, by using airborne and satellite remote sensing data, Remote Sensing of Environment, 87, 2-3, pp. 345-358, (2003); 
Proceedings of the Symposium of the International Society of Rock Mechanics, (1971); 
Cuomo, Sabatino, Modelling of flowslides and debris avalanches in natural and engineered slopes: a review, Geoenvironmental Disasters, 7, 1, (2020)
PUBLISHER: Springer Science and Business Media B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Qu, H., Dong, W., Wang, D., Zhang, Z., Zhang, W.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Qu, Honglue (41662094100); Dong, Wangwang (58136714600); Wang, Dong (56918729300); Zhang, Zhe (58607703200); Zhang, Wanmao (58136490200)
41662094100; 58136714600; 56918729300; 58607703200; 58136490200
Slope Response Characteristics Under the Coupled Action of Rainfall and Earthquake: A Case Study with Numerical Modelling
(2023) Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, 41 (4), pp. 2501 - 2515, Cited 6 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s10706-023-02411-x
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85149751428&doi=10.1007%2Fs10706-023-02411-x&partnerID=40&md5=ca5200343d7acf03378c8bc0fc20fb94

AFFILIATIONS: School of Geoscience and Technology, Southwest Petroleum University China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; China Railway Eryuan Engineering Group Co. Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Earthquake and rainfall are the most important causes of slope disasters, making the coupling effect more destructive. To investigate the influence of rainfall and earthquake coupling on the landslide failure mode, the Tangjiashan landslide which occurred in Beichuan during the Wenchuan earthquake was adopted as a case study to perform, numerical simulation analyses. The evolution of the landslide under three demand conditions, namely earthquake, rainfall, and coupled earthquake-rainfall was studied. Through orthogonal tests under different working conditions, the stability changes of slope under 18 working conditions of post-earthquake rainfall coupling and pre-earthquake rainfall coupling are analyzed. The results show that, under the earthquake demand, the maximum displacement is at the top of the slope, and it rises upward, which may cause cracks in the vertical direction. In case of rainfall, the speed and depth of rainwater infiltration will increase. When the two conditions are coupled, their impact on the stability of the slope is far greater than that of a single condition, and the probability of rainfall instability before the earthquake is greater than that after the earthquake. When the shear strains in the slope decrease as the elevation increases, the slope toe becomes prone to instability. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Earthquake-rainfall coupling; Earthquakes; Rainfall; Response characteristics; Slope stability
INDEX KEYWORDS: Earthquakes; Landslides; Numerical models; Case-studies; Condition; Coupling effect; Demand conditions; Earthquake-rainfall coupling; Numerical simulation analysis; Response characteristic; Slope disaster; Tangjiashan landslides; Wenchuan Earthquake; Rain; landslide; numerical model; rainfall; Sichuan earthquake 2008; slope stability; structural response; Beichuan; China; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Cao, Yanbo, Discrete element simulation of deformation and movement mechanism for Tangjiashan landslide, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 30, SUPPL. 1, pp. 2878-2887, (2011); 
FLAC Flac3d Foundation and Engineering Examples, (2009); 
Chen, Jinchang, Experimental study on the dynamic characteristics of low-angle loess slope under the influence of long- and short-term effects of rainfall before earthquake, Engineering Geology, 273, (2020); 
Deliveris, Alexandros V., Numerical Slope Stability Analysis of Deep Excavations Under Rainfall Infiltration, Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, 40, 8, pp. 4023-4039, (2022); 
Fu, Xiaodong, Analysis of landslide stability under seismic action and subsequent rainfall: a case study on the Ganjiazhai giant landslide along the Zhaotong-Qiaojia road during the 2014 Ludian earthquake, Yunnan, China, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 79, 10, pp. 5229-5248, (2020); 
Geo Denver, (2007); 
Hamza, Omar, Geohazard Assessment of Landslides in South Brazil: Case Study, Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, 38, 1, pp. 971-984, (2020); 
Li, Shaoling, Stability Analysis of a High-Steep Dump Slope under Different Rainfall Conditions, Sustainability (Switzerland), 14, 18, (2022); 
Maleki, Mahdi, Assessment of the Pseudo-static seismic behavior in the soil nail walls using numerical analysis, Innovative Infrastructure Solutions, 7, 4, (2022); 
Maleki, Mahdi, Seismic amplification factor and dynamic response of soil-nailed walls, Modeling Earth Systems and Environment, 9, 1, pp. 1181-1198, (2023)
PUBLISHER: Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Li, M., Xiong, J., Chen, M., Tang, C.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Li, Mingwei (57222871091); Xiong, Jiang (57217517892); Chen, Ming (57199453005); Tang, Chuan (35932953300)
57222871091; 57217517892; 57199453005; 35932953300
Vegetation restoration and dynamic evolution analysis of landslide activity in the Wenchuan Earthquake area 汶川震区植被恢复与同震滑坡活动性动态演化分析
(2023) Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, 50 (3), pp. 182 - 192, Cited 3 times.
DOI: 10.16030/j.cnki.issn.1000-3665.202209049
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85163527676&doi=10.16030%2Fj.cnki.issn.1000-3665.202209049&partnerID=40&md5=575847066f7152babf13ec03a41e1658

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration Langfang, Langfang, Hebei, China; National Research Center of Geo-Exploration Technology, Langfang, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: A great mountain seismic often triggers a large number of co-seismic landslides, causing direct damage to local vegetation cover and growth. As an important indicator of landslide activity intensity, the vegetation recovery is of great significance for the activity of post-earthquake geo-hazards. However, due to the limitation of observational data, the current research on vegetation restoration process in earthquake areas is mostly on a small scale. In addition, there is insufficient understanding of the vegetation evolution mechanism in a large area and the relationship between vegetation and the activity of geological disasters. Therefore, this paper uses multi-temporal and long-time series (2000−2020) high-precision remote sensing images to study the vegetation restoration process in the Wenchuan earthquake area. By calculating vegetation recovery rates in different periods, we explore the universal law of vegetation restoration in a large range, and analyze the relationship between vegetation restoration and the change of landslide activity intensity. The results show that by 2020, 71.34% of the landslide area in the earthquake area has been better restored. The proportions of highly active, moderately active, low active and basically stable landslides are 17.6%, 12.4%, 17.7% and 52.3%, respectively. The surface recovery trend of coseismic landslide indicates that the vegetation in the Wenchuan earthquake area is expected to recover to the preearthquake average level about 17 years after the earthquake. However, the process of vegetation recovery and changes in landslide activity are often subject to the combined effects of multiple factors. Although the vegetation recovery of landslide surface reflects the decline of landslide activity after the earthquake to some extent, the effects of the earthquake on landslide activity will last longer than the recovery of surface vegetation to the preearthquake level. Referring to the results of previous studies, this paper suggests that the post-earthquake landslide activity will last 25 years or more.The conclusion can provide reference for the assessment and prevention of post earthquake geological disasters in Wenchuan earthquake area. © 2023 HYDROGEOLOGY & ENGINEERING GEOLOGY. All rights reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: co-seismic landslide; landslide activity; vegetation restoration; Wenchuan earthquake
REFERENCES: Wang, Tao, Seismic landslide hazard assessment of China and its impact on national territory spatial planning, Geology in China, 48, 1, pp. 21-39, (2021); 
Tie, Yongbo, Characteristics of geological hazards and it’s mitigations of the Ms6.8 earthquake in Luding County, Sichuan Province, Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, 49, 6, pp. 1-12, (2022); 
Bai, Yongjian, ADVANCES IN RESEARCH ON THE GEOHAZARD EFFECT OF ACTIVE FAULTS ON THE SOUTHEASTERN MARGIN OF THE TIBETAN PLATEAU, Journal of Geomechanics, 25, 6, pp. 1116-1128, (2019); 
Zhang, Jiajia, Features of secondary mountain hazards triggered by the 2013 Lushan Earthquake, Sichuan Province, Geological Bulletin of China, 34, 5, pp. 898-907, (2015); 
Xu, Chong, Three (nearly) complete inventories of landslides triggered by the May 12, 2008 Wenchuan Mw 7.9 earthquake of China and their spatial distribution statistical analysis, Landslides, 11, 3, pp. 441-461, (2014); 
Tang, Chuan, Field investigation and research on giant debris flow on August 14, 2010 in Yingxiu town, epicenter of Wenchuan earthquake, Diqiu Kexue - Zhongguo Dizhi Daxue Xuebao/Earth Science - Journal of China University of Geosciences, 36, 1, pp. 172-180, (2011); 
Li, Mingwei, Spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of landslides in debris flow catchment in Beichuan County in the Wenchuan earthquake zone, Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, 47, 3, pp. 182-190, (2020); 
Hydrogeology Engineering Geology, (2018); 
Wang, Dongwei, The river blockage characteristics of “8·20” large-scale debris flow and the hazard prediction in Banzi gully in Miansi Town，Wenchuan County, Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control, 33, 1, pp. 58-66, (2022); 
Shen, Ping, Declining geohazard activity with vegetation recovery during first ten years after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Geomorphology, 352, (2020)
PUBLISHER: Editorial Office of Hydrogeology and Engineering
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Hu, Y., Liu, J., Jiang, Y., Bao, Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Hu, Yunhua (56079809600); Liu, Jingjing (58476846400); Jiang, Yi (58476158500); Bao, Yuhai (57214924430)
56079809600; 58476846400; 58476158500; 57214924430
Remote sensing analysis of temporal and spatial evolution trend of loose material sources in meizoseismal area, Baisha River Basin, Dujiangyan, China
(2023) Science of Soil and Water Conservation, 21 (2), pp. 57 - 63, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.16843/j.sswc.2023.02.008
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85164121377&doi=10.16843%2Fj.sswc.2023.02.008&partnerID=40&md5=5c2328de791527da08ce393a4c1acd8d

AFFILIATIONS: Sichuan Third Surveying and Mapping Engineering Institute, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Chengdu Water Affairs Technical Center, Chengdu, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: [Background] Baisha River Basin is the main drinking water source in the main urban area of Chengdu. The “5’12” Wenchuan earthquake led to the accumulation of a large number of collapse and landslide debris on the steep slopes, resulting in serious soil and water loss during rainstorm, which has a serious impact on the water supply of the water source. The investigation and change trend analysis of loose material sources in the basin have important guiding significance for the comprehensive control of soil and water loss in the basin. [Methods] Four periods of high-resolution remote sensing images one year before the earthquake and 10 years after the earthquake were selected. The loose material source was extracted by using object-oriented remote sensing automatic interpretation combined with human-computer interaction. The spatial distribution and dynamic change characteristics of material source were analyzed by GIS spatial analysis method. [Results] Before the “5 ’12” Wenchuan earthquake in 2008, the loose material sources area of the basin was only 20. 05 km2, accounting for 5. 57% of the total area of the basin. The “5 • 12 ” Wenchuan earthquake caused a large number of new loose material sources in the basin, with a total area of 106. 31 km2, accounting for 29. 52% of the total area of the basin. At 10 years after the earthquake, the total material source area decreased by 66. 95 km2. There are still a few new sources in the basin after the earthquake, and the new sources in the 5 years after the earthquake are mainly distributed in the lower reaches of the basin due to human activities such as post disaster recovery and reconstruction, river dredging and mining. At 5 - 10 years after the earthquake, the newly added sources decreased, which was mainly caused by the expansion of the source range of some slopes in the upper reaches of the basin or the newly added collapse and landslide sources. The earthquake caused the average source center of the basin to move about 6. 7 km downstream as a whole, and the average source center gradually moved back at 10 years after the earthquake. [Conclusions] Although the ecological restoration of the basin is obvious, there is still a certain gap from that before the earthquake. The material sources in the three directions of southwest by west, northwest by west and northwest by north of the upstream are still in an unstable state, which is the area to be treated in the next step. © 2023, Editorial Board of Science of Soil and Water Conservation. All rights reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: GIS spatial analysis; loose material sources; meizoseismal area; object oriented classification; trend analysis; water source
REFERENCES: Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control, (2018); 
Yangtze River, (2016); 
Wang, Xiekang, Study on Division Early Warning of Flash Flood Disaster Caused by Rainstorm in Mountainous Small Watersheds, Gongcheng Kexue Yu Jishu/Advanced Engineering Sciences, 53, 1, pp. 29-38, (2021); 
Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control, (2012); 
Huang, Runqiu, Research on development and distribution rules of geohazards induced by Wenchuan earthquake on 12th May, 2008, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 27, 12, pp. 2585-2592, (2008); 
Science of Soil and Water Conservation, (2015); 
Mountain Research, (2019); 
Xia, Bing, Spatial distribution characteristics and analysis of soil erosion under earthquake effect: A case study of Jiuzhaigou earthquake, Science of Soil and Water Conservation, 18, 1, pp. 79-89, (2020); 
Remote Sensing for Land Resources, (2007); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2010)
PUBLISHER: Editorial Board of Science of Soil and Water Conservation
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wang, D., Wang, M., Liu, K., Xie, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wang, Di (58242274800); Wang, Ming (55732001400); Liu, Kai (56896481800); Xie, Jun (57193388488)
58242274800; 55732001400; 56896481800; 57193388488
An assessment of short-medium-Term interventions using CAESAR-Lisflood in a post-earthquake mountainous area
(2023) Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 23 (4), pp. 1409 - 1423, Cited 3 times.
DOI: 10.5194/nhess-23-1409-2023
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85158857957&doi=10.5194%2Fnhess-23-1409-2023&partnerID=40&md5=41d952078fb070cb434d2c2ffe2dd0e0

AFFILIATIONS: School of National Safety and Emergency Management, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; Academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake triggered rapid local geomorphic changes, shifting abundant material through exogenic processes and generating vast amounts of loose material. The substantial material movement increased the geohazard (flash floods, landslides and debris flows) risks induced by extreme precipitation in the area. Intervention measures such as check dams, levees and vegetated slopes have been constructed in specific locations to reduce sediment transport and thereby mitigate the impact of ensuing geohazards. This study assessed the short-medium-Term effects of interventions, including multiple control measures, in a post-earthquake mountainous region. Taking the Xingping valley as an example, we used CAESAR-Lisflood, a two-dimensional landscape evolution model, to simulate three scenarios, unprotected landscape, present protected landscape and enhanced protected landscape, between 2011 and 2013. We defined two indices to assess the intervention effects of the three scenarios by comparing the geomorphic changes and sediment yields. The results show that the mitigation measures are effective, especially the geotechnical engineering efforts in combination with ecological engineering in the upstream area. The spatial patterns of erosion and deposition change considerably due to the intervention measures. Additionally, the effectiveness of each intervention scenario shows a gradual decline over time, mainly due to the reduction in the reservoir storage capacity. The enhanced scenario performs better than the present one, with a more gradual downward trend of effectiveness. The simulation results evaluated the ability and effectiveness of comprehensive control measures and will support optimal mitigation strategies. © 2023 Copernicus GmbH. All rights reserved.
INDEX KEYWORDS: geomorphology; mountain region; risk assessment; Sichuan earthquake 2008; two-dimensional modeling; China
REFERENCES: Bates, Paul D., A simple inertial formulation of the shallow water equations for efficient two-dimensional flood inundation modelling, Journal of Hydrology, 387, 1-2, pp. 33-45, (2010); 
Beven, Keith J., Linking parameters across scales: Subgrid parameterizations and scale dependent hydrological models, Hydrological Processes, 9, 5-6, pp. 507-525, (1995); 
Beven, Keith J., TOPMODEL: a critique, Hydrological Processes, 11, 9, pp. 1069-1085, (1997); 
Beven, Keith J., A physically based, variable contributing area model of basin hydrology, Hydrological Sciences Bulletin, 24, 1, pp. 43-69, (1979); 
Caesar Lisflood Team Caesar Lisflood Code; 
Chen, Ningsheng, Analysis of benefits of debris flow control projects in southwest mountain areas of China, Journal of Chengdu University of Technology (Science and Technology Edition), 40, 1, pp. 50-58, (2013); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2009); 
Chen, Xiaoqing, Engineering measures for debris flow hazard mitigation in the Wenchuan earthquake area, Engineering Geology, 194, pp. 73-85, (2015); 
Chen, Yulan, Modeling the impacts of fully-filled check dams on flood processes using CAESAR-lisflood model in the Shejiagou catchment of the Loess Plateau, China, Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies, 45, (2023); 
Daily Station Observation Data Set of Meteorological Elements in China Resource and Environment Science and Data Center Data Set
PUBLISHER: Copernicus Publications
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Zhang, L., Xu, L., Li, Y., Su, N., Yan, Z., Ding, K.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhang, Liangliang (57218857756); Xu, Linrong (7404745385); Li, Yongwei (57217494421); Su, Na (57188721210); Yan, Zixuan (57896407400); Ding, Kui (57288948800)
57218857756; 7404745385; 57217494421; 57188721210; 57896407400; 57288948800
Prediction of the gully debris flow peak discharge prediction in strong earthquake area 强 震 区 沟 谷 型 泥 石 流 峰 值 流 量 预 测 研 究 及 应 用
(2023) Tumu yu Huanjing Gongcheng Xuebao/Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 45 (2), pp. 81 - 88, Cited 2 times.
DOI: 10.11835/j.issn.2096-6717.2022.009
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85164122587&doi=10.11835%2Fj.issn.2096-6717.2022.009&partnerID=40&md5=61ed27ae57d5d41ac0ac710792c0fcde

AFFILIATIONS: School of Civil Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
ABSTRACT: The evolution pattern and development trend of secondary debris flow in the strong earthquake area were significantly affected by the“post-effect”of the earthquake. The peak discharge had increased several times compared with that before earthquake, and the scale of the debris flow had increased obviously. According to the norms, the new challenge to the targeted design of prevention and control of the gully debris flow in seismic area is being put forward. Therefore, based on the case of debris flow in Wenchuan earthquake, the factorial regression analysis was used to investigate the intrinsic relationship between the basic characteristic parameters and the peak discharge in this paper, and a multivariate prediction model was established. The problem of information superposition caused by the collinearity of the original variables was solved, with goodness of fitting R2 = 0.94, and the prediction accuracy was improved significantly; at last, the proposed model was used to predict the peak discharge thresholds of 32 debris flows in the study area, and the distribution law of dynamic characteristics and the scale evolution characteristics of debris flow were analyzed in strong earthquake area. Based on results above, the characteristic parameters of“super-large-scale high-level long-distance debris flow”was defined. © 2023 China National Publications Import and Export (Group) Corporation. All rights reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: debris flow; factorial and regression analysis; peak discharge; prediction; strong earthquake area
REFERENCES: Wei, Xueli, Long-term activity of earthquake-induced landslides: A case study from Qionghai Lake Basin, Southwest of China, Journal of Mountain Science, 11, 3, pp. 607-624, (2014); 
Huang, Runqiu, Post-earthquake landsliding and long-term impacts in the Wenchuan earthquake area, China, Engineering Geology, 182, PB, pp. 111-120, (2014); 
Zhou, Rongjun, Surface rupture and hazard characteristics of wenchuan earthquake with magnitude 8.0 in Sichuan Province, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 27, 11, pp. 2173-2183, (2008); 
Mountain Research, (2014); 
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences, (2008); 
undefined, (2015); 
Sabo Against Earthquakes, (2000); 
Chen, Hongey, Relationship between earthquake disturbance, tropical rainstorms and debris movement: An overview from Taiwan, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 68, 2, pp. 161-186, (2009); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2011); 
Journal of Catastrophology, (2020)
PUBLISHER: Chongqing University
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Mao, J., He, J., Liu, G., Fu, R.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Mao, Jiaqi (57885932500); He, Jing (57196548835); Liu, Gang (56926969400); Fu, Rao (57880424900)
57885932500; 57196548835; 56926969400; 57880424900
Landslide recognition based on improved DeepLabV3+ algorithm 基于改进的ＤｅｅｐＬａｂＶ３＋算法滑坡识别
(2023) Journal of Natural Disasters, 32 (2), pp. 227 - 234, Cited 8 times.
DOI: 10.13577/j.jnd.2023.0224
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85160035043&doi=10.13577%2Fj.jnd.2023.0224&partnerID=40&md5=04e6f3f5d47373e1654c6a12e6461e80

AFFILIATIONS: Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: Due to the influence of topography, landform, vegetation, and other factors, the morphology and spectral characteristics of landslides are different. Therefore, it is difficult to extract the landslide information accurately by classification and identification methods based on spectra and shapes. Deep learning technology can extract the features of objects by continuous training of samples, which avoids the subjectivity of artificially constructed features, and can form more abstract and stable features of the target object, which improves the recognition accuracy greatly. DeepLabV3+ is a semantic segmentation model based on deep learning method, which integrates image segmentation and target recognition, and can effectively segment the target object from the original image while recognizing the target. In this paper, we combine the landslide characters with DeepLabV3+ to identify landslides, and the network architecture in the original model is optimized by Xception, MobileNetV2, and ResNet. Through the Bijie landslide data set and the satellite landslide images of the Wenchuan Earthquake, it is verified that the optimized model can more accurately identify and segment the landslides appearing in the images. The maximum overall segmentation accuracy, the maximum recognition accuracy, and the maximum F1-Score have reached 95.3%, 97%, and 97.1% respectively. © 2023 Science Press. All rights reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: deep learning; DeepLabV3 +; landslide identification; MobileNetV2; semantic segmentation
INDEX KEYWORDS: algorithm; landslide; machine learning; model; pattern recognition; segmentation
REFERENCES: Journal of Natural Disasters, (2021); 
Journal of Natural Disasters, (2021); 
Journal of Geomatics, (2022); 
Geomat Inf Sci Wuhan Univ, (2021); 
Journal of Heilongjiang University of Science Technology, (2020); 
Yang, Wentao, Object-oriented rapid identification of landslides based on terrain factors segmentation and classification, Journal of Natural Disasters, 24, 4, pp. 1-6, (2015); 
Remote Sensing for Land Resources, (2020); 
He, Kaiming, Deep residual learning for image recognition, Proceedings of the IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2016-December, pp. 770-778, (2016); 
Singh, Gurprem, ResDNN: Deep residual learning for natural image denoising, IET Image Processing, 14, 11, pp. 2425-2434, (2020); 
Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication on Engineering, (2021)
PUBLISHER: Institute of Engineering Mechanics (IEM)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Yang, J., Xu, C., Jin, X.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Yang, Jintao (57202536920); Xu, Chong (35184309900); Jin, Xu (58284822000)
57202536920; 35184309900; 58284822000
Joint Effects and Spatiotemporal Characteristics of the Driving Factors of Landslides in Earthquake Areas
(2023) Journal of Earth Science, 34 (2), pp. 330 - 338, Cited 17 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s12583-021-1465-4
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85159954523&doi=10.1007%2Fs12583-021-1465-4&partnerID=40&md5=bf71bfb393c9942bc779048e45ac60d7

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Ministry of Emergency Management of China, Beijing, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Compound and Chained Natural Hazards Dynamics, Ministry of Emergency Management of China, Beijing, Beijing, China; Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Understanding the joint effects of earthquakes and driving factors on the spatial distribution of landslides is helpful for targeted disaster prevention and mitigation in earthquake-prone areas. By far, little work has been done on this issue. This study analyzed the co-seismic landslide of the M <inf>s</inf> 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake in 2008 and 2014. The joint effects and spatiotemporal characteristics of the driving factors in seismic regions were revealed. Results show that (a) between 2008 and 2014, the dominant driving-factor for landslides has changed from earthquake to rock mass; (b) driving factors with weak driving force have a significant enhancement under the joint effects of other factors; (c) the joint effects of driving factors and earthquake decays with time. The study concluded that the strong vibration of the Wenchuan earthquake and the rock mass strength are the biggest contributors to the spatial distribution of landslides in 2008 and 2014, respectively. It means that the driving force of the earthquake is weaker than that of the rock mass after six years of the Wenchuan earthquake. Moreover, the landslide spatial distribution can be attributed to the joint effects of the Wenchuan earthquake and driving factors, and the earthquake has an enhanced effect on other factors. © 2023, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan) and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, Part of Springer Nature.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: co-seismic landslide; driving force; engineering geology; geodetector; interaction effects; spatial pattern; triggering factors
INDEX KEYWORDS: coseismic process; earthquake event; earthquake trigger; engineering geology; landslide; Sichuan earthquake 2008; spatial distribution; temporal distribution; China
REFERENCES: Achour, Yacine, Landslide susceptibility mapping using analytic hierarchy process and information value methods along a highway road section in Constantine, Algeria, Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 10, 8, (2017); 
Anis, Zorgati, Effects of clay properties in the landslides genesis in flysch massif: Case study of Aïn Draham, North Western Tunisia, Journal of African Earth Sciences, 151, pp. 146-152, (2019); 
Chinese Seismic Intensity Scale, (2020); 
Cao, Peng, Geological Structure Characteristics and Genetic Mechanism of Baige Landslide Slope in Changdu, Tibet, Diqiu Kexue - Zhongguo Dizhi Daxue Xuebao/Earth Science - Journal of China University of Geosciences, 46, 9, pp. 3397-3409, (2021); 
Che, Vivian Bih, Systematic documentation of landslide events in Limbe area (Mt Cameroon Volcano, SW Cameroon): Geometry, controlling, and triggering factors, Natural Hazards, 59, 1, pp. 47-74, (2011); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2013); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2008); 
Dai, Fuchu, Landslide risk assessment and management: An overview, Engineering Geology, 64, 1, pp. 65-87, (2002); 
Fan, Xuanmei, Earthquake-Induced Chains of Geologic Hazards: Patterns, Mechanisms, and Impacts, Reviews of Geophysics, 57, 2, pp. 421-503, (2019); 
Fan, Xiaoyi, Developmental characteristics and influence factors of landslides in wenchuan earthquake, Journal of Natural Disasters, 21, 1, pp. 128-134, (2012)
PUBLISHER: China University of Geosciences
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Bai, Y., Xu, C.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Bai, Yuzhu (55461074500); Xu, Chong (35184309900)
55461074500; 35184309900
Qualitative Analyses of Correlations between Strong Ground Motions of the Three Large Earthquakes and Landslide Distributions
(2023) Journal of Earth Science, 34 (2), pp. 369 - 380, Cited 15 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s12583-021-1496-x
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85159954011&doi=10.1007%2Fs12583-021-1496-x&partnerID=40&md5=956429cb6860f3780c1312d48205aec1

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing, China; Ministry of Emergency Management of China, Beijing, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Compound and Chained Natural Hazards Dynamics, Ministry of Emergency Management of China, Beijing, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: In this work, the correlations between spatial distributions of landslide point density (LPD) and strong ground motions of the three strong earthquakes are qualitatively investigated. Meanwhile the qualitative relationship between the distribution of LPD and the fault rupture process is also characterized. Three strong events are the Lushan, Wenchuan, and Jiuzhaigou earthquakes. In order to reconstruct the near filed strong ground motions and the fault processes of these earthquakes, the broadband ground simulation method of University of California Santa Barbara (UCSB) and the simplified crustal layer structures are applied. To show the rationality of the UCSB method, the fault slip distributions of the three earthquakes reconstructed by the kinematic rupture generator model in the UCSB method are compared with those by inversed. Furthermore, the validation of the UCSB method for the three earthquakes is also carried according to the validation exercise of the Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC) Broadband Platform (BBP). Lastly, the fields of peak ground acceleration (PGA) and peak ground velocity (PGV) in three mutually perpendicular directions of the three earthquakes are achieved. Generally, the landslide distribution length of large LPD values along the fault strike is less than the fault strike length. Therefore, the slip modes of earthquake faults affect the distributions of landslides. For the strike slip earthquakes, the distributions of large LPD values relate well to PGA and PGV components of the parallel and normal to the fault strike. For the reverse slip earthquakes, distributions of LPD relate to ground motion components in all directions. Moreover, distributions of landslides in near fields of earthquakes are significantly affected by the focus parameters and fault scales. © 2023, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan) and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, Part of Springer Nature.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: engineering geology; ground motions; Jiuzhaigou earthquake; landslide; Lushan earthquake; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: correlation; engineering geology; ground motion; landslide; Lushan earthquake 2013; peak acceleration; qualitative analysis; Sichuan earthquake 2008; strike-slip fault; China; Lushan [Sichuan]; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Abrahamson, Norman A.Bolt, Summary of the ASK14 ground motion relation for active crustal regions, Earthquake Spectra, 30, 3, pp. 1025-1055, (2014); 
Quantitative Seismology Theory and Methods, (1980); 
Allstadt, Kate E., Improving near-real-time coseismic landslide models: Lessons learned from the 2016 Kaikōura, New Zealand, earthquake, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 108, 3B, pp. 1649-1664, (2018); 
An, Yanru, Seismologic characteristics of the 2017, Ms7.0 Jiuzhaigou earthquake, Sichuan, China, Chinese Science Bulletin, 63, 7, pp. 663-673, (2018); 
Bai, Yuzhu, Comparison of strong ground motion recordings of the Lushan, China, earthquake of 20 april 2013 with the next generation attenuation (NGA)-west2 ground-motion models, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 107, 4, pp. 1724-1736, (2017); 
Boore, David M., Orientation-independent, nongeometric-mean measures of seismic intensity from two horizontal components of motion, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 100, 4, pp. 1830-1835, (2010); 
Boore, David M., NGA-West2 equations for predicting PGA, PGV, and 5% damped PSA for shallow crustal earthquakes, Earthquake Spectra, 30, 3, pp. 1057-1085, (2014); 
Crempien, Jorge G.F., UCSB method for simulation of broadband ground motion from kinematic earthquake sources, Seismological Research Letters, 86, 1, pp. 61-67, (2015); 
Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011); 
Goulet, Christine A., The SCEC broadband platform validation exercise: Methodology for code validation in the context of seismic-hazard analyses, Seismological Research Letters, 86, 1, pp. 17-26, (2015)
PUBLISHER: China University of Geosciences
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Long, Y., Li, W., Huang, R., Xu, Q., Yu, B., Liu, G.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Long, Yujie (57218843448); Li, Weile (25936551300); Huang, Runqiu (55835407700); Xu, Qiang (56506033600); Yu, Bin (37058094800); Liu, Gang (56926969400)
57218843448; 25936551300; 55835407700; 56506033600; 37058094800; 56926969400
A Comparative Study of Supervised Classification Methods for Investigating Landslide Evolution in the Mianyuan River Basin, China
(2023) Journal of Earth Science, 34 (2), pp. 316 - 329, Cited 26 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s12583-021-1525-9
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85159953229&doi=10.1007%2Fs12583-021-1525-9&partnerID=40&md5=a85082cebc97f9b80165f08f806e3025

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan, China; College of Earth Sciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: The M <inf>s</inf> 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake of 2008 dramatically changed the terrain surface and caused long-term increases in the scale and frequency of landslides and debris flows. The changing trend of landslides in the earthquake-affected area over the decade since the earthquake remains largely unknown. In this study, we were able to address this issue using supervised classification methods and multitemporal remote sensing images to study landslide evolution in the worst-affected area (Mianyuan River Basin) over a period of ten years. Satellite images were processed using the maximum likelihood method and random forest algorithm to automatically map landslide occurrence from 2007 to 2018. The principal findings are as follows: (1) when compared with visual image analysis, the random forest algorithm had a good average accuracy rate of 87% for landslide identification; (2) postevent landslide occurrence has generally decreased with time, but heavy monsoonal seasons have caused temporary spikes in activity; and (3) the postearthquake landslide activity in the Mianyuan River Basin can be divided into a strong activity period (2008 to 2011), medium activity period (2012 to 2016), and weak activity period (post 2017). Landslide activity remains above the prequake level, with damaging events being rare but continuing to occur. Long-term remote sensing and on-site monitoring are required to understand the evolution of landslide activity after strong earthquakes. © 2023, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan) and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, Part of Springer Nature.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: automatic detection; engineering geology; evolutionary trend; maximum likelihood method; Mianyuan River Basin; random forest algorithm; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: automation; comparative study; engineering geology; landslide; maximum likelihood analysis; monsoon; remote sensing; river basin; Sichuan earthquake 2008; supervised classification; China
REFERENCES: Blaschke, Thomas, Object based image analysis for remote sensing, ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 65, 1, pp. 2-16, (2010); 
Breiman, Leo, Random forests, Machine Learning, 45, 1, pp. 5-32, (2001); 
Chen, Hongey, Relationship between earthquake disturbance, tropical rainstorms and debris movement: An overview from Taiwan, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 68, 2, pp. 161-186, (2009); 
Chen, Weitao, Forested landslide detection using LiDAR data and the random forest algorithm: A case study of the Three Gorges, China, Remote Sensing of Environment, 152, pp. 291-301, (2014); 
Chen, Xiaoqing, Mountain hazard induced by Wenchuan Earthquake and its long-term development trends of Ganxi Gully, Beichuan, Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 42, SUPPL. 1, pp. 22-32, (2010); 
Chen, Zhong, Automated landslides detection for mountain cities using multi-temporal remote sensing imagery, Sensors, 18, 3, (2018); 
Intensity Distribution Map of Wenchuan M S 8 0 Earthquake 2008 9 1, (2008); 
Cui, Peng, Characteristics and countermeasures of debris flow in Wenchuan area after the earthquake, Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 42, 5, pp. 10-19, (2010); 
Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011); 
Dou, Jie, Automatic case-based reasoning approach for landslide detection: Integration of object-oriented image analysis and a genetic algorithm, Remote Sensing, 7, 4, pp. 4318-4342, (2015)
PUBLISHER: China University of Geosciences
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Cui, S., Liang, Y., Pei, X., Luo, L., Yang, Q., Zhu, L.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Cui, Shenghua (56660242900); Liang, Yufei (57208153398); Pei, Xiangjun (14058672500); Luo, Luguang (57211367952); Yang, Qingwen (57192083411); Zhu, Ling (57210012612)
56660242900; 57208153398; 14058672500; 57211367952; 57192083411; 57210012612
Structural characteristics of landslide failure boundaries using three-dimensional point clouds: a case study of the Zhaobiyan landslide, China
(2023) Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 82 (4), art. no. 127, Cited 7 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s10064-023-03140-4
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85150908735&doi=10.1007%2Fs10064-023-03140-4&partnerID=40&md5=407264da78d731188f9f12026c977af4

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Uji, Kyoto, Japan; Priority Research Centre for Geotechnical Science and Engineering, The University of Newcastle, Australia, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
ABSTRACT: Rock landslide failure boundaries contain large amounts of rock mass structure information, providing many details that help researchers understand the causes of landslide failure. Taking the Zhaobiyan (ZBY) landslide triggered by the 2008 M<inf>S</inf> 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake as an example, we systematically introduce a workflow for analyzing the structural characteristics of landslide failure boundaries using three-dimensional point clouds. First, multi-source data of the failure boundaries are obtained via terrestrial laser scanning and unmanned aerial vehicle photography. Next, on the basis of the hue, saturation, value color reconstruction technique, and the density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise, more than 3,870,000 orientations and eight groups of joint faces are extracted from these data. Finally, the spacing, persistence, and roughness of the joint faces are calculated. According to the roughness, we determined that the north flank of the ZBY landslide is a smooth friction face resulting from tectonic shear. With increasing movement distance of the landslide on the slip surface, the roughness is increasingly controlled by landslide slickensides instead of the structure. Furthermore, we confirmed that both sides of the ZBY landslide are primarily controlled by planar shearing failure with the linkage of Joints J1 and J2, which are located on the north and south flanks, respectively. The damaged areas on the two flanks caused by shear failure reached 86.53% and 73.02%, respectively, of the flank areas. The main scarp is composed of wedge failures at different scales, and the area damaged by tension reached 89.28% of the main scarp area. © 2023, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Automatic identification; Failure mode; Ground 3D laser scanning; Rock mass structure; Rock wedge slide
INDEX KEYWORDS: Antennas; Automation; Earthquakes; Failure (mechanical); Landslides; Laser applications; Rock mechanics; Surface roughness; 3D Laser scanning; Automatic identification; Case-studies; Ground 3d laser scanning; Large amounts; Rock landslide; Rock mass structure; Rock wedge slide; Structural characteristics; Three-dimensional point clouds; Rocks; automation; failure mechanism; landslide; laser; rock microstructure; three-dimensional modeling; China
REFERENCES: Albarelli, Daniel Seabra Nogueira Alves, Identification of potential rockfall sources using UAV-derived point cloud, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 80, 8, pp. 6539-6561, (2021); 
Barton, Nicholas R., The shear strength of rock joints in theory and practice, Rock Mechanics, 10, 1-2, pp. 1-54, (1977); 
Jordá-Bordehore, Luis, Comparing manual and remote sensing field discontinuity collection used in kinematic stability assessment of failed rock slopes, International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 97, pp. 24-32, (2017); 
Boulch, Alexandre, Fast and robust normal estimation for point clouds with sharp features, Computer Graphics Forum, 31, 5, pp. 1765-1774, (2012); 
Brideau, Marc André, Stability analysis of the 2007 Chehalis lake landslide based on long-range terrestrial photogrammetry and airborne LiDAR data, Landslides, 9, 1, pp. 75-91, (2012); 
Brideau, Marc André, The role of tectonic damage and brittle rock fracture in the development of large rock slope failures, Geomorphology, 103, 1, pp. 30-49, (2009); 
Chen, Jianqin, Automatic extraction of discontinuity orientation from rock mass surface 3D point cloud, Computers and Geosciences, 95, pp. 18-31, (2016); 
Chen, Na, Automatic extraction of blocks from 3D point clouds of fractured rock, Computers and Geosciences, 109, pp. 149-161, (2017); 
Corradetti, Amerigo, Evaluating roughness scaling properties of natural active fault surfaces by means of multi-view photogrammetry, Tectonophysics, 717, pp. 599-606, (2017); 
Cui, Shenghua, Effects of geological and tectonic characteristics on the earthquake-triggered Daguangbao landslide, China, Landslides, 15, 4, pp. 649-667, (2018)
PUBLISHER: Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Qin, Y., Zhang, D., Zheng, W., Yang, J., Chen, G., Duan, L., Liang, S., Peng, H.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Qin, Yigen (57224674325); Zhang, Dongli (35390597000); Zheng, Wenjun (7403566257); Yang, Jingjun (57245349900); Chen, Gan (57200203149); Duan, Lei (57215038982); Liang, Shumin (57220916447); Peng, Hui (57245350000)
57224674325; 35390597000; 7403566257; 57245349900; 57200203149; 57215038982; 57220916447; 57245350000
Interaction of earthquake-triggered landslides and local relief: Evidence from the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake
(2023) Landslides, 20 (4), pp. 757 - 770, Cited 6 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s10346-022-01996-3
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85144123472&doi=10.1007%2Fs10346-022-01996-3&partnerID=40&md5=4f6dc5b310bf83515e1e242cf8479d43

AFFILIATIONS: School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
ABSTRACT: Earthquake-triggered landslides (EQTLs) are affected by both seismogenic faults and topography. Using landslide data associated with the 2008 M<inf>W</inf>7.9 Wenchuan earthquake, the distribution characteristics of EQTLs were identified. And the influence of topographical changes and fault dip angle changes on the distribution of EQTLs was analyzed. Fault dip angle had a controlling impact on EQTL spatial distribution. When the dip angle increased, EQTL distribution was concentrated in a certain range on both sides of the fault and decayed rapidly with distance from the fault. When dip angle decreased, the hanging wall effect became more obvious, and the number of landslides on the hanging wall gradually decreased with distance from the fault. In terms of topography, EQTLs were closely related to relative elevation differences, forming a single peak for a local relief range of 400–1600 m. For > 70% of statistical units, EQTL density increased with local relief; the landslide distribution conformed to an exponential relationship with relief. Peak local relief and dominant local relief were highly negatively correlated with fault dip angle. Fault geometry and motion characteristics control the propagation of seismic waves, directly affecting the distribution of EQTLs; moreover, as tectonic activity controls local relief, it also indirectly affects the distribution of EQTLs. Our findings provide empirical evidence for the rapid assessment of EQTL distributions. © 2022, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Earthquake-triggered landslide; Fault geometry and motion characteristics; Local relief; Spatial distribution of landslide; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Earthquakes; Faulting; Spatial distribution; Topography; Earthquake-triggered landslides; Fault dip angle; Fault geometry; Fault geometry and motion characteristic; Geometry characteristics; Landslide distributions; Local relief; Motion characteristics; Spatial distribution of landslide; Wenchuan Earthquake; Landslides; data set; dip-slip fault; disaster management; disaster relief; earthquake; earthquake damage; fault geometry; hanging wall; landslide; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Abrahamson, Norman A.Bolt, Effects of the hanging wall and footwall on ground motions recorded during the Northridge earthquake, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 86, 1 SUPPL. B, pp. S93-S99, (1996); 
Ashford, Scott A., Topographic effects on the seismic response of steep slopes, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 87, 3, pp. 701-709, (1997); 
Avouac, Jean Philippe, Kinematic model of active deformation in central Asia, Geophysical Research Letters, 20, 10, pp. 895-898, (1993); 
Basharat, Muhammad, A preliminary investigation of reactivated mass movement near the epicenter of 2005 Kashmir earthquake, NW Himalayas, Pakistan, Journal of Himalayan Earth Sciences, 50, 1, pp. 57-65, (2017); 
J Anhui Agric Sci, (2011); 
Bommer, Julian J., Earthquake-induced landslides in Central America, Engineering Geology, 63, 3-4, pp. 189-220, (2002); 
She Fa Chen, Active faulting and block movement associated with large earthquakes in the Min Shan and Longmen Mountains, northeastern Tibetan Plateau, Journal of Geophysical Research, 99, B12, pp. 24-38, (1994); 
Chen, Xiaoli, Study on the fault mechanics influences on the landslides distribution: a case study from the Wenchuan earthquake, Dizhen Dizhi, 36, 2, pp. 358-367, (2014); 
Workshop on World Landslide Forum, (2017); 
Chigira, Masahiro, Landslides induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China, Geomorphology, 118, 3-4, pp. 225-238, (2010)
PUBLISHER: Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Xiong, J., Chen, H., Zeng, L., Su, F.-H., Gong, L., Tang, C.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Xiong, Jiang (57217517892); Chen, Huayong (24385415200); Zeng, Lu (59049447300); Su, Fenghuan (14033176000); Gong, Lingfeng (57215612725); Tang, Chenxiao (55486336700)
57217517892; 24385415200; 59049447300; 14033176000; 57215612725; 55486336700
Coseismic landslide sediment increased by the “9.5” Luding earthquake, Sichuan, China
(2023) Journal of Mountain Science, 20 (3), pp. 624 - 636, Cited 18 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11629-022-7770-2
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85149762938&doi=10.1007%2Fs11629-022-7770-2&partnerID=40&md5=1418bfeee03101ab9958faabe2714943

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; China Geological Survey, Beijing, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: The “9.5” Luding earthquake (Ms 6.8), which occurred on September 5, 2022, has triggered thousands of landslides, and caused coseismic landslide sediment in the mountain basin to increase significantly. After the Luding earthquake, landslide sediment may continue to divert to channels, and increase the activity of debris flows. Importantly, the formation of debris flows can pose a major threat to infrastructure, lives and property. To better understand the landslide sediment that increased by the “9.5” Luding earthquake and its impact on the activity of debris flows, we mapped the coseismic landslide database using satellite images. A total of 9142 landslides with an area of 49.51 km2, covering 4.81% of the whole basin, were triggered by the Luding earthquake. The coseismic landslides induced by this earthquake are dominated by shallow landslides and are densely distributed in the combined zone of the Xianshuihe fault and the Dadu fault. Approximately 333.31×106 m3 (error: 111.43×106 m3/−70.73×106 m3) of coseismic landslide sediments were induced by the earthquake in the epicenter, and the landslide materials were concentrated downstream of the basins. In addition, more than 13986.45×104 m3 (error: 4675.67×104 m3/−2967.92×104 m3) of landslide sediment may supply for debris flow occurrence. Simultaneously, the small basins that are distributed near Moxi, Detuo and the junction of the Xianshuihe fault and Daduhe fault are more susceptible to debris flows when rainstorms hit these regions. Therefore, prevention and mitigation measures, early warning, and land use planning should be adopted in advance in these regions. However, from the perspectives of landslide scale and the degree of landslide-channel coupling, the activity or active intensity of debris flows in the Luding earthquake area may be lower than that in the epicenter area of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. © 2023, Science Press, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, CAS and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flow activity; Landslide sediment; Luding earthquake; Remote sensing image
INDEX KEYWORDS: coseismic process; debris flow; earthquake event; earthquake magnitude; landslide; satellite imagery; China; Luding; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Egu General Assembly Conference Egu General Assembly Conference Abstracts, (2013); 
Bracken, Louise J., Sediment connectivity: A framework for understanding sediment transfer at multiple scales, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 40, 2, pp. 177-188, (2015); 
Chang, Ming, The spatial distribution characteristics of coseismic landslides triggered by the Ms7.0 Lushan earthquake and Ms7.0 Jiuzhaigou earthquake in southwest China, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28, 16, pp. 20549-20569, (2021); 
Chen, Ningsheng, The critical rainfall characteristics for torrents and debris flows in the Wenchuan earthquake stricken area, Journal of Mountain Science, 6, 4, pp. 362-372, (2009); 
Chigira, Masahiro, Landslides induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China, Geomorphology, 118, 3-4, pp. 225-238, (2010); 
Dadson, Simon J., Earthquake-triggered increase in sediment delivery from an active mountain belt, Geology, 32, 8, pp. 733-736, (2004); 
Dai, Fuchu, The 1786 earthquake-triggered landslide dam and subsequent dam-break flood on the Dadu River, southwestern China, Geomorphology, 65, 3-4, pp. 205-221, (2005); 
Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011); 
Dong, J. J., The role of the sediment budget in understanding debris flow susceptibility, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 34, 12, pp. 1612-1624, (2009); 
Fuller, Ian C., Landslide-driven erosion and slope-channel coupling in steep, forested terrain, Ruahine Ranges, New Zealand, 1946-2011, Catena, 142, pp. 252-268, (2016)
PUBLISHER: Science Press
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Cheng, H., Mergili, M., Huang, Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Cheng, Hualin (57199118591); Mergili, Martin (38862234300); Huang, Yu (57204857931)
57199118591; 38862234300; 57204857931
Numerical analysis of debris flow erosion in the mountainous areas affected by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake using a depth-averaged two-phase model
(2023) Natural Hazards, 116 (1), pp. 193 - 212, Cited 6 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11069-022-05669-1
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85139873075&doi=10.1007%2Fs11069-022-05669-1&partnerID=40&md5=8b8da39def941f0fa60c27ec3b0fc0c4

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Geotechnical Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Engineering, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China; Department of Geography and Regional Science, Universität Graz, Graz, Styria, Austria
ABSTRACT: Channel bed erosion accompanying debris flows can significantly magnify the flowing mass and increase the associated risk. However, the mechanics of this geological phenomenon is extremely complex, which greatly increases the difficulty of predicting the dynamical behavior and bulking process of large-scale debris flows. This study employs the depth-averaged two-phase r.avaflow model to numerically analyze the flow propagation and sediment erosion processes. Two modified empirical erosion laws are further embedded in the r.avaflow framework to comparatively compute the channel erosion of a typical catastrophic debris flow occurring in Wenchuan earthquake-affected mountainous areas. The results show that both of the two erosion models can effectively reproduce the movement and channel erosion of the debris flows under investigation. In addition, the most serious sediment erosion has been found to occur along the two sides of the channels. Additionally, r.avaflow model with its simple C<inf>E</inf>-controlled erosion law relating the erosion coefficient to the slope topography is further applied to predict the dynamical behavior and bulking process of the Hongchun gully debris flow under 50- and 100-year recurrence intervals. The discharge and hazard intensity are shown to greatly increase under the effect of the typically ignored sediment erosion. This study provides more scientific basis for risk assessment and hazard mitigation for large-scale debris flows in mountainous areas. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flow; Erosion; Mountainous areas; Two-phase numerical model; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: debris flow; disaster management; earthquake damage; earthquake magnitude; mountain region; natural disaster; numerical model; Sichuan earthquake 2008; two phase flow; China
REFERENCES: Adebiyi, Abiola Abraham, A numerical study on impacts of sediment erosion/deposition on debris flow propagation, Water (Switzerland), 13, 12, (2021); 
Baggio, Tommaso, Advances in the simulation of debris flow erosion: The case study of the Rio Gere (Italy) event of the 4th August 2017, Geomorphology, 381, (2021); 
Barker, T., Exact solutions for steady granular flow in vertical chutes and pipes, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 930, (2022); 
Breien, Hedda, Erosion and morphology of a debris flow caused by a glacial lake outburst flood, Western Norway, Landslides, 5, 3, pp. 271-280, (2008); 
Cao, Liyuan, A high performance hybrid passive base-isolated system, Structural Control and Health Monitoring, 29, 3, (2022); 
Cheng, Hualin, Physical process-based runout modeling and hazard assessment of catastrophic debris flow using SPH incorporated with ArcGIS: A case study of the Hongchun gully, Catena, 212, (2022); 
Christen, Marc, Back calculation of the In den Arelen avalanche with RAMMS: Interpretation of model results, Annals of Glaciology, 51, 54, pp. 161-168, (2010); 
Crosta, Giovanni Battista, Modes of propagation and deposition of granular flows onto an erodible substrate: experimental, analytical, and numerical study, Landslides, 14, 1, pp. 47-68, (2017); 
Cui, Peng, Risk assessment of simultaneous debris flows in mountain townships, Progress in Physical Geography, 37, 4, pp. 516-542, (2013); 
Dai, Zili, Numerical investigation on the kinetic characteristics of the Yigong debris flow in Tibet, China, Water (Switzerland), 13, 8, (2021)
PUBLISHER: Springer Science and Business Media B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Yang, Y., Fan, X., Wang, X., Lv, L., Zou, C., Feng, Z.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Yang, Yinshuang (58021184700); Fan, Xuanmei (12752112800); Wang, Xin (57202370573); Lv, Linyi (58021184800); Zou, Chengbin (57221962637); Feng, Zetao (57212149274)
58021184700; 12752112800; 57202370573; 58021184800; 57221962637; 57212149274
Net primary productivity changes associated with landslides induced by the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake
(2023) Land Degradation and Development, 34 (4), pp. 1035 - 1050, Cited 7 times.
DOI: 10.1002/ldr.4514
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85144210545&doi=10.1002%2Fldr.4514&partnerID=40&md5=1094275e3e3220baa40c1dd7dcdb67a7

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: The 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake triggered massive landslide erosion, especially in mountainous terrain, which had a great impact on carbon storage of the local terrestrial ecosystem. However, variation in carbon flux and restoration of ecosystem function after the Wenchuan Earthquake remain open issues. In this study, we evaluated the current restored vegetation productive capability on the coseismic landslide scars through moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) net primary productivity (NPP) imagery, and explored their sensitivity to meteorological, topographical, and geological factors. The spatio-temporal evolution and future sustainability of NPP of the landslides after the Earthquake were revealed. The following results were obtained: (i) After 13 years, only 45.36% of the vegetation productivity capability of the landslide scars reached the pre-earthquake level. (ii) Meteorological factors (precipitation and temperature) have strongest influences on vegetation productivity capability recovery over the coseismic landslide scars, followed by topography (aspect, slope, and altitude) and the lithology of landslides. (iii) The extremely significant improvement (p < 0.01) and significant improvement (0.01 ≤ p < 0.05) in annual NPP pixel values from 2008 to 2021 accounted for 18.92% and 28.30% of the total area, respectively. The slight degradation (p < 0.1) in annual NPP pixel values from 2008 to 2021 account for 0.01% of the total area. In general, the NPP has shown an improving trend since the Wenchuan Earthquake. Moreover, 60.95% of the total area shows the trends of continuous improvement in the future. This study provides important insight into how mega-earthquakes affect regional ecosystem carbon flux and contributes to our understanding of ecosystem carbon cycles along with earthquake-induced geohazard chains. © 2022 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: ecosystem function; landslides; NPP; vegetation; Wenchuan Earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Earthquakes; Ecosystems; Landslides; Lithology; Photosynthesis; Phytoplankton; Pixels; Radiometers; Restoration; Vegetation; Weathering; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Carbon fluxes; Ecosystem carbons; Ecosystem functions; Meteorological factors; Net primary productivity; Pixel values; Productivity changes; Vegetation productivity; Wenchuan Earthquake; Topography; carbon storage; earthquake trigger; ecosystem function; environmental restoration; erosion; landslide; net primary production; Sichuan earthquake 2008; vegetation; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Basher, L. R., A preliminary assessment of the impact of landslide, earthflow, and gully erosion on soil carbon stocks in New Zealand, Geomorphology, 307, pp. 93-106, (2018); 
Berhe, Asmeret Asefaw, The significance of the erosion-induced terrestrial carbon sink, BioScience, 57, 4, pp. 337-346, (2007); 
Bianchi, Thomas S., Centers of organic carbon burial and oxidation at the land-ocean interface, Organic Geochemistry, 115, pp. 138-155, (2018); 
Bondeau, Alberte, Comparing global models of terrestrial net primary productivity (NPP): Importance of vegetation structure on seasonal NPP estimates, Global Change Biology, 5, SUPPL. 1, pp. 35-45, (1999); 
Burdige, David J., Burial of terrestrial organic matter in marine sediments: A re-assessment, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 19, 4, (2005); 
Ponce-Campos, Guillermo E., Ecosystem resilience despite large-scale altered hydroclimatic conditions, Nature, 494, 7437, pp. 349-352, (2013); 
Crabtree, Robert L., A modeling and spatio-temporal analysis framework for monitoring environmental change using NPP as an ecosystem indicator, Remote Sensing of Environment, 113, 7, pp. 1486-1496, (2009); 
Cui, Peng, Destruction of vegetation due to geo-hazards and its environmental impacts in the Wenchuan earthquake areas, Ecological Engineering, 44, pp. 61-69, (2012); 
Dearborn, Katherine D., Aspect and slope influence plant community composition more than elevation across forest–tundra ecotones in subarctic Canada, Journal of Vegetation Science, 28, 3, pp. 595-604, (2017); 
Dixon, Robert K., Carbon pools and flux of global forest ecosystems, Science, 263, 5144, pp. 185-190, (1994)
PUBLISHER: John Wiley and Sons Ltd
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Yang, Y., Tang, C., Cai, Y., Tang, C., Chen, M., Huang, W., Liu, C.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Yang, Yu (57216792040); Tang, Chenxiao (55486336700); Cai, Yinghua (57216790501); Tang, Chuan (35932953300); Chen, Ming (57199453005); Huang, Wenli (58124440900); Liu, Chang (57218187244)
57216792040; 55486336700; 57216790501; 35932953300; 57199453005; 58124440900; 57218187244
Characteristics of Debris Flow Activities at Different Scales after the Disturbance of Strong Earthquakes—A Case Study of the Wenchuan Earthquake-Affected Area
(2023) Water (Switzerland), 15 (4), art. no. 698, Cited 6 times.
DOI: 10.3390/w15040698
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85149198581&doi=10.3390%2Fw15040698&partnerID=40&md5=a01430877b2bd3a19c569bca50f7709d

AFFILIATIONS: Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Chengdu Geological Environment Monitoring Station, Chengdu, China; Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Of the catastrophic earthquakes over the past few decades, the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake triggered the greatest number of landslides and deposited a large amount of loose material on steep terrains and deep gullies, which was highly conducive to the occurrence of post-earthquake debris flows. It is of great importance to clarify the evolution of debris flow activity for hazard evaluation, prediction, and prevention after a strong earthquake, especially in the face of large debris flow hazards. We established a long-time span database consisting of 1668 debris flow events before and after the earthquake, with information including the occurrence time, location, and scale (small, medium, and large). In order to analyze how the environmental background before and after the earthquake controlled the debris flow activity, we examined various controlling factors, including the material source, topography (relative relief and slope degree), rainfall, normalized vegetation index, and lithology. After completing the analysis of the spatial and temporal evolution of the debris flow events in the database, a 10 × 10 km grid was introduced to grade the controlling factors in ArcGIS. Based on the same grid, the density of debris flow events for each scale in different time periods was calculated and graded. We introduced the certainty factor to figure out the spatial–temporal relationships between debris flow activities at each scale and the controlling factors. The results can provide guidance on how to dynamically adjust our strategies for debris flow prevention after a strong earthquake. Lastly, Spearman rank correlation analysis was performed to clarify the variation in the magnitude of the influence of controlling factors on the debris flow activities of different scales with time. This can provide a reference for the dynamic evaluation of debris flow hazards in the Wenchuan earthquake-affected area. © 2023 by the authors.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: certainty factor; controlling factors; debris flow activity; Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Debris; Factor analysis; Hazards; Lithology; Topography; Affected area; Certainty factors; Controlling factors; Debris flow activities; Debris flows; Flow events; Rank correlation coefficient; Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient; Strong earthquakes; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes; correlation; debris flow; earthquake magnitude; Sichuan earthquake 2008; spatiotemporal analysis; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Iverson, Richard M., Debris flows: Behaviour and hazard assessment, Geology Today, 30, 1, pp. 15-20, (2014); 
Iverson, Richard M., The physics of debris flows, Reviews of Geophysics, 35, 3, pp. 245-296, (1997); 
Debris Flow Hazards and Related Phenomena, (2005); 
Lin, Ching-Wee Weei, Impact of Chi-Chi earthquake on the occurrence of landslides and debris flows: Example from the Chenyulan River watershed, Nantou, Taiwan, Engineering Geology, 71, 1-2, pp. 49-61, (2004); 
Xu, Qiang, The 13 August 2010 catastrophic debris flows after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 12, 1, pp. 201-216, (2012); 
Tang, Chuan, Catastrophic debris flows on 13 August 2010 in the Qingping area, southwestern China: The combined effects of a strong earthquake and subsequent rainstorms, Geomorphology, 139-140, pp. 559-576, (2012); 
Cotecchia, Federica, Towards a geo-hydro-mechanical characterization of landslide classes: Preliminary results, Applied Sciences (Switzerland), 10, 22, pp. 1-41, (2020); 
Yu, Bin, Preliminary study of the effect of earthquakes on the rainfall threshold of debris flows, Engineering Geology, 182, PB, pp. 130-135, (2014); 
Zhou, Wei, Rainfall thresholds for debris flow initiation in the Wenchuan earthquake-stricken area, southwestern China, Landslides, 11, 5, pp. 877-887, (2014); 
Tang, Chuan, Rainfall-triggered debris flows following the Wenchuan earthquake, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 68, 2, pp. 187-194, (2009)
PUBLISHER: MDPI
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS; GREEN ACCEPTED OPEN ACCESS; GREEN OPEN ACCESS

Hu, K., Zhao, X.-Y., Zhang, G.-Z.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Hu, Kai (57206590759); Zhao, Xiaoyan (55705108400); Zhang, Guangze (55970567100)
57206590759; 55705108400; 55970567100
Dynamic behaviors of rockslides subjected to brittle failure of locked segments
(2023) Journal of Mountain Science, 20 (2), pp. 532 - 541, Cited 5 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11629-022-7470-y
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85147185955&doi=10.1007%2Fs11629-022-7470-y&partnerID=40&md5=66ae79af13ba5c5124cfdd323bf304e0

AFFILIATIONS: Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; China Railway Eryuan Engineering Group Co. Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Locked segments are recognized as a critical role that controls the stability of rock slopes but remain an unclear and challenging problem with respect to their role incorporated into the failure mechanism. In order to study the effect of the locked segments on the initial failure process of rockslides, thirty-six groups of locked segment specimens with three different lithologies were prepared, direct shear tests were carried out to obtain the accelerations caused by brittle failure of the locked segment specimens. Experiment results showed that the maximum accelerations caused by the brittle failure of locked segment specimens was 2.91 g in the horizontal direction, and 3.18 g in the vertical direction. We took the Wangjiayan rockslide in 2008 Wenchuan earthquake as an example, the critical balance condition of the sliding mass under combined effect of gravity and accelerations induced by brittle failure of locked segment was analyzed, which indicated that the initial failure process of the Wangjiayan rockslides was notably influenced by the existence of the locked segment. The departure acceleration and direction of the Wangjiayan rockslide were proposed. The study results can provide a new insight into the understanding of the initial failure mechanism of rockslides with locked segments. © 2023, Science Press, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, CAS and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Brittle failure; Direct shear test; Initial failure mechanism; Locked segment; Rockfalls; Rockslides; Sudden departure
INDEX KEYWORDS: brittle failure; dynamic analysis; failure mechanism; landslide; lithology; rockfall; shear test
REFERENCES: Braathen, Alvar B., Rock-slope failures in Norway; type, geometry, deformation mechanisms and stability, Norsk Geologisk Tiddsskrift, 84, 1, pp. 67-88, (2004); 
Cao, Ping, Crack propagation and coalescence of brittle rock-like specimens with pre-existing cracks in compression, Engineering Geology, 187, pp. 113-121, (2015); 
Chen, Hongran, A physical model predicting instability of rock slopes with locked segments along a potential slip surface, Engineering Geology, 242, pp. 34-43, (2018); 
Proceedings of the Tenth International Symposium on Landslides and Engineered Slopes, (2008); 
Eberhardt, Erick, Numerical analysis of initiation and progressive failure in natural rock slopes-the 1991 Randa rockslide, International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 41, 1, pp. 69-87, (2004); 
Gehle, C., Breakage and shear behaviour of intermittent rock joints, International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 40, 5, pp. 687-700, (2003); 
Glastonbury, James P., Geotechnical characteristics of large rapid rock slides, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 47, 1, pp. 116-132, (2010); 
Gomberg, Joan S., Landslide faults and tectonic faults, analogs?: The Slumgullion earthflow, Colorado, Geology, 23, 1, pp. 41-44, (1995); 
Guo, Qifeng, Investigating the effect of rock bridge on the stability of locked section slopes by the direct shear test and acoustic emission technique, Sensors, 20, 3, (2020); 
Hajiabdolmajid, Vahid, Modelling brittle failure of rock, International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 39, 6, pp. 731-741, (2002)
PUBLISHER: Science Press
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wang, J., Ma, T., Zhang, F., Hilton, R.G., Feng, X., Jin, Z.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wang, Jin (58465079600); Ma, Tian (57478616900); Zhang, Fei (55195292000); Hilton, Robert G. (24385259400); Feng, Xiaojuan (8955312300); Jin, Zhangdong (7403625767)
58465079600; 57478616900; 55195292000; 24385259400; 8955312300; 7403625767
The role of earthquakes and storms in the fluvial export of terrestrial organic carbon along the eastern margin of the Tibetan plateau: A biomarker perspective
(2023) Frontiers in Earth Science, 10, art. no. 1090983, Cited 1 times.
DOI: 10.3389/feart.2022.1090983
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85148355561&doi=10.3389%2Ffeart.2022.1090983&partnerID=40&md5=7d3761ccac21a08a099c1f8bfb56ba64

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Faculty of Social Sciences & Health, Durham, County Durham, United Kingdom; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China; Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
ABSTRACT: Driven by earthquakes and intense rainfall, steep tectonically active mountains are hotspots of terrestrial organic carbon mobilization from soils, rocks, and vegetation by landslides into rivers. Subsequent delivery and fluvial mobilization of organic carbon from different sources can impact atmospheric CO<inf>2</inf> concentrations across a range of timescales. Extreme landslide triggering events can provide insight on processes and rates of carbon export. Here we used suspended sediment collected from 2005 to 2012 at the upper Min Jiang, a main tributary of the Yangtze River on the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, to compare the erosion of terrestrial organic carbon before and after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and a storm-derived debris flow event in 2005. To constrain the source of riverine particulate organic carbon (POC), we quantified lignin phenols and n-alkanoic acids in the suspended sediments, catchment soils and landslide deposits. We found that riverine POC had higher inputs of less-degraded, discrete organic matter at high suspended sediment loads, while the source of POC seemed stochastic at low suspended sediment concentrations. The debris flow in 2005 mobilized a large amount of POC, resulting in an export of lignin within a single day equivalent to a normal year. In comparison, the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake increased the flux of POC and particulate lignin, albeit with limited impact on POC sources in comparison to seasonal variations. Our results highlight the important role of episodic events in the fluvial export of terrestrial carbon. © © 2023 Wang, Ma, Zhang, Hilton, Feng and Jin.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: biomarker; debris flow; landslide; organic carbon source; particulate organic carbon; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: biomarker; debris flow; fluvial deposit; landslide; organic carbon; particulate organic carbon; sediment transport; Sichuan earthquake 2008; storm; suspended sediment; China; Min River [Sichuan]; Qinghai-Xizang Plateau; Sichuan; Wenchuan; Yangtze River
REFERENCES: Bao, Hongyan, Erratum: Importance of Oceanian small mountainous rivers (SMRs) in global land-to-ocean output of lignin and modern biospheric carbon (Scientific Reports (2016) 5:16217 DOI: 10.1038/srep16217), Scientific Reports, 6, (2016); 
Berner, Robert A., Burial of organic carbon and pyrite sulfur in the modern ocean: Its geochemical and environmental significance, American Journal of Science, 282, 4, pp. 451-473, (1982); 
Bouchez, Julien, Source, transport and fluxes of Amazon River particulate organic carbon: Insights from river sediment depth-profiles, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 133, pp. 280-298, (2014); 
China Geological Base Map and Instructions 1 2 500 000, (2004); 
Clark, Kasey E., Storm-triggered landslides in the Peruvian Andes and implications for topography, carbon cycles, and biodiversity, Earth Surface Dynamics, 4, 1, pp. 47-70, (2016); 
Clark, Kasey E., Extreme rainstorms drive exceptional organic carbon export from forested humid-tropical rivers in Puerto Rico, Nature Communications, 13, 1, (2022); 
Croissant, Thomas, Pulsed carbon export from mountains by earthquake-Triggered landslides explored in a reduced-complexity model, Earth Surface Dynamics, 9, 4, pp. 823-844, (2021); 
Dadson, Simon J., Earthquake-triggered increase in sediment delivery from an active mountain belt, Geology, 32, 8, pp. 733-736, (2004); 
Dai, Guohua, Compositional Characteristics of Fluvial Particulate Organic Matter Exported From the World's Largest Alpine Wetland, Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 124, 9, pp. 2709-2727, (2019); 
Densmore, Alexander Logan, Topographic fingerprints of bedrock landslides, Geology, 28, 4, pp. 371-374, (2000)
PUBLISHER: Frontiers Media SA
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Zhang, S., Wang, B., Zhang, L., Laçasse, S., Nadim, F., Chen, Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhang, Shuai (55092670700); Wang, Bijiao (57754088400); Zhang, Limin Min (58883008100); Laçasse, Suzanne M. (7005464815); Nadim, Farrokh (57200584204); Chen, Yunmin (58612235600)
55092670700; 57754088400; 58883008100; 7005464815; 57200584204; 58612235600
Increased human risk caused by cascading hazards – A framework
(2023) Science of the Total Environment, 857, art. no. 159308, Cited 18 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159308
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85139593352&doi=10.1016%2Fj.scitotenv.2022.159308&partnerID=40&md5=4752717331fb70855700083f0f2f30cd

AFFILIATIONS: Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Norges Geotekniske Institutt, Oslo, Oslo, Norway
ABSTRACT: Cascading hazards occur frequently. Unexpected casualties and losses of properties, or even impacts on the society and the environment may ensue from failure to anticipate the amplified risks induced by cascading hazards. Current risk assessment methods pay relatively less attention to quantifying the increased human risk related to “cascading” events. An improved framework for quantifying the human risk caused by cascading hazards is proposed in this paper. The framework considers the interactions among the cascading hazards and among the vulnerabilities of elements to these hazards. Its kernel is to scientifically anticipate and gear up for any new intensified hazards, which may otherwise lead to serious social aftermath. The framework is illustrated with a multi-hazard example close to the epicenter of the Wenchuan earthquake, which involved a chain of hazards including slope failures, a large debris flow, river damming, and flooding. © 2022 Elsevier B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Cascading hazards; Human risk; Interaction; Risk analysis
INDEX KEYWORDS: Earthquakes; Hazards; Risk assessment; 'current; Cascading events; Cascading hazard; Epicentre; Human risks; Interaction; Multi-hazards; Property; Risk assessment methods; Wenchuan Earthquake; Risk analysis; debris flow; earthquake epicenter; flooding; hazard assessment; slope failure; article; earthquake; human; human experiment; risk assessment; river; vulnerability; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan; Floods; Humans; Risk Assessment
REFERENCES: Aghakouchak, Amir, How do natural hazards cascade to cause disasters?, Nature, 561, 7724, pp. 458-460, (2018); 
Anderson, Christopher, Hazards of risk assessment, Nature, 351, 6323, (1991); 
Probability Concepts in Engineering, (2007); 
Araya-Muñoz, Dahyann, A spatial fuzzy logic approach to urban multi-hazard impact assessment in Concepción, Chile, Science of the Total Environment, 576, pp. 508-519, (2017); 
Avand, Mohammadtaghi, DEM resolution effects on machine learning performance for flood probability mapping, Journal of Hydro-Environment Research, 40, pp. 1-16, (2022); 
Reliability and Statistics in Geotechnical Engineering, (2003); 
Bell, Rainer, Multi-hazard analysis in natural risk assessments, Management Information Systems, 9, pp. 197-206, (2004); 
Birkmann, Jörn, Risk and vulnerability indicators at different scales:. Applicability, usefulness and policy implications, Environmental Hazards, 7, 1, pp. 20-31, (2007); 
Birkmann, Jörn, Framing vulnerability, risk and societal responses: The MOVE framework, Natural Hazards, 67, 2, pp. 193-211, (2013); 
Cuartas, J. B., The application of cascading consequences for emergency management operations, Natural Hazards, 108, 3, pp. 2919-2938, (2021)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Han, M., Evans, S.G., He, K., Sun, H., Ma, Z.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Han, Mei (56621900500); Evans, Stephen G. (7402710147); He, Kun (57470523000); Sun, Hao (56658861300); Ma, Zhigang (57190665580)
56621900500; 7402710147; 57470523000; 56658861300; 57190665580
The structure of a magnitude-frequency relation for debris flows conditioned by earthquake shock
(2023) Frontiers in Earth Science, 10, art. no. 946301, Cited 3 times.
DOI: 10.3389/feart.2022.946301
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85146558254&doi=10.3389%2Ffeart.2022.946301&partnerID=40&md5=40ef899ad89fc7281344cf04957e790b

AFFILIATIONS: Faculty of Mathematics, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada; Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Sichuan Institute of Land and Space Ecological Restoration and Geological Hazard Prevention, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: Debris flow is a major secondary geological process associated with the 2008 M7.9 Wenchuan Earthquake area, causing the loss of around 200 lives as well as extensive property damage. Based on data developed over the past 21 years (1998–2018) of continuous monitoring of debris flow events in Sichuan, the temporal and spatial aspects of debris flows have been analyzed, including magnitude and frequency. The 21-year study period is divided into three time-intervals: 1998–2007 (pre-earthquake), 2008–2013 (short-term post-earthquake), and 2014–2018 (long-term post-earthquake). Distribution maps are plotted to compare debris flow distribution density in the three periods and to visualize debris flow development throughout Sichuan Province from 1998 to 2018. Many large-scale debris flows occur in groups immediately following the earthquake (2008–2013). After 2014, the magnitude and frequency of debris flows begin to decrease and gradually returned near to the pre-earthquake level as the damaged landscape recovered. The effect of rainfall is investigated by analyzing a 21-year record of precipitation; Following the earthquake the threshold rainfall values for debris flow triggering decrease only to recover to pre-earthquake levels as the landscape heals. Magnitude-frequency (M-F) relations for debris flows of the three periods were developed, and the distribution can be well fitted by a power-law function. Finally, the work done by debris flow was defined by multiplying the magnitude by frequency. At the regional scale, the work peaks in the three time periods have been determined and it is found that the peaks corresponded with the larger debris flow sizes. The concept of offset is introduced to describe the shift of the work peak in relation to the probability peak and is termed the Wolman-Miller offset. It is concluded that with a greater offset in the short-term post-earthquake period, more work has been done by larger events and that the greater proportion of the volume being mobilized by larger events occurring more frequently is a key process in the landscape returning to a pre-earthquake (equilibrium) state. The recovery of an earthquake-damaged landscape represents a transient period of high hazard that should be considered in any hazard assessment of earthquake-triggered landslides (in addition to co-seismic landslides). © © 2023 Han, Evans, He, Sun and Ma.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: 2008 wenchuan earthquake; debris flow; magnitude‐frequency relation; temporal and spatial distribution; Wolman-Miller; work peak
INDEX KEYWORDS: debris flow; earthquake damage; earthquake magnitude; earthquake mechanism; flow field; geological hazard; hazard assessment; seismic hazard; Sichuan earthquake 2008; spatial distribution; temporal distribution; trigger mechanism; visualization; China; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Brayshaw, Drew, Debris flow initiation and sediment recharge in gullies, Geomorphology, 109, 3-4, pp. 122-131, (2009); 
Chang, Chiwen, Estimation of sediment volume of debris flow caused by extreme rainfall in Taiwan, Engineering Geology, 123, 1-2, pp. 83-90, (2011); 
Chang, Ming, Hazard assessment of debris flows in the Wenchuan earthquake-stricken area, South West China, Landslides, 14, 5, pp. 1783-1792, (2017); 
Chang, Ming, Patterns of rainfall-threshold for debris-flow occurrence in the Wenchuan seismic region, Southwest China, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 80, 3, pp. 2117-2130, (2021); 
Cheng, Jack D., Hydrometeorological and landuse attributes of debris flows and debris floods during typhoon Toraji, July 29-30, 2001 in central Taiwan, Journal of Hydrology, 306, 1-4, pp. 161-173, (2005); 
Cui, Peng, Characteristics and countermeasures of debris flow in Wenchuan area after the earthquake, Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 42, 5, pp. 10-19, (2010); 
Cui, Peng, The mechanisms behind shallow failures in slopes comprised of landslide deposits, Engineering Geology, 180, pp. 34-44, (2014); 
Cui, Shenghua, Liquefaction within a bedding fault: Understanding the initiation and movement of the Daguangbao landslide triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake (Ms = 8.0), Engineering Geology, 295, (2021); 
Cui, Shenghua, Characterizing the spatial distribution, frequency, geomorphological and geological controls on landslides triggered by the 1933 Mw 7.3 Diexi Earthquake, Sichuan, China, Geomorphology, 403, (2022); 
Dai, Fuchu, Frequency-volume relation and prediction of rainfall-induced landslides, Engineering Geology, 59, 3-4, pp. 253-266, (2001)
PUBLISHER: Frontiers Media SA
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Xiao, S., Zhang, L., Xiao, T., Jiang, R.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Xiao, Shihao (57217998118); Zhang, Limin Min (58883008100); Xiao, Te (56350712800); Jiang, Ruochen (57210913359)
57217998118; 58883008100; 56350712800; 57210913359
Prediction of Landslide Dam Formation Using Machine Learning Techniques
(2023) Geotechnical Special Publication, 2023-July (GSP 344), pp. 41 - 48, Cited 2 times.
DOI: 10.1061/9780784484968.005
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85184153192&doi=10.1061%2F9780784484968.005&partnerID=40&md5=dcc7ef985f81de318febcfc25e9c8fb4

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; HKUST Shenzhen-Hong Kong Collaborative Innovation Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
ABSTRACT: Predicting landslide dam formation is essential in mitigating landslide risks in alpine valley regions. This study assesses the landslide damming probability with the consideration of landslide characteristics, valley topography, and hydrological factors using machine learning techniques. A landslide inventory is collected, including both damming landslides and non-damming landslides in the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake region and the Bailong River basin. Three machine learning algorithms are compared, including logistic regression, random forest, and support vector machine. Results show that machine learning techniques can well predict the landslide damming probability. The random forest model achieves the best prediction performance, followed by logistic regression and support vector machine. Among six learning features, landslide area, upstream watershed area, and valley floor width are the three most important variables for landslide dam formation. An illustration example of the Tangjiashan landslide dam is used to demonstrate how the developed model can be integrated to predict landslide dam formation. © 2023 American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE). All rights reserved.
INDEX KEYWORDS: Dams; Earthquakes; Forecasting; Forestry; Landforms; Learning systems; Logistic regression; Random forests; Support vector regression; Topography; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Alpine valleys; Hydrological factors; Landslide dam; Landslide inventories; Logistics regressions; Machine learning techniques; Support vectors machine; Topography factor; Valley topography; Landslides
REFERENCES: Chang, Kuantsung, Evaluating scale effects of topographic variables in landslide susceptibility models using GIS-based machine learning techniques, Scientific Reports, 9, 1, (2019); 
Chen, Chienyuan, Landslide dam formation susceptibility analysis based on geomorphic features, Landslides, 13, 5, pp. 1019-1033, (2016); 
Chen, Jian, Holocene landslide-dammed lake deposits in the Upper Jinsha River, SE Tibetan Plateau and their ages, Quaternary International, 298, pp. 107-113, (2013); 
Costa, John E., FORMATION AND FAILURE OF NATURAL DAMS., Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 100, 7, pp. 1054-1068, (1988); 
Cui, Peng, The 12 May Wenchuan earthquake-induced landslide lakes: Distribution and preliminary risk evaluation, Landslides, 6, 3, pp. 209-223, (2009); 
Fan, Xuanmei, Empirical prediction of coseismic landslide dam formation, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 39, 14, pp. 1913-1926, (2014); 
Fryirs, Kirstie A., An approach for measuring confinement and assessing the influence of valley setting on river forms and processes, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 41, 5, pp. 701-710, (2016); 
He, Jian, Emergency risk management for landslide dam breaks in 2018 on the Yangtze River, China, Resilient Cities and Structures, 1, 3, pp. 1-11, (2022); 
Jin, Jiacheng, Prediction of river damming susceptibility by landslides based on a logistic regression model and InSAR techniques: A case study of the Bailong River Basin, China, Engineering Geology, 299, (2022); 
Liu, Ning, Draining Tangjiashan barrier kake after Wenchuan Earthquake and the flood propagation after the dam break, Science in China, Series E: Technological Sciences, 52, 4, pp. 801-809, (2009)
PUBLISHER: American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)
SPONSORS: Geo-Institute (GI) of the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)
CONFERENCE NAME: Geo-Risk Conference 2023: Hazards and Climate Change
CONFERENCE DATE: 2023-07-23 through 2023-07-26
CONFERENCE LOCATION: Arlington
CONFERENCE CODE: 195981
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

He, X., Zhang, L., Lu, W.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: He, Xin (57255598400); Zhang, Limin Min (58883008100); Lu, W. J. (57192370108)
57255598400; 58883008100; 57192370108
Risk of River Blockage Induced by Debris Flows
(2023) Geotechnical Special Publication, 2023-July (GSP 344), pp. 59 - 66, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.1061/9780784484968.007
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85184150435&doi=10.1061%2F9780784484968.007&partnerID=40&md5=9e37f895f56717c00931319daacf89fe

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Innovation Research Institute, HKUST Shenzhen-Hong Kong Collaborative Innovation Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
ABSTRACT: Since the Wenchuan earthquake in 2008, debris flows erupted in many gullies along the Minjiang River when subjected to heavy rainfall, leading to partial or complete river blockage and serious damage to infrastructure at gully outlets. Climate change drives the occurrence of extreme rainfall more frequently; thus it is necessary to evaluate the scale of debris flows in the Wenchuan area under extreme rainfall in the future. This study aims to evaluate the possible river blockage caused by debris flows under different rainfall scenarios. Taking Gaojia Gully as an example, a physically based model was used to simulate the whole process of debris flow including initiation, movement, and deposition under extreme rainfall. The deposition volume and the distribution of deposition depth in the outlet area are used to characterize the debris flows. Based on the deposition volume and the geometry of river reach, the risk of river blockage can be assessed. The outcome of this study provides practical support for the management of risks of potential barrier lakes and dam breaching floods. © 2023 American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE). All rights reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Barrier dam; Climate change; Debris flow; Risk assessment; River blockage
INDEX KEYWORDS: Climate change; Debris; Deposition; Earthquakes; Landforms; Rain; Rivers; Barrier dam; Debris flows; Extreme rainfall; Heavy rainfall; Minjiang River; Physically based models; Risks assessments; River blockage; Wenchuan Earthquake; Whole process; Risk assessment
REFERENCES: Chen, Hongxin, EDDA 1.0: Integrated simulation of debris flow erosion, deposition and property changes, Geoscientific Model Development, 8, 3, pp. 829-844, (2015); 
Cui, Peng, Risk assessment of highways affected by debris flows in Wenchuan earthquake area, Journal of Mountain Science, 10, 2, pp. 173-189, (2013); 
Fan, Ruilin, Evolution of debris flow activities in Gaojiagou Ravine during 2008–2016 after the Wenchuan earthquake, Engineering Geology, 235, pp. 1-10, (2018); 
Qiang, Yejia, Urban flood analysis for Pearl River Delta cities using an equivalent drainage method upon combined rainfall-high tide-storm surge events, Journal of Hydrology, 597, (2021); 
Shen, Ping, EDDA 2.0: Integrated simulation of debris flow initiation and dynamics considering two initiation mechanisms, Geoscientific Model Development, 11, 7, pp. 2841-2856, (2018); 
Wang, Huiliang, Urban flood forecasting based on the coupling of numerical weather model and stormwater model: A case study of Zhengzhou city, Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies, 39, (2022); 
Manual for Estimation of Probable Maximum Precipitation, (1986); 
Manual of Small and Medium Sized Watershed Storm Flood Calculation in Sichuan Province China Sichuan China, (1984); 
Zhuang, Jianqi, Probability assessment of river blocking by debris flow associated with the Wenchuan Earthquake, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 31, 13, pp. 3465-3478, (2010)
PUBLISHER: American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)
SPONSORS: Geo-Institute (GI) of the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)
CONFERENCE NAME: Geo-Risk Conference 2023: Hazards and Climate Change
CONFERENCE DATE: 2023-07-23 through 2023-07-26
CONFERENCE LOCATION: Arlington
CONFERENCE CODE: 195981
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zhang, X., Tie, Y., Ning, Z., Yang, C., Li, Z., Li, M., Liang, J., Lu, J., Lu, T., Li, G., Li, G., Xiang, B.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhang, Xianzheng (57219298270); Tie, Yongbo (26656325300); Ning, Zhijie (57263944400); Yang, Chang (58854387400); Li, Zongliang (56075326500); Li, Minghui (59616890900); Liang, Jingtao (35205586800); Lu, Jiayan (57197830266); Lu, Tuo (57673649000); Li, Guanghui (58698405300); Li, Guo (58854757700); Xiang, Binglin (58699660300)
57219298270; 26656325300; 57263944400; 58854387400; 56075326500; 59616890900; 35205586800; 57197830266; 57673649000; 58698405300; 58854757700; 58699660300
Characteristics and activity analysis of the catastrophic “6-26” debris flow in the Banzi catchment, Wenchuan County of Sichuan Province 四川汶川县板子沟“626”特大型泥石流成因特征与活动性研究
(2023) Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, 50 (5), pp. 134 - 145, Cited 18 times.
DOI: 10.16030/j.cnki.issn.1000-3665.202307003
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85182447232&doi=10.16030%2Fj.cnki.issn.1000-3665.202307003&partnerID=40&md5=bec7071036144b9958b367a344ad9064

AFFILIATIONS: China Geological Survey, Beijing, Beijing, China; Technology Innovation Center for Risk Prevention and Mitigation of Geohazard, Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China; Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China; Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China; Sichuan Geological Survey, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: On 26 June 2023, a catastrophic debris flow occurred in the Banzi Catchment in Wenchuan county of Sichuan province. This debris flow event is a viscous debris flow triggered by short duration heavy rainfall. The volume of debris which transported out of the catchment by debris flow is more than 8.3×105 m3, and the debris flow blocked the Minjiang River. The river blockage formed a barrier lake with an area of about 0.4 km2. To reveal the formation mechanism of the occurrence of the extremely large debris flow events 15 years after the Wenchuan earthquake, This paper adopts a comprehensive method of field investigation, image interpretation, topographic superposition and calculation of forced vortex. This paper also analyzes the formation mechanism of debris flow and the characteristics of river blocking. Based on the results, this paper gives some suggestions of investigation and prevention of debris flow in the Banzi catchment. The research results show that (1) the triggering rainfall is characterized by short duration and high intensity. The main initiation positions are in the channel. The main debris supply is from the debris deposition along the channel. (2) The peak discharge of debris flow is as high as 755.5 m3/s, which is the main cause of river blockage. (3) Since the Wenchuan earthquake, the debris flow activity of the Banzi Catchment has the characteristics of lag and long-term because of the coupled transport of debris on the slope and along the channel. (4) The volume of the debris source which can be eroded along the channel should be paid more attention in subsequent investigation and prevention. The research results are helpful in better understanding of the activity evolution of the post-seismic debris flow. They can also provide scientific references for the prevention of the post-seismic debris flow. © 2024 Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology. All rights reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Banzi Catchment; debris flow; Minjiang River; post-seismic; river blocking; Wenchuan county
REFERENCES: Tang, Chuan, Rainfall-triggered debris flows following the Wenchuan earthquake, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 68, 2, pp. 187-194, (2009); 
Chen, Ming, Quantitative assessment of physical fragility of buildings to the debris flow on 20 August 2019 in the Cutou gully, Wenchuan, southwestern China, Engineering Geology, 293, (2021); 
Tang, Chenxiao, Monitoring of the reconstruction process in a high mountainous area affected by a major earthquake and subsequent hazards, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 20, 4, pp. 1163-1186, (2020); 
Tang, Chuan, Catastrophic debris flows triggered by a 14 August 2010 rainfall at the epicenter of the Wenchuan earthquake, Landslides, 8, 4, pp. 485-497, (2011); 
Guo, Xiaojun, Characteristics of rainfall responsible for debris flows in Wenchuan Earthquake area, Environmental Earth Sciences, 76, 17, (2017); 
Cui, Peng, Distribution and risk analysis of dammed lakes reduced by Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 41, 3, pp. 35-42, (2009); 
Tie, Yongbo, Characteristics of geological hazards and it’s mitigations of the Ms6.8 earthquake in Luding County, Sichuan Province, Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, 49, 6, pp. 1-12, (2022); 
Li, Yan, Rapid episodic erosion of a cohesionless landslide dam: Insights from loss to scour of Yangjia Gully check dams and from flume experiments, Engineering Geology, 280, (2021); 
Fan, Xuanmei, Earthquake-Induced Chains of Geologic Hazards: Patterns, Mechanisms, and Impacts, Reviews of Geophysics, 57, 2, pp. 421-503, (2019); 
Domènech, Guillem, Modelling the role of material depletion, grain coarsening and revegetation in debris flow occurrences after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Engineering Geology, 250, pp. 34-44, (2019)
PUBLISHER: Editorial Office of Hydrogeology and Engineering
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Shao, X., Ma, S., Xu, C.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Shao, Xiaoyi (57204732302); Ma, Siyuan (57190214231); Xu, Chong (35184309900)
57204732302; 57190214231; 35184309900
Hazard assessment modeling and software development of earthquake-triggered landslides in the Sichuan-Yunnan area, China
(2023) Geoscientific Model Development, 16 (17), pp. 5113 - 5129, Cited 7 times.
DOI: 10.5194/gmd-16-5113-2023
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85177604475&doi=10.5194%2Fgmd-16-5113-2023&partnerID=40&md5=124a3ed8090d270ce900ffd27debb53b

AFFILIATIONS: Ministry of Emergency Management of China, Beijing, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Compound and Chained Natural Hazards Dynamics, Ministry of Emergency Management of China, Beijing, Beijing, China; Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Seismic and Volcanic Hazards, Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: To enhance the timeliness and accuracy of spatial prediction of coseismic landslides, we propose an improved three-stage spatial prediction strategy and develop corresponding hazard assessment software named Mat.LShazard V1.0. Based on this software, we evaluate the applicability of this improved spatial prediction strategy in six earthquake events that have occurred near the Sichuan-Yunnan region, including the Wenchuan, Ludian, Lushan, Jiuzhaigou, Minxian, and Yushu earthquakes. The results indicate that in the first stage (immediately after the quake event), except for the 2013 Minxian earthquake, the area under the curve (AUC) values of the modeling performance are above 0.8. Among them, the AUC value of the Wenchuan earthquake is the highest, reaching 0.947. The prediction results in the first stage can meet the requirements of emergency rescue by immediately obtaining the overall predicted information of the possible coseismic landslide locations in the quake-affected area. In the second and third stages, with the improvement of landslide data quality, the prediction ability of the model based on the entire landslide database is gradually improved. Based on the entire landslide database, the AUC value of the six events exceeds 0.9, indicating a very high prediction accuracy. For the second and third stages, the predicted landslide area (Ap) is relatively consistent with the observed landslide area (Ao). However, based on the incomplete landslide data in the meizoseismal area, Ap is much smaller than Ao. When the prediction model based on complete landslide data is built, Ap is nearly identical to Ao. This study provides a new application tool for coseismic landslide disaster prevention and mitigation in different stages of emergency rescue, temporary resettlement, and late reconstruction after a major earthquake. © Author(s) 2023.
INDEX KEYWORDS: earthquake event; hazard assessment; landslide; reconstruction; China
REFERENCES: Allstadt, Kate E., Improving near-real-time coseismic landslide models: Lessons learned from the 2016 Kaikōura, New Zealand, earthquake, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 108, 3B, pp. 1649-1664, (2018); 
Bai, Shibiao, Landslide susceptibility assessment of the Youfang catchment using logistic regression, Journal of Mountain Science, 12, 4, pp. 816-827, (2015); 
Bragagnolo, Lucimara, Landslide susceptibility mapping with r.landslide: A free open-source GIS-integrated tool based on Artificial Neural Networks, Environmental Modelling and Software, 123, (2020); 
Brenning, Alexander, Spatial prediction models for landslide hazards: Review, comparison and evaluation, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 5, 6, pp. 853-862, (2005); 
Broeckx, Jente, A data-based landslide susceptibility map of Africa, Earth-Science Reviews, 185, pp. 102-121, (2018); 
Cao, Juan, Susceptibility assessment of landslides triggered by earthquakes in the Western Sichuan Plateau, Catena, 175, pp. 63-76, (2019); 
Chen, Lichun, The MS7.1 Yushu earthquake surface rupture and large historical earthquakes on the Garzê-Yushu Fault, Chinese Science Bulletin, 55, 31, pp. 3504-3509, (2010); 
Cheng, Jia, A new prediction model of seismic hazard for the Sichuan-Yunnan region based on the occurrence rate of large earthquakes, Acta Geophysica Sinica, 63, 3, pp. 1170-1182, (2020); 
China Earthquake Networks Center the Distribution of Seismic Intensity; 
Cui, Peng, The 12 May Wenchuan earthquake-induced landslide lakes: Distribution and preliminary risk evaluation, Landslides, 6, 3, pp. 209-223, (2009)
PUBLISHER: Copernicus Publications
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Bai, X., Dai, Y., Zhou, Q., Yang, Z.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Bai, Xianfu (56720696400); Dai, Yuqian (56510762300); Zhou, Qingyun (55705027300); Yang, Zhiquan (56171368600)
56720696400; 56510762300; 55705027300; 56171368600
An MDT-based rapid assessment method for the spatial distribution of trafficable sections of roads hit by earthquake-induced landslides
(2023) Frontiers in Earth Science, 11, art. no. 1287577, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.3389/feart.2023.1287577
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85175567734&doi=10.3389%2Ffeart.2023.1287577&partnerID=40&md5=3414797420051f350df9545008775c07

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Earthquake Prediction, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing, China; Yunnan Earthquake Agency, Kunming, China; Earthquake and Disaster Reduction Bureau of Xishan District, Kunming, China; Faculty of Public Safety and Emergency Management, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
ABSTRACT: In mountainous areas, roads are often damaged by earthquake-induced landslides (EL). The degree of road damage and the existing functional state will have a very important impact on the whole earthquake relief work. However, this question has long been plaguing scientists engaged in the risk assessment. Now, an MDT-based rapid assessment method for the spatial distribution of trafficable sections of roads (TSR) hit by EL is proposed. The method mainly consists of three procedures: 1) Demarcate the road sections in the evaluated region; 2) Create the data for earthquake-induced landslide sensitivity level for the evaluated region; 3) Use the sample data to devise the MDT model for the TSR hit by EL and calculate the trafficability of road sections. This method was applied in the study of the 2008 Wenchuan Ms 8.0, the 2014 Ludian Ms 6.5, the 2012 Yiliang Ms 5.6 and Ms 5.7 earthquake-stricken regions. The case of Wenchuan earthquake was adopted to establish the method. The cares of Ludian and Yiliang were used to evaluate whether the method could be transplanted into similar regions. The p-value and the kappa coefficient were used to test and evaluate the significance and the consistence of the actual situation. Our results suggest: ⅰ) The Wenchuan evaluated region had the p-value 2.52 × 10−203 and the kappa coefficient 0.91. Less than 1% of the road sections that were inferred to be trafficable with the established method were actually interrupted by EL. The interruptions in the road sections that were inferred to be un-trafficable were 12 times of those in the other road sections. ⅱ) The Ludian and Yiliang earthquake-stricken regions had the p-value 9.7 × 10−107 and the kappa coefficient 0.81. Only 1.31% of the road sections that were trafficable according to the calculation results of the model had been actually interrupted by EL. The interruptions caused by EL in the un-trafficable road sections according to the calculation results were 5.2 times of those in the trafficable road sections. This method could be applied in other similar regions when a certain error was permitted. © © 2023 Bai, Dai, Zhou and Yang.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: earthquake-induced landslides; model; multivariate decision tree; rapid assessment; road trafficability
INDEX KEYWORDS: earthquake event; earthquake magnitude; error analysis; induced seismicity; multivariate analysis; Sichuan earthquake 2008; spatial distribution; traffic congestion
REFERENCES: An, Jiwen, Prediction of highway blockage caused by earthquake-induced landslides for improving earthquake emergency response, Natural Hazards, 79, 1, pp. 511-536, (2015); 
Journal of Seismological Research, (2015); 
Bai, Xianfu, Study on the emergency evaluation of earthquake influence field, Journal of Natural Disasters, 23, 4, pp. 91-102, (2014); 
J Seismol Res, (2021); 
Capolongo, Domenico, Evaluating earthquake-triggered landslide hazard at the basin scale through GIS in the Upper Sele river Valley, Surveys in Geophysics, 23, 6, pp. 595-625, (2002); 
Study on Emergency Evaluation to Damaged Roads and Its Application Based on Uav Image in the Earthquake Area, (2013); 
Chousianitis, Konstantinos G., Predictive model of Arias intensity and Newmark displacement for regional scale evaluation of earthquake-induced landslide hazard in Greece, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 65, pp. 11-29, (2014); 
Dai, Yuqian, A rapid assessment method for earthquake-induced landslide casualties based on GIS and logistic regression model∗, Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk, 13, 1, pp. 222-248, (2022); 
Del Gaudio, Vincenzo, Analysis of seismic hazard in landslide-prone regions: Criteria and example for an area of Daunia (southern Italy), Natural Hazards, 61, 1, pp. 203-215, (2012); 
Havenith, Hans Balder, Analysis of landslide susceptibility in the Suusamyr region, Tien Shan: Statistical and geotechnical approach, Landslides, 3, 1, pp. 39-50, (2006)
PUBLISHER: Frontiers Media SA
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Mubarak, N., Kumar, R.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Mubarak, Nadia (58553494400); Kumar, Ritesh (57198684646)
58553494400; 57198684646
Preliminary Studies on Developing a Physics-Based Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics Model for Landslides
(2023) Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 331 LNCE, pp. 51 - 63, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-1579-8_5
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85169032133&doi=10.1007%2F978-981-99-1579-8_5&partnerID=40&md5=0473c617e6a068bf6fd0907af53f95ef

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Earthquake Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, UK, India
ABSTRACT: Landslides triggered by earthquakes pose a major threat worldwide, in terms of economic loss and causalities. In order to effectively mitigate this hazard, it is requisite to carry out Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) of landslides wherein the probability of landslide occurrence and the post-failure scenario both can be studied in detail. The devastating effects of any landslide can be attributed to its post-failure phase which involves large deformations, and due to the complex nature of these deformations, it is difficult to model them using slope stability methods like the Limit Equilibrium or the Finite Element Method (FEM). The presented work aims at studying the behavior of landslides triggered by seismic action and exploring the applicability of the mesh-free computational method, Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) in predicting the size of landslides, in terms of volume and run-out distance. To achieve the said objective, slopes in vulnerable areas shall be analyzed using SPH; a threshold value for sliding mass volume and runout distance shall be chosen based on some prominent works to decide on the stability of a given slope. Hence, the objective of getting an insight into the entire process of landslides, right from the initiation phase to the final consequences, shall be achieved. This particular article includes a preliminary study carried out to assess the applicability of our initial model and to gauge its performance when applied to the real-life scenario. For that purpose, the famous Daguangbao landslide triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake has been modeled, and the results have been found to be in good agreement with the field data. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Earthquake; Landslides; Runout distance; SPH; Volume
INDEX KEYWORDS: Earthquakes; Hydrodynamics; Losses; Risk assessment; Risk perception; Devastating effects; Economic loss; Failure scenarios; Larger deformations; Physics-based; Quantitative risk assessment; Runout distances; Smoothed particle hydrodynamics; Smoothed particle hydrodynamics modeling; Volume; Landslides
REFERENCES: Bui, Ha H., An improved SPH method for saturated soils and its application to investigate the mechanisms of embankment failure: Case of hydrostatic pore-water pressure, International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, 37, 1, pp. 31-50, (2013); 
Bui, Ha H., Lagrangian meshfree particles method (SPH) for large deformation and failure flows of geomaterial using elastic-plastic soil constitutive model, International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, 32, 12, pp. 1537-1570, (2008); 
Bui, Ha H., Slope stability analysis and discontinuous slope failure simulation by elasto-plastic smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH), Geotechnique, 61, 7, pp. 565-574, (2011); 
Chen, Wei, Simulation of earthquake-induced slope deformation using SPH method, International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, 38, 3, pp. 297-330, (2014); 
Griffiths, D. V., Probabilistic slope stability analysis by finite elements, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering - ASCE, 130, 5, pp. 507-518, (2004); 
Griffiths, D. V., Influence of spatial variability on slope reliability using 2-D random fields, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering - ASCE, 135, 10, pp. 1367-1378, (2009); 
Griffiths, D. V., Seepage beneath water retaining structures founded on spatially random soil, Geotechnique, 43, 4, pp. 577-587, (1993); 
Hiraoka, Nobutaka, Seismic slope failure modelling using the mesh-free SPH method, International Journal of GEOMATE, 5, 1, pp. 660-665, (2013); 
Hu, Man, GIS Enabled SPH-Soil Modeling for the Post-Failure Flow of Landslides under Seismic Loadings, International Journal of Computational Methods, 15, 6, (2018)
PUBLISHER: Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
CONFERENCE NAME: 17th International Symposium on Earthquake Engineering, SEE 2022
CONFERENCE DATE: 2022-11-14 through 2022-11-17
CONFERENCE LOCATION: Roorkee
CONFERENCE CODE: 297349
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Xiong, C., Yin, Y., Cui, F., Luo, W., Li, H., Li, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Xiong, Chen (57215601394); Yin, Yueping (55687306100); Cui, Fangpeng (24279638600); Luo, Wei (58453692000); Li, Haowen (57382268800); Li, Jiangshan (57381210400)
57215601394; 55687306100; 24279638600; 58453692000; 57382268800; 57381210400
Damage features and dynamic formation mechanism of the Tangjiashan landslide triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake with a composite hypocenter
(2023) Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk, 14 (1), art. no. 2232081, Cited 5 times.
DOI: 10.1080/19475705.2023.2232081
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85164007582&doi=10.1080%2F19475705.2023.2232081&partnerID=40&md5=a5ef6571a62c803ee853c62db73c68b4

AFFILIATIONS: College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology, Beijing, Beijing, China; National Engineering Research Center of Coal Mine Water Hazard Controlling, Beijing, Beijing, China; Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: The Wenchuan earthquake triggered many landslides, which caused many casualties and led to considerable property losses. Due to the compositionality of the hypocenter mechanism of the Wenchuan earthquake, research on the effects of a composite hypocenter on the dynamic responses of landslides is urgently necessary. Using geological field investigations, a block discrete element method simulation, and related theoretical analysis, the dynamic formation mechanism and main controlling mechanical factors of the Tangjiashan landslide were revealed. The results demonstrated the following. Firstly, the dynamic responses of the slope involved progressive deformation, critical failure, disintegration, fragmentation, collision, climb, return, and accumulation. Secondly, when the earthquake lasted for approximately 23 s, the critical failure occurred, and the sliding mass near the shoulder reached a vertical acceleration of approximately 2.8 g at this time. Thirdly, the second and third subhypocenters contributed to the progressive deformation and critical failure, and vertical seismic forces were dominant contributions to these responses. Fourthly, the disintegration, fragmentation, collision, climb, return, and accumulation were mainly controlled by the self-gravity and local topography and were slightly influenced by subhypocenters. Based on these conclusions, the study of the dynamic formation mechanism of this type of landslide has increased the level of understanding. © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: block discrete element method simulation; Composite hypocenter; dynamic response mechanism; hypocenter mechanism; Tangjiashan landslide
INDEX KEYWORDS: Disintegration; Dynamic response; Dynamics; Earthquakes; Topography; Block discrete element method simulation; Composite hypocenter; Discrete element method simulations; Dynamic response mechanism; Formation mechanism; Hypocenter mechanism; Hypocentre; Response mechanisms; Tangjiashan landslides; Landslides
REFERENCES: Cao, Yanbo, Discrete element simulation of deformation and movement mechanism for Tangjiashan landslide, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 30, SUPPL. 1, pp. 2878-2887, (2011); 
Chang, Ming, Hazard assessment of debris flows in the Wenchuan earthquake-stricken area, South West China, Landslides, 14, 5, pp. 1783-1792, (2017); 
Chigira, Masahiro, Landslides induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China, Geomorphology, 118, 3-4, pp. 225-238, (2010); 
Cui, Fangpeng, Discrete element analysis of collapsing and sliding response of slope triggered by time difference coupling effects of P and S seismic waves - Taking Tangjiashan landslide in beichuan county for example, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 29, 2, pp. 319-327, (2010); 
Cui, Fangpeng, Dynamic response of the Daguangbao landslide triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake with a composite hypocenter, Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk, 12, 1, pp. 2170-2193, (2021); 
Cui, Fangpeng, Dynamic response of slope based on fracture mechanisms of strip-shape hypocenter, Yantu Lixue/Rock and Soil Mechanics, 39, 1, pp. 320-330, (2018); 
Study of Collapsing and Sliding Response of Slope Triggered by Single and Combined Action with Time Difference of P and S Seismic Waves, (2009); 
Proceedings of the Symposium of the International Society of Rock Mechanics, (1971); 
Dai, Fuchu, Rock avalanches triggered by oblique-thrusting during the 12 May 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Geomorphology, 132, 3-4, pp. 300-318, (2011); 
Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011)
PUBLISHER: Taylor and Francis Ltd.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Peng, C., Yin, Z.-Q., Zhang, X.-J., Shao, H., Pang, M.-F.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Peng, Chao (58113700100); Yin, Zhiqiang (57225702086); Zhang, Xujiao (55846850100); Shao, Hai (57200045499); Pang, Mingfei (58113746300)
58113700100; 57225702086; 55846850100; 57200045499; 58113746300
A comparative study of the main factors controlling geohazards induced by 10 strong earthquakes in Western China since the Wenchuan earthquake in 2008
(2023) China Geology, 6 (1), pp. 70 - 84, Cited 9 times.
DOI: 10.31035/cg2022009
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85148676946&doi=10.31035%2Fcg2022009&partnerID=40&md5=ba420482689ac4fa34f6989328965ec5

AFFILIATIONS: China University of Geosciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China; China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
ABSTRACT: Determining the main controlling factors of earthquake-triggered geohazards is a prerequisite for studying earthquake geohazards and post-disaster emergency response. By studying these factors, the geomorphic and geological factors controlling the nature, condition, and distribution of earthquake-induced geohazards can be analyzed. Such insights facilitate earthquake disaster prediction and emergency response planning. The authors combined field investigations and spatial data analysis to examine geohazards induced by seismic events, examining ten earthquakes including the Wenchuan, Yushu, Lushan events, to elucidate the main control factors of seismic geohazard. The authors observed that seismic geohazard occurrence is usually affected by many factors, among which active nature of the seismogenic fault, seismic peak ground acceleration (PGA), topographic slope and geomorphic height differences, and distance from the fault zone and river system are the most important. Compared with strike-slip earthquakes, thrust earthquakes induce more high-altitude and high-speed remote landslides, which can cause great harm. Slopes of 0°–40° are prone to secondary seismic geohazards, which are mainly concentrated 0–6 km from the river system. Secondary geohazards are not only related to seismogenic fault but also influenced by the associated faults in the earthquake area. The maximum seismic PGA and secondary seismic geohazard number are positively correlated, and the horizontal and vertical ground motions play leading and promoting roles in secondary geohazard formation, respectively. Through the research, the spatial distribution of seismic geohazards is predicted, providing a basis for the formulation of emergency response plans following disasters. ©2023 China Geology Editorial Office. © 2023 Editorial Office of China Geology. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co. Ltd.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Comparative study; Geohazards; Geological disater survey engineering; Main control factors; Wenchuan earthquake; Western China
INDEX KEYWORDS: comparative study; earthquake prediction; geological survey; ground motion; seismic hazard; Sichuan earthquake 2008; spatial distribution; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Acta Geologica Sinica, (2009); 
Cui, Peng, The 12 May Wenchuan earthquake-induced landslide lakes: Distribution and preliminary risk evaluation, Landslides, 6, 3, pp. 209-223, (2009); 
Chen, Xiaoli, The main factors causing the seismic landslide distribution difference on two sides of the faults-A case study of landslide distribution in Beichuan area, Acta Geophysica Sinica, 54, 3, pp. 737-746, (2011); 
Cui, Shenghua, Geological and morphological study of the Daguangbao landslide triggered by the Ms. 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Geomorphology, 370, (2020); 
Chinese Journal of Geophysics, (1999); 
Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2009); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2014); 
Han, Yongshun, Susceptibility of mountain hazards triggered by Wenchuan Earthquake to topographic factors, Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 42, SUPPL. 1, pp. 15-21, (2010); 
Li, Xiaojun, Preliminary analysis of strong-motion recordings from the magnitude 8.0 Wenchuan, China, Earthquake of 12 May 2008, Seismological Research Letters, 79, 6, pp. 844-854, (2008)
PUBLISHER: KeAi Communications Co.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Yang, Z., Zhao, X., Chen, M., Zhang, J., Yang, Y., Chen, W., Bai, X., Wang, M., Wu, Q.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Yang, Zhiquan (56171368600); Zhao, Xuguang (58074583800); Chen, Mao (57324797200); Zhang, Jie (57221657320); Yang, Yi (57171922700); Chen, Wentao (57216456893); Bai, Xianfu (56720696400); Wang, Miaomiao (58075638600); Wu, Qi (58073790500)
56171368600; 58074583800; 57324797200; 57221657320; 57171922700; 57216456893; 56720696400; 58075638600; 58073790500
Characteristics, Dynamic Analyses and Hazard Assessment of Debris Flows in Niumiangou Valley of Wenchuan County
(2023) Applied Sciences (Switzerland), 13 (2), art. no. 1161, Cited 44 times.
DOI: 10.3390/app13021161
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85146675710&doi=10.3390%2Fapp13021161&partnerID=40&md5=d6f9033b7503435f96601bf2e09ce6ff

AFFILIATIONS: Faculty of Public Safety and Emergency Management, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China; Key Laboratory of Geological Disaster Risk Prevention and Control and Emergency Disaster Reduction of Ministry of Emergency Management of the People’s Republic of China, Kunming, China; Key Laboratory of Early Rapid Identification, Kunming, China; Faculty of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China; Yunnan Institute of Geological Environment Monitoring, Kunming, Yunnan, China; China Occupational Safety and Health Association, Beijing, Beijing, China; Yunnan Earthquake Agency, Kunming, Yunnan, China
ABSTRACT: Niumiangou valley, the epicenter of the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake (MS 8.0), became an area with frequent and dense debris flow disasters post-earthquake. Based on the in situ investigations after the earthquake on 14 August 2010 and a series of gathered data, characteristics and dynamic analyses of post-earthquake debris flows in Niumiangou valley were conducted, and then their hazard degree was assessed. Some research conclusions are obtained: (1) these post-earthquake debris flows have some typical characteristics, such as rainstorm viscous-type debris flow, happening usually between 11 p.m. and 5 a.m., broken out in the main channel as well as six branch gullies at the same time and also induced in the branches with good vegetation; (2) the dynamic parameters of Niumiangou debris flow (including volumetric weight, velocity, peak discharge, impact force, total amount of debris flow, total amount of solid materials washed out by single debris flow, maximum height of the debris flow rises and super elevation in bend) are relatively significant, and due to which it can be indicated that these debris flow disasters have great destructive power and harmfulness; (3) the hazard degree of debris flow in Niumiangou valley is very high, compared with the debris flows that occurred in the years of 2008 and 2013 in Niumiangou valley post-Wenchuan earthquake, and the comparison result shows that the hazard degree of debris flow in Niumiangou valley is relatively higher, which is consistent with the current situation. Therefore, according to these results, debris flows in Niumiangou valley are in the development phase and large-scale rainfall-induced debris flow disasters, with greater damage and stronger wallop, will easily occur in the rainy seasons of the 20 years after the earthquake. © 2023 by the authors.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: debris flow; dynamic analysis; formation characteristics; hazard evaluation; Niumiangou valley
REFERENCES: Fan, Xuanmei, What we have learned from the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake and its aftermath: A decade of research and challenges, Engineering Geology, 241, pp. 25-32, (2018); 
Huang, Da, Numerical modeling of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake-triggered Niumiangou landslide considering effects of pore-water pressure, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 78, 7, pp. 4713-4729, (2019); 
Cui, Shenghua, On the initiation and movement mechanisms of a catastrophic landslide triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan (Ms 8.0) earthquake in the epicenter area, Landslides, 14, 3, pp. 805-819, (2017); 
Earth Sci Front, (2012); 
Cui, Peng, The Wenchuan Earthquake (May 12, 2008), Sichuan Province, China, and resulting geohazards, Natural Hazards, 56, 1, pp. 19-36, (2011); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2010); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2009); 
Zhuang, Jianqi, Hazard assessment of debris flow valleys along Dujiangyan-Wenchuan highway after '5·12' Wenchuan devastating earthquake, Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 41, 3, pp. 131-139, (2009); 
Adv Eng Sci, (2010); 
Zhang, Ming, Dynamics of the Niumiangou Creek rock avalanche triggered by 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China, Landslides, 8, 3, pp. 363-371, (2011)
PUBLISHER: MDPI
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS; GREEN ACCEPTED OPEN ACCESS; GREEN OPEN ACCESS

Wu, S., Di, B., Ustin, S.L., Wong, M.S., Adhikari, B.R., Zhang, R., Luo, M.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wu, Shaolin (57215536172); Di, Baofeng (14057800700); Ustin, Susan L. (35570142700); Wong, Man Sing (57210337677); Adhikari, Basanta Raj (36605801800); Zhang, Ruixing (57204142808); Luo, Maoting (58072009200)
57215536172; 14057800700; 35570142700; 57210337677; 36605801800; 57204142808; 58072009200
Dynamic Characteristics of Vegetation Change Based on Reconstructed Heterogenous NDVI in Seismic Regions
(2023) Remote Sensing, 15 (2), art. no. 299, Cited 6 times.
DOI: 10.3390/rs15020299
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85146554829&doi=10.3390%2Frs15020299&partnerID=40&md5=c6d333415dfd19a78cbc620021a3090a

AFFILIATIONS: College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Institute of the Environment, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States; Research Institute for Land and Space, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Civil Engineering, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
ABSTRACT: The need to protect forests and enhance the capacity of mountain ecosystems is highlighted in the U.N.’s Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 15. The worst-hit areas of the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake in southwest China were mountainous regions with high biodiversity and the impacted area is typical of other montane regions, with the need for detecting vegetation changes following the impacts of catastrophes. While the widely used remotely sensed vegetation indicator NDVI is available from various satellite data sources, these satellites are available for different monitoring periods and durations. Combining these datasets proved challenging to make a continuous characterization of vegetation change over an extended time period. In this study, compared with linear regression, multiple linear regression, and random forest, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) performed best with an average R2 of 0.819 (leave-one-out cross-validation). Thus, the CNNs model was selected to establish the map of the overlapping periods of two remote-sensing products: SPOT-VGT NDVI and PROBA-V NDVI, to reconstruct a SPOT-VGT NDVI for the period from June 2014 to December 2018 in the worst-hit areas of the Wenchuan earthquake. We analyzed the original and reconstructed SPOT-VGT NDVI in the hard-hit areas of the Wenchuan earthquake from 1999 to 2018, and we concluded that NDVI showed an overall upward trend throughout the study period, but experienced a sharp decline in 2008 and reached its lowest value a year later (2009). Vegetation recovery was rapid from 2009 until 2011 after which, it returned to a pattern of slower natural growth (2012–2018). The Longmenshan fault zone experienced the greatest vegetation damage and initiation of recovery there has caused the overall regional average recovery to lag by 1–2 years. In areas where the land was denuded of vegetation (i.e., effectively all vegetation was stripped from the surface) after the earthquake, the damage exceeded what was experienced anywhere else in the entire study area, and by 2018 it remained unrestored. In the 15 years since the earthquake, the areas that were denuded were expected to recover to the level of restoration equivalent with the NDVI of 2007, as was the case in other earthquake-damaged regions. In addition to the earthquake and the immediate loss of vegetation, the Chinese government’s Grain for Green Policy, the elevation ranges within the region, the forest’s phenological conditions, and human activities all had an impact on vegetation recovery and restoration. The reconstructed NDVI provides a long-term continuous record, which contributes to the identifying changes that are improving predictive forest recovery models and to better vegetation management following catastrophic disturbances, such as earthquakes. © 2023 by the authors.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: landslides; NDVI reconstruction; vegetation recovery; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Biodiversity; Disasters; Ecosystems; Forestry; Linear regression; Recovery; Remote sensing; Restoration; Vegetation; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Convolutional neural network; Dynamics characteristic; Mountain ecosystems; NDVI reconstruction; Seismic regions; SPOT VGT; Vegetation change; Vegetation recovery; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes
REFERENCES: Duan, Yanan, Changes in ecosystem services in a montane landscape impacted by major earthquakes: A case study in Wenchuan earthquake-affected area, China, Ecological Indicators, 126, (2021); 
Marusig, Daniel, Correlation of field-measured and remotely sensed plant water status as a tool to monitor the risk of drought-induced forest decline, Forests, 11, 1, (2020); 
Poussin, Charlotte, Drying conditions in Switzerland–indication from a 35-year Landsat time-series analysis of vegetation water content estimates to support SDGs, Big Earth Data, 5, 4, pp. 445-475, (2021); 
Xu, Chong, Revisions of the M 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake seismic intensity map based on co-seismic landslide abundance, Natural Hazards, 69, 3, pp. 1459-1476, (2013); 
Xu, Jiuping, Meta-synthesis pattern of post-disaster recovery and reconstruction: Based on actual investigation on 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Natural Hazards, 60, 2, pp. 199-222, (2012); 
Cui, Peng, The Wenchuan Earthquake (May 12, 2008), Sichuan Province, China, and resulting geohazards, Natural Hazards, 56, 1, pp. 19-36, (2011); 
Lu, Tao, Reconstruction of the Wenchuan earthquake-damaged ecosystems: Four important questions, Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology, 16, 3, pp. 301-304, (2010); 
Acta Ecologica Sinica, (2004); 
Fan, Xuanmei, Spatio-temporal evolution of mass wasting after the 2008 Mw 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake revealed by a detailed multi-temporal inventory, Landslides, 15, 12, pp. 2325-2341, (2018); 
Wang, Ming, Diagnosis of vegetation recovery in mountainous regions after the wenchuan earthquake, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, 7, 7, pp. 3029-3037, (2014)
PUBLISHER: MDPI
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS; GREEN ACCEPTED OPEN ACCESS; GREEN OPEN ACCESS

Yin, Y., Li, B., Gao, Y., Wang, W., Zhang, S., Zhang, N.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Yin, Yueping (55687306100); Li, Bin (57283602100); Gao, Yang (57209174069); Wang, Wenpei (36912851700); Zhang, Shilin (57196467621); Zhang, Nan (56997997400)
55687306100; 57283602100; 57209174069; 36912851700; 57196467621; 56997997400
Geostructures, dynamics and risk mitigation of high-altitude and long-runout rockslides
(2023) Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, 15 (1), pp. 66 - 101, Cited 79 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jrmge.2022.11.001
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85143990520&doi=10.1016%2Fj.jrmge.2022.11.001&partnerID=40&md5=26507c3e955fc2b35445f575514135a7

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China; Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China; Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Geological Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Long-runout rockslides at high altitude could cause disaster chain in river basins and destroy towns and major infrasturctures. This paper firstly explores the initiation mechanism of high-altitude and long-runout rockslides. Two types of sliding-prone geostructure models, i.e. the fault control type in orogenic belt and the fold control type in platform area, are proposed. Then, large-scale experimental apparatus and associated numerical simulations are conducted to understanding the chain-style dynamics of rockslide-debris avalanche-debris flow. The results reveal the fragmentation effects, the rheological behaviors and the boundary layer effect of long-runout avalanche-debris flow. The dynamic characteristics of quasi-static-transition-inertia state and solid-liquid coupling in rapid movement of rockslide-debris avalanche-debris flow are investigated. Finally, the risk mitigation strategy of the non-structure and structure for resilient energy dissipation are illustrated for initiation, transition and deposition zones. The structural prevention and mitigation methods have been successfully applied to the high-altitude and long-runout rockslides in Zhouqu and Maoxian of the Wenchuan earthquake zone, as well as the other major geohazards in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its adjacent areas. © 2023 Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: High-altitude and long-runout; Large-scale experimental apparatus; Risk mitigation strategy; Rockslide; Sliding-prone geostructure; Structural prevention technique
INDEX KEYWORDS: altitude; debris avalanche; experimental study; hazard management; mitigation; orogenic belt; risk assessment; river basin; seismic zone; China; Gansu; Maoxian; Sichuan; Zhouqu
REFERENCES: Abele, Gerhard, Rockslide movement supported by the mobilization of groundwater-saturated valley floor sediments, Zeitschrift fur Geomorphologie, 41, 1, pp. 1-20, (1997); 
Usoi Landslide Dam and Lake Sarez an Assessment of Hazard and Risk in the Pamir Mountains Tajikistan, (2000); 
Anderson, Scott A., Analysis of rainfall-induced debris flows, Journal of Geotechcnical Engineering, 121, 7, pp. 544-552, (1995); 
Proc R Soc London Ser A, (1954); 
Bartali, Roberto, Stick-slip motion and high speed ejecta in granular avalanches detected through a multi-sensors flume, Engineering Geology, 195, pp. 248-257, (2015); 
Bartelt, Perry A., Fluctuation-dissipation relations for granular snow avalanches, Journal of Glaciology, 52, 179, pp. 631-643, (2006); 
Bedford, Anthony, Theories of immiscible and structured mixtures, International Journal of Engineering Science, 21, 8, pp. 863-960, (1983); 
Bouchut, François, On new erosion models of Savage-Hutter type for avalanches, Acta Mechanica, 199, 1-4, pp. 181-208, (2008); 
Bowman, Elisabeth T., Physical models of rock avalanche spreading behaviour with dynamic fragmentation, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 49, 4, pp. 460-476, (2012); 
Broeckx, Jente, Landslide mobilization rates: A global analysis and model, Earth-Science Reviews, 201, (2020)
PUBLISHER: Chinese Academy of Sciences
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Hu, X., Yang, F., Hu, K., Ding, M., Liu, S., Li, L.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Hu, Xudong (57204681802); Yang, Feng (57931602600); Hu, Kaiheng (55648903800); Ding, Miao (57931742000); Liu, Shuang (59157702500); Li, Wei (57213859807)
57204681802; 57931602600; 55648903800; 57931742000; 59157702500; 57213859807
Estimating the debris-flow magnitude using landslide sediment connectivity, Qipan catchment, Wenchuan County, China
(2023) Catena, 220, art. no. 106689, Cited 14 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.catena.2022.106689
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85140048111&doi=10.1016%2Fj.catena.2022.106689&partnerID=40&md5=300e390233febcd4190580ce31100ce0

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Geological Hazards on Three Gorges Reservoir Area, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China; China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China; College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China; Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: In an earthquake disturbed basin, the earthquake-induced landslides’ connectivity with debris-flow channels determines the landslide sediment volume that is transported into debris flows, and the debris-flow magnitude as well. In this study, the index of sediment connectivity (IC) was used to analyze the evolution of landslide sediment transport capacity. A normalized IC was developed to quantify the movable volume of the landslide sediment available for debris flows. Combined with a landslide empirical relationship, sediment connectivity calculation, particle model, and numerical algorithm, two debris-flow events after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake were simulated for the Qipan catchment. The results show good agreement between the simulated and observed debris-flow magnitudes of peak discharges, inundated areas, and depths with approximately 9% average error, which indicates that the normalized landslide connectivity index is suitable for estimating the movable volume. Moreover, the IC and landslide characteristics (area and location) showed significant negative correlations, indicating that the spatial connectivity of landslide sediment generally decayed over time, with a corresponding reduction in debris-flow magnitude. © 2022 Elsevier B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris-flow magnitude; Landslide connectivity; Sediment transport capacity; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: debris flow; earthquake event; earthquake magnitude; landslide; sediment transport; Sichuan earthquake 2008; China
REFERENCES: Bardou, Éric, Influence of the connectivity with permafrost on the debris-flow triggering in high-alpine environment, International Conference on Debris-Flow Hazards Mitigation: Mechanics, Prediction, and Assessment, Proceedings, pp. 13-21, (2011); 
Benda, Lee E., Stochastic forcing of sediment supply to channel networks from landsliding and debris flow, Water Resources Research, 33, 12, pp. 2849-2863, (1997); 
Borselli, L., Prolegomena to sediment and flow connectivity in the landscape: A GIS and field numerical assessment, Catena, 75, 3, pp. 268-277, (2008); 
Bovis, Michael J., The role of debris supply conditions in predicting debris flow activity, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 24, 11, pp. 1039-1054, (1999); 
Bracken, Louise J., Sediment connectivity: A framework for understanding sediment transfer at multiple scales, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 40, 2, pp. 177-188, (2015); 
Cavalli, Marco, Geomorphometric assessment of spatial sediment connectivity in small Alpine catchments, Geomorphology, 188, pp. 31-41, (2013); 
Chen, Jun, Open access to Earth land-cover map, Nature, 514, 7253, (2014); 
Interpolating Surfaces in Arcgis Spatial Analyst, (2004); 
Cui, Peng, The Wenchuan Earthquake (May 12, 2008), Sichuan Province, China, and resulting geohazards, Natural Hazards, 56, 1, pp. 19-36, (2011); 
undefined, (2010)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Jin, W., Cui, P., Zhang, G., Wang, J., Zhang, Y., Zhang, P.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Jin, Wen (57208353895); Cui, Peng (56706923500); Zhang, Guotao (57188966463); Wang, Jiao (56018364500); Zhang, Yunxia (59647780500); Zhang, Peng (59610752700)
57208353895; 56706923500; 57188966463; 56018364500; 59647780500; 59610752700
Evaluating the post-earthquake landslides sediment supply capacity for debris flows
(2023) Catena, 220, art. no. 106649, Cited 32 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.catena.2022.106649
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85139867501&doi=10.1016%2Fj.catena.2022.106649&partnerID=40&md5=f0212e73312cfe1e61ba6a5b2b5aeebc

AFFILIATIONS: National Disaster Reduction Center of China, Ministry of Emergency Management, Beijing, Beijing, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; CAS-HEC, Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan; Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Earthquake-triggered landslides provide sufficient loose material for the formation of subsequent debris flow events in earthquake-affected catchments. The landslides sediment supply capacity (SSC) for debris flows plays an important role in post-earthquake sediment transportation, which is influenced by landslide location during different post-earthquake periods. In this study, the logarithmic slope–area diagram was used to distinguish hillslope and channel processes in catchments affected by the Wenchuan earthquake, adopting a threshold between hillslopes and channels set at 1 km2. In comparison with the existing structural sediment delivery ratio (SDR), it was found that the SSC assessed using the SDR showed a decreasing trend of power exponent as distance increased, effectively eliminating the impact of earthquake-triggered sediment supply. To efficiently assess the SSC of post-earthquake landslides for debris flows, we proposed a novel dimensionless index, namely Mean Landslide Sediment Delivery Ratio (MLSDR), by considering the impact of earthquakes and eliminating the impact of catchment area. It was found that, the SSC of coseismic landslides assessed by the MLSDR in catchments affected by the Wenchuan earthquake could better reflect seismic impact, with higher values concentrated along the seismogenic fault of the earthquake, thereby highlighting the satisfactory applicability of the method in the Wenchuan earthquake-affected area. Moreover, it was found that the proposed index had a reasonable corresponding relationship with debris flow development in Wenchuan earthquake-affected catchments, mainly for values of 0.2 ≤ MLSDR<inf>out</inf> ≤ 2.25 and 0.3 ≤ MLSDR<inf>channel</inf> ≤ 4.5, which could help identify potential debris flow development. The controlling factors of long-term changes in coseismic and post-earthquake SSC in the Wenchuan earthquake-affected region were assessed. It was found that SSC was controlled by earthquakes during first three years and subsequently controlled by precipitation and grain composition. This study will strengthen the understandings of the long-term evolution of post-earthquake debris flow. © 2022
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Hillslope–channel connectivity; Post-earthquake landslide; Sediment supply capacity; Spatio-temporal evolution; The Wenchuan earthquake-affected area
INDEX KEYWORDS: catchment; debris flow; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Water and Land Security in Drylands, (2025); 
Bertrand, Mélanie, Debris-flow susceptibility of upland catchments, Natural Hazards, 67, 2, pp. 497-511, (2013); 
Bhushan, Shashank, Assessing controls on mass budget and surface velocity variations of glaciers in Western Himalaya, Scientific Reports, 8, 1, (2018); 
Borselli, L., Prolegomena to sediment and flow connectivity in the landscape: A GIS and field numerical assessment, Catena, 75, 3, pp. 268-277, (2008); 
Bovis, Michael J., The role of debris supply conditions in predicting debris flow activity, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 24, 11, pp. 1039-1054, (1999); 
Bracken, Louise J., Concepts of hydrological connectivity: Research approaches, Pathways and future agendas, Earth-Science Reviews, 119, pp. 17-34, (2013); 
Brardinoni, Francesco, Colluvial sediment dynamics in mountain drainage basins, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 284, 3-4, pp. 310-319, (2009); 
Cavalli, Marco, Geomorphometric assessment of spatial sediment connectivity in small Alpine catchments, Geomorphology, 188, pp. 31-41, (2013); 
undefined, (2021); 
Chang, Ming, Hazard assessment of debris flows in the Wenchuan earthquake-stricken area, South West China, Landslides, 14, 5, pp. 1783-1792, (2017)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Tian, S., Fu, G., Cheng, X.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Tian, Shujun (36609420200); Fu, Guoxun (59898283100); Cheng, Xiaosong (59136016600)
36609420200; 59898283100; 59136016600
Reactivation and Deformation Characteristics of Co-seismic Landslide by Wenchuan Earthquake 汶川大地震同震滑坡复活变形特征研究
(2023) Journal of Catastrophology, 38 (1), pp. 50 - 56, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-811X.2023.01.009
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-105005178348&doi=10.3969%2Fj.issn.1000-811X.2023.01.009&partnerID=40&md5=b078526d41a16275ceb580c9e34fee2c

AFFILIATIONS: School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Reactivation of co-seismic landslides is characterized by uncertainty, concealment and wide area of regional distribution, which is often overlooked and easily becomes a blind area for disaster prevention and mitigation. This paper classifies The types of reactivation of co-seismic landslides are classified as slope toe erosiontype and slope surface rainfall type according to the location of the deposit where the deformation of co-seismic landslides is reactivated and the main triggering factors. Based on InSAR technology, UAV multi-phase aerial photography and ground survey data, the deformation characteristics, process and causes of the landslide in Qinglingou and Shabacun are analysed respectively. The toe of slope type mainly deforms and reactivates in the mode of "gully erosion - slope slip - slope retreat" ; the surface of slope type is deformed and reactivated in the mode of "particle transport - infiltration enhancement - particle coarsening - slip surface development". The application of InSAR technology to the monitoring of large - scale and long-time series deformation of co-seismic landslides is not only an effective means for the study of deformation and reactivation of co-seismic landslides, but also of great significance for the evaluation, prediction and prevention of geological hazards. © 2023 Shaanxi Earthquake Agency. All rights reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: co-seismic landslide; deformation characteristics; InSAR; reactivation mode; Wenchuan earthquake
REFERENCES: Parker, Robert N., Mass wasting triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake is greater than orogenic growth, Nature Geoscience, 4, 7, pp. 449-452, (2011); 
Zebker, Howard A., On the derivation of coseismic displacement fields using differential radar interferometry: the Landers earthquake, Journal of Geophysical Research, 99, B10, pp. 19-634, (1994); 
Ferretti, Alessandro, Nonlinear subsidence rate estimation using permanent scatterers in differential SAR interferometry, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 38, 5 I, pp. 2202-2212, (2000); 
Ferretti, Alessandro, Permanent Scatterers in SAR interferometry, Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, 3869, pp. 139-145, (1999); 
Berardino, Paolo, A new algorithm for surface deformation monitoring based on small baseline differential SAR interferograms, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 40, 11, pp. 2375-2383, (2002)
PUBLISHER: Shaanxi Earthquake Agency
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Shi, W.-G., Xu, W., Yin, J.-H., Zheng, Y.-G.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Shi, Wenfang (58193266400); Xu, Wei (56491797700); Yin, Jinhui (7401693283); Zheng, Yonggang (55713154900)
58193266400; 56491797700; 7401693283; 55713154900
SCHMIDT HAMMER EXPOSURE AGE DATING OF ANCIENT EARTHQUAKE-INDUCED BEDROCK LANDSLIDES AND ROCK AVALANCHES IN THE NORTHERN MARGIN OF QINLING MOUNTAINS 秦岭北缘古地震基岩崩塌和滑坡施密特锤暴露年龄
(2022) Dizhen Dizhi, 44 (6), pp. 1384 - 1402, Cited 1 times.
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2022.06.003
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85153379474&doi=10.3969%2Fj.issn.0253-4967.2022.06.003&partnerID=40&md5=399acac7f1156187d15d3204b69c456c

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics, Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing, China; China Earthquake Disaster Prevention Center, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: It is difficult to use traditional trenching and field geological investigation to yield the age of paleoseismic events along active fault in western mountainous areas of China where the geomorphic trace mark and sediments are often eroded or altered by human activities. The recurrence interval of paleoearthquake possesses greater uncertainty. It is necessary to yield ages of paleoearthquake event from different ways and examine the reliability of paleoearthquake results. In these regions, an earthquake with magnitude greater than 7 can produce rock avalanches around 200 ~ 400km away from the epicenter, such as the Wenchuan earthquake in 2008, due to their structure setting of strong neotectonic activity and the higher topographic relief. Therefore, the seismic bedrock landslide and rock avalanche can record the occurrence time, intensity and damage of strong earthquake in the mountainous area. This provides a new way to assess the frequency and intensity of paleoearthquake occurring in the intraplate continental areas ( such as the north-south seismic zone) where strong earthquakes recurred for hundreds to thousands of years based on the seismic landslide records. Identifying ancient earthquake bedrock collapse relics in Quaternary deposits and accurately determining their ages will not only help broaden the study on the recurrence history of active fault, but also assess the earthquake risk in mountainous area. As shown by previous studies, the Schmidt-hammer exposure-age dating ( SHD ) method is a relatively simple, rapid, cheap and non-destructive in-situ exposure age dating method. In this study, ancient earthquake bedrock landslides and rock avalanches with known historical records distributed on the Qinling northern piedmont fault and the Huashan piedmont fault are used to preliminarily establish the rock weathering factor with age calibration curve. The rebound values of rock surface at dozens of sampling sites of each rock avalanche and landslide are measured by Schmidt hammer and analyzed statistically. The weathering factor of the exposed rock of each rock avalanche and landslide is calculated and the solution of SHD method is discussed. The reliability of SHD is evaluated according to the measured data and the records of historical age. The main conclusions are as follows; (1) The Schmidt hammer rebound value of rock surface at three ancient earthquake bedrock landslides and rook avalanches is negatively correlated with their historical ages. The older the historical record age, the lower the average rebound value of the rock, and vice versa. Based on the statistical analysis of weathering factors of rocks of bedrock landslides and rock avalanches, a preliminary age calibration curve is obtained as T= ( 19 723±888)× f<inf>w</inf>-(2 145± 166). This curve can be used to infer the bedrock landslides and rock avalanches of more than 5×102a BP, and it provides a new relative dating method for the ancient bedrock landslide and rock avalanches within the age of 3 000a BP in the northern margin of the Qinling Mountains. (2 ) Under the climatic and lithological conditions of the northern margin of the Qinling Mountains, the relative ages of bedrock landslide and rock avalanches can discriminate the interval of millennium scale according to the rock rebound value measured by Schmidt hammer. However, it cannot distinguish the difference in weathering degree of the bedrock landslide and rock avalanches with the interval of less than 500 years. (3) The Schmidt hammer rebound value measured repeatedly on fresh rocks shows that the fluctuation range of the rebound values is small, within the value of 0-3, which is helpful to rapidly select qualified sampling sites for terrestrial in-situ cosmogenic nuclide dating ( TCND ) . Thus, the Schmidt hammer value can be used to evaluate whether the rock samples have the problem of nuclide inheritance induced by complex exposure history such as post-exposure and secondary transportation. This would introduce greater objectivity to the sample selection and possibly require less samples, thus reducing the costs; meanwhile, it will improve the dating efficiency and ensure the reliability of TCND. Therefore, SHD method is a valuable complementary method to TCND. (4 ) Under the climatic and lithological conditions in the northern margin of the Qinling Mountains, the rebound value decreases by (25%±1%) for rocks after weathering for 2ka, by ( 16% ±1%) for lka, and by (15%±1%) for 0. 5ka. © 2022 State Seismology Administration. All rights reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: northern margin of Qinling Mountains; paleoearthquake; relative dating; rock avalanche and landslide; Schmidt hammer
INDEX KEYWORDS: Earthquakes; Faulting; Hammers; Landforms; Landslides; Risk assessment; Rock mechanics; Weathering; Bedrock landslides; Exposure age; Northern margin of qinling mountain; Paleoearthquake; Qinling mountains; Rebound value; Relative dating; Rock avalanche; Rock landslide; Schmidt hammer; Rocks; active fault; bedrock; calibration; collapse structure; dating method; earthquake magnitude; historical record; induced seismicity; landslide; paleoseismicity; recurrence interval; rock avalanche; China; Qinling Mountains; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Bai, Shibiao, Geochronological analysis of fossil landslides and improvement of dating accuracy, Earth Science Frontiers, 28, 2, pp. 19-34, (2021); 
Chen, Liping, Spatial distribution of bedrock rebound value (Schmidt Hammer) across the Heihe River basin and its implication, Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 41, 2, pp. 364-373, (2019); 
Chen, Xiaoli, Study on the distribution of co-seismic landslides and terrain features in the MS6.5 Ludian earthquake affected area, Dizhen Dizhi, 43, 1, pp. 92-104, (2021); 
Quaternary Sciences, (2013); 
Fu, Bihong, Geometry and kinematics of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake surface ruptures around the Qushan Town of Beichuan County, Sichuan: Implications for mitigation of seismic and geologic disasters, Acta Geophysica Sinica, 52, 2, pp. 485-495, (2009); 
Osl Dating of Gelongbu Landslide and Its Barrier Lake Sediments in the Upper Reaches of the Yellow River D, (2015); 
1920 Haiyuan Earthquake M, (1980); 
Journal of Seismological Research, (1986); 
Journal of Science and Environment, (2006); 
Mountain Research, (2012)
PUBLISHER: State Seismology Administration
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Jin, W., Wang, H., Zhang, G., Liu, D., Wang, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Jin, Wen (57208353895); Wang, Hao (57200984649); Zhang, Guotao (57188966463); Liu, Dingzhu (57200994806); Wang, Jiao (56018364500)
57208353895; 57200984649; 57188966463; 57200994806; 56018364500
Channel Evolution Triggered by Large Flash Flood at an Earthquake-Affected Catchment
(2022) Remote Sensing, 14 (23), art. no. 6060, Cited 4 times.
DOI: 10.3390/rs14236060
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85143828708&doi=10.3390%2Frs14236060&partnerID=40&md5=734e3c8be28b50a59b175eb3779c867b

AFFILIATIONS: National Disaster Reduction Center of China, Ministry of Emergency Management, Beijing, Beijing, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; CAS-HEC, Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
ABSTRACT: Earthquakes–induced landslides generally provide abundant loose materials at hillslopes, possibly triggering morphological reshaping processes at river channels and riverbeds during the large flash flood hydrograph and bringing huge risk downstream. Therefore, in a Wenchuan earthquake-affected catchment, the collected hydro-meteorological data and high-precision small Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (sUAV) data were used to quantitatively analyze channel evolution by a large flash flood event on 25 and 26 June 2018. It was found that the stable riverbed structure formed by the armour layer appeared in the tenth year after the Wenchuan earthquake. In a confined channel, the layer can protect the channel and resist the drastic change after the flash flood event with only a small bed elevation from 0.2 m to 2 m. Without the protection of the armour, the change could reach 6 m in the unconfined channel. Meanwhile, more materials with a deposition volume of about 7450 m3 from tributaries were generally taken to the main channel, and more intense erosion with a volume of 105 m3 mostly occurred downstream of tributaries. It was noted that, in the cross-section, the increased channel width could lead to a significant change with the large volume of 35 m3. Additionally, a conceptual diagram of the generalized channel response to large flash floods was provided during multi-stage periods after the Wenchuan earthquake. It determined the rebalance processes of channel evolution in the tenth year after the earthquake. This study will contribute to understanding the post-earthquake long-term channel evolutions and could provide decision-makers of assessing the mitigation strategies for higher-magnitude flood disasters triggered by channel change in earthquake-affected watersheds. © 2022 by the authors.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: channel change; flash flood; post-Wenchuan earthquake; sUAV
INDEX KEYWORDS: Antennas; Armor; Decision making; Earthquakes; Floods; Meteorology; Runoff; Channel change; Down-stream; Earthquake-induced landslides; Flash-floods; Flood event; Hillslopes; Loose materials; Post-wenchuan earthquake; Small unmanned aerial vehicles; Wenchuan Earthquake; Catchments
REFERENCES: Marc, Odin, The mass balance of earthquakes and earthquake sequences, Geophysical Research Letters, 43, 8, pp. 3708-3716, (2016); 
Cui, Peng, The Wenchuan Earthquake (May 12, 2008), Sichuan Province, China, and resulting geohazards, Natural Hazards, 56, 1, pp. 19-36, (2011); 
Dadson, Simon J., Earthquake-triggered increase in sediment delivery from an active mountain belt, Geology, 32, 8, pp. 733-736, (2004); 
Zhang, Shuai, Evolution of Mass Movements near Epicentre of Wenchuan Earthquake, the First Eight Years, Scientific Reports, 6, (2016); 
An, Chenge, Gravel-bed river evolution in earthquake-prone regions subject to cycled hydrographs and repeated sediment pulses, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 42, 14, pp. 2426-2438, (2017); 
Zhang, Guotao, Changes in hydrological behaviours triggered by earthquake disturbance in a mountainous watershed, Science of the Total Environment, 760, (2021); 
Hapuarachchi, Hapu Arachchige Prasantha, A review of advances in flash flood forecasting, Hydrological Processes, 25, 18, pp. 2771-2784, (2011); 
Francis, Oliver R., The Fate of Sediment After a Large Earthquake, Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 127, 3, (2022); 
Bazai, Nazir Ahmed, Increasing glacial lake outburst flood hazard in response to surge glaciers in the Karakoram, Earth-Science Reviews, 212, (2021); 
Liu, Dingzhu, Assessment of local outburst flood risk from successive landslides: Case study of Baige landslide-dammed lake, upper Jinsha river, eastern Tibet, Journal of Hydrology, 599, (2021)
PUBLISHER: MDPI
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS; GREEN ACCEPTED OPEN ACCESS; GREEN OPEN ACCESS

Tian, X., Ma, X., Huang, M., Guo, Y., Yang, H., Yang, L., Chen, H., Gao, R., Li, J., Lin, Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Tian, Xue (57810483900); Ma, Xinyu (58000762200); Huang, Maowei (57811754600); Guo, Yiting (58001187200); Yang, Hongfei (58002285700); Yang, Liusheng (57223991923); Chen, Hui (57144814700); Gao, Ruoyun (57223958497); Li, Jian (47161257300); Lin, Yongming (8869314500)
57810483900; 58000762200; 57811754600; 58001187200; 58002285700; 57223991923; 57144814700; 57223958497; 47161257300; 8869314500
Spatiotemporal Dynamic Characteristics of Land Use in the Typical Watershed of Wenchuan Earthquake-Affected Areas—A Case Study in the Longxi River Basin
(2022) Sustainability (Switzerland), 14 (23), art. no. 15937, Cited 7 times.
DOI: 10.3390/su142315937
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85143765457&doi=10.3390%2Fsu142315937&partnerID=40&md5=d81b8a22076e74d33d6410fdf908f486

AFFILIATIONS: College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Key Laboratory for Forest Ecosystem Process and Management of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
ABSTRACT: Major earthquakes cause serious damage to ecosystem structure and function through their huge destructive force and subsequent geohazards. Understanding the characteristics of post-earthquake land use change is of great interest to assess the effects of ecological restoration in earthquake-affected areas. However, little is known about the consequences of land use change on a small scale due to incomplete, non-comprehensive, and sparse research data. Here, we used remote-sensing images to study the land use change characteristics of the Longxi River before and after the Wenchuan earthquake by calculating the land use dynamics degree, transition matrix, and gravity center of the Longxi River Basin from 2005 to 2015. The Wenchuan earthquake disaster did not affect the main dominance of forests. Grassland, the second dominant land type, was replaced by geohazard-induced unutilized land after the earthquake. Compared with pre-earthquake in 2005, the areas of cultivated land, forest, grassland, and water area decreased, while those of construction land and unutilized land increased in 2015. The single land use dynamic degree and spatial dynamic change degree show the highest transition intensity of other land use types to unutilized land between 2005 and 2009. However, the degrees of all land use types decreased between 2009 and 2015. Both banks of the lower reach of the Longxi River had high and developing comprehensive indexes of land use degrees during the study period. The gravity centers of grassland, construction land, water, and cultivated land changed from north to south, while forest and unutilized land had the opposite pattern. Our results provide useful information for ecological restoration, ecological security, and soil-erosion control in earthquake-affected areas. © 2022 by the authors.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: integrated land use degree; land use; land use transition matrix; Longxi River basin
INDEX KEYWORDS: earthquake; ecosystem structure; erosion control; gravity; land use change; remote sensing; spatiotemporal analysis; watershed; China; Gansu; Longxi
REFERENCES: Geographical Research, (2002); 
Foley, Jonathan A., Global consequences of land use, Science, 309, 5734, pp. 570-574, (2005); 
Li, Yuheng, Human-environment interactions in China: Evidence of land-use change in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei metropolitan region, Human Ecology Review, 20, 1, pp. 26-35, (2013); 
Bull Soil Water Conserv, (2017); 
Sathiya Bama, V. P., Coastal vulnerability assessment of Vedaranyam swamp coast based on land use and shoreline dynamics, Natural Hazards, 100, 2, pp. 829-842, (2020); 
Botezan, Camelia Sabina, The challenge of social vulnerability assessment in the context of land use changes for sustainable urban planning—Case studies: Developing cities in Romania, Land, 11, 1, (2022); 
Rao, Enming, Changes in ecosystem service of soil conservation between 2000 and 2010 and its driving factors in southwestern China, Chinese Geographical Science, 26, 2, pp. 165-173, (2016); 
Piquer-Rodríguez, María, Drivers of agricultural land-use change in the Argentine Pampas and Chaco regions, Applied Geography, 91, pp. 111-122, (2018); 
Liu, Zijing, Efficient Identification and Monitoring of Landslides by Time-Series InSAR Combining Single-and Multi-Look Phases, Remote Sensing, 14, 4, (2022); 
Nath, Biswajit, Land Use and Land Cover changes, and environment and risk evaluation of Dujiangyan city (SW China) using remote sensing and GIS techniques, Sustainability (Switzerland), 10, 12, (2018)
PUBLISHER: MDPI
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS; GREEN ACCEPTED OPEN ACCESS; GREEN OPEN ACCESS

Wang, L., Chang, M., Le, J., Xiang, L., Ni, Z.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wang, Lei (57868244900); Chang, Ming (36727157900); Le, Jian (57868587100); Xiang, Lanlan (57506716000); Ni, Zhang (57868245000)
57868244900; 36727157900; 57868587100; 57506716000; 57868245000
Two multi-temporal datasets to track debris flow after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake
(2022) Scientific Data, 9 (1), art. no. 525, Cited 17 times.
DOI: 10.1038/s41597-022-01658-y
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85137054938&doi=10.1038%2Fs41597-022-01658-y&partnerID=40&md5=209074aa6f660ca2382088474bc7ddd8

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: We provide two datasets for tracking the debris flow induced by the 2008 Wenchuan Mw 7.9 earthquake on a section of the Longmen mountains on the eastern side of the Tibetan plateau (Sichuan, China). The database was obtained through a literature review and field survey reports in the epicenter area, combined with high-resolution remote sensing image and extensive data collection and processing. The first dataset covers an area of 892 km2, including debris flows from 2008 to 2020 (an updated version). 186 debris flows affecting 79 watersheds were identified. 89 rainfall stations were collected to determine the rainfall events for the post-earthquake debris flow outbreak. The second database is a list of mitigation measures for post-earthquake debris flows, including catchment name, check dam number, coordinates, construction time, and successful mitigation date. The datasets can aid different applications, including the early warning and engineering prevention of post-earthquake debris flow, as well as provide valuable data support for research in related disciplines. © 2022, The Author(s).
INDEX KEYWORDS: China; earthquake; information processing; Data Collection; Earthquakes
REFERENCES: Keefer, David K., The importance of earthquake-induced landslides to long-term slope erosion and slope-failure hazards in seismically active regions, Geomorphology, 10, 1-4, pp. 265-284, (1994); 
Keefer, David K., Investigating landslides caused by earthquakes - A historical review, Surveys in Geophysics, 23, 6, pp. 473-510, (2002); 
Dadson, Simon J., Earthquake-triggered increase in sediment delivery from an active mountain belt, Geology, 32, 8, pp. 733-736, (2004); 
Lin, Ching-Wee Weei, Impact of Chi-Chi earthquake on the occurrence of landslides and debris flows: Example from the Chenyulan River watershed, Nantou, Taiwan, Engineering Geology, 71, 1-2, pp. 49-61, (2004); 
Parker, Robert N., Mass wasting triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake is greater than orogenic growth, Nature Geoscience, 4, 7, pp. 449-452, (2011); 
Huang, Runqiu, The landslide story, Nature Geoscience, 6, 5, pp. 325-326, (2013); 
Li, Gen, Seismic mountain building: Landslides associated with the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in the context of a generalized model for earthquake volume balance, Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 15, 4, pp. 833-844, (2014); 
Li, Gen, Earthquakes drive focused denudation along a tectonically active mountain front, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 472, pp. 253-265, (2017); 
Marc, Odin, A seismologically consistent expression for the total area and volume of earthquake-triggered landsliding, Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 121, 4, pp. 640-663, (2016); 
Huang, Runqiu, The characteristics and failure mechanism of the largest landslide triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake, May 12, 2008, China, Landslides, 9, 1, pp. 131-142, (2012)
PUBLISHER: Nature Research
DOCUMENT TYPE: Data paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS; GREEN FINAL OPEN ACCESS; GREEN OPEN ACCESS

Loche, M., Scaringi, G., Ali, A.P., Catani, F., Tanyas, H., Frodella, W., Fan, X., Lombardo, L.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Loche, Marco (57216624677); Scaringi, Gianvito (56335047900); Ali, P. Yunus (56600185700); Catani, Filippo (7003483555); Tanyas, Hakan (55631635400); Frodella, William (55256240900); Fan, Xuanmei (12752112800); Lombardo, Luigi (55270100100)
57216624677; 56335047900; 56600185700; 7003483555; 55631635400; 55256240900; 12752112800; 55270100100
Surface temperature controls the pattern of post-earthquake landslide activity
(2022) Scientific Reports, 12 (1), art. no. 988, Cited 47 times.
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-04992-8
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85122779758&doi=10.1038%2Fs41598-022-04992-8&partnerID=40&md5=6cd5aa217322a8c0bc4594c4573b1bad

AFFILIATIONS: Engineering Geology and Applied Geophysics, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Department of Geosciences, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padua, PD, Italy; Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation – ITC, Enschede, Overijssel, Netherlands; Department of Earth Sciences, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, FI, Italy
ABSTRACT: The patterns and controls of the transient enhanced landsliding that follows strong earthquakes remain elusive. Geostatistical models can provide clues on the underlying processes by identifying relationships with a number of physical variables. These models do not typically consider thermal information, even though temperature is known to affect the hydro-mechanical behavior of geomaterials, which, in turn, controls slope stability. Here, we develop a slope unit-based multitemporal susceptibility model for the epicentral region of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake to explore how land surface temperature (LST) relates to landslide patterns over time. We find that LST can explain post-earthquake landsliding while it has no visible effect on the coseismic scene, which is dominated by the strong shaking. Specifically, as the landscape progressively recovers and landslide rates decay to pre-earthquake levels, a positive relationship between LST and landslide persistence emerges. This seems consistent with the action of healing processes, capable of restoring the thermal sensitivity of the slope material after the seismic disturbance. Although analyses in other contexts (not necessarily seismic) are warranted, we advocate for the inclusion of thermal information in geostatistical modeling as it can help form a more physically consistent picture of slope stability controls. © 2022, The Author(s).
INDEX KEYWORDS: article; earthquake; landslide
REFERENCES: Fan, Xuanmei, Earthquake-Induced Chains of Geologic Hazards: Patterns, Mechanisms, and Impacts, Reviews of Geophysics, 57, 2, pp. 421-503, (2019); 
Keefer, David K., The importance of earthquake-induced landslides to long-term slope erosion and slope-failure hazards in seismically active regions, Geomorphology, 10, 1-4, pp. 265-284, (1994); 
Hovius, Niels, Prolonged seismically induced erosion and the mass balance of a large earthquake, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 304, 3-4, pp. 347-355, (2011); 
R Francis, Oliver, The impact of earthquakes on orogen-scale exhumation, Earth Surface Dynamics, 8, 3, pp. 579-593, (2020); 
Fan, Xuanmei, Spatio-temporal evolution of mass wasting after the 2008 Mw 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake revealed by a detailed multi-temporal inventory, Landslides, 15, 12, pp. 2325-2341, (2018); 
Dai, Lanxin, Coseismic Debris Remains in the Orogen Despite a Decade of Enhanced Landsliding, Geophysical Research Letters, 48, 19, (2021); 
Fan, Xuanmei, Rapidly Evolving Controls of Landslides After a Strong Earthquake and Implications for Hazard Assessments, Geophysical Research Letters, 48, 1, (2021); 
Domènech, Guillem, Modelling the role of material depletion, grain coarsening and revegetation in debris flow occurrences after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Engineering Geology, 250, pp. 34-44, (2019); 
Fan, Xuanmei, Brief communication: Post-seismic landslides, the tough lesson of a catastrophe, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 18, 1, pp. 397-403, (2018); 
Reichenbach, Paola, A review of statistically-based landslide susceptibility models, Earth-Science Reviews, 180, pp. 60-91, (2018)
PUBLISHER: Nature Research
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS; GREEN ACCEPTED OPEN ACCESS; GREEN OPEN ACCESS

Lei, J., Cui, S., Pei, X., Yang, H., Zhu, L., Yang, Q.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Lei, Jin (57932310000); Cui, Shenghua (56660242900); Pei, Xiangjun (14058672500); Yang, Hailong (57211190609); Zhu, Ling (57210012612); Yang, Qingwen (57192083411)
57932310000; 56660242900; 14058672500; 57211190609; 57210012612; 57192083411
Stress amplification of the landslide slip zone during vertical P-wave incidence based on ray theory 基于射线理论的垂直P波入射过程滑坡滑带应力放大特征及成因分析
(2022) Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology, 41 (6), pp. 149 - 161, Cited 2 times.
DOI: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.2022.0150
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85185591578&doi=10.19509%2Fj.cnki.dzkq.2022.0150&partnerID=40&md5=ba3164a7fc9150d6ce68999e86c39d2d

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: The largest landslide triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake was the Daguangbao landslide, which formed in the preinterlayer structural dislocation zone (weak layer) in the slope. The weak layer suffered strong historical structural fragmentation and produced a large area of new fractures during the earthquake. The causes of weak layer fragmentation and its control effect on the initiation of the Daguangbao landslide have always been the research focus. In this paper, by taking the Daguangbao landslide as the geological prototype, the interlaycr dislocation zone was generalized into a geological body model with a weak layer unit. Based on seismic wave ray theory, a dynamic response theoretical model of the vertical P-wave incidence process considering the wave field conversion and time delay at the top and bottom interface of the weak layer was established, and the dynamic stress amplification characteristics of the weak layer are found theoretically. Furthermore, through a shaking table physical model test, the influence law of seismic intensity and frequency on the stress amplification of the weak layer were revealed. Based on the theory and experimental structure, it was proposed that the amplitude attenuation was caused by the wave field conversion and energy distribution of the vibration wave at the top and bottom interface of the weak layer, and the time delay was caused by the difference in the medium properties between the weak layer and the upper and lower hard layers. Both of them lead to stress differentiation and superposition, which was the internal mechanism of stress amplification in the weak layer. Therefore, it was considered that the stress amplification of the preinterlayer structural dislocation zone of the Daguangbao landslide in the process of a strong earthquake led to the fragmentation of the rock mass in the zone, reduced the shear strength of the rock mass in the slip zone, and promoted the rapid start-up of the landslide in the process of a strong earthquake. © 2022 Editorial Department of Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology. All rights reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: delay time; P-wave; ray theory; shaking table test; stress concentration; weak interlayer
REFERENCES: Yang, Long, Mechanism and laws of deterioration and damage of gneisses under cyclic loading, Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology, 39, 5, pp. 55-60, (2020); 
Qi, Shengwen, Resonance effect existence or not for landslides triggered by 2008 Wenchuan earthquake: A reply to the comment by Drs. Xu Chong and Xu Xiwei, Engineering Geology, 151, pp. 128-130, (2012); 
Fan, Liuming, Transmission model of weak intercalation and its vibration isolation properties, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 24, 14, pp. 2456-2462, (2005); 
Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, (2003); 
Arid Land Geography, (2009); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2010); 
Chigira, Masahiro, Long-term gravitational deformation of rocks by mass rock creep, Engineering Geology, 32, 3, pp. 157-184, (1992); 
Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, (1999); 
Groby, Jean Philippe, Two-dimensional ground motion at a soft viscoelastic layer/hard substratum site in response to SH cylindrical seismic waves radiated by deep and shallow line sources - I. Theory, Geophysical Journal International, 163, 1, pp. 165-191, (2005); 
Groby, Jean Philippe, Two-dimensional ground motion at a soft viscoelastic layer/hard substratum site in response to SH cylindrical seismic waves radiated by deep and shallow line sources - II. Numerical results, Geophysical Journal International, 163, 1, pp. 192-224, (2005)
PUBLISHER: Editorial Department of Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Yuan, X., Liu, C., Lu, H., Nie, R., Chen, C., Liu, T., Wang, D., Tang, M., Yang, Z.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Yuan, Xinyue (57797334600); Liu, Chao (57444861000); Lu, Heng (56131247400); Nie, Ruihua (15822189300); Chen, Chen (57201037694); Liu, Tiegang (56505827500); Wang, Dong (56918729300); Tang, Min (57197825267); Yang, Zhengli (57188686820)
57797334600; 57444861000; 56131247400; 15822189300; 57201037694; 56505827500; 56918729300; 57197825267; 57188686820
Analysing Evolution Characteristics of Landslide Deposits in Shouxi River Basin in the Wenchuan Earthquake Zone 汶 川 震 区 寿 溪 河 流 域 崩 滑 物 源 演 化 特 征 分 析
(2022) Gongcheng Kexue Yu Jishu/Advanced Engineering Sciences, 54 (6), pp. 32 - 42, Cited 1 times.
DOI: 10.15961/j.jsuese.202200732
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85147526767&doi=10.15961%2Fj.jsuese.202200732&partnerID=40&md5=5453cf779191d4fd76d9454197dfa993

AFFILIATIONS: Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; China Railway Eryuan Engineering Group Co. Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Landslide deposits are one of the main sources of flash flood and sediment disaster, and their spatio-temporal distribution and evolution characteristics play an important role in the early identification of flash flood and sediment disaster areas and the study of risk areas. In order to explore the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of landslide deposits in the Wenchuan earthquake zone, this paper selected Shouxi River Basin, a typical basin in Wenchuan, as the research area, and respectively interpreted the landslide deposits based on the five stage high-resolution remote sensing images in 2007, 2009, 2012, 2015 and 2018, and established a long time series data set of “pre-earthquake and post-earthquake” landslide deposits in the research area, and combined with the key control factors such as elevation, slope, aspect, distance from channel, distance from fault and average annual precipitation, quantitatively analyzed the relationship between evolution characteristics of landslide deposits and each factor based on certainty factor model (CF), finally calculated the vegetation fraction coverage (VFC) and the vegetation coverage recovery rate (VCRR) to explore the effect of vegetation restoration on landslide deposits activities. The research results showed that the areas of landslide deposits of five stage images were 15.68×104 m2, 442.45×104 m2, 252.86×104 m2, 146.07×104 m2, 98.97×104 m2, and were attenuated by exponential function mode. In addition, the predicted time for the area of landslide deposits to recover to the pre-earthquake level is about 21 a. The area with the strongest activity of post-earthquake landslide deposits in the study area is 1200～2400 m in elevation, 60° in slope, SE in slope direction, less than 800 m in distance from channel, less than 1500 m in distance from fault and 830～850 mm in the average annual precipitation . The evolution trend is that the activity of the landslide deposits increases in the area with an elevation of more than 2000 m, a slope of less than 40°, a distance of more than 200 m from the channel,a distance of more than 1500 m from the fault, the average annual precipitation is more than 840 and decrease in the aspect of E, SE and S sides. VFC increases linearly with time after the earthquake, and it is predicted that the vegetation coverage will return to the pre-earthquake level at least 14 years after the earthquake. In 2012, 2015 and 2018, the areas with moderate or above VCRR account for 37.32%, 64.24% and 70.69%, respectively. In places with high VCRR, the activity of landslide deposits is low and decreases with time, and vegetation restoration can effectively reduce the activity of landslide deposits. The above research is of great significance to enrich the theory of landslide deposits evolution and flash flood and sediment disaster risk prediction. © 2022 Editorial Department of Journal of Sichuan University. All rights reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: flash flood and sediment disaster; landslide deposits; Shouxi River Basin; spatio-temporal evolution; vegetation recovery
INDEX KEYWORDS: Deposits; Disasters; Exponential functions; Faulting; Floods; Landforms; Landslides; Recovery; Remote sensing; Rivers; Sediments; Vegetation; Watersheds; Evolution characteristics; Flash flood and sediment disaster; Flash-floods; Flood disaster; Landslide deposits; River basins; Sediment disaster; Shouxi river basin; Spatiotemporal evolution; Vegetation recovery; Earthquakes
REFERENCES: Cheng, Jack D., Hydrometeorological and landuse attributes of debris flows and debris floods during typhoon Toraji, July 29-30, 2001 in central Taiwan, Journal of Hydrology, 306, 1-4, pp. 161-173, (2005); 
Dunning, Stuart A., The Hattian Bala rock avalanche and associated landslides triggered by the Kashmir Earthquake of 8 October 2005, Engineering Geology, 93, 3-4, pp. 130-144, (2007); 
Görüm, Tolga, Complex rupture mechanism and topography control symmetry of mass-wasting pattern, 2010 Haiti earthquake, Geomorphology, 184, pp. 127-138, (2013); 
Xu, Chong, Landslides triggered by the 20 April 2013 Lushan, China, Mw 6.6 earthquake from field investigations and preliminary analyses, Landslides, 12, 2, pp. 365-385, (2015); 
Fan, Xuanmei, Coseismic landslides triggered by the 8th August 2017 M s 7.0 Jiuzhaigou earthquake (Sichuan, China): factors controlling their spatial distribution and implications for the seismogenic blind fault identification, Landslides, 15, 5, pp. 967-983, (2018); 
Science Technology Review, (2009); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2010); 
Journal of Sediment Research, (2019); 
Huang, Runqiu, Post-earthquake landsliding and long-term impacts in the Wenchuan earthquake area, China, Engineering Geology, 182, PB, pp. 111-120, (2014); 
Görüm, Tolga, Distribution pattern of earthquake-induced landslides triggered by the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Geomorphology, 133, 3-4, pp. 152-167, (2011)
PUBLISHER: Sichuan University
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Tie, Y., Zhang, X., Lu, J., Liang, J., Wang, D., Ma, Z., Li, Z., Lu, T., Shi, S., Liu, M., Ba, R., He, L., Zhang, X., Gan, W., Chen, K., Gao, Y., Bai, Y., Gong, L., Zeng, X., Xu, W.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Tie, Yongbo (26656325300); Zhang, Xianzheng (57219298270); Lu, Jiayan (57197830266); Liang, Jingtao (35205586800); Wang, Donghui (57194684226); Ma, Zhigang (57190665580); Li, Zongliang (56075326500); Lu, Tuo (57673649000); Shi, Shengwei (59594226100); Liu, Minsheng (58315952300); Ba, Renji (36630009800); He, Longjiang (58399823900); Zhang, Xinke (58401198400); Gan, Wei (58090764300); Chen, Kai (58404638700); Gao, Yanchao (8404219500); Bai, Yongjian (41861091800); Gong, Lingfeng (57215612725); Zeng, Xiaowen (58400507000); Xu, Wei (55338147000)
26656325300; 57219298270; 57197830266; 35205586800; 57194684226; 57190665580; 56075326500; 57673649000; 59594226100; 58315952300; 36630009800; 58399823900; 58401198400; 58090764300; 58404638700; 8404219500; 41861091800; 57215612725; 58400507000; 55338147000
Characteristics of geological hazards and it’s mitigations of the Ms6.8 earthquake in Luding County, Sichuan Province 四川省泸定县 Ms6.8 级地震地质灾害发育规律与减灾对策
(2022) Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, 49 (6), pp. 1 - 12, Cited 39 times.
DOI: 10.16030/j.cnki.issn.1000-3665.202209023
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85147498822&doi=10.16030%2Fj.cnki.issn.1000-3665.202209023&partnerID=40&md5=b62ca0b4996d46d2cd16d7d62bdc5461

AFFILIATIONS: China Geological Survey, Beijing, Beijing, China; School of Engineering and Technology, Beijing, China; Sichuan Geological Survey, Chengdu, China; Sichuan Institute of Land and Space Ecological Restoration and Geological Hazard Prevention, Chengdu, China; Institute of Exploration Technology, CAGS, Chengdu, China; Application Center of Geological Survey, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: On September 5th, 2022, the Ms 6.8 earthquake in Luding County, Sichuan Province induced large numbers of geological hazards. In order to deeply understand the evolution, distribution, and characteristics of geological hazards caused by the earthquake, we obtained the distribution of geological hazards by the field investigation and remote sensing interpretation. The conditions for hazard control and the countermeasures for hazard prevention and reduction are also analyzed. The results show that as of 22:00 on September 14, 2022, the earthquake has induced 565 geological hazards with threat objects in Luding County and Shimian County (including 331 collapses and 234 landslides), and 81 existing geological hazards whose deformation increased. The geological hazards induced by the earthquake are mainly medium and small mass high-level collapses, which are mainly concentrated in the areas with Seismic intensity zone of Ⅸ near the epicenter. These areas include Moxi Town, Detuo Township, both banks of Dadu River between Detuo Township and Dewei town in Luding County, Caoke Township and Wanggangping Township in Shimian County. According to the experience of the Wenchuan earthquake, the debris flow will be active in the next five years, and its characteristics of high frequency and viscous debris flow should be considered in the design of debris flow prevention and control engineering. Under the rainfall condition, the landslide deposition remaining on the slopes of Dadu River banks in the section of Detuo Township—Dewei Town can easily transform into debris flow. The transformation forms of the two hazards’ types should be fully considered in the design of prevention and control projects. The study can provide a reference for earthquake geological hazard prevention and post hazard reconstruction planning in the earthquake area. © 2022 Editorial Office of Hydrogeology and Engineering. All rights reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: co-seismic geological hazards; evolution trend; hazard control conditions; hazard mitigation countermeasures; Ms 6.8 earthquake in Luding County
REFERENCES: China Earthquake Engineering Journal, (2022); 
Democracy and Science, (2017); 
China Earthquake Engineering Journal, (2016); 
China Earthquake Engineering Journal, (2013); 
Yang, Zhihua, Predicting seismic landslide hazard in the Batang fault zone of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, 48, 5, pp. 91-101, (2021); 
Gong, Jianhuaa Hua, Earthquake-induced geological hazards detection under hierarchical stripping classification framework in the Beichuan area, Landslides, 7, 2, pp. 181-189, (2010); 
Li, Mingwei, Spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of landslides in debris flow catchment in Beichuan County in the Wenchuan earthquake zone, Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, 47, 3, pp. 182-190, (2020); 
Lai, Carlo Giovanni, Technical guidelines for the assessment of earthquake induced liquefaction hazard at urban scale, Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 19, 10, pp. 4013-4057, (2021); 
Li, Juan, An evolution analysis of the impact energy damage of collapsed rolling stones under strong earthquakes, Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, 49, 2, pp. 157-163, (2022); 
Zhang, Xianzheng, Investigation of the 2019 Wenchuan County debris flow disaster suggests nonuniform spatial and temporal post-seismic debris flow evolution patterns, Landslides, 19, 8, pp. 1935-1956, (2022)
PUBLISHER: Editorial Office of Hydrogeology and Engineering
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Mingli, L., Jianlong, C.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Mingli, Li (59792792000); Jianlong, Cheng (57804923000)
59792792000; 57804923000
The starting mechanism study on rainfall-induced sloop loose source in strong earthquake area
(2022) Natural Hazards, 114 (2), pp. 1685 - 1707, Cited 4 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11069-022-05442-4
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85134218737&doi=10.1007%2Fs11069-022-05442-4&partnerID=40&md5=3b59be67763bcaa5cb986745e27982f4

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: The 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake in 2008 led to a large number of loose deposits on the slope on both sides of the gully in the formation area. Under the triggering action of heavy rainfall, the previously unrecognized slope loose source in formation areas easily failed and started earlier than the overall start of the gully debris flow, which has practical significance for realizing the early warning of the gully debris flow starting. The special loose source conditions and postearthquake geological environment change the hydraulic mechanism of traditional debris flow start-up, which brings great difficulties to the monitoring and early warning of postearthquake debris flows. Therefore, based on hydraulics, on the premise of building a hydraulic model of groundwater level change of loose slope accumulation body, the characteristics and rules of groundwater level change are analyzed with the aid of hydraulic seepage theories, and the action characteristics of hydrodynamic pressure and hydrostatic pressure on the accumulation body are quantitatively studied. Based on field exploration data and average slope gradient, we divided the accumulation body in a reasonable manner; completed the sliding force, anti-sliding force and residual-sliding force mechanical expression and establishment; and performed a slope stability analysis. The research results show that the slope starting mode is divided into the thrust-type landslide and the retrogressive landslide mode of the subsection disintegration. The hydraulic deposit mechanism analytical results can also reverse the critical rainfall condition of slope failure. Finally, taking the Yindongzi gully in Dujiangyan as an example, the hydraulic mechanism of typical slope deposits in the formation area was analyzed and combined with the historical debris flow events in the study area to verify the physical simulation test, which was consistent with the field investigation results after the disaster. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flow; Early warning; Hydraulic mechanism; Rainfall; Slope loose sources
INDEX KEYWORDS: debris flow; early warning system; earthquake damage; earthquake magnitude; hazard assessment; mitigation; natural hazard; precipitation intensity; Sichuan earthquake 2008; China; Dujiangyan; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Allaire, Suzanne Edith, Quantifying preferential flow in soils: A review of different techniques, Journal of Hydrology, 378, 1-2, pp. 179-204, (2009); 
Factors Controlling the Strength of Partly Saturated Cohesive Soils Rearch Conference on Shear Strength of Cohesive Soil, (1961); 
Hydrological Processes, (2010); 
Chinese Science Bulletin, (1992); 
Cui, Yifei, Investigation of the initiation of shallow failure in widely graded loose soil slopes considering interstitial flow and surface runoff, Landslides, 16, 4, pp. 815-828, (2019); 
Cui, Yifei, Experimental study on the moving characteristics of fine grains in wide grading unconsolidated soil under heavy rainfall, Journal of Mountain Science, 14, 3, pp. 417-431, (2017); 
Fan, Xuanmei, What we have learned from the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake and its aftermath: A decade of research and challenges, Engineering Geology, 241, pp. 25-32, (2018); 
Gabet, Emmanuel J., The mobilization of debris flows from shallow landslides, Geomorphology, 74, 1-4, pp. 207-218, (2006); 
Gao, Bing, Macro-meso analysis of water-soil interaction mechanism of debris flow starting process, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 30, 12, pp. 2567-2573, (2011); 
Guo, Chaoxu, Pore structure characteristics of debris flow source material in the Wenchuan earthquake area, Engineering Geology, 267, (2020)
PUBLISHER: Springer Science and Business Media B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Xiang, M., Deng, Q., Duan, L., Yang, J., Wang, C., Liu, J., Liu, M.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Xiang, Mingshun (50662335500); Deng, Qiuchi (57457511000); Duan, Linsen (57218939395); Yang, Jin (24741227200); Wang, Chunjian (57218935132); Liu, Jiashuo (57457606800); Liu, Mengli (57197809676)
50662335500; 57457511000; 57218939395; 24741227200; 57218935132; 57457606800; 57197809676
Dynamic monitoring and analysis of the earthquake Worst-hit area based on remote sensing
(2022) Alexandria Engineering Journal, 61 (11), pp. 8691 - 8702, Cited 18 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.aej.2022.02.001
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85124813530&doi=10.1016%2Fj.aej.2022.02.001&partnerID=40&md5=26d755739529c336b6244b1aa1c02a15

AFFILIATIONS: College of Tourism and Urban-Rural Planning, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; School of Geography, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
ABSTRACT: The earthquake and its secondary geological disasters have some long-term effects on vegetation recovery, and the spatiotemporal differentiation of vegetation coverage in earthquake-stricken areas are often not valued by researchers. Beichuan County in Sichuan Province is the worst-hit area during Wenchuan earthquake, tracking the vegetation coverage in this disaster area can provide feedback for post-earthquake ecological restoration. Based on remote sensing (RS) and Geographic information system (GIS), this paper relies on dimidiate pixel model (DPM) and vegetation coverage transfer matrix to explore the vegetation coverage of the earthquake worst-hit area. The results show that the overall level of vegetation coverage in Beichuan county is high, and earthquakes are dominant in the areas with high vegetation coverage. Besides, earthquake can do most severe damages to the areas with high vegetation coverage, followed by medium damage impacting to the areas with medium vegetation coverage, but the damage of other areas are relatively small. From 2007 to 2020, the average vegetation coverage in Beichuan County decreased from 0.835 in 2007 to 0.755 in 2008, then gradually recovered to 0.826 in 2020, experiencing a sharp decline and then a steady increase. The recovery of vegetation coverage is improved over time, but the spatiotemporal differences of the recovery process are obvious. Elevation has the largest driving force on vegetation coverage (q = 0.569, p less than 0.001), followed by temperature and rainfall; the interaction between factors has a significant increasement in the spatial differentiation of vegetation coverage, indicating that vegetation coverage is a combination result of multiple factors. The research findings can help construct the scientific management of the eco-environment in the disaster area, it can also help builda medium to long-term ecological restoration plan according to the variation in vegetation coverage. © 2022 THE AUTHORS
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Earthquake; Eco-environment; Remote sensing; Vegetation coverage; Vegetation index
INDEX KEYWORDS: Earthquakes; Ecology; Recovery; Remote sensing; Restoration; Transfer matrix method; Vegetation; Disaster areas; Dynamic monitoring; Dynamics analysis; Earthquake; Eco-environments; Ecological restoration; Monitoring and analysis; Remote-sensing; Vegetation coverage; Vegetation index; Disasters
REFERENCES: Fu, Bojie, The effect of land use Chang on the regional environment in the Yangjuangou catchment in the Loess Pplateau of China, Dili Xuebao/Acta Geographica Sinica, 54, 3, pp. 241-246, (1999); 
Bull Chin Acad Sci, (2008); 
Ouyang, Zhiyun, Impact assessment of Wenchuan Earthquake on ecosystems, Shengtai Xuebao, 28, 12, pp. 5801-5809, (2008); 
Xu, Jiceng, Monitoring the riparian vegetation cover after the Wenchuan earthquake along the Minjiang River valley based on multi-temporal Landsat TM images: A case study of the Yingxiu-Wenchuan section, Shengtai Xuebao, 33, 16, pp. 4966-4974, (2013); 
Advance in Earth Sciences, (2003); 
Serbin, Guy, Assessment of spectral indices for cover estimation of senescent vegetation, Remote Sensing Letters, 4, 6, pp. 552-560, (2013); 
Gao, Lin, Remote sensing algorithms for estimation of fractional vegetation cover using pure vegetation index values: A review, ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 159, pp. 364-377, (2020); 
Gitelson, Anatoly A., Remote estimation of crop fractional vegetation cover: The use of noise equivalent as an indicator of performance of vegetation indices, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 34, 17, pp. 6054-6066, (2013); 
Zhang, Yahai, Spatial and temporal variations in vegetation coverage observed using AVHRR GIMMS and Terra MODIS data in the mainland of China, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 41, 11, pp. 4238-4268, (2020); 
Peng, Wenfu, Influence of natural factors on vegetation NDVI using geographical detection in Sichuan Province, Dili Xuebao/Acta Geographica Sinica, 74, 9, pp. 1758-1776, (2019)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Bout, B., Tang, C., Van Westen, C.J., Jetten, V.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Bout, Bastian Van Den (57194762682); Tang, Chenxiao (55486336700); Van Westen, Cees J. (6701664942); Jetten, Victor G. (6601999985)
57194762682; 55486336700; 6701664942; 6601999985
Physically based modeling of co-seismic landslide, debris flow, and flood cascade
(2022) Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 22 (10), pp. 3183 - 3209, Cited 14 times.
DOI: 10.5194/nhess-22-3183-2022
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85140606563&doi=10.5194%2Fnhess-22-3183-2022&partnerID=40&md5=679c9ef879cdc8ecba0b1b3e61829001

AFFILIATIONS: Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation – ITC, Enschede, Overijssel, Netherlands; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake lead to various complex multi-hazard chains that included seismically triggered landslide initiation, landslide runout, river damming, dam breaching, and flooding. The modeling of the interactions between such hazardous processes is challenging due to the complexity and uncertainty. Here we present an event-based physically based model that is able to simulate multi-hazard land surface process chains within a single unified simulation. The final model is used to simulate a multi-hazard chain event in the Hongchun watershed, where co-seismic landslides led to a landslide dam and, 2 years later, a debris flow that breached the landslide dam. While most aspects of the multi-hazard chain are predicted well, the correct prediction of slope failures remains the biggest challenge. Although the results should be treated carefully, the development of such a model provides a significant progress in the applicability of multi-hazard chain simulations. © Author(s) 2022.
INDEX KEYWORDS: debris flow; flooding; landslide; natural hazard; seismic response; Sichuan earthquake 2008; slope failure
REFERENCES: Baartman, Jantiene E.M., Exploring effects of rainfall intensity and duration on soil erosion at the catchment scale using openLISEM: Prado catchment, SE Spain, Hydrological Processes, 26, 7, pp. 1034-1049, (2012); 
Baggio, Tommaso, Advances in the simulation of debris flow erosion: The case study of the Rio Gere (Italy) event of the 4th August 2017, Geomorphology, 381, (2021); 
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Bout, Bastian Van Den, Integration of two-phase solid fluid equations in a catchment model for flashfloods, debris flows and shallow slope failures, Environmental Modelling and Software, 105, pp. 1-16, (2018); 
Journees Aleas Gravitaires, (2017); 
Chai, Hejun, The distribution, causes and effects of damming landslides in China, Journal of the Chengdu Institute of Technology, 27, 3, pp. 302-307, (2000); 
Chen, N. Sh, The processes and mechanism of failure and debris flow initiation for gravel soil with different clay content, Geomorphology, 121, 3-4, pp. 222-230, (2010); 
Chen, Hongxin, EDDA 1.0: Integrated simulation of debris flow erosion, deposition and property changes, Geoscientific Model Development, 8, 3, pp. 829-844, (2015); 
Chen, Yu, The numerical calculation of highway slope stability under the influence of rainfall, Applied Mechanics and Materials, 261-262, pp. 907-911, (2013); 
Chen, Mingli, Valuation of debris flow mitigation measures in tourist towns: a case study on Hongchun gully in southwest China, Journal of Mountain Science, 13, 10, pp. 1867-1879, (2016)
PUBLISHER: Copernicus Publications
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS; GREEN ACCEPTED OPEN ACCESS; GREEN OPEN ACCESS

Zhang, Y., Wang, Y., Yuan, Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhang, Youyi (37041038400); Wang, Yunjun (58714887900); Yuan, Yadong (58714888000)
37041038400; 58714887900; 58714888000
Dynamic reserves of evaluation model for materials source in the channel based on fractal theory and model test 基于分形理论和模型试验的沟道物源动储量评价模型
(2022) Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control, 33 (5), pp. 40 - 49, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.16031/j.cnki.issn.1003-8035.202202006
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85177654323&doi=10.16031%2Fj.cnki.issn.1003-8035.202202006&partnerID=40&md5=f885fbb10caf35534d76f07bc429a633

AFFILIATIONS: Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, China; ZT-ARCH Design, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: After the Wenchuan earthquake, many loose solid sources accumulated in the channel, which increased the probability of debris flow. It was difficult to calculate the dynamic reserves of debris flow sediment source accurately. Based on field investigation, data collection and laboratory model test, this paper introduced the fractal theory to quantitatively describe the complex soil particle size composition with fractal dimension, and studied the erosion regular of different deposits in channels under different rainfall effects. A dynamic reserve evaluation model with rainfall intensity and fractal dimension as double influencing factors was established. The results show: Coarse-grained soil is not easy to start, but under sufficient hydrodynamic conditions, erosion will be multiplied; When debris flow occurs, the erosion change and total erosion scale of "fine-grained on coarse-grained soil" are small, and which is beneficial to the stability of channel; The erosion phenomenon of "coarse-grained on fine-grained soil" is similar to that of coarse-grained soil, but the rainfall threshold of large-scale debris flowis lower than coarse-grained soil; For materials source in the channel, the order of erosion effect is headward erosion > shear erosion > lateral erosion > subsurface erosion; The formula fitted in this paper is suitable for the wide and slow channel of debris flow, but it has some limitations for the narrow and steep channel. © Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control. All rights reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: debris flow; dynamic reserves; fractal theory; model test; the materials source in channel
REFERENCES: Xiong, Jiang, Long-term changes in the landslide sediment supply capacity for debris flow occurrence in Wenchuan County, China, Catena, 203, (2021); 
Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering, (2016); 
Jakob, Matthias, The significance of channel recharge rates for estimating debris-flow magnitude and frequency, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 30, 6, pp. 755-766, (2005); 
Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control, (2012); 
Chang, Chiwen, Estimation of sediment volume of debris flow caused by extreme rainfall in Taiwan, Engineering Geology, 123, 1-2, pp. 83-90, (2011); 
Ni, Huayong, Experimental study on initiation of gully-type debris flow based on artificial rainfall and channel runoff, Environmental Earth Sciences, 73, 10, pp. 6213-6227, (2015); 
Yangtze River, (2019); 
Zhang, Jing, The material supply ability analysis of debris flows based on area-hypsometric integral and area-gradient integral, Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control, 32, 4, pp. 9-16, (2021); 
Zhang, Tiantian, Characteristics and Formation Mechanism of Geohazards in Hunhe Fault Zone, Jilin Daxue Xuebao (Diqiu Kexue Ban)/Journal of Jilin University (Earth Science Edition), 52, 1, pp. 149-161, (2022); 
Physical and Mechanical Properties of Mudless Weak Zonem, (2002)
PUBLISHER: Editorial Office of The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazards and Control
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Xiao, Y., Tang, X., Li, Y., Huang, H., An, B.-W.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Xiao, Yi (57223122315); Tang, Xiao (57789626100); Li, Yuan (57246357900); Huang, Huan (57199060015); An, Bowen (57856555100)
57223122315; 57789626100; 57246357900; 57199060015; 57856555100
Social vulnerability assessment of landslide disaster based on improved TOPSIS method: Case study of eleven small towns in China
(2022) Ecological Indicators, 143, art. no. 109316, Cited 44 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2022.109316
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85136517894&doi=10.1016%2Fj.ecolind.2022.109316&partnerID=40&md5=2521666ef23b9fd558d189bb57dca769

AFFILIATIONS: College of Management Science, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; College of Tourism and Urban-Rural Planning, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; College of Economics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; College of Business, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Yangtze River Economic Zone Research Institution of RUC, Yibin, Sichuan, China; College of Economics and Finance, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
ABSTRACT: There are few studies on the social vulnerability of small towns in landslide disaster areas. The occurrence of geological disasters will directly threaten the local socioeconomic growth, it is particularly important to identify vulnerable areas and populations by using the social vulnerability index system. Eleven small towns of landslide areas after Wenchuan earthquake were taken as examples, based on 863 questionnaires and statistical data, this study established a new comprehensive evaluation index system of social vulnerability evaluation in landslide areas, and conducted quantitative evaluation by using the improved TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution) model, the social vulnerability index was adopted to compare, classify and rank the social vulnerability levels in townships. The empirical results indicate that the social vulnerability showed the characteristics of regional heterogeneity, most towns showed a high or medium level of social vulnerability. Only Yingxiu showed a low level of social vulnerability, Shuimo presented the highest evaluation score of social vulnerability in eleven towns, the inter-group difference between these two towns is 0.286. Risk perception is an important factor affecting social vulnerability in landslide areas, involving disaster awareness, disaster cognitive approach, and community publicity. Additionally, social structure is another key factor affecting these areas based on the scores of the top three areas with the highest social vulnerability, including disaster prevention facilities, residents' income, and infrastructure accessibility. The index system can evaluate the social vulnerability scientifically in landslide areas, it can be used for urban disaster management and socioeconomic development in geological disaster areas. © 2022 The Author(s)
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Improved TOPSIS method; Landslide disaster areas; Risk perception; Small towns; Social structure; Social vulnerability
INDEX KEYWORDS: Disaster prevention; Disasters; Earthquakes; Economic and social effects; Geology; Population statistics; Risk assessment; Risk perception; Surveys; Disaster areas; Geological disaster; Improved TOPSIS method; Landslide areas; Landslide disaster area; Small towns; Social structure; Social vulnerability; Social vulnerability index; TOPSIS method; Landslides; disaster management; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan; Yingxiu
REFERENCES: undefined, (2016); 
AlQahtany, Ali Muflah, Public perception and attitudes to disaster risks in a coastal metropolis of Saudi Arabia, International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 44, (2020); 
Apotsos, Alex, Mapping relative social vulnerability in six mostly urban municipalities in South Africa, Applied Geography, 105, pp. 86-101, (2019); 
Armaş, Iuliana, Social vulnerability and seismic risk perception. Case study: The historic center of the Bucharest Municipality/Romania, Natural Hazards, 47, 3, pp. 397-410, (2008); 
Awolala, David Olufemi, Integrated assessment of human vulnerability to extreme climate hazards: emerging outcomes for adaptation finance allocation in Southwest Nigeria, Climate and Development, 14, 2, pp. 166-183, (2022); 
Bai, Yuping, Does climate adaptation of vulnerable households to extreme events benefit livestock production?, Journal of Cleaner Production, 210, pp. 358-365, (2019); 
Beck, Élise, Vulnerability to earthquake of Beirut residents (Lebanon): perception, knowledge, and protection strategies, Journal of Risk Research, 22, 11, pp. 1391-1408, (2019); 
undefined, (2019); 
Birkmann, Jörn, Framing vulnerability, risk and societal responses: The MOVE framework, Natural Hazards, 67, 2, pp. 193-211, (2013); 
Alvarez, Pamela P., Temporal evolution in social vulnerability to natural hazards in Chile, Natural Hazards, 107, 2, pp. 1757-1784, (2021)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Xie, J., Coulthard, T.J., Wang, M., Wu, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Xie, Jun (57193388488); Coulthard, Tom J. (6602655122); Wang, Ming (55732001400); Wu, Jinhui (59805315900)
57193388488; 6602655122; 55732001400; 59805315900
Tracing seismic landslide-derived sediment dynamics in response to climate change
(2022) Catena, 217, art. no. 106495, Cited 8 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.catena.2022.106495
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85132945085&doi=10.1016%2Fj.catena.2022.106495&partnerID=40&md5=c673f484771e4c801877f9fd1b64725d

AFFILIATIONS: Energy and Environment Institute, University of Hull, Hull, East Yorkshire, United Kingdom; University of Hull, Hull, East Yorkshire, United Kingdom; Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; China Geological Survey, Beijing, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Mass movements such as landslides are prominent sources of sediment in post-seismic mountain belts. Earthquake triggered landslides can generate substantial volumes of fresh sediment and this may have significant long-term (decade to millennium) geomorphic effects on landscape evolution. Downslope and downstream transport of sediment into the channel network is sensitive to meteorological perturbations especially for extreme rainfall events. However, no established techniques can explicitly fingerprint/track landslide-derived sediment under climate change. In this study, we use a new tracing function incorporated into CAESAR-Lisflood (CL) to track the landslide-derived sediment dynamics in response to climate change. The hourly future rainfall sequences under two climate scenarios (RCP4.5, RCP8.5) were firstly generated using ‘NASA Earth Exchange Global Daily Downscaled Projections (NEX-GDDP)’ dataset and then used as hydrological input to drive CL simulations. The landscape evolution at the Hongxi basin, which suffered great damage from the Wenchuan earthquake (Ms 8.0), was then simulated for 93 years (2008–2100) using CL under two climate scenarios. The results show that the landslides can greatly increase the sediment yield and climatic perturbations can lead to variation of sediment dynamics, the coupling of these two factors perform a combined impact on sediment budget, while the interplay and relevant importance between landslides and climate impact is dependent on the landslide density of specific basin. The landslide-channel connectivity (location of landslides with respect to river channels) plays an important role in post-earthquake sediment evacuation. The yearly sediment yield generated by the landslides can be stable after 20 years under both RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios in the study basin. These findings are of great importance to understand the interplay between landslide and climatic perturbations and support the risk management and mitigation after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. © 2022 Elsevier B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: CAESAR-Lisflood; Climate change; Landslide; Sediment tracing
INDEX KEYWORDS: climate change; climate effect; connectivity; damage; data set; earthquake event; landscape evolution; landslide; sediment yield; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Z Geomorphol Suppl, (1976); 
Bates, Paul D., A simple inertial formulation of the shallow water equations for efficient two-dimensional flood inundation modelling, Journal of Hydrology, 387, 1-2, pp. 33-45, (2010); 
Benda, Lee E., Stochastic forcing of sediment supply to channel networks from landsliding and debris flow, Water Resources Research, 33, 12, pp. 2849-2863, (1997); 
Chousianitis, Konstantinos G., Assessment of Earthquake-Induced landslide Hazard in Greece: From arias intensity to spatial distribution of slope Resistance Demand, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 106, 1, pp. 174-188, (2016); 
Coulthard, Tom J., Modelling geomorphic response to environmental change in an upland catchment, Hydrological Processes, 14, 11-12, pp. 2031-2045, (2000); 
Coulthard, Tom J., A cellular model of Holocene upland river basin and alluvial fan evolution, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 27, 3, pp. 269-288, (2002); 
Coulthard, Tom J., Using the UKCP09 probabilistic scenarios to model the amplified impact of climate change on drainage basin sediment yield, Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 16, 11, pp. 4401-4416, (2012); 
Coulthard, Tom J., Modeling long-term contamination in river systems from historical metal mining, Geology, 31, 5, pp. 451-454, (2003); 
Coulthard, Tom J., Integrating the LISFLOOD-FP 2D hydrodynamic model with the CAESAR model: Implications for modelling landscape evolution, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 38, 15, pp. 1897-1906, (2013); 
Coulthard, Tom J., The sensitivity of landscape evolution models to spatial and temporal rainfall resolution, Earth Surface Dynamics, 4, 3, pp. 757-771, (2016)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Liu, H., Yan, X., Zhang, X., Chen, H., Zhang, G., Zou, Z.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Liu, Hongyan (55719299400); Yan, Xidong (59896415300); Zhang, Xiaochen (57226580672); Chen, Hongqi (58286581200); Zhang, Guangxiong (58262035400); Zou, Zongshan (54407799000)
55719299400; 59896415300; 57226580672; 58286581200; 58262035400; 54407799000
The Statistical Model for the Movement Distance Forecast of the Landslide and its Improvement 滑坡运动距离预测的统计模型及其改进
(2022) Journal of Catastrophology, 37 (4), pp. 6 - 17, Cited 3 times.
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-811X.2022.04.002
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-105005059440&doi=10.3969%2Fj.issn.1000-811X.2022.04.002&partnerID=40&md5=c7d3053d06dad0bda4b80a61c92f689d

AFFILIATIONS: School of Engineering and Technology, Beijing, China; China Highway Engineering Consulting Corporation, Beijing, Beijing, China; School of Safety Engineering, North China Institute of Science and Technology, Beijing, China; Geological Disaster Emergency Technical Guidance Center of MNR, Beijing, China; Ltd., Hami, China
ABSTRACT: The movement distance of a landslide is an important designation to evaluate the scope of the landslide hazard, therefore its forecast method is always being concerned. First of all, the existing studies is deeply analyzed, and it is found that the potential energy a landslide is an important factor affecting the movement distance, therefore a landslide can be classified into a low position landslide and a high position one. From the existing statistical models for the movement distance forecast, it is found that the movement distance of the low position landslide is mainly relevant to the volume V, dip angle α and the original altitude difference Hs of the landslide. However, the movement distance of the high position landslide is also affected by the topographic slope along the movement distance and the maximum altitude difference H of the landslide before and after sliding. Finally, 38 gully - type rock avalanches induced by Wenchuan earthquake is taken for cases, and the effect of H is introduced into the existing model. Therefore, The statistical model for the movement distance forecast of a landslide is obtained which can take into consideration V, Hs, H and the topographic slope at the same time by making the multivariate regression analysis with origin 9. 0 software. By comparison, it is found that the proposed model can effectively improve the computational accuracy. It is indicateed that the statistical model for the movement distance forecast of the high position landslide should take into consideration the effect of H. This study is helpful to further optimize the statistical model for the movement distance forecast of a landslide, and provides the reliable evidence for the landslide disaster evaluation and control. © 2022 Shaanxi Earthquake Agency. All rights reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: classification of landslides; gully type landslide; movement distance forecast; multivariate regression analysis; statistical model; Wenchuan earthquake
REFERENCES: Zhao, Tengyuan, An efficient Bayesian method for estimating runout distance of region-specific landslides using sparse data, Georisk, 16, 1, pp. 140-153, (2022); 
Aaron, Jordan B., Two methodologies to calibrate landslide runout models, Landslides, 16, 5, pp. 907-920, (2019); 
Xu, Qiang, Comparison of data-driven models of loess landslide runout distance estimation, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 78, 2, pp. 1281-1294, (2019); 
undefined, (1932); 
Scheidegger, Adrian E., On the prediction of the reach and velocity of catastrophic landslides, Rock Mechanics, 5, 4, pp. 231-236, (1973); 
Landslides, (1991); 
Mitchell, Andrew, Rock avalanche runout prediction using stochastic analysis of a regional dataset, Landslides, 17, 4, pp. 777-792, (2020); 
Nian, Tingkai, Runout simulation of seismic landslides using discontinuous deformation analysis (Dda) with state-dependent shear strength model, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 57, 8, pp. 1183-1196, (2020); 
Mao, Jia, Runout prediction and deposit characteristics investigation by the distance potential-based discrete element method: the 2018 Baige landslides, Jinsha River, China, Landslides, 18, 1, pp. 235-249, (2021); 
Liu, Zhenyu, Investigation of the dynamic process of the Xinmo landslide using the discrete element method, Computers and Geotechnics, 123, (2020)
PUBLISHER: Shaanxi Earthquake Agency
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Qiu, L., Zeng, W., Dai, Y., Li, J., Bian, A., Gai, H., Di, B.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Qiu, Lingke (58724749000); Zeng, Wen (57201792597); Dai, Yue (59895309100); Li, Junhui (58724705100); Bian, Ang (57191881825); Gai, Hongkun (59895376400); Di, Baofeng (14057800700)
58724749000; 57201792597; 59895309100; 58724705100; 57191881825; 59895376400; 14057800700
Study on the Spatial Heterogeneity of Vegetation Carbon Storage Regarding to Catastrophic Stress 巨灾胁迫下植被碳储量地域分异规律研究
(2022) Journal of Catastrophology, 37 (4), pp. 115 - 122, Cited 2 times.
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-811X.2022.04.019
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-105004994528&doi=10.3969%2Fj.issn.1000-811X.2022.04.019&partnerID=40&md5=606cda07f9adc8891102fd0a989674cb

AFFILIATIONS: College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong; College of Computer Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: The key component of carbon neutrality, as an important measure to cope with climate change in China, is the balance of carbon sources and sinks, and the carbon storage capacity of forest vegetation plays an important role in carbon balance. However, Catastrophes could destroy vegetation and change the spatial and temporal processes of regional carbon storage. Clarifying the damage and recovery process of regional carbon storage capacity under catastrophic stress and the regional differentiation pattern can provide a basis for spatial and temporal carbon neutral accounting in catastrophe - affected areas. The InVEST model is used to investigate the geographic variation of vegetation carbon stocks under the earthquake catastrophe stress from 2001 to 2019 in the “hardest - hit area of 2008 Wenchuan earthquake”. The following conclusions are obtained: (1) The total carbon storage in the region is generally increasing, with an average annual increase of about 1.45 × 106 tC, and the carbon stock decreased significantly with a loss of 7.36 × 106 tC (1.22% of the regional total carbon stock in 2007) after the earthquake; (2) Carbon storage changes in disaster areas are closely related to areas with seismic intensity above IX. The carbon storages in the intensity X and XI regions continued to decrease in two years after the earthquake, and then began to recover slowly, and by 2019, the level X region had roughly recovered to the pre - earthquake level, while the XI zone had only recovered to 91.77% of the pre - earthquake level; (3) The earthquake has not significantly affected the elevation diversity of regional carbon stocks, while the slope diversity is more significant, and loss was mainly in the range of steep and very steep slopes. In conclusion, the loss and recovery process of vegetation carbon stock under earthquake stress has regional variability, and its changes in different seismic intensity zones and different topographic regions are mainly due to the destruction of vegetation by co - earthquake landslides and other secondary geological hazards. © 2022 Shaanxi Earthquake Agency. All rights reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: catastrophe; catastrophe stress; GIS; InVEST model; spatial heterogeneity; vegetation carbon storage; Wenchuan Earthquake
REFERENCES: Summary for Policymakers, (2018); 
HOUGHTON, R. A., Balancing the global carbon budget, Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 35, pp. 313-347, (2007); 
Lorenz, Klaus E., Carbon sequestration in forest ecosystems, pp. 1-277, (2010); 
Bousquet, Philippe, Regional changes in carbon dioxide fluxes of land and oceans since 1980, Science, 290, 5495, pp. 1342-1346, (2000); 
undefined; 
Wei, Yawei, Forest carbon storage and tree carbon pool dynamics under natural forest protection program in northeastern China, Chinese Geographical Science, 24, 4, pp. 397-405, (2014); 
Zarandian, Ardavan, Scenario modeling for spatial-temporal change detection of carbon storage and sequestration in a forested landscape in Northern Iran, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 190, 8, (2018); 
Allen, Robert B., Immediate damage by an earthquake to a temperate montane forest, Ecology, 80, 2, pp. 708-714, (1999); 
Halvorson, Sarah Jean, Vulnerability and the erosion of seismic culture in mountainous Central Asia, Mountain Research and Development, 27, 4, pp. 322-330, (2007); 
undefined, (2016)
PUBLISHER: Shaanxi Earthquake Agency
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wu, X., Xu, C., Xiwei, X., Chen, G., Zhu, A., Zhang, L., Yu, G., Du, K.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wu, Xiyan (55567917900); Xu, Chong (35184309900); Xiwei, Xu (8246843900); Chen, Guihua (55733464100); Zhu, Ailan (8969927300); Zhang, Ling (55217424800); Yu, Guihua (7403528699); Du, Keping (8599897700)
55567917900; 35184309900; 8246843900; 55733464100; 8969927300; 55217424800; 7403528699; 8599897700
A Web-GIS hazards information system of the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake in China
(2022) Natural Hazards Research, 2 (3), pp. 210 - 217, Cited 13 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.nhres.2022.03.003
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85139328799&doi=10.1016%2Fj.nhres.2022.03.003&partnerID=40&md5=a7818d0c322551177462a1fc9f52de41

AFFILIATIONS: Ministry of Emergency Management of China, Beijing, Beijing, China; Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Compound and Chained Natural Hazards Dynamics, Ministry of Emergency Management of China, Beijing, Beijing, China; Shanghai Earthquake Agency, Shanghai, China; Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: The typical earthquake hazards chain includes main shock, surface ruptures, aftershocks, and earthquake-induced landslides, leading to structural damage and casualties. Lots of investigation and research were published. But there is no Web-GIS platform to integrate earthquake hazards chain data and compare relative research results. This paper studies compiling such a hazards chain database and building a cloud-based Web-GIS system of the 2008 earthquake. The system introduced by this paper provides buttons and tools to browse, query and analyze map data. In addition, this system is open to anyone to add data for viewing and comparing in the web map. The result showcases that the cloud-based system runs efficiently and flexibly. The multi-scale and multi-source data can be integrated into a “one-map” system by well-design map services and geodatabase. © 2022 National Institute of Natural Hazards, Ministry of Emergency Management of China
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Active fault; Geographic information; Hazard; Landslide; Longmen Shan fault belt; Surface rupture; Wenchuan earthquake
REFERENCES: Agrawal, Sonam K., Web GIS and its architecture: a review, Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 10, 23, (2017); 
Symposium on Geospatial Theory Processing and Applications, (2002); 
Brown, Alexander, AcoustiCloud: A cloud-based system for managing large-scale bioacoustics processing, Environmental Modelling and Software, 131, (2020); 
Chen, Guoguang, Primary research of activity segmentation of Longmenshan fault zone since late-quaternary, Dizhen Dizhi, 29, 3, pp. 657-673, (2007); 
undefined, (2020); 
Chen, Jiu Hui, Seismotectonic study by relocation of the Wenchuan Ms8.0 earthquake sequence, Acta Geophysica Sinica, 52, 2, pp. 390-397, (2009); 
Chigira, Masahiro, Landslides induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China, Geomorphology, 118, 3-4, pp. 225-238, (2010); 
undefined, (2008); 
Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011); 
de Lázaro-Torres, Maria Luisa, WebGIS and geospatial technologies for landscape education on personalized learning contexts, ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 6, 11, (2017)
PUBLISHER: KeAi Communications Co.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Lyu, J.-R., Bao, Y., Xie, H.-Y., Li, H., Hu, Y., He, X.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Lyu, Jiaorong (57209455938); Bao, Yuhai (57214924430); Xie, Hangyu (57904395200); Li, Hong (57904991700); Hu, Yunhua (56079809600); He, Xiubin (12344588300)
57209455938; 57214924430; 57904395200; 57904991700; 56079809600; 12344588300
Spatiotemporal variation of the loose deposits in Baisha River Basin after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake
(2022) Journal of Mountain Science, 19 (9), pp. 2544 - 2555, Cited 4 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11629-022-7519-y
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85138719649&doi=10.1007%2Fs11629-022-7519-y&partnerID=40&md5=0a072d77685b129b703f6e1c8630a1fd

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Sichuan Third Surveying and Mapping Engineering Institute, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Extensive landslides were triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake (in China) on 12 May 2008, causing a tremendous amount of loose material suspended on the hillslopes, likely to be eroded and transported by rain. It is of great significance to study the long-term variation of the quantity and spatiotemporal distribution of loose deposits after a great earthquake in order to understand the restoration process, to assess the risk of future soil erosion, including geological hazards, and to further develop ecological governance strategy. In this study, information about the multi-temporal loose deposits on the ranges of the Baisha River Basin, an alpine valley near the epicenter, was extracted by object-oriented remote sensing interpretation, and analysis on their spatiotemporal variation showed that the earthquake in 2008 resulted in loose deposits covering an additional area of 81.09 km2, with a volume estimated at 0.357 billion m3. Within five years after the earthquake, the vegetation had recovered rapidly, and the extent of the deposits was significantly less. From 5 to 13 years after the earthquake, the vegetation continued to recover but at a slower rate and a decreasing trend in newly formed deposits was evident. The total area, volume and quantity of the loose deposits gradually stabilized. The geometric mean center of the loose deposits gradually moved back towards the upstream area after the earthquake and, by 2021, the mean center was about 4 km away from its pre-earthquake position. Taking the mean center of the loose deposits in 2008 as the center, the deposits in the downstream area shrank significantly after the earthquake, but collapses and landslides of deposits persisted in the upstream area to the west-southwest, west-northwest and north-northwest from the mean center, indicating future source areas of new loose deposits in the basin. © 2022, Science Press, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, CAS and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: earthquake-triggered disaster; Loose deposits; Remote sensing; Soil erosion; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: earthquake trigger; hillslope; landslide; remote sensing; seismic hazard; Sichuan earthquake 2008; soil erosion; spatiotemporal analysis; Baisha; China; Hainan
REFERENCES: Bayram, Adem, Estimation of suspended sediment concentration from turbidity measurements using artificial neural networks, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 184, 7, pp. 4355-4365, (2012); 
Chen, Fulong, Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) interferometry for assessing Wenchuan earthquake (2008) deforestation in the Sichuan giant panda site, Remote Sensing, 6, 7, pp. 6283-6299, (2014); 
Chen, Huai, Aftermath of the wenchuan earthquake, Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 7, 2, (2009); 
Chen, Ming, The long-term evolution of landslide activity near the epicentral area of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China, Geomorphology, 367, (2020); 
Chen, Ming, Temporal and spatial differentiation in the surface recovery of post-seismic landslides in Wenchuan earthquake-affected areas, Ecological Informatics, 64, (2021); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2009); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2017); 
Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011); 
Ding, Hairong, Influences of disaster chain driven by Wenchuan earthquake on sediment discharge in upper reaches of Minjiang river, Sichuan, China, Journal of Chengdu University of Technology (Science and Technology Edition), 40, 6, pp. 712-720, (2013); 
Dong, J. J., The role of the sediment budget in understanding debris flow susceptibility, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 34, 12, pp. 1612-1624, (2009)
PUBLISHER: Science Press
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Luo, X., Feng, Q., Jia, Y., Chen, H., Song, Y., Xu, W.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Luo, Xin (57196018157); Feng, Qian (57192695805); Jia, Yuzhen (57904109100); Chen, Hongyan (57904921300); Song, Yiyun (57903694500); Xu, Wenbo (56237288700)
57196018157; 57192695805; 57904109100; 57904921300; 57903694500; 56237288700
The Large-Scale Investigation and Analysis of Lophodermium piceae in Subalpine Areas Based on Satellite Multi-Spectral Remote Sensing
(2022) Diversity, 14 (9), art. no. 727, Cited 2 times.
DOI: 10.3390/d14090727
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85138690987&doi=10.3390%2Fd14090727&partnerID=40&md5=0988d760b1ec57b6ebf6af01af661667

AFFILIATIONS: University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; School of Resources and Environment, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Sichuan Academy of Forestry, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Picea asperata, a common tree species in the subalpine areas of Li County, Sichuan Province, China, is susceptible to Lophodermium piceae. Remote sensing has the advantages of large-scale, fast information acquisition, and low cost, which can overcome the shortcomings of ground survey. Hence, we used Landsat 8 satellite multi-spectral images and forest resource distribution data to investigate and analyze this forest disease at a large scale. Firstly, we extracted the spatial distribution information of Picea asperata and chose a temporal sequence indicator to establish a regression model and obtained a significantly negative correlation between the damage degree of plants and the change rate of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). Accordingly, the investigation results of the disease have good consistency with the ground survey data in spatial distribution and damage degree. On this basis, a temporal regression analysis was performed by combining the remote sensing investigation results with climate variables, and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) was utilized in the spatial comprehensive analysis of Lophodermium piceae with terrain, soil and forest stand factors. Conclusively, this study effectively coped with the difficulties in full investigation and analysis of Lophodermium piceae in ecologically fragile subalpine areas of Western Sichuan. It is of important reference value in the early warning and monitoring of this disease, and also provides objective and reliable information support for ecological restoration and management planning in the Wenchuan earthquake-stricken areas. © 2022 by the authors.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: large-scale investigation; Lophodermium piceae; satellite multi-spectral images; spatio-temporal analysis; subalpine area
INDEX KEYWORDS: alpine environment; disease; Landsat; remote sensing; satellite imagery; spatial distribution; spatiotemporal analysis; China; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Forest Pest and Disease, (2002); 
Bai, Xueqi, Monitoring model of Dendrolimus tabulaeformis disaster using hyperspectral remote sensing technology, Beijing Linye Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 38, 11, pp. 16-22, (2016); 
Wang, Lei, Reflectance features of water stressed Larix gmelinii needles, Forestry Studies in China, 11, 1, pp. 28-33, (2009); 
Xu, Zhanghua, Fisher discriminant analysis of Dendrolimus punctatus walker pest levels, Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 45, 6, pp. 275-283, (2014); 
Ghavidel, Marzieh, Satellite image processing of the Buxus hyrcana Pojark dieback in the Northern Forests of Iran, Journal of Forest Science, 67, 2, pp. 71-79, (2021); 
Bhattarai, Rajeev, Spruce budworm tree host species distribution and abundance mapping using multi-temporal Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 satellite imagery, ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 172, pp. 28-40, (2021); 
Ye, Huichun, Recognition of banana Fusarium wilt based on UAV remote sensing, Remote Sensing, 12, 6, (2020); 
Greene, Anthony Daniel, Spatial Associations of Key Lepidopteran Pests with Defoliation, NDVI, and Plant Height in Soybean, Environmental Entomology, 50, 6, pp. 1378-1392, (2021); 
Oblinger, Brent W., Identifying conifer mortality induced by Armillaria root disease using airborne lidar and orthoimagery in south central Oregon, Forest Ecology and Management, 511, (2022); 
Li, Niwen, Hazards Evaluation of Dendrolimus tabulaeformis (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae) Based on Weighted Information Value Model, Linye Kexue/Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 55, 3, pp. 106-117, (2019)
PUBLISHER: MDPI
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS; GREEN ACCEPTED OPEN ACCESS; GREEN OPEN ACCESS

Liu, J., Fan, X., Tang, X., Xu, Q., Harvey, E.L., Hales, T.C., Jin, Z.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Liu, Jie (57207463697); Fan, Xuanmei (12752112800); Tang, Xiaolu (55743734800); Xu, Qiang (56506033600); Harvey, Erin L. (57217177385); Hales, Tristram Charles (9741921500); Jin, Zhangdong (7403625767)
57207463697; 12752112800; 55743734800; 56506033600; 57217177385; 9741921500; 7403625767
Ecosystem carbon stock loss after a mega earthquake
(2022) Catena, 216, art. no. 106393, Cited 12 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.catena.2022.106393
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85130609293&doi=10.1016%2Fj.catena.2022.106393&partnerID=40&md5=2d350fef5c6b0d525d4d70e3ffd8ba82

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, South Glamorgan, Wales, United Kingdom; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
ABSTRACT: Earthquake-induced geohazards, in particular landslides and debris flows, have the ability to disturb large stocks of organic carbon. Even a slight change in these stocks of organic carbon could affect atmospheric CO<inf>2</inf> concentrations. Yet, the fate of ecosystem carbon delivery caused by a mega-earthquake over a short timescale is not well understood. In this study, a methodology is proposed to study the impact of earthquake-triggered landslides and post-seismic debris flows on ecosystem carbon (C). Pairs-plots were established on undisturbed areas, coseismic landslides or debris flow in one of the most representative catchments, in the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake hit regions. Results showed that coseismic landslides greatly reduced vegetation C stock from 34.48 Mgha-1 to 6.85 Mgha-1 and soil C stock from 96.38 to 6.77 Mgha-1, thereby leading to 89.6% reduction for total ecosystem C stock. Similarly, debris flow deposit led to a reduction of 97.8% of ecosystem C stock. Overall, it is estimated that there was a loss of 0.118×106Mg C across the study area, indicating a large amount of carbon change after the mega-earthquake. This study has an important implication for the role of mega-earthquake on regional ecosystem C storage and fills our knowledge gaps of the impact of ecosystem C cycle along with earthquake-induced geohazard chains. © 2022
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Ecosystem carbon; Landslides; Soil carbon stock; Vegetation carbon stock; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: carbon flux; debris flow; earthquake event; ecosystem dynamics; landslide; Sichuan earthquake 2008; soil carbon; vegetation cover; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Bouchez, Julien, Oxidation of petrogenic organic carbon in the Amazon floodplain as a source of atmospheric CO2, Geology, 38, 3, pp. 255-258, (2010); 
Chen, Huai, Aftermath of the wenchuan earthquake, Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 7, 2, (2009); 
Clark, Kasey E., Storm-triggered landslides in the Peruvian Andes and implications for topography, carbon cycles, and biodiversity, Earth Surface Dynamics, 4, 1, pp. 47-70, (2016); 
Coomes, David Anthony, Designing systems to monitor carbon stocks in forests and shrublands, Forest Ecology and Management, 164, 1-3, pp. 89-108, (2002); 
Cramer, Wolfgang P., Global response of terrestrial ecosystem structure and function to CO2 and climate change: Results from six dynamic global vegetation models, Global Change Biology, 7, 4, pp. 357-373, (2001); 
Croissant, Thomas, Seismic cycles, earthquakes, landslides and sediment fluxes: Linking tectonics to surface processes using a reduced-complexity model, Geomorphology, 339, pp. 87-103, (2019); 
Cui, Peng, Destruction of vegetation due to geo-hazards and its environmental impacts in the Wenchuan earthquake areas, Ecological Engineering, 44, pp. 61-69, (2012); 
Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011); 
Dai, Lanxin, Landslides and fluvial response to landsliding induced by the 1933 Diexi earthquake, Minjiang River, eastern Tibetan Plateau, Landslides, 18, 9, pp. 3011-3025, (2021); 
Dai, Wei, Spatial pattern of carbon stocks in forest ecosystems of a typical subtropical region of southeastern China, Forest Ecology and Management, 409, pp. 288-297, (2018)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Wu, H., Cui, S., Pei, X., Huang, R., He, L., Guo, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wu, Hao (59046537100); Cui, Shenghua (56660242900); Pei, Xiangjun (14058672500); Huang, Runqiu (55835407700); He, Li (57213351097); Guo, Jiaying (57694724000)
59046537100; 56660242900; 14058672500; 55835407700; 57213351097; 57694724000
Earthquake-induced landslide erosion coupled to tectonics and river incision, and effects of ground motion on coupled patterns
(2022) Catena, 216, art. no. 106334, Cited 4 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.catena.2022.106334
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85130135642&doi=10.1016%2Fj.catena.2022.106334&partnerID=40&md5=09bbcc45fad18b9f5f684edc48f4ee91

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Uji, Kyoto, Japan; College of Tourism and Urban-Rural Planning, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; School of Foreign Languages, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Landslide erosion and long-term denudation for the natural surface erosion processes in tectonically active mountain ranges are coupled to tectonics and river incision. However, such relationships have rarely been quantified in earthquake-induced landslides. Here we assess seismic landslide erosion caused by the Wenchuan earthquake in the Longmen Shan and explore relationships between tectonic uplift, river incision, and earthquake-induced landslide erosion yields and thus evaluate the effects of ground motion on coupled patterns. We show that nonlinear correlations exist between seismic landslide erosion rates and topographic metrics (mean slope gradient and normalized channel steepness) under various shaking conditions (peak ground acceleration PGA > 0.4 g). The areas with stronger shaking cause greater landslide erosion yields, higher erosion efficiency, weaker nonlinearity, and lower mean landslide slope although they have a similar threshold hillslope. Taken together, these analyses support an emerging view that the stronger ground motion reduces the equivalent rock mass strength on the hillslope and breaks the topographic threshold, which consequently produces a systematic increase in landslide erosion below or above the threshold state and results in nonlinearity variation. Our finding demonstrates that earthquake-induced landslide erosion is coupled to tectonics and river incision under various shaking conditions and presents a quantitative relationship between seismic landslide erosion rates and topographic metrics, providing potentially important implications for mountain belt evolution. © 2022 Elsevier B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Ground motion; Longmen Shan; Mountain belt evolution; Seismic landslide erosion; Topographic metrics
INDEX KEYWORDS: acceleration; denudation; earthquake; erosion control; ground motion; hillslope; landslide; nonlinearity; seismic response; tectonics; topography; China; Longmen Mountains
REFERENCES: Binnie, Steven Andrew, Tectonic uplift, threshold hillslopes, and denudation rates in a developing mountain range, Geology, 35, 8, pp. 743-746, (2007); 
Burbank, Douglas W., Bedrock incision, rock uplift and threshold hillslopes in the northwestern Himalayas, Nature, 379, 6565, pp. 505-510, (1996); 
She Fa Chen, Active faulting and block movement associated with large earthquakes in the Min Shan and Longmen Mountains, northeastern Tibetan Plateau, Journal of Geophysical Research, 99, B12, pp. 24-38, (1994); 
Cui, Shenghua, Geological and morphological study of the Daguangbao landslide triggered by the Ms. 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Geomorphology, 370, (2020); 
Cui, Shenghua, Liquefaction within a bedding fault: Understanding the initiation and movement of the Daguangbao landslide triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake (Ms = 8.0), Engineering Geology, 295, (2021); 
Cui, Shenghua, Characterizing the spatial distribution, frequency, geomorphological and geological controls on landslides triggered by the 1933 Mw 7.3 Diexi Earthquake, Sichuan, China, Geomorphology, 403, (2022); 
Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011); 
Densmore, Alexander Logan, Active tectonics of the Beichuan and Pengguan faults at the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, Tectonics, 26, 4, (2007); 
DiBiase, Roman A., Landscape form and millennial erosion rates in the San Gabriel Mountains, CA, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 289, 1-2, pp. 134-144, (2010); 
Fan, Xuanmei, Coseismic landslides triggered by the 8th August 2017 M s 7.0 Jiuzhaigou earthquake (Sichuan, China): factors controlling their spatial distribution and implications for the seismogenic blind fault identification, Landslides, 15, 5, pp. 967-983, (2018)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zhang, Y., Huang, C., Huang, C., Li, M.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhang, Youyi (37041038400); Huang, Chen (57610182200); Huang, Cheng (57208823108); Li, Mingyang (57606450100)
37041038400; 57610182200; 57208823108; 57606450100
Spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of typical debris flow sources after an earthquake
(2022) Landslides, 19 (9), pp. 2263 - 2275, Cited 9 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s10346-022-01883-x
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85128697415&doi=10.1007%2Fs10346-022-01883-x&partnerID=40&md5=3900a8848c13d61f67b22f73233e9f04

AFFILIATIONS: School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, China; River Protection Center of Guanghan Water Resources Bureau, Deyang, China
ABSTRACT: In the 10 years since the Wenchuan earthquake on May 12, 2008, debris flow disasters have occurred many times in the areas affected by the earthquake. These debris flows are widely distributed, have strong explosive force, and pose a significant hazard. In this work, high-resolution remote sensing image interpretation of 43 gullies along the Duwen Highway over six periods was combined with field investigation and ArcGIS analysis in order to discuss spatio-temporal evolution and distribution characteristics of the source area. The main results are (i) The number, area and volume of landslides decreased rapidly in 5 years after the earthquake, and gradually slowed down after 5 years due to soil consolidation; (ii) A landslide evolution model was proposed to predict that the source of the post-earthquake landslide will return to the pre-earthquake level around 2036; and (iii) The catchment area was positively correlated with source area and attenuation rate, but source area density was negatively correlated. (iv) After the earthquake, the centroid point of the landslide source decreased from year to year. The research results reveal the spatial–temporal evolution and distribution characteristics of landslide source after earthquake, providing reference for the staging and zoning prevention of debris flow landslide in earthquake-prone regions. © 2022, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: ArcGIS; Remote sensing interpretation; Spatio-temporal evolution; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Catchments; Debris; Geographic information systems; Landslides; Remote sensing; Soil mechanics; Soil moisture; Debris flows; Distribution characteristics; Evolution characteristics; Explosive force; High-resolution remote sensing images; Remote sensing image interpretations; Remote sensing interpretation; Source area; Spatiotemporal evolution; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes; debris flow; landslide; remote sensing; seismic hazard; Sichuan earthquake 2008; spatiotemporal analysis; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Mountain Research, (2014); 
Chang, Ming, Hazard assessment of debris flows in the Wenchuan earthquake-stricken area, South West China, Landslides, 14, 5, pp. 1783-1792, (2017); 
Chen, Ming, The long-term evolution of landslide activity near the epicentral area of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China, Geomorphology, 367, (2020); 
Chen, Xingzhang, The formation of the Wulipo landslide and the resulting debris flow in Dujiangyan City, China, Journal of Mountain Science, 14, 6, pp. 1100-1112, (2017); 
Cui, Peng, Real-time observation of an active debris flow watershed in the Wenchuan Earthquake area, Geomorphology, 321, pp. 153-166, (2018); 
Fan, Xuanmei, Earthquake-Induced Chains of Geologic Hazards: Patterns, Mechanisms, and Impacts, Reviews of Geophysics, 57, 2, pp. 421-503, (2019); 
Fan, Xuanmei, Coseismic landslides triggered by the 8th August 2017 M s 7.0 Jiuzhaigou earthquake (Sichuan, China): factors controlling their spatial distribution and implications for the seismogenic blind fault identification, Landslides, 15, 5, pp. 967-983, (2018); 
Ge, Yonggang, Catastrophic debris flows on July 10th 2013 along the Min River in areas seriously-hit by the Wenchuan earthquake, Journal of Mountain Science, 12, 1, pp. 186-206, (2015); 
Heckerman, David E., Probabilistic interpretations for mycin's certainty factors, Machine Intelligence and Pattern Recognition, 4, C, pp. 167-196, (1986); 
Hu, Xudong, Assessment of debris-flow potential dangers in the Jiuzhaigou Valley following the August 8, 2017, Jiuzhaigou earthquake, western China, Engineering Geology, 256, pp. 57-66, (2019)
PUBLISHER: Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wang, S., Lin, X., Qi, X., Li, H., Yang, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wang, Siying (57891366900); Lin, Xiaokun (57890893600); Qi, Xing (43561695500); Li, Hongde (57891818600); Yang, Jingjing (57891367000)
57891366900; 57890893600; 43561695500; 57891818600; 57891367000
Landslide susceptibility analysis based on a PSO-DBN prediction model in an earthquake-stricken area
(2022) Frontiers in Environmental Science, 10, art. no. 912523, Cited 11 times.
DOI: 10.3389/fenvs.2022.912523
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85138117963&doi=10.3389%2Ffenvs.2022.912523&partnerID=40&md5=e4b6810034f456ac32b293133ecbcb12

AFFILIATIONS: College of Management Science, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; College of Mathematics and Physics, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Geomathematics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; College of Civil Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: In recent years, the major geological hazard of landslides has greatly impact normal human life. Deep belief networks (DBN) is a commonly used deep learning model, and the DBN hyperparameter determination problem is the key to its application. To improve the accuracy of regional landslide susceptibility prediction, this paper introduces the particle swarm algorithm (PSO) to determine the hyperparameters of the DBN; this is applied to regional landslide susceptibility prediction. Firstly, PSO is used to optimize the hyperparameters of the DBN and obtain a set of hyperparameters with the optimal fitness function. A landslide susceptibility prediction model based on PSO-DBN is then constructed and the K-fold cross-validation method is used to determine its accuracy. The model is applied to landslide susceptibility prediction in the most impacted area of the Wenchuan earthquake to analyze the model’s accuracy. Finally, model susceptibility analysis is performed. The research results show that the final optimal model accuracy of the PSO-DBN model is 95.52%, which is approximately 28.31% and 15.35% higher than that of the logistic regression (LR) model and the common DBN model, respectively. The Kappa coefficient is 0.883, which is higher than that of the LR model. Compared with the LR model and the common DBN model, Kappa coefficient is improved by approximately 0.542 and 0.269 respectively; the area under the curve (AUC) is 0.951, which is improved by approximately 0.201 and 0.080 compared to the LR model and the common DBN model. The susceptibility of the model to the inertia factor is low, the average change in model accuracy (when the inertia factor changes by 0.1) is approximately 0.1%, and the overall stability of the model is high. The landslide susceptibility level is very high. The area includes 219 landslide points, which account for 39.2% of total landslide points. In the area with a high level of landslide susceptibility are 191 landslide points, accounting for 34.2% of total landslide points. Together, the two contain approximately 73.4% of the landslide points. This indicates that the model prediction results agree well with the spatial distribution characteristics of the landslide. © © 2022 Wang, Lin, Qi, Li and Yang.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: AUC; deep belief network (DBN); K-fold cross-validation method; landslide susceptibility; PSO—particle swarm optimization
REFERENCES: Journal of Mathematics, (2014); 
Cai, Xiwen, An efficient surrogate-assisted particle swarm optimization algorithm for high-dimensional expensive problems, Knowledge-Based Systems, 184, (2019); 
Chan, Hsunchuan, Rainfall-induced landslide susceptibility using a rainfall-runoff model and logistic regression, Water (Switzerland), 10, 10, (2018); 
Chen, Xiangjun, The current situation and prevention and control countermeasures for typical dynamic disasters in kilometer-deep mines in China, Safety Science, 115, pp. 229-236, (2019); 
Ibnu Choldun R, Muh, Determining the number of hidden layers in neural network by using principal component analysis, Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 1038, pp. 490-500, (2020); 
Chowdhuri, Indrajit, Ensemble approach to develop landslide susceptibility map in landslide dominated Sikkim Himalayan region, India, Environmental Earth Sciences, 79, 20, (2020); 
Chu, Joseph Lin, The Recognition of Partially Occluded Objects with Support Vector Machines, Convolutional Neural Networks and Deep Belief Networks, Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing Research, 4, 1, pp. 5-19, (2014); 
Conoscenti, Christian, Assessment of susceptibility to earth-flow landslide using logistic regression and multivariate adaptive regression splines: A case of the Belice River basin (western Sicily, Italy), Geomorphology, 242, pp. 49-64, (2015); 
Cui, Shenghua, Liquefaction within a bedding fault: Understanding the initiation and movement of the Daguangbao landslide triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake (Ms = 8.0), Engineering Geology, 295, (2021); 
Da, Yida, An improved PSO-based ANN with simulated annealing technique, Neurocomputing, 63, SPEC. ISS., pp. 527-533, (2005)
PUBLISHER: Frontiers Media S.A.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Yin, C.-J., Ma, L., Zhu, D.-H., Zou, S.-Z., Kang, D.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Yin, Cai Jjia (59582228600); Ma, Long (57571816200); Zhu, Dahai (57195735363); Zou, Shuzhen (56587397800); Kang, Di (55642746800)
59582228600; 57571816200; 57195735363; 56587397800; 55642746800
Species composition and niche characteristics of secondary plant communities on regenerated landslides af- ter earthquake 地震滑坡体自然恢复后次生植物群落物种组成及生态位特征
(2022) Chinese Journal of Ecology, 41 (8), pp. 1525 - 1534, Cited 4 times.
DOI: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202208.010
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85153959827&doi=10.13292%2Fj.1000-4890.202208.010&partnerID=40&md5=afcc270f2e884017759849e6db258891

AFFILIATIONS: School of Life Sciences, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan, China; Longxi Hongkou National Nature Reserve Administration, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: Earthquake and its secondary disasters lead to ecological degradation. Vegetation restoration and regenera- tion of the earthquake landslide bring the opportunity for the co-evolution of biology and environment. For better un- derstanding the regeneration characteristics of secondary vegetation in the landslide mass, we investigated species composition and niche characteristics of major species of secondary plant communities in the landslide mass, which was seriously damaged during the Wenchuan earthquake and had been recovered naturally for 11 years. The results showed that a total of 116 species belonging to 93 genera and 56 families were recorded, with 78 herbaceous species and 38 woody species. In addition, plant communities were mainly secondary herbaceous ones, and the species were mainly composed of pioneer species of Asteraceae, Poaceae and Rosaceae, such as Fragaria ananassa and Rubus setchuenensis. Beyond those species, Leucobryum glaucum was also abundant. Niche characteristics of domi- nant species of herbaceous and woody plants with the top 20 of importance value were analyzed. It was found that: (1) the niche breadth of the main species was positively correlated with the importance values and species distribu- tion frequency (P<0.05), whereas there was a significantly negative correlation between the variation coefficient of the importance value and the niche breadth concerning the main secondary woody species (P<0.01); and (2) there was a significantly positive correlation between the niche breadth and niche overlap of main woody plants in the community (P<0.01). Nevertheless, there was no positive correlation between niche breadth and niche overlap of main herbaceous species. Such a result indicates that not all plant species conform to the law that niche overlap would increase with increasing niche breadth; (3) there was a significantly positive correlation between niche simi- larity and niche overlap (P<0.01). The average niche overlap values of herbaceous communities and woody com- munities were 0.12 and 0.13 respectively, indicating that the species of secondary plant community had obvious niche differentiation and large difference in resource utilization. The interspecific relationship of secondary plant communities in earthquake landslide was relatively harmonious to ensure long-term coexistence and adaptation of species. © 2022 editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Ecology. All rights reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: earthquake landslide mass; niche breadth; niche overlap; secondary plant community
INDEX KEYWORDS: community composition; earthquake event; landslide; species diversity; vegetation dynamics; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: undefined; 
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PUBLISHER: Chinese Society of Ecology
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Liu, H.-X., Bie, P.-F., Li, X., Wei, Y.-S., Wang, M.-X.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Liu, Hangxiang (54389411400); Bie, Pengfei (57220182801); Li, Xin (57222475356); Wei, Yingsong (58113009900); Wang, Mingxuan (58113010000)
54389411400; 57220182801; 57222475356; 58113009900; 58113010000
Mechanical properties and energy dissipation characteristics of phyllite under triaxial multi-stage cyclic loading and unloading conditions 三轴多级循环加卸载下千枚岩的力学特性及 能量耗散特征研究
(2022) Yantu Lixue/Rock and Soil Mechanics, 43, pp. 265 - 281, Cited 17 times.
DOI: 10.16285/j.rsm.2021.1352
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85146454314&doi=10.16285%2Fj.rsm.2021.1352&partnerID=40&md5=9d6d12a228b1f7b9ef743de6547315f1

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; College of Environment and Civil Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: In seismic events, the occurrence of a rock landslide strongly depends on the dynamic mechanical properties of the rock mass materials of slope. In order to understand the characteristics of rock material under dynamic load, this study took phyllite, a representative rock mass developed in the Donghekou landslide area triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake in 2008, as the research object, to conduct a multi-stage cyclic loading and unloading test under triaxial compression. The confining pressure was 10 MPa, the loading frequency was 2 Hz, the loading waveform was sine wave, and 60 cycles were loaded at each level of stress. According to the axial stress-strain curve, the effects of cycle number and upper limit stress on elastic modulus, damping parameters and residual strain of phyllite samples were analyzed, and the evolution law of dissipated energy was also studied. The results are shown as follows: (1) The elastic modulus, damping ratio and damping coefficient of the samples decreased as the cycle number increased. When the upper limit stress was low, the internal structure of rock began to change significantly due to the closure of initial cracks and pores and formation of small new cracks, which caused the values of the parameters fluctuated greatly with a general increase as the cycle number increased. When the upper limit stress was high, the parameters demonstrated a slight change. (2) The cumulative residual strain showed an increasing trend as the cycle number and stress level increased, which was mainly related to the stress increase process (ramp loading stage) of rock samples. However, the relationship between the cumulative residual strain and the upper limit stress of rock samples at one stress level (cyclic loading stage) showed a W-type change. (3) The dissipated energy per unit volume also showed an overall increasing trend with the increase in cycle number and stress level. However, at lower upper limit stress level, the energy dissipation per unit volume changed slightly with the increase of cycles; at higher upper limit stress level, the energy dissipation increased in an "L" shape while in a "U" shape near failure. The research results can help to understand the mechanical behaviors of rock under dynamic cyclic loading, as well as to provide theoretical support for the formation mechanism analysis of large rock landslides under earthquake action from the perspective of rock mechanics in future work. © 2022 Academia Sinica. All rights reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: damping coefficient; damping ratio; dissipated energy; elastic modulus; multi-stage cyclic loading and unloading; residual strain
INDEX KEYWORDS: Cracks; Cyclic loads; Damping; Ductile fracture; Dynamics; Earthquakes; Energy dissipation; Rock mechanics; Rocks; Stress-strain curves; Unloading; Cycle number; Cyclic loading and unloading; Damping coefficients; Damping ratio; Dissipated energy; Limit stress; Multi-stage cyclic loading and unloading; Multi-stages; Residual strains; Upper limits; Elastic moduli
REFERENCES: Review on study of seismic stability analysis of rock-soil slopes, 25, 1, pp. 164-171; 
Cerfontaine, B. P.J., Cyclic and Fatigue Behaviour of Rock Materials: Review, Interpretation and Research Perspectives, Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 51, 2, pp. 391-414, (2018); 
Bagde, Manoj N., Fatigue properties of intact sandstone samples subjected to dynamic uniaxial cyclical loading, International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 42, 2, pp. 237-250, (2005); 
Bagde, Manoj N., Fatigue and dynamic energy behaviour of rock subjected to cyclical loading, International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 46, 1, pp. 200-209, (2009); 
Arora, Ketan, Experimental Study on Stiffness Degradation of Rock Under Uniaxial Cyclic Sinusoidal Compression Loading, Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 52, 11, pp. 4785-4797, (2019); 
Liu, Jianfeng, Experimental study on damping characteristics of rock under cyclic loading, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 27, 4, pp. 712-717, (2008); 
Shalev, Eyal, Inelastic compaction, dilation and hysteresis of sandstones under hydrostatic conditions, Geophysical Journal International, 197, 2, pp. 920-925, (2014); 
Nie, Ming, Dynamic triaxial experimental research on damping parameters and dynamic elastic parameters for marble, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 30, SUPPL. 2, pp. 3989-3994, (2011); 
Liu, Enlong, Effects of cyclic dynamic loading on the mechanical properties of intact rock samples under confining pressure conditions, Engineering Geology, 125, pp. 81-91, (2012); 
Deng, Huafeng, Effects of frequency and amplitude of cyclic loading on the dynamic characteristics of sandstone, Yantu Lixue/Rock and Soil Mechanics, 38, 12, pp. 3402-3418, (2017)
PUBLISHER: Biodiversity Research Center Academia Sinica
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Lu, J., Li, W., Zhan, W., Tie, Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Lu, Jiayan (57197830266); Li, Weile (25936551300); Zhan, Weiwei (57194511378); Tie, Yongbo (26656325300)
57197830266; 25936551300; 57194511378; 26656325300
Distribution and Mobility of Coseismic Landslides Triggered by the 2018 Hokkaido Earthquake in Japan
(2022) Remote Sensing, 14 (16), art. no. 3957, Cited 9 times.
DOI: 10.3390/rs14163957
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85137772915&doi=10.3390%2Frs14163957&partnerID=40&md5=09a566f476f577a65e8e18850618a5c6

AFFILIATIONS: Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China; China University of Geosciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; China Geological Survey, Beijing, Beijing, China; Tufts School of Engineering, Medford, MA, United States
ABSTRACT: At 3:08 on 6 September 2018 (UTC +9), massive landslides were triggered by an earthquake of Mw 6.6 that occurred in Hokkaido, Japan. In this paper, a coseismic landslide inventory that covers 388 km2 of the earthquake-impacted area and includes 5828 coseismic landslides with a total landslide area of 23.66 km2 was compiled by using visual interpretations of various high-resolution satellite images. To analyze the spatial distribution and characteristics of coseismic landslides, five factors were considered: the peak ground acceleration (PGA), elevation, slope gradient, slope aspect, and lithology. Results show more than 87% of the landslides occurred at 100 to 200 m elevations. Slopes in the range of 10~20°are the most susceptible to failure. The landslide density of the places with peak ground acceleration (PGA) greater than 0.16 g is obviously larger than those with PGA less than 0.02 g. Compared with the number and scale of coseismic landslides caused by other strong earthquakes and the mobility of the coseismic landslides caused by the Haiyan and Wenchuan earthquakes, it was found that the distribution of coseismic landslides was extremely dense and that the mobility of the Hokkaido earthquake was greater than that of the Wenchuan earthquake and weaker than that of the Haiyuan earthquake, and is described by the following relationship: L = 18.454 ∗ H0.612. Comparative analysis of coseismic landslides with similar magnitude has important guiding significance for disaster prevention and reduction and reconstruction planning of landslides in affected areas. © 2022 by the authors.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: coseismic landslide; Hokkaido earthquake; liquefaction; mobility; spatial distribution; superposition effect
INDEX KEYWORDS: Disaster prevention; Landslides; Lithology; Spatial distribution; Coseismic landslide; Distribution and mobility; Hokkaido; Hokkaido earthquake; Landslide areas; Landslide inventories; Mobility; Peak ground acceleration; Superposition effect; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes
REFERENCES: Keefer, David K., LANDSLIDES CAUSED BY EARTHQUAKES., Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 95, 4, pp. 406-421, (1984); 
Harp, Edwin L., Landslides triggered by the 1994 Northridge, California, earthquake, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 86, 1 SUPPL. B, pp. S319-S332, (1996); 
Keefer, David K., Investigating landslides caused by earthquakes - A historical review, Surveys in Geophysics, 23, 6, pp. 473-510, (2002); 
Khazai, Bijan, Evaluation of factors controlling earthquake-induced landslides caused by Chi-Chi earthquake and comparison with the Northridge and Loma Prieta events, Engineering Geology, 71, 1-2, pp. 79-95, (2004); 
Owen, Lewis A., Landslides triggered by the 8 October 2005 Kashmir earthquake, Geomorphology, 94, 1-2, pp. 1-9, (2008); 
Xu, Qiang, Landslide dams triggered by the Wenchuan Earthquake, Sichuan Province, south west China, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 68, 3, pp. 373-386, (2009); 
Xu, Qiang, Spatial distribution of large-scale landslides induced by the 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake, Journal of Mountain Science, 8, 2, pp. 246-260, (2011); 
Bo, Zhao, Landslides triggered by the Ms 6.9 Nyingchi earthquake, China (18 November 2017): analysis of the spatial distribution and occurrence factors, Landslides, 16, 4, pp. 765-776, (2019); 
Bo, Zhao, Preliminary analysis of some characteristics of coseismic landslides induced by the Hokkaido Iburi-Tobu earthquake (September 5, 2018), Japan, Catena, 189, (2020); 
Xu, Chong, Three (nearly) complete inventories of landslides triggered by the May 12, 2008 Wenchuan Mw 7.9 earthquake of China and their spatial distribution statistical analysis, Landslides, 11, 3, pp. 441-461, (2014)
PUBLISHER: MDPI
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS; GREEN ACCEPTED OPEN ACCESS; GREEN OPEN ACCESS

Kang, J., Wang, Z., Cheng, H., Wang, J., Liu, X.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Kang, Junmei (57202107365); Wang, Zhihua (57200899528); Cheng, Hongbin (57549519900); Wang, Jun (58463200400); Liu, Xiaoliang (57224109712)
57202107365; 57200899528; 57549519900; 58463200400; 57224109712
Remote Sensing Land Use Evolution in Earthquake-Stricken Regions of Wenchuan County, China
(2022) Sustainability (Switzerland), 14 (15), art. no. 9721, Cited 12 times.
DOI: 10.3390/su14159721
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85137192953&doi=10.3390%2Fsu14159721&partnerID=40&md5=afc6c2a49e2d68865fb36228fb6aa20c

AFFILIATIONS: The Second Monitoring and Application Center, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Earthquakes and their secondary geological disasters have a certain impact on the land cover, which leads to the degradation of the ecological environment and the stability of the ecosystem. At present, there are few studies on the spatial–temporal evolution characteristics of land-use change in earthquake-stricken regions, especially the lack of quantitative evaluation of the impact of earthquakes on land use at the micro-scale. The “5·12” Wenchuan ms8.0 earthquake caused serious damage to the surface resources in the disaster area. The study on the spatial–temporal evolution characteristics of land-use change in the disaster area can provide a reference for the remote sensing dynamic monitoring of the ecological environment. Therefore, based on geographical big data, this paper used a land-use comprehensive degree index, land-use transfer matrix, and landscape ecological index to explore and analyze the spatial–temporal evolution characteristics of land use in Wenchuan County before and after the earthquake. The results showed that the types of cropland, forest, built-up, and bare land changed greatly before and after the earthquake. During the earthquake recovery period, the comprehensive index of land use in the study area basically showed an increasing trend. Under the effect of artificial measures and natural restoration, land use was continuously improved, and vegetation was restored well. After 2008, the Patch Density (PD) and Landscape Shape Index (LSI) values of most landscape types decreased, and the Aggregation Index (AI) values increased, indicating that the ecological environment of the whole region showed a benign development in the post-earthquake period. The results not only contribute to the establishment of scientific ecological environment management in earthquake-stricken regions but also contribute to the formulation of long-term ecological environment monitoring and ecological restoration planning according to the law of land-use change. © 2022 by the authors.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: land use; landscape pattern; remote sensing; spatial–temporal evolution; Wenchuan earthquake
REFERENCES: Marano, Kristin D., Global earthquake casualties due to secondary effects: A quantitative analysis for improving rapid loss analyses, Natural Hazards, 52, 2, pp. 319-328, (2010); 
Wang, Zifa, A preliminary report on the Great Wenchuan Earthquake, Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, 7, 2, pp. 225-234, (2008); 
Ye, Shanshan, Damages and lessons from the wenchuan earthquake in China, Human and Ecological Risk Assessment, 17, 3, pp. 598-612, (2011); 
Earthquakes Impact Community Vulnerability and Resilience, (2019); 
Hu, Kaiheng, Landslides and dammed lakes triggered by the 2017 Ms6.9 Milin earthquake in the Tsangpo gorge, Landslides, 16, 5, pp. 993-1001, (2019); 
Li, Congrong, A decadal evolution of landslides and debris flows after the Wenchuan earthquake, Geomorphology, 323, pp. 1-12, (2018); 
Xiaoliang, Meng, Distributed geospatial analysis through web processing service: A case study of earthquake disaster assessment, Journal of Software, 5, 6, pp. 671-679, (2010); 
Sun, Tianhaozhe, Trench-breaching afterslip following deeper coseismic slip of the 2012 Mw 7.6 Costa Rica earthquake constrained by near-trench pressure and land-based geodetic observations, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 479, pp. 263-272, (2017); 
Elliott, John R., Earth Observation for the Assessment of Earthquake Hazard, Risk and Disaster Management, Surveys in Geophysics, 41, 6, pp. 1323-1354, (2020); 
Xiang, Mingshun, Dynamic monitoring and analysis of the earthquake Worst-hit area based on remote sensing, Alexandria Engineering Journal, 61, 11, pp. 8691-8702, (2022)
PUBLISHER: MDPI
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS; GREEN ACCEPTED OPEN ACCESS; GREEN OPEN ACCESS

Huang, H., Wang, F., Xiao, Y., Li, Y., Zhou, H.-L., Chen, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Huang, Huan (57199060015); Wang, Fan (57410101900); Xiao, Yi (57223122315); Li, Yuan (57246357900); Zhou, Huiling (57847064800); Chen, Jing (57845956700)
57199060015; 57410101900; 57223122315; 57246357900; 57847064800; 57845956700
To stay or to move? Investigation on residents' migration intention under frequent secondary disasters in Wenchuan earthquake-stricken area
(2022) Frontiers in Public Health, 10, art. no. 920233, Cited 16 times.
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.920233
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85135989341&doi=10.3389%2Ffpubh.2022.920233&partnerID=40&md5=03d809379a44052e117d5a133fc3b23b

AFFILIATIONS: College of Business, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Yangtze River Economic Zone Research Institution of RUC, Yibin, Sichuan, China; Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; College of Management Science, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; College of Economics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; School of Accountancy, Tianfu College of SWUFE, Mianyang, Sichuan, China; School of Architecture and Engineering, Tianfu College of SWUFE, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: The deterioration of the living environment caused by the earthquake is the main migration motivation of residents in the area of the secondary earthquake disaster, and their migration intention is one of the most important factors affecting residents' happiness. This paper uses 957 effective survey samples from 12 secondary geological disaster areas after the Wenchuan earthquake to research the migration intention of residents and its influencing factors. It can be found that 45.2% of residents are willing to migrate, which means they have an instinctive reaction to profit-seeking and harm-avoiding, but it has not become a realistic choice. Investigation facts and research results show that the instinctive response of profit-seeking and harm-avoiding drives residents to make different choices. The migration of residents in areas where secondary geological disasters occur is affected not only by disasters such as debris flow, landslides, and collapse, but also by many factors such as life convenience, family income, expectations for future life, gender, education level, psychological feeling. The improved life and the optimization of the economic conditions brought about by the success of post-disaster reconstruction have made the vast majority of people more confident in the future of the disaster-stricken areas, which made most people choose to stay in those areas. This paper will provide policy suggestions for residents' migration and the reconstruction of the local social governance system in secondary geological disaster areas, which is helpful to improve ecological livability and residents' happiness in the Wenchuan earthquake-stricken area. © © 2022 Huang, Wang, Xiao, Li, Zhou and Chen.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: linear probability model; migration intention; profit-seeking and harm-avoiding; secondary geological disaster; Wenchuan earthquake disaster area
INDEX KEYWORDS: behavior; disaster; earthquake; human; income; questionnaire; Disasters; Earthquakes; Humans; Income; Intention; Surveys and Questionnaires
REFERENCES: Huang, Runqiu, Analysis of the geo-hazards triggered by the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake, China, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 68, 3, pp. 363-371, (2009); 
Zhao, Jian, A rapid public health needs assessment framework for after major earthquakes using high-resolution satellite imagery, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15, 6, (2018); 
Parker, Robert N., Mass wasting triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake is greater than orogenic growth, Nature Geoscience, 4, 7, pp. 449-452, (2011); 
Yin, Yueping, Landslide hazards triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China, Landslides, 6, 2, pp. 139-152, (2009); 
Shi, Yan, Modeling business interruption impacts due to disrupted highway network of Shifang by the Wenchuan earthquake, Natural Hazards, 75, 2, pp. 1731-1745, (2015); 
Yuan, Yifan, Impact of intensity and loss assessment following the great Wenchuan Earthquake, Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, 7, 3, pp. 247-254, (2008); 
Ye, Shanshan, Damages and lessons from the wenchuan earthquake in China, Human and Ecological Risk Assessment, 17, 3, pp. 598-612, (2011); 
Liu, Zhujun, An economic lloss assessment framework of a region after Wenchuan earthquake, Disaster Advances, 6, 5, pp. 69-77, (2013); 
Wu, Jidong, Regional indirect economic impact evaluation of the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake, Environmental Earth Sciences, 65, 1, pp. 161-172, (2012); 
An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, (1776)
PUBLISHER: Frontiers Media S.A.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS; GREEN FINAL OPEN ACCESS; GREEN OPEN ACCESS

Xiong, J., Tang, C., Tang, H., Chen, M., Zhang, X., Shi, Q., Chang, M., Gong, L., Li, N., Li, M.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Xiong, Jiang (57217517892); Tang, Chuan (35932953300); Tang, Hai (57216781878); Chen, Ming (57199453005); Zhang, Xianzheng (57219298270); Shi, Qinyun (59039136000); Chang, Ming (36727157900); Gong, Lingfeng (57215612725); Li, Ning (57211181445); Li, Mingwei (57222871091)
57217517892; 35932953300; 57216781878; 57199453005; 57219298270; 59039136000; 36727157900; 57215612725; 57211181445; 57222871091
Long-term hillslope erosion and landslide–channel coupling in the area of the catastrophic Wenchuan earthquake
(2022) Engineering Geology, 305, art. no. 106727, Cited 31 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2022.106727
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85130697925&doi=10.1016%2Fj.enggeo.2022.106727&partnerID=40&md5=017c8aeeb2456f20e674e144248a80e8

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; The 11th Geology Team of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China; China Geological Survey, Beijing, Beijing, China; School of Sciences, Xihua University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Approximately 200,000 landslides were triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and subsequent strong rainfall events, and the amount of landslide sediment delivered to the channels within catchments depended on the amount of landslide debris generated by the earthquake and the amount of post-earthquake rainfall. To better understand long-term hillslope erosion and the long-term changes in landslide–channel coupling, this study quantifies the coupling degree of landslide–channel by defining a landslide-channel coupling index (LCCI) and estimates the long-term hillslope erosion driven by landslides within 12 debris flow basins. We track landslide activity using multiyear imagery from 2008 to 2019, and the landslide ratio, landslide new regeneration ratio, and landslide reactivated ratio indicate that the overall landslide activity decayed following the Wenchuan earthquake. The calculation results of the coupling index illustrate that the coupling degree of landslide–channel in the study area follows a power law trend of decay over time. However, due to the influence of landslide activity, the coupling index decreased significantly in the first 5 years after the Wenchuan earthquake and then decreased slowly. The hillslope erosion driven by landslides is estimated using a conservative statistical model. The result shows that the landslide-driven hillslope erosion has decayed following a power law, and elevated levels of erosion may last for an unexpectedly long period. In addition, the landslide–channel coupling degree affects the movement of landslide sediment to channels. While the coupling degree of landslide–channel and the amount of landslide sediment supplied to the channels have decreased significantly in recent years, abundant landslide sediment could still be delivered to the channels when strong rainfall occurs in this region. Furthermore, a considerable amount of sediment appears to remain within the tributary channels and trunk channels, which means the activity of debris flow may last longer period than hillslope erosion. © 2022
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flow activity; Landslide activity; Landslide–channel coupling; Long-term erosion; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Catchments; Debris; Earthquakes; Erosion; Rain; Sediments; Channel coupling; Coupling degree; Coupling indices; Debris flow activities; Debris flows; Hillslope erosion; Landslide activity; Landslide–channel coupling; Long-term erosion; Wenchuan Earthquake; Landslides; catastrophic event; debris flow; erosion; hillslope; landslide; rainfall; Sichuan earthquake 2008; slope failure
REFERENCES: Ascough, James C., The WEPP watershed model: I. Hydrology and erosion, Transactions - American Society of Agricultural Engineers: General Edition, 40, 4, pp. 921-933, (1997); 
Becht, Michael, Investigating sediment cascades using field measurements and spatial modelling, 291, pp. 206-213, (2005); 
Nat Hazards Earth Syst Sci Discuss, (2018); 
Borselli, L., Prolegomena to sediment and flow connectivity in the landscape: A GIS and field numerical assessment, Catena, 75, 3, pp. 268-277, (2008); 
Bossi, Giulia, Multi-temporal LiDAR-DTMs as a tool for modelling a complex landslide: A case study in the Rotolon catchment (eastern Italian Alps), Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 15, 4, pp. 715-722, (2015); 
Bracken, Louise J., Sediment connectivity: A framework for understanding sediment transfer at multiple scales, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 40, 2, pp. 177-188, (2015); 
Bremer, Magnus, Combining airborne and terrestrial laser scanning for quantifying erosion and deposition by a debris flow event, Geomorphology, 138, 1, pp. 49-60, (2012); 
Cabré, Albert, Mapping rainstorm erosion associated with an individual storm from InSAR coherence loss validated by field evidence for the Atacama Desert, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 45, 9, pp. 2091-2106, (2020); 
Caccavale, Mauro, An integrated approach to earthquake-induced landslide hazard zoning based on probabilistic seismic scenario for Phlegrean Islands (Ischia, Procida and Vivara), Italy, Geomorphology, 295, pp. 235-259, (2017); 
Cavalli, Marco, Geomorphometric assessment of spatial sediment connectivity in small Alpine catchments, Geomorphology, 188, pp. 31-41, (2013)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zhang, X., Tang, C., Li, N., Xiong, J., Chen, M., Li, M., Tang, C.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhang, Xianzheng (57219298270); Tang, Chenxiao (55486336700); Li, Ning (57211181445); Xiong, Jiang (57217517892); Chen, Ming (57199453005); Li, Mingwei (57222871091); Tang, Chuan (35932953300)
57219298270; 55486336700; 57211181445; 57217517892; 57199453005; 57222871091; 35932953300
Investigation of the 2019 Wenchuan County debris flow disaster suggests nonuniform spatial and temporal post-seismic debris flow evolution patterns
(2022) Landslides, 19 (8), pp. 1935 - 1956, Cited 26 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s10346-022-01896-6
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85130243169&doi=10.1007%2Fs10346-022-01896-6&partnerID=40&md5=5905119bd78f263d05124482d0f925d1

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; School of Sciences, Xihua University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: It is widely recognized that post-seismic mass movements amplify and decay. Previous studies have found that most post-seismic mass movement is concentrated in the first few years following an earthquake. A major debris flow occurred in Wenchuan County in 2019, 11 years after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, showing that there might be a different temporal evolution pattern. In Wenchuan Country, the area struck by the 2019 disaster was investigated to explore whether a pattern existed. Remote sensing and field surveys investigate the initiation processes, sediment supply, and triggering rainfall. The result shows that most of the active landslides occurred in high-elevation areas where vegetation cover was lacking, and nearly half of them were reactivated landslides. The debris flows were mainly initiated by run-off erosion of debris in steep channels, and more than half of the sediment supply was from deposition along the channels in some catchments. The spatial and temporal evolution of debris flows was analyzed by combining our investigation results with historical events. More debris flows occurred in the northern part of the study area, where the relative annual rainfall and coseismic landslide density were low. The average values of debris-active catchments’ size and relief are increasing, while the average values of their coseismic landslide density and the annual rainfall received were decreasing from 2008 to 2019. Larger catchments receiving less annual rainfall tend to have a more prolonged and enhanced mass movement. © 2022, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flow; Landslide; Post-seismic landslide evolution; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Catchments; Debris; Disasters; Earthquakes; Rain; Remote sensing; Runoff; Annual rainfall; Debris flows; Evolution patterns; Mass movement; Post-seismic landslide evolution; Sediment supply; Seismic landslides; Seismic mass; Temporal evolution; Wenchuan Earthquake; Landslides; catchment; coseismic process; debris flow; historical record; landslide; mass movement; rainfall; sedimentation; spatiotemporal analysis; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Barlow, John, Seismically-induced mass movements and volumetric fluxes resulting from the 2010 Mw=7.2 earthquake in the Sierra Cucapah, Mexico, Geomorphology, 230, pp. 138-145, (2015); 
Barth, Sophia, Landslide response to the 27 October 2012 earthquake (MW 7.8), southern Haida Gwaii, British Columbia, Canada, Landslides, 17, 3, pp. 517-526, (2020); 
Bontemps, Noélie, Rain and small earthquakes maintain a slow-moving landslide in a persistent critical state, Nature Communications, 11, 1, (2020); 
Development Characteristics and Risk Assessment of Debris Flow Along Yingxiu Gengda Highway in Wenchuan Earthquake Area, (2011); 
Journal of Sediment Research, (2019); 
Chen, Hongey, Relationship between earthquake disturbance, tropical rainstorms and debris movement: An overview from Taiwan, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 68, 2, pp. 161-186, (2009); 
Chen, Jinnchyi, Variability of impact of earthquake on debris-flow triggering conditions: Case study of Chen-Yu-Lan watershed, Taiwan, Environmental Earth Sciences, 64, 7, pp. 1787-1794, (2011); 
Chen, Jinnchyi, Characteristics of rainfall triggering of debris flows in the Chenyulan watershed, Taiwan, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 13, 4, pp. 1015-1023, (2013); 
Chen, Xiaoqing, Engineering measures for debris flow hazard mitigation in the Wenchuan earthquake area, Engineering Geology, 194, pp. 73-85, (2015); 
Dadson, Simon J., Earthquake-triggered increase in sediment delivery from an active mountain belt, Geology, 32, 8, pp. 733-736, (2004)
PUBLISHER: Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Guo, X.-J., Chen, L., Yan, X.-F., Li, X.-J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Guo, Xiuji (59919680100); Chen, Li (59921265100); Yan, Xiaofei (59922222500); Li, Xinjie (54410783400)
59919680100; 59921265100; 59922222500; 54410783400
An Analysis of Siltation Process and Storage Capacity Change Characteristics of Zipingpu Reservoir since 2008 2008 年以来紫坪铺水库淤积过程及库容变化特性分析
(2022) China Rural Water and Hydropower, (7), pp. 55 - 66, Cited 1 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-105006917779&partnerID=40&md5=d3d98843958c92cabe3ca3bf13c0c90f

AFFILIATIONS: Yellow River Conservancy Commission, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
ABSTRACT: Wenchuan Earthquake has strongly changed the climate and underlying surface conditions around Zipingpu Reservoir. The frequent occurrence of secondary disasters and changes in the process of runoff and confluence prompted the dynamic adjustment of siltation characteristics in the reservoir area.Based on the measured topographic data since April 2008，the reservoir capacity change and sedimentation evolution process of Zipingpu Reservoir since the earthquake are analyzed. The results show that ①The M13 cross-section landslide barrier body divides the reservoir area into upper reservoir and lower reservoir. Before 2015，the reservoir area is mainly silted by dead reservoir capacity. After 2015，the upper reservoir regulation capacity decreases，and the lower reservoir dead reservoir siltation accelerates. ② The earthquake has greatly accelerated the siltation process of the reservoir，and the adjustment of the siltation distribution in the reservoir area is mainly affected by the evolution process of the barrier lake in the upper reservoir. ③ The earthquake has a great influence on the deposition distribution below 850 m and above 871.2 m，and has a little influence on the interval of 850~871.2 m. ④ Below the elevation of 830 m is the main body of siltation in the reservoir area，and the reservoir sections of dam~M13 and M13~M28 are the main locations of siltation. ⑤ The content of medium and fine sand accounts for 81.57% in the reservoir area，especially the fine sand seriously encroaches on the sediment storage capacity of the reservoir，which will have a negative impact on the benefit and flood control of the reservoir. © 2022 Editorial Office Of China Rural Water And Hydropower. All rights reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: barrier lake; deposition distribution; deposition morphology; storage capacity change; Wenchuan Earthquake; Zipingpu Reservoir
REFERENCES: undefined, (2011); 
undefined, (2018); 
undefined, (2012); 
undefined, (2009); 
undefined, (2018); 
Tao, Wei, Impoundment of the Zipingpu reservoir and triggering of the 2008 Mw 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 120, 10, pp. 7033-7047, (2015); 
Cheng, Huihong, Comprehensive understanding of the Zipingpu reservoir to the MS8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, Acta Geophysica Sinica, 58, 4, pp. 1220-1235, (2015); 
undefined, (2016); 
Comput Geotech, (2020); 
Ji, Feng, Characteristics and parameters of bank collapse in coarse-grained-material reservoirs based on back analysis and long sequence monitoring, Geomorphology, 333, pp. 92-104, (2019)
PUBLISHER: Editorial Office Of China Rural Water And Hydropower
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Yuan, X., Liu, C., Nie, R., Yang, Z., Li, W., Dai, X., Cheng, J., Zhang, J., Ma, L., Fu, X., Tang, M., Xu, Y., Lu, H.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Yuan, Xinyue (57797334600); Liu, Chao (57444861000); Nie, Ruihua (15822189300); Yang, Zhengli (57188686820); Li, Weile (25936551300); Dai, Xiao'ai (24449282600); Cheng, Junying (57217198095); Zhang, Junmin (57609155700); Ma, Lei (55737287800); Fu, Xiao (59050285300); Tang, Min (57197825267); Xu, Yina (57798034500); Lu, Heng (56131247400)
57797334600; 57444861000; 15822189300; 57188686820; 25936551300; 24449282600; 57217198095; 57609155700; 55737287800; 59050285300; 57197825267; 57798034500; 56131247400
A Comparative Analysis of Certainty Factor-Based Machine Learning Methods for Collapse and Landslide Susceptibility Mapping in Wenchuan County, China
(2022) Remote Sensing, 14 (14), art. no. 3259, Cited 54 times.
DOI: 10.3390/rs14143259
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85134072069&doi=10.3390%2Frs14143259&partnerID=40&md5=a002d7609f0ac29643be77ad3ea0089d

AFFILIATIONS: Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; College of Hydraulic and Hydroelectric Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; College of Earth Sciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; China Railway Eryuan Engineering Group Co. Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: After the “5·12” Wenchuan earthquake in 2008, collapses and landslides have occurred continuously, resulting in the accumulation of a large quantity of loose sediment on slopes or in gullies, providing rich material source reserves for the occurrence of debris flow and flash flood disasters. Therefore, it is of great significance to build a collapse and landslide susceptibility evaluation model in Wenchuan County for local disaster prevention and mitigation. Taking Wenchuan County as the research object and according to the data of 1081 historical collapse and landslide disaster points, as well as the natural environment, this paper first selects six categories of environmental factors (13 environmental factors in total) including topography (slope, aspect, curva-ture, terrain relief, TWI), geological structure (lithology, soil type, distance to fault), meteorology and hydrology (rainfall, distance to river), seismic impact (PGA), ecological impact (NDVI), and impact of human activity (land use). It then builds three single models (LR, SVM, RF) and three CF-based hybrid models (CF-LR, CF-SVM, CF-RF), and makes a comparative analysis of the accuracy and reliability of the models, thereby obtaining the optimal model in the research area. Finally, this study discusses the contribution of environmental factors to the collapse and the landslide susceptibility prediction of the optimal model. The research results show that (1) the areas prone to extremely high collapse and landslide predicted by the six models (LR, CF-LR, SVM, CF-SVM, RF and CF-RF) have an area of 730.595 km2, 377.521 km2, 361.772 km2, 372.979 km2, 318.631 km2, and 306.51 km2, respectively, and the frequency ratio precision of collapses and landslides is 0.916, 0.938, 0.955, 0.956, 0.972, and 0.984, respectively; (2) the ranking of the comprehensive index based on the confusion matrix is CF-RF>RF>CF-SVM>CF-LR>SVM>LR and the ranking of the AUC value is CF-RF>RF>CF-SVM>CF-LR>SVM>LR. To a certain extent, the coupling models can improve precision more over the single models. The CF-RF model ranks the highest in all in-dexes, with a POA value of 257.046 and an AUC value of 0.946; (3) rainfall, soil type, and distance to river are the three most important environmental factors, accounting for 24.216%, 22.309%, and 11.41%, respectively. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the monitoring of mountains and rock masses close to rivers in case of rainstorms in Wenchuan county and other similar areas prone to post-earthquake landslides. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: certainty factor; collapse and landslide disaster; machine learning model; susceptibility evaluation; Wenchuan county
INDEX KEYWORDS: Aspect ratio; Debris; Disaster prevention; Earthquakes; Land use; Landforms; Landslides; Lithology; Machine learning; Reliability analysis; Topography; Certainty factors; Collapse and landslide disaster; Collapses and landslides; Comparative analyzes; Environmental factors; Landslide susceptibility; Machine learning models; Soil types; Susceptibility evaluations; Wenchuan county; Disasters
REFERENCES: Martínez-Moreno, F. J., Collapse susceptibility map in abandoned mining areas by microgravity survey: A case study in Candado hill (Málaga, southern Spain), Journal of Applied Geophysics, 130, pp. 101-109, (2016); 
Wang, Xiao, Landslide susceptibility assessment in Wenchuan County after the 5.12 magnitude earthquake, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 80, 7, pp. 5369-5390, (2021); 
Carrión-Mero, Paúl, Worldwide research trends in landslide science, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18, 18, (2021); 
Ye, Peng, Rainfall-induced landslide susceptibility mapping using machine learning algorithms and comparison of their performance in Hilly area of Fujian Province, China, Natural Hazards, 113, 2, pp. 965-995, (2022); 
Youssef, Ahmed Mohamed, Landslide susceptibility mapping using machine learning algorithms and comparison of their performance at Abha Basin, Asir Region, Saudi Arabia, Geoscience Frontiers, 12, 2, pp. 639-655, (2021); 
Demir, Go¨khan, Landslide susceptibility mapping by frequency ratio and logistic regression methods: an example from Niksar–Resadiye (Tokat, Turkey), Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 8, 3, pp. 1801-1812, (2015); 
Assilzadeh, Hamid, Landslide catastrophes and disaster risk reduction: A GIS framework for landslide prevention and management, Remote Sensing, 2, 9, pp. 2259-2273, (2010); 
Azarafza, Mohammad, Landslide susceptibility assessment of South Pars Special Zone, southwest Iran, Environmental Earth Sciences, 77, 24, (2018); 
Ngo, Phuong Thao Thi, Evaluation of deep learning algorithms for national scale landslide susceptibility mapping of Iran, Geoscience Frontiers, 12, 2, pp. 505-519, (2021); 
Chen, Wei, A GIS-based comparative study of Dempster-Shafer, logistic regression and artificial neural network models for landslide susceptibility mapping, Geocarto International, 32, 4, pp. 367-385, (2017)
PUBLISHER: MDPI
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS; GREEN ACCEPTED OPEN ACCESS; GREEN OPEN ACCESS

Li, Y., Hu, K., Zhang, X., Hu, X., Ning, L., Li, H.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Li, Yanji (57204356443); Hu, Kaiheng (55648903800); Zhang, Xiaopeng (57205765097); Hu, Xudong (57204681802); Ning, Lan (57579310700); Li, Hao (57605111200)
57204356443; 55648903800; 57205765097; 57204681802; 57579310700; 57605111200
Assessment of Debris Flow Activity in Response to an Earthquake Using the Sediment Connectivity Index
(2022) Frontiers in Earth Science, 10, art. no. 921706, Cited 6 times.
DOI: 10.3389/feart.2022.921706
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85133549774&doi=10.3389%2Ffeart.2022.921706&partnerID=40&md5=bc8f99b57a5076d119eeeabf4629b3ea

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China
ABSTRACT: Large earthquakes can trigger landslides and collapses, which not only increase the mass of loose solid materials but also change the topography of catchments. Debris flow activity in response to earthquakes is of widespread concern; however, most studies have focused on the material conditions and flow property variations prior to and after earthquakes. In this study, we investigate temporal variations in the debris flow activity in a typical catchment in the Wenchuan Earthquake area via the sediment connectivity index (IC), which reflects the sediment delivery efficiency in the catchment. The IC values in different tributaries and during different time periods were calculated to determine their spatial distribution and temporal variations. The results show that high IC values are distributed in downstream tributaries near the main fault. The IC values decreased significantly following a 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake, indicating a continuous decrease in the sediment transfer ability. The debris flow history and loose solid material amounts were also investigated via field surveys. The debris flow activity is closely related to variations in the solid material source amounts and the IC values in the catchment. This study provides a new insight into the assessment of debris flow activity with respect to its close relationship with the distribution of loose solid materials and the sediment connectivity. © © 2022 Li, Hu, Zhang, Hu, Ning and Li.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: debris-flow activity; geomorphometry; material source; sediment connectivity; Wenchuan Earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: connectivity; debris flow; morphometry; sediment transport; Sichuan earthquake 2008; temporal variation; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Relationship Between Sediment Connectivity and Debris Flow in A Mountain Catchment, (2021); 
Borselli, L., Prolegomena to sediment and flow connectivity in the landscape: A GIS and field numerical assessment, Catena, 75, 3, pp. 268-277, (2008); 
Bracken, Louise J., Sediment connectivity: A framework for understanding sediment transfer at multiple scales, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 40, 2, pp. 177-188, (2015); 
Cavalli, Marco, Geomorphometric assessment of spatial sediment connectivity in small Alpine catchments, Geomorphology, 188, pp. 31-41, (2013); 
Cossart, Étienne, Assessment of structural sediment connectivity within catchments: Insights from graph theory, Earth Surface Dynamics, 5, 2, pp. 253-268, (2017); 
Crema, Stefano, SedInConnect: a stand-alone, free and open source tool for the assessment of sediment connectivity, Computers and Geosciences, 111, pp. 39-45, (2018); 
Cui, Peng, The 12 May Wenchuan earthquake-induced landslide lakes: Distribution and preliminary risk evaluation, Landslides, 6, 3, pp. 209-223, (2009); 
Dadson, Simon J., Earthquake-triggered increase in sediment delivery from an active mountain belt, Geology, 32, 8, pp. 733-736, (2004); 
Fan, Xuanmei, Two multi-temporal datasets that track the enhanced landsliding after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Earth System Science Data, 11, 1, pp. 35-55, (2019); 
Fan, Xuanmei, Earthquake-Induced Chains of Geologic Hazards: Patterns, Mechanisms, and Impacts, Reviews of Geophysics, 57, 2, pp. 421-503, (2019)
PUBLISHER: Frontiers Media SA
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Tian, M., Li, L., Xiong, Z.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Tian, Mi (57206275854); Li, Lihua (7501447027); Xiong, Zimin (57672097800)
57206275854; 7501447027; 57672097800
A data-driven method for predicting debris-flow runout zones by integrating multivariate adaptive regression splines and Akaike information criterion
(2022) Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 81 (6), art. no. 222, Cited 8 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s10064-022-02701-3
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85129643419&doi=10.1007%2Fs10064-022-02701-3&partnerID=40&md5=ce3d7a2bb228324520b876a764b79540

AFFILIATIONS: Architecture and Environment, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
ABSTRACT: Debris-flow runout zones are important parameters for delineation of endangered areas and design of mitigation works. It is necessary to properly determine the debris-flow runout for hazard assessment and control measures design. Many empirical-statistical correlations have related runout characteristics (e.g., runout distance) to debris-flow volume or topographical parameters. However, the predictability of empirical-statistical models is always questionable due to the great randomness of debris flows and assumption of inputs and functional relationships prior to analysis. This paper develops a data-driven method to predict the debris-flow runout by integrating multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) and Akaike information criterion (AIC) without assumption of input parameters and specific function relationships. The debris-flow volume and topographical parameters (e.g., catchment internal relief) are investigated as candidate inputs to train MARS models for estimating the runout characteristics of debris flows. Then, the most appropriate inputs and MARS models for debris-flow runout are identified by AIC. The proposed approaches are illustrated using channelized debris-flow data in Wenchuan earthquake zone. Results showed that the developed method can select the most appropriate MARS models for the debris-flow runout zones in Wenchuan earthquake-stricken area. The developed MARS models portray the regression relationships entirely "driven" from the training data and provide objective and explicit relationships of debris-flow runout zones. Compared with the previous empirical correlations in Wenchuan area, the proposed MARS models have higher prediction accuracy. Even for extreme debris-flow events, the MARS models also show satisfactory accuracy. © 2022, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Akaike information criterion; Debris flow; Hazard assessment; Multivariate adaptive regression splines; Runout zones
INDEX KEYWORDS: Catchments; Conservation; Data integration; Debris; Earthquakes; Forecasting; Regression analysis; Runoff; Akaike's information criterions; Data-driven methods; Debris flows; Flow volumes; Hazard Assessment; Multivariate adaptive regression splines; Multivariate adaptive regression splines models; Run outs; Runout zone; Wenchuan Earthquake; Hazards; Akaike information criterion; debris flow; hazard assessment; multivariate analysis; prediction; regression analysis; topography; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Asmar, Basel N., The potential of the Discrete Element Method to simulate debris flow, International Conference on Debris-Flow Hazards Mitigation: Mechanics, Prediction, and Assessment, Proceedings, 1, pp. 435-445, (2003); 
Bathurst, James C., DEBRIS FLOW RUN-OUT AND LANDSLIDE SEDIMENT DELIVERY MODEL TESTS, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 123, 5, pp. 410-419, (1997); 
Berti, Matteo, Prediction of debris flow inundation areas using empirical mobility relationships, Geomorphology, 90, 1-2, pp. 144-161, (2007); 
Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning, (2006); 
Chang, Chiwen, Estimation of sediment volume of debris flow caused by extreme rainfall in Taiwan, Engineering Geology, 123, 1-2, pp. 83-90, (2011); 
Chen, H., Numerical simulation of debris flows, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 37, 1, pp. 146-160, (2000); 
Crosta, Giovanni Battista, Controls on modern alluvial fan processes in the Central Alps, Northern Italy, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 29, 3, pp. 267-293, (2004); 
Cui, Peng, The Wenchuan Earthquake (May 12, 2008), Sichuan Province, China, and resulting geohazards, Natural Hazards, 56, 1, pp. 19-36, (2011); 
D’Agostino, Vincenzo, Field and laboratory investigations of runout distances of debris flows in the Dolomites (Eastern Italian Alps), Geomorphology, 115, 3-4, pp. 294-304, (2010); 
Dai, Fuchu, Landslide risk assessment and management: An overview, Engineering Geology, 64, 1, pp. 65-87, (2002)
PUBLISHER: Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Lin, L., Chen, G., Shi, W., Jin, J., Wu, J., Huang, F., Chong, Y., Meng, Y., Li, Y., Zhang, Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Lin, Linxin (57467478100); Chen, Guan (56468201400); Shi, Wei (57219945252); Jin, Jiacheng (57222416494); Wu, Jie (57608491200); Huang, Fengchun (57700611100); Chong, Yan (57219948200); Meng, Yang (59593059200); Li, Yajun (56602623300); Zhang, Yi (56997600500)
57467478100; 56468201400; 57219945252; 57222416494; 57608491200; 57700611100; 57219948200; 59593059200; 56602623300; 56997600500
Spatiotemporal Evolution Pattern and Driving Mechanisms of Landslides in the Wenchuan Earthquake-Affected Region: A Case Study in the Bailong River Basin, China
(2022) Remote Sensing, 14 (10), art. no. 2339, Cited 11 times.
DOI: 10.3390/rs14102339
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85130340794&doi=10.3390%2Frs14102339&partnerID=40&md5=83fb1567147e76063b7a0dfcaf3219f4

AFFILIATIONS: School of Earth Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China; Technology & Innovation Centre for Environmental Geology and Geohazards Prevention, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China; Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China; College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China; Lanzhou Country Garden School, Lanzhou, China
ABSTRACT: Understanding the spatiotemporal evolution and driving mechanisms of landslides fol-lowing a mega-earthquake at the catchment scale can lead to improved landslide hazard assessment and reduced related risk. However, little effort has been made to undertake such research in the Wenchuan earthquake-affected region, outside Sichuan Province, China. In this study, we used the Goulinping valley in the Bailong River basin in southern Gansu Province, China, as an example. By examining the multitemporal inventory, we revealed various characteristics of the spatiotemporal evolution of landslides over the past 13 years (2007–2020). We evaluated the activity of landslides using multisource remote-sensing technology, analyzed the driving mechanisms of landslides, and further quantified the contribution of landslide evolution to debris flow in the catchment. Our results indicate that the number of landslides increased by nearly six times from 2007 to 2020, and the total volume of landslides approximately doubled. The evolution of landslides in the catchment can be divided into three stages: the earthquake driving stage (2008), the coupled driving stage of earthquake and rainfall (2008–2017), and the rainfall driving stage (2017–present). Landslides in the upstream limestone area were responsive to earthquakes, while the middle–lower loess–phyllite-dominated reaches were mainly controlled by rainfall. Thus, the current landslides in the upstream region remain stable, and those in the mid-downstream are vigorous. Small landslides and mid-downstream slope erosion can rapidly provide abundant debris flow and reduce its threshold, leading to an increase in the frequency and scale of debris flow. This study lays the foundation for studying landslide mechanisms in the Bailong River basin or similar regions. It also aids in engineering management and landslide risk mitigation under seismic activity and climate change conditions. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: earthquake; evolution characteristics; landslide; rainfall; state of activity; the Bailong River basin
INDEX KEYWORDS: Catchments; Climate change; Debris; Earthquakes; Landslides; Lime; Remote sensing; Risk assessment; Rivers; Runoff; Watersheds; Debris flows; Down-stream; Driving mechanism; Earthquake; Evolution characteristics; River basins; Spatiotemporal evolution; State of activity; The bailong river basin; Wenchuan Earthquake; Rain
REFERENCES: Petley, David N., Global patterns of loss of life from landslides, Geology, 40, 10, pp. 927-930, (2012); 
Michael J. Crozier, Michael J., Deciphering the effect of climate change on landslide activity: A review, Geomorphology, 124, 3-4, pp. 260-267, (2010); 
Haque, Ubydul, The human cost of global warming: Deadly landslides and their triggers (1995–2014), Science of the Total Environment, 682, pp. 673-684, (2019); 
Fan, Xuanmei, Earthquake-Induced Chains of Geologic Hazards: Patterns, Mechanisms, and Impacts, Reviews of Geophysics, 57, 2, pp. 421-503, (2019); 
Lin, Qigen, Spatial and temporal analysis of a fatal landslide inventory in China from 1950 to 2016, Landslides, 15, 12, pp. 2357-2372, (2018); 
Qi, Tianjun, Distribution and characteristics of large landslides in a fault zone: A case study of the NE Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Geomorphology, 379, (2021); 
Yin, Yueping, Landslide hazards triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China, Landslides, 6, 2, pp. 139-152, (2009); 
Qi, Shengwen, Spatial distribution analysis of landslides triggered by 2008.5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake, China, Engineering Geology, 116, 1-2, pp. 95-108, (2010); 
Bai, Shibiao, Comparing characteristics of rainfall- and earthquake-triggered landslides in the Upper Minjiang catchment, China, Engineering Geology, 268, (2020); 
Zhong, Xiumei, Distribution rules of geo-hazards induced by Wenchuan Earthquake, Yantu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 33, SUPPL. 1, pp. 349-353, (2011)
PUBLISHER: MDPI
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS; GREEN ACCEPTED OPEN ACCESS; GREEN OPEN ACCESS

Zheng, H., Liu, B., Han, S., Fan, X., Zou, T., Zhou, Z., Gong, H.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zheng, Huangyuying (57581155400); Liu, Bin (56464425200); Han, Suyue (57215499164); Fan, Xinyue (57760733000); Zou, Tianyi (57578081300); Zhou, Zhongli (7406092969); Gong, Hao (57215502684)
57581155400; 56464425200; 57215499164; 57760733000; 57578081300; 7406092969; 57215502684
Research on landslide hazard spatial prediction models based on deep neural networks: a case study of northwest Sichuan, China
(2022) Environmental Earth Sciences, 81 (9), art. no. 258, Cited 15 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s12665-022-10369-x
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85128467624&doi=10.1007%2Fs12665-022-10369-x&partnerID=40&md5=ba03e3b143cda82f7fed9f92faec0cb7

AFFILIATIONS: College of Management Science, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; College of Mathematics and Physics, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Geomathematics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; College of Culture and Art, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: The Wenchuan earthquake in 2008 induced thousands of geological hazards. Among them, earthquake-induced landslides are extremely disastrous, causing considerable social and economic losses and damage to the ecology and environment. Therefore, it is of great significance to accurately predict the spatial distribution of earthquake-induced landslides. The research in this paper focuses on ten extremely earthquake-stricken areas of the Wenchuan earthquake; landslide hazard data are collected from the study areas, and the terrain information entropy, distance to rivers, distance to faults, distance to roads, lithology, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), peak ground acceleration (PGA) and other landslide conditioning factors are extracted. Combined with a deep neural network (DNN), a landslide hazard spatial prediction model is constructed. Through Dataset 1 and Dataset 2, which are generated randomly, the training dataset (70%) and the validation dataset (30%) are divided to verify the robustness and accuracy of the model, and the landslide susceptibility map of the study area is obtained. Moreover, considering the area under curve (AUC), the impacts of different conditioning factors on the landslide hazard prediction model are analyzed. The research results show that the DNN-based landslide hazard spatial prediction model (AUC<inf>Mean</inf> = 93.66%, Recall<inf>Mean</inf> = 85.70%) has a better prediction performance in the training step. From the validation step, the influences of various factors on the spatial prediction model of landslide hazards established in this paper (from high to low) are as follows: distance to faults, lithology, distance to rivers, PGA, terrain information entropy, NDVI, and distance to roads. The landslide hazard point data and landslide susceptibility map are highly consistent, indicating that the application of a deep learning algorithm in hazard susceptibility assessment is effective and can provide a scientific basis for landslide hazard early warning and disaster prevention and mitigation in mountainous areas prone to earthquake disasters. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: DNN; Landslide hazard; Landslide spatial prediction modeling; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Deep neural networks; Disaster prevention; Disasters; Faulting; Forecasting; Hazards; Landslides; Lithology; Losses; Earthquake-induced landslides; Information entropy; Landslide hazard; Landslide spatial prediction modeling; Landslide susceptibility; Normalized difference vegetation index; Peak ground acceleration; Spatial prediction modeling; Study areas; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes; algorithm; disaster management; earthquake damage; landslide; Sichuan earthquake 2008; spatial distribution; China
REFERENCES: Abuzied, Sara M., Spatial prediction of landslide-susceptible zones in El-Qaá area, Egypt, using an integrated approach based on GIS statistical analysis, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 78, 4, pp. 2169-2195, (2019); 
Abuzied, Sara M., Hydro-geomorphic assessment of erosion intensity and sediment yield initiated debris-flow hazards at Wadi Dahab Watershed, Egypt, Georisk, 15, 3, pp. 221-246, (2021); 
Abuzied, Sara M., Geospatial susceptibility mapping of earthquake-induced landslides in Nuweiba area, Gulf of Aqaba, Egypt, Journal of Mountain Science, 13, 7, pp. 1286-1303, (2016); 
Aditian, Aril, Comparison of GIS-based landslide susceptibility models using frequency ratio, logistic regression, and artificial neural network in a tertiary region of Ambon, Indonesia, Geomorphology, 318, pp. 101-111, (2018); 
Nanehkaran, Yaser Ahangari, Fuzzy based multiple decision method for landslide susceptibility and hazard assessment: A case study of Tabriz, Iran, Geomechanics and Engineering, 24, 5, pp. 407-418, (2021); 
Alexander, David E., Vulnerability to Landslides, pp. 175-198, (2012); 
Azarafza, Mohammad, Landslide susceptibility assessment of South Pars Special Zone, southwest Iran, Environmental Earth Sciences, 77, 24, (2018); 
Azarafza, Mohammad, Deep learning-based landslide susceptibility mapping, Scientific Reports, 11, 1, (2021); 
Tien Bui, D., Comparing the prediction performance of a Deep Learning Neural Network model with conventional machine learning models in landslide susceptibility assessment, Catena, 188, (2020); 
Chen, Zhaohua, Landslide hazard mapping using logistic regression model in Mackenzie Valley, Canada, Natural Hazards, 42, 1, pp. 75-89, (2007)
PUBLISHER: Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zhang, N., Sun, Q., Yang, Z.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhang, Ni (56367373600); Sun, Qing (16319595300); Yang, Zongji (24485723300)
56367373600; 16319595300; 24485723300
Exportation of coseismic deposits in areas affected by the Wenchuan earthquake
(2022) Landslides, 19 (5), pp. 1199 - 1207, Cited 1 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s10346-021-01826-y
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85123884362&doi=10.1007%2Fs10346-021-01826-y&partnerID=40&md5=9b6deb891034683bc50fe756f48baed4

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Coseismic deposits are easily transported outside of valleys, thereby inflicting damage through debris flows or aggregating and elevating riverbeds in the fluvial network. The evolution of coseismic deposits is crucial for predicting the sediment transport capacity and export time for managing postseismic geohazards; however, this evolution remains unclear. In this study, the spatiotemporal evolution of coseismic deposits due to rainfall is quantified at the valley scale to further obtain the sediment transport capacity. The results show that the relative average thickness predominantly controls the evolution pattern of the coseismic deposits. The sediment transport capacity, which is primarily influenced by rainfall conditions and topography, can be drastically increased by dam breaching and channel narrowing. Moreover, the computed export time, which significantly varies with the spatiotemporal distribution of deposits and the local climate, ranges from 2 to 80 years in the areas affected by the Wenchuan earthquake. This study contributes to providing scientific guidelines for efficiently managing postseismic geohazards and planning for disaster mitigation. © 2021, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Coseismic deposits; Export time; Sediment transport capacity; Spatiotemporal evolution; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Deposits; Hazards; Landslides; Rain; Sediment transport; Sedimentation; Topography; Coseismic deposit; Debris flows; Evolution patterns; Export time; Fluvials; Geohazards; Rainfall condition; Sediment transport capacity; Spatiotemporal evolution; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes; coseismic process; disaster management; earthquake damage; earthquake epicenter; earthquake event; rainfall; sediment transport; Sichuan earthquake 2008
REFERENCES: Chang, Ming, Hazard assessment of debris flows in the Wenchuan earthquake-stricken area, South West China, Landslides, 14, 5, pp. 1783-1792, (2017); 
Chen, Hongxin, A physically-based multi-hazard risk assessment platform for regional rainfall-induced slope failures and debris flows, Engineering Geology, 203, pp. 15-29, (2016); 
Chen, Ming, Quantitative assessment of physical fragility of buildings to the debris flow on 20 August 2019 in the Cutou gully, Wenchuan, southwestern China, Engineering Geology, 293, (2021); 
Chen, Ningsheng, Impact of earthquake on debris flows - A case study on the wenchuan earthquake, Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami, 5, 5, pp. 493-508, (2011); 
Chen, Roufei, Topographical changes revealed by high-resolution airborne LiDAR data: The 1999 Tsaoling landslide induced by the Chi-Chi earthquake, Engineering Geology, 88, 3-4, pp. 160-172, (2006); 
Croissant, Thomas, Rapid post-seismic landslide evacuation boosted by dynamic river width, Nature Geoscience, 10, 9, pp. 680-684, (2017); 
Dadson, Simon J., Links between erosion, runoff variability and seismicity in the Taiwan orogen, Nature, 426, 6967, pp. 648-651, (2003); 
Domènech, Guillem, Modelling the role of material depletion, grain coarsening and revegetation in debris flow occurrences after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Engineering Geology, 250, pp. 34-44, (2019); 
Journal of the Japan of the Society of Erosion Control Engineering, (1993); 
Fan, Ruilin, Evolution of debris flow activities in Gaojiagou Ravine during 2008–2016 after the Wenchuan earthquake, Engineering Geology, 235, pp. 1-10, (2018)
PUBLISHER: Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Cheng, H., Huang, Y., Zhang, W.-J., Xu, Q.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Cheng, Hualin (57199118591); Huang, Yu (57204857931); Zhang, Weijie (56230316400); Xu, Qiang (56506033600)
57199118591; 57204857931; 56230316400; 56506033600
Physical process-based runout modeling and hazard assessment of catastrophic debris flow using SPH incorporated with ArcGIS: A case study of the Hongchun gully
(2022) Catena, 212, art. no. 106052, Cited 26 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.catena.2022.106052
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85123245532&doi=10.1016%2Fj.catena.2022.106052&partnerID=40&md5=65ec50c22da12786db0fd60b720cd72f

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Geotechnical Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Engineering, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China; Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: Catastrophic debris flows frequently occur in mountainous areas after an earthquake owing to a substantially increased amount of loosened co-seismic material. Debris flows pose a serious challenge for the reconstruction of earthquake-stricken areas because of their potential reoccurrence over the course of several years after a given earthquake event. It is therefore essential to clarify the dynamics of large-scale debris flows and accurately assess the potential hazard risks. This study selected the Hongchun gully debris flow that occurred on August 14, 2010 in the areas affected by the Wenchuan earthquake in southwestern China as a typical case to analyze the formation conditions and physical processes of catastrophic debris flows. The smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method was used to reconstruct the physical process of the Hongchun gully debris flow across 3D terrain. The SPH numerical results were integrated into the ArcGIS platform to perform further spatial analysis of the hazard intensity and identify the hazard risk level. The calculated accumulated hazard area agrees well with the field data. By introducing a frequency-magnitude empirical formula, a hazard assessment model of debris flows is proposed based on flow depth and momentum, and applied to predict the potential risk of the Hongchun gully debris flow under different recurrence periods. This work provides a new method for performing hazard assessments of debris flows, and also serves as a guide for reconstruction planning in earthquake-hit areas. © 2022 Elsevier B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flow; Hazard assessment; Hongchun gully; SPH numerical model; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: ArcGIS; debris flow; earthquake event; gully; hazard assessment; modeling; spatial analysis; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Bui, Ha H., Lagrangian meshfree particles method (SPH) for large deformation and failure flows of geomaterial using elastic-plastic soil constitutive model, International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, 32, 12, pp. 1537-1570, (2008); 
Bui, Ha H., Smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) and its applications in geomechanics: From solid fracture to granular behaviour and multiphase flows in porous media, Computers and Geotechnics, 138, (2021); 
Chang, Ming, Hazard assessment of debris flows in the Wenchuan earthquake-stricken area, South West China, Landslides, 14, 5, pp. 1783-1792, (2017); 
Chen, Hong, Runout analysis of slurry flows with Bingham model, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering - ASCE, 128, 12, pp. 1032-1042, (2002); 
Chen, J. K., A corrective smoothed particle method for boundary value problems in heat conduction, International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 46, 2, pp. 231-252, (1999); 
Chen, Ningsheng, Comparative study on debris flow initiation in limestone and sandstone spoil, Journal of Mountain Science, 10, 2, pp. 190-198, (2013); 
Investigation Technology for Debris Flows, (2011); 
Cui, Peng, Risk assessment of highways affected by debris flows in Wenchuan earthquake area, Journal of Mountain Science, 10, 2, pp. 173-189, (2013); 
Cui, Peng, Risk assessment of simultaneous debris flows in mountain townships, Progress in Physical Geography, 37, 4, pp. 516-542, (2013); 
Dai, Zili, Numerical investigation on the kinetic characteristics of the Yigong debris flow in Tibet, China, Water (Switzerland), 13, 8, (2021)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Xia, J., Liu, H., Zhu, L.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Xia, Jun (57607453500); Liu, Hongjiang (59819039800); Zhu, Linfu (57679201700)
57607453500; 59819039800; 57679201700
Landslide Hazard Identification Based on Deep Learning and Sentinel-2 Remote Sensing Imagery
(2022) Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2258 (1), art. no. 012031, Cited 7 times.
DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/2258/1/012031
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85129833652&doi=10.1088%2F1742-6596%2F2258%2F1%2F012031&partnerID=40&md5=03282112a8bfd2bbd9b4cb1485f65fd2

AFFILIATIONS: School of Tourism, Leshan Teachers College, Leshan, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Landslide is one of the common geological disasters, which seriously threatens human life and property safety. It is particularly important to quickly identify landslide information. This paper takes the Wenchuan earthquake landslide area as the research area, and uses 7 deep learning methods(4-Layer-CNN, AlexNet, ResNet152V2, DenseNet201, InceptionV3, Xception and InceptionResNetV2) to discuss landslide detection methods based on Sentinel-2 remote sensing images. Using the marked landslide and non-landslide sample points, the Sentinel-2 remote sensing image was sliced into 80×80 pixel tiles, and then the deep learning method was used for model training, verification and testing. The results show that : (1) Among the 7 deep learning models, the F1-Score of the DenseNet201 model is the largest, reaching 0.8872, and the RMSE is the smallest 0.2503. It can be seen that the DenseNet model has a good recognition effect on landslide samples, with an accuracy of 0.9172; (2) Second It is InceptionResNetV2, the F1-Score is 0.8721, the RMSE is 0.2721, and the landslide sample recognition accuracy is 0.9012; (3) the worst effect is AlexNet, the minimum F1-Score is only 0.7263, the maximum RMSE is 0.4022, and the accuracy is 0.8295. It can be seen that the deep learning method is applied to Sentinel-2 remote sensing images for landslide image detection, and the accuracy can reach 91.72%, which can quickly and accurately identify landslide information, and improve the method reference and decision basis for disaster prevention and mitigation. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.
INDEX KEYWORDS: Deep learning; Disaster prevention; Disasters; Earthquakes; Image enhancement; Remote sensing; F1 scores; Geological disaster; Hazard identification; Human lives; Landslide hazard; Learning methods; Property; Remote sensing imagery; Remote sensing images; Wenchuan Earthquake; Landslides
REFERENCES: Marjanović, Miloš, Landslide assessment of the starča basin (croatia) using machine learning algorithms, Acta Geotechnica Slovenica, 8, 2, pp. 45-55, (2011); 
Goetz, Jason N., Evaluating machine learning and statistical prediction techniques for landslide susceptibility modeling, Computers and Geosciences, 81, pp. 1-11, (2015); 
Krizhevsky, Alex, ImageNet classification with deep convolutional neural networks, Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 2, pp. 1097-1105, (2012); 
Romero, Adriana, Unsupervised deep feature extraction for remote sensing image classification, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 54, 3, pp. 1349-1362, (2016); 
Ullo, Silvia Liberata, Landslide Geohazard Assessment with Convolutional Neural Networks Using Sentinel-2 Imagery Data, International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), pp. 9646-9649, (2019); 
Li, Chang, Valuable clues for dcnn-based landslide detection from a comparative assessment in the wenchuan earthquake area, Sensors, 21, 15, (2021); 
Gao, Xiao, Recognition and Mapping of Landslide Using a Fully Convolutional DenseNet and Influencing Factors, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, 14, pp. 7881-7894, (2021); 
Ullo, Silvia Liberata, A New Mask R-CNN-Based Method for Improved Landslide Detection, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, 14, pp. 3799-3810, (2021); 
Ji, Shunping, Landslide detection from an open satellite imagery and digital elevation model dataset using attention boosted convolutional neural networks, Landslides, 17, 6, pp. 1337-1352, (2020); 
Analysis of Radar Technology Identification Model for Potential Geologic Hazard Based on Convolutional Neural Network and Big Data, (2021)
PUBLISHER: Institute of Physics
CONFERENCE NAME: 2022 5th International Conference on Advanced Algorithms and Control Engineering, ICAACE 2022
CONFERENCE DATE: 2022-01-20 through 2022-01-22
CONFERENCE LOCATION: Sanya
CONFERENCE CODE: 179054
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Su, H., Fernandez, G., Hu, X., Wu, S., Di, B., Tan, C.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Su, Haichuan (57562554900); Fernandez, Glenn (55906045900); Hu, Xiaoxi (57562181300); Wu, Shaolin (57215536172); Di, Baofeng (14057800700); Tan, Chunping (55881014800)
57562554900; 55906045900; 57562181300; 57215536172; 14057800700; 55881014800
Predicting Change in Adaptation Strategies of Households to Geological Hazards in the Longmenshan Area, China Using Machine Learning and GIS
(2022) Water (Switzerland), 14 (7), art. no. 1023, Cited 2 times.
DOI: 10.3390/w14071023
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85127548046&doi=10.3390%2Fw14071023&partnerID=40&md5=4879cb21b9a4ba4fc74149258704a14d

AFFILIATIONS: Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong; School of Emergency Management, Xihua University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Hydrological changes combined with earthquakes easily trigger secondary disasters, in-cluding geological hazards. The secondary hazard of precipitation is the main disaster type in the Longmenshan Area (China). The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake caused more than 60,000 landslides, severely affecting rural households. This study aimed to answer two questions: (1) How did households adapt to the landslide-prone post-earthquake environment? (2) How will the households’ adaptation strategies change if landslide frequency changes? Different post-disaster adaptation strategies of households in Longmenshan Town, Sichuan, China were identified through a questionnaire survey and then clustered into groups based on similarity using a K-means algorithm. Afterward, a gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT) was used to predict change in adaptation strategies if there was a change in the frequency of landslides. The results show that there are three types of landslide adaptation strategies in the study area: (1) autonomous adaptation; (2) policy-dependent adaptation; and (3) hybrid adaptation, which is a mixture of the first two types. If the frequency of landslides is increased, then around 5% of households previously under the autonomous adaptation type would be converted to policy-dependent and hybrid adaptation types. If the frequency of landslides is reduced, then around 5% of households with policy-dependent adaptation strategies would be converted to the autonomous adaptation type. This exploratory study provides a glimpse of how machine learning can be utilized to predict how adaptation strategies would be modified if hazard frequency changed. A follow-up long-term study in Longmenshan Town is needed to confirm whether the predictions are indeed correct. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: adaptation strategy; GBDT; landslide; machine learning; mountain hazards
INDEX KEYWORDS: Decision trees; Disasters; Earthquakes; Forecasting; Geographic information systems; Geology; Hazards; K-means clustering; Machine learning; Surveys; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Adaptation strategies; Geological hazards; Gradient boosting; Gradient boosting decision tree; Hybrid adaptation; Hydrological changes; Machine-learning; Mountain hazard; Secondary disasters; Landslides; adaptation; geological hazard; prediction; questionnaire survey; China; Longmen Mountains; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Journal of Disaster Prevention and Reduction, (2021); 
Wang, Qianfeng, Temporal-spatial characteristics of severe drought events and their impact on agriculture on a global scale, Quaternary International, 349, pp. 10-21, (2014); 
Xu, Chong, Did the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake lead to a net volume loss?, pp. 191-196, (2014); 
Zhang, Shuai, Impact of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China on subsequent long-term debris flow activities in the epicentral area, Geomorphology, 276, pp. 86-103, (2017); 
Tang, Chuan, Landslides induced by the Wenchuan earthquake and the subsequent strong rainfall event: A case study in the Beichuan area of China, Engineering Geology, 122, 1-2, pp. 22-33, (2011); 
Chigira, Masahiro, Landslides induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China, Geomorphology, 118, 3-4, pp. 225-238, (2010); 
Görüm, Tolga, Distribution pattern of earthquake-induced landslides triggered by the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Geomorphology, 133, 3-4, pp. 152-167, (2011); 
Xu, Guobao, Regional drought shifts (1710–2010) in East Central Asia and linkages with atmospheric circulation recorded in tree-ring δ 18 O, Climate Dynamics, 52, 1-2, pp. 713-727, (2019); 
Chen, Xiaoqing, Engineering measures for debris flow hazard mitigation in the Wenchuan earthquake area, Engineering Geology, 194, pp. 73-85, (2015); 
Huang, Runqiu, Post-earthquake landsliding and long-term impacts in the Wenchuan earthquake area, China, Engineering Geology, 182, PB, pp. 111-120, (2014)
PUBLISHER: MDPI
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS; GREEN ACCEPTED OPEN ACCESS; GREEN OPEN ACCESS

Li, N., Tang, C., Yang, T.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Li, Ning (57211181445); Tang, Chuan (35932953300); Yang, Tao (58761034900)
57211181445; 35932953300; 58761034900
Ten years of landslide development after the Wenchuan earthquake: a case study from Miansi town, China
(2022) Natural Hazards, 111 (3), pp. 2787 - 2808, Cited 5 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11069-021-05157-y
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85122900483&doi=10.1007%2Fs11069-021-05157-y&partnerID=40&md5=3499545111c0c5bbff08035a61785c97

AFFILIATIONS: School of Sciences, Xihua University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Survey and Design Institute, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: The earthquake outbreak on 12 May 2008, in Wenchuan County caused long-term instability and frequent geological hazards on the mountain slopes in the earthquake area. Considering Miansi town in the strong earthquake area as an example, this paper analyses the development and characteristics of landslides in the 10 years after the earthquake. We collected five periods of remote sensing images in the 10 years after the earthquake, obtained the corresponding landslide distribution and activity characteristics, and then analysed the development of landslide activity over the 10 years. The total area of the landslides grew intensively from 2008 to 2014, and then the growth rate slowed down significantly after the heavy rainfall event on 10 July 2013. At the same time, the influence of slope, slope aspect, distance to a river channel, elevation, and other factors on the probability of landslides is analysed by using the distribution of the landslides. The areas that are prone to landslides, which mainly include the areas with elevations of 1700–3200 m, the areas with slopes of 30–60°, the areas with aspects of 90°–225° (with north having an aspect of 0°), and the area that are less than 200 m from a river channel, are divided according to the distribution density. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Controlling factors; Debris flow; Dynamic evolution; Landslides; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: debris flow; growth rate; landslide; remote sensing; Sichuan earthquake 2008; slope dynamics; China
REFERENCES: Brardinoni, Francesco, Representing the landslide magnitude-frequency relation: Capilano River basin, British Columbia, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 29, 1, pp. 115-124, (2004); 
Mountain Research, (2014); 
Cui, Peng, The 12 May Wenchuan earthquake-induced landslide lakes: Distribution and preliminary risk evaluation, Landslides, 6, 3, pp. 209-223, (2009); 
Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011); 
Del Gaudio, Vincenzo, Advances and problems in understanding the seismic response of potentially unstable slopes, Engineering Geology, 122, 1-2, pp. 73-83, (2011); 
Fan, Xuanmei, What we have learned from the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake and its aftermath: A decade of research and challenges, Engineering Geology, 241, pp. 25-32, (2018); 
Fan, Xuanmei, Two multi-temporal datasets that track the enhanced landsliding after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Earth System Science Data, 11, 1, pp. 35-55, (2019); 
Galli, Mirco, Comparing landslide inventory maps, Geomorphology, 94, 3-4, pp. 268-289, (2008); 
Görüm, Tolga, Distribution pattern of earthquake-induced landslides triggered by the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Geomorphology, 133, 3-4, pp. 152-167, (2011); 
Guzzetti, Fausto, Power-law correlations of landslide areas in central Italy, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 195, 3-4, pp. 169-183, (2002)
PUBLISHER: Springer Science and Business Media B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Kang, D., Zou, S.-Z., Ma, L., Yin, C., Zhu, D.-H.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Kang, Di (55642746800); Zou, Shuzhen (56587397800); Ma, Long (57571816200); Yin, Caijia Jjia (57244702600); Zhu, Dahai (57195735363)
55642746800; 56587397800; 57571816200; 57244702600; 57195735363
Abiotic Regulation: Landslide Scale and Altitude Regulate Functional Traits of Regenerating Plant Communities After Earthquakes
(2022) Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 10, art. no. 846642, Cited 10 times.
DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.846642
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85127968510&doi=10.3389%2Ffevo.2022.846642&partnerID=40&md5=502198aa68340db72691bcdc33903a0c

AFFILIATIONS: China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan, China; The Research Center of Recycle Agricultural Engineering and Technology of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, Shaanxi, China; Management Office of Longxi-Hongkou National Nature Reserve, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Regeneration and assembly of a plant community after a large-scale natural disturbance are affected by many factors. The relative importance of abiotic factors represented by the external environment and the biological factors inside the plant community during this process is still unexplored. This work investigated the regions affected by the Wenchuan earthquake, focusing on areas with the highest intensity (XI degrees) of this earthquake, and the process of community assembly through functional traits on landslides. The aim of this study was to understand the importance of factors influencing community assembly from the perspective of functional traits. The main conclusion is presented as follows: after the regeneration of large earthquake-induced landslides, community-level functional traits covering many plant organs, such as roots, stems, leaves and seeds, are obviously different from those unaffected by landslides. Functional traits do not show strong phylogenetic conservatism. Overall, community traits are divergent or random, and the degree of divergence among the different traits varies. Species composition and alpha diversity have minimal effect on community functional traits during the process of landslide restoration. Landslide scale and altitude significantly affected community-level functional traits in the process of community assembly. All the findings suggested that the functional traits of regenerating vegetation after the earthquake changed significantly and that the functional traits depended more on abiotic regulation than on evolutionary and species-specific factors. © © 2022 Kang, Zou, Ma, Yin and Zhu.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: community assembly; earthquakes; functional traits; landslide; phylogeny
REFERENCES: Ackerly, David D., A trait-based approach to community assembly: Partitioning of species trait values into within- and among-community components, Ecology Letters, 10, 2, pp. 135-145, (2007); 
Allen, Robert B., Immediate damage by an earthquake to a temperate montane forest, Ecology, 80, 2, pp. 708-714, (1999); 
Bull Ecol Soc Am, (2001); 
Blomberg, Simone P., Testing for phylogenetic signal in comparative data: Behavioral traits are more labile, Evolution, 57, 4, pp. 717-745, (2003); 
Bruelheide, Helge, Global trait–environment relationships of plant communities, Nature Ecology and Evolution, 2, 12, pp. 1906-1917, (2018); 
Cheng, Yikang, Effects of functional diversity and phylogenetic diversity on the tropical cloud forest community assembly, Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 43, 3, pp. 217-226, (2019); 
Cui, Peng, Destruction of vegetation due to geo-hazards and its environmental impacts in the Wenchuan earthquake areas, Ecological Engineering, 44, pp. 61-69, (2012); 
Loto, Dante E., Species composition, structure, and functional traits in Argentine Chaco forests under two different disturbance histories, Ecological Indicators, 113, (2020); 
Journal of Vegetation Science, (1998); 
Foster, Bryan Latimer, Propagule pools mediate community assembly and diversity-ecosystem regulation along a grassland productivity gradient, Journal of Ecology, 92, 3, pp. 435-449, (2004)
PUBLISHER: Frontiers Media S.A.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Zhu, L., Yang, Q., Luo, L., Cui, S.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhu, Ling (57210012612); Yang, Qingwen (57192083411); Luo, Luguang (57211367952); Cui, Shenghua (56660242900)
57210012612; 57192083411; 57211367952; 56660242900
Pore-Water Pressure Model for Carbonate Fault Materials Based on Cyclic Triaxial Tests
(2022) Frontiers in Earth Science, 10, art. no. 842765, Cited 5 times.
DOI: 10.3389/feart.2022.842765
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85127401745&doi=10.3389%2Ffeart.2022.842765&partnerID=40&md5=b93dabe3fc8224c606adbdb4c7b6eaf7

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation – ITC, Enschede, Overijssel, Netherlands
ABSTRACT: Pore-water pressure generation in the saturated carbonate fault zone plays a key role in the initiation of the Daguangbao landslide, which is the largest landslide triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China. This paper examines the pore-water pressure behavior and the influence of cyclic stress and initial stress state, and establishes a pore-water pressure model of carbonate fault materials. A series of cyclic triaxial tests of saturated carbonate fault materials were carried out, covering a broad range of frequencies, cyclic shear stress ratios and confining pressures. The test results show that the pore-water pressure in the materials increases rapidly under cyclic loading, revealing a significant liquefaction potential. The generation of pore-water pressure is barely affected by frequency. The higher cyclic shear stress ratio accelerates the generation of the pore-water pressure, while the higher confining pressure increases liquefaction resistance. Furthermore, an energy method is proposed to evaluate the development behavior of the pore-water pressure. An energy-based pore-water pressure model that accounts for the effects of frequency, cyclic shear stress ratio and confining pressure is established. The generation of the pore-water pressure is attributed to the grain crushing in the special fault materials with low-strength calcareous cementation. This work provides a novel model and some innovative observations for better understanding the pore-water pressure behavior of carbonate fault materials under seismic loading. © © 2022 Zhu, Yang, Luo and Cui.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: carbonate fault materials; cyclic stress; initial stress state; model; pore-water pressure
INDEX KEYWORDS: carbonate; cyclic loading; fault zone; pore pressure; porewater; Sichuan earthquake 2008; triaxial test
REFERENCES: Azeiteiro, Ricardo J.N., Energy-based evaluation of liquefaction potential under non-uniform cyclic loading, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 92, pp. 650-665, (2017); 
Balreddy, Muttana S., Effect of fines on pore pressure development during cyclic loading, Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 15, pp. 83-90, (2019); 
Chang, Chingshung, Pore pressure development during cyclic loading, Journal of Geotechcnical Engineering, 109, 1, pp. 103-107, (1983); 
Charlie, Wayne A., Dilatational-wave-induced pore-water pressure in soil, Experimental Mechanics, 29, 4, pp. 437-442, (1989); 
Chen, Guoxing, Excess Pore-Water Pressure Generation in Cyclic Undrained Testing, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering - ASCE, 145, 7, (2019); 
Chen, Yie Ruey, Evaluation of soil liquefaction potential based on the nonlinear energy dissipation principles, Journal of Earthquake Engineering, 17, 1, pp. 54-72, (2013); 
Cui, Shenghua, Effects of geological and tectonic characteristics on the earthquake-triggered Daguangbao landslide, China, Landslides, 15, 4, pp. 649-667, (2018); 
Cui, Shenghua, Liquefaction within a bedding fault: Understanding the initiation and movement of the Daguangbao landslide triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake (Ms = 8.0), Engineering Geology, 295, (2021); 
Cui, Shenghua, On the initiation and movement mechanisms of a catastrophic landslide triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan (Ms 8.0) earthquake in the epicenter area, Landslides, 14, 3, pp. 805-819, (2017); 
Cui, Shenghua, Geological and morphological study of the Daguangbao landslide triggered by the Ms. 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Geomorphology, 370, (2020)
PUBLISHER: Frontiers Media SA
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Li, L., Li, G.K., Li, L., Li, G.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Li, Laifeng (57188729713); Li, Gen K. (57223190125); Li, Le (57191834075); Li, Gaojun (14627592900)
57188729713; 57223190125; 57191834075; 14627592900
Landslide-Induced Weathering in Tectonically Active Mountains: Evidence From Dissolved Radiogenic Uranium Isotopes
(2022) Frontiers in Earth Science, 10, art. no. 825818, Cited 6 times.
DOI: 10.3389/feart.2022.825818
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85126788357&doi=10.3389%2Ffeart.2022.825818&partnerID=40&md5=ab9974bc27eb4253feb43957984981f6

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Surficial Geochemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States
ABSTRACT: Understanding weathering processes in landslide-dominated catchments is critical for evaluating the role of landslides in chemical weathering and the global carbon cycle. Previous studies have focused on solute concentrations in landslide-impacted landscapes, but have paid less attention to developing isotopic tracers of landslide-induced weathering fluxes. Recent work found that the dissolved radiogenic uranium isotopes in river water are closely related to the denudation rates in catchments draining steep mountains where landslides are thought to be a major erosion mechanism, suggesting the potential of uranium isotopes to trace landslide-induced weathering fluxes. Here we compile the dissolved radiogenic uranium isotopes (234U/238U ratios) in the river water samples from a group of catchments with variable landslide activities in the Minjiang River Basin at the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. We derive three metrics of landslide activity from the analyses of digital topography and an inventory map of the co-seismic landslides triggered by the 2008 Mw7.9 Wenchuan earthquake: the normalized volume of landslides, the mean catchment slope angle, and the fraction of slopes steeper than a threshold angle beyond which slopes are mechanically unstable. The riverine dissolved 234U/238U ratios correlate negatively with the metrics of landslide activity in each catchment, which likely reflect the influence of landslides on the dissolved 234U/238U ratios. Mechanistically, enhanced bedrock landsliding would accelerate the exposure of fresh rock, promoting bedrock weathering and congruent dissolution of 234U and 238U contained in minerals; reduced landslide activities and enhanced regolith weathering would lead to preferential accumulation of 234U against 238U in solutes through alpha-recoil ejection, thus increasing dissolved 234U/238U. Our findings provide field evidence of using the riverine dissolved 234U/238U ratio to trace weathering fluxes driven by landslides, shedding new light on chemical weathering processes in uplifting mountains. © © 2022 Li, Li, Li and Li.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: chemical weathering; landslide; tectonic uplift; tectonically active mountains; uranium isotope
INDEX KEYWORDS: chemical weathering; denudation; erosion rate; landslide; radionuclide; river water; uplift; uranium isotope; China; Min Basin [Sichuan]; Qinghai-Xizang Plateau; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Bourdon, Bernard, Uranium-series geochemistry, 52, pp. 1-656, (2003); 
Burbank, Douglas W., Bedrock incision, rock uplift and threshold hillslopes in the northwestern Himalayas, Nature, 379, 6565, pp. 505-510, (1996); 
Chabaux, François, U-Th-Ra fractionation during weathering and river transport, 52, pp. 533-576, (2003); 
Clarke, Brian A., Bedrock fracturing, threshold hillslopes, and limits to the magnitude of bedrock landslides, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 297, 3-4, pp. 577-586, (2010); 
Croissant, Thomas, Pulsed carbon export from mountains by earthquake-Triggered landslides explored in a reduced-complexity model, Earth Surface Dynamics, 9, 4, pp. 823-844, (2021); 
Deng, Kai, The Upper Limit of Denudation Rate Measurement From Cosmogenic 10Be(Meteoric)/9Be Ratios in Taiwan, Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 126, 10, (2021); 
Emberson, Robert A., Combined effect of carbonate and biotite dissolution in landslides biases silicate weathering proxies, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 213, pp. 418-434, (2017); 
Emberson, Robert A., Weathering of Reactive Mineral Phases in Landslides Acts as a Source of Carbon Dioxide in Mountain Belts, Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 123, 10, pp. 2695-2713, (2018); 
Emberson, Robert A., Chemical weathering in active mountain belts controlled by stochastic bedrock landsliding, Nature Geoscience, 9, 1, pp. 42-45, (2016); 
Fan, Xuanmei, Earthquake-Induced Chains of Geologic Hazards: Patterns, Mechanisms, and Impacts, Reviews of Geophysics, 57, 2, pp. 421-503, (2019)
PUBLISHER: Frontiers Media SA
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Shi, X., Cui, S., Pei, X., Zhu, L., Yang, Q.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Shi, Xingxing (57221554409); Cui, Shenghua (56660242900); Pei, Xiangjun (14058672500); Zhu, Ling (57210012612); Yang, Qingwen (57192083411)
57221554409; 56660242900; 14058672500; 57210012612; 57192083411
A study of the pro-water pressure for initiation of a large landslide triggered by a strong earthquake based on fluid-structure coupling 基于流固耦合的强震大型滑坡水力激发效应研究
(2022) Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, 49 (2), pp. 102 - 114, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.16030/j.cnki.issn.1000-3665.202104052
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85163424396&doi=10.16030%2Fj.cnki.issn.1000-3665.202104052&partnerID=40&md5=3862e7817257ddde0412de087450abfd

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: The Daguangbao landslide is the largest co-seismic landslide with a volume of approximately 12×108 m3, which triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake (Ms 8.0) occurred on May 12, 2008. The slide zone is located in the Paleozoic carbonate strata and it is an interlayer structural dislocation zone with a depth of 400 m and a maximum thickness of 5 m inside the slope. A previous study concluded that the shear failure of the Daguangbao landslide developed within the bedding fault. Our latest investigation showed that this bedding fault was under the water table, and its rock mass was saturated before the landslide. To reveal the initiation mechanism of the Daguangbao landslide related to the groundwater, a simplified model of a hard carbonate slope with an inter-weak layer is given. The response characteristics of the model are stimulated by a fluid-structure coupling algorithm using the FLAC3D. The results show that significant differences in deformation patterns during the earthquake, such as response time, wave shape, and amplitude exist between the upper and lower hard layers. Three uncoordinated deformation patterns, i.e., tension, compress, and shearing coming from the upper layer to the weak layer, are identified. The deformation pattern results in the amplification of compress and shear forces within the weak layer. The stress amplification subsequently induces excess pore water pressure with instant amplification and accumulation features. It is reasonably inferred that the excess pore water pressure essentially reduces the effective stress of the bedding fault. Our simulation confirms that the excess pore-water pressure can be generated within a saturated bedding fault deep situated in a slope during a strong earthquake. We propose that the excess pore water pressure within the saturated fault at 400 m underground is the cause of the Daguangbao landslide. © Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology 2022.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Daguangbao landslide; excess pore water pressure; FLAC3D; fluid-structure coupling; groundwater; Wenchuan earthquake
REFERENCES: Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011); 
Large Scale Landslides Induced by the Wenchuan Earthquake, (2009); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2009); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2025); 
Seismic Responses of Wake Interlayer and Initiation Mechanisms of Large Landslide During Strong Earthquake, (2017); 
Cui, Shenghua, An initiation model of DGB landslide: non-coordinated deformation inducing rock damage in sliding zone during strong seismic shaking, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 38, 2, pp. 237-253, (2019); 
Yin, Yueping, Dynamic response characteristics of Daguangbao landslide triggered by Wenchuan earthquake, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 31, 10, pp. 1969-1982, (2012); 
Zhang, Yingbin Bin, Effects of near-fault seismic loadings on run-out of large-scale landslide: A case study, Engineering Geology, 166, pp. 216-236, (2013); 
Song, Yixiang, Numerical modelling of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake-triggered Daguangbao landslide using a velocity and displacement dependent friction law, Engineering Geology, 215, pp. 50-68, (2016); 
Xiwei, Xu, Coseismic reverse- and oblique-slip surface faulting generated by the 2008 Mw 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Geology, 37, 6, pp. 515-518, (2009)
PUBLISHER: Editorial Office of Hydrogeology and Engineering
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Francis, O.R., Fan, X., Hales, T.C., Hobley, D.E.J., Xu, Q., Huang, R.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Francis, Oliver R. (26321063200); Fan, Xuanmei (12752112800); Hales, Tristram Charles (9741921500); Hobley, Daniel E.J. (36501645100); Xu, Qiang (56506033600); Huang, Runqiu (55835407700)
26321063200; 12752112800; 9741921500; 36501645100; 56506033600; 55835407700
The Fate of Sediment After a Large Earthquake
(2022) Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 127 (3), art. no. e2021JF006352, Cited 35 times.
DOI: 10.1029/2021JF006352
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85127251020&doi=10.1029%2F2021JF006352&partnerID=40&md5=4206ad810e31a4a4a0a47fe4bbab57eb

AFFILIATIONS: Sustainable Places Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, South Glamorgan, Wales, United Kingdom; School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, South Glamorgan, Wales, United Kingdom; Section 4.7: Earth Surface Process Modelling, GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany; State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; RSK ADAS Ltd., Helsby, Cheshire, United Kingdom
ABSTRACT: Large earthquakes rapidly denude hillslopes by triggering thousands of coseismic landslides. The sediment produced by these landslides is initially quickly mobilised from the landscape by an interconnected cascade of processes. This cascade can dramatically but briefly enhance local erosion rates. Hillslope and channel processes, such as landsliding and debris flows, interact to influence the total mass, caliber, and rate of sediment transport through catchments. Calculating the sediment budget of an earthquake lends insight into the nature of these interactions. Using satellite imagery derived landslide inventories, channel surveys and a literature review combined with a Monte Carlo simulation approach we present a constrained sediment budget of the first decade after the 2008 M<inf>w</inf>7.9 Wenchuan earthquake. With this sediment budget we demonstrate that debris flows are dominant process for delivering sediment into channels and that large volumes of sediment remain in the landscape. In our study area over 88% (469.7 Mega tonnes) of the coseismically generated sediment remains on the hillslopes in 2018. Of the 12% of the sediment that was mobilised, 67% (45.2 ± 22 Mt) was mobilised by debris flows. Despite the large proportion of sediment remaining on the hillslope, the frequency of debris flows declined significantly over our observation period. The reduction in debris-flow frequency is not correlated to reductions in the frequency of triggering storms, suggesting changes in the mechanical properties of hillslope sediment may drive this observation. The stabilization of coseismically generated sediment greatly extends its residence time and may influence catchment sediment yields for centuries or millennia. © 2022. The Authors.
INDEX KEYWORDS: coseismic process; debris flow; earthquake trigger; erosion rate; hillslope; landslide; Monte Carlo analysis; satellite imagery; sediment budget; sediment transport; sediment yield; trigger mechanism; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Bennett, Georgina L., A probabilistic sediment cascade model of sediment transfer in the Illgraben, Water Resources Research, 50, 2, pp. 1225-1244, (2014); 
Burchfiel, B. Clark, A geological and geophysical context for the Wenchuan earthquake of 12 May 2008, Sichuan, People's Republic of China, GSA Today, 18, 7, pp. 4-11, (2008); 
Campforts, Benjamin, HyLands 1.0: A hybrid landscape evolution model to simulate the impact of landslides and landslide-derived sediment on landscape evolution, Geoscientific Model Development, 13, 9, pp. 3863-3886, (2020); 
Chang, Dongsheng, Field testing of erodibility of two landslide dams triggered by the 12 May Wenchuan earthquake, Landslides, 8, 3, pp. 321-332, (2011); 
Chen, Ming, The long-term evolution of landslide activity near the epicentral area of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China, Geomorphology, 367, (2020); 
Croissant, Thomas, Rapid post-seismic landslide evacuation boosted by dynamic river width, Nature Geoscience, 10, 9, pp. 680-684, (2017); 
Croissant, Thomas, Seismic cycles, earthquakes, landslides and sediment fluxes: Linking tectonics to surface processes using a reduced-complexity model, Geomorphology, 339, pp. 87-103, (2019); 
Cui, Peng, The mechanisms behind shallow failures in slopes comprised of landslide deposits, Engineering Geology, 180, pp. 34-44, (2014); 
Cui, Peng, Scale amplification of natural debris flows caused by cascading landslide dam failures, Geomorphology, 182, pp. 173-189, (2013); 
Dadson, Simon J., Earthquake-triggered increase in sediment delivery from an active mountain belt, Geology, 32, 8, pp. 733-736, (2004)
PUBLISHER: John Wiley and Sons Inc
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; HYBRID GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Li, S., Ni, Z., Zhao, Y., Hu, W., Long, Z., Ma, H., Zhou, G., Luo, Y., Geng, C.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Li, Shuai (57482740300); Ni, Zhongyun (16239096700); Zhao, Yinbing (8059876000); Hu, Wei (42361224100); Long, Zhenrui (57481942200); Ma, Haiyu (57482579300); Zhou, Guoli (57482414700); Luo, Yuhao (57482740400); Geng, Chuntao (57482740500)
57482740300; 16239096700; 8059876000; 42361224100; 57481942200; 57482579300; 57482414700; 57482740400; 57482740500
Susceptibility Analysis of Geohazards in the Longmen Mountain Region after the Wenchuan Earthquake
(2022) International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19 (6), art. no. 3229, Cited 12 times.
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063229
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85126055233&doi=10.3390%2Fijerph19063229&partnerID=40&md5=8bdfecc74e2c048876f18c8e794e8940

AFFILIATIONS: College of Tourism and Urban-Rural Planning, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; College of Earth Sciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; School of Geography, University of Galway, Galway, Connacht, Ireland; Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Department of Natural Resources, Sichuan Research Institute of Ecological Restoration of Land Space and Geohazard Prevention and Control, Chengdu, China; College of Information, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
ABSTRACT: Multitemporal geohazard susceptibility analysis can not only provide reliable results but can also help identify the differences in the mechanisms of different elements under different temporal and spatial backgrounds, so as to better accurately prevent and control geohazards. Here, we studied the 12 counties (cities) that were severely affected by the Wenchuan earthquake of 12 May 2008. Our study was divided into four time periods: 2008, 2009–2012, 2013, and 2014–2017. Common geohazards in the study area, such as landslides, collapses and debris flows, were taken into ac-count. We constructed a geohazard susceptibility index evaluation system that included topogra-phy, geology, land cover, meteorology, hydrology, and human activities. Then we used a random forest model to study the changes in geohazard susceptibility during the Wenchuan earthquake, the following ten years, and its driving mechanisms. We had four main findings. (1) The susceptibility of geohazards from 2008 to 2017 gradually increased and their spatial distribution was significantly correlated with the main faults and rivers. (2) The Yingxiu-Beichuan Fault, the western section of the Jiangyou-Dujiangyan Fault, and the Minjiang and Fujiang rivers were highly susceptible to geohazards, and changes in geohazard susceptibility mainly occurred along the Pingwu-Qingchuan Fault, the eastern section of the Jiangyou-Dujiangyan Fault, and the riparian areas of the Mianyuan River, Zagunao River, Tongkou River, Baicao River, and other secondary rivers. (3) The relative contribution of topographic factors to geohazards in the four different periods was stable, geological factors slowly decreased, and meteorological and hydrological factors increased. In ad-dition, the impact of land cover in 2008 was more significant than during other periods, and the impact of human activities had an upward trend from 2008 to 2017. (4) Elevation and slope had significant topographical effects, coupled with the geological environmental effects of engineering rock groups and faults, and river-derived effects, which resulted in a spatial aggregation of geohaz-ard susceptibility. We attributed the dynamic changes in the areas that were highly susceptible to geohazards around the faults and rivers to the changes in the intensity of earthquakes and precipitation in different periods. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Geohazard susceptibility; Longmenshan fault zone; Random forest model; Superposition effect
INDEX KEYWORDS: algorithm; fault zone; geological hazard; hazard assessment; numerical model; Sichuan earthquake 2008; article; city; earthquake; geology; human; hydrology; land use; landslide; meteorology; mountain; precipitation; random forest; river; China; Longmen Mountains; Earthquakes; Geology; Humans; Hydrology; Landslides; Rivers
REFERENCES: Zhou, Nianqing, Urbanization process and induced environmental geological hazards in China, Natural Hazards, 67, 2, pp. 797-810, (2013); 
Hou, Jundong, China’s regional social vulnerability to geological disasters: evaluation and spatial characteristics analysis, Natural Hazards, 84, pp. 97-111, (2016); 
Journal of Geomechanics, (2016); 
Zheng, Xiangxiang, Comparison of machine learning methods for potential active landslide hazards identification with multi-source data, ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 10, 4, (2021); 
Wang, Xuan, Remote Sensing Interpretation Method of Geological Hazards in Lush Mountainous Area, Wuhan Daxue Xuebao (Xinxi Kexue Ban)/Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, 45, 11, pp. 1771-1781, (2020); 
Li, Mingze, Provincial evaluation of vulnerability to geological disaster in China and its influencing factors: a three-stage DEA-based analysis, Natural Hazards, 79, 3, pp. 1649-1662, (2015); 
Lee, Deuk-hwan, Shallow landslide susceptibility models based on artificial neural networks considering the factor selection method and various non-linear activation functions, Remote Sensing, 12, 7, (2020); 
Tsangaratos, Paraskevas, Applying Information Theory and GIS-based quantitative methods to produce landslide susceptibility maps in Nancheng County, China, Landslides, 14, 3, pp. 1091-1111, (2017); 
Liu, Hanhu, Susceptibility mapping of damming landslide based on slope unit using frequency ratio model, Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 13, 16, (2020); 
Castellanos, Enrique A., Qualitative landslide susceptibility assessment by multicriteria analysis: A case study from San Antonio del Sur, Guantánamo, Cuba, Geomorphology, 94, 3-4, pp. 453-466, (2008)
PUBLISHER: MDPI
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS; GREEN ACCEPTED OPEN ACCESS; GREEN OPEN ACCESS

Ai, X., Sun, B., Chen, X.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Ai, Xiao I. (57092489700); Sun, Baitao (13104458800); Chen, Xiangzhao (55781981000)
57092489700; 13104458800; 55781981000
Construction of small sample seismic landslide susceptibility evaluation model based on Transfer Learning: a case study of Jiuzhaigou earthquake
(2022) Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 81 (3), art. no. 116, Cited 32 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s10064-022-02601-6
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85125478502&doi=10.1007%2Fs10064-022-02601-6&partnerID=40&md5=b58dbcc6aa22f25a23cc17a2b1a2ebac

AFFILIATIONS: School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Heilongjiang University of Science and Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China; Institute of Engineering Mechanics, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Traditional machine learning requires big data as the basis, and it is usually difficult to obtain the desired results in areas where there is a lack of data. This study proposes an innovative transfer learning method to establish a seismic landslide susceptibility evaluation model. The process is as follows: (1) a total of 13 influence factors were selected and combined with landslide points triggered by the Wenchuan and Jiuzhaigou earthquakes to form a big dataset and a small sample dataset, respectively; (2) Artificial Neural Network (ANN) was used to train the big dataset and prepare a pre-training model; (3) the Jiuzhaigou seismic landslide susceptibility evaluation model based on transfer learning was established by using the pre-training model. To reflect the advantages of the transfer learning method more intuitively, this study not only tested the accuracy of the evaluation model but also used ANN to train another evaluation model based on the small sample datasets. And the model accuracy was compared with that of the previous model. The results showed that the frequency ratio (FR) accuracy of the model obtained by transfer learning was higher than that of the model directly trained on a small sample dataset. Additionally, the area under curve (AUC) of the model directly trained on a small sample dataset was only 0.84, whereas the AUC of the model obtained by transfer learning was close to 0.90. The study shows that this method can solve the problems associated with traditional machine learning methods when establishing a seismic landslide susceptibility evaluation model. © 2022, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: ANN; Jiuzhaigou earthquake; Seismic landslide susceptibility prediction; Transfer learning; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Landslides; Large dataset; Machine learning; Neural networks; Evaluation models; Jiuzhaigou earthquake; Landslide susceptibility; Sample dataset; Seismic landslide susceptibility prediction; Seismic landslides; Small samples; Susceptibility evaluations; Transfer learning; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes; artificial neural network; dynamic response; earthquake event; landslide; learning; numerical model; seismic response; Sichuan earthquake 2008
REFERENCES: Aditian, Aril, Comparison of GIS-based landslide susceptibility models using frequency ratio, logistic regression, and artificial neural network in a tertiary region of Ambon, Indonesia, Geomorphology, 318, pp. 101-111, (2018); 
undefined, (2013); 
Akin, Özgenç, Site characterization using surface wave methods in the Arsin-Trabzon province, NE Turkey, Environmental Earth Sciences, 75, 1, pp. 1-17, (2016); 
Investigation of Soil Characteristics of Landscaped Areas in South Trabzon Ortahisar District by Active and Passive Surface Wave Methods, (2020); 
Aleotti, Pietro, Landslide hazard assessment: Summary review and new perspectives, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 58, 1, pp. 21-44, (1999); 
Beven, Keith J., A physically based, variable contributing area model of basin hydrology, Hydrological Sciences Bulletin, 24, 1, pp. 43-69, (1979); 
Chang, Zhilu, Landslide susceptibility prediction based on remote sensing images and GIS: Comparisons of supervised and unsupervised machine learning models, Remote Sensing, 12, 3, (2020); 
Dhanya, J., Neural network-based hybrid ground motion prediction equations for Western Himalayas and North-Eastern India, Acta Geophysica, 68, 2, pp. 303-324, (2020); 
Computer Engineering and Design, (2018); 
Fang, Meng, Transfer learning across networks for collective classification, Proceedings - IEEE International Conference on Data Mining, ICDM, pp. 161-170, (2013)
PUBLISHER: Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wang, D., Li, Y., Wang, Z., Yang, W., Ouyang, C., Zhu, X., Scaringi, G.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wang, Dongpo (56729383700); Li, Yizhi (59071400900); Wang, Zhongwen (57195609895); Yang, Weibin (57236009500); Ouyang, Chaojun (23390621600); Zhu, Xing (55596923600); Scaringi, Gianvito (56335047900)
56729383700; 59071400900; 57195609895; 57236009500; 23390621600; 55596923600; 56335047900
Threat from above! Assessing the risk from the Tonghua high-locality landslide in Sichuan, China
(2022) Landslides, 19 (3), pp. 731 - 746, Cited 11 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s10346-021-01836-w
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85122263453&doi=10.1007%2Fs10346-021-01836-w&partnerID=40&md5=69397e640606796f5f4337ddc42e1f76

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Chengdu Aircraft Design and Research Institute, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Engineering Geology and Applied Geophysics, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
ABSTRACT: In tectonically active steep mountain belts, such as those in west Sichuan in China, frequent landslide disasters can occur during the rainy season. High-locality landslides often initiate with the failure of fractured rock masses or regolith near the ridge of a high and steep slope. Often, these events occur suddenly in the sense that people downslope are caught by surprise. High-locality landslides can be destructive owing to the large momentum and entrainment potential of the moving mass. Increasing attention has been given to these events since the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. Indeed, slope ridges are particularly susceptible of topographic amplification of the seismic shaking, resulting in mechanical weakening that predisposes them to enhanced weathering and rain-triggered failures years or decades after the mainshock. Risk reduction in such cases must begin with a systematic surveying of the ridges to identify criticalities. Then, quantitative (numerical) approaches must be used to evaluate volumes and describe the movement. Risk assessments can then be produced, and mitigations suggested. Here, we describe the Tonghua landslide in Li County, which is currently in a creeping stage but threatens critical infrastructures and dwellings. We monitored the site for 3 years and identified additional potentially unstable areas before performing physically based modeling and hazard zonation. Our results could be useful in decision-making for risk reduction. © 2021, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Hazard assessment; High-locality landslide; Numerical modeling; Risk assessment; Slow-moving landslide; Tonghua landslide
INDEX KEYWORDS: Behavioral research; Decision making; Earthquakes; Hazards; Landslides; Weathering; Hazard Assessment; High-locality landslide; Mountain belts; Rainy seasons; Risks assessments; Risks reduction; Sichuan; Slow-moving landslide; Tonghua landslide; West Sichuan; Risk assessment; decision making; disaster management; disaster relief; landslide; mountain region; movement; natural disaster; spatiotemporal analysis; China
REFERENCES: Cascini, Leonardo, SPH run-out modelling of channelised landslides of the flow type, Geomorphology, 214, pp. 502-513, (2014); 
Chae, Byung-gon, Landslide prediction, monitoring and early warning: a concise review of state-of-the-art, Geosciences Journal, 21, 6, pp. 1033-1070, (2017); 
Cui, Peng, Risk assessment of simultaneous debris flows in mountain townships, Progress in Physical Geography, 37, 4, pp. 516-542, (2013); 
Cui, Yulong, Volume estimation and stage division of the Mahu landslide in Sichuan Province, China, Natural Hazards, 93, 2, pp. 941-955, (2018); 
Denlinger, Roger P., Flow of variably fluidized granular masses across three-dimensional terrain 2. Numerical predictions and experimental tests, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 106, B1, pp. 553-566, (2001); 
Eker, Remzi, Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based monitoring of a landslide: Gallenzerkogel landslide (Ybbs-Lower Austria) case study, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 190, 1, (2018); 
Fan, Xuanmei, Brief communication: Post-seismic landslides, the tough lesson of a catastrophe, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 18, 1, pp. 397-403, (2018); 
Fan, Xuanmei, Failure mechanism and kinematics of the deadly June 24th 2017 Xinmo landslide, Maoxian, Sichuan, China, Landslides, 14, 6, pp. 2129-2146, (2017); 
Gao, Yang, Dynamic characteristics of high-elevation and long-runout landslides in the Emeishan basalt area: a case study of the Shuicheng “7.23”landslide in Guizhou, China, Landslides, 17, 7, pp. 1663-1677, (2020); 
Hu, Wei, Acoustic Emissions and Microseismicity in Granular Slopes Prior to Failure and Flow-Like Motion: The Potential for Early Warning, Geophysical Research Letters, 45, 19, pp. 10-415, (2018)
PUBLISHER: Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Marino, P., Siva Subramanian, S.S., Fan, X., Greco, R.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Marino, Pasquale (57203009833); Siva Subramanian, Srikrishnan (57214766764); Fan, Xuanmei (12752112800); Greco, Roberto (7103136996)
57203009833; 57214766764; 12752112800; 7103136996
Changes in debris-flow susceptibility after the Wenchuan earthquake revealed by meteorological and hydro-meteorological thresholds
(2022) Catena, 210, art. no. 105929, Cited 28 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.catena.2021.105929
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85120691603&doi=10.1016%2Fj.catena.2021.105929&partnerID=40&md5=4ead1bd165dd0564ab945ce3f80466e4

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Engineering, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, NA, Italy; State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: After the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake (M<inf>w</inf> 7.9), an increase in rainfall-induced debris flows was initially observed in the earthquake-hit region (Sichuan, China). In the following years, the frequency of debris flows gradually reduced, indicating a recovery of stability of debris deposits originated from the earthquake. To assess these dynamically changing conditions, empirical thresholds have been identified to predict post-seismic debris flow occurrences with two approaches: a meteorological approach based only on precipitation characteristics, and a hydrometeorological approach that also considers the hydrologic conditions before the onset of rainfall. Both used the available record of precipitations and debris flows that occurred in the years 2008–2015 in Wenchuan county. Hydrometeorological thresholds for debris flows have been identified at the catchment scale by assessing the water balance with a simplified lumped hydrological model, based on the Budyko framework, and using catchment water storage as a proxy of the moisture state of the slopes. The results indicate that both meteorological and hydrometeorological thresholds allow catching the progressive recovery of stability of the debris deposits. In particular, the assessment of water balance at the catchment scale highlights the role played by the hydrological processes affecting the slopes, leading to the definition of reliable and robust thresholds. The hydrometeorological approach is thus recommended to define thresholds for early warning of debris flows at the catchment scale. © 2021 Elsevier B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Budyko framework; Catchment water balance; Hydro-meteorological thresholds; Post-seismic debris flows; Triggering mechanism; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: catchment; debris flow; earthquake; meteorological hazard; threshold; water budget; water storage; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Aleotti, Pietro, A warning system for rainfall-induced shallow failures, Engineering Geology, 73, 3-4, pp. 247-265, (2004); 
Bai, Peng, Estimation of the Budyko model parameter for small basins in China, Hydrological Processes, 34, 1, pp. 125-138, (2020); 
Bogaard, T. A., Invited perspectives: Hydrological perspectives on precipitation intensity-duration thresholds for landslide initiation: Proposing hydro-meteorological thresholds, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 18, 1, pp. 31-39, (2018); 
Bogaard, T. A., Landslide hydrology: from hydrology to pore pressure, Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Water, 3, 3, pp. 439-459, (2016); 
Soviet Geography, (1961); 
Chang, Kuo Jen, Post-seismic surface processes in the Jiufengershan landslide area, 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake epicentral zone, Taiwan, Engineering Geology, 86, 2-3, pp. 102-117, (2006); 
Procedia Earth and Planetary Science, (2016); 
Cui, Peng, The Wenchuan Earthquake (May 12, 2008), Sichuan Province, China, and resulting geohazards, Natural Hazards, 56, 1, pp. 19-36, (2011); 
Cui, Xianghui, Impacts of forest changes on hydrology: A case study of large watersheds in the upper reaches of Minjiang River watershed in China, Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 16, 11, pp. 4279-4290, (2012); 
Dai, Lanxin, Coseismic Debris Remains in the Orogen Despite a Decade of Enhanced Landsliding, Geophysical Research Letters, 48, 19, (2021)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Chen, M., Tang, C., Li, M., Xiong, J., Luo, Y., Shi, Q., Zhang, X., Tie, Y., Feng, Q.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Chen, Ming (57199453005); Tang, Chuan (35932953300); Li, Mingwei (57222871091); Xiong, Jiang (57217517892); Luo, Yuting (57225212131); Shi, Qingyun (57217257328); Zhang, Xianzheng (57219298270); Tie, Yu (58417356300); Feng, Qiang (57225221384)
57199453005; 35932953300; 57222871091; 57217517892; 57225212131; 57217257328; 57219298270; 58417356300; 57225221384
Changes of surface recovery at coseismic landslides and their driving factors in the Wenchuan earthquake-affected area
(2022) Catena, 210, art. no. 105871, Cited 42 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.catena.2021.105871
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85119403901&doi=10.1016%2Fj.catena.2021.105871&partnerID=40&md5=12907c954763c702bc1588032c411cbe

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration Langfang, Langfang, Hebei, China; Sichuan Academy of Safety Science and Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: A major earthquake can trigger numerous landslides, which exert severe impacts on regional vegetation coverage. In some years following an earthquake, rainstorms can easily reactivate coseismic deposits and unstable hillslopes. Vegetation can improve the post-seismic slope instability by the root reinforcement effect, and it is significant to investigate the changes of surface recovery at coseismic landslides for a long-term assessment of post-earthquake geohazards. However, due to limited earth observations, it remains elusive that how long the surface vegetation of coseismic landslides caused by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake will recover to the pre-earthquake level. We studied the long-term evolution of surface recovery in coseismic landslide-affected areas using multi-temporal Landsat images from 2000 to 2020. We calculated the vegetation recovery rates in different periods, which were used to quantify the rate of vegetation regrowth and landslide activity intensity. We found that 71.34% of the affected areas have been properly revegetated, and the area percentage of landslides in high activity, middle activity, low activity and dormant were 17.6%, 12.4%, 17.7% and 52.3%, respectively in 2020. To examine the factors controlling the surface recovery at coseismic landslides, we further analyzed the relationships between landslide recovery and eighteen influencing factors, and we found that elevation, peak ground acceleration, rainfall, lithology and gully density are the key factors that control landslide surface recovery over all others. Overall the trend of surface recovery at coseismic landslides suggests that the impact of the Wenchuan earthquake on the activities of shallow landslides almost ceases within 17 years in the Wenchuan earthquake-affected areas. © 2021 Elsevier B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Coseismic landslides; Driving factor; Surface recovery; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: coseismic process; earthquake epicenter; earthquake event; hillslope; Landsat; landslide; rainfall; regrowth; reinforcement; slope stability; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Ameri, Alireza Arab, Comparison of machine learning models for gully erosion susceptibility mapping, Geoscience Frontiers, 11, 5, pp. 1609-1620, (2020); 
Aspinall, Richard J., Integrated geographical assessment of environmental condition in water catchments: Linking landscape ecology, environmental modelling and GIS, Journal of Environmental Management, 59, 4, pp. 299-319, (2000); 
Chang, Ming, Coseismic landslides induced by the 2018 Mw 6.6 Iburi, Japan, Earthquake: spatial distribution, key factors weight, and susceptibility regionalization, Landslides, 18, 2, pp. 755-772, (2021); 
Chen, Ming, Temporal and spatial differentiation in the surface recovery of post-seismic landslides in Wenchuan earthquake-affected areas, Ecological Informatics, 64, (2021); 
Chen, Ming, The long-term evolution of landslide activity near the epicentral area of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China, Geomorphology, 367, (2020); 
Chen, Ming, Quantitative assessment of physical fragility of buildings to the debris flow on 20 August 2019 in the Cutou gully, Wenchuan, southwestern China, Engineering Geology, 293, (2021); 
Chen, Yichin, Controls of preferential orientation of earthquake- and rainfall-triggered landslides in Taiwan's orogenic mountain belt, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 44, 9, pp. 1661-1674, (2019); 
Chigira, Masahiro, Geological causes and geomorphological precursors of the Tsaoling landslide triggered by the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake, Taiwan, Engineering Geology, 68, 3-4, pp. 259-273, (2003); 
Cui, Peng, Destruction of vegetation due to geo-hazards and its environmental impacts in the Wenchuan earthquake areas, Ecological Engineering, 44, pp. 61-69, (2012); 
Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Tian, M., Sheng, X.-T.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Tian, Mi (57206275854); Sheng, Xiaotao (57211107949)
57206275854; 57211107949
Copula-Based Probabilistic Approaches for Predicting Debris-Flow Runout Distances in the Wenchuan Earthquake Zone
(2022) ASCE-ASME Journal of Risk and Uncertainty in Engineering Systems, Part A: Civil Engineering, 8 (1), art. no. 04021070, Cited 9 times.
DOI: 10.1061/AJRUA6.0001197
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85117861937&doi=10.1061%2FAJRUA6.0001197&partnerID=40&md5=337f5967be9250c35e28cc22ed320ed6

AFFILIATIONS: Architecture and Environment, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Ministry of Water Resources, P.R. China, Beijing, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: After the Wenchuan earthquake, frequent debris-flow disasters caused catastrophic damage to the infrastructures and inhabitants in the downstream. It is very important to properly determine the runout distances of debris flows to delineate potential hazard areas for the postearthquake mitigation work design and effective risk management. However, this is a difficult task due to the high variability and uncertainty of debris flows. This paper developed copula-based probabilistic approaches for predicting the runout distances of debris flows on depositional fans. The proposed approaches integrate the debris flow's maximum runout distance (L), debris-flow volume (VD), and catchment internal relief (H) into a three-dimensional copula-based probabilistic model. A probabilistic model of debris flows in the Wenchuan earthquake zone was developed based on the field investigation data of 133 channelized debris-flow events. The developed model is able to predict the possible maximum runout distances for a specific hazard level. The proposed approaches were validated using an independent field investigation dataset of debris flows. Results show that the proposed approaches properly estimate the maximum runout distances of debris flows in the Wenchuan earthquake zone for a specific probability level of 0.88. © 2021 American Society of Civil Engineers.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Copula approach; Debris flows; Runout distances; Variability; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Catchments; Debris; Distribution functions; Forecasting; Hazards; Risk assessment; Risk management; Catastrophic damage; Copula approach; Debris flows; Earthquake zones; Field investigation; Probabilistic models; Probabilistics approach; Runout distances; Variability; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes
REFERENCES: Bernard, M., Model-based approach for design and performance evaluation of works controlling stony debris flows with an application to a case study at Rovina di Cancia (Venetian Dolomites, Northeast Italy), Science of the Total Environment, 688, pp. 1373-1388, (2019); 
Berti, Matteo, Prediction of debris flow inundation areas using empirical mobility relationships, Geomorphology, 90, 1-2, pp. 144-161, (2007); 
Burton, A., Physically based modelling of shallow landslide sediment yield at a catchment scale, Environmental Geology, 35, 2-3, pp. 89-99, (1998); 
Cannon, Susan H., A mass-change model for the estimation of debris-flow runout, Journal of Geology, 96, 2, pp. 221-227, (1988); 
Chang, Chiwen, Estimation of sediment volume of debris flow caused by extreme rainfall in Taiwan, Engineering Geology, 123, 1-2, pp. 83-90, (2011); 
Chang, Ming, Hazard assessment of debris flows in the Wenchuan earthquake-stricken area, South West China, Landslides, 14, 5, pp. 1783-1792, (2017); 
Chang, Ming, Debris flow susceptibility assessment using a probabilistic approach: A case study in the Longchi area, Sichuan province, China, Journal of Mountain Science, 11, 4, pp. 1001-1014, (2014); 
Cui, Peng, The Wenchuan Earthquake (May 12, 2008), Sichuan Province, China, and resulting geohazards, Natural Hazards, 56, 1, pp. 19-36, (2011); 
Cui, Peng, The 12 May Wenchuan earthquake-induced landslide lakes: Distribution and preliminary risk evaluation, Landslides, 6, 3, pp. 209-223, (2009); 
D’Agostino, Vincenzo, Field and laboratory investigations of runout distances of debris flows in the Dolomites (Eastern Italian Alps), Geomorphology, 115, 3-4, pp. 294-304, (2010)
PUBLISHER: American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Feng, Q., Tang, C., Chen, M., Gong, L.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Feng, Qiang (57225221384); Tang, Chuan (35932953300); Chen, Ming (57199453005); Gong, Lingfeng (57215612725)
57225221384; 35932953300; 57199453005; 57215612725
Field Investigation and Research on Debris Flow on August 20，2019 in Mianshi Town，Epicenter of Wenchuan Earthquake 汶 川 震 区 绵 虒 镇“8·20”登 溪 沟 泥 石 流 灾 害 调 查 与分 析
(2022) Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering, 42 (1), pp. 51 - 59, Cited 3 times.
DOI: 10.13409/j.cnki.jdpme.20210220002
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85187117586&doi=10.13409%2Fj.cnki.jdpme.20210220002&partnerID=40&md5=ce37a55e9f45c774575e49efc01d4402

AFFILIATIONS: Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: On August 20，2019，a large debris flow occurred in Dengxi valley，Miansi Town，Wenchuan County.As a result，a large number of houses，national highways and expressways were washed out at the mouth of the ditch，and traffic was interrupted for months. At the same time，a large amount of material rushed out blocked the main channel of Minjiang River，causing the channel of Minjiang River to be diverted to the left bank and the water level to rise，forming a chain disaster. Based on the formation conditions，disaster-causing characteristics of the debris flow in Dengxi valley，as well as the field investigation and remote sensing image interpretation before and after the debris flow event，the bulk density and dynamic characteristics of the debris flow，such as velocity，discharge and debris flow outflow，were calculated by using the weight method and morphological investigation method The results show that the Dengxi valley debris flow is the result of the combined action of many factors，such as short duration heavy rainfall，favorable topographic conditions，abundant provenance produced by earthquake and strong erosion of the channel. The disaster pattern is summarized as a movement process as follows ：rapid confluence of rainfall-initiation-formation of debris flow by materials of the vally-erosion of materials at the bottom and both sides of the gully-collapse of bank slope and blockage and outburst- the scale of the debris flow becomes large and rushed out. The image interpretation before and after the debris flow event showed that the provenance of slope and channel evolved significantly with time，and the provenance in the basin was still rich.The activity of debris flow is still high in the Wenchuan earthquake area ten years after the earthquake. Although more than 10 years have passed since the Wenchuan earthquake，the activity of debris flow is still relatively high. Therefore，the detailed investigation and analysis of the debris flow activity in Dengxi valley are carried out in order to strengthen the further understanding of the characteristics of debris flow in the medium and long term after the earthquake in the strong earthquake area. © 2022 Editorial Office of Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering. All rights reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: debris flow; Dengxi gulley; development trend; formation condition; infestation characteristics
REFERENCES: Tang, Chuan, Rainfall-triggered debris flows following the Wenchuan earthquake, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 68, 2, pp. 187-194, (2009); 
Journal of Geological Hazards and Environment Preservation, (2009); 
Tang, Chuan, Field investigation and research on giant debris flow on August 14, 2010 in Yingxiu town, epicenter of Wenchuan earthquake, Diqiu Kexue - Zhongguo Dizhi Daxue Xuebao/Earth Science - Journal of China University of Geosciences, 36, 1, pp. 172-180, (2011); 
Journal of Water Resources and Water Engineering, (2017); 
Resources and Power, (2015); 
undefined, (2019); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2013); 
Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering, (2004); 
Geoscience, (2018); 
Huang, Runqiu, Research on development and distribution rules of geohazards induced by Wenchuan earthquake on 12th May, 2008, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 27, 12, pp. 2585-2592, (2008)
PUBLISHER: Editorial Office of Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Sun, Y., Guo, X., Chen, X., Zhang, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Sun, Yuqing (58042543700); Guo, Xiaojun (55636231600); Chen, Xingzhang (25623240400); Zhang, Ju (57221933455)
58042543700; 55636231600; 25623240400; 57221933455
Uncertainty analysis of hydrological model in the application of small watershed in Wenchuan earthquake disaster area 汶川地震灾区小流域洪水模拟及不确定性分析
(2022) Journal of Natural Disasters, 31 (1), pp. 226 - 237, Cited 3 times.
DOI: 10.13577/j.jnd.2022.0122
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85160033108&doi=10.13577%2Fj.jnd.2022.0122&partnerID=40&md5=cf329a405f4b016b62c7658a06a10c1e

AFFILIATIONS: School of Environment and Resource, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; CAS Center for Excellence & Innovation in Tibetan Plateau Earth System Sciences, Shantou, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Mountainous hazards such as floods and debris flows have occurred frequently in the Wenchuan Earthquake area since 2008. Flash floods not only cause great harm by themselves, but also act as the triggering factors that stimulate the debris flows. Using scientific and effective methods to estimate flood discharge is of great scientific and practical significance for the hazards prevention and reduction. In this work, a small watershed (2.4 km2) with a monitoring history of several years in the earthquake area is selected as the research object. SCS runoff model and the Kinematic wave equation we combined to simulate the runoff of 5 rainfall events between 2014 and 2016. The results show that the model can simulate the key indicators including peak discharge and the occurrence time of peak discharge. It is also found that for small watersheds, dividing sub-watersheds increases the difficulty of parameter selection, and does not significantly improve the simulation results. In addition, the time of peak discharge is delayed, the peak discharge is reduced, with the increase of the time step. The research is of scientific significance for understanding the hydrological characteristics, and flood discharge calculation in small watersheds in the Wenchuan earthquake-stricken area. © 2022 Science Press. All rights reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Kinematic wave; peak discharge; peak time; SCS model; Wenchuan earthquake-stricken area
INDEX KEYWORDS: flooding; hydrological modeling; peak discharge; runoff; Sichuan earthquake 2008; uncertainty analysis; watershed; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Journal of Engineering Geology, (2020); 
Guo, Xiaojun, The formation and development of debris flows in large watersheds after the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake, Landslides, 13, 1, pp. 25-37, (2016); 
undefined, (2013); 
Hydrologic Response in A Humid Steep Mountainous Watershed in the West of China A Case Study of Longxihe Watershed in Sichuan, (2014); 
Xiong, Jiang, Flow characteristics of different rainfall type debris flow based on the HEC-HMS model, Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, 46, 3, pp. 153-161, (2019); 
Engineering Journal of Wuhan University, (2021); 
Shen, Zhenyao, Impact of spatial rainfall variability on hydrology and nonpoint source pollution modeling, Journal of Hydrology, 472-473, pp. 205-215, (2012); 
Xing, Zhengxiang, The Study on Equifinality of Hydrological Model Parameters and Runoff Simulation Based on the Improved Simulation-optimization Algorithm, Yingyong Jichu yu Gongcheng Kexue Xuebao/Journal of Basic Science and Engineering, 28, 5, pp. 1091-1107, (2020); 
Cui, Peng, Real-time observation of an active debris flow watershed in the Wenchuan Earthquake area, Geomorphology, 321, pp. 153-166, (2018); 
Hydrology National Engineering Handbook, (1985)
PUBLISHER: Institute of Engineering Mechanics (IEM)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wang, D., You, Y., Li, D., Liu, J., Sun, H., Lyu, X., Wang, Z.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wang, Dongwei (57219569779); You, Yong (35811595800); Li, Daoling (57212140689); Liu, Jinfeng (59454532200); Sun, Hao (56658861300); Lyu, Xiaobo (58073285600); Wang, Zhuang (57208342636)
57219569779; 35811595800; 57212140689; 59454532200; 56658861300; 58073285600; 57208342636
The river blockage characteristics of “8·20” large-scale debris flow and the hazard prediction in Banzi gully in Miansi Town，Wenchuan County 汶川县绵虒镇板子沟“8·20”大型泥石流堵河特征及危害性预测
(2022) Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control, 33 (1), pp. 58 - 66, Cited 8 times.
DOI: 10.16031/j.cnki.issn.1003-8035.2022.01-07
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85146271620&doi=10.16031%2Fj.cnki.issn.1003-8035.2022.01-07&partnerID=40&md5=e0d84726dc5fb4470a199097e7d9bb42

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; People's Hospital of Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: After Wenchuan earthquake, many large debris flow have occur in Banzi Gully. Especially in 2019, the "8·20" debris flow caused serious damage to the roads，bridges and villages in the gully mouth, mail river was seriously squeeaed to the other side and there is a big risk of blocking the river in the future. Based on the field investigation and comprehensive analysis of the basic characteristics and formation conditions of the debris flow, the characteristics of river blockage are analyzed, the parameters of river blockage under different debris flow frequency are calculated, and the possible impact of dam-breaking flood under each frequency on Miansi Town is predicted. The results show that debris flow with frequencies of 2%, 5% and 10% are less likely to cause river blockage of Min River, and if there was a river blocking event, the town of Miansi would not be exposed to dam-breaking flood. The debris flow with a frequency of 1% are likely to cause river blockage. The debris flow material with a volume of 57.38×104 m3 can reach the Min River to form a dam with a height of about 51.61 m. Under the action of the main river flood (1890.0 m3/s), the dam will be broken, and the peak flow rate of the flood was 5935.49 m3/s, which dropped to 2312.25 m3/s while arrive at Miansi Town. Since the flood depth (4.00 m) is higher than the height of the protective embankment (3.5 m), the flood is likely to damage the houses near the protective embankment of Miansi Town.This paper provided a reference for the analysis of the characteristics of large-scale debris flow blockage in the future, as well as the possible impact of the collapse flood on downstream towns. © 2022 Editorial Department of Science and Technology of Food Science. All rights reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Banzi gully; dam-breaking flood; debris flow; hazard prediction; river blocking
REFERENCES: Journal of Mountain Science, (2009); 
Zhuang, Jianqi, Hazard assessment of debris flow valleys along Dujiangyan-Wenchuan highway after '5·12' Wenchuan devastating earthquake, Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 41, 3, pp. 131-139, (2009); 
Cui, Peng, Prediction of debris-flow danger area by combining hydrological and inundation simulation methods, Journal of Mountain Science, 8, 1, pp. 1-9, (2011); 
Yu, Bin, Activity tendency of debris flow gully in Wenchuan County after "5.12" Wenchuan earthquake, Journal of Natural Disasters, 20, 6, pp. 68-73, (2011); 
Zhou, R., Recent activity of Minjiang fault zone, uplift of Minshan block and their relationship with seismicity of Sichuan, Dizhen Dizhi, 22, 3, pp. 285-294, (2000); 
Yang, Chenglin, Formation mode and mechanism for debris flow induced by Wenchuan earthquake, Journal of Natural Disasters, 20, 3, pp. 31-37, (2011); 
Quaternary Sciences, (2006); 
J Soil Erosion Soil Conserv, (1996); 
Tang, Chuan, Rainfall-triggered debris flows following the Wenchuan earthquake, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 68, 2, pp. 187-194, (2009); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2008)
PUBLISHER: Editorial Office of The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazards and Control
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Tanyas, H., Hill, K., Mahoney, L., Fadel, I., Lombardo, L.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Tanyas, Hakan (55631635400); Hill, Kevin Charles (7402618116); Mahoney, Luke (57194421004); Fadel, Islam (55947784000); Lombardo, Luigi (55270100100)
55631635400; 7402618116; 57194421004; 55947784000; 55270100100
The world's second-largest, recorded landslide event: Lessons learnt from the landslides triggered during and after the 2018 Mw 7.5 Papua New Guinea earthquake
(2022) Engineering Geology, 297, art. no. 106504, Cited 53 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2021.106504
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85122339296&doi=10.1016%2Fj.enggeo.2021.106504&partnerID=40&md5=840c05da3dad03c7f505ec4abe948bc9

AFFILIATIONS: Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation – ITC, Enschede, Overijssel, Netherlands; School of Earth Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Papuan Oil Search Ltd, Sydney, NSW, Australia
ABSTRACT: Events characterized by widespread landslides provide rare but valuable opportunities to investigate the spatial and size distributions of landslides in relation to seismic, climatic, geological and morphological factors. This study presents a unique event inventory for the co-seismic landslides induced by the February 25, 2018 M<inf>w</inf> 7.5 Papua New Guinea earthquake. The mainshock rupture was dominated by reverse fault motion, and this was also the case for the aftershocks. The latter also triggered widespread landslides in combination with rainfall during the period between February 26 and March 19. We mapped approximately 11,600 landslides of which, more than 10,000 were triggered by the mainshock, with a total failed planimetric area of about 145 km2. Such a large area makes this inventory the world's second-largest recorded landslide event after the 2008 M<inf>w</inf> 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake, where the motion changed from predominantly thrust to strike-slip. Large landslides are abundant throughout the study area located within the remote Papua New Guinea Highlands. Specifically, more than half of the landslide population is larger than 50,000 m2 and overall, post-seismic landslides are even larger than their co-seismic counterparts. To understand the factors controlling the distribution of landslides' occurrence and size, we combine descriptive statistics as well as more rigorous bivariate and multivariate analyses. We statistically show that the 15-day antecedent precipitation plays a role in explaining the spatial distribution of co-seismic landslides. Also, we examine four strong aftershocks (M<inf>w</inf> ≥ 6.0) within 9 days after the mainshock and statistically demonstrate that the cumulative effect of aftershocks is the main factor disturbing steep hillslopes and causing the initiation of very large landslides, up to ~5 km2. Overall, the dataset and the findings presented in this paper represent a step towards a holistic understanding of the seismic landslide hazard assessment of the entire Papua New Guinea mainland. © 2021 The Authors
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Aftershocks; Antecedent precipitation; Co-seismic landslides; Discontinuity surfaces; Post-seismic landslides
INDEX KEYWORDS: Earthquakes; Multivariant analysis; Size distribution; Antecedent precipitation; Co-seismic landslide; Discontinuity surfaces; Lesson learnt; Main shock; Papua New Guinea; Post-seismic landslide; Seismic landslides; Size-distribution; Landslides; aftershock; coseismic process; discontinuity; earthquake event; earthquake magnitude; earthquake trigger; landslide
REFERENCES: Abbaszadeh, Mohsen, Experimental investigation of the impact of rock dissolution on carbonate rock properties in the presence of carbonated water, Environmental Earth Sciences, 75, 9, (2016); 
Abers, Geoffrey A., Active deformation in the New Guinea fold-and-thrust belt: seismological evidence for strike-slip faulting and basement- involved thrusting, Journal of Geophysical Research, 93, B11, pp. 13-354, (1988); 
Acker, James G., Online analysis enhances use of NASA Earth Science Data, Eos, 88, 2, pp. 14-17, (2007); 
U S Geol Surv Open File Rept, (2016); 
Alvioli, Massimiliano, Automatic delineation of geomorphological slope units with r.slopeunits v1.0 and their optimization for landslide susceptibility modeling, Geoscientific Model Development, 9, 11, pp. 3975-3991, (2016); 
Ambrosi, Christian, Large sackung along major tectonic features in the Central Italian Alps, Engineering Geology, 83, 1-3, pp. 183-200, (2006); 
undefined, (1982); 
Chigira, Masahiro, Geological and geomorphological characteristics of landslides triggered by the 2004 Mid Niigta prefecture earthquake in Japan, Engineering Geology, 82, 4, pp. 202-221, (2006); 
Chigira, Masahiro, Geological causes and geomorphological precursors of the Tsaoling landslide triggered by the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake, Taiwan, Engineering Geology, 68, 3-4, pp. 259-273, (2003); 
Chong, Jeng Hann, Refining the 2018 mw 7.5 papua new guinea earthquake fault-slip model using subpixel offset, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 111, 2, pp. 1032-1042, (2021)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GREEN ACCEPTED OPEN ACCESS; GREEN FINAL OPEN ACCESS; GREEN OPEN ACCESS; HYBRID GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Hu, W., Li, Y., Fan, Y., Xiong, M., Luo, H., McSaveney, M., Zheng, Y., Tang, M.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Hu, Wei (42361224100); Li, Yan (55870385700); Fan, Yu (57368310400); Xiong, Mengsu (57367686500); Luo, Hui (57330049600); McSaveney, Maurice J. (35615825700); Zheng, Yangshuai (57217144312); Tang, Minggao (12754057200)
42361224100; 55870385700; 57368310400; 57367686500; 57330049600; 35615825700; 57217144312; 12754057200
Flow amplification from cascading landslide dam failures: Insights from flume experiments
(2022) Engineering Geology, 297, art. no. 106483, Cited 28 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2021.106483
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85120857971&doi=10.1016%2Fj.enggeo.2021.106483&partnerID=40&md5=8f5ab09ced9cb98198217bcb72133fc0

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; GNS Science, Lower Hutt, WGN, New Zealand
ABSTRACT: The 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake triggered numerous co-seismic landslides, and formed many landslide dams. Debris flows or floods during intense rainfall can cause the sequential collapse of those landslide dams. There is an amplification effect of the cascading landslide dam failures, which increases the magnitudes of debris flows or floods. Runs of flume experiments with different initial conditions were conducted to study the scale amplification effect. Among them, a large-scale flume experiment was performed to reduce the size effect of the miniaturized physical experiments to some extent. Experimental data such as the flow discharge, pore pressures, and microseismic and acoustic signals were used to investigate the dam failure processes and to quantify the amplification scale. The experimental results show that channel gradients and dam-failure patterns have significantly influences on the amplification effect. The intrinsic mechanism of the amplification effect can be interpreted from the perspective of energy, which is a progressive storage of potential energy and subsequent rapid release of the energy. Steep channel gradients imply greater potential energy and lower stability of the landslide dam. The sudden dam collapse related to internal pore pressure evolution will lead to rapid release of the accumulated potential energy to downstream, and cause a maximum instantaneous dam-break discharge. Experimental results show that the peak dam-break discharge caused by sudden failure can be 2–3 times that of overtopping, which should be fully considered to avoid underestimating the scale of the potential catastrophe. © 2021 Elsevier B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Cascading failures; Flume experiment; Landslide dam; Scale amplification
INDEX KEYWORDS: Amplification; Debris; Digital storage; Disaster prevention; Earthquakes; Floods; Landslides; Pore pressure; Potential energy; Tsunamis; Amplification effects; Cascading failures; Channel gradients; Dam failure; Debris flood; Debris flows; Energy; Flume experiment; Landslide dam; Scale amplification; Disasters; amplification; dam failure; discharge; experimental study; flume experiment; landslide; pore pressure
REFERENCES: Arias A, MEASURE OF EARTHQUAKE INTENSITY, pp. 438-483, (1969); 
Bradley, Brendon A., Correlation of Arias intensity with amplitude, duration and cumulative intensity measures, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 78, pp. 89-98, (2015); 
Cao, Zhixian, Flood hydraulics due to cascade landslide dam failure, Journal of Flood Risk Management, 4, 2, pp. 104-114, (2011); 
Cao, Zhixian, Even more destructive: Cascade dam break floods, Journal of Flood Risk Management, 7, 4, pp. 357-373, (2014); 
Cui, Peng, Scale amplification of natural debris flows caused by cascading landslide dam failures, Geomorphology, 182, pp. 173-189, (2013); 
Davies, Timothy R.H., Large debris flows: A macro-viscous phenomenon, Acta Mechanica, 63, 1-4, pp. 161-178, (1986); 
Fan, Xuanmei, Transient water and sediment storage of the decaying landslide dams induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Geomorphology, 171-172, pp. 58-68, (2012); 
Fan, Xuanmei, What we have learned from the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake and its aftermath: A decade of research and challenges, Engineering Geology, 241, pp. 25-32, (2018); 
Fan, Xuanmei, Earthquake-Induced Chains of Geologic Hazards: Patterns, Mechanisms, and Impacts, Reviews of Geophysics, 57, 2, pp. 421-503, (2019); 
Feng, Zheng Yi, Discussions on landslide types and seismic signals produced by the soil rupture due to seepage and retrogressive erosion, Landslides, 18, 6, pp. 2265-2279, (2021)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Chen, J., Chen, H., Wang, X., Chen, X.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Chen, Jiangang (56013367200); Chen, Huayong (24385415200); Wang, Xi'an (57220102799); Chen, Xiaoqing (55739112600)
56013367200; 24385415200; 57220102799; 55739112600
Design of Open Check Dams and Their Application in the Wenchuan Earthquake Area
(2022), pp. 273 - 283, Cited 1 times.
DOI: 10.1002/9781119742449.ch14
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85151184438&doi=10.1002%2F9781119742449.ch14&partnerID=40&md5=96cf03b5b84aaa041a76838a3c413b2e

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Collapse and landslides caused by the Wenchuan earthquake provide abundant loose solids, and debris flows have increased during the past 10 years. Engineering measures in some steep gullies failed and caused serious damage and property loss. Based on the debris flow characteristics after the destructive earthquake, engineering measures should be better constructed after the active period in severely affected areas. A watershed planning method for debris flow hazard mitigation engineering based on the transport capacity of the main river was proposed. In addition, a series of check dams with various opening sizes was designed for blocking huge stones and separating water from debris flows. Moreover, an engineering application case was presented, which is a typical debris flow gully in the Wenchuan earthquake-affected area. The planning method of engineering measures, cascades of check dams with various opening sizes, drainage channels, and debris flow basins were built. The debris flow mitigation measures effectively resisted a debris flow with a 50-year return period, protected the highway and minimized debris flow damage loss. However, whether this method can effectively prevent large-scale debris flows needs to be verified by continuous prototype observations. © 2022 John Wiley and Sons, Inc. Published 2022 by John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
REFERENCES: Huang, Runqiu, Analysis of the geo-hazards triggered by the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake, China, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 68, 3, pp. 363-371, (2009); 
Parker, Robert N., Mass wasting triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake is greater than orogenic growth, Nature Geoscience, 4, 7, pp. 449-452, (2011); 
Cui, Peng, The Wenchuan Earthquake (May 12, 2008), Sichuan Province, China, and resulting geohazards, Natural Hazards, 56, 1, pp. 19-36, (2011); 
Zhang, Limin Min, Multi-hazard scenarios and consequences in Beichuan, China: The first five years after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Engineering Geology, 180, pp. 4-20, (2014); 
Zhang, Ming, Dynamics, mobility-controlling factors and transport mechanisms of rapid long-runout rock avalanches in China, Engineering Geology, 167, pp. 37-58, (2013); 
Wang, Zhaoyin, A prototype experiment of debris flow control with energy dissipation structures, Natural Hazards, 60, 3, pp. 971-989, (2012); 
Xu, Qiang, The 13 August 2010 catastrophic debris flows after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 12, 1, pp. 201-216, (2012); 
Chen, Xiaoqing, Engineering measures for debris flow hazard mitigation in the Wenchuan earthquake area, Engineering Geology, 194, pp. 73-85, (2015); 
Geological Review, (2012); 
Journal of Catastrophology, (2011)
PUBLISHER: wiley
DOCUMENT TYPE: Book chapter
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zhao, Z., Xu, T., Min, J., Zhang, Q., Li, W., He, C.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhao, Zhongyu (58121985800); Xu, Tao (58122133800); Min, Jie (58122282800); Zhang, Qingsong (58121985900); Li, Weile (25936551300); He, Chaoyang (36918503300)
58121985800; 58122133800; 58122282800; 58121985900; 25936551300; 36918503300
Multi-temporal Remote Sensing Analysis of Landslide Evolution around the Yingxiu Hydropower Station after the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake, in Sichuan Province, Southwest China
(2022), pp. 495 - 498, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.1109/IFEEA57288.2022.10038022
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85149144078&doi=10.1109%2FIFEEA57288.2022.10038022&partnerID=40&md5=c057dd7f5eb79f96451c4baec0c1b5c1

AFFILIATIONS: State Grid Sichuan Yingxiuwan Power Plant, Dujiangyan, China; State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: Yingxiu Hydropower Station is located in the epicentre area of the 2008 Wenchuan Ms 8.0 Earthquake. The Wenchuan earthquake triggered a lot of co-seismic landslides around the power station, resulting in a significant increase in the number and scale of landslides post the earthquake. The evolution of landslides around Yingxiu Hydropower Station after the Wenchuan earthquake is studied by using the high-resolution remote sensing images from 2004 to 2020. The landslide activity post the earthquake declined gradually. The first 5 years post the earthquake is the strongest activity period. Large scale landslides and debris flows occurred in 2010 and 2013, respectively. The landslide activity decreased significantly since 2014, and only small landslide occurred from 2014 to 2020. There are still a large number of loose solid materials in the gullies and on the slopes. In the future, under the effect of heavy rainfall, there is still the possibility of large-scale debris flow disasters, and monitoring should be strengthened. © 2022 IEEE.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: landslide evolution; remote sensing; Wenchuan earthquake; Yingxiu Hydropower Station
INDEX KEYWORDS: Debris; Earthquakes; Hydroelectric power; Hydroelectric power plants; Landslides; Rain; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Debris flows; Hydropower stations; Landslide evolution; Multi-temporal remote sensing; Remote sensing analysis; Remote-sensing; Sichuan province; Wenchuan Earthquake; Yingxiu hydropower station; Remote sensing
REFERENCES: Keefer, David K., LANDSLIDES CAUSED BY EARTHQUAKES., Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 95, 4, pp. 406-421, (1984); 
Harp, Edwin L., Landslides triggered by the 1994 Northridge, California, earthquake, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 86, 1 SUPPL. B, pp. S319-S332, (1996); 
Görüm, Tolga, Distribution pattern of earthquake-induced landslides triggered by the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Geomorphology, 133, 3-4, pp. 152-167, (2011); 
Parker, Robert N., Mass wasting triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake is greater than orogenic growth, Nature Geoscience, 4, 7, pp. 449-452, (2011); 
Tang, Chuan, Rainfall-triggered debris flows following the Wenchuan earthquake, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 68, 2, pp. 187-194, (2009); 
Tang, Chuan, Catastrophic debris flows triggered by a 14 August 2010 rainfall at the epicenter of the Wenchuan earthquake, Landslides, 8, 4, pp. 485-497, (2011); 
Tang, Chuan, Catastrophic debris flows on 13 August 2010 in the Qingping area, southwestern China: The combined effects of a strong earthquake and subsequent rainstorms, Geomorphology, 139-140, pp. 559-576, (2012); 
Xu, Qiang, The 13 August 2010 catastrophic debris flows after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 12, 1, pp. 201-216, (2012); 
Huang, Runqiu, Post-earthquake landsliding and long-term impacts in the Wenchuan earthquake area, China, Engineering Geology, 182, PB, pp. 111-120, (2014); 
Tang, Chenxiao, Analysing post-earthquake landslide activity using multi-temporal landslide inventories near the epicentral area of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 16, 12, pp. 2641-2655, (2016)
PUBLISHER: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
SPONSORS: IEEE
CONFERENCE NAME: 9th International Forum on Electrical Engineering and Automation, IFEEA 2022
CONFERENCE DATE: 2022-11-04 through 2022-11-06
CONFERENCE LOCATION: Virtual, Online
CONFERENCE CODE: 186667
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Cui, S., Pei, X., Yang, H., Yang, Q., Zhu, L.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Cui, Shenghua (56660242900); Pei, Xiangjun (14058672500); Yang, Hailong (57211190609); Yang, Qingwen (57192083411); Zhu, Ling (57210012612)
56660242900; 14058672500; 57211190609; 57192083411; 57210012612
Earthquake-Induced Stress Amplification and Rock Fragmentation within a Deep-Seated Bedding Fault: Case Study of the Daguangbao Landslide Triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake (Ms = 8:0)
(2022) Lithosphere, 2022 (SpecialIssue7), art. no. 6387274, Cited 7 times.
DOI: 10.2113/2022/6387274
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85143876803&doi=10.2113%2F2022%2F6387274&partnerID=40&md5=5d8acdd74400c2d764d88a5b972aa6f5

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: The 2008 Wenchuan Ms 8.0 earthquake triggered the Daguangbao (DGB) landslide, of which the shear surface belongs to a thrust bedding fault 400m below the carbonate slope. After the landslide, a 1.8 km-long inclined sliding face (0.3 km2) was exposed in the south source area. By using shaking table test, the contributions of the fault to the landslide sliding have been studied in this paper. The bedding fault in the test model is simplified as a weak layer with small elasticity and the carbonate layers as a hard layer with high elastic modulus, which is 296 times the weak one. The test records larger displacement amplitude in the upper hard layer than that in the lower one and larger pressure amplitude in the weak layer than that in the hard ones. We ascribed the stress amplification in the weak layer to time delay of shaking wave as wave velocity in the weak layer is only 1/15 of that in the hard layers. Such time delay gives rise to phase differences between the hard layers during shaking. The compressive stress amplification occurs in the weak layer when the upper hard layer moves downwards relative to the lower one; otherwise, tensile stress amplification occurs. It is suggested that this kind of stress amplification triggered an extensive fragmentation of the bedding fault rock mass during the Wenchuan earthquake, which can be verified by a good deal of gentle-dip and steep-dip cracks observed on site. It is proposed that stress amplification had caused a fast dropping of shear strength in the bedding fault to enhance the suddenness of DGB landslide initiation. © 2022 Shenghua Cui et al. Exclusive Licensee GeoScienceWorld. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0).
INDEX KEYWORDS: Amplification; Compressive stress; Earthquakes; Faulting; Landslides; Rock bursts; Wave propagation; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Case-studies; Daguangbao landslides; Hard layers; Induced stress; Rock fragmentation; Shear surfaces; Stress amplifications; Time-delays; Weak layer; Time delay; amplification; displacement; earthquake; elasticity; induced response; landslide; shear strength; Sichuan earthquake 2008; sliding; tensile stress; wave velocity; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Chang, Kuo Jen, Geological and morphological study of the Jiufengershan landslide triggered by the Chi-Chi Taiwan earthquake, Geomorphology, 71, 3-4, pp. 293-309, (2005); 
Pei, Xiangjun, Sanxicun landslide: an investigation of progressive failure of a gentle bedding slope, Natural Hazards, 111, 1, pp. 51-78, (2022); 
Zhang, Shuai, Effects of rainwater softening on red mudstone of deep-seated landslide, Southwest China, Engineering Geology, 204, pp. 1-13, (2016); 
Zhang, Zelin, The role of seismic triggering in a deep-seated mudstone landslide, China: Historical reconstruction and mechanism analysis, Engineering Geology, 226, pp. 122-135, (2017); 
Cao, Juan, Susceptibility assessment of landslides triggered by earthquakes in the Western Sichuan Plateau, Catena, 175, pp. 63-76, (2019); 
Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011); 
Fan, Xuanmei, Coseismic landslides triggered by the 8th August 2017 M s 7.0 Jiuzhaigou earthquake (Sichuan, China): factors controlling their spatial distribution and implications for the seismogenic blind fault identification, Landslides, 15, 5, pp. 967-983, (2018); 
Görüm, Tolga, Distribution pattern of earthquake-induced landslides triggered by the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Geomorphology, 133, 3-4, pp. 152-167, (2011); 
Xu, Chong, Database and spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the Lushan, China Mw 6.6 earthquake of 20 April 2013, Geomorphology, 248, pp. 77-92, (2015); 
Chigira, Masahiro, Landslides induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China, Geomorphology, 118, 3-4, pp. 225-238, (2010)
PUBLISHER: Geoscienceworld
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Han, S., Liu, B., Yang, J., Feng, T., Luo, J., Zhou, Z., Gong, H.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Han, Suyue (57215499164); Liu, Bin (56464425200); Yang, Jingjing (57891367000); Feng, Tingting (57898052300); Luo, Jie (57577414100); Zhou, Zhongli (7406092969); Gong, Hao (57215502684)
57215499164; 56464425200; 57891367000; 57898052300; 57577414100; 7406092969; 57215502684
Impact Assessment of the Effects of Strong Earthquake-Induced Hazards on the Socioeconomic Development Level of Earthquake-Stricken Areas after the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake
(2022) Mobile Information Systems, 2022, art. no. 1695637, Cited 1 times.
DOI: 10.1155/2022/1695637
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85138397683&doi=10.1155%2F2022%2F1695637&partnerID=40&md5=e84a9d34df345dbf55472490c7d0bad8

AFFILIATIONS: College of Management Science, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Geomathematics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; College of Mathematics and Physics, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: A strong earthquake-induced hazard has obvious long-term and spatial heterogeneity, which will result in continuous social and economic losses. Measuring the socioeconomic development level of the disaster area is of great significance for long-term development reconstruction after an earthquake. First, the kernel density estimation (KDE) is used to analyze the spatial effects of 10 extremely earthquake-stricken areas of the Wenchuan earthquake in this paper. Second, the economic gravity centers from 2006 to 2016 are calculated, and the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of the socioeconomic development level of the study area are analyzed. Finally, the relationship between the effects of strong earthquake-induced hazards and the level of socioeconomic development in earthquake-stricken areas is discussed. The results indicate that the effect of landslide hazards show an oscillatory attenuation trend with time from 2008 to 2016 and has significant spatial differentiation characteristics. The economic gravity centers move in the direction of "moving northeast first and moving southwest later"with time, and the movement trend is closely related to the effect of hazard and the industrial structure of the earthquake-stricken areas. © 2022 Suyue Han et al.
INDEX KEYWORDS: Disasters; Economic and social effects; Hazards; Losses; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Disaster areas; Economic loss; Gravity centers; Impact assessments; Kernel Density Estimation; Long-term development; Socio-economic development; Spatial heterogeneity; Strong earthquakes; Earthquakes
REFERENCES: Journal of Catastrophology, (2019); 
Stahl, Timothy A., Earthquake science in resilient societies, Tectonics, 36, 4, pp. 749-753, (2017); 
Abramson, David M., Measuring individual disaster recovery: A socioecological framework, Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness, 4, SUPPL. 1, pp. S46-S54, (2010); 
Fan, Jianrong, Rapid assessment of secondary disasters induced by the wenchuan earthquake, Computing in Science and Engineering, 12, 1, pp. 10-19, (2010); 
Tang, Wenzhe, Creating social–physical resilience to natural disasters: lessons from the Wenchuan earthquake, Natural Hazards, 79, 2, pp. 1111-1132, (2015); 
Chang-Richards, Alice Yan, An integrated approach: Managing resources for post-disaster reconstruction, Disasters, 35, 4, pp. 739-765, (2011); 
Burton, Christopher G., Evaluating post-Katrina recovery in Mississippi using repeat photography, Disasters, 35, 3, pp. 488-509, (2011); 
Ghaffarian, Saman, Agent-based modelling of post-disaster recovery with remote sensing data, International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 60, (2021); 
Wang, Jianfei, Indirect seismic economic loss assessment and recovery evaluation using nighttime light images - Application for Wenchuan earthquake, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 18, 12, pp. 3253-3266, (2018); 
Social Science Electronic Publishing, (2020)
PUBLISHER: Hindawi Limited
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GREEN ACCEPTED OPEN ACCESS; GREEN OPEN ACCESS; HYBRID GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Xia, J., Liu, H., Zhu, L.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Xia, Jun (57607453500); Liu, Hongjiang (59819039800); Zhu, Linfu (57679201700)
57607453500; 59819039800; 57679201700
Landslide Detection Based on Deep Learning and Google Earth Imagery
(2022) Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, 12285, art. no. 122850J, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.1117/12.2637088
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85134295511&doi=10.1117%2F12.2637088&partnerID=40&md5=86e6ff154c78dd784c1f6d566de00cac

AFFILIATIONS: School of Tourism, Leshan Teachers College, Leshan, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Landslide geological disasters have seriously threatened human life and property safety. This paper takes the Wenchuan earthquake landslide as the research object, and uses five deep learning models (LeNet5, AlexNet, VGG16, ResNet152V2 and DenseNet201) to explore the landslide detection method based on high-resolution Google Earth images, select the optimal model, and then use Google Earth to detect landslides. The images are cropped into image samples of 4 different sizes (60×60, 120×120, 180×180 and 240×240 Pixel), and the dataset is then trained, validated and tested using the optimal model. The results show that: (1) Among the five deep learning models, the DenseNet201 model is the best, the F1-Score is the largest, reaching 0.8878, and the RMSE is the smallest 0.2524; (2) In the Google Earth image sample datasets of four different sizes, the DenseNet201 deep learning model is used to analyze the landslide images. For detection, the F1-Score can reach 0.8995, the RMSE can reach 0.2486, and the Accuracy can reach 0.9308. It can be seen that based on high-resolution Google Earth images, the deep learning method can quickly and accurately detect landslide information, providing a method reference for the prevention and control of landslide geological hazards. © 2022 SPIE.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: deep learning; google earth imagery; landslide
INDEX KEYWORDS: Deep learning; Earthquakes; Geology; Learning systems; Remote sensing; Different sizes; Earth images; F1 scores; Google earth imagery; Google earths; High resolution; Landslide detection; Learning models; Optimal model; Landslides
REFERENCES: Marjanović, Miloš, Landslide assessment of the starča basin (croatia) using machine learning algorithms, Acta Geotechnica Slovenica, 8, 2, pp. 45-55, (2011); 
Goetz, Jason N., Evaluating machine learning and statistical prediction techniques for landslide susceptibility modeling, Computers and Geosciences, 81, pp. 1-11, (2015); 
Meghanadh, Devara, AUTOMATIC DETECTION OF LANDSLIDES BASED ON MACHINE LEARNING FRAMEWORK, International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), 2021-July, pp. 8460-8463, (2021); 
Yao, Guangle, An Empirical Study of the Convolution Neural Networks Based Detection on Object with Ambiguous Boundary in Remote Sensing Imagery-A Case of Potential Loess Landslide, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, 15, pp. 323-338, (2022); 
Tanatipuknon, Asadang, Study on combining two faster r-cnn models for landslide detection with a classification decision tree to improve the detection performance, Journal of Disaster Research, 16, 4, pp. 588-595, (2021); 
Wang, Yi, Comparison of convolutional neural networks for landslide susceptibility mapping in Yanshan County, China, Science of the Total Environment, 666, pp. 975-993, (2019); 
Ecotrophic, (2019); 
Mohan, Amrita, Review on remote sensing methods for landslide detection using machine and deep learning, Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies, 32, 7, (2021); 
Liu, Tong, Landslide Detection Mapping Employing CNN, ResNet, and DenseNet in the Three Gorges Reservoir, China, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, 14, pp. 11417-11428, (2021); 
Ji, Shunping, Landslide detection from an open satellite imagery and digital elevation model dataset using attention boosted convolutional neural networks, Landslides, 17, 6, pp. 1337-1352, (2020)
PUBLISHER: SPIE
SPONSORS: Academic Exchange Information Center (AEIC)
CONFERENCE NAME: 2022 International Conference on Advanced Algorithms and Neural Networks, AANN 2022
CONFERENCE DATE: 2022-02-25 through 2022-02-27
CONFERENCE LOCATION: Zhuhai
CONFERENCE CODE: 180686
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Hu, G., Huang, H., Chen, N., Somos-Valenzuela, M., Yang, Z., He, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Hu, Guisheng (35113314000); Huang, Hong (57374787900); Chen, Ningsheng (8726157200); Somos-Valenzuela, Marcelo A. (55644084400); Yang, Zhiquan (56171368600); He, Jie (55233337200)
35113314000; 57374787900; 8726157200; 55644084400; 56171368600; 55233337200
Largest scale successful real-time evacuation after the Wenchuan earthquake in China: lessons learned from the Zengda gully giant debris flow disaster
(2022) Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk, 13 (1), pp. 19 - 34, Cited 3 times.
DOI: 10.1080/19475705.2021.2000045
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85121309947&doi=10.1080%2F19475705.2021.2000045&partnerID=40&md5=eb544e2bd6ba23eeabc3e772b1af4e22

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, Xining, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Forest Sciences, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco, AR, Chile; Butamallin Research Center for Global Change, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco, AR, Chile; Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China; College of Tourism and Urban-Rural Planning, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: A catastrophic debris flow occurred in the Zengda gully, a branch of the Dajinchuan River in Zengda town, Jinchuan County, Sichuan Province, China. The successful implementation of a real-time evacuation avoided 820 casualties for people living in 200 settlements. This was the largest-scale successful real-time evacuation for a debris flow disaster after the Wenchuan earthquake in China. In order to better reveal the causes of the successful real-time evacuation process of the giant debris flow disaster, the characteristics, formation and movement process of the debris flow were studied using multi-temporal remote sensing images, field investigation, laboratory analysis, and empirical formula calculations. It was found that the successful real-time evacuation was possible because of a well-executed monitoring system, timely release of early warning information, a highly effective operation disaster prevention system, and decisive and advanced avoidance. It also transferred strategies through in-depth analysis of several important stages in the real-time evacuation process. Finally, an exemplary mode of community-based warning is proposed based on the Zengda gully giant debris flow disaster real-time evacuation. Specifically, the mode was led by government, implemented by local residents and proceeded with the guidance by experts in the field. The experience and effective risk avoidance mode presented in this paper can be shared and employed by other countries or regions at serious risk for debris flow disasters. © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: dynamic characteristics; early warning mode; formation and movement process; real-time evacuation; Zengda gully debris flow
INDEX KEYWORDS: Debris; Disaster prevention; Earthquakes; Landforms; Remote sensing; Debris flows; Dynamics characteristic; Early warning; Early warning mode; Formation and movement process; Large-scales; Real- time; Real-time evacuation; Warning modes; Zengdum gully debris flow; Disasters
REFERENCES: Borga, Marco, Hazard assessment and forecasting of landslides and debris flows: A case study in Northern Italy, pp. 343-367, (2019); 
Emergency Investigation Report of the Giant Boli Landslide Disasters in Jinchuan County Sichuan Province, (2019); 
Chen, Mingliang, Contribution of excessive supply of solid material to a runoff-generated debris flow during its routing along a gully and its impact on the Downstream Village with Blockage Effects, Water (Switzerland), 11, 1, (2019); 
Chen, Zhi, Formation analysis and characteristic estimation of the debris flow disaster of Mengdong River, Malipo County on September 2nd, 2018, IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 310, 5, (2019); 
Cheng, Deqiang, The characteristics of the Mocoa compound disaster event, Colombia, Landslides, 15, 6, pp. 1223-1232, (2018); 
Chen, Ningsheng, Effectiveness analysis of the prediction of regional debris flow susceptibility in post-earthquake and drought site, Journal of Mountain Science, 17, 2, pp. 329-339, (2020); 
Deng, Mingfeng, Debris flow amplification in a moraine terrace and related engineering measures in the Zongzhai valley, southeastern Tibetan plateau, Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk, 9, 1, pp. 1230-1248, (2018); 
Hu, Guisheng, Real-time evacuation and failure mechanism of a giant soil landslide on 19 July 2018 in Yanyuan County, Sichuan Province, China, Landslides, 16, 6, pp. 1177-1187, (2019); 
Hu, Guisheng, An effectiveness evaluation method for debris flow control engineering for cascading hydropower stations along the Jinsha River, China, Engineering Geology, 266, (2020); 
Mountain Research, (2020)
PUBLISHER: Taylor and Francis Ltd.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Tian, S., Zhang, J., Shi, B., Zhang, S.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Tian, Shujun (36609420200); Zhang, Jing (57296861100); Shi, Benben (57296508500); Zhang, Shanshan (57221690639)
36609420200; 57296861100; 57296508500; 57221690639
Evaluation of the benefits of facility for disaster mitigation based on the risk of debris flow
(2022) Landslides, 19 (1), pp. 85 - 97, Cited 8 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s10346-021-01776-5
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85117144121&doi=10.1007%2Fs10346-021-01776-5&partnerID=40&md5=13ef3b2de17f2c5a988d4fe85263cbf2

AFFILIATIONS: School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Numerous collapses and landslides caused by the Wenchuan earthquake provide abundant loose materials for a large number of debris flows that occurred after the earthquake. Most of the check dams were silted or damaged by debris flow due to the increased volume of materials after the earthquake. Taking the debris flows in the Qinglin Basin in China as a case study, 43 sets of numerical simulations of debris flow with different probabilities of occurrence and different facility combinations were performed to obtain the submerged range, velocity, and mud depth of debris flow in the residential area. The total risk of the residential area is calculated on the basis of the risk of a single building according to the vulnerability of the property and population and combined with the depth and velocity of debris flow. According to the change in risk in the residential area under different facility combinations, a novel method of quantitative evaluation of the benefits of facilities for disaster mitigation based on risk reduction per unit height of facility (RRPH) has been proposed. According to the result of the analysis, the method can quantify the benefits of disaster reduction by different facilities, analyze whether existing facilities meet disaster mitigation goals, and determine the optimal facility height, facility combination, or existing facilities improvement and optimization scheme. © 2021, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Benefit evaluation; Debris flow; Facility disaster mitigation; Risk assessment
INDEX KEYWORDS: Debris; Disasters; Earthquakes; Housing; Benefit evaluation; Check dam; Collapses and landslides; Debris flows; Disaster mitigation; Facility disaster mitigation; Loose materials; Residential areas; Risks assessments; Wenchuan Earthquake; Risk assessment; debris flow; disaster; disaster management; earthquake epicenter; earthquake event; natural disaster; optimization; vulnerability; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Alexander, David E., Natural Disasters: A Framework for Research and Teaching, Disasters, 15, 3, pp. 209-226, (1991); 
Armanini, Aronne, RATIONAL CRITERION FOR DESIGNING OPENING OF SLIT-CHECK DAM, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 127, 2, pp. 94-104, (2001); 
Banihabib, Mohammad Ebrahim, An assessment framework for the mitigation effects of check dams on debris flow, Catena, 152, pp. 277-284, (2017); 
Calvo, Benedetto, A real-world application of Monte Carlo procedure for debris flow risk assessment, Computers and Geosciences, 35, 5, pp. 967-977, (2009); 
Chen, Hong, A dynamic model for rainfall-induced landslides on natural slopes, Geomorphology, 51, 4, pp. 269-288, (2003); 
Chen, Hongxin, Evolution of debris flow properties and physical interactions in debris-flow mixtures in the Wenchuan earthquake zone, Engineering Geology, 182, PB, pp. 136-147, (2014); 
Chen, Hongxin, A physically-based multi-hazard risk assessment platform for regional rainfall-induced slope failures and debris flows, Engineering Geology, 203, pp. 15-29, (2016); 
Rainstorm Flood Calculation Manual for Small and Medium Sized Basins in Sichuan Province Sichuan Provincial Water Resources Department, (1984); 
Chen, Xiaoqing, Engineering measures for debris flow hazard mitigation in the Wenchuan earthquake area, Engineering Geology, 194, pp. 73-85, (2015); 
Mitigating Natural Disasters Phenomena Effects and Options, (1991)
PUBLISHER: Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Xiong, J., Tang, C., Gong, L., Chen, M., Li, N., Shi, Q., Zhang, X., Chang, M., Li, M.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Xiong, Jiang (57217517892); Tang, Chuan (35932953300); Gong, Lingfeng (57215612725); Chen, Ming (57199453005); Li, Ning (57211181445); Shi, Qingyun (57217257328); Zhang, Xianzheng (57219298270); Chang, Ming (36727157900); Li, Mingwei (57222871091)
57217517892; 35932953300; 57215612725; 57199453005; 57211181445; 57217257328; 57219298270; 36727157900; 57222871091
How landslide sediments are transferred out of an alpine basin: Evidence from the epicentre of the Wenchuan earthquake
(2022) Catena, 208, art. no. 105781, Cited 28 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.catena.2021.105781
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85116932777&doi=10.1016%2Fj.catena.2021.105781&partnerID=40&md5=23f2441cf8b314f8d9f6ed5dceb4ca44

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; China Geological Survey, Beijing, Beijing, China; School of Sciences, Xihua University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: The Wenchuan earthquake and subsequent strong rainfall triggered extensive mass wasting, which caused sufficient landslide sediment to be continuously transferred out of the alpine basin. Effective sediment management in earthquake areas requires a full understanding of how landslide sediment is transferred out of alpine basins. In this study, field investigations and remote sensing interpretations indicated that the bedrock or hillslope surface materials were transferred downstream of the hillslope through falls, slides, fall slides, slide falls, and slide flows. Subsequently, field investigations and box model tests showed that the loose landslide sediment was transferred to the channel mainly through three typical processes (erosion driven by torrents or debris flow, saturation, and surface runoff), which occurred simultaneously in the first several years after the Wenchuan earthquake. However, surface runoff erosion was the main transfer process in the following period. Using the number and area of effective landslides, the length and area of landslide sediment in channels, and the effective basin as indicators, we present observational evidence of the landslide sediment transport process based on a remote sensing image time series from 2005 to 2018. The trends of the indicators suggested that the sediment transfer process in the alpine basin was intense during the first 5 years after the Wenchuan earthquake; then, it gradually weakened without the influence of extreme rainfall, but it may last 20 years or longer before returning to the pre-earthquake level. © 2021 Elsevier B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Alpine basin; Landslide sediment; Transfer process; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: hillslope; landslide; mass wasting; remote sensing; runoff; sediment transport; Sichuan earthquake 2008
REFERENCES: Baynes, Edwin R.C., Fluvial evacuation of landslide material from bedrock-confined channels under controlled experimental conditions, Geomorphology, 368, (2020); 
Campforts, Benjamin, HyLands 1.0: A hybrid landscape evolution model to simulate the impact of landslides and landslide-derived sediment on landscape evolution, Geoscientific Model Development, 13, 9, pp. 3863-3886, (2020); 
Chang, Ming, Evolution process of sediment supply for debris flow occurrence in the Longchi area of Dujiangyan City after the Wenchuan earthquake, Landslides, 12, 3, pp. 611-623, (2015); 
Chen, Ming, The long-term evolution of landslide activity near the epicentral area of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China, Geomorphology, 367, (2020); 
Chen, Ming, Temporal and spatial differentiation in the surface recovery of post-seismic landslides in Wenchuan earthquake-affected areas, Ecological Informatics, 64, (2021); 
Chen, Yuechao, Research of impacts of the 2018 Hokkaido eastern Iburi earthquake on sediment transport in the Atsuma river basin using the SWAT model, Water (Switzerland), 13, 3, (2021); 
Croissant, Thomas, Seismic cycles, earthquakes, landslides and sediment fluxes: Linking tectonics to surface processes using a reduced-complexity model, Geomorphology, 339, pp. 87-103, (2019); 
Croissant, Thomas, Rapid post-seismic landslide evacuation boosted by dynamic river width, Nature Geoscience, 10, 9, pp. 680-684, (2017); 
undefined, (1996); 
Dadson, Simon J., Earthquake-triggered increase in sediment delivery from an active mountain belt, Geology, 32, 8, pp. 733-736, (2004)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Cui, S., Pei, X., Jiang, Y., Wang, G., Fan, X., Yang, Q., Huang, R.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Cui, Shenghua (56660242900); Pei, Xiangjun (14058672500); Jiang, Yao (56342331200); Wang, Gonghui (8532560900); Fan, Xuanmei (12752112800); Yang, Qingwen (57192083411); Huang, Runqiu (55835407700)
56660242900; 14058672500; 56342331200; 8532560900; 12752112800; 57192083411; 55835407700
Liquefaction within a bedding fault: Understanding the initiation and movement of the Daguangbao landslide triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake (Ms = 8.0)
(2021) Engineering Geology, 295, art. no. 106455, Cited 129 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2021.106455
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85118879035&doi=10.1016%2Fj.enggeo.2021.106455&partnerID=40&md5=717f7c93c2fcdf88085fc9350c06d24e

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; CAS-HEC, Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan; Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Uji, Kyoto, Japan
ABSTRACT: The Daguangbao landslide was the most catastrophic mass movement triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake with a magnitude scale of Ms. 8.0. The landslide, which was 4.6 km long and 3.7 km wide, had a volume of approximately 1.2 × 109 m3. Since its occurrence, many assumptions regarding its initiation and movement mechanisms have been made; however, the mechanisms remain unclear. Our recent field evidence suggested that the Daguangbao landslide occurred along a saturated fault parallel to the bedding in the Paleozoic carbonate strata. We therefore examined whether the shear behavior of the fault material could have favored the initiation and movement of the Daguangbao landslide. First, we performed monotonic and cyclic loading tests on samples taken from the bedding fault breccia using ring-shear apparatus. We then conducted Newmark displacement analysis to examine the initiation and motion of the landslide. The laboratory results showed that the carbonate fault breccia on the sliding layer of the landslide has a high liquefaction potential and the friction coefficient at its steady-state under undrained condition could be as small as 0.04. We also found that with increase of shear displacement, the friction coefficients can at first exponentially increase to the peak-failure value and then exponentially decrease to the steady-state value. These relationships between the friction and shear displacements were incorporated in the Newmark analysis of landslide initiation and motion. The numerical calculation results showed that the landslide occurred 36 s after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake origin time (at its hypocenter), and the landslide mass, with a speed of 94 m/s, collided with a riverbank in the 76th second. We infer that, in addition to the strong seismic force, pore-water pressure built up within the bedding fault during the seismic shaking, enhancing the instability of the Daguangbao slope, and a further increase of pore-water pressure with progress of sliding elevated the mobility of the landslide. © 2021 Elsevier B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Coseismic landslide; Daguangbao landslide; Initiation mechanism; Ring-shear test; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Cyclic loads; Faulting; Friction; Landslides; Liquefaction; Pore pressure; Pressure distribution; Water; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Coseismic landslide; Daguangbao landslides; Fault breccia; Friction coefficients; Initiation mechanism; Pore-water pressures; Ring shear tests; Shear displacement; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes; computer simulation; coseismic process; earthquake engineering; earthquake hypocenter; earthquake magnitude; ground motion; landslide; liquefaction; mass movement; numerical model; shear test; Sichuan earthquake 2008; site effect; slope dynamics; trigger mechanism; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Braathen, Alvar B., Dynamic development of fault rocks in a crustal-scale detachment: An example from western Norway, Tectonics, 23, 4, pp. TC4010-21, (2004); 
Burchfiel, B. Clark, A geological and geophysical context for the Wenchuan earthquake of 12 May 2008, Sichuan, People's Republic of China, GSA Today, 18, 7, pp. 4-11, (2008); 
Journal of the Boston Society of Civil Engineers, (1936); 
Castro, Gonzalo, FACTORS AFFECTING LIQUEFACTION AND CYCLIC MOBILITY, Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, ASCE, 103, 6, pp. 501-516, (1977); 
Chang, Kuo Jen, Analysis of landsliding by earthquake shaking using a block-on-slope thermo-mechanical model: Example of Jiufengershan landslide, central Taiwan, Engineering Geology, 80, 1-2, pp. 151-163, (2005); 
Chen, Qiang, Quantification of mass wasting volume associated with the giant landside Daguangbao induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake from persistent scatterer InSAR, Remote Sensing of Environment, 152, pp. 125-135, (2014); 
Chigira, Masahiro, Landslides induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China, Geomorphology, 118, 3-4, pp. 225-238, (2010); 
Collettini, Cristiano, Fault zone fabric and fault weakness, Nature, 462, 7275, pp. 907-910, (2009); 
Cui, Shenghua, On the initiation and movement mechanisms of a catastrophic landslide triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan (Ms 8.0) earthquake in the epicenter area, Landslides, 14, 3, pp. 805-819, (2017); 
Cui, Shenghua, Effects of geological and tectonic characteristics on the earthquake-triggered Daguangbao landslide, China, Landslides, 15, 4, pp. 649-667, (2018)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Luo, Y., Zhang, Y., Wang, Y., He, Y., Zhang, Y., Cao, H.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Luo, Yonghong (55832604800); Zhang, Yan (57196206396); Wang, Yunsheng (7601489707); He, Yuan (57309411100); Zhang, Yueyue (57219717220); Cao, Hong (57297738500)
55832604800; 57196206396; 7601489707; 57309411100; 57219717220; 57297738500
A unique failure model for a landslide induced by the Wenchuan earthquake in the Liujiawan area, Qingchuan County, China
(2021) Engineering Geology, 295, art. no. 106412, Cited 17 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2021.106412
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85117236647&doi=10.1016%2Fj.enggeo.2021.106412&partnerID=40&md5=99b165e87b89f155134d680436aca3fd

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Natural Resources Ecological Restoration Center of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
ABSTRACT: The Wenchuan earthquake triggered many landslides in the Longmen Mountain area. Among them, landslide #1, which had a unique failure model, occurred in the Liujiawan area, Qingchuan County, and experienced two failure processes. First, the shallow surface phyllitic slate and slate generated coseismic landslides, and then, the outcropping dolomite generated another landslide accumulation process at the slope foot. Landslide deposits formed a two-stage accumulation platform with different lithologies, and this structure was extremely rare among large coseismic landslides triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake. The numerical simulation results verified the unique failure process of landslide #1. The study results are helpful in further understanding landslide disasters caused by strong earthquakes and the disaster formation process. © 2021 Elsevier B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Amplification effects; Coseismic landslides; Soft-hard interbedding; Unloading relaxation; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Disasters; Landslides; Unloading; Amplification effects; Coseismic landslide; Failure modelling; Failure process; Landslide deposits; Longmen Mountain; Soft-hard interbedding; Strong earthquakes; Unloading relaxation; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes; amplification; coseismic process; failure mechanism; landslide; Sichuan earthquake 2008; China; Qingchuan; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Abrahamson, Norman A.Bolt, Effects of the hanging wall and footwall on ground motions recorded during the Northridge earthquake, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 86, 1 SUPPL. B, pp. S93-S99, (1996); 
Buech, F., The little red hill seismic experimental study: Topographic effects on ground motion at a bedrock-dominated mountain edifice, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 100, 5 A, pp. 2219-2229, (2010); 
Chigira, Masahiro, Landslides induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China, Geomorphology, 118, 3-4, pp. 225-238, (2010); 
Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011); 
Du, Juan, Landslide susceptibility assessment based on an incomplete landslide inventory in the Jilong Valley, Tibet, Chinese Himalayas, Engineering Geology, 270, (2020); 
Fan, Ruilin, Evaluating volume of coseismic landslide clusters by flow direction-based partitioning, Engineering Geology, 260, (2019); 
Del Gaudio, Vincenzo, Using ambient noise to characterise seismic slope response: The case of Qiaozhuang peri-urban hillslopes (Sichuan, China), Engineering Geology, 246, pp. 374-390, (2018); 
Gong, Wenping, Probabilistic analysis and design of stabilizing piles in slope considering stratigraphic uncertainty, Engineering Geology, 259, (2019); 
Gong, Wenping, Geohazards and human settlements: Lessons learned from multiple relocation events in Badong, China – Engineering geologist's perspective, Engineering Geology, 285, (2021); 
Görüm, Tolga, Distribution pattern of earthquake-induced landslides triggered by the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Geomorphology, 133, 3-4, pp. 152-167, (2011)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Hongwei, L., Xiaoyan, Z., Dian, X.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Hongwei, Liu (56487450900); Xiaoyan, Zhao (57244086600); Dian, Xiao (57243945500)
56487450900; 57244086600; 57243945500
Effects of local topography on the mobility of rock avalanches: A statistical analysis based on 36 cases from south-western China
(2021) Engineering Geology, 294, art. no. 106351, Cited 6 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2021.106351
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85114195801&doi=10.1016%2Fj.enggeo.2021.106351&partnerID=40&md5=22c64caba4c0b0a3f1c861211e98db4c

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Geological Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Rock avalanches are the extremely rapid flow-like movements of dry debris with extreme destructive potential. The mobility of these landslides can be characterised with Fahrböschung (defined as the ratio of fall height H over runout distance L) and runout distance. Here we statistically analyze the effects of local topography on the mobility of rock avalanches using a database that includes 36 well-documented events that occurred in south-western China, half of which induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. The analysis is conducted by distinguishing the three basic confinement categories of the rock avalanches, i.e. L-confined (laterally confined), U-confined (unconfined) and F-confined (frontally confined). The results of simple linear regression for H/L ratio and of multiple linear regression for runout distance L indicate that runout distance is preferable as a measure of mobility compared with H/L ratio due to the higher coefficient of determination. Moreover, the box-plots of residuals of the logarithm of runout distance indicated that frontal confinement tends to reduce runout distance, while lateral confinement enhances it. However, additional statistical analyses should be conducted exploiting a larger database of rock avalanches from a wider variety of environments. © 2021 Elsevier B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Confinement; Flow-like landslides; Linear regression; Residual analysis
INDEX KEYWORDS: Earthquakes; Landslides; Plasma confinement; Rocks; Topography; 'Dry' [; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Confinement; Flow-like landslide; Local topography; Residuals analysis; Rock avalanche; Runout distances; Statistically analysis; Western China; Linear regression; extreme event; landslide; regression analysis; rock avalanche; rock mechanics; statistical analysis; China
REFERENCES: Corominas, Jordi, The angle of reach as a mobility index for small and large landslides, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 33, 2, pp. 260-271, (1996); 
Dai, Fuchu, Rock avalanches triggered by oblique-thrusting during the 12 May 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Geomorphology, 132, 3-4, pp. 300-318, (2011); 
Davies, Timothy R.H., Spreading of rock avalanche debris by mechanical fluidization, Rock Mechanics, 15, 1, pp. 9-24, (1982); 
Davies, Timothy R.H., A fragmentation-spreading model for long-runout rock avalanches, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 36, 6, pp. 1096-1110, (1999); 
Eisbacher, Gerhard H., CLIFF COLLAPSE AND ROCK AVALANCHES (STURZSTROMS) IN THE MACKENZIE MOUNTAINS, NORTHWESTERN CANADA., Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 16, 2, pp. 309-334, (1979); 
Erismann, Theodor H., Mechanisms of large landslides, Rock Mechanics, 12, 1, pp. 15-46, (1979); 
Fan, Xuanmei, Failure mechanism and kinematics of the deadly June 24th 2017 Xinmo landslide, Maoxian, Sichuan, China, Landslides, 14, 6, pp. 2129-2146, (2017); 
Fan, Xuanmei, What we have learned from the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake and its aftermath: A decade of research and challenges, Engineering Geology, 241, pp. 25-32, (2018); 
Fan, Xuanmei, The “long” runout rock avalanche in Pusa, China, on August 28, 2017: a preliminary report, Landslides, 16, 1, pp. 139-154, (2019); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2019)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Fan, X.-W., Nie, G.-Z., Deng, Y., An, J.-W., Xia, C.-X.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Fan, Xiwei (57192692501); Nie, Gaozhong (8728895400); Deng, Yan (36828950700); An, Jiwen (55567232300); Xia, Chaoxu (57201380475)
57192692501; 8728895400; 36828950700; 55567232300; 57201380475
Earthquake building damage detection using UAV thermal infrared remote sensing images 基于无人机热红外遥感数据的地震倒塌房屋提取
(2021) Dizhen Dizhi, 43 (6), pp. 1657 - 1670, Cited 1 times.
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2021.06.017
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85123414299&doi=10.3969%2Fj.issn.0253-4967.2021.06.017&partnerID=40&md5=05100a0a11fec8da6ccaf0426e32c10c

AFFILIATIONS: China Earthquake Administration, Beijing, China; China Earthquake Administration, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Remote sensing is widely used for large-scale land surface information acquisition, such as land surface temperature estimation, land use and land cover classifications. Compared with in-situ field investigation, remote sensing has many advantages of efficiency and cost saving of human and material resources. As for the seismic risk reduction, the building area extraction, building height and other parameters acquisition, building structure type classification, and identification of post-earthquake building collapse, earthquake induced landslide, quake lake and other secondary disasters are the most important parts of remote sensing applications. The high- or mid-spatial resolution visible images of centimeters to meters acquired from airborne and spaceborne instruments are widely used for damage building identifications, such as the April 14th Yushu earthquake in 2010. But the visible images cannot be used for nighttime land surface information acquisition. Thus, the active remote sensing techniques such as SAR or LiDAR are effective substitution for nighttime earthquake disaster information acquisitions. But the SAR and LiDAR data are not shown in traditional way which are similar with the visible images, and can only be interpreted by professional researchers. Note that some of the earthquakes occurred during the nighttime, for example the July 28th Tangshan earthquake occurred at the local time of 3:42. The nighttime earthquake disaster information acquisition is as important as the daytime. Considering the thermal infrared(TIR)sensor can receive thermal radiances emitted by surface features with the wavelength of 3 to 100μm and independent on solar radiations, this study tries to use TIR data acquired during nighttime to identify earthquake building damage types. This study takes the Beichuan earthquake site of the Wenchuan earthquake in 2008 as the research area. To acquire TIR image of the study area, the UAV of DJI M200 version 2 with the payload of ZENMUSE XT2 is used. The XT2 has two cameras, with one traditional RGB visible camera and one TIR camera with the center wavelength of 10μm and spectral range of 7.5~13.5μm. The focal plane of XT2 have pixels of 4000×3000 for the visible camera and 640×512 for TIR camera. The pixel size of the TIR camera focal plane is 17μm and the focal length is 13mm. The M200 used in this study was flying at a height of 120m above ground. Thus the spatial resolution of the corresponding TIR image is about 15.7cm for vertical view condition. The TIR images of old town and new town of Beichuan county-seat are acquired with M200. To evaluate the accuracy of identification of the damaged buildings using UAV TIR data, the visible images of the study areas are also acquired during the daytime and taken as reference. After mosaicing the daytime visible images and nighttime TIR images, respectively, all the buildings in the study area are classified into three damage types by artificial interpretation: slight damage, moderate damage, and destruction. By comparing the damaged building types by visible remote sensing data as the true value, the confuse matrix are constructed for the TIR data estimated building damage types. It is found that the UAV TIR remote sensing data can be used for the identification of damaged buildings at night, and the overall accuracy is 0.86, among which the user accuracy of the three damage types are all larger than 0.8. The mapping accuracy is 0.95, 0.67, and 0.84, for slight damage, moderate damage, and destruction types, respectively. The accuracy of moderate damage is 0.67. This is because the TIR image has only one channel and cannot show colors. Thus the moderate damage buildings are confused with trees and other features. © 2021, Editorial Office of Seismology and Geology. All right reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Collapsed buildings; Earthquakes; Thermal infrared image; UAV
INDEX KEYWORDS: Buildings; Cameras; Classification (of information); Damage detection; Disasters; Infrared imaging; Infrared radiation; Land use; Optical radar; Pixels; Remote sensing; Surface measurement; Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV); Collapsed buildings; Damage type; Earthquake building damage; Information acquisitions; Remote-sensing; Study areas; Thermal infrared data; Thermal infrared images; Thermal infrared remote sensing; Visible image; Earthquakes; accuracy assessment; building; detection method; disaster; earthquake; earthquake damage; remote sensing; satellite imagery; Beichuan; China; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Fan, Xiwei, The extraction of house distribution based on photogrammetry method: Taking the countryside in the west of china for example, Dizhen Dizhi, 39, 4, pp. 805-818, (2017); 
Urban Geotechnical Investigation and Surveying, (2013); 
Zhao, G. M., The statistical analysis of the day and night and the season distribution of earthquakes in China, Earthquake, 21, 3, pp. 51-56, (2001); 
Remote Sensing for Land Resources, (1998); 
Ha, Hyunuk Wook, Fault detection on transmission lines using a microphone array and an infrared thermal imaging camera, IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 61, 1, pp. 267-275, (2012); 
Mansor, Shattri Bin, Monitoring of underground coal fires using thermal infrared data, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 15, 8, pp. 1675-1685, (1994); 
Qin, Qi Ming, Geothermal area detection using Landsat ETM+ thermal infrared data and its mechanistic analysis-A case study in Tengchong, China, International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 13, 4, pp. 552-559, (2011); 
Rockwell, Barnaby W., Identification of quartz and carbonate minerals across northern Nevada using aster thermal infrared emissivity data-implications for geologic mapping and mineral resource investigations in well-studied and frontier areas, Geosphere, 4, 1, pp. 218-246, (2008)
PUBLISHER: State Seismology Administration
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Li, N., Tang, C., Zhang, X., Chang, M., Shu, Z., Bu, X.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Li, Ning (57211181445); Tang, Chuan (35932953300); Zhang, Xianzheng (57219298270); Chang, Ming (36727157900); Shu, Zhile (35206929200); Bu, Xianghang (56660319500)
57211181445; 35932953300; 57219298270; 36727157900; 35206929200; 56660319500
Characteristics of the disastrous debris flow of Chediguan gully in Yinxing town, Sichuan Province, on August 20, 2019
(2021) Scientific Reports, 11 (1), art. no. 23666, Cited 21 times.
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03125-x
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85120968686&doi=10.1038%2Fs41598-021-03125-x&partnerID=40&md5=14746cd933f1d0ad0320e3c3d327e3da

AFFILIATIONS: School of Sciences, Xihua University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; State Grid Corporation of China, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: On August 20, 2019, at 2 a.m., a disastrous debris flow occurred in Chediguan gully in Yinxing town, China. The debris flow destroyed the drainage groove and the bridge at the exit of the gully. In addition, the debris flow temporarily blocked the Minjiang River during the flood peak, flooding the Taipingyi hydropower station 200 m upstream and leaving two plant workers missing. To further understand the activity of the debris flow after the Wenchuan earthquake, the characteristics of this debris flow event were studied. Eleven years after the Wenchuan earthquake, a disastrous debris flow still occurred in the Chediguan catchment, causing more severe losses than those of earlier debris flows. In this paper, the formation mechanism and dynamic characteristics of this debris flow event are analysed based on a drone survey, high-definition remote sensing interpretations and other means. The catastrophic debris flow event indicates that debris flows in the Wenchuan earthquake area are still active. A large amount of dredging work in the main gully could effectively reduce the debris flow risk in the gully. In addition, it is also important to repair or rebuild damaged mitigation measures and to establish a real-time monitoring and early warning system for the high-risk gully. © 2021, The Author(s).
INDEX KEYWORDS: article; catchment area (hydrology); dredging; earthquake; human; remote sensing
REFERENCES: Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011); 
Chang, Ming, Hazard assessment of debris flows in the Wenchuan earthquake-stricken area, South West China, Landslides, 14, 5, pp. 1783-1792, (2017); 
Fan, Ruilin, Evolution of debris flow activities in Gaojiagou Ravine during 2008–2016 after the Wenchuan earthquake, Engineering Geology, 235, pp. 1-10, (2018); 
Mountain Research, (2014); 
Tang, Chuan, Triggering conditions and depositional characteristics of a disastrous debris flow event in Zhouqu city, Gansu Province, northwestern China, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 11, 11, pp. 2903-2912, (2011); 
Tang, Chuan, Landslide hazard assessment of the 2008 wenchuan earthquake: A case study in Beichuan area, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 48, 1, pp. 128-145, (2011); 
Chen, Ming, The long-term evolution of landslide activity near the epicentral area of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China, Geomorphology, 367, (2020); 
Mountain Research, (2019); 
Analysis of Energy Dissipation Effect of Chediguan Gully on the Duwen Highway D, (2016); 
Research on the Development Characteristics and Counter Measurement of the Debris Flow in Chediguan Gully Along the State Road of G213, (2015)
PUBLISHER: Nature Research
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS; GREEN ACCEPTED OPEN ACCESS; GREEN OPEN ACCESS

Jin, Z., Hilton, R.G., West, A.J., Li, G.K., Zhang, F., Wang, J., Li, G., Fan, X., Hsieh, M.-L.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Jin, Zhangdong (7403625767); Hilton, Robert G. (24385259400); West, Alison Joshua (26538380300); Li, Gen K. (57223190125); Zhang, Fei (55195292000); Wang, Jin (58465079600); Li, Gaojun (14627592900); Fan, Xuanmei (12752112800); Hsieh, Menglong (7202490180)
7403625767; 24385259400; 26538380300; 57223190125; 55195292000; 58465079600; 14627592900; 12752112800; 7202490180
The role of earthquake-induced landslides in erosion and weathering from active mountain ranges: Progress and perspectives
(2021) Science China Earth Sciences, 64 (12), pp. 2069 - 2082, Cited 6 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11430-021-9832-3
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85120048458&doi=10.1007%2Fs11430-021-9832-3&partnerID=40&md5=6e54c084fdd4b7763d21cc9af5bc7b40

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Institute of Global Environmental Change, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Faculty of Social Sciences & Health, Durham, County Durham, United Kingdom; Department of Earth Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, Pasadena, CA, United States; School of Land Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Taiwan Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, China
ABSTRACT: Earthquakes play a fundamental role in the evolution of Earth’s topography through co-seismic uplift and subsidence, as well as erosion through widespread landslides induced by ground motion. Earthquake-induced landslides can result in exceptional increases in the transfer of mass from landscapes, supplying sediment to rivers where impacts can last for decades or longer. Landslides can also erode vegetation and soils, in addition to exposing freshly ground rock mass, which can both result in regionally significant carbon transfers. Recent work has sought to quantify the fluxes, rates, and temporal patterns of the impacts on earth surface processes generated by these tectonic events. In this review, we focus on the impacts of earthquake-induced landslides on erosion and sediment flux, river water chemistry, and carbon export through the lens of the well-studied 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. We then discuss these themes in the context of works from the 1999 Taiwan Chi-Chi earthquake, 2015 Nepalese Gorkha earthquake, and New Zealand historical earthquakes, altogether highlighting an important role of earthquake-induced landslides in erosion and weathering along tectonically active mountain ranges. We suggest that more monitoring, geochemical tracing, paleo-records, and/or modelling studies are needed to compare the processes and fluxes of catchment erosion and weathering before and after earthquake events, which will help to deepen our understanding not only of the impacts of earthquake-induced landslides on earth surface processes, but also the linkage among high magnitude events, continental erosion and weathering, and the long-term global carbon cycle. © 2021, Science China Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Chemical weathering; Earthquake; Erosion; Tectonically active mountain ranges; The carbon cycle
INDEX KEYWORDS: Carbon; Earthquakes; Landforms; Landslides; Topography; Weathering; Chemical weathering; Co-seismic uplifts; Earth surface process; Earthquake; Earthquake-induced landslides; Mountain ranges; Seismic subsidences; Tectonically active mountain range; The carbon cycle; Erosion
REFERENCES: Avouac, Jean Philippe, Dynamic Processes in Extensional and Compressional Settings - Mountain Building: From Earthquakes to Geological Deformation, 6, pp. 377-439, (2007); 
Thrust Tectonics, (1992); 
Berhe, Asmeret Asefaw, The significance of the erosion-induced terrestrial carbon sink, BioScience, 57, 4, pp. 337-346, (2007); 
Bluth, Gregg Jon Seymour, Lithologic and climatologic controls of river chemistry, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 58, 10, pp. 2341-2359, (1994); 
Brantley, Susan L., Probing deep weathering in the Shale Hills Critical Zone Observatory, Pennsylvania (USA): The hypothesis of nested chemical reaction fronts in the subsurface, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 38, 11, pp. 1280-1298, (2013); 
Calmels, Damien, Contribution of deep groundwater to the weathering budget in a rapidly eroding mountain belt, Taiwan, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 303, 1-2, pp. 48-58, (2011); 
Champagnac, Jean Daniel, Quaternary erosion-induced isostatic rebound in the western Alps, Geology, 35, 3, pp. 195-198, (2007); 
Western Pacific Earth Sciences, (2001); 
Chen, Roufei, Large earthquake-triggered landslides and mountain belt erosion: The Tsaoling case, Taiwan, Comptes Rendus - Geoscience, 337, 13, pp. 1164-1172, (2005); 
Chen, Huai, Aftermath of the wenchuan earthquake, Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 7, 2, (2009)
PUBLISHER: Science Press (China)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Review
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Cheng, Q., Yang, Y., Du, Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Cheng, Qiang (57203812315); Yang, Yinghui (55323282300); Du, Yi (57244552500)
57203812315; 55323282300; 57244552500
Failure mechanism and kinematics of the Tonghua landslide based on multidisciplinary pre- and post-failure data
(2021) Landslides, 18 (12), pp. 3857 - 3874, Cited 11 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s10346-021-01770-x
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85118202528&doi=10.1007%2Fs10346-021-01770-x&partnerID=40&md5=a972378501b3dbf62862dbdf0920dd0f

AFFILIATIONS: Chengdu Aircraft Design and Research Institute, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: Knowledge of kinematics is crucial for understanding landslide mechanisms and assessing hazards. However, characterizing landslide kinematics is often challenging because landslides are sudden events with spatial and temporal coverage. Combining field investigations and remote sensing, the present study reveals the kinematic features, evolution processes, and triggering mechanism of a translational debris slide (the Tonghua landslide) that occurred on August 8 of 2017 in Sichuan Province, China. Based on digital orthophoto maps and digital elevation models derived from unmanned aerial vehicle photogrammetry, 3 years of post-failure kinematics were surveyed in detail. The landslide body experienced moderate-velocity (1.19–3.98 m/d) to slow-velocity (33.2–205.5 mm/d) sliding, eventually entering a period of very-slow-velocity (0.1–1.0 mm/d) sliding. A long-term pre-failure creeping process in the source area of the landslide was detected by interpreting interferometric synthetic aperture radar data and satellite images. At the front part of the source area, the observed deformation velocity was 15–25 mm/year between November 7, 2014 and July 30, 2017. Additionally, the source area of the landslide was found to be located on a hollow slope within a cirque catchment of ~ 67,500 m2. This complicated topographic feature promoted groundwater infiltration and long-term slope creeping; indeed, the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake may have aggravated surface cracking and soil weakening. Long-term creep of the slope caused cracking, saturation, and deformation of the soil body. Finally, seismic effects caused by tunnel blasting triggered sliding of the deformed soils. © 2021, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris slide; Kinematics; Moraine soil; Triggering mechanism
INDEX KEYWORDS: Antennas; Catchments; Creep; Debris; Earthquakes; Failure (mechanical); Groundwater; Kinematics; Landslides; Remote sensing; Synthetic aperture radar; Velocity; Debris slide; Failure data; Failure mechanism; Landslide mechanism; Moraine soil; Source area; Spatial coverage; Sudden events; Temporal coverage; Triggering mechanism; Soils; cirque; cracking (fracture); kinematics; landslide; orthophoto; Sichuan earthquake 2008; unmanned vehicle; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Adushkin, Vitaly V., Hill Slope Falls and Long-Runout Rockslides under Large-Scale Underground Blasting, Journal of Mining Science, 55, 6, pp. 893-904, (2019); 
Bai, Shibiao, Comparing characteristics of rainfall- and earthquake-triggered landslides in the Upper Minjiang catchment, China, Engineering Geology, 268, (2020); 
Berardino, Paolo, A new algorithm for surface deformation monitoring based on small baseline differential SAR interferograms, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 40, 11, pp. 2375-2383, (2002); 
Carlà, Tommaso, Combination of GNSS, satellite InSAR, and GBInSAR remote sensing monitoring to improve the understanding of a large landslide in high alpine environment, Geomorphology, 335, pp. 62-75, (2019); 
Report on Highways Damage in the Wenchuan Earthquake Geological Disaster in Chinese, (2012); 
Cheng, Qiang, Research on development rules of seismic landslide and collapse along highways in highly seismic region of Wenchuan earthquake, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 30, 9, pp. 1747-1760, (2011); 
Mario Costantini, T., A novel phase unwrapping method based on network programming, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 36, 3, pp. 813-821, (1998); 
Gb67222003, (2014); 
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Dai, Fuchu, Landslide characteristics and slope instability modeling using GIS, Lantau Island, Hong Kong, Geomorphology, 42, 3-4, pp. 213-228, (2002)
PUBLISHER: Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Kang, D., Yin, C., Zhu, D.-H., Zou, S.-Z.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Kang, Di (55642746800); Yin, Caijia Jjia (57244702600); Zhu, Dahai (57195735363); Zou, Shuzhen (56587397800)
55642746800; 57244702600; 57195735363; 56587397800
Altitude and landslide scale regulated the assembly of grassland communities on landslides during the recovery process after the magnitude 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China
(2021) Ecological Engineering, 172, art. no. 106413, Cited 17 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2021.106413
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85114177721&doi=10.1016%2Fj.ecoleng.2021.106413&partnerID=40&md5=4188387fb0c09e337c5bba8c5f28586f

AFFILIATIONS: China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan, China; The Research Center of Recycle Agricultural Engineering and Technology of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, Shaanxi, China; Management Office of Longxi-Hongkou National Nature Reserve, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Earthquakes are one of the worst natural disasters, causing environmental fluctuations and ecosystem degradation. Previous studies have evaluated the macro-characteristics of vegetation recovery after earthquakes. However, the internal mechanisms driving community assembly and diversity remain poorly understood. This study was located in Longxi-Hongkou National Natural Reserve, China. We investigated the current vegetation status of typical large-scale landslides in regions with the highest intensity of earthquake damage in the area affected by the 2008 magnitude 8.0 earthquake, and studied the community assembly using phylogenetic methods. Relationships between community assembly and influencing factors were carried out using generalized linear models (GLMs) and redundancy analysis (RDA). Our findings suggested that the communities in areas of larger landslides were dominated by herbs 11 years after the earthquake and had not yet regenerated to the original community. The average net relatedness index (NRI) and nearest taxon index (NTI) of the communities were 0.293 and 0.482, respectively, which were higher than those of the null model. These results showed a clustered phylogenetic pattern and suggested that the community assembly process in the early regeneration stage after the earthquake supported the environmental filtering hypothesis. Altitude negatively impacted species diversity, NRI, NTI and phylogenetic diversity. This result suggested that the community assembly process was more dependent on abiotic regulation than biotic regulation at high altitudes after earthquakes. Species diversity, NRI, NTI and phylogenetic diversity were also impacted by landslide intensity; however, the responses to landslide intensity were not completely equivalent for landslides of varying widths and lengths. Slope aspect impacted the phylogenetic diversity of the regenerating community after the earthquake; that is, the sunny slopes had higher phylogenetic diversity than the shady slopes. Soil type, soil organic carbon, soil nitrogen, soil moisture, and soil phosphorous impacted community assembly. Collectively, This work showed evidence supporting the abiotic regulation of community assembly after earthquakes and reported the key abiotic influencing factors. It is important for a general understanding of community assembly after strong disturbances in temperate forests and beyond and can also provide a theoretical basis for ecological restoration engineering design. © 2021 Elsevier B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Community assembly; Earthquake; Environmental filtering; Limiting similarity; Niche-based hypothesis
INDEX KEYWORDS: Assembly; Biodiversity; Disasters; Ecosystems; Organic carbon; Reforestation; Soil moisture; Vegetation; Assembly process; Community assembly; Earthquake; Environmental filtering; Limiting similarity; Niche-based hypothesis; Phylogenetic diversity; Phylogenetics; Recovery process; Wenchuan Earthquake; Landslides; earthquake damage; earthquake magnitude; grassland; landslide; plant community; relatedness; China; Longxi-Hongkou Nature Reserve; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Allen, Robert B., Immediate damage by an earthquake to a temperate montane forest, Ecology, 80, 2, pp. 708-714, (1999); 
Bull Ecol Soc Am, (2001); 
Chase, Mark W., An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 181, 1, pp. 1-20, (2016); 
Butterfield, Bradley J., Temperature is better than precipitation as a predictor of plant community assembly across a dryland region, Journal of Vegetation Science, 27, 5, pp. 938-947, (2016); 
Chase, Jonathan M., Stochastic community assembly causes higher biodiversity in more productive environments, Science, 328, 5984, pp. 1388-1391, (2010); 
Cui, Peng, Destruction of vegetation due to geo-hazards and its environmental impacts in the Wenchuan earthquake areas, Ecological Engineering, 44, pp. 61-69, (2012); 
Faith, Daniel P., Conservation evaluation and phylogenetic diversity, Biological Conservation, 61, 1, pp. 1-10, (1992); 
Fargione, Joseph E., Community assembly and invasion: An experimental test of neutral versus niche processes, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 100, 15, pp. 8916-8920, (2003); 
Gan, Binrui, Temporal and Spatial Evolution of Vegetation Coverage in the Mianyuan River Basin Influenced by Strong Earthquake Disturbance, Scientific Reports, 9, 1, (2019); 
Emerson, Brent C., Phylogenetic analysis of community assembly and structure over space and time, Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 23, 11, pp. 619-630, (2008)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Miao, Z., Pu, M., He, Y., Li, K., Peng, R., Chen, S., Jiang, C., Deng, B., He, Z.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Miao, Zelang (55388064200); Pu, Minghui (57360440500); He, Yueguang (55498907000); Li, Ke (57361022800); Peng, Renfeng (57360157400); Chen, Shuai (57203314671); Jiang, Changbo (15119221300); Deng, Bin (57203765175); He, Zhibin (57360157500)
55388064200; 57360440500; 55498907000; 57361022800; 57360157400; 57203314671; 15119221300; 57203765175; 57360157500
Evaluation of Seismic Landslide Susceptibility by Integrating Statistical Learning Model and Newmark Model-A Case Study of the Wenchuan Earthquake
(2021) Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering, 19, pp. 223 - 233, Cited 1 times.
DOI: 10.3233/ATDE210171
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85120446865&doi=10.3233%2FATDE210171&partnerID=40&md5=655e52ca2ae4d06d08f8c5546447e27d

AFFILIATIONS: School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; School of Hydraulic Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China; School of Civil Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
ABSTRACT: Whether it can quickly and effectively predict the susceptibility of regional earthquake landslides to achieve rapid rescue, loss assessment and post-disaster reconstruction has always been a difficult problem. However, the traditional high-precision evaluation of seismic landslide susceptibility often relies heavily on the complete or incomplete landslide inventory, which is poor in timeliness and cannot effectively evaluate the target area before or shortly after the earthquake. In most cases, the Newmark model relies on experts' experience to select model parameters, therefore the evaluation result of this method is unstable and it lacks strong generalization ability. A fused model is proposed to classify the positive and negative training samples of the study area through the evaluation results of the Newmark model under the slope units, and it applies a variety of statistical learning models to evaluate the landslide susceptibility of the Wenchuan earthquake based on the classification results of the Newmark model. The results show that the evaluation of the statistical learning model fused with the Newmark model has higher accuracy. This method can overcome the inherent shortcomings of a single Newmark model to obtain better evaluation results without relying on obtaining the complete landslide inventory. Meanwhile, the model can be applied to quickly obtain the evaluation results of regional landslide susceptibility before or shortly after the earthquake, thereby effectively reducing human and economic losses caused by earthquake landslides. © 2021 The authors and IOS Press.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Earthquake landslide; landslide susceptibility; newmark model; slope units; statistical learning model
INDEX KEYWORDS: Earthquakes; Learning systems; Losses; Earthquake landslide; Evaluation results; Landslide susceptibility; Learning models; Newmark; Newmark model; Seismic landslides; Slope unit; Statistical learning; Statistical learning model; Landslides
REFERENCES: Huang, Runqiu, Post-earthquake landsliding and long-term impacts in the Wenchuan earthquake area, China, Engineering Geology, 182, PB, pp. 111-120, (2014); 
Reichenbach, Paola, A review of statistically-based landslide susceptibility models, Earth-Science Reviews, 180, pp. 60-91, (2018); 
Xu, Chong, Comparison of different models for susceptibility mapping of earthquake triggered landslides related with the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China, Computers and Geosciences, 46, pp. 317-329, (2012); 
Ma, Siyuan, Applicability of Two Newmark Models in the Assessment of Coseismic Landslide Hazard and Estimation of Slope-Failure Probability: An Example of the 2008 Wenchuan M w 7.9 Earthquake Affected Area, Journal of Earth Science, 30, 5, pp. 1020-1030, (2019); 
Ma, Siyuan, Assessment of co-seismic landslide hazard using the Newmark model and statistical analyses: a case study of the 2013 Lushan, China, Mw6.6 earthquake, Natural Hazards, 96, 1, pp. 389-412, (2019); 
Gallen, Sean F., Application and evaluation of a rapid response earthquake-triggered landslide model to the 25 April 2015 Mw 7.8 Gorkha earthquake, Nepal, Tectonophysics, 714-715, pp. 173-187, (2017); 
Yue, Xiliu, Risk Identification of Seismic Landslides by Joint Newmark and RockFall Analyst Models: A Case Study of Roads Affected by the Jiuzhaigou Earthquake, International Journal of Disaster Risk Science, 9, 3, pp. 392-406, (2018); 
Yi, Yaning, GIS-based earthquake-triggered-landslide susceptibility mapping with an integrated weighted index model in Jiuzhaigou region of Sichuan Province, China, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 19, 9, pp. 1973-1988, (2019); 
Xu, Chong, Application of an incomplete landslide inventory, logistic regression model and its validation for landslide susceptibility mapping related to the May 12, 2008 Wenchuan earthquake of China, Natural Hazards, 68, 2, pp. 883-900, (2013); 
Wang, Qian, Integration of information theory, K-Means cluster analysis and the logistic regression model for landslide susceptibility mapping in the three gorges area, China, Remote Sensing, 9, 9, (2017)
PUBLISHER: IOS Press BV
SPONSORS: China Communications Construction Co., Ltd., China Railway Major Bridge Engineering Group Co., Ltd (MBEC), Goethe University Frankfurt, University of Texas
CONFERENCE NAME: 6th International Technical Conference on Frontiers of Hydraulic and Civil Engineering Technology, HCET 2021
CONFERENCE DATE: 2021-08-28 through 2021-08-29
CONFERENCE LOCATION: Sanya
CONFERENCE CODE: 174461
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Liang, S., Chen, D., Li, D., Qi, Y., Zhao, Z.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Liang, Shizhengxiong (57218598520); Chen, Dong (56942656800); Li, Donghuan (57194348273); Qi, Youcun (36188558500); Zhao, Zhanfeng (56637320700)
57218598520; 56942656800; 57194348273; 36188558500; 56637320700
Spatial and temporal distribution of geologic hazards in shaanxi province
(2021) Remote Sensing, 13 (21), art. no. 4259, Cited 18 times.
DOI: 10.3390/rs13214259
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85118174290&doi=10.3390%2Frs13214259&partnerID=40&md5=166ee0c68c0d46994f89965b02db2e0a

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: The spatio-temporal distribution of geological hazards, including collapses, landslides, and debris flows, in Shaanxi province, China was studied based on data from 1951 to 2018. The potential impact factors, including the geomorphologic types, rivers, roads, rainfall, and earth-quakes, were analyzed using Random Forests. The results indicated that most hazards occurred in summer (i.e., July–September) and were triggered by rainstorms. The freeze–thaw effect had a con-siderable contribution to hazards in the north. Spatially, most hazards in the north occurred in valley terraces of the Loess Plateau, while medium-relief terrane (relief ranged from 500 to 1000 m) in the southern Qinling Mountains were hazard-prone areas. The collapses and landslides were mainly affected by human factors in Northern Shaanxi, whereas in Southern Shaanxi geomorphology was the primary factor. Permeability was a dominant factor for debris flows. In addition, the 2008 Wen-chuan earthquake had a remarkable influence on the spatial distribution of hazards. In contrast, for the situation in the Sichuan province, which was close to the earthquake epicenter, the Wenchuan earthquake triggered many collapse and landslide events in the southwest regions of Shaanxi province only on 12 May 2008. The thresholds for the three hazard types in the north and south regions were almost the same despite their distinctly different geologic characteristics. Through a sensitivity analysis, we found an appropriate dry period of 12 h for the area. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Geological hazards; Impact factors; Rainfall threshold; Shaanxi province; Spatio-temporal distribution
INDEX KEYWORDS: Debris; Decision trees; Earthquakes; Geomorphology; Landforms; Landslides; Rain; Sensitivity analysis; Storms; Collapses and landslides; Debris flows; Geologic hazards; Geological hazards; Impact factor; Potential impacts; Rainfall thresholds; Shaanxi province; Spatial and temporal distribution; Spatiotemporal distributions; Hazards
REFERENCES: Zhuang, Jianqi, Spatial distribution and susceptibility zoning of geohazards along the Silk Road, Xian-Lanzhou, Environmental Earth Sciences, 75, 8, (2016); 
Kirschbaum, Dalia Bach, Spatial and temporal analysis of a global landslide catalog, Geomorphology, 249, pp. 4-15, (2015); 
Zhang, Fanyu Yu, Trend and spatiotemporal distribution of fatal landslides triggered by non-seismic effects in China, Landslides, 15, 8, pp. 1663-1674, (2018); 
Mountain Research, (2019); 
Petley, David N., Global patterns of loss of life from landslides, Geology, 40, 10, pp. 927-930, (2012); 
Lin, Qigen, Spatial and temporal analysis of a fatal landslide inventory in China from 1950 to 2016, Landslides, 15, 12, pp. 2357-2372, (2018); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2002); 
Qiu, Haijun, Temporal patterns of nonseismically triggered landslides in Shaanxi Province, China, Catena, 187, (2020); 
Xiong, Ke, Comparison of different machine learning methods for debris flow susceptibility mapping: A case study in the Sichuan Province, China, Remote Sensing, 12, 2, (2020); 
Qiu, Haijun, The effects of slope length and slope gradient on the size distributions of loess slides: Field observations and simulations, Geomorphology, 300, pp. 69-76, (2018)
PUBLISHER: MDPI
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS; GREEN ACCEPTED OPEN ACCESS; GREEN OPEN ACCESS

Zhang, N., Mu, Q.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhang, Ni (56367373600); Mu, Qingyi (57193195389)
56367373600; 57193195389
Quantitative investigation of post-seismic debris flows considering the spatial distribution of source materials
(2021) Environmental Earth Sciences, 80 (21), art. no. 713, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s12665-021-10048-3
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85117597931&doi=10.1007%2Fs12665-021-10048-3&partnerID=40&md5=a9dd9ac84671ab867a6a1f8989b253f0

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
ABSTRACT: At a regional scale, the concurrent occurrence of multiple post-seismic debris flows has been commonly encountered due to abundant source materials, of which spatial distribution is crucial for the debris flow hazard assessment. So far, quantitative assessments of post-seismic debris flows at a regional scale are still limited, especially with the consideration of the spatial distribution of source materials. In the present study, a framework for post-seismic debris flows hazard assessment at the regional scale is proposed, considering topography, source materials and rainfall, based on the depth-integrated particle method coupled with a soil–water mixing model. In particular, the Beichuan region, where was one of the most damaged regions during the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, is chosen as a case study. The spatial distribution of source materials, which is identified based on the high-resolution imagery, is considered during the hazard assessment. Simulation results show that the delineated post-seismic debris flow map, based on the computed specific affected area, is in fairly good agreement with field investigations in the Beichuan region after the earthquake event. Regional hazard assessment shows that the destructive potential of post-seismic debris flows to the Beichuan city is amplified, comparing with that evaluated separately at a catchment scale. The enhanced destructive potential is mainly attributed to the coupling effects between multiple debris flows in terms of discharge and velocity. In addition, the magnitude and intensity of post-seismic debris flows considering the spatial distribution of source materials are computed more accurately than those only estimated by rainfall and topography. This study implies that the regional assessment framework considering the spatial distribution of source materials, topography and rainfall can provide reasonable and reliable physical–mechanical parameters in practical engineering, avoiding underestimation of hazard assessment or unreasonable prevention and mitigation strategies. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Depth-integrated particle method; Earthquake-stricken area; Post-seismic debris flow; Regional scale; Spatial distribution of source materials
INDEX KEYWORDS: Catchments; Debris; Earthquakes; Hazards; Rain; Topography; Debris flows; Depth integrated; Depth-integrated particle method; Earthquake-stricken area; Hazard Assessment; Particle methods; Post-seismic debris flow; Regional scale; Source material; Spatial distribution of source material; Spatial distribution; debris flow; hazard assessment; mixing; quantitative analysis; rainfall; soil water; spatial distribution; topography; Beichuan; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Bernard, M., The Use of Rain Gauge Measurements and Radar Data for the Model-Based Prediction of Runoff-Generated Debris-Flow Occurrence in Early Warning Systems, Water Resources Research, 57, 3, (2021); 
Bovis, Michael J., The role of debris supply conditions in predicting debris flow activity, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 24, 11, pp. 1039-1054, (1999); 
Chang, Ming, Hazard assessment of debris flows in the Wenchuan earthquake-stricken area, South West China, Landslides, 14, 5, pp. 1783-1792, (2017); 
Chen, Hongxin, A physically-based multi-hazard risk assessment platform for regional rainfall-induced slope failures and debris flows, Engineering Geology, 203, pp. 15-29, (2016); 
Chen, Ningsheng, The critical rainfall characteristics for torrents and debris flows in the Wenchuan earthquake stricken area, Journal of Mountain Science, 6, 4, pp. 362-372, (2009); 
Chigira, Masahiro, Landslides induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China, Geomorphology, 118, 3-4, pp. 225-238, (2010); 
Croissant, Thomas, Rapid post-seismic landslide evacuation boosted by dynamic river width, Nature Geoscience, 10, 9, pp. 680-684, (2017); 
Dahlquist, Maxwell P., Initiation and Runout of Post-Seismic Debris Flows: Insights From the 2015 Gorkha Earthquake, Geophysical Research Letters, 46, 16, pp. 9658-9668, (2019); 
Domènech, Guillem, Modelling the role of material depletion, grain coarsening and revegetation in debris flow occurrences after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Engineering Geology, 250, pp. 34-44, (2019); 
Fan, Ruilin, Evolution of debris flow activities in Gaojiagou Ravine during 2008–2016 after the Wenchuan earthquake, Engineering Geology, 235, pp. 1-10, (2018)
PUBLISHER: Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Yang, Z., Liu, G., Wang, L., Liu, S., Fu, X.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Yang, Zongji (24485723300); Liu, Gang (57197857405); Wang, Liyong (57213183655); Liu, Shihao (57211588439); Fu, Xiaolong (57211576388)
24485723300; 57197857405; 57213183655; 57211588439; 57211576388
Evolution of hydro-mechanical behaviours and its influence on slope stability for a post-earthquake landslide: implications for prolonged landslide activity
(2021) Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 80 (11), pp. 8803 - 8822, Cited 5 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s10064-021-02463-4
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85116371713&doi=10.1007%2Fs10064-021-02463-4&partnerID=40&md5=7017f85356399d22c2c0cd692a172fa5

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: There has been considerable research on the prolonged effects and evolution of post-earthquake landslides, as they are of significance for disaster relief and rebuilding plans in earthquake-impacted regions. There is a need to better quantify these prolonged effects and evolution based on the hydro-mechanical mechanisms of post-earthquake landslides. This study investigated the evolution of the hydro-mechanical behaviour and parameters of a single landslide by integrating experimental and theoretical analyses. Analyses were undertaken using a time series of in situ monitoring data over five hydrological years on a single landslide site in the Baisha River basin of Dujiangyan, in the Wenchuan earthquake region, China. Results indicated a linear increase in the angle of internal friction under prolonged effects, while soil cohesion decreased non-linearly, gradually approaching a lower limit. The saturated hydraulic conductivity (K<inf>s</inf>) increased, and the soil residual water content (θ<inf>r</inf>) evolution curve conformed to the Boltzmann function distribution model. The soil–water characteristic curve parameters gradually increased. Based on the hydro-mechanical parameter evolution, the spatiotemporal decay of the landslide over the next decade under extreme rainfall conditions was predicted using the rainfall slope stability models and TRIGRS. This paper proposed a mechanistic explanation for the prolonged effects of a post-earthquake landslide in response to rainfall. Furthermore, it provided a reliable theoretical basis for the early warning and prevention of such landslides. © 2021, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Hydro-mechanical parameters evolution; Post-earthquake landslide; Prolonged landslide activity; Rainfall-induced landslide; Slope structure coursing
INDEX KEYWORDS: Disaster prevention; Distribution functions; Earthquakes; Mechanisms; Rain; Soils; Time series analysis; Hydro-mechanical; Hydro-mechanical parameter evolution; Hydromechanical behaviour; Mechanical parameters; Parameter evolution; Post-earthquake landslide; Prolonged landslide activity; Rainfall induced landslides; Slope structure; Slope structure coursing; Landslides; earthquake engineering; hydromechanics; landslide; rainfall; slope stability
REFERENCES: Alvioli, Massimiliano, Parallelization of the TRIGRS model for rainfall-induced landslides using the message passing interface, Environmental Modelling and Software, 81, pp. 122-135, (2016); 
Alvioli, Massimiliano, Implications of climate change on landslide hazard in Central Italy, Science of the Total Environment, 630, pp. 1528-1543, (2018); 
Trigrs A Fortran Program for Transient Rainfall Infiltration and Grid Based Regional Slope Stability Analysis, (2002); 
Baum, Rex L., Estimating the timing and location of shallow rainfall-induced landslides using a model for transient, unsaturated infiltration, Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 115, 3, (2010); 
Bhatnagar, P. L., A model for collision processes in gases. I. Small amplitude processes in charged and neutral one-component systems, Physical Review, 94, 3, pp. 511-525, (1954); 
Cai, Huan, An Experimental Study on the Hydromechanical Behaviours of the Evolution of Postearthquake Landslide Deposits, Geofluids, 2019, (2019); 
Chang, Dongsheng, Field testing of erodibility of two landslide dams triggered by the 12 May Wenchuan earthquake, Landslides, 8, 3, pp. 321-332, (2011); 
Chen, Hongxin, Evolution of debris flow properties and physical interactions in debris-flow mixtures in the Wenchuan earthquake zone, Engineering Geology, 182, PB, pp. 136-147, (2014); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2008); 
Fan, Ruilin, Evolution of debris flow activities in Gaojiagou Ravine during 2008–2016 after the Wenchuan earthquake, Engineering Geology, 235, pp. 1-10, (2018)
PUBLISHER: Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Chen, M., Tang, C., Zhang, X., Xiong, J., Chang, M., Shi, Q., Wang, F., Li, M.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Chen, Ming (57199453005); Tang, Chuan (35932953300); Zhang, Xianzheng (57219298270); Xiong, Jiang (57217517892); Chang, Ming (36727157900); Shi, Qingyun (57217257328); Wang, Feilong (57234246200); Li, Mingwei (57222871091)
57199453005; 35932953300; 57219298270; 57217517892; 36727157900; 57217257328; 57234246200; 57222871091
Quantitative assessment of physical fragility of buildings to the debris flow on 20 August 2019 in the Cutou gully, Wenchuan, southwestern China
(2021) Engineering Geology, 293, art. no. 106319, Cited 57 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2021.106319
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85113656173&doi=10.1016%2Fj.enggeo.2021.106319&partnerID=40&md5=3379a78cf14fc612e2cc4eb911866fbd

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Catastrophic debris flows are frequently triggered by rainstorms after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and pose great threats to residential buildings and human lives in the mountainous areas. However, little effort has been devoted to studying the quantitative assessment of the physical vulnerability of buildings to debris flows in the Wenchuan earthquake-affected areas. To cope with this deficiency, this paper presented a quantitative method to assess the physical fragility of buildings related to debris flows by analyzing the debris flow activity and building damage features. First, we constructed a building database in the area affected by the Cutou debris flow and determined the degree of damage to each building. Then, the momentum flux was selected as a debris flow intensity parameter, considering the combined effect of flow velocity and flow depth. We used the FLO-2D software to reproduce the process of the debris flow that occurred on 20 August 2019 in the Cutou gully and obtained the intensity parameters of the debris flow. Finally, we proposed physical fragility curves for different types of building structures to the debris flow based on the model describing the probability of exceeding different damage states corresponding to different intensities of debris flows. In the case of brick-concrete buildings, when the momentum flux was 8 m3/s2, buildings were moderately damaged at the probability P = 1 with a 95% confidence interval, and complete damage was sustained from a momentum flux of 36 m3/s2. Masonry-wood buildings sustained complete damage from a momentum flux of 5 m3/s2. The structural resistance of buildings to debris flows in the Wenchuan earthquake-affected region can be assessed by using the proposed physical fragility functions, which provide a scientific basis for risk management and mitigation strategies. © 2021 Elsevier B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flow; Fragility curve; Probabilistic model; Quantitative assessment; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Debris; Hazards; Risk assessment; Risk management; Storms; Wooden buildings; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Debris flows; Fragility curves; Human lives; Intensity parameters; Momentum flux; Probabilistic modeling; Quantitative assessments; Residential building; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes; building; debris flow; earthquake damage; probability; quantitative analysis; Sichuan earthquake 2008; structural analysis; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Bründl, Michael, The risk concept and its application in natural hazard risk management in Switzerland, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 9, 3, pp. 801-813, (2009); 
Chang, Ming, Hazard assessment of debris flows in the Wenchuan earthquake-stricken area, South West China, Landslides, 14, 5, pp. 1783-1792, (2017); 
Chang, Ming, Hazard assessment of a catastrophic mine waste debris flow of Hou Gully, Shimian, China, Engineering Geology, 275, (2020); 
Chen, Ming, The long-term evolution of landslide activity near the epicentral area of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China, Geomorphology, 367, (2020); 
Ciurean, Roxana L., Multi-scale debris flow vulnerability assessment and direct loss estimation of buildings in the Eastern Italian Alps, Natural Hazards, 85, 2, pp. 929-957, (2017); 
de Haas, Tjalling, Avulsions and the spatio-temporal evolution of debris-flow fans, Earth-Science Reviews, 177, pp. 53-75, (2018); 
Ding, Yanling, Quantifying the impact of NDVIsoil determination methods and NDVIsoil variability on the estimation of fractional vegetation cover in Northeast China, Remote Sensing, 8, 1, (2016); 
Dowling, Casey A., Debris flows and their toll on human life: A global analysis of debris-flow fatalities from 1950 to 2011, Natural Hazards, 71, 1, pp. 203-227, (2014); 
Eidsvig, Unni Marie K., Quantification of model uncertainty in debris flow vulnerability assessment, Engineering Geology, 181, pp. 15-26, (2014); 
Fan, Xuanmei, What we have learned from the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake and its aftermath: A decade of research and challenges, Engineering Geology, 241, pp. 25-32, (2018)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Ding, M., Yang, G., Gao, Z., Huang, T.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Ding, Mingtao (55421086000); Yang, Guohui (57218169617); Gao, Zemin (57219269884); Huang, Tao (57037451200)
55421086000; 57218169617; 57219269884; 57037451200
Analysis of material supply characteristics of debris flow based on land use types in the upper Min River, China
(2021) IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 861 (5), art. no. 052017, Cited 1 times.
DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/861/5/052017
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85118883332&doi=10.1088%2F1755-1315%2F861%2F5%2F052017&partnerID=40&md5=92ee299a4142ffa59909021929b45043

AFFILIATIONS: Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Land-use type is a natural choice of human social and economic activities. This study investigates the typical debris flow gullies of the upper Min River and analyses the supply characteristics and activity of its material sources under various land-use types using multi-stage remote sensing images data and geographic information system software. The results demonstrate the following: (1) the land-use type does not restrict the loose material source of debris flow near the fault zone; (2) the degree of cultivated land, forest (grass) land, bare land, and urban and rural construction land promote debris flow disaster formation in different channels far from the fault zone; (3) the gully exhibits significant influence on human engineering activities, and there are more loose material sources between the bare land and urban and rural construction land; (4) more loose material sources are observed in forest (grass) land and cultivated land in debris flow channels with vegetation development. In summary, before the Wenchuan earthquake, the debris flow source centroid is far from the debris flow channel, but after the earthquake, the debris flow material source centroid is near the debris flow channel. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.
REFERENCES: Collison, Andrew J.C., Using a combined slope hydrology/stability model to identify suitable conditions for landslide prevention by vegetation in the humid tropics, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 21, 8, pp. 737-747, (1996); 
Cheng, Jack D., Hydrometeorological and landuse attributes of debris flows and debris floods during typhoon Toraji, July 29-30, 2001 in central Taiwan, Journal of Hydrology, 306, 1-4, pp. 161-173, (2005); 
Cannon, Susan H., Debris-flow generation from recently burned watersheds, Environmental and Engineering Geoscience, 7, 4, pp. 321-341, (2001); 
Pabst, Robert J., Ten years of vegetation succession on a debris-flow deposit in Oregon, Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 37, 6, pp. 1693-1708, (2001); 
Sorg, Annina, Debris-flow activity along a torrent in the Swiss Alps: Minimum frequency of events and implications for forest dynamics, Dendrochronologia, 28, 4, pp. 215-223, (2010); 
Bollschweiler, Michelle, Dynamics in debris-flow activity on a forested cone - A case study using different dendroecological approaches, Catena, 72, 1, pp. 67-78, (2008); 
Geological Environment Analysis and Application Research for Land Use Planning, (2008); 
Ding, Mingtao, Author Correction: Respective influence of vertical mountain differentiation on debris flow occurrence in the Upper Min River, China (Scientific Reports, (2020), 10, 1, (11689), 10.1038/s41598-020-68590-2), Scientific Reports, 10, 1, (2020); 
Ding, Mingtao, Response analysis of valley settlements to the evolution of debris flow fans under different topographic conditions: a case study of the upper reaches of Min River, China, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 79, 3, pp. 1639-1650, (2020); 
Gao, Zemin, Geohazard vulnerability assessment in Qiaojia seismic zones, SW China, International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 52, (2021)
PUBLISHER: IOP Publishing Ltd
CONFERENCE NAME: 11th Conference of Asian Rock Mechanics Society, ARMS 2021
CONFERENCE DATE: 2021-10-21 through 2021-10-25
CONFERENCE LOCATION: Beijing
CONFERENCE CODE: 173382
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Liu, J., Li, C., Ma, C., Li, Q.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Liu, Jingjing (55963771200); Li, Chunyu (57329310200); Ma, Chun (57329698000); Li, Qimin (57329515600)
55963771200; 57329310200; 57329698000; 57329515600
Depositional morphology of debris flow in the junction with mainstream channel
(2021) IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 861 (6), art. no. 062044, Cited 1 times.
DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/861/6/062044
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85118849480&doi=10.1088%2F1755-1315%2F861%2F6%2F062044&partnerID=40&md5=19327c257ff7f0b07adb3ea501dae1ca

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Debris flow carries a large amount of sediment into the main river quickly, which causes river-blocking or diversion and leads to considerable losses in alpine regions. The research on the deposition characteristics of debris flow at the confluence with the mainstream channel is significant to understanding the riverbed evolution. However, the deposition mechanisms and morphology of debris flow at the confluence with the mainstream channel are not clear. This paper analyzes 80 debris flow cases at the Minjiang basin confluence in the Wenchuan earthquake area according to this phenomenon. It is found that the frequency of debris flows increases sharply after the earthquake. Moreover, the debris flow has the characteristics of sudden and mass occurrence. The deposition morphology of debris flow is also discussed with satellite images. Compared with the surface debris flow, the depositional fan at the confluence is mainly diffused along the flow direction of the main river and often presents an asymmetric broom shape because of the erosion of the main river. The relationship between the possibility of river-blocking and the properties of debris flows is also discussed. Results reveal that the river-blocking is closely related to the discharge and topography of the confluence. Furthermore, debris flow with high discharge (>200 m3/s), large density (>1.8 t/m3), and high velocity (>10 m3/s) easily trigger river-blocking. On this basis, a dimensionless parameter representing the characteristics of debris flow and mainstream hydrodynamic conditions is established, which can be used to measure the characteristics of regional river-blocking. Thus, the discriminant formula of the runout distance and the deposition morphology of debris flows are obtained. This paper studies the interaction between mainstream and debris flow and provides scientific methods for preventing and treating debris flow. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.
REFERENCES: Iverson, Richard M., Positive feedback and momentum growth during debris-flow entrainment of wet bed sediment, Nature Geoscience, 4, 2, pp. 116-121, (2011); 
Kean, Jason W., Estimating rates of debris flow entrainment from ground vibrations, Geophysical Research Letters, 42, 15, pp. 6365-6372, (2015); 
Stancanelli, Laura Maria, Propagation and deposition of stony debris flows at channel confluences, Water Resources Research, 51, 7, pp. 5100-5116, (2015); 
Wang, Huanling, Research progress on the evolution and utilization of the barrier dam accumulations, Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control, 32, 1, pp. 84-94, (2021); 
Kasai, Mio, Channel bed adjustments following major aggradation in a steep headwater setting: Findings from Oyabu Creek, Kyushu, Japan, Geomorphology, 62, 3-4, pp. 199-215, (2004); 
Koi, Takashi, Prolonged impact of earthquake-induced landslides on sediment yield in a mountain watershed: The Tanzawa region, Japan, Geomorphology, 101, 4, pp. 692-702, (2008); 
Dang, Chao, The formation and failure of debris flow-dams, background, key factors and model tests: Case studies from China, Environmental Geology, 57, 8, pp. 1901-1910, (2009); 
Ge, Yonggang, Case history of the disastrous debris flows of Tianmo Watershed in Bomi County, Tibet, China: Some mitigation suggestions, Journal of Mountain Science, 11, 5, pp. 1253-1265, (2014); 
Journal of Sediment Research, (1995); 
China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, (2000)
PUBLISHER: IOP Publishing Ltd
CONFERENCE NAME: 11th Conference of Asian Rock Mechanics Society, ARMS 2021
CONFERENCE DATE: 2021-10-21 through 2021-10-25
CONFERENCE LOCATION: Beijing
CONFERENCE CODE: 173382
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Cui, S., Pei, X., Shi, X., Fan, X., Yang, Q., Wang, H.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Cui, Shenghua (56660242900); Pei, Xiangjun (14058672500); Shi, Xingxing (57221554409); Fan, Xuanmei (12752112800); Yang, Qingwen (57192083411); Wang, Hui (57221309102)
56660242900; 14058672500; 57221554409; 12752112800; 57192083411; 57221309102
Excess Pore Water Pressure within a Deep-seated Bedding Fault: Understanding of Earthquake Induced Large Landslide Initiation
(2021) IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 861 (5), art. no. 052027, Cited 1 times.
DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/861/5/052027
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85118845387&doi=10.1088%2F1755-1315%2F861%2F5%2F052027&partnerID=40&md5=af89531d948c89652d77f1c0dc71ccfa

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: The 2008 Wenchuan Ms8.0 earthquake triggered a landslide (i.e., Daguangbao landslide) with a volume of near 1.2 billion m3. This landslide involved the Paleozoic carbonate strata and the geological background of the sliding zone is a pre-existing bedding fault with a maximum thickness of 5 m and depth of 400 m in the slope. The bedding fault was the groundwater channel in the slope with saturated rock mass, according to the latest survey. To reveal the initiation mechanism of Daguangbao landslide (hereinafter short for DGB landslide) related to groundwater, a kind of simplified model of hard carbonate rock-cut slope with weak layer has been proposed to generalize bedding fault to weak layer in hard carbonate rock layer. And response characteristics of the model have been simulated by fluid-solid coupling algorithm in the FLAC3D program. The results showed that the hard carbonate rocks above and below the weak layer were different in deformation during strong earthquake, which led to the dynamic behavior of vibratory stamping-tension to the weak layer. And then, the discordant deformation of the two layers resulted in the excess pore water pressure featured with instant amplification and cumulative growth in the saturated water weak layer. So it was inferred that the rapid drop of inside effective stress caused by excess pore water pressure in the weak layer during strong earthquake would give rise to the sudden shearing of stress in the front locked segment of the slope after rapid stress concentration, and consequently trigger the DGB landslide. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Daguangbao landslide; excess pore water pressure FLAC3D; groundwater; Wenchuan earthquake
REFERENCES: FLAC Flac3d Foundation and Engineering Examples M, (2008); 
Seismic Responses of Wake Interlayer and Initiation Mechanisms of Large Landslide During Strong Earthquake, (2017); 
Cui, Shenghua, An initiation model of DGB landslide: non-coordinated deformation inducing rock damage in sliding zone during strong seismic shaking, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 38, 2, pp. 237-253, (2019); 
Cui, Shenghua, Discontinuities and Engineering Geological Significances of Strong Earthquake-Induced Daguangbao Landslide, Xinan Jiaotong Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University, 54, 1, pp. 61-72, (2019); 
Cui, Shenghua, Geological and morphological study of the Daguangbao landslide triggered by the Ms. 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Geomorphology, 370, (2020); 
Cui, Shenghua, Excess interstitial water pressure within sliding zone induced by strong seismic shaking: An initiation model of the Daguangbao landslide, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 39, 3, pp. 522-539, (2020); 
Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011); 
Fan, Xuanmei, Study on genetic mechanism of translational landslide, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 27, SUPPL. 2, pp. 3753-3759, (2008); 
Fan, Haotian, Sliding failure mechanism of bedding rock slope with weak intercalated layer based on discrete element method, Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control, 30, 3, pp. 12-30, (2019); 
Gao, Yang, Dynamics process simulation of long run-out catastrophic landfill flowslide on December 20th ,2015 in Shenzhen, China, Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, 46, 1, pp. 129-147, (2019)
PUBLISHER: IOP Publishing Ltd
CONFERENCE NAME: 11th Conference of Asian Rock Mechanics Society, ARMS 2021
CONFERENCE DATE: 2021-10-21 through 2021-10-25
CONFERENCE LOCATION: Beijing
CONFERENCE CODE: 173382
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Cui, S., Yang, Q., Pei, X.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Cui, Shenghua (56660242900); Yang, Qingwen (57192083411); Pei, Xiangjun (14058672500)
56660242900; 57192083411; 14058672500
Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the Wenchuan Ms 8.0 earthquake near the epicenter
(2021) IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 861 (6), art. no. 062003, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/861/6/062003
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85118836875&doi=10.1088%2F1755-1315%2F861%2F6%2F062003&partnerID=40&md5=106b3f86deff3b6234e4a098e935f346

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
ABSTRACT: The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake (Ms = 8.0) occurred in Sichuan, China, and triggered many landslides that were more concentrated near the epicenter. A watershed of Min River of length 80 km and an area of approximately 2100 km2 was chosen in this study to assess the spatial distribution of the co-seismic landslides. Both the widely used indexes, including co-seismic landslides number (LN) and landslide concentration (LC), and two new indexes, slope pixel percentages (SPP) and landslide pixel percentages (LPP), are used to make correlation analysis with topographical factors. The SPP is defined as the pixel percentage of topographic factors related to the entire study area on pre-earthquake digital elevation model. The difference between the SPP and LPP is that the latter is only considered in the area where co-seismic landslides occur. The main results of this study are: (1) The distance from surface rupture (rf) leads to a better correlation with LC; (2) greater than one twice of the landslides that occur on the west side of the Min River line; (3) the distribution of the landslides in our study area shows a larger average distance to fault rupture comparing to the average value in the total Wenchuan earthquake; (4) the most remarkable correlation found is with the topographic aspects and the fault thrusting direction. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: causative fault; Co-seismic landslide; landslide inventory; topography; Wenchuan earthquake
REFERENCES: Bolt, Bruce A., 59 Estimation of strong seismic ground motions, International Geophysics, 81, PART B, pp. 983-1001, (2003); 
Budimir, M. E.A., Seismically induced landslide hazard and exposure modelling in Southern California based on the 1994 Northridge, California earthquake event, Landslides, 12, 5, pp. 895-910, (2015); 
Burchfiel, B. Clark, A geological and geophysical context for the Wenchuan earthquake of 12 May 2008, Sichuan, People's Republic of China, GSA Today, 18, 7, pp. 4-11, (2008); 
Chen, Xiaoli, Evaluation of factors controlling large earthquake-induced landslides by the Wenchuan earthquake, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 12, 12, pp. 3645-3657, (2012); 
Chigira, Masahiro, Landslides induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China, Geomorphology, 118, 3-4, pp. 225-238, (2010); 
Chioccarelli, Eugenio, Near-source seismic demand and pulse-like records: A discussion for L'Aquila earthquake, Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 39, 9, pp. 1039-1062, (2010); 
Cui, Shenghua, Effects of geological and tectonic characteristics on the earthquake-triggered Daguangbao landslide, China, Landslides, 15, 4, pp. 649-667, (2018); 
Cui, Shenghua, On the initiation and movement mechanisms of a catastrophic landslide triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan (Ms 8.0) earthquake in the epicenter area, Landslides, 14, 3, pp. 805-819, (2017); 
Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011); 
Dunham, Eric M., Attenuation of radiated ground motion and stresses from three-dimensional supershear ruptures, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 113, 8, (2008)
PUBLISHER: IOP Publishing Ltd
CONFERENCE NAME: 11th Conference of Asian Rock Mechanics Society, ARMS 2021
CONFERENCE DATE: 2021-10-21 through 2021-10-25
CONFERENCE LOCATION: Beijing
CONFERENCE CODE: 173382
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Bai, X., Nie, G.-Z., Ye, L.-Y., Dai, Y., Yu, Q.-K.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Bai, Xianfu (56720696400); Nie, Gaozhong (8728895400); Ye, Liaoyuan (55969585900); Dai, Yuqian (56510762300); Yu, Qing Kun (57360225800)
56720696400; 8728895400; 55969585900; 56510762300; 57360225800
A method for rapid assessment of death toll from earthquake-induced landslide based on GIS and the logistic model 基于GIS和logistic模型的地震滑坡致死人数快速评估方法
(2021) Dizhen Dizhi, 43 (5), pp. 1250 - 1268, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2021.05.013
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85120495072&doi=10.3969%2Fj.issn.0253-4967.2021.05.013&partnerID=40&md5=f170480c648276c916cf43cea9f2946b

AFFILIATIONS: Faculty of Geography, Yunnan Normal University, Chenggong, Yunnan, China; Yunnan Earthquake Agency, Kunming, Yunnan, China; China Earthquake Administration, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: The scientific assessment is one of the cornerstones for improving the earthquake disaster loss assessment system and the accuracy of the assessment of casualties caused by seismogeological hazards. However, this question has long been plaguing scientists engaged in the earthquake disaster risk assessment. So far there is no better solution yet. To solve this problem, the authors develop a new method for rapid assessment of the death toll caused by the earthquake-induced landslide based on GIS techniques and the logistic regression model. The method mainly consists of three procedures: 1)On GIS platform, the study area is divided into 1km×1km grid cells, and the number of the people in each cell is assigned to the cell as its population attribute; 2)based on the cell's earthquake risk attribute, the landslide death rate in each cell is calculated by using the logistic regression model, and 3)by adding the death number in each cell, the total death toll in the study area are got. To test our new model, we select four earthquake events for case study: the 2014 Ludian, Yunnan M<inf>S</inf>6.5 earthquake; the 2008 Wenchuan, Sichuan M<inf>S</inf>8.0 earthquake, and the 2012 Yiliang, Yunnan M<inf>S</inf>5.6 & 5.7 double earthquakes. Here, the Ludian earthquake case is for testing the effectiveness of our new model. The other two cases serve for testing the practicability of our model for the future earthquake disasters in other places in China. Our logistic model of the landslide death-rate in the kilometer grid shows that the absolute values of the coefficients of the 2 impact factors are relatively large. These 2 factors, which indicate respectively the highest landslide-hazard grade and the lowest one, are playing critical roles in deciding the death toll from earthquake-induced landslide. In each kilometer grid, when the impact factors of the landslide-hazard grade are 5, 4, and 3, their corresponding coefficients are respectively 0.04077, 0.03130, and 0.01365. If the number of the sub-grids corresponding to these 3 impact factors rise, the death rate will accordingly rise. The more the sub-grids with high impact factors, the higher the death-rate will be. When the impact factors of the landslide-hazard grade are 2 and 1, their corresponding coefficients are respectively -0.01666 and -0.09652. If the number of the sub-grids corresponding to these 2 impact factors rise, the death rate will accordingly fall. The more the sub-grids with low impact factors, the lower the death-rate will be. For the Ludian earthquake, we estimate 233 deaths according to our model, with an error rate of 6.80%compared with 250 dead and missing people in reality, and Kappa coefficient is 0.912, indicating the feasibility of our model. In the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake event, a total of about 20000 people died and went missing due to earthquake-induced landslides, while our evaluation is 18732, with an error rate about 6.5%. For the Yiliang double earthquake event, we get 48 deaths by our model, 11 less than the actual number. The error rate is 18.64%, and Kappa coefficient is 0.899. The results suggest that on the premise of the allowable error, our method is practical and can be applied to assessing the landslide death toll for other earthquake events in future. © 2021, Editorial Office of Seismology and Geology. All right reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Death toll; Earthquake-induced landslides; Evaluation model; One-square-kilometer grid
INDEX KEYWORDS: Cells; Disasters; Earthquakes; Hazards; Landslides; Population statistics; Death rates; Death tolls; Earthquake events; Earthquake-induced landslides; Error rate; Evaluation models; Impact factor; Landslide hazard; One-square-kilometer grid; Sub-grids; Risk assessment; disaster; earthquake; GIS; landslide; logistics; regression; solution; China; Ludian; Sichuan; Wenchuan; Yiliang; Yunnan
REFERENCES: An, Jiwen, Earthquake disaster rapid assessment for emergency response supported by high-precision data of hazard bearing body, Dizhen Dizhi, 37, 4, pp. 1225-1241, (2015); 
Earthquake Research in China, (2014); 
Journal of Seismological Research, (2015); 
Key Technology and Information Service for Earthquake Emergency of Yunnan Province, (2018); 
Acta Petrologica Sinica, (2011); 
Technology for Earthquake Disaster Prevention, (2012); 
Technology for Earthquake Disaster Prevention, (2019); 
Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, (2014); 
A Study on Earthquake Emergency Radiation Capacity, (2021); 
Regional Risk Assessment of Earthquake Induced Geological Disasters in China M, (2011)
PUBLISHER: State Seismology Administration
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Dai, L., Scaringi, G., Fan, X., Ali, A.P., Liu-Zeng, J., Xu, Q., Huang, R.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Dai, Lanxin (57196005924); Scaringi, Gianvito (56335047900); Fan, Xuanmei (12752112800); Ali, P. Yunus (56600185700); Liu-Zeng, Jing (55994333900); Xu, Qiang (56506033600); Huang, Runqiu (55835407700)
57196005924; 56335047900; 12752112800; 56600185700; 55994333900; 56506033600; 55835407700
Coseismic Debris Remains in the Orogen Despite a Decade of Enhanced Landsliding
(2021) Geophysical Research Letters, 48 (19), art. no. e2021GL095850, Cited 34 times.
DOI: 10.1029/2021GL095850
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85116737038&doi=10.1029%2F2021GL095850&partnerID=40&md5=954825416a35d97a9c5081742783d535

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Engineering Geology and Applied Geophysics, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
ABSTRACT: Major earthquakes in steep orogens can trigger extensive landsliding. Most of the landslide bodies come to rest high on the slopes, but subsequent rainfalls can easily remobilize them. Sharp peaks in landslide rates are systematically observed after major earthquakes, followed by rapid decays to background levels in just several years. Yet, the migration of coseismic debris into tributary channels and rivers remains poorly understood. We collected 12 years of observations of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake's epicentral region in China and evaluated that debris flows and fluvial transport could only evacuate a small portion of coseismic debris, while over 70% of it had stabilized on the hillslopes. Coseismic debris may remain in the orogen for a long time, but estimates based on initial landslide abundance and sediment export are hampered by uncertainties in the debris fate throughout the earthquake cycle. © 2021. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: debris flow; earthquake-induced landslide; landslide inventory; sediment transfer; slope healing; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Earthquakes; Landslides; Uncertainty analysis; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Background level; Debris flows; Earthquake-induced landslides; Landslide inventories; Landsliding; Orogens; Sediment transfers; Slope healing; Wenchuan Earthquake; Debris; coseismic process; debris flow; detection method; earthquake epicenter; earthquake event; earthquake trigger; landslide; sediment; tributary; trigger mechanism; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Benda, Lee E., Stochastic forcing of sediment supply to channel networks from landsliding and debris flow, Water Resources Research, 33, 12, pp. 2849-2863, (1997); 
Croissant, Thomas, Pulsed carbon export from mountains by earthquake-Triggered landslides explored in a reduced-complexity model, Earth Surface Dynamics, 9, 4, pp. 823-844, (2021); 
Croissant, Thomas, Seismic cycles, earthquakes, landslides and sediment fluxes: Linking tectonics to surface processes using a reduced-complexity model, Geomorphology, 339, pp. 87-103, (2019); 
Dadson, Simon J., Earthquake-triggered increase in sediment delivery from an active mountain belt, Geology, 32, 8, pp. 733-736, (2004); 
Dahlquist, Maxwell P., Initiation and Runout of Post-Seismic Debris Flows: Insights From the 2015 Gorkha Earthquake, Geophysical Research Letters, 46, 16, pp. 9658-9668, (2019); 
Ding, Hairong, Increased sediment discharge driven by heavy rainfall after Wenchuan earthquake: A case study in the upper reaches of the Min River, Sichuan, China, Quaternary International, 333, pp. 122-129, (2014); 
Domènech, Guillem, Modelling the role of material depletion, grain coarsening and revegetation in debris flow occurrences after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Engineering Geology, 250, pp. 34-44, (2019); 
Zenodo, (2018); 
Fan, Xuanmei, Spatio-temporal evolution of mass wasting after the 2008 Mw 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake revealed by a detailed multi-temporal inventory, Landslides, 15, 12, pp. 2325-2341, (2018); 
Fan, Xuanmei, Two multi-temporal datasets that track the enhanced landsliding after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Earth System Science Data, 11, 1, pp. 35-55, (2019)
PUBLISHER: John Wiley and Sons Inc
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Jin, J., Yu, Y., Zhang, Z.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Jin, Cheng (58078867300); Yu, Kai (58079627900); Zhang, Ke (58079883100)
58078867300; 58079627900; 58079883100
Evaluation of MODIS-based Vegetation Restoration after the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake
(2021) E3S Web of Conferences, 308, art. no. 02005, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.1051/e3sconf/202130802005
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85146879504&doi=10.1051%2Fe3sconf%2F202130802005&partnerID=40&md5=6189599b28114877b6e5a42892b58da0

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Geography, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada; College of Science and Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom; School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
ABSTRACT: Mountainous vegetation recovery after major earthquakes has been significant for preventing postseismic soil erosion and geo-hazards. Magnitude 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake struck western Sichuan, China in 2008, caused salient number of geological hazards and caused major vegetation damage. This recovery process could be a very long and fluctuating. And Remote sensing has been an important method of vegetation restoration monitoring. This study aims to use remote sensing technology data to analyze the post-seismic vegetation damage and recovery situation of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake over years to 2020, and find the relevant factors affecting the restoration of ecological vegetation. This paper examined the vegetation recovery processes following the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake using 16-day interval MODIS normalized difference vegetation index time series from 2000 to 2020. It has been found that the vegetation recovery rate generally increased by years, the entire study area has recovered 49.89% by 2020. In addition, by combining remote sensing imagery and geographic information data, we also found that the heavily affected vegetation areas are mainly located along the southern part of the earthquake surface rupture, where have a very high slope which mainly over 60 degrees. It makes this part having higher probabilities to experiences secondary natural hazards and a fluctuating vegetation recovery rate. Through this research, it can be concluded that remote sensing is an effective method for monitoring vegetation dynamics in a long series. For soil and soil retention and ecological vegetation protection of landslides after the earthquake, it should be more concerned about the areas where have steep slope that over 60 degrees. © 2021 EDP Sciences. All rights reserved.
REFERENCES: Remote Sensing of Environment; 
Jiang, Weiguo, Evaluating the vegetation recovery in the damage area of Wenchuan earthquake using MODIS data, Remote Sensing, 7, 7, pp. 8757-8778, (2015); 
Wang, Ming, Diagnosis of vegetation recovery in mountainous regions after the wenchuan earthquake, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, 7, 7, pp. 3029-3037, (2014); 
M8 0 Wenchuan Earthquake, (2010); 
Vegetation Indices 16 Day L3 Global 250m; 
Yang, Ming Der, Post-earthquake spatio-temporal landslide analysis of Huisun Experimental Forest Station, Terrestrial, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, 30, 4, pp. 493-508, (2019); 
Jou Jou Using Multi Date Spot 1 2 and 4 Images Remote Sensing; 
Jiao, Quanjun, Assessment of spatio-temporal variations in vegetation recovery after the Wenchuan earthquake using Landsat data, Natural Hazards, 70, 2, pp. 1309-1326, (2014); 
Lin, Wentzu, Vegetation recovery monitoring and assessment at landslides caused by earthquake in Central Taiwan, Forest Ecology and Management, 210, 1-3, pp. 55-66, (2005); 
Cui Peng Spatial Temporal Process and Characteristics of Vegetation Recovery After Wenchuan Earthquake A Case Study in Longxi River Basin of Dujiangyan
PUBLISHER: EDP Sciences
CONFERENCE NAME: 6th International Conference on Materials Science, Energy Technology and Environmental Engineering, MSETEE 2021
CONFERENCE DATE: 2021-08-13 through 2021-08-15
CONFERENCE LOCATION: Hangzhou
CONFERENCE CODE: 185517
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Xie, S.-L., Sun, Y.-J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Xie, Shiliang (57287514300); Sun, Yujun (55509023000)
57287514300; 55509023000
The Co-seismic and Post-seismic Deformation and Stress of Wenchuan Earthquake in 2008 and Their Influence on the Songpinggou Geohazards 2008年汶川大地震同震, 震后形变和应力及对松坪沟地质灾害的影响
(2021) Acta Geoscientica Sinica, 42 (5), pp. 691 - 700, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.3975/cagsb.2021.010401
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85116570512&doi=10.3975%2Fcagsb.2021.010401&partnerID=40&md5=38c092d335a45b91df27dc0208a00a8f

AFFILIATIONS: SinoProbe Center, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: In 2017, the Xinmo landslide in Songpinggou, Maoxian County, Sichuan Province, caused serious casualties. In addition to analyzing factors such as rainfall and engineering geology, previous researchers have proposed that the earthquakes also played an important role in the formation of Xinmo landslides. However, there is still a lack of detailed quantitative analysis. In this study, based on the crustal structure and GPS observations in the Longmen Shan area and combined with the co-seismic rupture model of Wenchuan earthquake obtained by USGS, the authors calculated the co-seismic and post-seismic deformation and stress caused by the Wenchuan earthquake by using a viscoelastic layered semi-infinite space model (PSGRN/PSCMP program). The deformation and stress in Songpinggou were analyzed in detail. The results show that the co-seismic rupture of Wenchuan earthquake caused significant surface displacement in Songpinggou area, and the post-seismic deformation continued to strengthen in this area due to the viscoelastic relaxation effect. The eastward and northward displacements caused by the co-seismic rupture of Wenchuan earthquake in Songpinggou area were 26.8~42.3 cm and 7.4~8.0 cm respectively. This area is in the transition zone of vertical displacement rising or descending, with a change of -0.1~1.7 cm. 9 years after the earthquake, on the basis of the co-seismic results, the eastward displacement continued to increase by about 2.5 cm, and the northward displacement increased by 7.4~8.0 cm. The northwestern section of Songpinggou was in the vertical displacement upward zone, while the southeastern section was in the vertical displacement downward zone. The post-seismic deformation caused the average topographic gradient to increase, which has been conducive to the the occurrence of landslide disaster. In view of the uncertain pattern of Songpinggou fault slipping, the coulomb stress changes caused by the Wenchuan earthquake will have different effects on its seismicity. © 2021, Science Press. All right reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Coulomb stress; Longmen Shan; Post-seismic deformation; Wenchuan earthquake; Xinmo landslide
REFERENCES: Albano, Matteo, Gravity-driven postseismic deformation following the Mw 6.3 2009 L'Aquila (Italy) earthquake, Scientific Reports, 5, (2015); 
Journal of Geological Hazards and Environment Preservation, (1995); 
Diao, Faqi, Fault behavior and lower crustal rheology inferred from the first seven years of postseismic GPS data after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 495, pp. 202-212, (2018); 
Science in China Series D, (2008); 
Guo, Biao, Teleseismic P-wave tomography of the crust and upper mantle in Longmenshan area, west Sichuan, Acta Geophysica Sinica, 52, 2, pp. 346-355, (2009); 
Mountain Research, (2017); 
Huang, Runqiu, Geodynamical process and stability control of high rock slope development, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 27, 8, pp. 1525-1544, (2008); 
Ren, Junjie, Surface rupture of the 1933 M 7.5 Diexi earthquake in eastern Tibet: Implications for seismogenic tectonics, Geophysical Journal International, 212, 3, pp. 1627-1644, (2018); 
Koons, Peter Ortquist, Three-dimensional critical wedges: tectonics and topography in oblique collisional orogens, Journal of Geophysical Research, 99, B6, pp. 12-315, (1994); 
Lacroix, Pascal, Coseismic and postseismic motion of a landslide: Observations, modeling, and analogy with tectonic faults, Geophysical Research Letters, 41, 19, pp. 6676-6680, (2014)
PUBLISHER: Science Press
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Hu, X., Zhou, L., Liu, W., Wang, H., Cui, L.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Hu, Xudong (57204681802); Zhou, Liqin (57210133880); Liu, Weiming (36468680600); Wang, Hao (57200984649); Cui, Lei (57265347800)
57204681802; 57210133880; 36468680600; 57200984649; 57265347800
Geomorphic effect of debris-flow sediments on the Min River, Wenchuan Earthquake region, western China
(2021) Journal of Mountain Science, 18 (9), pp. 2427 - 2440, Cited 11 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11629-021-6816-1
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85115247472&doi=10.1007%2Fs11629-021-6816-1&partnerID=40&md5=7ecdb68fbf61a606a3e9dff7867cce49

AFFILIATIONS: College of Civil Engineering & Architecture, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China; Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; China Renewable Energy Engineering Institute, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Coseismic landslides and subsequent mobilization of sediment greatly aggravated the landscape evolution and river sedimentation after the Wenchuan earthquake. The debris-flow alluvial fan and river morphological index was combined to describe quantitatively the effects of debris-flow sediment on the river characteristics in Longmen Mountains. The section of the Min River from the urban area of the Wenchuan county to the epicenter, the Yingxiu town in this county, was selected as the study area. We identified 27 river-blocking debris-flows (5 partial-, 7 semi-, 7 over semi-, and 5 fully-blocking degrees) in the study area via remote sensing interpretation and field survey. Based on this, the response of river longitudinal profile and curvature to debris-flow sediment was qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed. The results show that the channel gradient has decreased due to debris-flow aggradation, while two marked peaks in the river steepness index (k<inf>sn</inf>, represents the relative steepness degree of the channel) changed from 585 m0.9 to 732 m0.9 in zone 1, from 362 m0.9 to 513 m0.9 in zone 2. Moreover, the main channel has undergone substantial lateral migration with channel width decreased and river curvature increased. The temporal and spatial variation between river morphological characteristics and debris-flow sediments in short-term provides insights into the internal dynamic role of mass wasting processes in river morphology, which could be served as useful information for natural hazards management to prevent the river from being blocked by episodically debris flows after the earthquake. © 2021, Science Press, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, CAS and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris-flow sediment; Longitudinal profile; Min River; River curvature; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: aggradation; alluvial fan; debris flow; fluvial deposit; fluvial geomorphology; landscape evolution; Sichuan earthquake 2008; urban area; China; Min River [Sichuan]; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Awang Ali, Awang Nasrizal, Environmental Degradation: A Review on the Potential Impact of River Morphology, MATEC Web of Conferences, 103, (2017); 
Synthetic Aperture Radar Data, (2020); 
Beeson, Helen W., Geometric disequilibrium of river basins produces long-lived transient landscapes, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 475, pp. 34-43, (2017); 
Benda, Lee E., Debris flows as agents of morphological heterogeneity at low-order confluences, Olympic Mountains, Washington, Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 115, 9, pp. 1110-1121, (2003); 
Berti, Matteo, Prediction of debris flow inundation areas using empirical mobility relationships, Geomorphology, 90, 1-2, pp. 144-161, (2007); 
Burbank, Douglas W., Rates of erosion and their implications for exhumation, Mineralogical Magazine, 66, 1, pp. 25-52, (2002); 
Chang, Ming, Hazard assessment of debris flows in the Wenchuan earthquake-stricken area, South West China, Landslides, 14, 5, pp. 1783-1792, (2017); 
Cui, Peng, The Wenchuan Earthquake (May 12, 2008), Sichuan Province, China, and resulting geohazards, Natural Hazards, 56, 1, pp. 19-36, (2011); 
Domènech, Guillem, Modelling the role of material depletion, grain coarsening and revegetation in debris flow occurrences after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Engineering Geology, 250, pp. 34-44, (2019); 
Fan, Xuanmei, What we have learned from the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake and its aftermath: A decade of research and challenges, Engineering Geology, 241, pp. 25-32, (2018)
PUBLISHER: Science Press
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Li, Y., Cui, P., Ye, C., Marcato Júnior, J., Zhang, Z., Guo, J., Li, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Li, Yao (57196300117); Cui, Peng (56706923500); Ye, Chengming (23013109600); Marcato Júnior, José (55640064500); Zhang, Zhengtao (57193609191); Guo, Jian (57201434267); Li, Jonathan M. (57235557700)
57196300117; 56706923500; 23013109600; 55640064500; 57193609191; 57201434267; 57235557700
Accurate prediction of earthquake-induced landslides based on deep learning considering landslide source area
(2021) Remote Sensing, 13 (17), art. no. 3436, Cited 28 times.
DOI: 10.3390/rs13173436
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85114093095&doi=10.3390%2Frs13173436&partnerID=40&md5=42c396736795fd2ba48c452b4caec8c0

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Architecture and Urbanism and Geography, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil; Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; Department of Geological Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Department of Geography and Environmental Management, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
ABSTRACT: An earthquake-induced landslide (EQIL) is a rapidly changing process occurring at the Earth’s surface that is strongly controlled by the earthquake in question and predisposing conditions. Predicting locations prone to EQILs on a large scale is significant for managing rescue operations and disaster mitigation. We propose a deep learning framework while considering the source area feature of EQIL to model the complex relationship and enhance spatial prediction accuracy. Initially, we used high-resolution remote sensing images and a digital elevation model (DEM) to extract the source area of an EQIL. Then, 14 controlling factors were input to a stacked autoencoder (SAE) to search for robust features by sparse optimization, and the classifier took advantage of high-level abstract features to identify the EQIL spatially. Finally, the EQIL inventory collected from the Wenchuan earthquake was used to validate the proposed model. The results show that the proposed method significantly outperformed conventional methods, achieving an overall accuracy (OA) of 91.88%, while logistic regression (LR), support vector machine (SVM), and random forest (RF) achieved 80.75%, 82.22%, and 84.16%, respectively. Meanwhile, this study reveals that shallow machine learning models only take advantage of significant factors for EQIL prediction, but deep learning models can extract more effective information related to EQIL distribution from low-value density data, which is why its prediction accuracy is growing with increasing input factors. There is hope that new knowledge of EQILs can be represented by high-level abstract features extracted by hidden layers of the deep learning model, which are typically acquired by statistical methods. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Earthquake-induced landslide; Source area feature; Spatial prediction; Stacked autoencoder
INDEX KEYWORDS: Data mining; Decision trees; Earthquakes; Forecasting; Landslides; Learning systems; Logistic regression; Remote sensing; Support vector machines; Support vector regression; Surveying; Complex relationships; Conventional methods; Digital elevation model; Disaster mitigation; Earthquake-induced landslides; High resolution remote sensing images; Machine learning models; Sparse optimizations; Deep learning
REFERENCES: Fan, Xuanmei, Earthquake-Induced Chains of Geologic Hazards: Patterns, Mechanisms, and Impacts, Reviews of Geophysics, 57, 2, pp. 421-503, (2019); 
Umar, Zahrul, Earthquake induced landslide susceptibility mapping using an integrated ensemble frequency ratio and logistic regression models in West Sumatera Province, Indonesia, Catena, 118, pp. 124-135, (2014); 
Alfaro, Pedro, Widespread landslides induced by the Mw 5.1 earthquake of 11 May 2011 in Lorca, SE Spain, Engineering Geology, 137-138, pp. 40-52, (2012); 
Cui, Peng, The 12 May Wenchuan earthquake-induced landslide lakes: Distribution and preliminary risk evaluation, Landslides, 6, 3, pp. 209-223, (2009); 
Görüm, Tolga, Distribution pattern of earthquake-induced landslides triggered by the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Geomorphology, 133, 3-4, pp. 152-167, (2011); 
Parker, Robert N., Spatial distributions of earthquake-induced landslides and hillslope preconditioning in the northwest South Island, New Zealand, Earth Surface Dynamics, 3, 4, pp. 501-525, (2015); 
Ye, Chengming, Landslide detection of hyperspectral remote sensing data based on deep learning with constrains, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, 12, 12, pp. 5047-5060, (2019); 
Fan, Xuanmei, Coseismic landslides triggered by the 8th August 2017 M s 7.0 Jiuzhaigou earthquake (Sichuan, China): factors controlling their spatial distribution and implications for the seismogenic blind fault identification, Landslides, 15, 5, pp. 967-983, (2018); 
Meunier, Patrick, Topographic site effects and the location of earthquake induced landslides, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 275, 3-4, pp. 221-232, (2008); 
Valagussa, Andrea, Seismic and geological controls on earthquake-induced landslide size, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 506, pp. 268-281, (2019)
PUBLISHER: MDPI
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS; GREEN ACCEPTED OPEN ACCESS; GREEN OPEN ACCESS

Yang, F., Fan, X., Siva Subramanian, S.S., Dou, X., Xiong, J., Xia, B., Yu, Z., Xu, Q.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Yang, Fan (57200696169); Fan, Xuanmei (12752112800); Siva Subramanian, Srikrishnan (57214766764); Dou, Xiangyang (57196153451); Xiong, Junlin (57241703400); Xia, Bing (57221970529); Yu, Zongyang (57241713900); Xu, Qiang (56506033600)
57200696169; 12752112800; 57214766764; 57196153451; 57241703400; 57221970529; 57241713900; 56506033600
Catastrophic debris flows triggered by the 20 August 2019 rainfall, a decade since the Wenchuan earthquake, China
(2021) Landslides, 18 (9), pp. 3197 - 3212, Cited 55 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s10346-021-01713-6
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85114057748&doi=10.1007%2Fs10346-021-01713-6&partnerID=40&md5=42939c514fb72fd297c5c7964439d30c

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: Enhanced debris flow activity observed after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan Province, SW China, is still intense more than a decade since the earthquake. A heavy rainstorm on 20 August 2019 caused catastrophic debris flows in the epicentral area of the earthquake. By remote sensing imagery interpretation and field investigation, 13 debris flows were identified. An empirical rainfall threshold I-D model (intensity–duration) of post-seismic debris flows is established. Changing rainfall thresholds, characteristics, and initiation mechanisms of the 2019 debris flows were analyzed, which are different from the events that occurred in previous years. We find that the 2019 debris flows were mainly initiated by concentrated runoff erosion of sediments stored in tributary channels of catchments, with little contribution from the coseismic landslides and new hillslope failures. Differently, the major sediment supply of debris flows in previous years was mainly from the reactivation of coseismic landslide deposits. By analyzing the triggering rainfall of all recorded debris flows after the Wenchuan earthquake, we find that the rainfall threshold in 2019 is about 1/2–4/5 of the pre-earthquake value, and the I-D model we built can predict the 2019 debris flows successfully. Considering that there are still a large number of coseismic landslide deposits in the mountain catchments and the rainfall thresholds are slowly recovering, the post-seismic debris flows may last for a long period. © 2021, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Evolving controls; Initiation mechanism; Post-seismic debris flows; Rainfall threshold; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Catchments; Debris; Deposits; Landslides; Rain; Remote sensing; Runoff; Storms; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Concentrated runoff erosions; Debris flow activities; Field investigation; Initiation mechanism; Rainfall thresholds; Remote sensing imagery; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes; catastrophic event; debris flow; detection method; hillslope; rainfall; remote sensing; runoff; spatiotemporal analysis; tributary; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Caine, Nel, The rainfall intensity-duration control of shallow landslides and debris flows., Geografiska Annaler, Series A: Physical Geography, 62, 1-2, pp. 23-27, (1980); 
Mapping Time Dependent Changes in Soil Slip Debris Flow Probability, (2020); 
Chang, Chiwen, Estimation of sediment volume of debris flow caused by extreme rainfall in Taiwan, Engineering Geology, 123, 1-2, pp. 83-90, (2011); 
Critical Rainfall Patterns for Rainfall Induced Debris Flows in the Wenchuan Earthquake Area, (2018); 
Chen, Hongey, Relationship between earthquake disturbance, tropical rainstorms and debris movement: An overview from Taiwan, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 68, 2, pp. 161-186, (2009); 
Chen, Ningsheng, Impact of earthquake on debris flows - A case study on the wenchuan earthquake, Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami, 5, 5, pp. 493-508, (2011); 
Chen, Hongxin, Evolution of debris flow properties and physical interactions in debris-flow mixtures in the Wenchuan earthquake zone, Engineering Geology, 182, PB, pp. 136-147, (2014); 
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences, (2008); 
Dahlquist, Maxwell P., Initiation and Runout of Post-Seismic Debris Flows: Insights From the 2015 Gorkha Earthquake, Geophysical Research Letters, 46, 16, pp. 9658-9668, (2019); 
Domènech, Guillem, Modelling the role of material depletion, grain coarsening and revegetation in debris flow occurrences after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Engineering Geology, 250, pp. 34-44, (2019)
PUBLISHER: Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Xiong, J., Tang, C., Gong, L., Chen, M.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Xiong, Jiang (57217517892); Tang, Chuan (35932953300); Gong, Lingfeng (57215612725); Chen, Ming (57199453005)
57217517892; 35932953300; 57215612725; 57199453005
Variability of rainfall time distributions and their impact on peak discharge in the Wenchuan County, China
(2021) Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 80 (9), pp. 7113 - 7129, Cited 14 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s10064-021-02376-2
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85111129154&doi=10.1007%2Fs10064-021-02376-2&partnerID=40&md5=0cdc0b98a10d3b8e19a257f68a7754cb

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; China Geological Survey, Beijing, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Rainfall characteristics influence the formation of runoff and peak discharge, but there are few studies on the variability of rainfall time distributions and their influence on peak discharge in Wenchuan County. This study analysed the variability of the rainfall time distributions in Wenchuan County by using the Huff curve and their impact on the peak discharge by coupling the HEC-HMS model. A total of 817 rainfall events were collected from Wenchuan County, and most of them were characterized by short rainfall durations. The rainfall time distribution patterns were classified as Quartile I, Quartile II, Quartile III, and Quartile IV, and the variability of the rainfall time distribution for each pattern was analysed based on the probability curves. The variability of the rainfall time distribution in Wenchuan County is significant, but the variability of the same rainfall time distribution in different regions is small. The Huff curve for Wenchuan County was developed, and it can be applied to storm designs in the future. The peak discharges for Quartiles I–IV increased gradually. The trigger response of debris flows for Quartile I is a rapid rainfall-triggering response pattern, and the trigger response of debris flows for Quartile II is an intermediate rainfall-triggering response pattern, but the trigger response of debris flows for Quartiles III and IV is a slow triggering response pattern. The debris flows in the Wenchuan earthquake area were widely triggered by rainfall time distribution patterns of Quartiles I and II. © 2021, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: HEC-HMS; Huff curve; Peak discharge; Rainfall time distribution; Wenchuan County
INDEX KEYWORDS: Debris; Earthquakes; Probability distributions; Peak discharge; Probability curves; Rainfall characteristics; Rainfall duration; Rainfall event; Response patterns; Time distribution; Wenchuan Earthquake; Rain; debris flow; peak discharge; rainfall; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Anderson, Michael L., Coupling HEC-HMS with atmospheric models for prediction of watershed runoff, Journal of Hydrologic Engineering - ASCE, 7, 4, pp. 312-318, (2002); 
van Asch, Theodore W.J., A view on some hydrological triggering systems in landslides, Geomorphology, 30, 1-2, pp. 25-32, (1999); 
Azli, M., Development of Huff curves for Peninsular Malaysia, Journal of Hydrology, 388, 1-2, pp. 77-84, (2010); 
Bonta, James V., Development and utility of Huff curves for disaggregating precipitation amounts, Applied Engineering in Agriculture, 20, 5, pp. 641-653, (2004); 
Bonta, James V., FACTORS AFFECTING DEVELOPMENT OF HUFF CURVES., Transactions - American Society of Agricultural Engineers: General Edition, 30, 6, pp. 1689-1693, (1987); 
Collischonn, W., Forecasting River Uruguay flow using rainfall forecasts from a regional weather-prediction model, Journal of Hydrology, 305, 1-4, pp. 87-98, (2005); 
Chen, N. Sh, The processes and mechanism of failure and debris flow initiation for gravel soil with different clay content, Geomorphology, 121, 3-4, pp. 222-230, (2010); 
Chigira, Masahiro, Landslides induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China, Geomorphology, 118, 3-4, pp. 225-238, (2010); 
Cui, Peng, Real-time observation of an active debris flow watershed in the Wenchuan Earthquake area, Geomorphology, 321, pp. 153-166, (2018); 
Cui, Peng, Prediction of debris-flow danger area by combining hydrological and inundation simulation methods, Journal of Mountain Science, 8, 1, pp. 1-9, (2011)
PUBLISHER: Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Del Gaudio, V., Wa̧sowski, J., Hu, W., Capone, P., Venisti, N., Li, Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Del Gaudio, Vincenzo (6701701953); Wa̧sowski, Janusz (7003384266); Hu, Wei (42361224100); Capone, Paola (25226691700); Venisti, N. (6507394314); Li, Yusen (58954776600)
6701701953; 7003384266; 42361224100; 25226691700; 6507394314; 58954776600
Ambient noise and ERT data provide insights into the structure of co-seismic rock avalanche deposits in Sichuan (China)
(2021) Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 80 (9), pp. 7153 - 7170, Cited 8 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s10064-021-02346-8
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85110458879&doi=10.1007%2Fs10064-021-02346-8&partnerID=40&md5=8ac70fa2a48d13f8f89c1a6af3a3a7ed

AFFILIATIONS: Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e Geoambientali, Università degli studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, BA, Italy; State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Istituto Di Ricerca Per La Protezione Idrogeologica, Perugia, Perugia, PG, Italy
ABSTRACT: The post-seismic history of the 2008 Mw7.9 Wenchuan earthquake shows that marginally stable deposits of large co-seismic landslide dams can pose persistent debris flow hazards for the downstream areas. Here, we combine analyses of single-station recordings of ambient noise with electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) surveys to explore the potential of drawing information on structure and geometry of the deposit of a large rock avalanche triggered by the Mw 7.9 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, which dammed the Yangjia stream in the Sichuan Province (China). The substantial thickness and heterogeneity of this kind of deposits limit the application of standard geophysical techniques, like active seismic surveys, which require highly energetic sources and long linear geophone arrays to reach adequate investigation depths. Passive single-station methods, relying on ambient noise recordings to determine site resonance properties, controlled by the contrast between soft surface layers and a stiffer substratum, offer the opportunity of investigating subsoil properties down to larger depths. In particular, we use a recently developed technique, which isolates the contribution of Rayleigh waves to ambient noise and draws information on sub-soil properties from the inversion of Rayleigh wave ellipticity curves plotted as function of frequency. In this framework, the ERT data can support the ellipticity curve inversion, typically affected by highly non-univocal solutions, by providing constraints for defining of the thickness of the uppermost surficial layers. The results allowed inferring the overlap of different layers within the 2008 rock avalanche deposit, as well as estimating lateral variations in their thickness and S-wave (Vs) velocities. © 2021, The Author(s).
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Ambient noise analysis; ERT; Landslide dam structure; Rock avalanche; Site resonance
INDEX KEYWORDS: Acoustic noise; Deposits; Rayleigh waves; Shear waves; Soils; Surveys; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Application of standards; Debris flow hazards; Electrical resistivity tomography; Function of frequency; Geophysical techniques; Seismic landslides; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes; ambient noise; avalanche; coseismic process; electrical resistivity; seismic survey; Sichuan earthquake 2008; soil property; China; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Nat Hazards Earth Syst Sci Discuss, (2016); 
Castellaro, Silvia, VS30 estimates using constrained H/V measurements, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 99, 2 A, pp. 761-773, (2009); 
Geological Press, (2001); 
Dai, Fuchu, Rock avalanches triggered by oblique-thrusting during the 12 May 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Geomorphology, 132, 3-4, pp. 300-318, (2011); 
Del Gaudio, Vincenzo, Instantaneous polarization analysis of ambient noise recordings in site response investigations, Geophysical Journal International, 210, 1, pp. 443-464, (2017); 
Del Gaudio, Vincenzo, Detection of directivity in seismic site response from microtremor spectral analysis, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 8, 4, pp. 751-762, (2008); 
Del Gaudio, Vincenzo, Using ambient noise to characterise seismic slope response: The case of Qiaozhuang peri-urban hillslopes (Sichuan, China), Engineering Geology, 246, pp. 374-390, (2018); 
Del Gaudio, Vincenzo, Seismic response of steep slopes inferred from ambient noise and accelerometer recordings: the case of Dadu River valley, China, Engineering Geology, 259, (2019); 
Del Gaudio, Vincenzo, Multitemporal analysis of ambient noise polarization to characterize site response in the town of Amatrice, shattered by the 2016 central Italy earthquake, Geophysical Journal International, 224, 2, pp. 739-759, (2021); 
Densmore, Alexander Logan, Active tectonics of the Beichuan and Pengguan faults at the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, Tectonics, 26, 4, (2007)
PUBLISHER: Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GREEN FINAL OPEN ACCESS; GREEN OPEN ACCESS; HYBRID GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Chen, M., Tang, C., Wang, X., Xiong, J., Shi, Q., Zhang, X., Li, M., Luo, Y., Tie, Y., Feng, Q.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Chen, Ming (57199453005); Tang, Chuan (35932953300); Wang, Xiaodi (59292164400); Xiong, Jiang (57217517892); Shi, Qingyun (57217257328); Zhang, Xianzheng (57219298270); Li, Mingwei (57222871091); Luo, Yuting (57225212131); Tie, Yu (58417356300); Feng, Qiang (57225221384)
57199453005; 35932953300; 59292164400; 57217517892; 57217257328; 57219298270; 57222871091; 57225212131; 58417356300; 57225221384
Temporal and spatial differentiation in the surface recovery of post-seismic landslides in Wenchuan earthquake-affected areas
(2021) Ecological Informatics, 64, art. no. 101356, Cited 39 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2021.101356
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85109515584&doi=10.1016%2Fj.ecoinf.2021.101356&partnerID=40&md5=1f2843b6672f56ea776010512e552a76

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Department of Ecology and Environment of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Environmental Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Catastrophic earthquakes that occur in mountainous areas always trigger a large number of co-seismic geohazards, which exerts a negative impact on the geological environment and the vegetation coverage. The violent destruction of vegetation and a large number of loose material sources caused by the Wenchuan earthquake led to a sharp drop in the rainfall threshold of the landslide and debris flow in the strong earthquake areas. The surface recovery of post-seismic landslides can indicate the active trend of landslides and debris flows, which is of significance to understand when the geohazard risk lasts after the Wenchuan earthquake. Existing studies on the long-term effect of the Wenchuan earthquake are mainly aimed at a large scale, detailed analysis of differences in the change of geohazard activities and vegetation recovery at a small scale is quite lacking in different regions. To fill this substantial knowledge gap, we selected three typical regions (Wenchuan region, Beichuan region and Qingping region) along the Wenchuan earthquake generated fault as the study area to investigate the temporal and spatial differentiation of surface recovery at post-seismic landslides. Firstly, we identified the multi-temporal active landslides based on NDVI data and quantified the changes in the active landslide area, and also analyzed the controlling factors of landslide activity. Afterwards the natural vegetation recovery at co-seismic landslide sites was analyzed. The results suggests that the strong earthquake causes more damage to hard rock areas than soft rock areas, and post-seismic landslides located in high and steep terrain are more likely to be reactivated, and the surface recovery rate is slower. The recovery rates of the average NDVI after the earthquake in the Wenchuan area, the Qingping area and the Beichuan area were 0.024/year, 0.033/year, and 0.037/year, respectively. The surface recovery rates at post-seismic landslides in different regions were affected by geological factors and climate. NDVI values at post-seismic landslides in the Wenchuan area, Qingping area and Beichuan area would almost return to the pre-earthquake level in 16 years, 12 years and 11 years after the earthquake. © 2021 Elsevier B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Evolution; Post-seismic landslide; Surface recovery; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: damage mechanics; debris flow; differential thermal analysis; differentiation; hard rock; landslide; NDVI; rainfall; Sichuan earthquake 2008; soft rock; spatiotemporal analysis; Beichuan; China; Qingping; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Aspinall, Richard J., Integrated geographical assessment of environmental condition in water catchments: Linking landscape ecology, environmental modelling and GIS, Journal of Environmental Management, 59, 4, pp. 299-319, (2000); 
Behling, Robert, Automated spatiotemporal landslide mapping over large areas using rapideye time series data, Remote Sensing, 6, 9, pp. 8026-8055, (2014); 
Behling, Robert, Derivation of long-term spatiotemporal landslide activity—A multi-sensor time series approach, Remote Sensing of Environment, 186, pp. 88-104, (2016); 
Chen, Ming, The long-term evolution of landslide activity near the epicentral area of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China, Geomorphology, 367, (2020); 
Chigira, Masahiro, Geological causes and geomorphological precursors of the Tsaoling landslide triggered by the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake, Taiwan, Engineering Geology, 68, 3-4, pp. 259-273, (2003); 
Cui, Peng, Destruction of vegetation due to geo-hazards and its environmental impacts in the Wenchuan earthquake areas, Ecological Engineering, 44, pp. 61-69, (2012); 
Fan, Xuanmei, Spatio-temporal evolution of mass wasting after the 2008 Mw 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake revealed by a detailed multi-temporal inventory, Landslides, 15, 12, pp. 2325-2341, (2018); 
Fan, Xuanmei, Coseismic landslides triggered by the 8th August 2017 M s 7.0 Jiuzhaigou earthquake (Sichuan, China): factors controlling their spatial distribution and implications for the seismogenic blind fault identification, Landslides, 15, 5, pp. 967-983, (2018); 
Görüm, Tolga, Distribution pattern of earthquake-induced landslides triggered by the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Geomorphology, 133, 3-4, pp. 152-167, (2011); 
Görüm, Tolga, Complex rupture mechanism and topography control symmetry of mass-wasting pattern, 2010 Haiti earthquake, Geomorphology, 184, pp. 127-138, (2013)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zhou, X., Wei, P., Fu, X., Li, L., Xue, X.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhou, Xingtao (57194453785); Wei, Pengfei (57226792083); Fu, Xiaodong (55200712100); Li, Lihua (57226801419); Xue, Xiaohui (55589223200)
57194453785; 57226792083; 55200712100; 57226801419; 55589223200
Dynamic Process and Mechanism of the Catastrophic Taihongcun Landslide Triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake Based on Field Investigations and Discrete Element Method Simulations
(2021) Frontiers in Earth Science, 9, art. no. 710031, Cited 4 times.
DOI: 10.3389/feart.2021.710031
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85112710764&doi=10.3389%2Ffeart.2021.710031&partnerID=40&md5=304660c10e391efe0dc2a01ef10589c0

AFFILIATIONS: School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China; Hubei Geological Bureau, Xiangyang, China; State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China; Ltd., Taiyuan, China
ABSTRACT: The Taihongcun landslide, which was a remarkable geological disaster triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, had a volume of about 2 × 106 m3 and killed about 23 people. Through detailed field investigations, basic information of topography, geological structure and stratigraphy for the landslide were acquired and key kinetic characteristics of the landslide were identified. On the basis of filed investigations, 2D numerical models with discrete element method (DEM) were established to simulate the kinematics and failure process of the landslide. To ensure the validity of the dynamic calculations, the free-field boundary condition was developed and introduced intro the DEM models. According to filed investigations and DEM simulations, the dynamic processes of the Taihongcun landslide can be divided into four phases: fragmentation, projection motion, scraping, and granular debris flow and accumulation. In addition, the parameter analysis showed that the particle bond strength had a significant influence on the runout distance and landslide debris morphology. Finally, the possible mechanism of the Taihongcun landslide was determined: a rock mass of poor quality provided the lithological basis for this landslide formation; a joint set J<inf>1</inf> in the back scarp and a weak interlayer of carbonaceous slate and shale between the upper sliding mass and the bedrock formed the rupture boundaries of the upper source area; a strong seismic ground motion was the external excitation that triggered the destructive landslide event; additionally, hypermobility was caused by the high elevation and topographical conditions of the landslide. © Copyright © 2021 Zhou, Wei, Fu, Li and Xue.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: discrete element method; dynamic process; field investigation; formation mechanism; Taihongcun landslide
INDEX KEYWORDS: Debris; Dynamics; Earthquakes; Landslides; Lithology; Numerical methods; Stratigraphy; Topography; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Discrete element method simulations; Discrete elements method; Dynamic mechanism; Dynamic process; Field investigation; Formation mechanism; Geological disaster; Geological structures; Taihongcun landslide; Finite difference method; catastrophic event; computer simulation; debris flow; discrete element method; formation mechanism; geological hazard; ground motion; landslide; numerical model; Sichuan earthquake 2008; structural geology; topographic effect; trigger mechanism
REFERENCES: Bahaaddini, M., Parametric Study of Smooth Joint Parameters on the Shear Behaviour of Rock Joints, Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 48, 3, pp. 923-940, (2015); 
Bahaaddini, M., Numerical direct shear tests to model the shear behaviour of rock joints, Computers and Geotechnics, 51, pp. 101-115, (2013); 
Bouckovalas, George D., Numerical evaluation of slope topography effects on seismic ground motion, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 25, 7-10, pp. 547-558, (2005); 
Bourdeau, Céline, Site effects modelling applied to the slope affected by the Suusamyr earthquake (Kyrgyzstan, 1992), Engineering Geology, 97, 3-4, pp. 126-145, (2008); 
Charatpangoon, Bhuddarak, Dynamic analysis of earth dam damaged by the 2011 Off the Pacific Coast of Tohoku Earthquake, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 64, pp. 50-62, (2014); 
Che, Ailan, Wave propagations through jointed rock masses and their effects on the stability of slopes, Engineering Geology, 201, pp. 45-56, (2016); 
Chigira, Masahiro, Landslides induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China, Geomorphology, 118, 3-4, pp. 225-238, (2010); 
Cui, Zhen, Control effect of a large geological discontinuity on the seismic response and stability of underground rock caverns: A case study of the Baihetan #1 Surge Chamber, Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 49, 6, pp. 2099-2114, (2016); 
Cundall, Peter A., A discrete numerical model for granular assemblies, Geotechnique, 29, 1, pp. 47-65, (1979); 
Dai, Fuchu, Rock avalanches triggered by oblique-thrusting during the 12 May 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Geomorphology, 132, 3-4, pp. 300-318, (2011)
PUBLISHER: Frontiers Media SA
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Zhong, C., Li, C., Gao, P., Li, H.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhong, Cheng (57206593474); Li, Chang (57226379122); Gao, Peng (59101136500); Li, Hui (57060864200)
57206593474; 57226379122; 59101136500; 57060864200
Discovering vegetation recovery and landslide activities in the wenchuan earthquake area with landsat imagery
(2021) Sensors, 21 (15), art. no. 5243, Cited 21 times.
DOI: 10.3390/s21155243
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85111782801&doi=10.3390%2Fs21155243&partnerID=40&md5=132a3fc2a6af7f121bb748ae642a2afa

AFFILIATIONS: China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC, United States; Department of Geography, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States; School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
ABSTRACT: Post-seismic vegetation recovery is critical to local ecosystem recovery and slope stability, especially in the Wenchuan earthquake area where tens of thousands of landslides were triggered. This study executed a decadal monitoring of post-seismic landslide activities all over the region by investigating landslide vegetation recovery rate (VRR) with Landsat images and a (nearly) complete landslide inventory. Thirty thousand landslides that were larger than nine pixels were chosen for VRR analysis, to reduce the influence of mixed pixels and support detailed investigation within landslides. The study indicates that about 60% of landslide vegetation gets close to the pre-earthquake level in ten years and is expected to recover to the pre-earthquake level within 20 years. The vegetation recovery is significantly influenced by topographic factors, especially elevation and slope, while it is barely related to the distance to epicenter, fault ruptures, and rivers. This study checked and improved the knowledge of vegetation recovery and landslide stability in the area, based on a detailed investigation. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Earthquake; Land cover; Landsat; Landslide; NDVI; Slope stability; Vegetation recovery
INDEX KEYWORDS: Landslides; Pixels; Recovery; Vegetation; Ecosystem recoveries; Landsat imagery; Landslide inventories; Landslide stability; Pre-earthquake levels; Seismic landslides; Vegetation recovery; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes; earthquake; ecosystem; human; landslide; river; Ecosystem; Humans; Rivers
REFERENCES: Chang, Ming, Hazard assessment of debris flows in the Wenchuan earthquake-stricken area, South West China, Landslides, 14, 5, pp. 1783-1792, (2017); 
Lin, Guan-Wei, Influence of typhoons and earthquakes on rainfall-induced landslides and suspended sediments discharge, Engineering Geology, 97, 1-2, pp. 32-41, (2008); 
Shou, Keh Jian, Spatial and temporal analysis of landslides in Central Taiwan after 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake, Engineering Geology, 123, 1-2, pp. 122-128, (2011); 
Chen, Hongey, Relationship between earthquake disturbance, tropical rainstorms and debris movement: An overview from Taiwan, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 68, 2, pp. 161-186, (2009); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2011); 
Görüm, Tolga, Distribution pattern of earthquake-induced landslides triggered by the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Geomorphology, 133, 3-4, pp. 152-167, (2011); 
Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011); 
Cui, Peng, Destruction of vegetation due to geo-hazards and its environmental impacts in the Wenchuan earthquake areas, Ecological Engineering, 44, pp. 61-69, (2012); 
Huang, Runqiu, Analysis of the geo-hazards triggered by the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake, China, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 68, 3, pp. 363-371, (2009); 
Tang, Chuan, Rainfall-triggered debris flows following the Wenchuan earthquake, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 68, 2, pp. 187-194, (2009)
PUBLISHER: MDPI AG
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS; GREEN ACCEPTED OPEN ACCESS; GREEN OPEN ACCESS

Li, C., Yi, B., Gao, P., Li, H., Sun, J., Chen, X., Zhong, C.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Li, Chang (57226379122); Yi, Bangjin (57226384480); Gao, Peng (59101136500); Li, Hui (57060864200); Sun, Jixing (57226380401); Chen, Xueye (57226380851); Zhong, Cheng (57206593474)
57226379122; 57226384480; 59101136500; 57060864200; 57226380401; 57226380851; 57206593474
Valuable clues for dcnn-based landslide detection from a comparative assessment in the wenchuan earthquake area
(2021) Sensors, 21 (15), art. no. 5191, Cited 17 times.
DOI: 10.3390/s21155191
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85111363736&doi=10.3390%2Fs21155191&partnerID=40&md5=8cc59089ce021a3083aa28d3eab09685

AFFILIATIONS: China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Yunnan Institute of Geological Science, Kuming, China; Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC, United States; Department of Geography, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States; School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Land Resources Monitoring and Simulation, MNR, Shenzhen, China
ABSTRACT: Landslide inventories could provide fundamental data for analyzing the causative factors and deformation mechanisms of landslide events. Considering that it is still hard to detect landslides automatically from remote sensing images, endeavors have been carried out to explore the potential of DCNNs on landslide detection, and obtained better performance than shallow machine learning methods. However, there is often confusion as to which structure, layer number, and sample size are better for a project. To fill this gap, this study conducted a comparative test on typical models for landside detection in the Wenchuan earthquake area, where about 200,000 secondary landslides were available. Multiple structures and layer numbers, including VGG16, VGG19, ResNet50, ResNet101, DenseNet120, DenseNet201, UNet−, UNet+, and ResUNet were investigated with different sample numbers (100, 1000, and 10,000). Results indicate that VGG models have the highest precision (about 0.9) but the lowest recall (below 0.76); ResNet models display the lowest precision (below 0.86) and a high recall (about 0.85); DenseNet models obtain moderate precision (below 0.88) and recall (about 0.8); while UNet+ also achieves moderate precision (0.8) and recall (0.84). Generally, a larger sample set can lead to better performance for VGG, ResNet, and DenseNet, and deeper layers could improve the detection results for ResNet and DenseNet. This study provides valuable clues for designing models’ type, layers, and sample set, based on tests with a large number of samples. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Deep learning; DenseNet; Landslide detection; ResNet; U-Net; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Chemical detection; Earthquakes; Landslides; Remote sensing; Sampling; Comparative assessment; Deformation mechanism; Landslide detection; Landslide inventories; Machine learning methods; Multiple structures; Remote sensing images; Wenchuan Earthquake; Learning systems; earthquake; landslide; machine learning; Machine Learning
REFERENCES: National Geological Disasters Bulletin, (2021); 
Wang, Guoquan, Delineating and defining the boundaries of an active landslide in the rainforest of Puerto Rico using a combination of airborne and terrestrial LIDAR data, Landslides, 10, 4, pp. 503-513, (2013); 
Zhou, Suhua, Support vector machine modeling of earthquake-induced landslides susceptibility in central part of Sichuan province, China, Geoenvironmental Disasters, 2, 1, (2015); 
Marc, Odin, Prediction of the area affected by earthquake-induced landsliding based on seismological parameters, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 17, 7, pp. 1159-1175, (2017); 
Guzzetti, Fausto, Landslide inventory maps: New tools for an old problem, Earth-Science Reviews, 112, 1-2, pp. 42-66, (2012); 
Zhong, Cheng, Landslide mapping with remote sensing: challenges and opportunities, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 41, 4, pp. 1555-1581, (2020); 
Behling, Robert, Automated spatiotemporal landslide mapping over large areas using rapideye time series data, Remote Sensing, 6, 9, pp. 8026-8055, (2014); 
Ramos-Bernal, Rocío N., Evaluation of unsupervised change detection methods applied to landslide inventory mapping using ASTER imagery, Remote Sensing, 10, 12, (2018); 
Deng, Susu, Semi-automatic approach for identifying locations of shallow debris slides/flows based on lidar-derived morphological features, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 35, 10, pp. 3741-3763, (2014); 
Leshchinsky, Ben A., Contour Connection Method for automated identification and classification of landslide deposits, Computers and Geosciences, 74, pp. 27-38, (2015)
PUBLISHER: MDPI AG
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS; GREEN FINAL OPEN ACCESS; GREEN OPEN ACCESS

He, J., Qi, S., Zhan, Z., Guo, S., Li, C., Zheng, B., Huang, X., Zou, Y., Yang, G., Liang, N.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: He, Jianxian (56942646200); Qi, Shengwen (55411952900); Zhan, Zhifa (56608696300); Guo, Songfeng (55961479200); Li, Chunlei (56274596000); Zheng, Bowen (57214452954); Huang, Xiaoling Lin (55641402000); Zou, Yu (56461882000); Yang, Guoxiang (36769878300); Liang, Ning (55961570400)
56942646200; 55411952900; 56608696300; 55961479200; 56274596000; 57214452954; 55641402000; 56461882000; 36769878300; 55961570400
Seismic response characteristics and deformation evolution of the bedding rock slope using a large-scale shaking table
(2021) Landslides, 18 (8), pp. 2835 - 2853, Cited 91 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s10346-021-01682-w
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85105911583&doi=10.1007%2Fs10346-021-01682-w&partnerID=40&md5=11f332f821efdace087c3253e94856c3

AFFILIATIONS: Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Innovation Academy for Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; China Highway Engineering Consulting Corporation, Beijing, Beijing, China; China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, China; China University of Geosciences, Beijing, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is one of the most seismically active aeras of China and rock mass structures or geological structure are also complex here. Earthquake-induced geological disasters are occurred frequently in this region. Among them, plane failure is often generated on bedding rock slope especially in destructive area of the Wenchuan earthquake which caused numerous casualties and serious economic loss. To reveal failure mechanism of bedding rock slope, this paper studied the seismic response and investigated progressive failure characteristics of the bedding rock slope through a large-scale shaking table test. A bedding rock slope of 45° contained an unfilled joint set with spacing of 0.1 m that dipped at an angle of 34° out of the surface, was conducted in a rigid model box, with a length of 3.47 m, width of 0.68 m, and height of 1.2 m, respectively. A series of tests results show that acceleration amplification factor in horizontal direction (AAF-X) increases with the increase of the slope elevation and acceleration amplification factor in vertical direction (AAF-Z) amplifies at lower part of the slope. When the shaking intensities are over 0.2 g, the slope crest and its vicinity start to show nonlinear dynamic response. Existence of bedding planes let the isoline morphology of AAF-X redistribute and dominate the seismic amplification at the crest. The progressive failure progress of the model under earthquake can be divided into four stages. This novel experiment offers some important insights to mechanism of bedding plane landslides triggered by earthquakes, evaluation stability of slopes under earthquake, and disaster prevention and mitigation. © 2021, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Bedding rock slope; Progressive failure; Seismic response; Shaking table test
INDEX KEYWORDS: Disaster prevention; Disasters; Dynamic response; Earthquakes; Geology; Losses; Morphology; Rocks; Seismic response; Amplification factors; Disaster prevention and mitigations; Geological structures; Large-scale shaking table tests; Progressive failure; Progressive failure progress; Qinghai Tibet plateau; Seismic response characteristics; Failure (mechanical); amplification; bedding plane; deformation mechanism; economic impact; elevation; failure analysis; failure mechanism; geological structure; induced seismicity; rock mechanics; seismic response; shaking table test; slope stability; China; Qinghai-Xizang Plateau
REFERENCES: Ashford, Scott A., Analysis of topographic amplification of inclined shear waves in a steep coastal bluff, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 87, 3, pp. 692-700, (1997); 
Bhasin, Rajinder Kumar, Static and dynamic simulation of a 700-m high rock slope in western Norway, Engineering Geology, 71, 3-4, pp. 213-226, (2004); 
Bouchon, Michel, Seismic response of a hill: The example of Tarzana, California, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 86, 1 SUPPL. A, pp. 66-72, (1996); 
Bouckovalas, George D., Numerical evaluation of slope topography effects on seismic ground motion, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 25, 7-10, pp. 547-558, (2005); 
Brand, Louis, The Pi theorem of dimensional analysis, Archive for Rational Mechanics and Analysis, 1, 1, pp. 35-45, (1957); 
Buckingham, Edgar, On physically similar systems; Illustrations of the use of dimensional equations, Physical Review, 4, 4, pp. 345-376, (1914); 
Chigira, Masahiro, Geological causes and geomorphological precursors of the Tsaoling landslide triggered by the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake, Taiwan, Engineering Geology, 68, 3-4, pp. 259-273, (2003); 
Chigira, Masahiro, Landslides induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China, Geomorphology, 118, 3-4, pp. 225-238, (2010); 
Collier, C. J., A procedure for combining vertical and horizontal seismic action effects, Journal of Earthquake Engineering, 5, 4, pp. 521-539, (2001); 
Curtis, W. D., Dimensional analysis and the pi theorem, Linear Algebra and Its Applications, 47, C, pp. 117-126, (1982)
PUBLISHER: Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Xiong, J., Tang, C., Chen, M., Gong, L., Li, N., Zhang, X., Shi, Q.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Xiong, Jiang (57217517892); Tang, Chuan (35932953300); Chen, Ming (57199453005); Gong, Lingfeng (57215612725); Li, Ning (57211181445); Zhang, Xianzheng (57219298270); Shi, Qingyun (57217257328)
57217517892; 35932953300; 57199453005; 57215612725; 57211181445; 57219298270; 57217257328
Long-term changes in the landslide sediment supply capacity for debris flow occurrence in Wenchuan County, China
(2021) Catena, 203, art. no. 105340, Cited 51 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.catena.2021.105340
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85104436386&doi=10.1016%2Fj.catena.2021.105340&partnerID=40&md5=28b3d3682d3b6400a7b7a938afaeabc1

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; China Geological Survey, Beijing, Beijing, China; School of Sciences, Xihua University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: After the Wenchuan earthquake, a large number of landslides in debris flow basins continued to provide loose debris for channels and further affected the occurrence of debris flows. Evaluating the landslide sediment supply capacity in debris flow basins requires understanding the landslide activity and the coupled relationship between the landslide and the channel. In this study, we proposed a model based on the landslide area density index (P<inf>Als</inf>) and the landslide connectivity (IC<inf>l</inf>) to evaluate the capacity of the landslide sediment supply for channels in 46 sub-catchments in the study area. The capacity of the landslide sediment supply for channels generally decreased from 2008 to 2018, but due to the influence of heavy rainfall, the actual capacity of the landslide sediment supply for channels in the study area may gradually diminish in an unstable way, and it may arrive at the pre-earthquake level by 2025 without the influence of extreme rainfall. However, higher debris flow activity may last longer than 2025 because sufficient gully materials are still accumulated in the channel. The sediment transport capacity of landslides was divided into five levels: extremely, high, moderate, slight and low. The capacity of the landslide sediment supply for channels changed from extreme levels and high levels to moderate levels and slight levels after the first 5 years of the Wenchuan earthquake and was then dominated by low levels. Simultaneously, the regions with higher landslide sediment supply capacities gradually changed from along the Minjiang River regions to the upper and middle reaches of the debris flow basin from 2008 to 2018. Hongchun gully, which is in the study area, was chosen as an example to compare the assessment results and field investigation. The long-term evolution of landslides is an important reason for the decrease in the sediment supply capacity of landslides. © 2021
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flow; High-resolution image; Landslide area density; Landslide connectivity; Sediment supply capacity; Spatiotemporal evolution
INDEX KEYWORDS: debris flow; extreme event; landslide; long-term change; sediment transport; Sichuan earthquake 2008; spatiotemporal analysis; China; Min River [Sichuan]; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Atkinson, Edmund, Methods for assessing sediment delivery in river systems, Hydrological Sciences Journal, 40, 2, pp. 273-280, (1995); 
Beel, Casey R., Controls on slope-to-channel fine sediment connectivity in a largely ice-free valley, Hoophorn Stream, Southern Alps, New Zealand, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 36, 7, pp. 981-994, (2011); 
Bracken, Louise J., The concept of hydrological connectivity and its contribution to understanding runoff-dominated geomorphic systems, Hydrological Processes, 21, 13, pp. 1749-1763, (2007); 
Boyce, Robert C., SEDIMENT ROUTING WITH SEDIMENT-DELIVERY RATIOS., pp. 61-65, (1975); 
Borselli, L., Prolegomena to sediment and flow connectivity in the landscape: A GIS and field numerical assessment, Catena, 75, 3, pp. 268-277, (2008); 
Cui, Peng, The 12 May Wenchuan earthquake-induced landslide lakes: Distribution and preliminary risk evaluation, Landslides, 6, 3, pp. 209-223, (2009); 
Cui, Peng, The mechanisms behind shallow failures in slopes comprised of landslide deposits, Engineering Geology, 180, pp. 34-44, (2014); 
Chigira, Masahiro, Landslides induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China, Geomorphology, 118, 3-4, pp. 225-238, (2010); 
Caine, Nel, Geomorphic coupling of hillslope and channel systems in two small mountain basins, Zeitschrift fur Geomorphologie, 33, 2, pp. 189-203, (1989); 
Chen, Ming, The long-term evolution of landslide activity near the epicentral area of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China, Geomorphology, 367, (2020)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zhao, Y., Xu, M., Liu, X., Luo, B.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhao, Yuanping (57237366900); Xu, Ming (57192173504); Liu, Xianshan (53879982500); Luo, Bin (59633639700)
57237366900; 57192173504; 53879982500; 59633639700
Study on the initiation mechanism of bedding rock landslide under seismic load 地震作用下顺层岩质滑坡启动机制研究
(2021) Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 40, pp. 2692 - 2700, Cited 4 times.
DOI: 10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2020.1098
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85113780587&doi=10.13722%2Fj.cnki.jrme.2020.1098&partnerID=40&md5=f14f0ec66dd912818db298ee68c46b92

AFFILIATIONS: Chongqing University, Chongqing, China; National Joint Engineering Research Center of Geohazards Prevention in the Reservoir Areas, Chongqing, Chongqing, China; Ltd., Chongqing, Chongqing, China
ABSTRACT: To seek the initiation mechanism of bedding rock landslide under seismic load, the geometry and stress conditions of landslide's initial crack propagation are analyzed and the calculating formula of the most dangerous initial crack angle is deduced by theory of fracture mechanics. Furthermore, based on completely cut-through of landslide's back fault zone, the starting speed of landslide under the composite effect of elastic impulse, peak-residual strength drop and wave oscillation is derived. The results prove that if initial crack angle starts to break along the secondary joint structural plane, the initial crack of landslides whose dip angle of secondary joint's structural plane is 39.5°will crack more easily; the landslide's initiation has experienced a process of cumulative fracture of initial crack, cut-through of landslide's back fault zone, instantaneous fracture of the locking segment, release of elastic impulse strain energy and peak-residual strength drop strain energy into starting kinetic energy of the slip mass, further accelerated by wave oscillation, and finally being thrown from landslide shear outlet. Based on the analysis of the Qingchuan Donghekou landslide happened in the 5•12 Wenchuan Earthquake, it is concluded that the starting speed of landslide is significantly affected by the elastic impulse effect and decisively controlled by the height of elastic impulse area's slices and length of locking segment under instantaneous fracture of locking segment, if the internal relationship between height of the slices and length of the locking segment is not considered, the upper limit of landslide's starting speed will be 12.5 m/s when energy conversion rate reaches 100%. © 2021, Science Press. All right reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Bedding rock landslide; Crack propagation; Elastic impulse; Initiation mechanism; Seismic action; Slope engineering; Starting speed
INDEX KEYWORDS: Cracks; Drops; Earthquakes; Energy conversion; Fracture mechanics; Kinetic energy; Kinetics; Locks (fasteners); Rock mechanics; Shear flow; Strain energy; Energy conversion rates; Initiation mechanism; Internal relationships; Residual strength; Stress condition; Structural planes; Theory of fracture mechanics; Wenchuan Earthquake; Landslides
REFERENCES: Introduction of Wenchuan Earthquake Geology and Landslide Disaster, (2009); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2009); 
Large Scale Landslides Induced by the Wenchuan Earthquake, (2009); 
Study of Geological Disasters in Wenchuan Earthquake, (2009); 
He, Siming, Collapse mechanism of danger rock triggered by earthquake, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 29, SUPPL. 1, pp. 3359-3363, (2010); 
Luo, Gang, Study of kinetic failure mechanism and starting velocity of consequent rock slopes under strong earthquake, Yantu Lixue/Rock and Soil Mechanics, 34, 2, pp. 483-490, (2013); 
Zou, Zongxing, Starting-elastic-impulsive acceleration mechanism of high-speed rockslide and elastic-impulsive velocity calculation: Taking Jiweishan rockslide in Wulong, Chongqing for example, Yantu Lixue/Rock and Soil Mechanics, 35, 7, pp. 2004-2012, (2014); 
Ling, Zhu, On the initiation mechanism of the Daguangbao landslide triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan (Ms 7.9) earthquake, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 137, (2020); 
Landslide Dynamics, (1995); 
Journal of Xi an Engineering University, (1998)
PUBLISHER: Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wen, G., Su, L., Xie, H., Chen, H., Xu, Z.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wen, Guangchao (24336592300); Su, Linxue (58902306200); Xie, Hongbo (57224783653); Chen, Hongqi (58286581200); Xu, Zhaofeng (56173568000)
24336592300; 58902306200; 57224783653; 58286581200; 56173568000
Spatio-temporal development characteristics of major geohazards in Sichuan Province around "5·12" Wenchuan earthquake “5 • 12”汶川地震前后四川省主要地质灾害 时空发育规律
(2021) Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology, 40 (4), pp. 143 - 152, Cited 13 times.
DOI: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.2021.0430
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85125735085&doi=10.19509%2Fj.cnki.dzkq.2021.0430&partnerID=40&md5=542b8b867240b85021912fc445e6a32c

AFFILIATIONS: School of Resources and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, Henan, China; China Institute of Geo-Environment Monitoring, Beijing, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: The temporal and spatial development law of regional geohazards is the result of the joint action of internal and external geological forces, which are relatively stable within a large area. Therefore, the source, magnitude and occurrence time of earthquakes are the main factors affecting the temporal and spatial development law of regional geohazards. In order to study the impact of "5·12" Wenchuan earthquake on the spatial and temporal development of geohazards in Sichuan Province, based on the data of landslide, collapse, debris flow, earthquake and rainfall from 1998 to 2018, the spatial and temporal characteristics of major geohazards in Sichuan Province around the Wenchuan earthquake were analyzed by mathematical statistics and spatial analysis methods, The results show that: (1) Activity in major disasters in Sichuan Province shows cycles, under normal circumstances, it presents a small cycle of about 3 years, after the earthquake geohazards increased year by year, to the peak of 4a, then decreased year by year; the impact is not obvious after 8 years; (2) The relative intensity of major geohazards has little change after the earthquake, but the activity and intensity of geohazards are not corresponding before the earthquake. In the geomorphic division, the largest number of geohazards is in Sichuan Basin, and the most active is in Northwest Sichuan Plateau. Compared with that before the earthquake, the occurrence of geohazards in the quaternary system is higher than that in the hard rock area. The geohazards in the tectonic zones have obvious zoning characteristics. The earthquake intensity of the Yangtze quasi-platform is much greater than that of the Songpan-Ganzi geosynclinal fold system before and after the earthquake, but the disaster activity is obviously weaker than that of the Songpan-Ganzi geosynclinal fold system, and the basic structural units have similar characteristics. © 2024 Editorial Department of Science and Technology of Food Science. All rights reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: "5·12" Whenchuan earthquake; activity of geohazards; geohazards; intensity of geohazards; temporal and spatial development
REFERENCES: Chinese Geological Education, (2008); 
Seismic Geology, (2008); 
Chemical Enterprise Management, (2018); 
China Earthquake Engineering Journal, (2018); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2013); 
Huang, Runqiu, Research on development and distribution rules of geohazards induced by Wenchuan earthquake on 12th May, 2008, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 27, 12, pp. 2585-2592, (2008); 
J Catastrophol, (2015); 
Journal of Remote Sensing, (2009); 
Fan, Xuanmei, Earthquake-Induced Chains of Geologic Hazards: Patterns, Mechanisms, and Impacts, Reviews of Geophysics, 57, 2, pp. 421-503, (2019); 
Earth Science Frontiers, (2009)
PUBLISHER: Editorial Department of Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Guo, X., Li, Y., Chen, X., Zhang, J., Sun, Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Guo, Xiaojun (55636231600); Li, Yong (56044366400); Chen, Xingchang (36618704600); Zhang, Ju (57221933455); Sun, Yuqing (58042543700)
55636231600; 56044366400; 36618704600; 57221933455; 58042543700
Variation of debris flow/flood formation conditions at the watershed scale in the Wenchuan Earthquake area
(2021) Landslides, 18 (7), pp. 2427 - 2443, Cited 11 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s10346-021-01644-2
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85110875297&doi=10.1007%2Fs10346-021-01644-2&partnerID=40&md5=c773a63cb88bc74525ff1eb76bdb034e

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; CAS Center for Excellence & Innovation in Tibetan Plateau Earth System Sciences, Shantou, Beijing, China; School of Environment and Resource, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: A channelized debris flow/flood generally originates from initial gully erosion by superficial runoff that evolves rapidly into massive erosion of the channel bed. Knowledge of the formation conditions of such events is crucial for accurate forecasting, and determination of rainfall and runoff thresholds for such hazards is a primary concern following a strong earthquake. This work proposed a framework for debris flow/flood formation at the watershed scale in two watersheds (area: 2.4 and 32.4 km2) in the Wenchuan Earthquake area (China). The critical runoff and rainfall conditions required for debris flow/flood formation were simulated and their annual variations investigated. Ultimately, the runoff conditions required for debris flow/flood formation in the two studied watersheds were calculated on an annual basis and found to increase in time. Similarly, following consideration of three different rainfall types, critical rainfall conditions were proposed that also showed an increasing tendency. The increase of rainfall and runoff conditions for debris flow/flood formation is attributable to both the recovery of vegetation and the reduction of source materials. In comparison with actual monitored flow behaviors and previously proposed rainfall thresholds, the results showed strong consistency and high forecasting efficiency. © 2021, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flow/flood formation; Rainfall threshold; Revegetation; Runoff condition; Wenchuan Earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Debris; Earthquakes; Erosion; Rain; Watersheds; Forecasting efficiencies; Formation condition; Rainfall and runoffs; Rainfall condition; Rainfall thresholds; Strong consistency; Strong earthquakes; Wenchuan Earthquake; Runoff; debris flow; flood; gully erosion; rainfall-runoff modeling; watershed; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Abancó, Clàudia, Estimate of the debris-flow entrainment using field and topographical data, Natural Hazards, 71, 1, pp. 363-383, (2014); 
Abancó, Clàudia, Critical rainfall conditions for the initiation of torrential flows. Results from the Rebaixader catchment (Central Pyrenees), Journal of Hydrology, 541, pp. 218-229, (2016); 
Aleotti, Pietro, A warning system for rainfall-induced shallow failures, Engineering Geology, 73, 3-4, pp. 247-265, (2004); 
Badoux, Alexandre, Rainfall intensity-duration thresholds for bedload transport initiation in small Alpine watersheds, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 12, 10, pp. 3091-3108, (2012); 
Bardou, Éric, Debris flows as a factor of hillslope evolution controlled by a continuous or a pulse process?, Geological Society Special Publication, 296, pp. 63-78, (2008); 
Berti, Matteo, Experimental evidences and numerical modelling of debris flow initiated by channel runoff, Landslides, 2, 3, pp. 171-182, (2005); 
Berti, Matteo, Probabilistic rainfall thresholds for landslide occurrence using a Bayesian approach, Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 117, 4, (2012); 
Bovis, Michael J., The role of debris supply conditions in predicting debris flow activity, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 24, 11, pp. 1039-1054, (1999); 
Brenna, Andrea, Sediment–water flows in mountain streams: Recognition and classification based on field evidence, Geomorphology, 371, (2020); 
Caine, Nel, The rainfall intensity-duration control of shallow landslides and debris flows., Geografiska Annaler, Series A: Physical Geography, 62, 1-2, pp. 23-27, (1980)
PUBLISHER: Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wang, X., Li, S., Liu, H., Liu, L., Liu, Y., Zeng, S., Tang, Q.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wang, Xiao (57202370085); Li, Shaoda (7409244630); Liu, Hanhu (9240308700); Liu, Liang (57199086626); Liu, Yanyan (57201931609); Zeng, Sen (56517518800); Tang, Qimin (57223866648)
57202370085; 7409244630; 9240308700; 57199086626; 57201931609; 56517518800; 57223866648
Landslide susceptibility assessment in Wenchuan County after the 5.12 magnitude earthquake
(2021) Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 80 (7), pp. 5369 - 5390, Cited 20 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s10064-021-02280-9
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85106303182&doi=10.1007%2Fs10064-021-02280-9&partnerID=40&md5=5f10cf1686e696ea37d8d04f74240acb

AFFILIATIONS: College of Earth Sciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Emergency Centre, Guangzhou Huake Environmental Protection Engineering Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
ABSTRACT: Wenchuan was designated as one of the earthquake-stricken areas after the 2008 5.12-magnitude Wenchuan earthquake. During the decade following the earthquake, many post-earthquake landslides have occurred, seriously threatening the property of the local population’s lives and property. At present, there are few long-term spatiotemporal changes studies on landslides generated after the earthquake. The main aim of the present study is to use Landsat multi-period remote sensing image data, combined with post-earthquake landslide interpretation point data, to extract landslide point information from 2011, 2014, and 2018 to analyze the spatial evolution of landslides and define reliable susceptibility models for landslides in 2018 using an assessed certainty factor (CF), an integrated CF with random forest (RF), and an integrated CF with logistic regression (LR). The area under cure (AUC) was used to test the accuracy of the three models and obtain the most reflective susceptibility map. The results show that the RF-CF model produced the optimal result in terms of its AUC value (0.84). Over the past decade, the high-density area has become more concentrated than that of other grades and its coverage small, and its proportion has gradually decreased; the proportion of landslides in low-density areas has been increasing, and its distribution has become more concentrated. These research results fill the gap in the study of temporal and spatial changes in landslides after an earthquake and provide a scientific basis for disaster management and prediction in landslide-prone areas such as Wenchuan. © 2021, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Certainty factor; Landslides; Logistic regression; Random forest; Susceptibility evaluation; Wenchuan
INDEX KEYWORDS: Decision trees; Disaster prevention; Disasters; Landslides; Logistic regression; Remote sensing; Certainty factors; Disaster management; Landslide susceptibility assessments; Landslide-prone areas; Remote sensing images; Spatio-temporal changes; Temporal and spatial changes; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes; assessment method; earthquake event; earthquake magnitude; ground motion; landslide; regression analysis; spatiotemporal analysis; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Althuwaynee, Omar F., A novel ensemble decision tree-based CHi-squared Automatic Interaction Detection (CHAID) and multivariate logistic regression models in landslide susceptibility mapping, Landslides, 11, 6, pp. 1063-1078, (2014); 
Assilzadeh, Hamid, Landslide catastrophes and disaster risk reduction: A GIS framework for landslide prevention and management, Remote Sensing, 2, 9, pp. 2259-2273, (2010); 
Balek, Jan, A critical evaluation of the use of an inexpensive camera mounted on a recreational unmanned aerial vehicle as a tool for landslide research, Landslides, 14, 3, pp. 1217-1224, (2017); 
Ndvi Spatio Temporal Patterns and Climatic Controls Over Northern Patagonia Ecosystems, (2019); 
Broeckx, Jente, A data-based landslide susceptibility map of Africa, Earth-Science Reviews, 185, pp. 102-121, (2018); 
Budimir, M. E.A., A systematic review of landslide probability mapping using logistic regression, Landslides, 12, 3, pp. 419-436, (2015); 
Chauhan, Shivani, Landslide susceptibility zonation of the Chamoli region, Garhwal Himalayas, using logistic regression model, Landslides, 7, 4, pp. 411-423, (2010); 
Chen, Wei, Performance evaluation of GIS-based new ensemble data mining techniques of adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) with genetic algorithm (GA), differential evolution (DE), and particle swarm optimization (PSO) for landslide spatial modelling, Catena, 157, pp. 310-324, (2017); 
Chen, Wei, Landslide susceptibility modeling using integrated ensemble weights of evidence with logistic regression and random forest models, Applied Sciences (Switzerland), 9, 1, (2019); 
Chen, Wei, Performance evaluation of the GIS-based data mining techniques of best-first decision tree, random forest, and naïve Bayes tree for landslide susceptibility modeling, Science of the Total Environment, 644, pp. 1006-1018, (2018)
PUBLISHER: Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Chen, X.-L., Lan, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Chen, Xiaoli (8346444100); Lan, Jian (57208618720)
8346444100; 57208618720
Impact of slope stability changes on landslide activity near the epicenter of the 2008 Wenchuan Ms8.0 earthquake, China
(2021) Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 80 (7), pp. 5259 - 5270, Cited 6 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s10064-021-02147-z
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85105386045&doi=10.1007%2Fs10064-021-02147-z&partnerID=40&md5=12c9905b6e71efbdcb07c6410ef1eff0

AFFILIATIONS: China Earthquake Administration, Beijing, China; Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Strong earthquakes in mountainous regions can trigger massive landslides, and not just during the period of shaking. This study uses a time series of remote images to better understand the distribution of landslides near the epicenter of the 2008 Wenchuan Ms8.0 earthquake. We use multi-year high-resolution satellite images to interpret landslides and establish landslide inventories spanning from 2008 to 2019. Based on differencing pre-earthquake and post-earthquake digital elevation models (DEMs), we calculate the factor of safety (F<inf>s</inf>, i.e., resisting forces versus driving forces) of slopes using a simplified Newmark model. Results show that landslide occurrence highly relies on slope stability, demonstrated by both co-seismic and post-seismic landslide mapping. According to the F<inf>s</inf> analysis, which is closely related to the gradual slope change after the earthquake, most slopes within the study area stabilized after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, consistent with the decreasing trend of the landslide activity level. However, due to lithologic variation, the changes of post-earthquake slope stability may differ with landscape features in various regions and result in different geologic hazards. Thus, we highlight the necessity of continuous post-seismic monitoring and analysis of slope stability in different affected regions. The results of this work provide useful information for post-seismic infrastructure reconstruction and future earthquake disaster prevention in mountainous areas. © 2021, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Co-seismic landslides; Newmark model; Post-seismic landslides; Remote sensing; Slope stability
INDEX KEYWORDS: Disaster prevention; Landslides; Safety factor; Slope protection; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Digital elevation model; Earthquake disaster; High resolution satellite images; Infrastructure reconstruction; Landslide inventories; Mountainous regions; Seismic landslides; Earthquakes; dynamic response; earthquake magnitude; earthquake trigger; landslide; remote sensing; seismic response; Sichuan earthquake 2008; slope failure; slope stability; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Journal of Geophysical Research, (1974); 
Bishop, Alan W., The use of the slip circle in the stability analysis of slopes, Geotechnique, 5, 1, pp. 7-17, (1955); 
Brenguier, Florent, Postseismic relaxation along the San Andreas fault at Parkfield from continuous seismological observations, Science, 321, 5895, pp. 1478-1481, (2008); 
Castelli, Francesco, Landsliding events triggered by rainfalls in the enna area (South Italy), 2, pp. 39-47, (2013); 
Chang, Chengjung, Seismic displacements in slopes by limit analysis, Journal of Geotechcnical Engineering, 110, 7, pp. 860-874, (1984); 
Chen, Hongxin, A physically-based distributed cell model for predicting regional rainfall-induced shallow slope failures, Engineering Geology, 176, pp. 79-92, (2014); 
Chen, Ming, The long-term evolution of landslide activity near the epicentral area of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China, Geomorphology, 367, (2020); 
Chen, Xiaoli, The relationship between the slope angle and the landslide size derived from limit equilibrium simulations, Geomorphology, 253, pp. 547-550, (2016); 
Chen, Xiaoli, A method for quick assessment of earthquake-triggered landslide hazards: a case study of the Mw6.1 2014 Ludian, China earthquake, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 78, 4, pp. 2449-2458, (2019); 
Chigira, Masahiro, Geological causes and geomorphological precursors of the Tsaoling landslide triggered by the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake, Taiwan, Engineering Geology, 68, 3-4, pp. 259-273, (2003)
PUBLISHER: Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Duan, Y., Di, B., Ustin, S.L., Xu, C., Xie, Q., Wu, S., Li, J., Zhang, R.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Duan, Yanan (57222811322); Di, Baofeng (14057800700); Ustin, Susan L. (35570142700); Xu, Chong (35184309900); Xie, Qiang (57222814013); Wu, Shaolin (57215536172); Li, Jierui (57210391283); Zhang, Ruixing (57204142808)
57222811322; 14057800700; 35570142700; 35184309900; 57222814013; 57215536172; 57210391283; 57204142808
Changes in ecosystem services in a montane landscape impacted by major earthquakes: A case study in Wenchuan earthquake-affected area, China
(2021) Ecological Indicators, 126, art. no. 107683, Cited 27 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.107683
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85104077356&doi=10.1016%2Fj.ecolind.2021.107683&partnerID=40&md5=b7505026d4c527fc425c1b359c62dbbc

AFFILIATIONS: College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong; University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States; National Institute of Natural Hazards, Ministry of Emergency Management of China, Beijing, Beijing, China; Sichuan Academy of Environmental Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Earthquakes are one of the most serious natural disasters, threatening ecological balance and security. Ecosystem services (ESs) reflect the multiple functions of an ecosystem. However, based on catastrophic disasters, the contributions of various factors to ESs recovery have not been previously quantified. We follow recovery after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake to gain insight into these processes. To quantify ESs, biophysical models were applied, including scenario simulation and Geodetector methods that were used to explore the driving forces. We concluded as follows: in overall study area, ESs showed an insignificant but undulating increase from 2001 to 2017, indicating the earthquake had slight but long-term effects. In the vegetated areas denuded by co-seismic landslides, the loss in ESs was twice that in non-denuded areas, and the damaged ESs did not recover to pre-earthquake levels by 2017. Overall, climate change was the main driving force, and the factors directly related to local climate had a more obvious impact on ESs especially elevation and geomorphic types. More than three quarters of study area showed ESs increases, with climate (accounting for 40.26%) and its multiple interactions with non-climate factors (accounting for 45.91%) contributed the most to ESs restoration, respectively at low elevations and in the subalpine mountains. Nearly a quarter of the study area was still degraded, of which the proportion of the area representing non-climate-driven factors had increased (accounting for 20.68%). The intensity of ESs degradation mainly concentrated in XI and X regions where co-seismic landslides were dense, which was one of the most influential non-climate factors. We therefore recommend that in the post-disaster reconstruction stage, more attention should be paid to restoration and maintenance of ecological service functions in areas with frequent secondary disasters, so as to maximize the benefits of post-disaster reconstruction projects and seek socio-economic and ecological environment collaborative development. © 2021 The Author(s)
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Climate; Driving forces; Earthquake; Ecosystem services; Human activities
INDEX KEYWORDS: Climate change; Earthquakes; Ecosystems; Landslides; Recovery; Restoration; Case-studies; Climate; Climate factors; Driving forces; Earthquake; Ecosystem services; Human activities; Post-disaster reconstruction; Seismic landslides; Study areas; Disasters; anthropogenic effect; climate change; coseismic process; earthquake; earthquake damage; ecosystem service; environmental degradation; landscape change; mountain environment; natural disaster; recovery plan; Sichuan earthquake 2008; simulation; China
REFERENCES: Baniya, Binod, Vegetation dynamics and ecosystem service values changes at national and provincial scales in Nepal from 2000 to 2017, Environmental Development, 32, (2019); 
Bull Chin Acad Sci, (2008); 
Bao, Weikai, Ecological degradation in the Wenchuan Earthquake seriously affected region in Sichuan, China, Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology, 14, 4, pp. 441-444, (2008); 
Barral, María Paula, Land-use planning based on ecosystem service assessment: A case study in the Southeast Pampas of Argentina, Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 154, pp. 34-43, (2012); 
Campbell, Elliott T., Spatial modeling of the biophysical and economic values of ecosystem services in Maryland, USA, Ecosystem Services, 43, (2020); 
Carreño, Lorena V., Tradeoffs between economic and ecosystem services in Argentina during 50 years of land-use change, Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 154, pp. 68-77, (2012); 
undefined, (2008); 
Chen, Feng, Ecological risk assessment based on terrestrial ecosystem services in China, Dili Xuebao/Acta Geographica Sinica, 74, 3, pp. 432-445, (2019); 
Chen, Ming, The long-term evolution of landslide activity near the epicentral area of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China, Geomorphology, 367, (2020); 
Acta Ecologica Sinica, (2012)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS; GREEN ACCEPTED OPEN ACCESS; GREEN OPEN ACCESS

Zhang, L., Yang, D., Zhou, Y., Liu, P.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhang, Luming (58859996900); Yang, Dong (58859748000); Zhou, Yong (58859748100); Liu, Peng (58860247400)
58859996900; 58859748000; 58859748100; 58860247400
Genetic Model, Outbreak Features and Prevention of Post-seismic Deep-cut Trough-type Debris Flow： An Example from Yazhagou of Jiuzhaigou, Sichuan Province 震后深切拉槽型泥石流成因模式 、暴发特点与防 治 ：以四川九寨沟牙扎沟为例
(2021) Geoscience, 35 (3), pp. 744 - 752, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.19657/j.geoscience.1000-8527.2020.034
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85183897420&doi=10.19657%2Fj.geoscience.1000-8527.2020.034&partnerID=40&md5=a83bb3d56314b1f2e55370104ad0bf26

AFFILIATIONS: Ltd, Chengdu, China; Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Taking the Yazhagou debris flow in Jiuzhaigou earthquake area of Sichuan as an example, the outbreak features, the critical rainfall and the origin are studied in detail through geological surveys and historical data analysis. Based on the analysis of the formation cause, the corresponding prevention and control schemes are proposed. The results show that the debris flow is featured by being concealed, sudden, and destructive, with strong sediment transport capacity. The critical rainfall of debris flow outbreak is only half of that before the 12th May Wenchuan Earthquake, and no debris flow was reported in this area since 2014, indicating that the critical rainfall has a gradual recovery trend. Short bursts of heavy rainfall, deep-cut trough-type material supply, and elevated-steep topography are the root causes of the debris flow outbreak. The debris-flow genetic model includes the components of rainfall seepage, saturated rock and soil, mountain flood impact, deep-cut trough, headward erosion, scour erosion, bank erosion collapse, suspension and rolling. Controlling of Yazhagou debris flow in the earthquake area requires the protection standard and optimization of the control structure. Effective prevention and controlling method require mainly source control supplemented with debris obstruction. Our findings provide reference for the prevention and early warning of similar debris flows across the region. © China University of Geosciences.All rights reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: critical rainfall; deep-trough debris flow; genetic model; Jiuzhaigou area; outbreak feature
REFERENCES: Shieh, Cheng-Lun Lun, Variability in rainfall threshold for debris flow after the Chi-Chi earthquake in central Taiwan, China, International Journal of Sediment Research, 24, 2, pp. 177-188, (2009)
PUBLISHER: China University of Geosciences
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Hu, W., Li, Y., Gou, H., van Asch, T.W.J., Gao, X., Zheng, Y., Xin, C.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Hu, Wei (42361224100); Li, Yan (55870385700); Gou, Huaixiao (57222603188); van Asch, Theodore W.J. (6701661708); Gao, Xin (59620742400); Zheng, Yangshuai (57217144312); Xin, Chunlei (56127349900)
42361224100; 55870385700; 57222603188; 6701661708; 59620742400; 57217144312; 56127349900
Hydraulic properties of co-seismic landslide deposits around the Wenchuan earthquake epicentre: Large-scale column experiments
(2021) Engineering Geology, 287, art. no. 106102, Cited 10 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2021.106102
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85103389652&doi=10.1016%2Fj.enggeo.2021.106102&partnerID=40&md5=d2e885971a3c8f3058361530dc853021

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Faculty of Geosciences, Universiteit Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
ABSTRACT: The co-seismic landslides and rock avalanches caused by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake generated numerous poorly consolidated deposits over a vast area. Rainfall-induced initiation and remobilization of these deposits have resulted in many post-earthquake disasters, such as rapid erosion, flow slides, and debris flows, threatening the local residents. The hydraulic properties of the deposits dominate the evolution of the soil moisture in the slope during rainfall, consequently affecting the initiation and failure types of these geo-disasters. Thus, laboratory tests and infiltration experiments were conducted with material from co-seismic landslide deposits in the Wenjia Gully near the Wenchuan earthquake epicentre. The soil-water characteristic curve (SWCC) of the co-seismic deposit material was determined by a pressure plate extractor and tensiometers. Then, a series of large-scale soil column experiments were conducted with the materials. The results of the experiments showed a relatively high permeability and low matric suction of the co-seismic deposit compared with other soils. The infiltration characteristics of the deposit material with different initial water contents, compactness, and fine particle contents were also analysed and compared. A linear solution of the Green and Ampt equation was employed to estimate the infiltration rate in the deposit during rainfall events, which fit the results of the experiments well. The influence of matric suction on the water absorption and retention capacity was obvious when the moisture content was less than 5%, resulting in a variable evaporation rate and a soil-water hysteresis phenomenon. The results of this study provide reliable experimental evidence with which to evaluate the distribution and evolution of soil moisture in landslide deposits, which is significant for geo-hazard assessments and mitigation works. © 2021
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Co-seismic landslide deposit; Infiltration; Large-scale column experiment; Wenchuan earthquake; Wetting front
INDEX KEYWORDS: Disasters; Earthquakes; Infiltration; Landslides; Rain; Soil moisture; Soil testing; Water absorption; %moisture; Co-seismic landslide deposit; Earthquake epicenter; Hydraulic properties; Landslide deposits; Large-scale column experiment; Large-scales; Seismic landslides; Wenchuan Earthquake; Wetting fronts; Deposits; column; coseismic process; earthquake epicenter; hydraulic property; infiltration; landslide; Sichuan earthquake 2008; wetting front; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: An, Ni, Effects of soil characteristics on moisture evaporation, Engineering Geology, 239, pp. 126-135, (2018); 
Advances in Environmental Geotechnics, (2010); 
Cho, Sungeun, Infiltration analysis to evaluate the surficial stability of two-layered slopes considering rainfall characteristics, Engineering Geology, 105, 1-2, pp. 32-43, (2009); 
Dou, Hongqiang, Probabilistic slope stability analysis considering the variability of hydraulic conductivity under rainfall infiltration-redistribution conditions, Engineering Geology, 183, pp. 1-13, (2014); 
Gill, Baljinder Singh, Evaporation from soil in relation to residue rate, mixing depth, soil texture and evaporativity, Soil Technology, 8, 4, pp. 293-301, (1996); 
J Agric Sci, (1911); 
Hou, Xiaokun, Water infiltration characteristics in loess associated with irrigation activities and its influence on the slope stability in Heifangtai loess highland, China, Engineering Geology, 234, pp. 27-37, (2018); 
Hu, Wei, Experimental study on the initiation of debris flow, 2, pp. 1295-1298, (2014); 
Hu, Wei, Sensitivity of the initiation of debris flow to initial soil moisture, Landslides, 12, 6, pp. 1139-1145, (2015); 
Hu, Wei, Seismic precursor to instability induced by internal erosion in loose granular slopes, Geotechnique, 68, 11, pp. 989-1001, (2018)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Liu, X., Su, P., Li, Y., Xu, R., Zhang, J., Yang, T., Guo, X., Jiang, N.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Liu, Xuemei (57224132868); Su, Pengcheng (55234493100); Li, Yong (56044366400); Xu, Rui (57220639448); Zhang, Jun (57216517095); Yang, Taiqiang (57193514539); Guo, Xiaojun (55636231600); Jiang, Ning (57221781512)
57224132868; 55234493100; 56044366400; 57220639448; 57216517095; 57193514539; 55636231600; 57221781512
Spatial Patterns and Scaling Distributions of Earthquake-Induced Landslides—A Case Study of Landslides in Watersheds Along Dujiangyan–Wenchuan Highway
(2021) Frontiers in Earth Science, 9, art. no. 659152, Cited 6 times.
DOI: 10.3389/feart.2021.659152
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85108668571&doi=10.3389%2Ffeart.2021.659152&partnerID=40&md5=036acaafda6d30598fa5eac217dca6e4

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Sichuan Earthquake Administration, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: Earthquake-induced landslide has various spatial characteristics that can be effectively described with the frequency–area curve. Nevertheless, the widely used power-law curve does not reflect well the spatial features of the distribution, and the power exponent does not show the association with the background factors. There is a lack of standards for building the relationship, and its implication on the spatial distribution of landslides has never been analyzed. In this study, we propose a new form of frequency distribution and explore the parameters in the typical watersheds along the highway from Dujiangyan to Wenchuan in the Wenchuan earthquake region. The obtained parameters are related to the landslide density and proportions of the large-scale landslides. Furthermore, a hot spot analysis of landslides in the watersheds is conducted to assess the relationship between the parameters and the spatial cluster patterns of landslides. The hot spots highlight the size and distance of landslide areas that cluster together, whereas the distribution parameters reflect the density and proportions of landslides. This research introduces a new method to analyze the distribution of landslides and their association with the spatial features, which can be applied to the landslide distribution in relation to other influential factors. © Copyright © 2021 Liu, Su, Li, Xu, Zhang, Yang, Guo and Jiang.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: earthquake landslide; frequency curve; hot spot analysis; scaling distribution; spatial pattern
INDEX KEYWORDS: Earthquakes; Spatial distribution; Spatial variables measurement; Watersheds; Case-studies; Earthquake landslide; Earthquake-induced landslides; Frequency curve; Hot spot analyse; Hotspots; Scaling distributions; Spatial features; Spatial patterns; Spatial scaling; Landslides; earthquake mechanism; landslide; research work; scale effect; seismicity; Sichuan earthquake 2008; spatial analysis; spatial distribution; watershed; China; Dujiangyan; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Brardinoni, Francesco, Representing the landslide magnitude-frequency relation: Capilano River basin, British Columbia, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 29, 1, pp. 115-124, (2004); 
US Geological Survey Open File Report, (2001); 
Proceedings 1st Plinius Conference on Mediterranean Storms, (2000); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2013); 
Corominas, Jordi, A review of assessing landslide frequency for hazard zoning purposes, Engineering Geology, 102, 3-4, pp. 193-213, (2008); 
Fan, Xuanmei, Spatio-temporal evolution of mass wasting after the 2008 Mw 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake revealed by a detailed multi-temporal inventory, Landslides, 15, 12, pp. 2325-2341, (2018); 
Journal of the Seismological Society of Japan, (1969); 
Görüm, Tolga, Distribution pattern of earthquake-induced landslides triggered by the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Geomorphology, 133, 3-4, pp. 152-167, (2011); 
Study on Risk Assessment of Landslide Disasters in Yunnan Province, (2018); 
Guthrie, R. H., Magnitude and frequency of landslides triggered by a storm event, Loughborough Inlet, British Columbia, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 4, 3, pp. 475-483, (2004)
PUBLISHER: Frontiers Media SA
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Liu, S., Hu, K., Zhang, Q., Zhang, S., Hu, X., Tang, D.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Liu, Shuang (59157702500); Hu, Kaiheng (55648903800); Zhang, Qun (59855465400); Zhang, Shaojie (35249906100); Hu, Xudong (57204681802); Tang, Desheng (56660212400)
59157702500; 55648903800; 59855465400; 35249906100; 57204681802; 56660212400
Quantitative Analysis of the Effects of an Earthquake on Rainfall Thresholds for Triggering Debris-Flow Events
(2021) Frontiers in Earth Science, 9, art. no. 676470, Cited 10 times.
DOI: 10.3389/feart.2021.676470
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85107990607&doi=10.3389%2Ffeart.2021.676470&partnerID=40&md5=a5e22ccc356326f847d974af9e431790

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Sichuan Institute of Land and Space Ecological Restoration and Geological Hazard Prevention, Chengdu, China; College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Qingdao, Shandong, China; China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China
ABSTRACT: The impacts of destructive earthquakes on rainfall thresholds for triggering the debris flows have not yet been well investigated, due to lacks of data. In this study, we have collected the debris-flow records from the Wenchuan, Lushan, and Jiuzhaigou earthquake-affected areas in Sichuan Province, China. By using a meteorological dataset with 3 h and 0.1° resolutions, the dimensionless effective rainfall and rainfall intensity-duration relationships were calculated as the possible thresholds for triggering the debris flows. The pre- and post-seismic thresholds were compared to evaluate the impacts of the various intensities of earthquakes. Our results indicate that the post-quake thresholds are much smaller than the pre-seismic ones. The dimensionless effective rainfall shows the impacts of the Wenchuan, Lushan, and Jiuzhaigou earthquakes to be ca. 26, 27, and 16%, respectively. The Wenchuan earthquake has the most significant effect on lowering the rainfall intensity-duration curve. Rainfall threshold changes related to the moment magnitude and focal depth are discussed as well. Generally, this work may lead to an improved post-quake debris-flow warning strategy especially in sparsely instrumented regions. © Copyright © 2021 Liu, Hu, Zhang, Zhang, Hu and Tang.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: debris flows; disaster prevention; early warning; regional rainfall threshold; seismic effects
INDEX KEYWORDS: Debris; Disaster prevention; Rain; Affected area; Debris flows; Early warning; Effective rainfall; Flow events; Rainfall intensity durations; Rainfall thresholds; Regional rainfall threshold; Seismic effect; Sichuan province; Earthquakes; debris flow; disaster management; earthquake event; earthquake intensity; hazard assessment; quantitative analysis; rainfall; seismic response; seismicity; Sichuan earthquake 2008; threshold; trigger mechanism; China; Jiuzhaigou National Park; Lushan [Sichuan]; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Berti, Matteo, Physical Interpretation of Rainfall Thresholds or Runoff-Generated Debris Flows, Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 125, 6, (2020); 
Caine, Nel, The rainfall intensity-duration control of shallow landslides and debris flows., Geografiska Annaler, Series A: Physical Geography, 62, 1-2, pp. 23-27, (1980); 
Carr, Nicholas J., The influence of surface and precipitation characteristics on TRMM microwave imager rainfall retrieval uncertainty, Journal of Hydrometeorology, 16, 4, pp. 1596-1614, (2015); 
Chen, Hongey, The impact of landslide and debris flows triggered by Typhoon Mindulle in Taiwan, Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology, 38, 3, pp. 301-304, (2005); 
Chen, Jinnchyi, Variability of impact of earthquake on debris-flow triggering conditions: Case study of Chen-Yu-Lan watershed, Taiwan, Environmental Earth Sciences, 64, 7, pp. 1787-1794, (2011); 
Cui, Peng, The Wenchuan Earthquake (May 12, 2008), Sichuan Province, China, and resulting geohazards, Natural Hazards, 56, 1, pp. 19-36, (2011); 
Cui, Peng, Activity and distribution of geohazards induced by the Lushan earthquake, April 20, 2013, Natural Hazards, 73, 2, pp. 711-726, (2014); 
Fan, Xuanmei, Coseismic landslides triggered by the 8th August 2017 M s 7.0 Jiuzhaigou earthquake (Sichuan, China): factors controlling their spatial distribution and implications for the seismogenic blind fault identification, Landslides, 15, 5, pp. 967-983, (2018); 
Gariano, Stefano Luigi, How much does the rainfall temporal resolution affect rainfall thresholds for landslide triggering?, Natural Hazards, 100, 2, pp. 655-670, (2020); 
Guo, Xiaojun, Debris flows in the Lushan earthquake area: formation characteristics, rainfall conditions, and evolutionary tendency, Natural Hazards, 106, 3, pp. 2663-2687, (2021)
PUBLISHER: Frontiers Media SA
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Li, B., Zhang, H., Ren, F., Li, C.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Li, Baolai (57219986840); Zhang, Hanliang (57204726605); Ren, Fengwen (56119562400); Li, Chunfeng (39161561000)
57219986840; 57204726605; 56119562400; 39161561000
Disaster mechanism of Donghekou landslide in the Ms8.0 Wenchuan earthquake
(2021) IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 768 (1), art. no. 012037, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/768/1/012037
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85106151451&doi=10.1088%2F1755-1315%2F768%2F1%2F012037&partnerID=40&md5=84a6db9ea97bdbd106981b3461eea7f7

AFFILIATIONS: Shaanxi Earthquake Agency, Xi'an, Province, China
ABSTRACT: During the "512"Wenchuan earthquake, Donghekou, which is located at the end of the seismogenic structure, experienced serious collapse and slide, resulting in serious disasters. In this paper, based on the analysis of near-fault strong ground motion records of Wenchuan earthquake, the collection of seismogenic structural data and near-fault structural damage data, the disaster mechanism of Donghekou landslide is studied. The earthquake damage of Donghekou was caused by pulse-like ground motion and the surface rupture along the seismogenic structure. The surface rupture at the far end of Donghekou participated in the formation of the pulse-like ground motion. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.
INDEX KEYWORDS: Disasters; Earthquake effects; Landslides; Earthquake damages; Pulse-like ground motions; Seismogenic structures; Strong ground motion; Structural damages; Structural data; Surface ruptures; Wenchuan Earthquake; Faulting
REFERENCES: Seismology and Geology, (1994); 
Seismogeology, (1999); 
Quaternary Sciences, (2006); 
Chen, Guoguang, Primary research of activity segmentation of Longmenshan fault zone since late-quaternary, Dizhen Dizhi, 29, 3, pp. 657-673, (2007); 
Jia, Qiupeng, Active tectonics in the Longmen thrust belt to the eastern Qinghai-Tibetan plateau and Sichuan Basin: Evidence from topography and seismicity, Scientia Geologica Sinica, 42, 1, pp. 31-44, (2007); 
Geoscience Front, (2010); 
Science in China Series D, (2008); 
Yin, Yueping, Study of stratigraphic site effect on the failure mechanism of Donghekou rockslide triggered by Wenchuan earthquake, Tumu Gongcheng Xuebao/China Civil Engineering Journal, 49, pp. 126-131, (2016); 
Sun, Ping, Experimental study of microstructure and mechanical properties of rocks from Donghekou landslide, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 29, SUPPL. 1, pp. 2872-2878, (2010); 
Study on the Formation Mechanism and Movement Characteristics of Donghekou Landslide D, (2009)
PUBLISHER: IOP Publishing Ltd
CONFERENCE NAME: 2021 6th International Conference on Minerals Source, Geotechnology and Civil Engineering, MSGCE 2021
CONFERENCE DATE: 2021-04-09 through 2021-04-11
CONFERENCE LOCATION: Guangzhou, Virtual
CONFERENCE CODE: 169001
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Yu, H., Gao, R., Yang, L., Li, S., Liu, Y., Lin, Y., Wang, D., Li, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Yu, Hang (57214315934); Gao, Ruoyun (57223958497); Yang, Liusheng (57223991923); Li, Songyang (57216527101); Liu, Ying (57208133978); Lin, Yongming (8869314500); Wang, Daojie (55927225000); Li, Jian (47161257300)
57214315934; 57223958497; 57223991923; 57216527101; 57208133978; 8869314500; 55927225000; 47161257300
Coupling relationship between vegetation and soil in the early stage of ecological restoration after earthquake: a case study of Weizhou Town in Wenchuan County and Hanwang Town in Mianzhu City of Sichuan Province, southwestern China 震后生态恢复初期植被−土壤的耦合关系研究
(2021) Beijing Linye Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 43 (5), pp. 53 - 63, Cited 1 times.
DOI: 10.12171/j.1000-1522.20200289
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85106621584&doi=10.12171%2Fj.1000-1522.20200289&partnerID=40&md5=0be0a9b137d0b6992f3a3654c81098db

AFFILIATIONS: College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Objective: Studying the coupling and coordination relationship between vegetation and soil in the early stage of restoration in different climate regions of the Wenchuan earthquake-affected areas can provide a basis for promoting the ecological restoration and the coordinated development of vegetation-soil system in the disaster disturbed area. Method: In this study, the treated area and undestroyed area of the arid-valley climate region and the subtropical monsoon climate region (AT and AU, ST and SU) were selected as the research objects. We measured twenty-one indexes covering plant and soil, analyzed the main influencing factors and the weights of twenty-one indicators of the four ecosystems in the two climate regions by principal component analysis, and constructed the corresponding model of vegetation-soil coupling coordination degree. Result: SU's D, comprehensive indexes of vegetation and soil were all significantly higher than the other three vegetation-soil systems. AT and ST were both soil lagging development type of primary coordinated development, AU and SU were synchronous development type of vegetation and soil of primary and intermediate-level coordinated development, respectively. The influencing factors of the arid-valley climate region were relatively simple: the main influencing factors of AT were soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, available nitrogen and available phosphorus, and those of AU were plant carbon, nitrogen, potassium and magnesium. The influencing factors of the subtropical monsoon climate region were vegetation-soil influencing factors coexisting: the main influencing factors of ST were species richness, biomass, soil total nitrogen and available nitrogen, and those of SU were vegetation coverage, plant phosphorus, soil available potassium and bacteria. Conclusion: The climate and type of ecological restoration had certain influence on the coupling status of vegetation and soil. The coupling status of vegetation-soil in SU was significantly better than the other three ecosystems. The soil environments of AT and ST were both poor, indicating that nutrient condition of treated areas did not recover to the pre-earthquake level after treatment for seven years. © © 2021 Journal of Beijing Forestry University. All rights reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Coupling relationship; Earthquake-affected area; Ecological restoration; Soil; Vegetation
REFERENCES: Zhang, Jindong, Impact of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake on biodiversity and giant panda habitat in Wolong Nature Reserve, China, Ecological Research, 26, 3, pp. 523-531, (2011); 
Sichuan Forestry Science and Technology, (2017); 
Mount Res, (2020); 
Chinese Journal of Soil Science, (2016); 
Wang, Shijie, Karst rocky desertification in southwestern China: Geomorphology, landuse, impact and rehabilitation, Land Degradation and Development, 15, 2, pp. 115-121, (2004); 
Yang, Ning, Relationships between vegetation characteristics and soil properties at different restoration stages on slope land with purple soils in Hengyang of Hunan Province, South-central China, Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 24, 1, pp. 90-96, (2013); 
Xu, Zhiqin Qin, The most rapid respond to a large earthquake -the Wenchuan earthquake Fault Scientific Drilling Project, Acta Geophysica Sinica, 61, 5, pp. 1666-1679, (2018); 
Sattler, Thomas, Spider, bee, and bird communities in cities are shaped by environmental control and high stochasticity, Ecology, 91, 11, pp. 3343-3353, (2010); 
Stefanowicz, Anna M., Soil fertility and plant diversity enhance microbial performance in metal-polluted soils, Science of the Total Environment, 439, pp. 211-219, (2012); 
Yang, Ning, Changes of soil properties in re-vegetation stages on sloping-land with purple soils in hengyang of Hunan Province, South-central China, Shengtai Xuebao, 34, 10, pp. 2693-2701, (2014)
PUBLISHER: Beijing Forestry University
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wang, J., Zhang, Y., Chen, Y., Wang, Q., Xiang, C., Fu, H., Wang, P., Zhao, J.X., Zhao, L.-H.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wang, Jinmei (55822067200); Zhang, Yingbin Bin (57214256630); Chen, Yanlong (26658841200); Wang, Qingdong (59094011500); Xiang, Chenlin (57209317780); Fu, Haiying (57221382231); Wang, Pan (56746597500); Zhao, John Xingquan (7410313383); Zhao, Lianheng (23098622300)
55822067200; 57214256630; 26658841200; 59094011500; 57209317780; 57221382231; 56746597500; 7410313383; 23098622300
Back-analysis of Donghekou landslide using improved DDA considering joint roughness degradation
(2021) Landslides, 18 (5), pp. 1925 - 1935, Cited 38 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s10346-020-01586-1
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85098977234&doi=10.1007%2Fs10346-020-01586-1&partnerID=40&md5=f4ab2dad22324f984f296704db7bf529

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Geotechnical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan, China; School of Civil Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan, Shandong, China; School of Civil Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
ABSTRACT: Currently, the dynamic behavior of high-speed long-runout landslides triggered by earthquakes remains unclear due to the complexity of such phenomena. Degradation in the shear strength of rock masses is considered a primary factor contributing to the high velocities and long runout distances of these landslides. In this study, the strength degradation induced by changes in rock joint morphology is analyzed considering a numerical model of the Donghekou landslide, by using discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA). First, an exponential joint roughness degradation function (i.e., JRC<inf>m</inf>) that depends on displacement is incorporated with the nonlinear Barton–Bandis (B–B) shear strength criterion, and this modified B–B criterion is combined with the DDA. Moreover, a virtual joint is introduced in the DDA to model the propagation of cracks in intact rock masses, in order to simulate the dynamic phenomenon of earthquake-induced landslides. Subsequently, this improved DDA (IDDA) is validated via simulations of a shear test and a sliding block over an inclined plane. Finally, the IDDA is employed to simulate the Donghekou landslide, which was induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China. Furthermore, the entire dynamic process of the landslide, including crack propagation, instability, initiation, and motion, is depicted. The simulated deposit patterns obtained via the IDDA are in good agreement with the results of field investigations. The simulation results also prove that the IDDA can reflect key movement behaviors of Donghekou landslide and that the degradation of rock joints significantly influences the long runout distance and high velocity of sliding mass. © 2021, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Barton–Bandis criterion; Discontinuous deformation analysis; Dynamic process; Earthquake-induced landside; Joint roughness; Strength degradation
INDEX KEYWORDS: Cracks; Earthquakes; Rock mechanics; Rocks; Shear flow; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Degradation functions; Discontinuous deformation analysis; Earthquake-induced landslides; Propagation of cracks; Shear strength criterions; Shear strength of rock mass; Strength degradation; Landslides; back analysis; crack propagation; displacement; landslide; numerical model; shear strength; shear test; Sichuan earthquake 2008; sliding; China; Donghekou; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Archambault, Guillaume, The evolution of void spaces (permeability) in relation with rock joint shear behavior, International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences and Geomechanics, 34, 3-4, (1997); 
Asadollahi, Pooyan, Constitutive model for rock fractures: Revisiting Barton's empirical model, Engineering Geology, 113, 1-4, pp. 11-32, (2010); 
Barton, Nicholas R., Review of a new shear-strength criterion for rock joints, Engineering Geology, 7, 4, pp. 287-332, (1973); 
Proceedings of the Arma US Rock Mechanics Geomechanics Symposium, (1982); 
Barton, Nicholas R., The shear strength of rock joints in theory and practice, Rock Mechanics, 10, 1-2, pp. 1-54, (1977); 
Handbook of Engineering Geology, (2007); 
Cheng, Xiaolong, Design and implementation of a software architecture for 3D-DDA, Science China Technological Sciences, 58, 9, pp. 1604-1608, (2015); 
Di Toro, Giulio, Fault lubrication during earthquakes, Nature, 471, 7339, pp. 494-499, (2011); 
Ge, Yunfeng, Evaluation for deposit areas of rock avalanche based on features of rock mass structure, Diqiu Kexue - Zhongguo Dizhi Daxue Xuebao/Earth Science - Journal of China University of Geosciences, 41, 9, pp. 1583-1592, (2016); 
Gui, Yang, Modelling Shear Behaviour of Joint Based on Joint Surface Degradation During Shearing, Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 52, 1, pp. 107-131, (2019)
PUBLISHER: Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Huang, Y., Yao, L.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Huang, Yidan (36618861800); Yao, Lingkan (7201688064)
36618861800; 7201688064
Size distribution law of earthquake-Triggered landslides in different seismic intensity zones
(2021) Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics, 28 (2), pp. 167 - 179, Cited 14 times.
DOI: 10.5194/npg-28-167-2021
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85104306515&doi=10.5194%2Fnpg-28-167-2021&partnerID=40&md5=14ff9592b2e80be7d82d0164467a469a

AFFILIATIONS: School of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; MOE Key Laboratory of High-Speed Railway Engineering, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Prevention in Land Transportation, National Engineering Research Center of Geological Disaster Prevention Technology in Land Transportation, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: The Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake in 2008 and Ms 7.0 Lushan earthquake in 2013 produced thousands of landslides in the southern region of the Longmen Mountains in China. We conducted field investigations and analyzed remote sensing data to determine the distribution law of earthquake-Triggered landslides. The results show a strong negative power law relationship between the size and frequency of landslides in VII, VIII, and IX seismic intensity zones, a weak power law in the X seismic intensity zone, and a lognormal distribution in the XI seismic intensity zone. Landslide density increases with increasing seismic intensity. A sandpile cellular automata model was built under the conceptual framework of self-organized criticality theory to simulate earthquake-induced landslides. Data from the simulations demonstrate that, with increasing disturbance intensity, the dynamical mechanism of the sandpile model changes from a strong power law to a weak power law and then to a lognormal distribution. Results from shaking table experiments of a one-sided slope sandpile show that, for peak ground acceleration (PGA) in the range of 0:075 0:125 g, the relation between the amount and frequency of sand follows a negative power law. For PGA between 0:15 and 0:25 g, the relation obeys a lognormal distribution. This verifies that the abovementioned distribution of earthquakeinduced landslides should be a universal law from a physical viewpoint and may apply to other areas. This new perspective may be used to guide the development of an inventory of earthquake-Triggered landslides and provide a scientific basis for their prediction. © 2021 BMJ Publishing Group. All rights reserved.
INDEX KEYWORDS: earthquake intensity; earthquake magnitude; earthquake trigger; landslide; Lushan earthquake 2013; seismic zone; seismicity; Sichuan earthquake 2008; size distribution; China; Longmen Mountains
REFERENCES: Self Organized Criticality in Astrophysics, (2011); 
Aschwanden, Markus J., 25 Years of Self-Organized Criticality: Solar and Astrophysics, Space Science Reviews, 198, 1-4, pp. 47-166, (2016); 
Bak, Per, Self-organized criticality: An explanation of the 1/f noise, Physical Review Letters, 59, 4, pp. 381-384, (1987); 
Bak, Per, Self-organized criticality, Physical Review A - Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics, 38, 1, pp. 364-374, (1988); 
Brunetti, Maria Teresa, Probability distributions of landslide volumes, Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics, 16, 2, pp. 179-188, (2009); 
Carrara, Alberto, Geomorphological and historical data in assessing landslide hazard, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 28, 10, pp. 1125-1142, (2003); 
Catani, Filippo, Landslide hazard and risk mapping at catchment scale in the Arno River basin, Landslides, 2, 4, pp. 329-342, (2005); 
Chen, Chienyuan, Discussion of landslide self-organized criticality and the initiation of debris flow, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 32, 2, pp. 197-209, (2007); 
Dahl, Mads Peter J., Magnitude-frequency characteristics and preparatory factors for spatial debris-slide distribution in the northern Faroe Islands, Geomorphology, 188, pp. 3-11, (2013); 
Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011)
PUBLISHER: Copernicus GmbH
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Li, M., Tang, C., Chen, M., Gong, L.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Li, Mingwei (57222871091); Tang, Chuan (35932953300); Chen, Ming (57199453005); Gong, Lingfeng (57215612725)
57222871091; 35932953300; 57199453005; 57215612725
Formation and Vulnerability Analysis for Debris Flow Occurred on 20 August 2019 in Banzi Catchment, Wenchuan County, Sichuan Province，China 四川省汶川县板子沟 8•20 泥石流成因与易损强度分析
(2021) Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering, 41 (2), pp. 238 - 245, Cited 4 times.
DOI: 10.13409/j.cnki.jdpme.202004071
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85152426027&doi=10.13409%2Fj.cnki.jdpme.202004071&partnerID=40&md5=cc94b3660aa53ed02bafc29657edc6f2

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: On August 20，2019，a large-scale mass landslide disaster occurred in Miansi，Sanjiang，and Shuimo，Wenchuan County，Sichuan Province，causing a large number of casualties and huge economic losses. This paper takes Banzi catchment in Miansi town as an example. Through interpretation and comparative analysis on remote sensing images before and after the 8.20 debris flow disaster，and on account of rainfall data at different altitudes in the watershed acquired by radar，the cause of the 8.20 debris flow disaster in Banzi catchment was analyzed from the perspective of source and rainfall. The FLO-2D numerical simulation method was used for analyzing and calculating the debris flow intensity index，which is the key parameter for the characterization of the debris flow danger. Based on the survey of typical building types in the Banzi catchment，a vulnerability curve was constructed to quantify the vulnerability strength of the affected body. The results show that the hazard and risk of debris flow in the Wenchuan earthquake area are still at a high level. Therefore，the occurrence law and risk of debris flow disaster in the strong earthquake area should be further explored to provide a scientific reference for early warning and effective engineering measures. © 2021 Editorial Office of Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering. All rights reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: debris flow; FLO-2D; formation analysis; vulnerability curve
REFERENCES: Fuchs, Sven, Spatiotemporal dynamics: The need for an innovative approach in mountain hazard risk management, Natural Hazards, 68, 3, pp. 1217-1241, (2013); 
Progress in Geography, (2014); 
Journal of Natural Disasters, (2000); 
Journal of Natural Disasters, (1996); 
Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control, (2001); 
Cutter, Susan C., Social vulnerability to environmental hazards, Social Science Quarterly, 84, 2, pp. 242-261, (2003); 
Journal of Catastrophology, (2005); 
Advance in Earth Sciences, (2012); 
Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering, (2012); 
Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering, (2012)
PUBLISHER: Editorial Office of Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Xiang, M., Yang, J., Yang, W., Wang, C., Duan, L.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Xiang, Mingshun (50662335500); Yang, Jin (24741227200); Yang, Wunian (7407756597); Wang, Chunjian (57218935132); Duan, Linsen (57218939395)
50662335500; 24741227200; 7407756597; 57218935132; 57218939395
Remote sensing dynamic monitoring of eco-water (Layer) conservation spatiotemporal variation in earthquake stricken areas
(2021) Desalination and Water Treatment, 219, pp. 276 - 286, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.5004/dwt.2021.26881
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85105391833&doi=10.5004%2Fdwt.2021.26881&partnerID=40&md5=2e3ab87db9257b0f07cb6f6a32803a73

AFFILIATIONS: College of Tourism and Urban-Rural Planning, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; College of Earth Sciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: Water is the major guarantee for ecological restoration and a virtuous ecological cycle. This study is based on spatial information processing technology and mathematical modeling. The results demonstrate that the overall trend in regional modulus of eco-water conservation (MEC) and quantity of eco-water conservation (QEC) was dropped dramatically and then gradually increased from 2007 to 2017. The restoration process of eco-water conservation capacity cannot match both in time and space. Moreover, there are significant differences in MEC between different land types. Serious destruction of forestland are the leading factors of the 14.27% decrease in MEC of the study area after earthquake. Besides, there is an apparently positive correlation between MEC distribution and slope changes on the whole (p < 0.05), so the earthquake has the greatest impact on MEC if the surface slope is between 15° and 35°. Furthermore, the average MEC in areas below 3,000 m above sea level is higher than in other areas, and the MEC reduction rate after the earthquake is 31.85% higher than the areas above 3,000 m. In addition, the disturbance of MEC around faults was more often than that in other areas. © 2021 Desalination Publications. All rights reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Dynamic change; Eco-water (layer); Ecological restoration; Remote sensing inversion model; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: data inversion; information processing; nature conservation; remote sensing; restoration ecology; Sichuan earthquake 2008; spatiotemporal analysis; water management
REFERENCES: J Chengdu Univ Technol, (2008); 
Yang, Wunian, Novel quantitative measurement of eco-water layer based on quantitative remote sensing, Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience, 12, 9, pp. 2837-2841, (2015); 
Huang, Jin, The influence of eco-water retrieved by quantitative remote sensing on runoff in upper Minjiang River Basin, Earth Sciences Research Journal, 20, 3, pp. E1-E6, (2016); 
Stone, Richard, A deeply scarred land, Science, 324, 5928, pp. 713-714, (2009); 
Ni, Zhongyun, Decreasing trend of geohazards induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake inferred from time series NDVI data, Remote Sensing, 11, 19, (2019); 
Ali, P. Yunus, Decadal vegetation succession from MODIS reveals the spatio-temporal evolution of post-seismic landsliding after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Remote Sensing of Environment, 236, (2020); 
Zeng, Hongcheng, Assessing earthquake-induced tree mortality in temperate forest ecosystems: A case study from wenchuan, china, Remote Sensing, 8, 3, (2016); 
Ecology and Environmental Sciences, (2013); 
Bustamante, Javier, Effect of protection level in the hydroperiod of water bodies on Doñana's aeolian sands, Remote Sensing, 8, 10, (2016); 
Falkenmark, Malin, The new blue and green water paradigm: Breaking new ground for water resources planning and management, Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management - ASCE, 132, 3, pp. 129-132, (2006)
PUBLISHER: Desalination Publications
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Liu, H.-X., Qiu, T., Xu, Q.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Liu, Hangxiang (54389411400); Qiu, Tong (58618176300); Xu, Qiang (56506033600)
54389411400; 58618176300; 56506033600
Dynamic acceleration response of a rock slope with a horizontal weak interlayer in shaking table tests
(2021) PLOS ONE, 16 (4 April), art. no. e0250418, Cited 19 times.
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250418
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85104546322&doi=10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0250418&partnerID=40&md5=8feca2998f306b027466653246601581

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; College of Environment and Civil Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
ABSTRACT: The weak interlayer in a rock slope often plays a significant role in seismic rockslides; however, the effect of weak interlayer on the seismic slope response and damage process is still not fully understood. This study presents a series of shaking test tests on two model slopes containing a horizontal weak interlayer with different thicknesses. A recorded Wenchuan earthquake ground motion was scaled to excite the slopes. Measurements from accelerometers embedded at different elevations of slope surface and slope interior were analyzed and compared. The effect of the weak interlayer thickness on the seismic response was highlighted by a comparative analysis of the two slopes in terms of topographic amplification, peak accelerations, and deformation characteristics as the input amplitude increased. It was found that the structure deterioration and nonlinear response of the slopes were manifested as a time lag of the horizontal accelerations in the upper slope relative to the lower slope and a reduction of resonant frequency and Fourier spectral ratio. Test results show that under horizontal acceleration, both slopes exhibited significant topographic amplification in the upper half, and the difference in amplification between slope face and slope interior was more pronounced in Slope B (with a thin weak interlayer) than in Slope A (with a thick weak interlayer). A four-phased dynamic response process of both slopes was observed. Similar deformation characteristics including development of strong response zone and macro-cracks, vertical settlement, horizontal extrusion and collapse in the upper half were observed in both slopes as the input amplitude increased; however, the deformations were more severe in Slope B than in Slope A, suggesting an energy isolation effect of the thick interlayer in Slope A. ©: © 2021 Liu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
INDEX KEYWORDS: acceleration; Article; controlled study; earthquake; geographic elevation; rock; thickness; topography; landslide; physical phenomena; Acceleration; Earthquakes; Landslides; Physical Phenomena
REFERENCES: Görüm, Tolga, Distribution pattern of earthquake-induced landslides triggered by the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Geomorphology, 133, 3-4, pp. 152-167, (2011); 
Large Scale Landslides Induced by the Wenchuan Earthquake, (2009); 
Cui, Shenghua, On the initiation and movement mechanisms of a catastrophic landslide triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan (Ms 8.0) earthquake in the epicenter area, Landslides, 14, 3, pp. 805-819, (2017); 
Yuan, Renmao, Effect of the acceleration component normal to the sliding surface on earthquake-induced landslide triggering, Landslides, 12, 2, pp. 335-344, (2015); 
Bouckovalas, George D., Numerical evaluation of slope topography effects on seismic ground motion, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 25, 7-10, pp. 547-558, (2005); 
Bozzano, Francesca, Earthquake triggering of landslides in highly jointed rock masses: Reconstruction of the 1783 Scilla rock avalanche (Italy), Geomorphology, 129, 3-4, pp. 294-308, (2011); 
Song, Danqing, Numerical study on seismic response of a rock slope with discontinuities based on the time-frequency joint analysis method, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 133, (2020); 
Asimaki, Domniki, Effects of local soil conditions on the topographic aggravation of seismic motion: Parametric investigation and recorded field evidence from the 1999 Athens earthquake, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 95, 3, pp. 1059-1089, (2005); 
Di Fiore, Vincenzo, Seismic site amplification induced by topographic irregularity: Results of a numerical analysis on 2D synthetic models, Engineering Geology, 114, 3-4, pp. 109-115, (2010); 
Li, Longqi, Seismic wave propagation characteristic and its effects on the failure of steep jointed anti-dip rock slope, Landslides, 16, 1, pp. 105-123, (2019)
PUBLISHER: Public Library of Science
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS; GREEN FINAL OPEN ACCESS; GREEN OPEN ACCESS

Huang, D., Meng, Q.-J., Song, Y.-X., Cui, S., Cen, D.-F.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Huang, Da (55079254000); Meng, Qiujie (57218500103); Song, Yixiang (57190386188); Cui, Shenghua (56660242900); Cen, Duofeng (55624693800)
55079254000; 57218500103; 57190386188; 56660242900; 55624693800
Dynamic process analysis of the Niumiangou landslide triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake using the finite difference method and a modified discontinuous deformation analysis
(2021) Journal of Mountain Science, 18 (4), pp. 1034 - 1048, Cited 12 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11629-020-6188-y
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85104239249&doi=10.1007%2Fs11629-020-6188-y&partnerID=40&md5=b5d93b1801d3709cc0b9cf8bceefff66

AFFILIATIONS: School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China; State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: The Niumiangou landslide was the largest landslide triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, which was significantly affected by the amplification effect of seismic acceleration. The ring-shear experiments indicated that the materials in the source area of the Niumiangou landslide were subjected to friction degradation under a big shear displacement, which may result in rapid movement of the landslide. In order to better understand the landslide movement and study the effect of the friction degradation on movement mechanisms, the dynamic process of Niumiangou landslide was simulated with a new numerical method, which combines the finite difference method (FDM) and the discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA). First, the FDM was used to study the initiation time, amplification effect and velocity of the landslide. Afterwards, these initiation velocities were applied to the blocks in the DDA model by corresponding coordination in the FDM model. A displacement-dependent friction model of the sliding surface was incorporated into DDA code to further understand the kinetic behavior of the landslide. The results show that the displacement-dependent friction strongly decreases the friction coefficient of sliding surface under a big displacement, which can obviously promote the run-out and velocity of landslide. The model output well matches the topographic map formed by the landslide. This implies that the proposed model can be applied to the simulation of earthquake-induced landslides with amplification effect, and the friction degradation model is important to clarify the movement mechanism of high-speed and long-distance landslides. © 2021, Science Press, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, CAS and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Amplification effects; Discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA); Displacement-dependent friction model; Niumiangou landslide; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: deformation mechanism; displacement; finite difference method; landslide; seismic response; seismicity; shear stress; Sichuan earthquake 2008; slope dynamics; trigger mechanism
REFERENCES: Bakun-Mazor, Dagan, Dynamic sliding of tetrahedral wedge: The role of interface friction, International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, 36, 3, pp. 327-343, (2012); 
Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control, (2015); 
Bozzano, Francesca, Earthquake triggering of landslides in highly jointed rock masses: Reconstruction of the 1783 Scilla rock avalanche (Italy), Geomorphology, 129, 3-4, pp. 294-308, (2011); 
Chen, H., Numerical simulation of debris flows, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 37, 1, pp. 146-160, (2000); 
Cheng, Yung Ming, Advancements and improvement in discontinuous deformation analysis, Computers and Geotechnics, 22, 2, pp. 153-163, (1998); 
Cui, Shenghua, On the initiation and movement mechanisms of a catastrophic landslide triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan (Ms 8.0) earthquake in the epicenter area, Landslides, 14, 3, pp. 805-819, (2017); 
Cundall, Peter A., A discrete numerical model for granular assemblies, Geotechnique, 29, 1, pp. 47-65, (1979); 
Di Fiore, Vincenzo, Seismic site amplification induced by topographic irregularity: Results of a numerical analysis on 2D synthetic models, Engineering Geology, 114, 3-4, pp. 109-115, (2010); 
Görüm, Tolga, Distribution pattern of earthquake-induced landslides triggered by the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Geomorphology, 133, 3-4, pp. 152-167, (2011); 
Hatzor, Yossef H., Dynamic stability analysis of jointed rock slopes using the DDA method: King Herod's Palace, Masada, Israel, International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 41, 5, pp. 813-832, (2004)
PUBLISHER: Science Press
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Shi, Q., Tang, C., Gong, L., Chen, M., Li, N., Zhou, W., Xiong, J., Tang, H., Wang, X., Li, M.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Shi, Qingyun (57217257328); Tang, Chuan (35932953300); Gong, Lingfeng (57215612725); Chen, Ming (57199453005); Li, Ning (57211181445); Zhou, Wei (55443778400); Xiong, Jiang (57217517892); Tang, Hai (57216781878); Wang, Xiaodi (59292164400); Li, Mingwei (57222871091)
57217257328; 35932953300; 57215612725; 57199453005; 57211181445; 55443778400; 57217517892; 57216781878; 59292164400; 57222871091
Activity evolution of landslides and debris flows after the Wenchuan earthquake in the Qipan catchment, Southwest China
(2021) Journal of Mountain Science, 18 (4), pp. 932 - 951, Cited 23 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11629-020-6494-4
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85104129149&doi=10.1007%2Fs11629-020-6494-4&partnerID=40&md5=761ccc6ae5bf5fce246ab4cd14943995

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Chengdu Center of Geological Survey, China Geological Survey, Beijing, Beijing, China; School of Sciences, Xihua University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Sichuan Academy of Environmental Sciences, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: The Wenchuan earthquake that occurred on 12 May 2008 induced numerous landslides. Loose landslide materials were deposited on hillslopes, and deep channels were easily remobilized and transformed into debris flows by extreme rainstorms. Twelve years after the Wenchuan earthquake, debris flows were still active in the Qipangou Ravine in the quake-hit area. In this paper, we continuously tracked the spatiotemporal evolution of the landslides and vegetation restoration and evaluated the evolution of debris flow activity in the Qipan catchment with the aid of a GIS platform and field investigations from 2008 to 2019. We observed that the area with active landslides increased sharply immediately following the earthquake, and then decreased with time; however, the total area of landslides continued to increase from 6.93 km2 in 2008 to 10.55 km2 in 2019. The active landslides shifted towards lower angles and higher elevations after 2013. Since 2009, the vegetation coverage has been gradually increasing and approaching the coverage present before the earthquake as of 2019. The landslide activity was high and the vegetation recovery rates were rapidly rising during the first five years after the earthquake; the recovery rates then slowed over time. Therefore, we divided the evolution that occurred during the post landslide period into an active period (2008–2013), a self-adjustment period (2013–2026) and a stable period (after 2026). We then proposed a quantitative model to determine the trends of landslide activity rates and NDVI values in the catchment, which indicated that the landslide activities and postseismic vegetation restoration rates in this catchment will return to preseismic levels within approximately two decades. We also analysed the runout volumes of the debris flows after the earthquakes (Diexi and Wenchuan) and the standard deviation of the vegetation coverage and predicted that the debris flow activities will last for an additional 50 years or more. © 2021, Science Press, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, CAS and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Evolution of debris flow activity; Qipan catchment; Seismic landslides; Vegetation recovery
INDEX KEYWORDS: debris flow; environmental restoration; GIS; landslide; Sichuan earthquake 2008; temporal evolution; vegetation cover; China
REFERENCES: Chen, Ming, The long-term evolution of landslide activity near the epicentral area of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China, Geomorphology, 367, (2020); 
Cui, Peng, Destruction of vegetation due to geo-hazards and its environmental impacts in the Wenchuan earthquake areas, Ecological Engineering, 44, pp. 61-69, (2012); 
Domènech, Guillem, Modelling the role of material depletion, grain coarsening and revegetation in debris flow occurrences after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Engineering Geology, 250, pp. 34-44, (2019); 
Dou, Jie, Different sampling strategies for predicting landslide susceptibilities are deemed less consequential with deep learning, Science of the Total Environment, 720, (2020); 
Dou, Jie, Evaluating gis-based multiple statistical models and data mining for earthquake and rainfall-induced landslide susceptibility using the lidar dem, Remote Sensing, 11, 6, (2019); 
Fan, Xuanmei, Two multi-temporal datasets that track the enhanced landsliding after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Earth System Science Data, 11, 1, pp. 35-55, (2019); 
Hu, Tao, A catastrophic debris flow in the Wenchuan Earthquake area, July 2013: characteristics, formation, and risk reduction, Journal of Mountain Science, 14, 1, pp. 15-30, (2017); 
Hu, Wei, Initiation processes for run-off generated debris flows in the Wenchuan earthquake area of China, Geomorphology, 253, pp. 468-477, (2016); 
Huang, Runqiu, Post-earthquake landsliding and long-term impacts in the Wenchuan earthquake area, China, Engineering Geology, 182, PB, pp. 111-120, (2014); 
Huang, Runqiu, The long-term geologic hazards and consequent risk after the Wenchuan earthquake, 1, pp. 233-258, (2016)
PUBLISHER: Science Press
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Liu, H.-X., Zhou, Y., Li, X.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Liu, Hangxiang (54389411400); Zhou, Yifei (57222483872); Li, Xin (57222475356)
54389411400; 57222483872; 57222475356
Shaking table test of dynamic responses of a layered complex rock slope under earthquake 层状复合岩体边坡动力特性及地震响应特性的振动台试验研究
(2021) Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 40 (4), pp. 676 - 689, Cited 13 times.
DOI: 10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2020.0772
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85102807606&doi=10.13722%2Fj.cnki.jrme.2020.0772&partnerID=40&md5=2eb649fbd747bd928bb146e6f7186c6b

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: A layered complex rock slope always consists of complex lithology and rock structure, and its seismic responses and landslide formation mechanisms are not completely understood. In the present study, a small-scale shaking table test was carried out on a layered complex rock slope model, taking a typical landslide triggered by the 2008"5•12"Wenchuan earthquake as the prototype slope, simulating the original topography and rock strata and using the accelerations recorded at the seismic station adjacent to the landslide area as input waves. Based on the sensor measurements, the natural frequencies and acceleration responses of the model slope were analyzed, and the horizontal and vertical responses were compared. In addition, the acceleration and displacement responses of the weak layer in the model slope, namely carbonaceous slate, were analyzed to emphasize the role of the layer in the whole slope's responses. The main results show that the model slope demonstrates different vibration modes under horizontal and vertical excitations, and the natural frequencies for both directions undergo three-phase decreasing process which indicates a gradual deterioration of the slope structure. The topographic amplification effect of the vertical acceleration of the model slope is weaker than that of the horizontal acceleration. However, the model slope shows a more significant modification effect on the vertical input waves, and the carbonaceous slate plays a weakening effect of the vertical acceleration. Bulging deformation was observed on the surface of the carbonaceous slate under a high level of excitation. At the stage of the destructive test, the peak horizontal displacement in the carbonaceous slate is larger than that in the overlying phyllite slate. However, the incompatible deformation among different strata does not cause the model slope to slide along the carbonaceous slate, which is inconsistent with the actual location of the sliding surface of the prototype landslide. Nonetheless, the above results, especially the differential responses between the horizontal and vertical accelerations and between different strata, can still help to explain the failure mechanism of a layered complex rock slope triggered by an earthquake. © 2021, Science Press. All right reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Acceleration response; Displacement response; Dynamic property; Layered complex rock slope; Shaking table test; Slope engineering
INDEX KEYWORDS: Acceleration; Deformation; Deterioration; Dynamic response; Failure (mechanical); Landslides; Lithology; Natural frequencies; Slate; Topography; Acceleration response; Differential response; Displacement response; Horizontal acceleration; Horizontal displacements; Topographic amplification; Vertical accelerations; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes
REFERENCES: Large Scale Landslides Induced by the Wenchuan Earthquake, (2009); 
Pei, Xiangjun, The rock mass cataclastic characteristics of daguangbao landslide and its engineering geological significance, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 34, pp. 3106-3115, (2015); 
Luo, Jing, Influencing factors for damage degree of shattered landslide rock mass under high seismic action, Yantu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 37, 6, pp. 1105-1114, (2015); 
Huang, Runqiu, Cataclastic characteristics and formation mechanism of rock mass in sliding zone of Daguangbao landslide, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 35, 1, pp. 1-15, (2016); 
Pei, Xiangjun, A model of initiation of Daguangbao landslide: dynamic dilation and water hammer in sliding zone during strong seismic shaking, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 37, 2, pp. 430-448, (2018); 
Cui, Shenghua, An initiation model of DGB landslide: non-coordinated deformation inducing rock damage in sliding zone during strong seismic shaking, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 38, 2, pp. 237-253, (2019); 
Zhang, Yingbin Bin, DDA validation of the mobility of earthquake-induced landslides, Engineering Geology, 194, pp. 38-51, (2015); 
Yuan, Renmao, Effect of the acceleration component normal to the sliding surface on earthquake-induced landslide triggering, Landslides, 12, 2, pp. 335-344, (2015); 
Zhou, Jia-wen, Dynamic process analysis for the initiation and movement of the Donghekou landslide-debris flow triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 76, pp. 70-84, (2013); 
Sun, Ping, Experimental study of microstructure and mechanical properties of rocks from Donghekou landslide, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 29, SUPPL. 1, pp. 2872-2878, (2010)
PUBLISHER: Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Nie, Y., Li, X., Zhou, W., Xu, R.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Nie, Yinping (57211430526); Li, Xiuzhen (56237865700); Zhou, Wendy (57218989460); Xu, Ruichi (57222241455)
57211430526; 56237865700; 57218989460; 57222241455
Dynamic hazard assessment of group-occurring debris flows based on a coupled model
(2021) Natural Hazards, 106 (3), pp. 2635 - 2661, Cited 19 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11069-021-04558-3
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85102010555&doi=10.1007%2Fs11069-021-04558-3&partnerID=40&md5=0f8af683e4c1c98a42da37e961a9ee09

AFFILIATIONS: Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Village and Town Construction Service Center of Longgang Town of Kaiyang County, Guiyang, Guizhou, China; Department of Geology and Geological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, United States
ABSTRACT: A scientific hazard zoning of debris flows can ensure that human activities are not performed therein, thereby reducing economic loss as much as possible. In this study, by considering the formation background conditions of mountain hazards and dynamic rainfall conditions, the Transient Rainfall Infiltration and Grid-Based Regional Slope-Stability Model (TRIGRS) and Flow path assessment of gravitational hazards at a Regional scale (Flow-R) are organically combined to establish a new coupled model for debris flow dynamic hazard assessment from the viewpoint of landslides providing the material source of debris flows. The coupled model was employed in Qingping township, Sichuan province of China, which was severely damaged by the “5·12” Wenchuan earthquake in 2008. Evaluation results show that the accuracy of the coupled model is 87.98%, which is significantly higher than that of the static Flow-R model (75.51%). This study not only considers the effect of the formation condition of mountain hazards and rainfall-induced shallow landslides on the source of debris flows, but also realises real-time hazard assessment and prediction of group-occurring debris flows. The coupled model used in this study provides a new perspective and is paramount for improving the accuracy and reliability of debris flow hazard assessment. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. part of Springer Nature.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Coupled model; Dynamic hazard assessment; Flow-R model; Group-occurring debris flows; TRIGRS model
INDEX KEYWORDS: debris flow; flow modeling; gravity field; hazard assessment; mountain region; rainfall; China; Qingping; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Alvioli, Massimiliano, Parallelization of the TRIGRS model for rainfall-induced landslides using the message passing interface, Environmental Modelling and Software, 81, pp. 122-135, (2016); 
Bartelt, Perry A., Calculating dense-snow avalanche runout using a Voellmy-fluid model with active/passive longitudinal straining, Journal of Glaciology, 45, 150, pp. 242-254, (1999); 
Baum, Rex L., Estimating the timing and location of shallow rainfall-induced landslides using a model for transient, unsaturated infiltration, Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 115, 3, (2010); 
Trigrs A Fortran Program for Transient Rainfall Infiltration and Grid Based Regional Slope Stability Analysis, (2002); 
Beguería, Santiago, Validation and evaluation of predictive models in hazard assessment and risk management, Natural Hazards, 37, 3, pp. 315-329, (2006); 
Beguería, Santiago, A GIS-based numerical model for simulating the kinematics of mud and debris flows over complex terrain, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 9, 6, pp. 1897-1909, (2009); 
Blahůt, Jan, Debris flow hazard modelling on medium scale: Valtellina di Tirano, Italy, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 10, 11, pp. 2379-2390, (2010); 
Blais-Stevens, Andrée, Debris flow susceptibility mapping using a qualitative heuristic method and Flow-R along the Yukon Alaska Highway Corridor, Canada, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 16, 2, pp. 449-462, (2016); 
Castelli, Francesco, Modelling of a Debris Flow Event in the Enna Area for Hazard Assessment, Procedia Engineering, 175, pp. 287-292, (2017); 
Quantitative Risk Assessment of Debris Flows in Co Seismic Area Based on Remote Sensing and Numerical Simulation, (2014)
PUBLISHER: Springer Science and Business Media B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zhang, J., Lu, M., Zhang, L., Xue, Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhang, Jie (55934252000); Lu, Meng (57218259754); Zhang, Lulu (58433875100); Xue, Yadong (7402270793)
55934252000; 57218259754; 58433875100; 7402270793
Assessing indirect economic losses of landslides along highways
(2021) Natural Hazards, 106 (3), pp. 2775 - 2796, Cited 13 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11069-021-04566-3
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85100732409&doi=10.1007%2Fs11069-021-04566-3&partnerID=40&md5=657510f8af750699f9d10b6e7d0f0d38

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Engineering, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China; Department of Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
ABSTRACT: Landslides along highways not only induce direct losses related to cost of replacement, repair or maintenance due to physical damage, but also induce indirect losses due to reduction in production in different sectors in an economic system. In this study, a method is suggested to assess the indirect losses of landslides along highways, where the impact of landslides on the transportation network is evaluated through the gravity model, and the output losses of different sectors are computed based on the dynamic input–output model. The suggested method is used to assess the indirect losses of landslides that occur along highways related to Yingxiu Town, Sichuan Province, China, which is the epicenter of the 2008 great Wenchuan earthquake. It is found that the impact of a landslide hazard on different sectors is not the same depending on their dependence relationship with the transportation sector. The indirect losses of a landslide increase as the repair time increases and decrease as the transportation network becomes more robust. Also, the location of a landslide will affect the caused indirect losses, and the indirect losses will increase as the transportation network is attacked by more landslides. The suggested method provides a useful instrument for estimating the indirect losses of landslides along highways, which were seldom addressed in previous studies. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. part of Springer Nature.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Dynamic input–output model; Gravity model; Highways; Indirect losses; Landslides
INDEX KEYWORDS: economic impact; input-output analysis; landslide; numerical model; roadside environment; transportation economics; China; Sichuan; Yingxiu
REFERENCES: Avelino, Andre F.T., Comparing the Economic Impact of Natural Disasters Generated by Different Input–Output Models: An Application to the 2007 Chehalis River Flood (WA), Risk Analysis, 39, 1, pp. 85-104, (2019); 
Transportation Research Part A Policy and Practice, (1997); 
Brookshire, David S., Direct and indirect economic losses from earthquake damage, Earthquake Spectra, 13, 4, pp. 683-701, (1997); 
Traffic Quarterly, (1955); 
Chang, Stephanie E., Evaluating disaster mitigations: Methodology for urban infrastructure systems, Natural Hazards Review, 4, 4, pp. 186-196, (2003); 
Ching, Jianye, Efficient evaluation of reliability for slopes with circular slip surfaces using importance sampling, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering - ASCE, 135, 6, pp. 768-777, (2009); 
Cho, Sungbin, Integrating transportation network and regional economic models to estimate the costs of a large urban earthquake, Journal of Regional Science, 41, 1, pp. 39-65, (2001); 
Christian, John T., Reliability applied to slope stability analysis, Journal of Geotechcnical Engineering, 120, 12, pp. 2180-2207, (1994); 
Corominas, Jordi, Recommendations for the quantitative analysis of landslide risk, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 73, 2, pp. 209-263, (2014); 
Dai, Fuchu, Landslide risk assessment and management: An overview, Engineering Geology, 64, 1, pp. 65-87, (2002)
PUBLISHER: Springer Science and Business Media B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Li, X., Tang, X., Zhao, S., Yan, Q., Wu, Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Li, Xinpo (56106503000); Tang, Xiong (57219672301); Zhao, Shuxi (57208689572); Yan, Qiwei (57208682945); Wu, Yong (35786710400)
56106503000; 57219672301; 57208689572; 57208682945; 35786710400
MPM evaluation of the dynamic runout process of the giant Daguangbao landslide
(2021) Landslides, 18 (4), pp. 1509 - 1518, Cited 45 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s10346-020-01569-2
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85094669664&doi=10.1007%2Fs10346-020-01569-2&partnerID=40&md5=4713ebd5c6f92b789cc3267d709bdfeb

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Giant landslides can cause significant damage to their dynamic runout processes. Understanding the mechanics of the runout process is essential for landslide risk assessment and mitigation design. This paper investigates the runout process of the 1.16 × 109 m3 giant Daguangbao landslide triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake. The Daguangbao landslide is a typical bedding-plane slide and the properties of basal sliding surface play a key role in the runout behaviors of the landslide. The material point method (MPM) is adopted as a numerical tool of the simulations. A thermal-based velocity-weakening friction law is used to simulate the contact between the sliding body and the basal sliding surface. A strain-softening constitutive model is used to evaluate the damages inside the landslide body and their effects on the runout behaviors of the landslide. Numerical results reveal that landslide mass slides along the bedding-plane as a whole body initially and then disintegrates during the runout process. The calculated duration of sliding is 64 s and the maximum velocity reaches 60 m/s. The friction coefficient of the slip surface decreases sharply as the landslide body starts to move, and a steady-state friction coefficient μ ≈ 0.06 is reached when the velocity exceeds approximately 20 m/s. Friction degradation of the slip surface shows a sensible influence on the final runout distance and the depth of the deposit zone. The dynamic fragmentation of the landslide body, the final runout distance, and deposition topography are also significantly affected by material softening. © 2020, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Friction degradation; Landslide; Material point method; Runout analysis
INDEX KEYWORDS: Earthquakes; Friction; Numerical methods; Risk assessment; Topography; Daguangbao landslides; Dynamic fragmentation; Friction coefficients; Material point methods; Material softening; Numerical results; Velocity-weakening; Wenchuan Earthquake; Landslides; friction; landslide; numerical model; risk assessment; Sichuan earthquake 2008; topography
REFERENCES: Abe, Keita, Material point method for coupled hydromechanical problems, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering - ASCE, 140, 3, (2014); 
Alvarado, Mauricio, Landslide motion assessment including rate effects and thermal interactions: Revisiting the canelles landslide, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 56, 9, pp. 1338-1350, (2019); 
Andersen, S. M., Modelling of landslides with the material-point method, Computational Geosciences, 14, 1, pp. 137-147, (2010); 
Bandara, Samila S., Coupling of soil deformation and pore fluid flow using material point method, Computers and Geotechnics, 63, pp. 199-214, (2015); 
Bandara, Samila S., Modelling landslides in unsaturated slopes subjected to rainfall infiltration using material point method, International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, 40, 9, pp. 1358-1380, (2016); 
Bardenhagen, Scott G., The material-point method for granular materials, Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 187, 3-4, pp. 529-541, (2000); 
Bi, Yuzhang, Numerical analysis of effect of baffle configuration on impact force exerted from rock avalanches, Landslides, 15, 5, pp. 1029-1043, (2018); 
Ceccato, Francesca, Numerical study of partially drained penetration and pore pressure dissipation in piezocone test, Acta Geotechnica, 12, 1, pp. 195-209, (2017); 
Chigira, Masahiro, Landslides induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China, Geomorphology, 118, 3-4, pp. 225-238, (2010); 
Coetzee, Corné J., The modelling of anchors using the material point method, International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, 29, 9, pp. 879-895, (2005)
PUBLISHER: Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Han, J., Zhan, Z., Cao, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Han, Jichong (57203725653); Zhan, Zhao (59898610600); Cao, Juan (57204964088)
57203725653; 59898610600; 57204964088
Assessing Earthquake-induced Landslide Susceptibility based on Logistic Regression in 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake and 2014 Ludian Earthquake 基于逻辑回归的地震滑坡易发性评价-以汶川地震、鲁甸地震为例
(2021) Journal of Catastrophology, 36 (2), pp. 193 - 199, Cited 7 times.
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-811X.2021.02.036
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-105005190064&doi=10.3969%2Fj.issn.1000-811X.2021.02.036&partnerID=40&md5=5334cd533ed04ba325842f80a574f9e9

AFFILIATIONS: Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disaster, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Susceptibility mapping of earthquake triggered landslides is the scientific premise and theoretical basis of emergency rescue. Currently, machine learning has been widely applied in the assessment of earthquake triggered landslide susceptibility. However, previous studies have not considered universality of model. Furthermore, these studies lack the quantitative evaluation of the effect of ground motion parameters on the accuracy of the model. We took the May 12, 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and the August 3, 2014 Ludian earthquake as study cases. We constructed the database including the landslide inventory and the influencing factors which are selected u-sing correlation coefficient and variance inflation factor. In this study, 70% of the landslides are randomly chosen for training the logistic regression model and 30% for testing. The frequency distribution of landslide and non-landslide samples is analyzed for different variables. Then the model performance is evaluated and the susceptibility map is produced. The results show that the model achieves higher prediction accuracy (> 90%) using the test samples in the same earthquake event. However, when we applied the model constructed using the training dataset of Wenchuan earthquake to the testing data of Ludian earthquake event, the prediction accuracy of declined by 14%. In addition, we found that the ground motion parameter (MMI) contributes 5% to 29% to the model prediction accuracy. The results show that the model based on historical earthquake events still has relatively limitations in the prediction of future earthquake-induced landslides. It is necessary to increase the sample size of different earthquakes in various regions and use new machine learning methods to improve the universality of prediction models. © 2021 Shaanxi Earthquake Agency. All rights reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: earthquake triggered landslides; logistic regression; Ludian earthquake; susceptibility assessment; universality; Wenchuan earthquake
REFERENCES: Tanyas, Hakan, A global slope unit-based method for the near real-time prediction of earthquake-induced landslides, Geomorphology, 327, pp. 126-146, (2019); 
Nowicki Jessee, M. Anna, A Global Empirical Model for Near-Real-Time Assessment of Seismically Induced Landslides, Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 123, 8, pp. 1835-1859, (2018); 
Budimir, M. E.A., A systematic review of landslide probability mapping using logistic regression, Landslides, 12, 3, pp. 419-436, (2015); 
Petschko, Helene, Assessing the quality of landslide susceptibility maps - Case study Lower Austria, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 14, 1, pp. 95-118, (2014); 
Robinson, Tom R., Rapid post-earthquake modelling of coseismic landslide intensity and distribution for emergency response decision support, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 17, 9, pp. 1521-1540, (2017); 
Zhu, Jing, An updated geospatial liquefaction model for global application, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 107, 3, pp. 1365-1385, (2017); 
Yin, Yueping, Landslide hazards triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China, Landslides, 6, 2, pp. 139-152, (2009); 
Xu, Chong, Three (nearly) complete inventories of landslides triggered by the May 12, 2008 Wenchuan Mw 7.9 earthquake of China and their spatial distribution statistical analysis, Landslides, 11, 3, pp. 441-461, (2014); 
Xu, Chong, Landslides triggered by the 22 July 2013 Minxian-Zhangxian, China, Mw 5.9 earthquake: Inventory compiling and spatial distribution analysis, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 92, pp. 125-142, (2014); 
Tanyas, Hakan, Presentation and Analysis of a Worldwide Database of Earthquake-Induced Landslide Inventories, Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 122, 10, pp. 1991-2015, (2017)
PUBLISHER: Shaanxi Earthquake Agency
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Guo, X., Cui, P., Chen, X., Li, Y., Zhang, J., Sun, Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Guo, Xiaojun (55636231600); Cui, Peng (56706923500); Chen, Xingchang (36618704600); Li, Yong (56044366400); Zhang, Ju (57221933455); Sun, Yuqing (58042543700)
55636231600; 56706923500; 36618704600; 56044366400; 57221933455; 58042543700
Estimation of discharges of water flows and debris floods in a small watershed
(2021) Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 46 (3), pp. 642 - 658, Cited 8 times.
DOI: 10.1002/esp.5053
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85100603770&doi=10.1002%2Fesp.5053&partnerID=40&md5=1b2ea4fded479650ffa906ed8b79b9d5

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; CAS Center for Excellence & Innovation in Tibetan Plateau Earth System Sciences, Shantou, Beijing, China; School of Environment and Resource, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Floods in small mountainous watersheds cover a wide spectrum of flow. They can range from clear water flows and hyperconcentrated flows to debris floods and debris flows, and calculation of the peak discharge is crucial for predicting and mitigating such hazards. To determine the optimal approach for discharge estimation, this study compared water flow monitoring hydrographs to investigate the performance of five hydrological models that incorporate different runoff yields and influx calculation methods. Two of the models performed well in simulating the peak discharge, peak time, and total flow volume of the water flood. The ratio (γ) of the monitored debris flood discharge (Q<inf>d</inf>) to the simulated water flow discharge (Q<inf>w</inf>) was investigated. Qualitatively, γ initially increased with Q<inf>w</inf> but then decreased when Q<inf>w</inf> exceeded a certain threshold, which corresponded to rainfall of 95 and 120 mm in a 6- and 24-h event with a normal distribution of precipitation, respectively. The decrease might be attributable to a threshold of sediment availability being reached, beyond which increased flow rate is not matched by increased sediment input in the large watershed. Uncertainty of hydrological calculation was evaluated by dividing the catchment into sub-basins and adopting different rainfall time steps as input. The efficiency of using a distributed simulation exhibited marginal improvement potential compared with a lumped simulation. Conversely, the rainfall time step input significantly affected the simulation results by delaying the peak time and decreasing the peak discharge. This research demonstrates the applicability of a discharge estimation method that combines a hydrological water flow simulation and an estimation of γ. The results were verified on the basis of monitored flow densities and videos obtained in two watersheds with areas of 2.34 and 32.4 km2. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: debris flood; hydrological simulation; peak discharge; rainfall; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Catchments; Debris; Floods; Flow of water; Hydraulics; Normal distribution; Rain; Watersheds; Discharge estimation; Distributed simulations; Hydrological models; Hyperconcentrated flow; Optimal approaches; Sediment availability; Small watersheds; Water flow simulation; Runoff; debris flow; estimation method; flood damage; flooding; flow modeling; mitigation; rainfall-runoff modeling; river discharge; Sichuan earthquake 2008; uncertainty analysis; water flow; watershed
REFERENCES: Bardou, Éric, Debris flows as a factor of hillslope evolution controlled by a continuous or a pulse process?, Geological Society Special Publication, 296, pp. 63-78, (2008); 
Berger, Catherine, Direct measurement of channel erosion by debris flows, Illgraben, Switzerland, Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 116, 1, (2011); 
Beven, Keith J., The future of distributed models: Model calibration and uncertainty prediction, Hydrological Processes, 6, 3, pp. 279-298, (1992); 
Beven, Keith J., Equifinality, data assimilation, and uncertainty estimation in mechanistic modelling of complex environmental systems using the GLUE methodology, Journal of Hydrology, 249, 1-4, pp. 11-29, (2001); 
Brenna, Andrea, Sediment–water flows in mountain streams: Recognition and classification based on field evidence, Geomorphology, 371, (2020); 
Camacho-Rincon, René A., A Comparison of Bayesian Methods for Uncertainty Analysis in Hydraulic and Hydrodynamic Modeling, Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 51, 5, pp. 1372-1393, (2015); 
Meteorological and Regulations Compilation of the Prc, (2005); 
Church, Michael A., What Is a Debris Flood?, Water Resources Research, 56, 8, (2020); 
Comiti, Francesco, A new monitoring station for debris flows in the European Alps: First observations in the Gadria basin, Natural Hazards, 73, 3, pp. 1175-1198, (2014); 
Coviello, V., Seismic Characterization of Debris Flows: Insights into Energy Radiation and Implications for Warning, Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 124, 6, pp. 1440-1463, (2019)
PUBLISHER: John Wiley and Sons Ltd
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zhang, G., Cui, P., Jin, W., Zhang, Z., Wang, H., Bazai, N.A., Li, Y., Liu, D., Pasuto, P.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhang, Guotao (57188966463); Cui, Peng (56706923500); Jin, Wen (57208353895); Zhang, Zhengtao (57193609191); Wang, Hao (57200984649); Bazai, Nazir Ahmed (57191441923); Li, Yao (57196300117); Liu, Dingzhu (57200994806); Pasuto, Alessandro (6701661125)
57188966463; 56706923500; 57208353895; 57193609191; 57200984649; 57191441923; 57196300117; 57200994806; 6701661125
Changes in hydrological behaviours triggered by earthquake disturbance in a mountainous watershed
(2021) Science of the Total Environment, 760, art. no. 143349, Cited 30 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143349
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85095729014&doi=10.1016%2Fj.scitotenv.2020.143349&partnerID=40&md5=592f48c81982256f0628f5a2ff93b2ef

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; CAS Center for Excellence & Innovation in Tibetan Plateau Earth System Sciences, Shantou, Beijing, China; Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; China-Pakistan Joint Research Center on Earth Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan; Research Institute for Geo-Hydrological Protection, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, RM, Italy
ABSTRACT: Landslides induced by strong earthquakes often destroy large amounts of landscape vegetation which can trigger significant changes in runoff potential and flood flow. Little is known about hydrological behaviours imposed by co-seismic landslides and their post-earthquake evolution. Therefore, we collected time-series datasets (2007–2018) of underlying surface conditions (USC) changes including landslide expansion and recovery in a watershed affected by the Wenchuan earthquake to further quantify how the large physical disturbance affected the flood hydrological behaviours. The hydrological model HEC-HMS was calibrated and validated to predict the historical hydrological behaviours based on 5 min time-series data in rainfalls and streamflow (2018–2019), showing a good model performance with a mean Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency of 0.76. It was found that, shortly after the earthquake, the sharp expansion with 11% of landslide areas elevated the magnitudes of runoff potential, peak discharge, and runoff volume by >10%, and the peak to time for the high-magnitude flood was advanced by 25 min compared to the pre-earthquake levels. The tipping point along the hydrological disturbance–recovery trajectory was detected within 2011 with higher flood peaks and volumes, and the periods of 2011–2013 (i.e. 3–5 years post-earthquake) were deemed to be a rapid recovery period, revealing an unstable hydrological function. These findings are significant for clearly understanding the magnitude and timing, as well as greater risks of post-earthquake catastrophic flooding in earthquake-stricken regions. Additionally, the post-earthquake accompanied rainstorm-induced geohazards, which limited the recovery of landscape vegetation, triggering an undulant but clear recovery process (1–7 years post-earthquake) of hydrological behaviours. These findings promoted our understanding of the spatiotemporal evolution of hydrological behaviours triggered by the earthquake, and further contribute to the development of adaptation and mitigation strategies for the unpredictable flash floods triggered by future abrupt natural hazards in earthquake-affected regions. © 2020
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Earthquake disturbance; Flood peaks; Hydrological model; Landslides; Runoff potential
INDEX KEYWORDS: Expansion; Flood control; Floods; Landslides; Large dataset; Recovery; Runoff; Storms; Time series; Vegetation; Watersheds; Hydrological functions; Hydrological modeling; Mitigation strategy; Physical disturbance; Pre-earthquake levels; Spatiotemporal evolution; Strong earthquakes; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes; coseismic process; earthquake damage; earthquake trigger; flood; hydrological change; hydrological modeling; landslide; mountain environment; runoff; Sichuan earthquake 2008; article; earthquake; flooding; hydrological model; time series analysis; vegetation; watershed
REFERENCES: Abushandi, Eyad, Modelling Rainfall Runoff Relations Using HEC-HMS and IHACRES for a Single Rain Event in an Arid Region of Jordan, Water Resources Management, 27, 7, pp. 2391-2409, (2013); 
Alhumimidi, Mansour Salem, Estimation of potential runoff in Wadi Damad watershed, Jazan Province, southwestern Saudi Arabia, Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 13, 7, (2020); 
Ali, Asad, Enhanced Degradation of Dyes present in Textile Effluent by Ultrasound Assisted Electrochemical Reactor, Civil Engineering Journal (Iran), 5, 10, pp. 2131-2142, (2019); 
Arheimer, B., Detecting Changes in River Flow Caused by Wildfires, Storms, Urbanization, Regulation, and Climate Across Sweden, Water Resources Research, 55, 11, pp. 8990-9005, (2019); 
Bilen, Serdar, Relationships between cement dust emissions and soil properties, Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 28, 5, pp. 3089-3098, (2019); 
Bracken, Louise J., The concept of hydrological connectivity and its contribution to understanding runoff-dominated geomorphic systems, Hydrological Processes, 21, 13, pp. 1749-1763, (2007); 
Bracken, Louise J., Concepts of hydrological connectivity: Research approaches, Pathways and future agendas, Earth-Science Reviews, 119, pp. 17-34, (2013); 
Cai, Yaping, A high-performance and in-season classification system of field-level crop types using time-series Landsat data and a machine learning approach, Remote Sensing of Environment, 210, pp. 35-47, (2018); 
Chang, Ming, Hazard assessment of debris flows in the Wenchuan earthquake-stricken area, South West China, Landslides, 14, 5, pp. 1783-1792, (2017); 
Chiang, Lichi, Integrating landscape metrics and hydrologic modeling to assess the impact of natural disturbances on ecohydrological processes in the chenyulan watershed, Taiwan, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16, 2, (2019)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Du, C.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Du, Cui (55648901900)
55648901900
Deposition pattern of stony and muddy debris flow at the confluence area
(2021) Journal of Mountain Science, 18 (3), pp. 622 - 634, Cited 3 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11629-020-6046-y
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85102389061&doi=10.1007%2Fs11629-020-6046-y&partnerID=40&md5=7a9cf3f6492fe88c1bbc91c8736ba4f8

AFFILIATIONS: School of Civil Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
ABSTRACT: Debris flow fan affects the river profile and landscape evolution. The propagation of multiple debris flows along a river can cause inundation and breaching risk, which can be exemplified by the Min River after the Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan province, China. In this work, large flume tests were conducted to examine the interactions between debris flows and water current with the fan geometry, momentum, runout distance, deposited width, the relative water level upstream and dominated stress. The results reveal that stony flow commonly travels at a high speed and forms a long rectangle shape fan, while the muddy flow generally travels at a low speed and forms a fan-shaped depositional area. The stony flow can block a river even when the momentum is close to the water current; the muddy flow can block a river when the momentum is lower than that of water current. In case of complete river damming, the relative water level upstream indicates that the inundation risk from the muddy flow damming river would be higher than the inundation risk of stony flow. The diversion ratio of muddy flow decreases as damming ratio. Comparison of dimensionless numbers reveals that stony flow is dominated by grain collision stress combined with turbulent mixing stress, while the muddy flow is dominated by viscous shear stress over friction stress. The fan geometry, damming ratio, diversion ratio, and the dominated stress all together indicate that stony flow strongly interacts with water current while the muddy flow does not. The results can be helpful for understanding the physical interactions between water current and various debris flows, and debris flow dynamics at the channel confluence area. © 2021, Science Press, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, CAS and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Damming ratio; Dominated stress; Muddy flows; Physical interactions; Stony flows
INDEX KEYWORDS: channel flow; debris flow; deposition velocity; earthquake event; mudflow; river flow; China; Min River [Sichuan]; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Berti, Matteo, Field observations of a debris flow event in the Dolomites, Geomorphology, 29, 3-4, pp. 265-274, (1999); 
Bovis, Michael J., The role of debris supply conditions in predicting debris flow activity, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 24, 11, pp. 1039-1054, (1999); 
Berti, Matteo, Debris flow monitoring in the Acquabona watershed on the Dolomites (Italian Alps), Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere, 25, 9, pp. 707-715, (2000); 
Braun, Anika, Numerical SPH analysis of debris flow run-out and related river damming scenarios for a local case study in SW China, Landslides, 15, 3, pp. 535-550, (2018); 
Campbell, Charles S., Rapid granular flows, Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, 22, 1, pp. 57-92, (1990); 
Coussot, Philippe, Recognition, classification and mechanical description of debris flows, Earth-Science Reviews, 40, 3-4, pp. 209-227, (1996); 
Debris Flow Hazards and Related Phenomena, (2005); 
Cui, Peng, Distribution and risk analysis of dammed lakes reduced by Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 41, 3, pp. 35-42, (2009); 
Chen, Suchin Chien, Two-dimensional numerical model of two-layer shallow water equations for confluence simulation, Advances in Water Resources, 29, 11, pp. 1608-1617, (2006); 
Chen, Suchin Chien, Flume experiment of debris flow confluence formed alluvial fan in the main channel, 2, pp. 829-835, (2008)
PUBLISHER: Science Press
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Chang, M., Dou, X., Hales, T.C., Yu, B.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Chang, Ming (36727157900); Dou, Xiangyang (57196153451); Hales, Tristram Charles (9741921500); Yu, Bin (37058094800)
36727157900; 57196153451; 9741921500; 37058094800
Patterns of rainfall-threshold for debris-flow occurrence in the Wenchuan seismic region, Southwest China
(2021) Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 80 (3), pp. 2117 - 2130, Cited 22 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s10064-020-02080-7
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85100618055&doi=10.1007%2Fs10064-020-02080-7&partnerID=40&md5=a7fc0372d56864b7bfd1d0585726ce93

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, South Glamorgan, Wales, United Kingdom
ABSTRACT: In recent years, debris flows induced by rainstorms have caused severe casualties and property losses in the Wenchuan earthquake region, Southwest China. The different rainfall patterns point to a composite rainfall threshold for the occurrence of debris flows. The rainfall intensity and antecedent rainfall of debris flow events were analyzed after the Wenchuan earthquake. The results show that the rainfall pattern in time can be classified into three types: a short-term rainfall pattern, a medium persistent rainfall pattern, and a long-term intermittent rainfall pattern. The main differences between the three patterns of a single precipitation event are rainfall intensity, duration, and cumulative rainfall, which can result in different infiltration, saturation, and triggering mechanisms of debris flows. The short-term rainfall pattern can be associated with the highest rainfall intensity and the least cumulative rainfall. The medium persistent rainfall pattern is related to intermediate rainfall intensity and the medium cumulative rainfall, and a long-term intermittent rainfall pattern can be related to the lowest rainfall intensity and the longest rainfall duration. At last, this paper sets up the patterns of rainfall-threshold for debris-flow occurrence. According to the critical initiation, conditions of the debris flow in the five watersheds can be predicted by the intensity-duration curve (ID curve) under different rainfall patterns. © 2021, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Cumulative rainfall; Debris flow; Rainfall intensity; Rainfall patterns
INDEX KEYWORDS: Debris; Earthquakes; Storms; Antecedent rainfall; Critical initiation; Cumulative rainfall; Debris flow occurrences; Precipitation events; Rainfall thresholds; Triggering mechanism; Wenchuan Earthquake; Rain; debris flow; earthquake magnitude; earthquake rupture; numerical model; precipitation intensity; rainfall-runoff modeling; Sichuan earthquake 2008; trigger mechanism; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Berti, Matteo, Physical Interpretation of Rainfall Thresholds or Runoff-Generated Debris Flows, Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 125, 6, (2020); 
Bogaard, T. A., Invited perspectives: Hydrological perspectives on precipitation intensity-duration thresholds for landslide initiation: Proposing hydro-meteorological thresholds, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 18, 1, pp. 31-39, (2018); 
Cannon, Susan H., A mass-change model for the estimation of debris-flow runout, Journal of Geology, 96, 2, pp. 221-227, (1988); 
Chang, Chiwen, Estimation of sediment volume of debris flow caused by extreme rainfall in Taiwan, Engineering Geology, 123, 1-2, pp. 83-90, (2011); 
Chen, Ningsheng, Impact of earthquake on debris flows - A case study on the wenchuan earthquake, Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami, 5, 5, pp. 493-508, (2011); 
Chen, Xingzhang, Post-earthquake changes and prediction of debris flow scales in Subao River Valley, Beichuan County, Sichuan Province, China, Environmental Earth Sciences, 65, 4, pp. 995-1003, (2012); 
Chen, Mingliang, Contribution of excessive supply of solid material to a runoff-generated debris flow during its routing along a gully and its impact on the Downstream Village with Blockage Effects, Water (Switzerland), 11, 1, (2019); 
Applied Hydrology, (1988); 
Coe, Jeffrey A., Initiation conditions for debris flows generated by runoff at Chalk Cliffs, central Colorado, Geomorphology, 96, 3-4, pp. 270-297, (2008); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2008)
PUBLISHER: Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Kang, C., Ren, D., Gao, X., Han, C., Wang, Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Kang, Chao (36701744600); Ren, Dongxing (57221720216); Gao, Xiaofeng (57221736147); Han, Chuntan (35885646000); Wang, Yuxi (57220201640)
36701744600; 57221720216; 57221736147; 35885646000; 57220201640
Study of kinematic characteristics of a rock avalanche and subsequent erosion process due to a debris flow in Wenjia gully, Sichuan, China
(2021) Natural Hazards, 106 (1), pp. 937 - 964, Cited 5 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11069-021-04501-6
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85099976311&doi=10.1007%2Fs11069-021-04501-6&partnerID=40&md5=5111b36203149cb9311ecc2cf5098383

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC, Canada; China Metallurgical Group Corporation, Beijing, China; Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Lanzhou, Gansu, China; The Third Geological and Mineral Exploration Institute of Gansu Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
ABSTRACT: This paper aims to systematically study kinematic characteristics of Wenjiagou rock avalanche triggered by the M8.0 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and one of subsequent debris flows that occurred on August 13, 2010 (8.13 debris flow), using a numerical approach. The kinematic characteristics of the rock avalanche are back-calculated using an energy-based runout model. The erosion process of the subsequent rainfall-induced debris flow is analyzed using a progressive scouring entrainment model incorporated in the energy-based runout model. The results indicate that Wenjiagou rock avalanche traveled farther than most other rock avalanches with a maximum velocity of approximately 73 m/s detected at about 1700 m away from the source zone. The erosion of the 8.13 debris flow mainly occurred right after the dam failure which contributes to more than 97% of the total eroded volume. Besides, four different scenarios, including no blockage of the runoff (scenario I), no dam failure (scenario II), dam failure at the end of precipitation (scenario III), and no erodible material (scenario IV), are supposed to study the effect of the failure of a check dam on the erosion characteristics of the debris flow. The results reveal that the blockage of the channel without failure could reduce 86% of the total volume and the failure of check dams is the main reason for the destructive consequence of the 8.13 debris flow. This paper proposes an approach to explore kinematic characteristics of a rock avalanche and erosion process of the subsequent rainfall-induced debris flows and also innovatively provides a method to indirectly assess mitigation strategies that can be used for the design of mitigation projects. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. part of Springer Nature.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flow; Deposition; Erosion; Numerical simulation; Rock avalanche
INDEX KEYWORDS: computer simulation; debris flow; deposition; entrainment; gully erosion; rainfall; rock avalanche; scour; Sichuan earthquake 2008; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Anderson, Robert S., Evolution of the Santa Cruz Mountains, California, through tectonic growth and geomorphic decay, Journal of Geophysical Research, 99, B10, pp. 20-179, (1994); 
Equilibre Des Massifs A Frottement Interne, (1934); 
Chen, Xingzhang, The formation of the Wulipo landslide and the resulting debris flow in Dujiangyan City, China, Journal of Mountain Science, 14, 6, pp. 1100-1112, (2017); 
Cui, Yifei, Experimental study on the moving characteristics of fine grains in wide grading unconsolidated soil under heavy rainfall, Journal of Mountain Science, 14, 3, pp. 417-431, (2017); 
Cundall, Peter A., A discrete numerical model for granular assemblies, Geotechnique, 29, 1, pp. 47-65, (1979); 
Davies, Timothy R.H., Runout of dry granular avalanches, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 36, 2, pp. 313-320, (1999); 
Deng, Qinghai, Simulating dynamic processes and hypermobility mechanisms of the Wenjiagou rock avalanche triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake using discrete element modelling, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 76, 3, pp. 923-936, (2017); 
J Geophys Res, (2004); 
Egashira, Shinji, Experimental study on the entrainment of bed material into debris flow, Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part C: Solar, Terrestrial and Planetary Science, 26, 9, pp. 645-650, (2001); 
Evans, Stephen G., Dynamics of the 1984 rock avalanche and associated distal debris flow on Mount Cayley, British Columbia, Canada; Implications for landslide hazard assessment on dissected volcanoes, Engineering Geology, 61, 1, pp. 29-51, (2001)
PUBLISHER: Springer Science and Business Media B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Li, H.-J., Zhu, H.-H., Li, Y.-H., Hu, W., Shi, B.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Li, Haojie (57219417270); Zhu, Honghu (12140186000); Li, Yuanhai (27172209900); Hu, Wei (42361224100); Shi, Bin (7402545779)
57219417270; 12140186000; 27172209900; 42361224100; 7402545779
Fiber Bragg grating-based flume test to study the initiation of landslide-debris flows induced by concentrated runoff
(2021) Geotechnical Testing Journal, 44 (4), art. no. 20190290, Cited 19 times.
DOI: 10.1520/GTJ20190290
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85092666486&doi=10.1520%2FGTJ20190290&partnerID=40&md5=e8436d74ad931f9bf88bea2601458a98

AFFILIATIONS: Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: In order to explore the initiation of landslide-debris flow caused by concentrated runoff, a flume test has been performed on soil samples taken from a debris flow site in Wenchuan earthquake area. The fiber Bragg grating (FBG) technology was used to measure the strain distribution information in the slope mass during erosion. Several hydrological sensors for monitoring pore water pressure and soil moisture were used to investigate their correlation with internal strain field. The test results show that the fiber optic sensing technique exhibited high sensitivity and precision in monitoring the slope deformation. The development of pore water pressures and soil moistures showed reasonable consistency with the dynamics of an infiltration. According to the strain measurements, there were four evolution stages during the initiation of landslide-debris induced by runoff, i.e., the water absorption stage, the deformation stage, the shear zone formation stage, and the fluidization stage. The results provide an improved insight into the mechanism of debris flow initiation and indicate the enormous potential of the FBG sensing technology in establishing an effective early warning system for landslides and debris flows. © © 2020 by ASTM International.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Concentrated runoff; Debris flows; Fiber Bragg grating; Flume test; Landslide; Pore water pressure; Strain measurement; Volumetric water content
INDEX KEYWORDS: Debris; Deformation; Earthquakes; Fluidization; Landslides; Pore pressure; Pressure distribution; Runoff; Soil moisture; Water absorption; Deformation stages; Early Warning System; Fiber-optic sensing; Internal strains; Pore-water pressures; Slope deformation; Strain distributions; Wenchuan Earthquake; Fiber Bragg gratings; debris flow; early warning system; fiber optics; fluidization; landslide; porewater; precision; runoff; shear zone; Sichuan earthquake 2008; soil moisture; strain analysis
REFERENCES: Acharya, Govind, The influence of shallow landslides on sediment supply: A flume-based investigation using sandy soil, Engineering Geology, 109, 3-4, pp. 161-169, (2009); 
Standard Practice for Description and Identification of Soils Visual Manual Procedure, (2009); 
Berti, Matteo, Experimental evidences and numerical modelling of debris flow initiated by channel runoff, Landslides, 2, 3, pp. 171-182, (2005); 
Cascini, Leonardo, Seasonal effects of rainfall on the shallow pyroclastic deposits of the Campania region (southern Italy), Landslides, 11, 5, pp. 779-792, (2014); 
Coe, Jeffrey A., Initiation conditions for debris flows generated by runoff at Chalk Cliffs, central Colorado, Geomorphology, 96, 3-4, pp. 270-297, (2008); 
Damiano, Emilia, A laboratory study on the use of optical fibers for early detection of pre-failure slope movements in shallow granular soil deposits, Geotechnical Testing Journal, 40, 4, pp. 529-541, (2017); 
Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Geotechnique Construction Materials and Environment, (2012); 
Glade, Thomas W., Linking debris-flow hazard assessments with geomorphology, Geomorphology, 66, 1-4 SPEC. ISS., pp. 189-213, (2005); 
Hu, Mingjian, Rainfall, landslide and debris flow intergrowth relationship in Jiangjia Ravine, Journal of Mountain Science, 8, 4, pp. 603-610, (2011); 
Hu, Wei, Flume tests to study the initiation of huge debris flows after the Wenchuan earthquake in S-W China, Engineering Geology, 182, PB, pp. 121-129, (2014)
PUBLISHER: ASTM International service@astm.org
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Gao, G., Meguid, M.A., Chouinard, L.E., Zhan, W.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Gao, Ge (57195509598); Meguid, Mohamed A. (56210429500); Chouinard, Luc E. (7004326526); Zhan, Weiwei (57194511378)
57195509598; 56210429500; 7004326526; 57194511378
Dynamic disintegration processes accompanying transport of an earthquake-induced landslide
(2021) Landslides, 18 (3), pp. 909 - 933, Cited 67 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s10346-020-01508-1
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85089892227&doi=10.1007%2Fs10346-020-01508-1&partnerID=40&md5=c2adb07513de5f8cd09211575885e294

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Civil Engineering and Applied Mechanics, Université McGill, Montreal, QC, Canada; Clemson University College of Engineering, Computing and Applied Sciences, Clemson, SC, United States
ABSTRACT: Aiming to understand the dynamic disintegration and transport behavior of an earthquake-induced landslide, a dynamic discrete element method has been employed to analyze the Wangjiayan landslide triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake. Absorbing boundary condition is used for the seismic wave transmission and reflection at the slope base. The numerical results show that under seismic loading, internal rock damage initiates, propagates, and coalesces progressively along the weak solid structure and subsequently leads to fragmentation and pulverization of the slope mass. This can be quantitatively interpreted with the continuously rapid increase of the damage ratio and sudden decline of growth ratio of the number of fragments after the peak seismic shaking. During emplacement evolution, fragmented deformation patterns within the translating joint-defined granular assemblies are affected by the locally high dilatancy with a simultaneous occurrence of highly energetic collisions related to the action of shearing, and this can be quantified by the enhancement of particle kinematic activities (high vibrational and rotational granular temperatures) and intense fluctuations of location-dependent global dispersive stress. In this process, slope destabilized and transports downward in a rapid pulsing motion as friction bonds are locally and continually overcome by the seismic- and gravity-induced shear forces. The joint-determined fragment network before movement initiation and the final fragmented depositions after the rapidly sheared transport have been systematically investigated by fragment statistics (fragment size distribution, fragment mass distribution, and fractal dimension) and morphometric characters (fragment shape isotropy) to offer new insights into the disintegration characteristics of the earthquake-induced catastrophic mass movements. © 2020, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Absorbing boundary condition; Dilatancy; Discrete element method; Earthquake-induced landslide; Fragmentation
INDEX KEYWORDS: Earthquakes; Fractal dimension; Landslides; Particle size analysis; Structural geology; Wave transmission; Absorbing boundary condition; Disintegration characteristics; Dynamic disintegration; Earthquake-induced landslides; Fragment mass distribution; Fragment size distribution; Granular temperature; Particle kinematics; Disintegration; boundary condition; deformation mechanism; discrete element method; dynamic response; earthquake; induced seismicity; joint; landslide; loading; rock mechanics; seismic wave; Sichuan earthquake 2008; transport process; trigger mechanism; wave reflection
REFERENCES: Alfaro, Pedro, The role of near-field interaction between seismic waves and slope on the triggering of a rockslide at Lorca (SE Spain), Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 12, 12, pp. 3631-3643, (2012); 
Åström, Jan A., Universal dynamic fragmentation in D dimensions, Physical Review Letters, 92, 24, pp. 1-245506, (2004); 
Bowman, Elisabeth T., Physical models of rock avalanche spreading behaviour with dynamic fragmentation, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 49, 4, pp. 460-476, (2012); 
Borykov, Timur, Empirical investigation of friction weakening of terrestrial and Martian landslides using discrete element models, Landslides, 16, 6, pp. 1121-1140, (2019); 
Cagnoli, Bruno, Grain size and flow volume effects on granular flow mobility in numerical simulations: 3-D discrete element modeling of flows of angular rock fragments, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 120, 4, pp. 2350-2366, (2015); 
Campbell, Charles S., Rapid granular flows, Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, 22, 1, pp. 57-92, (1990); 
Crosta, Giovanni Battista, Replay of the 1987 Val Pola Landslide, Italian Alps, Geomorphology, 60, 1-2, pp. 127-146, (2004); 
Crosta, Giovanni Battista, Fragmentation in the Val Pola rock avalanche, Italian Alps, Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 112, 1, (2007); 
J Tongji Univ Nat Sci, (2011); 
Dammeier, Franziska, Characterization of alpine rockslides using statistical analysis of seismic signals, Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 116, 4, (2011)
PUBLISHER: Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zhang, J., Guo, X., Chen, T., Chen, X., Sun, Y., Li, S.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhang, Ju (57221933455); Guo, Xiaojun (55636231600); Chen, Tingfang (56143932900); Chen, Xingchang (36618704600); Sun, Yuqing (58042543700); Li, Song (58854495100)
57221933455; 55636231600; 56143932900; 36618704600; 58042543700; 58854495100
Study on the discharge calculation in small watershed in Wenchuan earthquake area
(2021) Journal of Natural Disasters, 30 (1), pp. 155 - 164, Cited 4 times.
DOI: 10.13577/j.jnd.2021.0116
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85133468873&doi=10.13577%2Fj.jnd.2021.0116&partnerID=40&md5=394742308efada890fcac08965e2cfa5

AFFILIATIONS: School of Environment and Resource, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; CAS Center for Excellence & Innovation in Tibetan Plateau Earth System Sciences, Shantou, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Mountain torrents not only cause huge losses, but also are the inducing factors for debris flows in small watersheds in the Wenchuan earthquake-stricken area. It is of great significance to find an accurate and operable method for calculating the flood discharge for disaster mitigation. This work aims to investigate the efficiency of different hydrological models which are commonly used, and to find the most proper methods for peak discharge calculation. The methods selected for slope runoff yield calculation include the SCS Curve Number method, Green-Ampt method and the Initial and Constant method, and methods for influx process include SCS Unit Hydrograph method, Snyder Unit Hydrograph and Kinematic Wave method. Five models are built and the simulation results are investigated. It is found that the SCS Curve Number method is the most suitable model for runoff yield calculation. The models which are combined it with the SCS Unit Hydrograph method, and the Kinematic Wave method, simulate the peak appearance time most accurately with the error range of 0-25 min, and the relative errors of peak discharge and total volume are smaller than 4% and about 10%, respectively. In addition, the parameters of the two models are determined simply, and are more suitable for flood simulation in small watersheds with scarce data. The research can provide methods for the flow estimation in the small watershed of the Wenchuan earthquake area. © 2021 Science Press. All rights reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: channel confluence; peak discharge; peak occurrence time; SCS Curve Number; slope runoff; Wenchuan Earthquake area
INDEX KEYWORDS: confluence; hydrological modeling; peak discharge; runoff; Sichuan earthquake 2008; watershed; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Mountain Research, (2014); 
Cui, Peng, Real-time observation of an active debris flow watershed in the Wenchuan Earthquake area, Geomorphology, 321, pp. 153-166, (2018); 
Guohua, Hu, Research on forecast of mountain flood in Chenjiang river basin based on HEC-HMS model, Journal of Natural Disasters, 26, 3, pp. 147-155, (2017); 
Guo, Xiaojun, The formation and development of debris flows in large watersheds after the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake, Landslides, 13, 1, pp. 25-37, (2016); 
Progress in Geography, (2014); 
Lu, Yanyu, Analysis of critical flood causing rainfalls in medium and small rivers based on hydrological model and statistical method, Journal of Natural Disasters, 25, 3, pp. 38-47, (2016); 
New Development of Chinese Hydrological Science and Technology Proceedings of 2012 Chinese Hydrological Symposium, (2012); 
Li, Haibing, The surface rupture zone distribution of the Wenchuan earthquake (Ms8.0) happened on May 12th, 2008, Geology in China, 35, 5, pp. 803-813, (2008); 
Hydrologic Analysis of A Semi Arid Watershed Using Kinematic Wave and Scs Flow Models D, (2012); 
Hydrologic Modeling System HEC Hms M, (2009)
PUBLISHER: Institute of Engineering Mechanics (IEM)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wa̧sowski, J., McSaveney, M., Pisano, L., Del Gaudio, V., Li, Y., Hu, W.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wa̧sowski, Janusz (7003384266); McSaveney, Maurice J. (35615825700); Pisano, Luca (56675659000); Del Gaudio, Vincenzo (6701701953); Li, Yusen (58954776600); Hu, Wei (42361224100)
7003384266; 35615825700; 56675659000; 6701701953; 58954776600; 42361224100
Recurrent rock avalanches progressively dismantle a mountain ridge in Beichuan County, Sichuan, most recently in the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake
(2021) Geomorphology, 374, art. no. 107492, Cited 20 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2020.107492
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85097419564&doi=10.1016%2Fj.geomorph.2020.107492&partnerID=40&md5=129f950d4c389c962cce4437dae25e91

AFFILIATIONS: Istituto Di Ricerca Per La Protezione Idrogeologica, Perugia, Perugia, PG, Italy; State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; GNS Science, Lower Hutt, WGN, New Zealand; Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e Geoambientali, Università degli studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, BA, Italy
ABSTRACT: Large earthquake-triggered landslides, in particular rock avalanches, can have catastrophic consequences. However, without accelerometer records, the recognition of slopes prone to such failures remains difficult, because slope-specific seismic response depends on many factors including local topography, landforms, structure and internal geology. We address these issues by exploring the case of a rock avalanche of >3 million m3 triggered by the 2008 Mw7.9 Wenchuan earthquake in the Longmen Shan range, China. The failure, denominated Yangjia gully rock avalanche, occurred in Beichuan County (Sichuan Province), one of the areas that suffered the highest shaking intensity and death toll caused by co-seismic landsliding. Even though the Wenchuan earthquake produced tens of large (volume > 1 million m3) rock avalanches, many of which resulted in dangerous landslides, few studies so far have examined the pre-2008 history of the failed slope or reported on the stratigraphic record of mass-movement deposits exposed along local river courses. The presented case of the Yangjia gully rock avalanche shows the importance of such attempts as they provide information on the recurrence of large slope failures and their associated hazards. Our effort stems from recognition, on 2005 satellite imagery, of topography and morphology indicative of a large, apparently pre-historic slope failure and the associated breached landslide dam, both features closely resembling the forms generated in the catastrophic 2008 earthquake. The follow-up reconstruction recognizes an earlier landslide deposit exhumed from beneath the 2008 Yangjia gully rock avalanche by fluvial erosion since May 2008. We infer a seismic trigger also for the pre-2008 rock avalanche based on the following circumstantial evidence: i) the same source area (valley-facing, terminal portion of a flat-topped, elongated mountain ridge) located within one and a half kilometer of the seismically active Beichuan fault; ii) significant directional amplification of ground vibration, sub-parallel to the failed slope direction, detected via ambient noise measurements on the ridge adjacent to the source area of the 2008 rock avalanche and iii) common depositional and textural features of the two landslide deposits. Then, we show how, through consideration of the broader geomorphic and seismo-tectonic contexts, one can gain insight into the spatial and temporal recurrence of catastrophic slope failures in Beichuan County and elsewhere in the Longmen Shan. This insight, combined with local-scale geologic and geomorphologic knowledge, may guide selection of suspect slopes for reconnaissance, wide-area ambient noise investigation aimed at discriminating their relative susceptibility to co-seismic catastrophic failures. We indicate the feasibility of such investigations through the example of this study, which uses 3-component velocimeters designed to register low amplitude ground vibration. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Ambient noise; Co-seismic rock avalanche; Landslide dam; Wenchuan earthquake, Longmen Shan
INDEX KEYWORDS: ambient noise; catastrophic event; coseismic process; earthquake magnitude; earthquake mechanism; geomorphological response; landslide; rock avalanche; seismic response; Sichuan earthquake 2008; slope failure; trigger mechanism; Beichuan; China; Longmen Mountains; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Brideau, Marc André, Mass Movement in Bedrock, pp. 43-90, (2015); 
Burchfiel, B. Clark, Tectonics of the Longmen Shan and Adjacent Regions, Central China, International Geology Review, 37, 8, pp. 661-735, (1995); 
Burjánek, Jan, Empirical evidence of local seismic effects at sites with pronounced topography: A systematic approach, Geophysical Journal International, 197, 1, pp. 608-619, (2014); 
Burjánek, Jan, Ambient vibration characterization and monitoring of a rock slope close to collapse, Geophysical Journal International, 212, 1, pp. 297-310, (2018); 
She Fa Chen, Active faulting and block movement associated with large earthquakes in the Min Shan and Longmen Mountains, northeastern Tibetan Plateau, Journal of Geophysical Research, 99, B12, pp. 24-38, (1994); 
undefined, (2001); 
Cruden, David M., Landslide types and processes, Special Report - National Research Council, Transportation Research Board, 247, pp. 36-75, (1996); 
Cui, Peng, The Wenchuan Earthquake (May 12, 2008), Sichuan Province, China, and resulting geohazards, Natural Hazards, 56, 1, pp. 19-36, (2011); 
Dai, Fuchu, The 1786 earthquake-triggered landslide dam and subsequent dam-break flood on the Dadu River, southwestern China, Geomorphology, 65, 3-4, pp. 205-221, (2005); 
Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GREEN ACCEPTED OPEN ACCESS; GREEN OPEN ACCESS

Xiong, J., Tang, C., Chen, M., Zhang, X., Shi, Q., Gong, L.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Xiong, Jiang (57217517892); Tang, Chuan (35932953300); Chen, Ming (57199453005); Zhang, Xianzheng (57219298270); Shi, Qingyun (57217257328); Gong, Lingfeng (57215612725)
57217517892; 35932953300; 57199453005; 57219298270; 57217257328; 57215612725
Activity characteristics and enlightenment of the debris flow triggered by the rainstorm on 20 August 2019 in Wenchuan County, China
(2021) Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 80 (2), pp. 873 - 888, Cited 64 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s10064-020-01981-x
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85092106027&doi=10.1007%2Fs10064-020-01981-x&partnerID=40&md5=6da93776a1fb2497df1ffe0f377df895

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: Debris flow activity increased after the Wenchuan earthquake, and many debris flows continue to occur. Recently, a catastrophic debris flow event was triggered by strong rainfall on 20 August 2019 in Wenchuan County, China. The main purposes of this article are to analyse the activity characteristics of this disaster and further to analyse the long-term activity of debris flow in Wenchuan County based on the analysis results of this disaster. According to a field survey and remote sensing image interpretation, this strong rainfall triggered 15 debris flows that occurred simultaneously in the large watershed in northern Wenchuan County, and they were characterised by strong channel erosion and a disaster chain effect. The activity and sediment supply capacity of landslides have decreased significantly, and the landslides that provided materials for this debris flow event are mainly distributed on both banks of tributaries. The amounts of triggering rainfall and antecedent accumulated rainfall for this debris flow event were 13.7 mm and 47.1 mm, respectively. In addition, the channel runoff formed by strong short-duration rainfall eroded the channel deposits, and temporary check dams failed due to slope failures; these are the main causes for debris flows in the next period. Analyses of the debris flow volume versus watershed area and the maximum erosion modulus prove that the debris flow activity in Wenchuan County is decreasing with time, but more than 5~10 years will be required to recover to the pre-earthquake level. © 2020, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flow; Debris flow activity; Sediment supply; Strong rainfall; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Debris; Disasters; Earthquakes; Erosion; Landslides; Rain; Remote sensing; Storms; Watersheds; Accumulated rainfall; Debris flow activities; Large watersheds; Pre-earthquake levels; Remote sensing image interpretations; Short duration rainfalls; Watershed areas; Wenchuan Earthquake; Runoff; debris flow; disaster management; extreme event; landslide; precipitation intensity; sediment transport; Sichuan earthquake 2008; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Chang, Ming, Evolution process of sediment supply for debris flow occurrence in the Longchi area of Dujiangyan City after the Wenchuan earthquake, Landslides, 12, 3, pp. 611-623, (2015); 
Chen, Ningsheng, The critical rainfall characteristics for torrents and debris flows in the Wenchuan earthquake stricken area, Journal of Mountain Science, 6, 4, pp. 362-372, (2009); 
Chen, N. Sh, The processes and mechanism of failure and debris flow initiation for gravel soil with different clay content, Geomorphology, 121, 3-4, pp. 222-230, (2010); 
Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011); 
Fan, Xuanmei, What we have learned from the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake and its aftermath: A decade of research and challenges, Engineering Geology, 241, pp. 25-32, (2018); 
Fan, Ruilin, Evolution of debris flow activities in Gaojiagou Ravine during 2008–2016 after the Wenchuan earthquake, Engineering Geology, 235, pp. 1-10, (2018); 
Fan, Xuanmei, Earthquake-Induced Chains of Geologic Hazards: Patterns, Mechanisms, and Impacts, Reviews of Geophysics, 57, 2, pp. 421-503, (2019); 
Fan, Xuanmei, Two multi-temporal datasets that track the enhanced landsliding after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Earth System Science Data, 11, 1, pp. 35-55, (2019); 
Ge, Yonggang, Catastrophic debris flows on July 10th 2013 along the Min River in areas seriously-hit by the Wenchuan earthquake, Journal of Mountain Science, 12, 1, pp. 186-206, (2015); 
Guo, Xiaojun, Intensity-duration threshold of rainfall-triggered debris flows in the Wenchuan Earthquake affected area, China, Geomorphology, 253, pp. 208-216, (2016)
PUBLISHER: Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Fan, X., Ali, A.P., Scaringi, G., Catani, F., Siva Subramanian, S.S., Xu, Q., Huang, R.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Fan, Xuanmei (12752112800); Ali, P. Yunus (56600185700); Scaringi, Gianvito (56335047900); Catani, Filippo (7003483555); Siva Subramanian, Srikrishnan (57214766764); Xu, Qiang (56506033600); Huang, Runqui (57217443292)
12752112800; 56600185700; 56335047900; 7003483555; 57214766764; 56506033600; 57217443292
Rapidly Evolving Controls of Landslides After a Strong Earthquake and Implications for Hazard Assessments
(2021) Geophysical Research Letters, 48 (1), art. no. e2020GL090509, Cited 97 times.
DOI: 10.1029/2020GL090509
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85099404876&doi=10.1029%2F2020GL090509&partnerID=40&md5=909fdbe703e279c873e072ce4fe3ed4e

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Engineering Geology and Applied Geophysics, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Geosciences, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padua, PD, Italy
ABSTRACT: Strong earthquakes, especially on mountain slopes, can generate large amounts of unconsolidated deposits, prone to remobilization by aftershocks and rainstorms. Assessing the hazard they pose and what drives their movement in the years following the mainshock has not yet been attempted, primarily because multitemporal landslide inventories are lacking. By exploiting a multitemporal inventory (2005–2018) covering the epicentral region of the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake and a set of conditioning factors (seismic, topographic, and hydrological), we perform statistical tests to understand the temporal evolution of these factors affecting debris remobilizations. Our analyses, supported by a random-forest susceptibility assessment model, reveal a prediction capability of seismic-related variables declining with time, as opposed to hydro-topographic parameters gaining importance and becoming predominant within a decade. These results may have important implications on the way conventional susceptibility/hazard assessment models should be employed in areas where coseismic landslides are the main sediment production mechanism on slopes. © 2020. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: controlling factor; earthquake-induced landslide; hazard assessment; machine learning; susceptibility assessment; Wenchuan Earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Decision trees; Earthquakes; Hazards; Machine learning; Storms; Assessment models; Controlling factors; Earthquake-induced landslides; Hazard Assessment; Machine-learning; Multi-temporal; Remobilization; Strong earthquakes; Susceptibility assessment; Wenchuan Earthquake; Landslides
REFERENCES: Alhaj, Taqwa Ahmed, Feature selection using information gain for improved structural-based alert correlation, PLOS ONE, 11, 11, (2016); 
Understanding Regression Analysis, (1997); 
Andrews, James, Using information gain to analyze and fine tune the performance of Supply Chain Trading Agents, Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, 13 LNBIP, pp. 182-199, (2008); 
Brocca, Luca, Soil as a natural rain gauge: Estimating global rainfall from satellite soil moisture data, Journal of Geophysical Research, 119, 9, pp. 5128-5141, (2014); 
Carro, Monica, The application of predictive modeling techniques to landslides induced by earthquakes: The case study of the 26 September 1997 Umbria-Mache earthquake (Italy), Engineering Geology, 69, 1-2, pp. 139-159, (2003); 
Catani, Filippo, Landslide susceptibility estimation by random forests technique: Sensitivity and scaling issues, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 13, 11, pp. 2815-2831, (2013); 
Chen, Ming, The long-term evolution of landslide activity near the epicentral area of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China, Geomorphology, 367, (2020); 
Chen, Yu, Mapping post-earthquake landslide susceptibility: A U-net like approach, Remote Sensing, 12, 17, (2020); 
Croissant, Thomas, Seismic cycles, earthquakes, landslides and sediment fluxes: Linking tectonics to surface processes using a reduced-complexity model, Geomorphology, 339, pp. 87-103, (2019); 
Dadson, Simon J., Earthquake-triggered increase in sediment delivery from an active mountain belt, Geology, 32, 8, pp. 733-736, (2004)
PUBLISHER: John Wiley and Sons Inc
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GREEN ACCEPTED OPEN ACCESS; GREEN OPEN ACCESS; HYBRID GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Towhata, I.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Towhata, Ikuo (7004309093)
7004309093
Earthquake-induced landslides: complicated mechanisms and outputs
(2021), Cited 0 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85184350499&partnerID=40&md5=c3679fec0d633f9d385cf87d62ee5864

AFFILIATIONS: Kanto Gakuin University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
ABSTRACT: Earthquake-induced landslide is not a new topic and there were many studies in the 20th Century. After those great achievements, a new direction has been shown by experience of gigantic earthquakes toward the end of the 20th Century and at the beginning of the 21st Century. Those big quakes include the 1999 Chi-chi earthquake, the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, the 2011 Tohoku earthquake and many others. Because those quakes were caused by rupture of very long faults, the former idea of “epicenter” has to be replaced by “rupture zone” now. Compound effects of seismic shaking with rainfall appear to affect the damage extent profoundly. The long-term instability of shaken slopes during the aftermath stage is a new threat to a local community. Landslide dam is also an important threat as well. Because seismic landslide starts near the top of a mountain, the topographic amplification is supposed to trigger land slip via tension/toppling mechanism in place of the conventional idea of shear failure. The importance of tsunamigenic landslide is understood nowadays after several bad experiences. Thus, research and practice of earthquake-induced landslide encounter different problems and are required to pose new viewpoints. In this regard, this paper attempts to introduce what are known to date and exhibit future direction. © 2021 Landslides and Engineered Slopes. Experience, Theory and Practice
INDEX KEYWORDS: Landslides; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; 2011 tohoku earthquakes; 20th century; ChiChi earthquake; Compound effect; Earthquake-induced landslides; Epicentre; Rupture zone; Theory and practice; Very long faults; Earthquakes
REFERENCES: Revista Geografica De America Central, (2013); 
Chang, Kuo Jen, Geological and morphological study of the Jiufengershan landslide triggered by the Chi-Chi Taiwan earthquake, Geomorphology, 71, 3-4, pp. 293-309, (2005); 
Jour Japan Soc Eng Geol, (2012); 
Costa, John E., FORMATION AND FAILURE OF NATURAL DAMS., Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 100, 7, pp. 1054-1068, (1988); 
U S Geol Surv Prof Pap, (1966); 
Dellow, Sally, Landslides caused by the Mw7.8 Kaikōura earthquake and the immediate response, Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering, 50, 2, pp. 106-116, (2017); 
Landslides, (2002); 
Historical Earthquakes, (2002); 
Tsengwen Reservoir Siltation Problem and Remedial Strategy, (2012); 
Hsü, Kenneth Jinghwa, Catastrophic debris streams (sturzstroms) generated by rockfalls, Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 86, 1, pp. 129-140, (1975)
PUBLISHER: International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering
CONFERENCE NAME: 13th Landslides and Engineered Slopes. Experience, Theory and Practice, ISL
CONFERENCE DATE: 2021-02-22 through 2021-02-26
CONFERENCE LOCATION: Virtual, Online
CONFERENCE CODE: 196300
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Cui, S., Yang, Q., Zhu, L., Pei, X., Wang, S., Liang, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Cui, Shenghua (56660242900); Yang, Qingwen (57192083411); Zhu, Ling (57210012612); Pei, Xiangjun (14058672500); Wang, Shanyong (7410342176); Liang, Jing (57224920814)
56660242900; 57192083411; 57210012612; 14058672500; 7410342176; 57224920814
The Role of Tectonic Discontinuities in Triggering Large Seismic Landslides
(2021) Lithosphere, 2021 (SpecialIssue 7), art. no. 3196788, Cited 8 times.
DOI: 10.2113/2022/3196788
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85125077498&doi=10.2113%2F2022%2F3196788&partnerID=40&md5=0b24462985122c07e70389da602bf131

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Uji, Kyoto, Japan; Priority Research Centre for Geotechnical Science and Engineering, The University of Newcastle, Australia, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
ABSTRACT: Rock landslides are generally controlled by a series of discontinuous interfaces formed by damage to complex structural rock masses that is related to folds, faults, and shear zones, which provide potential failure boundaries. Based on a detailed case study, the authors illustrate that structural damage not only aﬀects the 3D boundaries of landslides but also signiﬁcantly controls the initiation mode. In this paper, six large landslides triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake (Ms 8.0) in the carbonate strata within two wings of an anticline are selected as examples. A detailed geological engineering investigation, rock mass testing, and rock mass quality assessment are performed. The results of the research show that landslides near the core of the anticline may be closely related to the geological strength index, while landslides far away from the core of the anticline are more likely to be controlled by the preexisting weak zone within the slope. In addition, the combination of structural planes and weak zones further determines the initiation mode. A comparison of earthquake-induced landslides with gravity-induced landslides reveals that strong earthquakes accelerate the process of geomorphic erosion by reducing the geological strength index (GSI) values of landslides. Finally, this study proposes that the damage to rock masses in complex tectonic environments is of great importance to assess the location, initiation mechanism, and mode of potential large-scale landslides caused by strong earthquakes. © © 2022 Shenghua Cui et al. Exclusive Licensee GeoScienceWorld. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0).
INDEX KEYWORDS: Earthquakes; Rock mechanics; Rocks; Tectonics; Case-studies; Fault zone; Geological strength index; Potential failures; Rock landslide; Rock-mass; Seismic landslides; Shear zone; Strong earthquakes; Structural damages; Landslides; anticline; discontinuity; earthquake damage; earthquake event; failure mechanism; landslide; rock mass classification; Sichuan earthquake 2008
REFERENCES: Huang, Runqiu, The landslide story, Nature Geoscience, 6, 5, pp. 325-326, (2013); 
Yin, Yueping, Landslide hazards triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China, Landslides, 6, 2, pp. 139-152, (2009); 
Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011); 
Görüm, Tolga, Distribution pattern of earthquake-induced landslides triggered by the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Geomorphology, 133, 3-4, pp. 152-167, (2011); 
Qi, Shengwen, Spatial distribution analysis of landslides triggered by 2008.5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake, China, Engineering Geology, 116, 1-2, pp. 95-108, (2010); 
Xu, Qiang, Spatial distribution of large-scale landslides induced by the 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake, Journal of Mountain Science, 8, 2, pp. 246-260, (2011); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2025); 
Konagai Ed Investigation Report on the May 12th 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake China, (2009); 
Geologically Active Proceedings of the 11th Iaeg Congress, (2010); 
Cui, Shenghua, Liquefaction within a bedding fault: Understanding the initiation and movement of the Daguangbao landslide triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake (Ms = 8.0), Engineering Geology, 295, (2021)
PUBLISHER: Geoscienceworld
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Fernández, F., Vargas, E., Müller, A.L., Velloso, R.Q., Leal Sousa, R.L., Ribeiro e Sousa, L., Sousa Oliveira, C.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Fernández, Fabricio (57212385250); Vargas, Euripedes A. (56435670600); Müller, André Luís (57199147106); Velloso, Raquel Quadros (8091167400); Leal Sousa, Rita Leal E. (54794519500); Ribeiro e Sousa, Luís Ribeiroe (34969627600); Sousa Oliveira, Carlos (57214600460)
57212385250; 56435670600; 57199147106; 8091167400; 54794519500; 34969627600; 57214600460
Landslide Occurrences in China during Wenchuan Earthquake
(2021), 1, pp. 568 - 676, Cited 0 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85123049175&partnerID=40&md5=19f0770e6039b5d4d08028a9673fc54e

AFFILIATIONS: Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, United States; Universidade do Porto, Porto, Porto, Portugal; Instituto Superior Técnico, Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
ABSTRACT: Landslide disasters, one of the most destructive geo-hazards, often have serious consequences that range from economic losses to fatalities. Earthquakes, particularly those with strong ground motion, can trigger thousands of landslides in mountainous regions. The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake which occurred in China is such an example. The massive Daguangbao landslide is the largest landslide that occurred in this earthquake and it is modeled in this paper suing a 3D using the Material Point Method (MPM). Focus is on the failure mechanism and the run-out process of the failed mass due the earthquake interaction on the slope. The 3D model was developed considering the spatial variation of the materials into the domain. The constitutive modeling of the materials includes elastoplastic constitutive models with linear-softening and rock tensile strength cutoff. The numerical results in 3D are compared with previous results in 2D and with the reported topography of the characteristic section of the slope. The numerical results allowed estimating the onset and evolution of the failure surface and the formation of fragmented blocks. within the failing mass. This work also addresses a discussion about results and conclusion. © 2021 ARMA, American Rock Mechanics Association.
INDEX KEYWORDS: 3D modeling; Constitutive models; Earthquakes; Failure (mechanical); Losses; Rock mechanics; Tensile strength; Topography; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Daguangbao landslides; Economic loss; Failure mechanism; Geohazards; Material point methods; Mountainous regions; Numerical results; Strong ground motion; Wenchuan Earthquake; Landslides
REFERENCES: Bardenhagen, Scott G., The generalized interpolation material point method, CMES - Computer Modeling in Engineering and Sciences, 5, 6, pp. 477-495, (2004); 
Chen, Xiaoli, Earthquake-triggered landslides in southwest China, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 12, 2, pp. 351-363, (2012); 
Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011); 
Understanding the Causes and Effects of Earthquake Induced Landslide Dams, (2013); 
Fan, Xuanmei, Simulating dam-breach flood scenarios of the Tangjiashan landslide dam induced by the Wenchuan Earthquake, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 12, 10, pp. 3031-3044, (2012); 
Numerical Modeling of Geotechnical Problems of Large Deformations Using the Material Point Method, (2020); 
Computational Particle Mechanics, (2019); 
Gomes, Roberto Arnaldo Trancoso, Combining spatial models for shallow landslides and debris-flows prediction, Remote Sensing, 5, 5, pp. 2219-2237, (2013); 
Görüm, Tolga, Distribution pattern of earthquake-induced landslides triggered by the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Geomorphology, 133, 3-4, pp. 152-167, (2011); 
Toward A Better Understanding Earthquake Triggered Landslide an Analysis of the Size Distribution Pattern and Characteristics of Coseismic Landslides in Different Tectonic and Geomorphic Environments Phd Thesis, (2013)
PUBLISHER: American Rock Mechanics Association (ARMA)
CONFERENCE NAME: 55th U.S. Rock Mechanics / Geomechanics Symposium 2021
CONFERENCE DATE: 2021-06-18 through 2021-06-25
CONFERENCE LOCATION: Houston, Virtual
CONFERENCE CODE: 175961
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Guo, B., Subrahmanyam, M.V., Li, A., Liu, G.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Guo, Biyun (43161091100); Subrahmanyam, Mantravadi Venkata (7102420236); Li, Aiguo (57363470500); Liu, Guangzhe (57195741631)
43161091100; 7102420236; 57363470500; 57195741631
Application of remote sensing technology to monitoring of vegetation recovery and regional precipitation in wenchuan earthquake area: Case study of Longxi River Basin
(2021) Sensors and Materials, 33 (11), pp. 3693 - 3708, Cited 1 times.
DOI: 10.18494/SAM.2021.3337
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85120657308&doi=10.18494%2FSAM.2021.3337&partnerID=40&md5=f0eb0c879ad60ca6f68eabc7eabcb329

AFFILIATIONS: Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China; Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China; Zhoushan Natural Resource Surveying and Mapping Design Center, Zhoushan, China; College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
ABSTRACT: The Wenchuan earthquake occurred in Sichuan Province, China, on May 12, 2008, and caused a large number of secondary geological disasters such as collapses, debris flows, and landslides, as well as extensive damage to local vegetation. The earthquake had an impact on the regional climate, seriously affecting the sustainable development of the regional environment and economy. In this study, the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was used to characterize the vegetation status, which was calculated from images acquired by the MODIS sensor. Based on the vegetation cover and precipitation of the area affected by the Wenchuan earthquake over about 70 years, in this paper we analyze the characteristics of vegetation changes and their impact on the climate after the earthquake. The results revealed that the above secondary geological disasters caused by the earthquake destroyed vegetation. After the earthquake, NDVI decreased from 0.394 in 2007 to 0.383 on July 1, 2008, and then increased year by year to 0.413 in 2015, except in 2010. During the two years after the earthquake, several large-scale debris flows occurred in this area, damaging the surface vegetation, so the vegetation coverage was low in 2010. The change of the land cover has an indirect impact on the local precipitation. The annual and seasonal (except winter) precipitation trended downward from 1948 to 2018, with an annual average decrease of 1.6069 mm, but trended upward from 2008 to 2018, with an annual average increase of 14.012 mm, after the Wenchuan earthquake, indicating the recovery of vegetation. The increased vegetation promoted regional precipitation, but the interaction mechanism between the vegetation cover and the precipitation is complex. The effect of the vegetation differs in different regions and cannot be generalized. This study provides theoretical support for vegetation restoration and environmental management in areas with strong earthquakes. © MYU K.K.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Earthquake; Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI); Precipitation; Remote sensing; Vegetation coverage
INDEX KEYWORDS: Debris; Disasters; Earthquakes; Environmental management; Geology; Remote sensing; Sustainable development; Annual average; Debris flows; Earthquake; Geological disaster; Normalized difference vegetation index; Remote-sensing; Vegetation cover; Vegetation coverage; Wenchuan Earthquake; Vegetation
REFERENCES: Research of Environmental Sciences, (2008); 
Cui, Peng, Destruction of vegetation due to geo-hazards and its environmental impacts in the Wenchuan earthquake areas, Ecological Engineering, 44, pp. 61-69, (2012); 
Li, Zhenwang, Monitoring geologic hazards and vegetation recovery in the wenchuan earthquake region using aerial photography, ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 3, 1, pp. 368-390, (2014); 
Cui, Peng, The 12 May Wenchuan earthquake-induced landslide lakes: Distribution and preliminary risk evaluation, Landslides, 6, 3, pp. 209-223, (2009); 
Earth Science Frontiers, (2009); 
M8 0 Wenchuan Earthquake, (2010); 
Zhu, Mengcheng, A load-carrier perspective examination on the change of ecological environment carrying capacity during urbanization process in China, Science of the Total Environment, 714, (2020); 
J Climate, (1991); 
Bagley, Justin E., Drought and deforestation: Has land cover change influenced recent precipitation extremes in the Amazon?, Journal of Climate, 27, 1, pp. 345-361, (2014); 
J Climate, (1990)
PUBLISHER: M Y U Scientific Publishing Division
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Cui, F., Xiong, C., Wu, Q., Xu, C., Li, N., Wu, N., Cui, L.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Cui, Fangpeng (24279638600); Xiong, Chen (57215601394); Wu, Qiang (35468560800); Xu, Chong (35184309900); Li, Ning (57221722599); Wu, Ning'an (57226425793); Cui, Li (57226417202)
24279638600; 57215601394; 35468560800; 35184309900; 57221722599; 57226425793; 57226417202
Dynamic response of the Daguangbao landslide triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake with a composite hypocenter
(2021) Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk, 12 (1), pp. 2170 - 2193, Cited 13 times.
DOI: 10.1080/19475705.2021.1944916
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85111522010&doi=10.1080%2F19475705.2021.1944916&partnerID=40&md5=47b680f8c43bc00dbd50b22e0e3cb01d

AFFILIATIONS: School of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology, Beijing, Beijing, China; National Engineering Research Center of Coal Mine Water Hazard Controlling, Beijing, Beijing, China; Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China; Ministry of Emergency Management of China, Beijing, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: To identify the correspondence between the different dynamic responses of the Daguangbao landslide and the different faulting mechanisms of the composite-hypocenter, the whole hypocenter of the Wenchuan earthquake was divided into four sub-hypocenters. On another hand, based on the location of the Dauangbao landslide, the composite-hypocenter was divided into the Initial Sub-hypocenter, the Approaching Sub-hypocenter, the Local Sub-hypocenter, the Receding sub-hypocenter and the Terminal sub-hypocenter. Subsequently, dynamic response of the landslide was modeled by using UDEC software. The results show that progressive damage and critical failure of the mega landslide are triggered by the second sub-hypocenter. Simutaneously, with respect to the second classification basis, its progressive damage is induced by the Approaching Hypocenter and the Local Hypocenter in time sequence. The Local Hypocenter triggers its critical failure. During the long-runout stage, besides the local topography, its self-gravity poses a dominant contribution to the dynamic responses of the landslide. Especially, the inertial seismic force is another key factor that triggers the ejection stage of the landslide. The following seismic forces triggered by the corresponding sub-hypocenter influence the long-runout stage slightly. The horizontal seismic force poses a dominant contribution to the progressive damage and critical failure of the mega landslide. © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: A composite hypocentre; dip-slip faulting mechanism; initial sub-hypocenter; local sub-hypocenter; oblique-slip faulting mechanism; strike-slip faulting mechanism; terminal sub-hypocenter
INDEX KEYWORDS: Earthquakes; Landslides; Topography; Critical failures; Daguangbao landslides; Dominant contributions; Horizontal seismic force; Local topography; Progressive damage; Seismic forces; Wenchuan Earthquake; Dynamic response
REFERENCES: Basharat, Muhammad, Using PCA in evaluating event-controlling attributes of landsliding in the 2005 Kashmir earthquake region, NW Himalayas, Pakistan, Natural Hazards, 81, 3, pp. 1999-2017, (2016); 
Wit Transactions on Ecology and the Environment C A Brebbia Ed, (2004); 
Chang, Ming, Hazard assessment of debris flows in the Wenchuan earthquake-stricken area, South West China, Landslides, 14, 5, pp. 1783-1792, (2017); 
Chen, Houqun, Wenchuan Earthquake and seismic safety of large dams, Shuili Xuebao/Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 39, 10, pp. 1158-1167, (2008); 
Chen, Hongxin, Evolution of debris flow properties and physical interactions in debris-flow mixtures in the Wenchuan earthquake zone, Engineering Geology, 182, PB, pp. 136-147, (2014); 
Chernous, P. A., Studies of seismic effects on snow stability on mountain slopes, 20, pp. 62-73, (2006); 
Chigira, Masahiro, Geological causes and geomorphological precursors of the Tsaoling landslide triggered by the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake, Taiwan, Engineering Geology, 68, 3-4, pp. 259-273, (2003); 
Chigira, Masahiro, Landslides induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China, Geomorphology, 118, 3-4, pp. 225-238, (2010); 
Chigira, Masahiro, Geological and geomorphological characteristics of landslides triggered by the 2004 Mid Niigta prefecture earthquake in Japan, Engineering Geology, 82, 4, pp. 202-221, (2006); 
Bull Seism Soc Am, (1968)
PUBLISHER: Taylor and Francis Ltd.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Yang, B., Hou, J., Liu, Y., Zhou, Z.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Yang, Bing (59603541000); Hou, Jiangrong (57223899646); Liu, Yifei (57191598397); Zhou, Zihong (57223884028)
59603541000; 57223899646; 57191598397; 57223884028
Dynamic response and failure characteristics of slope with weak interlayer under action of near-fault ground motion
(2021) Shock and Vibration, 2021, art. no. 5595278, Cited 8 times.
DOI: 10.1155/2021/5595278
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85106395154&doi=10.1155%2F2021%2F5595278&partnerID=40&md5=e9b26e88c8847674bc036cb9faa3ebe8

AFFILIATIONS: School of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
ABSTRACT: Investigations into the Wenchuan earthquake (2008, China) demonstrated that landslides were concentrated in the near-fault areas, and numerous large-scale landslides occurred in slopes with weak interlayers. A mathematical model was established based on the shear beam theory, while a numerical model was developed based on the discrete element method which perfectly matched layer boundary theory. Through a theoretical analysis and numerical simulation, the dynamic response and failure modes of the slope with a weak interlayer under the near-fault ground motion were studied. It was found that a combined effect took place between the near-fault ground motion and the weak interlayer, causing the slope near a fault to be destroyed more easily. The coupling between the near-fault ground motion and the weak interlayer leads to a maximum amplification effect of the slope. The existence of a weak interlayer induces nonconforming vibration between the upper and the lower rock masses of the interlayer. The variation in the amplification effect along the slope elevation is related to the ratio of the input seismic period to the natural slope period. Under horizontal ground motion, weak interlayers will be subjected to impacting and shearing action. The failure mode of the slope with a weak interlayer under near-fault ground motion can be expressed as a trailing edge tension crack, as well as weak interlayer impacting and shearing failure. © 2021 Bing Yang et al.
INDEX KEYWORDS: Dynamic response; Earthquakes; Finite difference method; Landslides; Numerical methods; Numerical models; Shearing; Amplification effects; Failure characteristics; Horizontal ground motion; Large-scale landslides; Near fault ground motion; Perfectly Matched Layer; Weak interlayers; Wenchuan Earthquake; Underground structures
REFERENCES: Huang, Runqiu, Development and distribution of geohazards triggered by the 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake in China, Science in China, Series E: Technological Sciences, 52, 4, pp. 810-819, (2009); 
Large Scale Landslides Induced by the Wenchuan Earthquake, (2009); 
Zhao, Bin, Field investigation on the performance of building structures during the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China, Engineering Structures, 31, 8, pp. 1707-1723, (2009); 
Xu, Qiang, Spatial distribution of large-scale landslides induced by the 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake, Journal of Mountain Science, 8, 2, pp. 246-260, (2011); 
Trifunac, Mihailo D., The role of strong motion rotations in the response of structures near earthquake faults, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 29, 2, pp. 382-393, (2009); 
Mavroeidis, George P., A mathematical representation of near-fault ground motions, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 93, 3, pp. 1099-1131, (2003); 
Burks, Lynne S., A predictive model for fling-step in near-fault ground motions based on recordings and simulations, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 80, pp. 119-126, (2016); 
Bray, Jonathan D., Characterization of forward-directivity ground motions in the near-fault region, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 24, 11, pp. 815-828, (2004); 
Wen, Zengping, Near-source strong ground motion characteristics of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 100, 5 B, pp. 2425-2439, (2010); 
Han, Qiang, Seismic damage of highway bridges during the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, 8, 2, pp. 263-273, (2009)
PUBLISHER: Hindawi Limited
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Xiang, M., Duan, L., Yang, J., Wang, C., Wei, F.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Xiang, Mingshun (50662335500); Duan, Linsen (57218939395); Yang, Jin (24741227200); Wang, Chunjian (57218935132); Wei, Fengran (57223151094)
50662335500; 57218939395; 24741227200; 57218935132; 57223151094
Regional evaluation and analysis of dynamic changes of the ecological environment after a high magnitude earthquake
(2021) Journal of Environmental Protection and Ecology, 22 (1), pp. 61 - 72, Cited 1 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85105083737&partnerID=40&md5=d4261014b28e706bcc63d5c38fa349fb

AFFILIATIONS: College of Tourism and Urban-Rural Planning, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: The authors established a pressure-state-response (P–S–R) evaluation system, using 3S technologyand comprehensive evaluation method, a systematic study on the fault effect of the dynamic changes in the study area’s ecological environment is conducted. The result shows that the ecological environment problems around the seismogenic fault are more prominent. The closer to the fault, the worse the ecological environment is. The area within 3 km from seismogenic fault is in high risk where the quality of the ecological environment is declining, and within the range of 0–2 km is the area where ecological environment declines most significantly. The susceptibility of geological disasters around the fault zone leads to a decline in the stability of the regional eco-system. The area surrounding the fault zone should be regarded as a key area for post-earthquake monitoring and ecological restoration. Seismogenic fault often has better natural resources and site conditions. Therefore, the speed of ecological restoration is significantly higher than that of other regions. In the process of ecological restoration and reconstruction, favourable factors around the seismogenic fault must be fully utilised to accelerate the recovery of the ecological environment. The research results are of great significance to the post-disaster ecological environment protection and coordinated socio-economic development. © 2021, Scibulcom Ltd.. All rights reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Beichuan large fault; Eco-environmental quality; Fault effect; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: disaster management; earthquake magnitude; environmental factor; environmental quality; fault propagation; fault zone; ground motion; seismogram; Sichuan earthquake 2008
REFERENCES: Stepanova, Katya, Approaches to natural hazard risk assessment and management in Ukraine, Journal of Environmental Protection and Ecology, 16, 3, pp. 908-918, (2015); 
Han, Yang, Long-term effects of housing damage on survivors’ health in rural China: Evidence from a survey 10 Years after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Social Science and Medicine, 270, (2021); 
Xiang, Mingshun, Characteristic analysis of vegetation spectral response under heavy metal stress of soil, Journal of Environmental Protection and Ecology, 19, 3, pp. 988-996, (2018); 
Research in Crustal Deformation in Longmenshan Fault Zone and Earthquake Fault Parameters Inversion, (2016); 
Zhang, Chunmin, Evaluation on the impacts of the Wenchuan Earthquake on ecological spatial pattern in landscape scale, Shengtai Xuebao, 28, 12, pp. 5938-5947, (2008); 
Rodríguez, Carlos E., Earthquake-induced landslides: 1980-1997, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 18, 5, pp. 325-346, (1999); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2009); 
Wang, Huan, Progress in the study of the Wenchuan earthquake faulting, Acta Geoscientica Sinica, 36, 3, pp. 257-269, (2015); 
Loucks, Colby J., The giant pandas of the Qinling Mountains, China: A case study in designing conservation landscapes for elevational migrants, Conservation Biology, 17, 2, pp. 558-565, (2003); 
Wu, Ning, A review of the impacts of earthquake on mountain ecosystems: Taking 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake as an example, Shengtai Xuebao, 28, 12, pp. 5810-5819, (2008)
PUBLISHER: Scibulcom Ltd.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Guo, B., Xie, T., Subrahmanyam, M.V.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Guo, Biyun (43161091100); Xie, Taiping (57211318563); Subrahmanyam, Mantravadi Venkata (7102420236)
43161091100; 57211318563; 7102420236
Rainfall runoff in small watershed after wenchuan earthquake in western china based on remote sensing technology – a case study of jianping gully watershed
(2021) Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 30 (3), pp. 2543 - 2552, Cited 3 times.
DOI: 10.15244/pjoes/129913
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85104394672&doi=10.15244%2Fpjoes%2F129913&partnerID=40&md5=9f1a6fcedb393819751603c0c77fc3b8

AFFILIATIONS: Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China; State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China; Rural Economy Institute, Tongling University, Tongling, Anhui, China
ABSTRACT: On May 12, 2008, the Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan Province, China caused surface damage, frequent landslides and debris flow, which further exacerbated the flash flood hazards. Two giant debris flows in Longxi River basin (located in Wenchuan county) occurred due to heavy rainfall after the earthquake: one was on August 13,2010, and the other on August 18,2010. Reduction and risk assessment of flash floods are the key issues in post-disaster reconstruction. Due to lack of sufficient research data, hydrological prediction models are employed as important and cost-efficient mitigation tools. Wenchuan earthquake area was taken as study site in order to illustrate the influence of geographical environmental changes on micro-mechanism of mountain floods. In this paper, hydrological observation and simulations using remote sensing data and the WMS HEC-1 model are carried out in the typical flood-hitting area (Jianping Gully basin, Dujiangyan City, Sichuan Province, China). The hydrological response of rainfall runoff is discussed. Precipitation over the study area affects the runoff and floods, however precipitation has positive relation with the peak flood discharge. The simulation shows that the peak flood and runoff volume on August 13, 2010 is close to a 10-year maximum. The flash flood was the main cause of the large debris flow on that event. However, peak runoff remains the same regardless of the intensity of rainfall, which may be due to the shape of the river basin and the initial conditions of the model setting. This paper can get better understanding of the forming mechanism, evolution process, distribution and assessment of torrential flood induced by a devastating earthquake. © 2021, HARD Publishing Company. All rights reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Curve number; Earthquake; Rainfall-runoff modeling; Remote sensing; WMS HEC-1
REFERENCES: Cui, Peng, Destruction of vegetation due to geo-hazards and its environmental impacts in the Wenchuan earthquake areas, Ecological Engineering, 44, pp. 61-69, (2012); 
Cui, Peng, Foreword: Special issue on Wenchuan earthquake geohazards, Environmental Earth Sciences, 65, 4, (2012); 
Cui, Peng, Prediction of debris-flow danger area by combining hydrological and inundation simulation methods, Journal of Mountain Science, 8, 1, pp. 1-9, (2011); 
Tang, Chuan, Rainfall-triggered debris flows following the Wenchuan earthquake, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 68, 2, pp. 187-194, (2009); 
Zanon, Franco, Hydrological analysis of a flash flood across a climatic and geologic gradient: The September 18, 2007 event in Western Slovenia, Journal of Hydrology, 394, 1-2, pp. 182-197, (2010); 
Halwatura, Devanmini, Application of the HEC-HMS model for runoff simulation in a tropical catchment, Environmental Modelling and Software, 46, pp. 155-162, (2013); 
Journal of Applied Sciences, (2010); 
Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011); 
Study the Development Regularity and Control Measures in Longchi Before and After the 5 12 Earthquake, (2011); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2011)
PUBLISHER: HARD Publishing Company
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Chen, X.-L., Chuan, Y., Wei, Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Chen, Xiaoli (8346444100); Chuan, Yijian (57219491719); Wei, Yankun (57222463302)
8346444100; 57219491719; 57222463302
Calculation of the Coseismic Landslide Volume Using DEMs: An Example from the Yingxiu Area, Wenchuan, Sichuan, China
(2021) Advances in Civil Engineering, 2021, art. no. 6646709, Cited 5 times.
DOI: 10.1155/2021/6646709
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85102763892&doi=10.1155%2F2021%2F6646709&partnerID=40&md5=522c4cf51829d433b3801767eb024264

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China; School of Mathematical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Volume calculation is important for quantifying the erosion driven by coseismic landslides in geomorphology. With the advent of digital elevation models (DEMs), quantifying features of landslide bodies have become possible, permitting to calculate the landslide volume in terms of elevation changes. To further test this approach, this work calculates the volume of landslides near the epicenter of the 2008 Mw 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake in the Yingxiu region, Sichuan, China, by comparing pre- A nd postearthquake DEMs. Results suggest that effective application of this method needs to consider the DEM resolution and eliminates background errors of individual landslides. The volume of coseismic landslides calculated by the proposed method may represent a minimum value compared to that from the existing empirical V-A formulas. Considering that it is difficult to quantify the coseismic landslide volume throughout in a broad region, this method can be applied to the preliminary stage of characterizing coseismic landslides quantitatively for some key localities of the affected area of major earthquakes. © 2021 Xiaoli Chen et al.
REFERENCES: Keefer, David K., The importance of earthquake-induced landslides to long-term slope erosion and slope-failure hazards in seismically active regions, Geomorphology, 10, 1-4, pp. 265-284, (1994); 
Hovius, Niels, Sediment flux from a mountain belt derived by landslide mapping, Geology, 25, 3, pp. 231-234, (1997); 
Malamud, Bruce D., Landslides, earthquakes, and erosion, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 229, 1-2, pp. 45-59, (2004); 
Korup, Oliver, The role of landslides in mountain range evolution, Geomorphology, 120, 1-2, pp. 77-90, (2010); 
Larsen, Isaac J., Landslide erosion controlled by hillslope material, Nature Geoscience, 3, 4, pp. 247-251, (2010); 
Parker, Robert N., Mass wasting triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake is greater than orogenic growth, Nature Geoscience, 4, 7, pp. 449-452, (2011); 
Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011); 
Qi, Shengwen, Source characteristics of long runout rock avalanches triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 896-906, (2011); 
Xu, Chong, Three (nearly) complete inventories of landslides triggered by the May 12, 2008 Wenchuan Mw 7.9 earthquake of China and their spatial distribution statistical analysis, Landslides, 11, 3, pp. 441-461, (2014); 
Xu, Chong, Optimized volume models of earthquake-triggered landslides, Scientific Reports, 6, (2016)
PUBLISHER: Hindawi Limited
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Sun, T., Deng, Z., Xu, Z., Wang, X.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Sun, Tong (57221588751); Deng, Zhiyuan (57221587285); Xu, Zexing (57203550351); Wang, Xiekang (8401481400)
57221588751; 57221587285; 57203550351; 8401481400
Volume estimation of landslide affected soil moisture using trigrs: A case study of longxi river small watershed in wenchuan earthquake zone, China
(2021) Water (Switzerland), 13 (1), art. no. 71, Cited 5 times.
DOI: 10.3390/w13010071
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85099504700&doi=10.3390%2Fw13010071&partnerID=40&md5=8a261ddd30aab94fabe8094348c9bbca

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: After the 2008 M<inf>w</inf> 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake, geological hazards occurred frequently in the southwest mountainous watershed. Frequent landslide disasters provide abundant sediment supply for mountain torrent disasters. The estimation of the potential landslide volume is essential for the risk assessment of mountain torrent disasters. In this study, a method of calculation that combines TRIGRS and the slope-units for estimating the landslide volume of a small mountainous watershed has been established. TRIGRS analyzes the watershed landslide safety factor under rainfall conditions based on grid-cells. The slope-units extract the results and combine the empirical power law formula to calculate the potential landslide volume. In this paper, we use this method to assess the landslide volume of the Longxi river basin. The results show that the area and volume estimates of the landslides are consistent with the results observed from satellite images and field surveys. This method can be used to study the impact of sediment transport on mountain torrent disasters in the basin. With different moisture content conditions, the results show that the soil moisture content and slope angle significantly affect the distribution and volume of potential landslides in the watershed, giving rise to the uncertainty of the landslide estimation. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Landslide volume; Mountain river; Slope-units; Soil moisture
INDEX KEYWORDS: Disasters; Earthquakes; Landforms; Moisture determination; Risk assessment; Risk perception; Safety factor; Sediment transport; Soil moisture; Watersheds; Different moisture contents; Geological hazards; Method of calculation; Power law formula; Rainfall condition; Small watersheds; Volume estimations; Wenchuan Earthquake; Landslides
REFERENCES: Duan, Weili, Floods and associated socioeconomic damages in China over the last century, Natural Hazards, 82, 1, pp. 401-413, (2016); 
Tu, Huawei, Flash flood early warning coupled with hydrological simulation and the rising rate of the flood stage in a mountainous small watershed in Sichuan province, China, Water (Switzerland), 12, 1, (2020); 
Chen, Xingzhang, The formation of the Wulipo landslide and the resulting debris flow in Dujiangyan City, China, Journal of Mountain Science, 14, 6, pp. 1100-1112, (2017); 
Wang, Jin, Controls on fluvial evacuation of sediment from earthquake-triggered landslides, Geology, 43, 2, pp. 115-118, (2015); 
Parker, Robert N., Mass wasting triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake is greater than orogenic growth, Nature Geoscience, 4, 7, pp. 449-452, (2011); 
Tang, Yixian, The deformation analysis of Wenjiagou giant landslide by the distributed scatterer interferometry technique, Landslides, 15, 2, pp. 347-357, (2018); 
Zhou, Jia-wen, Debris flows introduced in landslide deposits under rainfall conditions: The case of Wenjiagou gully, Journal of Mountain Science, 10, 2, pp. 249-260, (2013); 
Ran, Qihua, Impact of earthquake-induced-landslides on hydrologic response of a steep mountainous catchment: a case study of the Wenchuan earthquake zone, Journal of Zhejiang University: Science A, 16, 2, pp. 131-142, (2015); 
Dietrich, William Eric, Analysis of erosion thresholds, channel networks, and landscape morphology using a digital terrain model, Journal of Geology, 101, 2, pp. 259-278, (1993); 
Dietrich, William Eric, A process‐based model for colluvial soil depth and shallow landsliding using digital elevation data, Hydrological Processes, 9, 3-4, pp. 383-400, (1995)
PUBLISHER: MDPI AG
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS; GREEN ACCEPTED OPEN ACCESS; GREEN OPEN ACCESS

Yu, B., Yang, L., Chang, M., van Asch, T.W.J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Yu, Bin (37058094800); Yang, Lingwei (57216969165); Chang, Ming (36727157900); van Asch, Theodore W.J. (6701661708)
37058094800; 57216969165; 36727157900; 6701661708
A new prediction model on debris flows caused by runoff mechanism
(2021) Environmental Earth Sciences, 80 (1), art. no. 26, Cited 7 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s12665-020-09336-1
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85098801250&doi=10.1007%2Fs12665-020-09336-1&partnerID=40&md5=835698379397a78b3013c5f4e2ad0f62

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Faculty of Geosciences, Universiteit Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
ABSTRACT: In areas with strong earthquakes, the triggering rainfall threshold for debris flow initiation decreased dramatically just after the quake, but will increase gradually during the subsequent raining seasons, until the level before the quake. The channel width and particle size in the source area of debris flows in catchments decreased dramatically during a strong earthquake due to the supply of finer material in channels by co-seismic landslides. Debris flows in these areas are initiated by run-off water in channels and the presence of loose materials and narrowed channels leads to a significant decrease of the critical rainfall threshold for debris flow initiation just after the earthquake. The gradually coarsening of the material and widening of the channels during the subsequent raining seasons by debris flows and flashfloods will rise again the triggering threshold. Based on these important principles, a revised prediction model on debris flows is proposed, which incorporates the effect of channel width and the particle size of channel materials. The new prediction model was successfully validated on a group of debris flow events in Dechang, Sichuan Province, China. The new prediction model was also able to successfully simulate the change of the triggering rainfall threshold before and after the Wenchuan Earthquake in the Wenjia Gully, Sichuan Province, China, where five debris flow events happened during three subsequent rainy seasons after the earthquake. It is suggested that the new prediction model on debris flows (can also be applied) is also valid in non-seismic areas where significant loose material is available supplied by large landslides. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH, DE part of Springer Nature.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Channel width; Debris flow; Particle size; Prediction; Runoff
INDEX KEYWORDS: Catchments; Coarsening; Debris; Forecasting; Landslides; Particle size; Predictive analytics; Rain; Runoff; Channel materials; Critical rainfall thresholds; Rainfall thresholds; Seismic landslides; Sichuan province; Strong earthquakes; Triggering threshold; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes; catchment; channel flow; debris flow; landslide; particle size; prediction; rainfall; runoff; threshold; China; Dechang; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Alzo'ubi, A. K., State of the art, reconstruction of damaged zones: Transitory stresses effect and factors controlling rock mass stability, International Journal of GEOMATE, 14, 41, pp. 35-43, (2018); 
Chang, Tungchiung, The application of genetic algorithm in debris flows prediction, Environmental Geology, 53, 2, pp. 339-347, (2007); 
Chang, Dongsheng, Field testing of erodibility of two landslide dams triggered by the 12 May Wenchuan earthquake, Landslides, 8, 3, pp. 321-332, (2011); 
Chen, Hongxin, Evolution of debris flow properties and physical interactions in debris-flow mixtures in the Wenchuan earthquake zone, Engineering Geology, 182, PB, pp. 136-147, (2014); 
Domènech, Guillem, Modelling the role of material depletion, grain coarsening and revegetation in debris flow occurrences after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Engineering Geology, 250, pp. 34-44, (2019); 
Fan, Xuanmei, Spatio-temporal evolution of mass wasting after the 2008 Mw 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake revealed by a detailed multi-temporal inventory, Landslides, 15, 12, pp. 2325-2341, (2018); 
Fan, Ruilin, Evolution of debris flow activities in Gaojiagou Ravine during 2008–2016 after the Wenchuan earthquake, Engineering Geology, 235, pp. 1-10, (2018); 
Frank, Florian, Landslides and increased debris-flow activity: A systematic comparison of six catchments in Switzerland, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 44, 3, pp. 699-712, (2019); 
Gregoretti, Carlo, Rainfall threshold for the initiation of debris flows by channel-bed failure in the Dolomites, International Conference on Debris-Flow Hazards Mitigation: Mechanics, Prediction, and Assessment, Proceedings, pp. 11-21, (2007); 
Horton, Alexander J., Identifying post-earthquake debris flow hazard using Massflow, Engineering Geology, 258, (2019)
PUBLISHER: Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Li, Y., Hu, W., Wa̧sowski, J., Zheng, Y., McSaveney, M.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Li, Yan (55870385700); Hu, Wei (42361224100); Wa̧sowski, Janusz (7003384266); Zheng, Yangshuai (57217144312); McSaveney, Maurice J. (35615825700)
55870385700; 42361224100; 7003384266; 57217144312; 35615825700
Rapid episodic erosion of a cohesionless landslide dam: Insights from loss to scour of Yangjia Gully check dams and from flume experiments
(2021) Engineering Geology, 280, art. no. 105971, Cited 19 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2020.105971
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85097747392&doi=10.1016%2Fj.enggeo.2020.105971&partnerID=40&md5=c2b23d1e956dec3323bfc69485f2e428

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Istituto di Ricerca per la Protezione Idrogeologica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, RM, Italy; GNS Science, Lower Hutt, WGN, New Zealand
ABSTRACT: An underestimation of local scouring in loose cohesionless landslide deposits may cause rapid and episodic failure of a hazard mitigation structure. A rock avalanche triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake generated an abundance of erosion-sensitive sediment in Yangjia Gully, resulting in several debris flows. Twelve concrete pile check dams were constructed along the gully to mitigate debris flow hazard in 2017. However, three of the downstream check dams progressive collapsed during the next two years. Field investigations revealed at the downstream of most check dams an accelerating scour, which quickly led to their instability and failure. Energy dissipation structures built at the toe of the dams moderated the local scour but did not prevent it. Repeated field investigations and flume experiments were carried out to better understand the process of bed erosion. The erosion rate is substantially high, and appears to be irreversible without artificial intervention once a hydraulic drop is formed. The presented case in Yangjia Gully shows the consequence of underestimating rapid erosion. Furthermore, several suggestions are proposed for hazard mitigation engineering in erosion-sensitive deposit. © 2020
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Check dams; Debris-flow mitigation; Flume experiments; Landslide deposit; Local scouring
INDEX KEYWORDS: Dams; Debris; Deposits; Earthquakes; Energy dissipation; Erosion; Hazards; Landforms; Landslides; Piles; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Debris flow hazards; Energy dissipation structures; Field investigation; Flume experiment; Hazard mitigations; Landslide deposits; Local scouring; Scour; dam; debris flow; erosion rate; flume experiment; gully erosion; landslide; rock avalanche; scour
REFERENCES: Fluvial Hydraulics of Mountain Regions, (1991); 
undefined, (2018); 
undefined, (2019); 
Chen, Xiaoqing, Engineering measures for debris flow hazard mitigation in the Wenchuan earthquake area, Engineering Geology, 194, pp. 73-85, (2015); 
Chen, Hongxin, Simulation of interactions between debris flow and check dams on three-dimensional terrain, Engineering Geology, 251, pp. 48-62, (2019); 
Conesa-García, C., local scour estimation at check dams in torrential streams in south east Spain, Geografiska Annaler, Series A: Physical Geography, 91, 3, pp. 159-177, (2009); 
Fan, Xuanmei, Characteristics and classification of landslide dams associated with the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Geoenvironmental Disasters, 4, 1, (2017); 
Fan, Ruilin, Evolution of debris flow activities in Gaojiagou Ravine during 2008–2016 after the Wenchuan earthquake, Engineering Geology, 235, pp. 1-10, (2018); 
Fan, Xuanmei, What we have learned from the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake and its aftermath: A decade of research and challenges, Engineering Geology, 241, pp. 25-32, (2018); 
Fan, Xuanmei, Analyzing successive landslide dam formation by different triggering mechanisms: The case of the Tangjiawan landslide, Sichuan, China, Engineering Geology, 243, pp. 128-144, (2018)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Jiang, Z., Fan, X., Siva Subramanian, S.S., Yang, F., Tang, R., Xu, Q., Huang, R.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Jiang, Zhuoyan (57220832908); Fan, Xuanmei (12752112800); Siva Subramanian, Srikrishnan (57214766764); Yang, Fan (57200696169); Tang, Ran (25639104000); Xu, Qiang (56506033600); Huang, Runqiu (55835407700)
57220832908; 12752112800; 57214766764; 57200696169; 25639104000; 56506033600; 55835407700
Probabilistic rainfall thresholds for debris flows occurred after the Wenchuan earthquake using a Bayesian technique
(2021) Engineering Geology, 280, art. no. 105965, Cited 56 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2020.105965
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85097720436&doi=10.1016%2Fj.enggeo.2020.105965&partnerID=40&md5=5b9fd7b3e2b301fcfa34be5cbc1ce545

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Empirically derived rainfall thresholds of debris flows are used for regional-scale early warning. However, triggering rainfall intensities of post-seismic debris flows evolve with time, causing high false alarms since thresholds estimated by conventional methods ignore the uncertainty of non-triggering rainfall events. Based on 172 triggering rainfalls and 2396 non-triggering rainfalls from 2008 to 2013 after the Wenchuan earthquake, we analyzed the evolution of probabilistic rainfall thresholds for post-seismic debris flows using a Bayesian technique. We found, rainfall thresholds significantly decrease compared with pre-earthquake events initially and later tend to increase annually. Meanwhile, the triggering rainfall characteristics tend to gradually change from a short-duration high-intensity pattern to a long-duration and low-intensity pattern. We also checked the effect of antecedent precipitation on debris flows by defining an IET (inter-event time). Our results suggest the antecedent precipitation plays an important role in low-intensity long-duration rainfall-induced debris flows and has little effect on the short-duration high-intensity rainfall-induced debris flows. The characteristics of triggering rainfall for debris flows after the Wenchuan earthquake can be best reflected by IET = 7 h. By employing a Naïve Bayes algorithm, uncertainties of three rainfall threshold models, I-D (mean intensity-duration), I<inf>T</inf>-D (triggering intensity-duration), and I<inf>T</inf>-E (triggering intensity-cumulative rainfall) were investigated, and the I<inf>T</inf>-D model was found to perform best. The characteristics and evolution of debris flow rainfall thresholds over the years after the Wenchuan earthquake was best presented by the Bayesian probabilistic rainfall thresholds. We believe the results can be used to improve the precision of an early warning system for post-seismic debris flows. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Antecedent rainfall; Bayesian technique; Post-seismic debris flows; Probabilistic thresholds; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Debris; Rain; Uncertainty analysis; Bayesian techniques; Conventional methods; Cumulative rainfall; Early Warning System; High intensity rainfall; Rainfall characteristics; Rainfall thresholds; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes; Bayesian analysis; debris flow; early warning system; precipitation (climatology); probability; rainfall; Sichuan earthquake 2008
REFERENCES: Adams, Barry J., Meteorological data analysis for drainage system design, Journal of Environmental Engineering (United States), 112, 5, pp. 827-848, (1986); 
Aleotti, Pietro, A warning system for rainfall-induced shallow failures, Engineering Geology, 73, 3-4, pp. 247-265, (2004); 
Berti, Matteo, Probabilistic rainfall thresholds for landslide occurrence using a Bayesian approach, Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 117, 4, (2012); 
Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning, (2006); 
Bivand, Roger S., Implementing functions for spatial statistical analysis using the R language, Journal of Geographical Systems, 2, 3, pp. 307-317, (2000); 
Brunetti, Maria Teresa, Rainfall thresholds for the possible occurrence of landslides in Italy, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 10, 3, pp. 447-458, (2010); 
Caine, Nel, The rainfall intensity-duration control of shallow landslides and debris flows., Geografiska Annaler, Series A: Physical Geography, 62, 1-2, pp. 23-27, (1980); 
Cannon, Susan H., Storm rainfall conditions for floods and debris flows from recently burned areas in southwestern Colorado and southern California, Geomorphology, 96, 3-4, pp. 250-269, (2008); 
Chang, Chiwen, Estimation of sediment volume of debris flow caused by extreme rainfall in Taiwan, Engineering Geology, 123, 1-2, pp. 83-90, (2011); 
Chang, Ming, Hazard assessment of debris flows in the Wenchuan earthquake-stricken area, South West China, Landslides, 14, 5, pp. 1783-1792, (2017)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wang, G., Zhang, F., Furuya, G., Hayashi, K., Hu, W., McSaveney, M., Huang, R.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wang, Gonghui (8532560900); Zhang, Fanyu (57218542149); Furuya, Gen (56097317800); Hayashi, Koichi (7406144115); Hu, Wei (42361224100); McSaveney, Maurice J. (35615825700); Huang, Runqiu (55835407700)
8532560900; 57218542149; 56097317800; 7406144115; 42361224100; 35615825700; 55835407700
The debris avalanche in Donghekou area triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan (M8.0) earthquake: Features and possible transportation mechanisms
(2021) Engineering Geology, 280, art. no. 105922, Cited 16 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2020.105922
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85097069718&doi=10.1016%2Fj.enggeo.2020.105922&partnerID=40&md5=1d3bcd9940d830ab53340b3656dbb841

AFFILIATIONS: Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Geological Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China; Toyama Prefectural University, Imizu, Toyama, Japan; Geometric Ltd., San Francisco, CA, United States; State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; GNS Science, Lower Hutt, WGN, New Zealand
ABSTRACT: In 2008, the Wenchuan earthquake triggered many large landslides with rapid movement and long runouts, resulting in a great number of casualties. Although there have been many studies of the geographical features and initiation mechanisms of some catastrophic landslides, the movement mechanisms for many remain unclear. In this paper, we present a case study of a large landslide (debris avalanche) triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in the Donghekou area, Sichuan Province, China. We made detailed field surveys of the geographical features of the landslide and carried out subsurface investigations of the landslide deposits using microtremor array measurement and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT). Based on the observed surficial features, shear-wave velocity (Vs) profiles and 2D electrical resistivity profiles of the landslide deposits, we estimated the possible thickness of landslide deposits at different locations, and also analyzed the possible landsliding mechanisms. We inferred that this landslide resulted from retrogressive failures on the source area, and the displaced landslide materials underwent transitional spreading with further entrainment of debris along the travel path. Multiple mud waves might have been formed in the substrate soil layers along the travel path due to the entraining of landsliding materials, and the landsliding materials might have presented channelized movements, indicating that different parts may have moved at different speeds. This kind of transportation mechanism may provide information for elevating the numerical simulation of landsliding, and also for reuse of deposit area of large landslides. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris avalanche; Internal structure; Landslide deposits; Movement mechanism; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Debris; Deposits; Earthquakes; Electric conductivity; Shear flow; Shear waves; Soils; Wave propagation; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Catastrophic landslides; Electrical resistivity tomography; Geographical features; Initiation mechanism; Shear wave velocity; Subsurface investigations; Transportation mechanism; Landslides; debris avalanche; electrical resistivity; landslide; S-wave; seismic velocity; Sichuan earthquake 2008; transport process; China; Donghekou; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Aharonov, Einat, Hot water: A solution to the Heart Mountain detachment problem?, Geology, 34, 3, pp. 165-168, (2006); 
Anders, Mark H., Stratified granular media beneath large slide blocks: Implications for mode of emplacement, Geology, 28, 11, pp. 971-974, (2000); 
Berger, Catherine, Direct measurement of channel erosion by debris flows, Illgraben, Switzerland, Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 116, 1, (2011); 
Collins, Gareth S., Acoustic fluidization and the extraordinary mobility of sturzstroms, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 108, 10, (2003); 
Crosta, Giovanni Battista, Fragmentation in the Val Pola rock avalanche, Italian Alps, Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 112, 1, (2007); 
Crosta, Giovanni Battista, Numerical modelling of entrainment/deposition in rock and debris-avalanches, Engineering Geology, 109, 1-2, pp. 135-145, (2009); 
Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011); 
Dai, Fuchu, Rock avalanches triggered by oblique-thrusting during the 12 May 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Geomorphology, 132, 3-4, pp. 300-318, (2011); 
Davies, Timothy R.H., Dynamic simulation of the motion of fragmenting rock avalanches, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 39, 4, pp. 789-798, (2002); 
Dufresne, Anja, Granular flow experiments on the interaction with stationary runout path materials and comparison to rock avalanche events, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 37, 14, pp. 1527-1541, (2012)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Yao, X., Qi, S., Liu, C., Guo, S., Huang, X., Xu, C., Zheng, B., Zhan, Z., Zou, Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Yao, Xianglong (57219217730); Qi, Shengwen (55411952900); Liu, Chunling (37033271200); Guo, Songfeng (55961479200); Huang, Xiaoling Lin (55641402000); Xu, Chong (35184309900); Zheng, Bowen (57214452954); Zhan, Zhifa (56608696300); Zou, Yu (56461882000)
57219217730; 55411952900; 37033271200; 55961479200; 55641402000; 35184309900; 57214452954; 56608696300; 56461882000
An empirical attenuation model of the peak ground acceleration (PGA) in the near field of a strong earthquake
(2021) Natural Hazards, 105 (1), pp. 691 - 715, Cited 8 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11069-020-04332-x
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85091732293&doi=10.1007%2Fs11069-020-04332-x&partnerID=40&md5=c55f575f05f7543894564bfeeef9441e

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Shale Gas and Geoengineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Innovation Academy for Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources, Beijing, Beijing, China; National Institute of Natural Hazards, Ministry of Emergency Management of China, Beijing, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Empirical methods are commonly employed to predict the PGA distribution of an earthquake and are widely used. However, current empirical methods assume the seismic source to be a point source, a line source, or a plane source, where the energy is concentrated and released uniformly. An empirical attenuation model of the near-field peak ground acceleration (PGA) was proposed that considers a nonuniform spatial distribution of seismic fault energy and its 3D scale. Then, this model was used to reconstruct the PGA distribution of the 2008 Wenchuan, China, Mw7.9 earthquake based on the data of a seismic fault model and ground acceleration records of the mainshock and aftershocks collected by seismic stations. The predicted PGA values show similar attenuation characteristics to the interpolated map of the PGA recorded by seismic stations. A comparison with the results of a finite-fault model developed by the USGS indicates that the proposed model can provide more details and give a more precise result in the near field. The analysis of landslides triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake demonstrates that the PGA distribution estimated by this model can be used to validate the findings of other researchers. © 2020, Springer Nature B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Earthquake-induced landslides; Empirical attenuation model; Near field; Peak ground acceleration (PGA); Strong earthquake; The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: aftershock; landslide; model; peak acceleration; seismic attenuation; seismic source; Sichuan earthquake 2008; spatial distribution; strong motion; China
REFERENCES: Abrahamson, Norman A.Bolt, Empirical response spectral attenuation relations for shallow crustal earthquakes, Seismological Research Letters, 68, 1, pp. 94-109, (1997); 
Beresnev, Igor A., Generic finite-fault model for ground-motion prediction in eastern North America, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 89, 3, pp. 608-625, (1999); 
Boore, David M., Effect of baseline corrections on displacements and response spectra for several recordings of the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, earthquake, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 91, 5, pp. 1199-1211, (2001); 
Boore, David M., Processing of strong-motion accelerograms: Needs, options and consequences, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 25, 2, pp. 93-115, (2005); 
Boore, David M., Equations for estimating horizontal response spectra and peak acceleration from western North American earthquakes: A summary of recent work, Seismological Research Letters, 68, 1, pp. 128-153, (1997); 
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, (1981); 
Campbell, Kenneth W., Empirical near-source attenuation relationships for horizontal and vertical components of peak ground acceleration, peak ground velocity, and pseudo-absolute acceleration response spectra, Seismological Research Letters, 68, 1, pp. 154-179, (1997); 
Chen, Jiu Hui, Seismotectonic study by relocation of the Wenchuan Ms8.0 earthquake sequence, Acta Geophysica Sinica, 52, 2, pp. 390-397, (2009); 
Chiou, Brian S.J., NGA project strong-motion database, Earthquake Spectra, 24, 1, pp. 23-44, (2008); 
Douglas, John, Earthquake ground motion estimation using strong-motion records: A review of equations for the estimation of peak ground acceleration and response spectral ordinates, Earth-Science Reviews, 61, 1-2, pp. 43-104, (2003)
PUBLISHER: Springer Science and Business Media B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Che, F., Wang, T., Xin, P., Zhang, Z., Liang, C., Liu, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Che, Fudong (57221528629); Wang, Tao (56454532900); Xin, Peng (55781693200); Zhang, Zelin (56416784600); Liang, Changyu (55240234500); Liu, Jiamei (56479675300)
57221528629; 56454532900; 55781693200; 56416784600; 55240234500; 56479675300
Investigation of dynamic response and deformation characteristics of loess landslide under near and far earthquakes: A case study of Liping landslide in Tianshui earthquake area, Gansu Province 近远震作用下黄土滑坡动力响应与变形-以甘肃天水震区黎坪村滑坡为例
(2020) Geological Bulletin of China, 39 (12), pp. 1981 - 1992, Cited 4 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85099399928&partnerID=40&md5=2754cf793e1e209555956642a0dc3665

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Water Resources & Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Seismic landslides in the loess plateau of China have severe disastrous effects and high potential risks.The response and deformation mechanism of seismic landslides is one of the hot topics of research.Taking the large-scale loess landslide in Liping Village in the Tianshui earthquake area as an example, the authors used the standard sine wave to explore the characteristics of the dynamic response influence on the landslide from local and remote earthquake ground motion elements, and inverted the actual Wenchuan remote earthquake and the local earthquake in Minxian County.According to the results obtained, the variation of PGA amplification factor at the measuring point with amplitude is related to the position of monitoring point: when the height of monitoring point is greater than 0.75 times overall height of the slope, the PGA amplification factor of monitoring point basically decreases with the increase of amplitude; when the height of monitoring point is less than 0.75 times overall height of the slope, the PGA amplification factor of monitoring point increases significantly with the increase of amplitude; the PGA amplification factor at the measuring point is negatively correlated with the frequency.Slope deformation is positively correlated with amplitude and duration: when the amplitude and duration increase, the maximum horizontal and vertical displacement of monitoring points shows an increasing trend, the critical amplitude of the slope body's sharp deformation is about 0.05 g; when slope deformation is negatively correlated with frequency, the frequency increases, the maximum horizontal and vertical displacement of monitoring points decreases, the critical frequency of rapid deformation is about 5 Hz; the impact of amplitude on slope instability is greater than that of frequency on slope instability.Compared with the local earthquake in Minxian, the movement of main sliding body is inseparable from the high amplitude, low frequency, and long-lasting seismic waves generated by the Wenchuan earthquake.If the strong far earthquakes is ignored in the study of earthquake landslide stability Impact, significant safety risks may occur.In this paper, the research method about dynamic response and deformation difference of landslides caused by near and far earthquakes has certain reference significance for the research on earthquake landslide stability. © 2020, Science Press. All right reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Deformation; Dynamic response; Ground motion; Loess landslide; Near and far earthquakes
INDEX KEYWORDS: amplification; deformation mechanism; dynamic response; ground motion; landslide; loess; Sichuan earthquake 2008; China; Gansu
REFERENCES: undefined, (2005); 
Sun, Ping, Giant landslides triggered by the 1718 Tongwei Earthquake in Pan'an, Gansu Province, China, Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition), 89, 1, pp. 309-310, (2015); 
undefined; 
undefined, (2015); 
Peng, Jianbing, Distribution and genetic types of loess landslides in China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 170, pp. 329-350, (2019); 
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PUBLISHER: China Geological Survey
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Luo, X., Wang, C., Long, Y., Yi, Z.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Luo, Xingjun (57215582929); Wang, Changcheng (24400348400); Long, Yan (57202627518); Yi, Zhonghai (36622564100)
57215582929; 24400348400; 57202627518; 36622564100
Analysis of the Decadal Kinematic Characteristics of the Daguangbao Landslide Using Multiplatform Time Series InSAR Observations After the Wenchuan Earthquake
(2020) Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 125 (12), art. no. e2019JB019325, Cited 24 times.
DOI: 10.1029/2019JB019325
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85098212741&doi=10.1029%2F2019JB019325&partnerID=40&md5=ef2f646d36fe02a06da9e7495bff3fca

AFFILIATIONS: Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, Beijing, China; School of Civil Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
ABSTRACT: The Daguangbao landslide was the largest landslide triggered by the “5.12” Wenchuan Mw 7.9 earthquake. This landslide is among the few superlarge-scale landslides of 1 billion m3 magnitude worldwide. As the landslide accumulation represents a potential hazard, long-term monitoring and geological interpretation of the Daguangbao landslide is important to reveal the postsliding deformation characteristics and laws of this landslide type. To study the kinematic characteristics 10 years postearthquake, the landslide accumulation deformation was monitored in two stages using different data sets and processing methods. First, regarding the deformation 2 years postearthquake, we selected PALSAR-1 data (21 October 2008 to 14 March 2011) and obtained the LOS (line of sight) direction time series deformation of the landslide using the Small BAseline Subset (SBAS) algorithm. Second, for the last 4.5 years of deformation, Sentinel-1 data sets (26 November 2015 to 8 June 2020) in two ascending and one descending path are experimentally used. The vertical and east-west deformations during this period are obtained. Thickness, topography, precipitation, and other factors are combined to analyze the landslide accumulation deformation. The landslide accumulation volume decreases under gravitational influence, shrinkage is accelerated under precipitation influence, and periodic fluctuations occur, which lag precipitation changes. The maximum vertical direction deformation rate is below 80 mm/year, and the deformation magnitude in the east-west direction is approximately ±35 mm/year. Local deformation is still affected by the surface slope and aspect, and the overall landslide accumulation movement trend involves gathering of the eastern and western parts toward the middle. In the observation window, with the stabilization of accumulation, the deformation tends decrease. © 2020. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.
INDEX KEYWORDS: deformation; earthquake magnitude; landslide; Sentinel; Sichuan earthquake 2008; synthetic aperture radar; time series
REFERENCES: Berardino, Paolo, A new algorithm for surface deformation monitoring based on small baseline differential SAR interferograms, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 40, 11, pp. 2375-2383, (2002); 
Cai, Jiehua, An adaptive offset tracking method with SAR images for landslide displacement monitoring, Remote Sensing, 9, 8, (2017); 
Casagli, Nicola, Monitoring, prediction, and early warning using ground-based radar interferometry, Landslides, 7, 3, pp. 291-301, (2010); 
Casu, Francesco, Four-dimensional surface evolution of active rifting from spaceborne SAR data, Geosphere, 12, 3, pp. 697-705, (2016); 
Chaussard, Estelle, Predictability of hydraulic head changes and characterization of aquifer-system and fault properties from InSAR-derived ground deformation, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 119, 8, pp. 6572-6590, (2014); 
Chigira, Masahiro, Landslides induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China, Geomorphology, 118, 3-4, pp. 225-238, (2010); 
Colesanti, Carlo, Monitoring landslides and tectonic motions with the Permanent Scatterers Technique, Engineering Geology, 68, 1-2, pp. 3-14, (2003); 
Proc 7th Int Congress of the Int Association of Engng Geology, (1994); 
Cui, Shenghua, Effects of geological and tectonic characteristics on the earthquake-triggered Daguangbao landslide, China, Landslides, 15, 4, pp. 649-667, (2018); 
Dai, Keren, Monitoring activity at the Daguangbao mega-landslide (China) using Sentinel-1 TOPS time series interferometry, Remote Sensing of Environment, 186, pp. 501-513, (2016)
PUBLISHER: Blackwell Publishing Ltd
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Liu, R., Han, Y., Xiao, J., Wang, T.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Liu, Renli (26028888300); Han, Yanhui (55489237800); Xiao, Jun (57191754328); Wang, Tao (57199033675)
26028888300; 55489237800; 57191754328; 57199033675
Failure mechanism of TRSS mode in landslides induced by earthquake
(2020) Scientific Reports, 10 (1), art. no. 21326, Cited 17 times.
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78503-y
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85097268429&doi=10.1038%2Fs41598-020-78503-y&partnerID=40&md5=c44743979704847defaeca803a8c7598

AFFILIATIONS: Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Environmental and Geo-Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, Minneapolis, MN, United States
ABSTRACT: Investigation of the slopes in the Wenchuan earthquake shows that tension failures appear in the upper part in many landslides. The typical failure mode can be generalized as “tensile-rupture and sheared-sliding” (TRSS). In this paper, the distinct element method (DEM) is employed to simulate the gradual failure process of the Tangjiashan landslide under the excitation of the Wenchuan earthquake. It is found that the first failure is the appearance of deep tension cracks on the top, and then shearing slip along the bottom. The posterior fracture is deep, steep, and rough, and the bottom shear slip surface has a relatively gently dip. The simulation shows the failure mode of TRSS in the slope can be well reproduced, and the geological and mechanical mechanisms can be revealed in the DEM model. © 2020, The Author(s).
REFERENCES: Daddazio, Raymond P., Nonlinear dynamic slope stability analysis, Journal of Geotechcnical Engineering, 113, 4, pp. 285-298, (1987); 
Keefer, David K., LANDSLIDES CAUSED BY EARTHQUAKES., Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 95, 4, pp. 406-421, (1984); 
Keefer, David K., Statiscal analysis of an earthquake-induced landslide distribution - The 1989 Loma Prieta, California event, Engineering Geology, 58, 3-4, pp. 231-249, (2000); 
A Model Study of the Behavior of Excavated Slopes, (1971); 
Bhasin, Rajinder Kumar, Static and dynamic simulation of a 700-m high rock slope in western Norway, Engineering Geology, 71, 3-4, pp. 213-226, (2004); 
Huang, Lei, A novel method for correcting scanline-observational bias of discontinuity orientation, Scientific Reports, 6, (2016); 
Landslides Analysis and Control, (1978); 
Hutchinson, John Neville, General report: morphological and geotechnical parameters of landslides in relation to geology and hydrogeology, pp. 3-35, (1988); 
Contract no 90 0025, (1993); 
Pure Appl Geophys, (1998)
PUBLISHER: Nature Research
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS; GREEN ACCEPTED OPEN ACCESS; GREEN OPEN ACCESS

Cui, S., Yang, Q., Pei, X., Huang, R., Guo, B., Zhang, W.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Cui, Shenghua (56660242900); Yang, Qingwen (57192083411); Pei, Xiangjun (14058672500); Huang, Runqiu (55835407700); Guo, Bin (57194152865); Zhang, Weifeng (55706462700)
56660242900; 57192083411; 14058672500; 55835407700; 57194152865; 55706462700
Geological and morphological study of the Daguangbao landslide triggered by the Ms. 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China
(2020) Geomorphology, 370, art. no. 107394, Cited 40 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2020.107394
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85090202679&doi=10.1016%2Fj.geomorph.2020.107394&partnerID=40&md5=3089464722757451b173798cd8aa6c22

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Landslides are one of the most significant geomorphic processes in mountainous regions. Recently, a gigantic landslide (Daguangbao (DGB) landslide) with a volume of 1.2 × 109 m3 was triggered by the Ms. 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, and has attracted widespread attention. This landslide (28°38′16.93′′ E, 104°06′02.35′′ N) is located 85 km north-northeast (NNE) of the epicenter and on the hanging wall side, 4 km away from the surface rupture zone of the earthquake. Our long-term (2008 - present) study, which includes topographic interpretation and geological and geomorphological investigations, allows us to define the geological model of the DGB landslide and estimate the initiation and traveling mechanisms. The topography was studied by using high-resolution digital elevation models. Arial images and abundant photos at different scales are used to performed geomorphological analysis. The geology in the landslide area was studied by exploratory trenches, a tunnel, and terrestrial laser scanning (TLS). The results show that the mass movement destabilized a folded slope along a deep-seated (average depth of 400 m) bedding fault developed in the dolomite of the Sinian Formation. The morphology of the landslide main scarp is characterized by steep (55–75°) and high (up to 730 m) release surfaces, resulting from the linkage of three joint sets. An excess pore-water pressure-dependent loss of shear strength at the basal layer during the earthquake is assumed to have favored landslide initiation. An internal shear running subparallel to the stratification surface is confirmed to have dominated the longitudinal mobility of the landslide and driven landslide mass thrusting to a height of 500 m on the slopes on the other side of the valley. The DGB landslide, as a transient destabilization and morphogenesis event, has largely contributed to erosion in the study area. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Co-seismic; Daguangbao landslide; Landslide initiation; Pore water pressure; Tibet Plateau
INDEX KEYWORDS: digital elevation model; dolomite; earthquake mechanism; geomorphological response; landslide; mass movement; morphogenesis; mountain region; Sichuan earthquake 2008; structural geology; topographic effect; trigger mechanism; China; Sinia
REFERENCES: Agliardi, Federico, Slow-to-fast transition of giant creeping rockslides modulated by undrained loading in basal shear zones, Nature Communications, 11, 1, (2020); 
Billi, Andrea, Grain size distribution and thickness of breccia and gouge zones from thin (<1 m) strike-slip fault cores in limestone, Journal of Structural Geology, 27, 10, pp. 1823-1837, (2005); 
Bonzanigo, Luca, Long-term investigation of a deep-seated creeping landslide in crystalline rock. Part I. Geological and hydromechanical factors controlling the Campo Vallemaggia landslide, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 44, 10, pp. 1157-1180, (2007); 
Borrelli, Luigi, Tectonic constraints on a deep-seated rock slide in weathered crystalline rocks, Geomorphology, 290, pp. 288-316, (2017); 
Bouissou, Stéphane, Evolution of gravity-driven rock slope failure and associated fracturing: Geological analysis and numerical modelling, Tectonophysics, 526-529, pp. 157-166, (2012); 
Bozzano, Francesca, Earthquake triggering of landslides in highly jointed rock masses: Reconstruction of the 1783 Scilla rock avalanche (Italy), Geomorphology, 129, 3-4, pp. 294-308, (2011); 
Brideau, Marc André, The role of tectonic damage and brittle rock fracture in the development of large rock slope failures, Geomorphology, 103, 1, pp. 30-49, (2009); 
Burchfiel, B. Clark, Tectonics of the Longmen Shan and Adjacent Regions, Central China, International Geology Review, 37, 8, pp. 661-735, (1995); 
Chen, Shefa, Emplacement of the Longmen Shan Thrust-Nappe Belt along the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, Journal of Structural Geology, 18, 4, pp. 413-430, (1996); 
Chigira, Masahiro, Landslides induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China, Geomorphology, 118, 3-4, pp. 225-238, (2010)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Liu, B., Hu, X., He, K., Wu, M., Huang, T.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Liu, Bo (57212007036); Hu, Xiewen (7404709509); He, Kun (57470523000); Wu, Mingyang (57211435269); Huang, Tao (57037451200)
57212007036; 7404709509; 57470523000; 57211435269; 57037451200
Numerical simulation on post-earthquake debris flows: A case study of the Chutou gully in Wenchuan, China
(2020) IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 570 (2), art. no. 022044, Cited 1 times.
DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/570/2/022044
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85097351380&doi=10.1088%2F1755-1315%2F570%2F2%2F022044&partnerID=40&md5=7d8c6197c32ebba8c7130f5691476abf

AFFILIATIONS: Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; School of Resources and Safety Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
ABSTRACT: Since the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, post-earthquake debris flows have severely threatened people's lives and the safety of public transit facilities, making particularly crucial to understand their formation mechanism. We focused on the Chutou gully debris flow and analyzed its formation mechanism based on field investigations and satellite images. The main inducing factor of this debris flow was a continuous heavy rainfall that exceeded the threshold of the study area: This, combined with the large amount of loose material created by the earthquake, dramatically promoted the volume and hazard degree of the debris flow. The three-dimensional debris flow simulation software RAMMS, based on an improved Voellmy-Salm fluid model, was used to simulate the movement process of the Chutou gully debris flow. The calibrated Coulomb friction (?) and viscous turbulent friction (?) coefficients in the study area were 0.225 and 180 m/s2, respectively. The simulation results revealed the post-earthquake debris flow mechanism in terms of flow height, velocity, flow rate, and deposition area. The results of the numerical simulation were in good agreement with those of the field investigations. In particular, it was found that the peak flow of debris flow upstream of the Chutou gully was shorter in duration than the one upstream; however, due to the convergence of the branch gully, the downstream peak flow of debris flow increased significantly, while a large amount of solid material stranded downstream of the channel. Notably, this process is prone to occur again. This study proposes a new post-earthquake debris flow evaluation method, and its results are of reference value for the design of debris flow prevention engineering in meizoseismal areas. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.
INDEX KEYWORDS: Computer software; Earthquakes; Friction; Landforms; Numerical models; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Coulomb frictions; Debris flow simulations; Deposition areas; Field investigation; Formation mechanism; Meizoseismal areas; Satellite images; Debris
REFERENCES: Tang, Chuan, Catastrophic debris flows triggered by a 14 August 2010 rainfall at the epicenter of the Wenchuan earthquake, Landslides, 8, 4, pp. 485-497, (2011); 
Ni, Huayong, Formation and characteristics of post-earthquake debris flow: A case study from Wenjia gully in Mianzhu, Sichuan, SW China, Natural Hazards, 61, 2, pp. 317-335, (2012); 
Guo, Xiaojun, Temporal differentiation of rainfall thresholds for debris flows in Wenchuan earthquake-affected areas, Environmental Earth Sciences, 75, 2, pp. 1-12, (2016); 
Penserini, Brian D., A morphologic proxy for debris flow erosion with application to the earthquake deformation cycle, Cascadia Subduction Zone, USA, Geomorphology, 282, pp. 150-161, (2017); 
Proceedings of the 9th International Symposium on Landslides, (2004); 
Zhou, Gongdan Gong Dan, Experimental study on the triggering mechanisms and kinematic properties of large debris flows in Wenjia Gully, Engineering Geology, 194, pp. 52-61, (2015); 
Ge, Yonggang, Catastrophic debris flows on July 10th 2013 along the Min River in areas seriously-hit by the Wenchuan earthquake, Journal of Mountain Science, 12, 1, pp. 186-206, (2015); 
Fan, Xuanmei, Earthquake-Induced Chains of Geologic Hazards: Patterns, Mechanisms, and Impacts, Reviews of Geophysics, 57, 2, pp. 421-503, (2019); 
Hong, Y., Statistical and probabilistic analyses of impact pressure and discharge of debris flow from 139 events during 1961 and 2000 at Jiangjia Ravine, China, Engineering Geology, 187, pp. 122-134, (2015); 
Chen, Hongxin, Mechanisms and runout characteristics of the rainfall-triggered debris flow in Xiaojiagou in Sichuan Province, China, Natural Hazards, 62, 3, pp. 1037-1057, (2012)
PUBLISHER: IOP Publishing Ltd
CONFERENCE NAME: China Rock 2020 Conference
CONFERENCE DATE: 2020-10-23 through 2020-10-26
CONFERENCE LOCATION: Beijing
CONFERENCE CODE: 165225
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Bie, P.-F., Liu, H.-X.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Bie, Pengfei (57220182801); Liu, Hangxiang (54389411400)
57220182801; 54389411400
Influence of stress amplitude on the dynamic characteristics of phyllite samples under triaxial multi-stage cyclic loading
(2020) IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 570 (3), art. no. 032043, Cited 4 times.
DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/570/3/032043
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85097161694&doi=10.1088%2F1755-1315%2F570%2F3%2F032043&partnerID=40&md5=08ab07f11a8f6da60d186cb177370633

AFFILIATIONS: Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: The generation of a rockslide in an earthquake event is strongly dependent on the dynamic characteristics of the rock materials constituting the rock slope. In this study, phyllite samples were extracted from the Donghekou landslide area of Qingchuan County. The landslide occurred during the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and the samples were made to undergo multi-stage cyclic loading and unloading tests under triaxial compression conditions. The confining pressure during the tests was 10 MPa, the loading frequency was 2 Hz, the loading waveform was sine wave, and 60 loading cycles were carried out at each level of stress. From the dynamic axial stress-strain curves, the effect of stress amplitude on the hysteresis loop area, the dynamic elastic modulus, the dynamic damping ratio, and the damping coefficient of the phyllite samples was analyzed. The results are as follows. (1) The strain-stress hysteresis loop area experienced a rapid increase as the stress amplitude exceeded a certain value, indicating that the rock samples have entered an accelerating crack propagation stage under high levels of cyclic loading. (2) As the stress amplitude increases, the dynamic elastic modulus, the dynamic damping ratio, and the damping coefficient of the rock sample followed a similar two-phase evolution law. There was a rapid reduction in the three parameters relative to the initial value in Phase I. Moreover, there was a minor change in Phase II. (3) The effect of the number of loading cycles number on dynamic elastic modulus and damping parameters was much more obvious under the lower levels of cyclic loading than under the higher levels. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: cyclic loading; damping coefficient; damping ratio; dynamic elastic modulus; phyllite; stress amplitude
INDEX KEYWORDS: Cyclic loads; Damping; Earthquakes; Hysteresis; Hysteresis loops; Landslides; Rocks; Stress-strain curves; Unloading; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Axial stress-strain curves; Cyclic loading and unloading; Damping coefficients; Dynamic characteristics; Dynamic damping ratios; Dynamic elastic moduli; Triaxial compression; Elastic moduli
REFERENCES: Yun, Su-jin, Plastic deformation under cyclic loading using two-back stress hardening models, International Journal of Fatigue, 30, 3, pp. 473-482, (2008); 
Rock Mechanics and Engineering, (2002); 
Xie, Heping, Energy analysis of rock failure, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 24, 15, pp. 2603-2608, (2005); 
He, Mingming, Deformation and energy characteristics of sandstone subjected to uniaxial cyclic loading, Meitan Xuebao/Journal of the China Coal Society, 40, 8, pp. 1805-1811, (2015); 
Ge, Xiurun, Testing study on fatigue deformation law of rock under cyclic loading, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 22, 10, pp. 1581-1585, (2003); 
Liu, Jianfeng, Experimental research on damping parameters of rock under cyclic loading, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 29, 5, pp. 1036-1041, (2010); 
Guo, Yingtong, Experimental study of fatigue deformation and damage characteristics of salt rock under cyclic loading, Yantu Lixue/Rock and Soil Mechanics, 32, 5, pp. 1353-1359, (2011); 
Shalev, Eyal, Inelastic compaction, dilation and hysteresis of sandstones under hydrostatic conditions, Geophysical Journal International, 197, 2, pp. 920-925, (2014); 
Ma, Linjian, Deformation and strength properties of rock salt subjected to triaxial compression with cyclic loading, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 32, 4, pp. 849-856, (2013); 
Xiao, Jianqing, Study of hysteresis and damping effects of rock subjected to constant amplitude cyclic loading, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 29, 8, pp. 1677-1683, (2010)
PUBLISHER: IOP Publishing Ltd
CONFERENCE NAME: China Rock 2020 Conference
CONFERENCE DATE: 2020-10-23 through 2020-10-26
CONFERENCE LOCATION: Beijing
CONFERENCE CODE: 165225
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Chen, C., Jin, Z., Xu, Y., Li, L., Gou, L., Zhang, F.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Chen, Chen (59638291900); Jin, Zhangdong (7403625767); Xu, Yang (57205617559); Li, Liangbo (57209330301); Gou, Long Fei (57201980605); Zhang, Fei (55195292000)
59638291900; 7403625767; 57205617559; 57209330301; 57201980605; 55195292000
The response of Sr isotopic and elemental compositions of Zipingpu Reservoir sediments to the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake 紫坪铺水库沉积物Sr同位素及元素组成变化对2008年汶川大地震的响应
(2020) Hupo Kexue/Journal of Lake Sciences, 32 (6), pp. 1882 - 1890, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.18307/2020.0627
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85095847206&doi=10.18307%2F2020.0627&partnerID=40&md5=d6b5e8b73fc75c9aa47573b993994862

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: The 2008 M<inf>w</inf> 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake triggered more than 56000 landslides and induced huge clastic sediment along the Longmen Shan orogen, which had impacted earth surface processes within the catchment. However, little is known about the changes in riverine sedimentary compositions and depositional processes associated with the earthquake. Characterized by high sedimentation rate (averaging 74 cm/a), the continuous sediment in the Zipingpu Reservoir, the lower reaches of the Minjiang River provides valuable records of sediment transfer and compositions before and after the earthquake. In this paper, the strontium isotopic ratio (87Sr/86Sr) and elemental concentrations of reservoir sediments were measured. The results showed that there are significant differences in both 87Sr/86Sr ratios and elemental compositions before and after the earthquake. Both 87Sr/86Sr and Rb/Sr ratios decreased after the earthquake, with a positive correlation with CIA, implying increased contribution of fresh debris to the river sediments by the earthquake-triggered landslides, in particular during 2010 and 2011 when there had intense monsoonal rainfall. The difference of sedimentary compositions before and after the earthquake provides a basis of potential tracers for reconstructing hydroclimatic and tectonic events and their environmental impacts using sedimentary records. © 2020 by Journal of Lake Sciences.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Chemical index of alteration (CIA); Earthquake-triggered landslides; Hydrological control; Reservoir sediments; Strontium isotopic ratio; The lower reaches of the Minjiang River; Zipingpu Reservoir
INDEX KEYWORDS: Catchments; Environmental impact; Isotopes; Landslides; Sedimentology; Sediments; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Depositional process; Earth surface process; Earthquake-triggered landslides; Elemental compositions; Elemental concentrations; Positive correlations; Sedimentation rates; Earthquakes
REFERENCES: Hovius, Niels, Prolonged seismically induced erosion and the mass balance of a large earthquake, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 304, 3-4, pp. 347-355, (2011); 
Keefer, David K., LANDSLIDES CAUSED BY EARTHQUAKES., Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 95, 4, pp. 406-421, (1984); 
Wang, Jin, Controls on fluvial evacuation of sediment from earthquake-triggered landslides, Geology, 43, 2, pp. 115-118, (2015); 
Fan, Xuanmei, Earthquake-Induced Chains of Geologic Hazards: Patterns, Mechanisms, and Impacts, Reviews of Geophysics, 57, 2, pp. 421-503, (2019); 
Jin, Zhangdong, Seismically enhanced solute fluxes in the Yangtze River headwaters following the A.D. 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Geology, 44, 1, pp. 47-50, (2016); 
Emberson, Robert A., Chemical weathering in active mountain belts controlled by stochastic bedrock landsliding, Nature Geoscience, 9, 1, pp. 42-45, (2016); 
Wang, Jin, Earthquake-triggered increase in biospheric carbon export from a mountain belt, Geology, 44, 6, pp. 471-474, (2016); 
Bao, Rui, Tectonically-triggered sediment and carbon export to the Hadal zone, Nature Communications, 9, 1, (2018); 
Quaternary Sciences, (2006); 
Li, Gen, Seismic mountain building: Landslides associated with the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in the context of a generalized model for earthquake volume balance, Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 15, 4, pp. 833-844, (2014)
PUBLISHER: Science Press
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Long, Y., Li, W., Huang, R., Xu, Q., Yu, B., Liu, G.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Long, Yujie (57218843448); Li, Weile (25936551300); Huang, Runqiu (55835407700); Xu, Qiang (56506033600); Yu, Bin (37058094800); Liu, Gang (56926969400)
57218843448; 25936551300; 55835407700; 56506033600; 37058094800; 56926969400
Automatic Extraction and Evolution Trend Analysis of Landslides in Mianyuan River Basin in the 10 Years After Wenchuan Earthquake 汶川地震震后10 a绵远河流域滑坡遥感自动提取与演化趋势分析
(2020) Wuhan Daxue Xuebao (Xinxi Kexue Ban)/Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, 45 (11), pp. 1792 - 1800, Cited 17 times.
DOI: 10.13203/j.whugis20200180
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85096696565&doi=10.13203%2Fj.whugis20200180&partnerID=40&md5=a94002ef9571eb038d32e6bf3b824842

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; College of Earth Sciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: Objectives: The 2008 Wenchuan Ms 8.0 earthquake triggered tens of thousands of landslides and produced about 10 billion cubic meters of loose material, resulted in a significant increase in the scale and frequency of landslides after the earthquake. The temporal and spatial evolution of post-earthquake landsliding has become the focus of attention of scholars and the public. The Mianyuan River basin is selected as a case study, and the temporal and spatial evolution trend of post-earthquake landsliding is quantitatively analyzed using multi-temporal satellite images. Methods: Firstly, the satellite images of Landsat 7, SPOT-5, RapidEye and Planet from 2007 to 2018 are collected and preprocessed such as atmospheric correction, ortho-rectification and image cutting, etc. Then, the maximum likelihood method and the random forest algorithm are engaged to automatically detect the landsliding in the Mianyuan River basin using the preprocessed satellite images. Finally, the landslide detection accuracy of the two methods is evaluated by comparing the landslides interpreted manually and the landslides detected automatically.Results: The average recognition accuracy of random forest algorithm is 86.73%, while the average recognition accuracy of maximum likelihood method is 73.11%. The total area of new landslides detected by the random forest algorithm in 2007, 2008, 2011, 2013, 2015, 2016, 2017 and 2018 are 0.24, 51.54, 19.25, 7.21, 6.39, 7.35, 3.51, 3.82 km2, respectively.Conclusions: The random forest algorithm method has higher detection accuracy than the maximum likelihood method. The landsliding activity in the study area during the 10 years after the Wenchuan earthquake can be divided into three stages: 2008 to 2011 is the strong activity period, the scale and frequency of landsliding activity are significantly increased than before the earthquake, and the disaster losses are serious; 2012 to 2016 is the moderate activity period, the scale and frequency of landsliding activity gradually decreased, and disaster events occurred occasionally; 2017 to 2018 is the weak activity period, the scale and frequency of landsliding activity decreased significantly. After 2017, disaster events rarely occurred in the study area, but landsliding activity still did not return to the pre-earthquake level. © 2020, Editorial Board of Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University. All right reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Automatic extraction; Evolutionary trend; Maximum likelihood method; Mianyuan River basin; Random forest algorithm; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Decision trees; Disasters; Earthquakes; Landslides; Random forests; Rivers; Satellites; Watersheds; Atmospheric corrections; Automatic extraction; Billion cubic meters; Maximum likelihood methods; Multi-temporal satellite images; Pre-earthquake levels; Random forest algorithm; Temporal and spatial evolutions; Maximum likelihood; algorithm; automation; landslide; maximum likelihood analysis; satellite imagery; Sichuan earthquake 2008; temporal evolution; trend analysis; China
REFERENCES: Chen, Xiaoqing, Mountain hazard induced by Wenchuan Earthquake and its long-term development trends of Ganxi Gully, Beichuan, Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 42, SUPPL. 1, pp. 22-32, (2010); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2010); 
Wei, Xueli, Long-term activity of earthquake-induced landslides: A case study from Qionghai Lake Basin, Southwest of China, Journal of Mountain Science, 11, 3, pp. 607-624, (2014); 
Huang, Runqiu, Post-earthquake landsliding and long-term impacts in the Wenchuan earthquake area, China, Engineering Geology, 182, PB, pp. 111-120, (2014); 
Parker, Robert N., Mass wasting triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake is greater than orogenic growth, Nature Geoscience, 4, 7, pp. 449-452, (2011); 
Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011); 
Xu, Chong, Three (nearly) complete inventories of landslides triggered by the May 12, 2008 Wenchuan Mw 7.9 earthquake of China and their spatial distribution statistical analysis, Landslides, 11, 3, pp. 441-461, (2014); 
Li, Gen, Seismic mountain building: Landslides associated with the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in the context of a generalized model for earthquake volume balance, Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 15, 4, pp. 833-844, (2014); 
Huang, Runqiu, Analysis of the geo-hazards triggered by the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake, China, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 68, 3, pp. 363-371, (2009); 
Qi, Shengwen, Spatial distribution analysis of landslides triggered by 2008.5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake, China, Engineering Geology, 116, 1-2, pp. 95-108, (2010)
PUBLISHER: Editorial Board of Medical Journal of Wuhan University
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Yang, M., Jiang, L.-H., Hou, P., Zhai, J., Zhu, H.-S., Tan, T., Li, B.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Yang, Miao (57226091705); Jiang, Lahai (57221221792); Hou, Peng (7102218643); Zhai, Jun (59584826800); Zhu, Hanshou (57221219322); Tan, Ting (57221228100); Li, Bo (59811520800)
57226091705; 57221221792; 7102218643; 59584826800; 57221219322; 57221228100; 59811520800
Evaluation of Ecological Restoration 10 Years After the "5.12" Wenchuan Earthquake "5.12"汶川地震极重灾区灾后十年生态恢复状况评估
(2020) Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 29 (11), pp. 2541 - 2550, Cited 3 times.
DOI: 10.11870/cjlyzyyhj202011021
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85098568352&doi=10.11870%2Fcjlyzyyhj202011021&partnerID=40&md5=82a2684551da21f72d6664493762f174

AFFILIATIONS: Sichuan Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; Ministry of Ecology and Environment Center for Statelite Application on Ecologyand Environment, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Ten years after the Wenchuan earthquake, the types and qualities of ecosystem, community structures, pland biodiversity and soil nutrient recovery conditions were comprehensively assessed at the most severely affected areas. Through the Remote interpretation of ecosystem types, the sample survey of ground vegetation, the inversion of GPP and LAI, as well as the determination of the soil organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium in the soil. The results exhibited that the regional ecological system generally tends to incline towards stability and positive recovery according to the remote sensing interpretations. Although the bare surface area assessed in 2017 was higher compared to the one before the earthquake in 2007, the decrease in number is relative to the post-earthquake one in 2008. In terms of ecosystem quality, the average values received from GPP and LAI continuously rose after 2014 though quite slowly. It reflected the overall resilience of the regional ecosystem. However, some of the forest ecosystems damaged by the earthquake still have not returned to the original state. A part of the farmland in the Chengdu Plain has been converted into an urban construction land. By 2017 in the earthquake-damaged area, there was a significant increase in the number of plant species, dominated by pioneer species, such as Rosaceae, Compositae, and Gramineae, similar results as to those in 2009. The community structure found at the earthquake-damaged area has been well restored. In terms of vertical stratification, the community structure of the remaining areas has formed three layers of trees-shrub-herb, noting that there is only one layer of herb or shrub and herb combination in the arid valley area. Generally, the soil fertility condition at the control spot was proved healthier compared to the impaired areas where the situation continued to deteriorate. The bare soil area that was caused by the earthquake has shown an acceleration in the mineralization process, increasing content of available nutritional elements in the impaired sites achieved short-term yet the loss of nutrients and soil fertility proved to be taxing long-term. Hence, there have been formulations of numerous suggestions: Based on strengthening the supervision of geological hazards and preventing secondary disasters, the natural vegetation must be dominated by natural restoration in the high precipitation areas of Western China, in front of Longmen Mountain. The arid valley area is able to adapt the appropriate artificial restoration measures which follow the principle of "adaptation to local conditions and matching trees with the site", Meanwhile, the improvement of soil nutrient conditions and the promotion of vegetation restoration must be given more emphasis and attention. In the process of urban construction, on the other hand, the land and space management and essential farmland protection must be strengthened, so as the red line of ecological protection, as well as all kinds of protected areas, including basic farmland. © 2020, Science Press. All right reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Community structure; Ecological restoration; Ecosystem structure; Plant biodiversity; Soil element; Wenchuan Earthquake
REFERENCES: Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin, (2016); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2009); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2010); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2011); 
Journal of Plant Ecology, (2008); 
Ouyang, Zhiyun, Impact assessment of Wenchuan Earthquake on ecosystems, Shengtai Xuebao, 28, 12, pp. 5801-5809, (2008); 
undefined; 
Research of Environmental Sciences, (2008); 
Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation, (2014); 
Disaster Science, (2019)
PUBLISHER: Science Press
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Liu, X., Zhao, L., Mao, J., Li, T.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Liu, Xunnan (57195808492); Zhao, Lanhao (21234534000); Mao, Jia (56150518400); Li, Tongchun (8837868100)
57195808492; 21234534000; 56150518400; 8837868100
Tangential Force Model for the Combined Finite-Discrete Element Method
(2020) International Journal of Computational Methods, 17 (9), art. no. 1950068, Cited 7 times.
DOI: 10.1142/S0219876219500683
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85072774508&doi=10.1142%2FS0219876219500683&partnerID=40&md5=42bda949af8a931cd13ea3bc5b88a1a3

AFFILIATIONS: College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
ABSTRACT: In the past, contact model in the combined finite-discrete element method (FDEM) does not include the influence of the tangential contact interaction, and the deficient model associated with the contact force can seriously degrade the computing accuracy. In order to overcome this defect, an improved FDEM is developed in this work. The potential contact mechanism is implemented to calculate the normal contact force; meanwhile, the force-displacement law by coupling the classical Mohr-Coulomb type frictional algorithm and the rotation transformation algorithm is applied for the accurate computation of the tangential contact force. Consequently, a holonomic system of the calculation algorithm for the contact interaction is proposed, accounting for the influence of the tangential contact force. The performance of the approach is validated with well-known benchmarks including a frictional numerical test, the dynamic response of the block under the seismic excitation, a sliding/toppling test of a joint rock slope, a numerical simulation for joints structure affecting a sliding rock mass and the 2008 Donghekou Landslide trigged by the Wenchuan Earthquake. The results are compared against the experimental data and analytical solutions. Excellent agreements between the computational result and existing measurements show that the proposed approach has an outstanding ability to describe the complex mechanical properties among the separate entities. © 2020 World Scientific Publishing Company.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Discrete element method; tangential contact force; the combined finite-discrete element method; the force-displacement law; the Mohr-Coulomb type friction algorithm; the rotation transformation algorithm
INDEX KEYWORDS: Benchmarking; Earthquakes; Rock mechanics; Slope stability; Combined finite/discrete element method; Contact forces; Coulomb type; Discrete elements method; Displacement laws; Force displacement; Mohr-Coulomb; Rotation transformation; Tangential contact; Tangential contact force; The combined finite-discrete element method; The force-displacement law; The mohr-coulomb type friction algorithm; The rotation transformation algorithm; Friction
REFERENCES: Bandara, Samila S., Corrigendum to Coupling of soil deformation and pore fluid flow using material point method [Comp. Geotech., 63(1) (2015) 199-214] DOI: 10.1016/j.compgeo.2014.12.007, Computers and Geotechnics, 65, (2015); 
Bao, Huirong, The vertex-to-vertex contact analysis in the two-dimensional discontinuous deformation analysis, Advances in Engineering Software, 45, 1, pp. 1-10, (2012); 
Barla, Marco, Rock slide simulation with the combined finite-discrete element method, International Journal of Geomechanics, 12, 6, pp. 711-721, (2012); 
Cascini, Leonardo, SPH run-out modelling of channelised landslides of the flow type, Geomorphology, 214, pp. 502-513, (2014); 
Casapulla, Claudia, Experimental and analytical investigation on the frictional contact behavior of 3D masonry block assemblages, Construction and Building Materials, 78, pp. 126-143, (2015); 
Chen, K. T., Simulating the failure process of the Xinmo landslide using discontinuous deformation analysis, Engineering Geology, 239, pp. 269-281, (2018); 
Conte, E., Post-failure stage simulation of a landslide using the material point method, Engineering Geology, 253, pp. 149-159, (2019); 
Cundall, Peter A., Formulation of a three-dimensional distinct element model-Part I. A scheme to detect and represent contacts in a system composed of many polyhedral blocks, International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences and Geomechanics, 25, 3, pp. 107-116, (1988); 
Cundall, Peter A., A discrete numerical model for granular assemblies, Geotechnique, 29, 1, pp. 47-65, (1979); 
Dowding, Charles H., Dynamic computational analysis of openings in jointed rock, Journal of Geotechcnical Engineering, 109, 12, pp. 1551-1566, (1983)
PUBLISHER: World Scientific
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Huang, J., Hales, T.C., Huang, R., Ju, N., Li, Q., Huang, Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Huang, Jian (56063226300); Hales, Tristram Charles (9741921500); Huang, Runqiu (55835407700); Ju, Nengpan (8377755300); Li, Qiao (57205376514); Huang, Yin (57218381343)
56063226300; 9741921500; 55835407700; 8377755300; 57205376514; 57218381343
A hybrid machine-learning model to estimate potential debris-flow volumes
(2020) Geomorphology, 367, art. no. 107333, Cited 35 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2020.107333
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85088999277&doi=10.1016%2Fj.geomorph.2020.107333&partnerID=40&md5=04fca8520735a0378188e7b59b76fae7

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, South Glamorgan, Wales, United Kingdom
ABSTRACT: Empirical-statistical models of debris-flow are challenging to implement in environments where sedimentary and hydrologic triggering processes change through time, such as after a large earthquake. The flexible and adaptive statistical methods provided by machine learning algorithms may improve the quality of debris flow predictions where triggering conditions and the nature of sediment that can bulk flows varies with time. We developed a hybrid machine-learning model of future debris-flow volumes using a dataset of measured debris-flow volumes from 60 catchments that generated post-Wenchuan Earthquake (M<inf>w</inf> 7.9) debris flows. We input topographic variables (catchment area, topographic relief, channel length, distance from seismic fault, and average channel gradient) and the total volume of co-seismic landslide debris into the PSO-ELM_AdaBoost machine-learning model, created by combining Extreme learning machine (ELM), particle swarm optimization (PSO) and adaptive boosting machine learning algorithm (AdaBoost). The model was trained and tested using post-2008 M<inf>w</inf> 7.9 Wenchuan Earthquake debris flows, then applied to understand potential volumes of post-earthquake debris flows associated with other regional earthquakes (2013 M<inf>w</inf> 6.6 Lushan Earthquake, 2010 M<inf>w</inf> 6.9 Yushu Earthquake). We compared the PSO-ELM_Adaboost method with different machine learning methods, including back-propagation neural network (BPNN), support vector machine (SVM), ELM, PSO-ELM. The Comparative analysis demonstrated that the PSO-ELM_Adaboost method has a higher statistical validity and prediction accuracy with a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) less than 0.10. The prediction accuracy of debris-flow volumes trigged by other earthquakes decreases to 0.11–0.16 (absolute percentage error), suggesting that once calibrated for a region this method can be applied to other regional earthquakes. This model may be useful for engineering design to mitigate the risk of large post-earthquake debris flows. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flow; Estimated volume; Machine-learning model; Prediction
INDEX KEYWORDS: debris flow; empirical analysis; estimation method; hydrological modeling; landslide; machine learning; numerical model; sediment transport
REFERENCES: Ab Talib, Mat Hussin, Intelligent fuzzy logic with firefly algorithm and particle swarm optimization for semi-active suspension system using magneto-rheological damper, JVC/Journal of Vibration and Control, 23, 3, pp. 501-514, (2017); 
Adler, Jeremy, Quantifying colocalization by correlation: The pearson correlation coefficient is superior to the Mander's overlap coefficient, Cytometry Part A, 77, 8, pp. 733-742, (2010); 
Bovis, Michael J., The role of debris supply conditions in predicting debris flow activity, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 24, 11, pp. 1039-1054, (1999); 
Cao, Ying, Using an extreme learning machine to predict the displacement of step-like landslides in relation to controlling factors, Landslides, 13, 4, pp. 725-736, (2016); 
Chang, Chiwen, Estimation of sediment volume of debris flow caused by extreme rainfall in Taiwan, Engineering Geology, 123, 1-2, pp. 83-90, (2011); 
Chen, Jinnchyi, Variability of impact of earthquake on debris-flow triggering conditions: Case study of Chen-Yu-Lan watershed, Taiwan, Environmental Earth Sciences, 64, 7, pp. 1787-1794, (2011); 
Chen, Hongey, Effects of topography, lithology, rainfall and earthquake on landslide and sediment discharge in mountain catchments of southeastern Taiwan, Geomorphology, 133, 3-4, pp. 132-142, (2011); 
de Haas, Tjalling, Debris-flow volume quantile prediction from catchment morphometry, Geology, 47, 8, pp. 791-794, (2019); 
Ding, Shifei Feiu, Extreme learning machine and its applications, Neural Computing and Applications, 25, 3-4, pp. 549-556, (2014); 
Ding, Shifei Feiu, Extreme learning machine: algorithm, theory and applications, Artificial Intelligence Review, 44, 1, pp. 103-115, (2015)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GREEN ACCEPTED OPEN ACCESS; GREEN OPEN ACCESS

Chen, M., Tang, C., Xiong, J., Shi, Q., Li, N., Gong, L., Wang, X., Tie, Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Chen, Ming (57199453005); Tang, Chuan (35932953300); Xiong, Junlin (57241703400); Shi, Qinyun (59039136000); Li, Ning (57211181445); Gong, Lingfeng (57215612725); Wang, Xiaodi (59292164400); Tie, Yu (58417356300)
57199453005; 35932953300; 57241703400; 59039136000; 57211181445; 57215612725; 59292164400; 58417356300
The long-term evolution of landslide activity near the epicentral area of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China
(2020) Geomorphology, 367, art. no. 107317, Cited 112 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2020.107317
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85086938983&doi=10.1016%2Fj.geomorph.2020.107317&partnerID=40&md5=05f75f26832f7f70f98ca90632fa336c

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: The Wenchuan earthquake triggered numerous landslides and damaged vast areas of vegetation. Strong mountain earthquakes have long-term impacts on the activities of subsequent landslides. It is crucial for long-term geohazard risk assessment to investigate the spatio-temporal evolution of post-earthquake landslides. We used multi-year images from 2008 to 2018 to track the reactivation of coseismic landslides and newly occurring landslides to evaluate the influence of the Wenchuan earthquake on subsequent rain-induced landslides. With the aid of a GIS platform combined with field investigations, we analyzed the temporal and spatial evolutions of landslide activities over the past ten years and the factors controlling these changes. In addition, the process of vegetation recovery at landslide sites in the epicentral area was detected based on multi-year Landsat TM data after the Wenchuan earthquake. We observed that the total area of active landslides decreased significantly with time. In the first 5 years (2008–2013), the vegetation recovered quickly but was not well rehabilitated, and post-seismic landslides generally maintained high activity levels. Due to progressive revegetation and consolidation, most of the coseismic deposits along the hillslopes gradually stabilized. Subsequently (2013–2018), landslide activity weakened and mainly occurred in high and steep areas with poor vegetation recovery, particularly in proximity to the drainage network. Decreasing occurrence of rain-induced landslides was closely related to vegetation recovery in both time and space, and vegetation recovery could promote the reduction in post-earthquake landslide activities. We also proposed a quantitative model for the landslide rate in the epicentral area of the Wenchuan earthquake, which shows that the enhanced landslide rate reached its peak after the earthquake and will decrease to the pre-earthquake level in 25 years. The evolution of the post-seismic landslide activity can be categorized into four stages: high active period (2008–2013), low active period (2013–2018), recovery period (2018–2033), and stable period (after 2033). © 2020 Elsevier B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Evolution; Landslide activity; Vegetation recovery; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: coseismic process; earthquake damage; earthquake epicenter; earthquake magnitude; ground motion; landslide; Sichuan earthquake 2008; strong motion; temporal evolution; China
REFERENCES: Chang, Ming, Spatial distribution analysis of landslides triggered by the 2013-04-20 Lushan earthquake, China, Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, 15, 1, pp. 163-171, (2016); 
Chang, Ming, Hazard assessment of debris flows in the Wenchuan earthquake-stricken area, South West China, Landslides, 14, 5, pp. 1783-1792, (2017); 
Chigira, Masahiro, Geological causes and geomorphological precursors of the Tsaoling landslide triggered by the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake, Taiwan, Engineering Geology, 68, 3-4, pp. 259-273, (2003); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2008); 
Cui, Peng, Destruction of vegetation due to geo-hazards and its environmental impacts in the Wenchuan earthquake areas, Ecological Engineering, 44, pp. 61-69, (2012); 
Cui, Peng, The mechanisms behind shallow failures in slopes comprised of landslide deposits, Engineering Geology, 180, pp. 34-44, (2014); 
Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011); 
Domènech, Guillem, Modelling the role of material depletion, grain coarsening and revegetation in debris flow occurrences after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Engineering Geology, 250, pp. 34-44, (2019); 
Dufresne, Anja, Process dependence of grain size distributions in rock avalanche deposits, Landslides, 14, 5, pp. 1555-1563, (2017); 
Fan, Xuanmei, Spatio-temporal evolution of mass wasting after the 2008 Mw 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake revealed by a detailed multi-temporal inventory, Landslides, 15, 12, pp. 2325-2341, (2018)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Lei, M., Yang, P., Wang, Y.-K., Wang, X.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Lei, Ming (57203548113); Yang, Po (57218292860); Wang, Yikui (57213200015); Wang, Xiekang (8401481400)
57203548113; 57218292860; 57213200015; 8401481400
Numerical analyses of the influence of baffles on the dynamics of debris flow in a gully
(2020) Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 13 (19), art. no. 1052, Cited 13 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s12517-020-06016-z
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85091755515&doi=10.1007%2Fs12517-020-06016-z&partnerID=40&md5=0e09cca931b13680784b520a6d3618d5

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
ABSTRACT: After the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, a huge amount of loose debris materials were accumulated on the surface of slopes in the mountainous areas of Southwestern China. Under heavy rainfalls and earthquakes, these loose debris materials can flow, washed away, and subsequently enter the mountainous rivers due to landslides and debris flows. They can change the sediment supply of the river channel and result in the adjustment of riverbed. To mitigate the adverse impacts, baffles are usually installed on slopes in front of the protected areas to reduce the kinetic energy of incoming debris flows. In order to clarify the interacting mechanism between debris materials and baffles structure, the dynamics of granular transportation and deposition in a typical gully have been analyzed via the three-dimensional discrete element method (DEM). The numerical results indicate that the arrangement of baffles (e.g., spacing distance, layout row, and height) has a significant influence on the dissipation of debris energy and the final sediment deposition pattern. The kinetic energy, the velocity of granular flow, and the total mass of debris materials entering the river channel decrease with the increase of the baffles lateral spacing distance, layout row, and height. Correspondingly, the amount of debris materials retained by the baffles will increase. Thickness and volume of particle deposits in the upstream region increased with increase in lateral spacing, rows, and height of the baffles, but decreased in the downstream area. In addition, the baffle configuration can affect the particle size distribution along the channel. The results of this research can provide a theoretical basis for baffle designs and the prevention of debris flows in mountainous areas. © 2020, Saudi Society for Geosciences.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Baffle configuration; Debris materials; Discrete element method; Numerical simulation; Sediment transportation
INDEX KEYWORDS: debris flow; deposition; discrete element method; earthquake magnitude; fluvial deposit; gully; kinetic energy; mountain region; numerical method; river channel; three-dimensional modeling; China
REFERENCES: Bi, Yuzhang, Effects of the configuration of a baffle–avalanche wall system on rock avalanches in Tibet Zhangmu: discrete element analysis, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 78, 4, pp. 2267-2282, (2019); 
Bi, Yuzhang, Numerical investigation of effects of “baffles - deceleration strip” hybrid system on rock avalanches, Journal of Mountain Science, 16, 2, pp. 414-427, (2019); 
Chang, Ming, Debris flow susceptibility assessment using a probabilistic approach: A case study in the Longchi area, Sichuan province, China, Journal of Mountain Science, 11, 4, pp. 1001-1014, (2014); 
Chang, Ming, Evolution process of sediment supply for debris flow occurrence in the Longchi area of Dujiangyan City after the Wenchuan earthquake, Landslides, 12, 3, pp. 611-623, (2015); 
Paiement-Paradis, Geneviève, Effects of turbulence on the transport of individual particles as bedload in a gravel-bed river, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 36, 1, pp. 107-116, (2011); 
Cundall, Peter A., A discrete numerical model for granular assemblies, Geotechnique, 29, 1, pp. 47-65, (1979); 
Gan, Binrui, Effects of fine particle content and sample scale on the failure properties of loose landslide deposits, Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 11, 7, (2018); 
Gray, John Mark Nicholas Timm, Shock waves, dead zones and particle-free regions in rapid granular free-surface flows, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 491, pp. 161-181, (2003); 
Hao, Minghui, Physical modeling tests on inverse grading of particles in high speed landslide debris, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 34, 3, pp. 472-479, (2015); 
Hu, Yuxiang, Numerical simulation of the entrainment effect during mass movement in high-speed debris avalanches, Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 12, 2, (2019)
PUBLISHER: Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH info@springer-sbm.com
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Ling, Z., Xiangjun, P., Shenghua, C., Wang, S., Xiaochao, Z., Yufei, L.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Ling, Zhu (57217225921); Xiangjun, Pei (57217224983); Shenghua, Cui (57217226013); Wang, Shanyong (7410342176); Xiaochao, Zhang (57504527300); Yufei, Liang (57217225920)
57217225921; 57217224983; 57217226013; 7410342176; 57504527300; 57217225920
On the initiation mechanism of the Daguangbao landslide triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan (Ms 7.9) earthquake
(2020) Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 137, art. no. 106272, Cited 24 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2020.106272
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85086827129&doi=10.1016%2Fj.soildyn.2020.106272&partnerID=40&md5=74094bbf300310771ce7ec83cb80ae38

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; ARC Centre of Excellence for Geotechnical Science and Engineering, The University of Newcastle, Australia, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
ABSTRACT: The Daguangbao landslide, with a volume of 1.16 × 109 m3 and an area of 7.2 km2, is the largest landslide triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China. To examine the initiation mechanism of this landslide, a detailed field investigation and a series of saturated triaxial tests were carried out. The field investigation revealed that the Daguangbao landslide initiated along a mylonite zone, the soil of which was mainly sand. Abundant groundwater was observed in the tunnel and the mylonite zone soils had high water contents. In addition, the experimental results showed that the soils from the mylonite zone have a high liquefaction potential. The pore water pressures in the soils under cyclic triaxial tests increased rapidly, which could have caused the soils failure. Therefore, the mechanism by which pore water pressure within the mylonite zone accumulates under seismic loading, which promotes a continuous decrease in the shear strength of soils, ultimately led to the rapid initiation of the Daguangbao landslide. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Daguangbao landslide; Initiation mechanism; Mylonite zone; Pore water pressure
INDEX KEYWORDS: Earthquakes; Groundwater; Pore pressure; Pressure distribution; Shear strength; Soil liquefaction; Soil mechanics; Soils; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Cyclic tri-axial tests; Daguangbao landslides; Field investigation; High water content; Initiation mechanism; Liquefaction potentials; Pore-water pressures; Landslides; landslide; mylonite; porewater; shear strength; Sichuan earthquake 2008; triaxial test; trigger mechanism; China
REFERENCES: Alarcón-Guzmán, Adolfo, Undrained monotonic and cyclic strength of sands, Journal of Geotechcnical Engineering, 114, 10, pp. 1089-1109, (1988); 
Proceedings of the Geotechnical Conference, (1967); 
Bouferra, Rachid, Influence of fines on the resistance to liquefaction of a clayey sand, Ground Improvement, 8, 1, pp. 1-5, (2004); 
Burchfiel, B. Clark, A geological and geophysical context for the Wenchuan earthquake of 12 May 2008, Sichuan, People's Republic of China, GSA Today, 18, 7, pp. 4-11, (2008); 
Chigira, Masahiro, Landslides induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China, Geomorphology, 118, 3-4, pp. 225-238, (2010); 
Cui, Shenghua, On the initiation and movement mechanisms of a catastrophic landslide triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan (Ms 8.0) earthquake in the epicenter area, Landslides, 14, 3, pp. 805-819, (2017); 
Cui, Shenghua, Effects of geological and tectonic characteristics on the earthquake-triggered Daguangbao landslide, China, Landslides, 15, 4, pp. 649-667, (2018); 
Cui, Shenghua, An initiation model of DGB landslide: non-coordinated deformation inducing rock damage in sliding zone during strong seismic shaking, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 38, 2, pp. 237-253, (2019); 
Dai, Fuchu, Rock avalanches triggered by oblique-thrusting during the 12 May 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Geomorphology, 132, 3-4, pp. 300-318, (2011); 
Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier Ltd
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Yang, Z., Wang, L., Qiao, J., Uchimura, T., Wang, L.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Yang, Zongji (24485723300); Wang, Liyong (57213183655); Qiao, Jianping (24485090400); Uchimura, Taro (7007007474); Wang, Lin (55721353300)
24485723300; 57213183655; 24485090400; 7007007474; 55721353300
Application and verification of a multivariate real-time early warning method for rainfall-induced landslides: implication for evolution of landslide-generated debris flows
(2020) Landslides, 17 (10), pp. 2409 - 2419, Cited 42 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s10346-020-01402-w
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85083215873&doi=10.1007%2Fs10346-020-01402-w&partnerID=40&md5=da817bde05953540cd6105797093f4fa

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Saitama, Japan; Chuo Kaihatsu Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
ABSTRACT: Rainfall-induced landslides are a frequent and often catastrophic geological disaster, and the development of accurate early warning systems for such events is a primary challenge in the field of risk reduction. Understanding of the physical mechanisms of rainfall-induced landslides is key for early warning and prediction. In this study, a real-time multivariate early warning method based on hydro-mechanical analysis and a long-term sequence of real-time monitoring data was proposed and verified by applying the method to predict successive debris flow events that occurred in 2017 and 2018 in Yindongzi Gully, which is in Wenchuan earthquake region, China. Specifically, long-term sequence slope stability analysis of the in situ datasets for the landslide deposit as a benchmark was conducted, and a multivariate indicator early warning method that included the rainfall intensity-probability (I-P), saturation (S<inf>i</inf>), and inclination (I<inf>r</inf>) was then proposed. The measurements and analysis in the two early warning scenarios not only verified the reliability and practicality of the multivariate early warning method but also revealed the evolution processes and mechanism of the landslide-generated debris flow in response to rainfall. Thus, these findings provide a new strategy and guideline for accurately producing early warnings of rainfall-induced landslides. © 2020, The Author(s).
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flows; Early warning; Multivariate; Rainfall-induced landslide
INDEX KEYWORDS: Debris; Earthquakes; Rain; Reliability analysis; Early warning and prediction; Early Warning System; Early-warning method; Geological disaster; Rainfall induced landslides; Real time monitoring; Slope stability analysis; Wenchuan Earthquake; Landslides; catastrophic event; debris flow; early warning system; geological hazard; landslide; monitoring system; multivariate analysis; precipitation intensity; rainfall; real time; slope stability; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Aleotti, Pietro, A warning system for rainfall-induced shallow failures, Engineering Geology, 73, 3-4, pp. 247-265, (2004); 
Baum, Rex L., Estimating the timing and location of shallow rainfall-induced landslides using a model for transient, unsaturated infiltration, Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 115, 3, (2010); 
Berti, Matteo, Field evidence of pore pressure diffusion in clayey soils prone to landsliding, Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 115, 3, (2010); 
Cai, Huan, An Experimental Study on the Hydromechanical Behaviours of the Evolution of Postearthquake Landslide Deposits, Geofluids, 2019, (2019); 
Caine, Nel, The rainfall intensity-duration control of shallow landslides and debris flows., Geografiska Annaler, Series A: Physical Geography, 62, 1-2, pp. 23-27, (1980); 
Chae, Byung-gon, Landslide prediction, monitoring and early warning: a concise review of state-of-the-art, Geosciences Journal, 21, 6, pp. 1033-1070, (2017); 
Damiano, Emilia, Steep-slope monitoring in unsaturated pyroclastic soils, Engineering Geology, 137-138, pp. 1-12, (2012); 
Fan, Yongbo, Real-time monitoring instrument designed for the deformation and sliding period of colluvial landslides, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 76, 3, pp. 829-838, (2017); 
Feng, Wenkai, Disaster mechanism and stability analysis of shattered bedding slopes triggered by rainfall─a case study of Sanxicun landslide, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 35, 11, pp. 2197-2207, (2016); 
Godt, Jonathan W., Landsliding in partially saturated materials, Geophysical Research Letters, 36, 2, (2009)
PUBLISHER: Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH info@springer-sbm.com
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; HYBRID GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Chen, Y., Wei, Y., Wang, Q., Chen, F., Lu, C., Lei, S.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Chen, Yu (56200332700); Wei, Yongming (35216412200); Wang, Qinjun (16205534800); Chen, Fang (57441279900); Lu, Chunyan (56257699400); Lei, Shaohua (57198890186)
56200332700; 35216412200; 16205534800; 57441279900; 56257699400; 57198890186
Mapping post-earthquake landslide susceptibility: A U-net like approach
(2020) Remote Sensing, 12 (17), art. no. 1676, Cited 32 times.
DOI: 10.3390/RS12172767
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85091331227&doi=10.3390%2FRS12172767&partnerID=40&md5=4bdeb8d31ee49f047f0657128cce2685

AFFILIATIONS: Aerospace Information Research Institute, Beijing, China; Aerospace Information Research Institute, Beijing, China; College of Computer and Information Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
ABSTRACT: A serious earthquake could trigger thousands of landslides and produce some slopes more sensitive to slide in future. Landslides could threaten human's lives and properties, and thus mapping the post-earthquake landslide susceptibility is very valuable for a rapid response to landslide disasters in terms of relief resource allocation and posterior earthquake reconstruction. Previous researchers have proposed many methods to map landslide susceptibility but seldom considered the spatial structure information of the factors that influence a slide. In this study, we first developed a U-net like model suitable for mapping post-earthquake landslide susceptibility. The post-earthquake high spatial airborne images were used for producing a landslide inventory. Pre-earthquake Landsat TM (Thematic Mapper) images and the influencing factors such as digital elevation model (DEM), slope, aspect, multi-scale topographic position index (mTPI), lithology, fault, road network, streams network, and macroseismic intensity (MI) were prepared as the input layers of the model. Application of the model to the heavy-hit area of the destructive 2008 Wenchuan earthquake resulted in a high validation accuracy (precision 0.77, recall 0.90, F1 score 0.83, and AUC 0.90). The performance of this U-net like model was also compared with those of traditional logistic regression (LR) and support vector machine (SVM) models on both the model area and independent testing area with the former being stronger than the two traditional models. The U-net like model introduced in this paper provides us the inspiration that balancing the environmental influence of a pixel itself and its surrounding pixels to perform a better landslide susceptibility mapping (LSM) task is useful and feasible when using remote sensing and GIS technology. ©
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Convolutional neural network (CNN); Landslide susceptibility mapping (LSM); Logistic regression (LR); Post-earthquake; Support vector machine (SVM); U-net
INDEX KEYWORDS: Balancing; Earthquakes; Environmental technology; Lithology; Logistic regression; Mapping; Pixels; Remote sensing; Support vector machines; Support vector regression; Surveying; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Digital elevation model; Environmental influences; Landslide susceptibility; Landslide susceptibility mapping; Macroseismic intensity; Remote sensing and GIS; Spatial structure information; Landslides
REFERENCES: Dadson, Simon J., Earthquake-triggered increase in sediment delivery from an active mountain belt, Geology, 32, 8, pp. 733-736, (2004); 
Yin, Yueping, Landslide hazards triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China, Landslides, 6, 2, pp. 139-152, (2009); 
Shafique, Muhammad Ishraque Bin, A review of the 2005 Kashmir earthquake-induced landslides; from a remote sensing prospective, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 118, pp. 68-80, (2016); 
Bianchini, Silvia, From picture to movie: Twenty years of ground deformation recording over tuscany region (Italy) with satellite InSAR, Frontiers in Earth Science, 6, (2018); 
Shafique, Muhammad Ishraque Bin, Spatial and temporal evolution of co-seismic landslides after the 2005 Kashmir earthquake, Geomorphology, 362, (2020); 
Khazai, Bijan, Evaluation of factors controlling earthquake-induced landslides caused by Chi-Chi earthquake and comparison with the Northridge and Loma Prieta events, Engineering Geology, 71, 1-2, pp. 79-95, (2004); 
Tang, Chuan, Emergency assessment of seismic landslide susceptibility: A case study of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake affected area, Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, 8, 2, pp. 207-217, (2009); 
Huang, Faming, Comparisons of heuristic, general statistical and machine learning models for landslide susceptibility prediction and mapping, Catena, 191, (2020); 
Yalçın, Ali, GIS-based landslide susceptibility mapping using analytical hierarchy process and bivariate statistics in Ardesen (Turkey): Comparisons of results and confirmations, Catena, 72, 1, pp. 1-12, (2008); 
Ghosh, Jayanta Kumar, A Knowledge-based landslide Susceptibility zonation system, Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering, 24, 4, pp. 325-334, (2010)
PUBLISHER: MDPI AG diversity@mdpi.com
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS; GREEN ACCEPTED OPEN ACCESS; GREEN OPEN ACCESS

Duan, L., Xiang, M., Yang, J., Wei, X., Wang, C.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Duan, Linsen (57218939395); Xiang, Mingshun (50662335500); Yang, Jin (24741227200); Wei, Xiaohan (57218937595); Wang, Chunjian (57218935132)
57218939395; 50662335500; 24741227200; 57218937595; 57218935132
Eco-environmental assessment of earthquake-stricken area based on pressure-state-response (P-S-R) model
(2020) International Journal of Design and Nature and Ecodynamics, 15 (4), pp. 545 - 553, Cited 11 times.
DOI: 10.18280/ijdne.150412
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85090840710&doi=10.18280%2Fijdne.150412&partnerID=40&md5=f9ec8c6445097b0cdc4131033b9579c4

AFFILIATIONS: College of Tourism and Urban-Rural Planning, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Research Center for Human Geography of Tibetan Plateau and Its Eastern Slope, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: The 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake caused serious eco-environmental problems. To promote the restoration of ecological functions, it is important to carry out follow-up monitoring and scientific assessment of the eco-environment in the earthquake-stricken area. Based on the remote sensing (RS) images captured by Landsat satellites, this paper extracts and inverts the eco-environmental factors using RS and geographical information system (GIS) techniques. Then, an assessment index system was set up for the eco-environment in the earthquake-stricken area based on the pressure-state-response (P-SR) model. After that, the Analytic Network Process (ANP) was adopted to thoroughly assess the eco-environment in the study area. The results show that the eco-environment state of the study area worsened quickly before a gradual improvement, exhibiting a benign development trend; the most significant eco-environment changes took place in the following areas: the worst-hit towns, both sides of the Beichuan Great Fault Zone, river banks, and regions with frequent human activities; the eco-environment restoration is mainly affected by the long-term impact of the earthquake and its secondary geological disasters, restoration measures, geological conditions, and intensity of human activities. The research results provide insights into the progress of ecological restoration and the dynamic changes of ecological functions in the earthquake-stricken areas, laying a scientific basis for preparing ecological restoration measures for different stages. © 2020 WITPress. All rights reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Analytic network process (ANP); Earthquake; Eco-environment state; Geological disaster; Remote sensing (RS)
INDEX KEYWORDS: Bank protection; Ecology; Geology; Remote sensing; Restoration; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Analytic network process; Assessment index system; Ecological restoration; Geological conditions; Pressure state response (PSR); Remote sensing images; Restoration measures; Earthquakes
REFERENCES: Opdam, Paul F.M., Bridging the gap between ecology and spatial planning in landscape ecology, Landscape Ecology, 16, 8, pp. 767-779, (2001); 
Loucks, Colby J., The giant pandas of the Qinling Mountains, China: A case study in designing conservation landscapes for elevational migrants, Conservation Biology, 17, 2, pp. 558-565, (2003); 
Zhang, Jindong, Natural recovery and restoration in giant panda habitat after the Wenchuan earthquake, Forest Ecology and Management, 319, pp. 1-9, (2014); 
Peng, Jian, How to assess urban development potential in mountain areas? An approach of ecological carrying capacity in the view of coupled human and natural systems, Ecological Indicators, 60, pp. 1017-1030, (2016); 
Zhang, Zhejun, Old-growth forest is what giant pandas really need, Biology Letters, 7, 3, pp. 403-406, (2011); 
Chen, Ming, The long-term evolution of landslide activity near the epicentral area of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China, Geomorphology, 367, (2020); 
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences, (2008); 
Zhang, Shuai, Impact of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China on subsequent long-term debris flow activities in the epicentral area, Geomorphology, 276, pp. 86-103, (2017); 
Fan, Xuanmei, What we have learned from the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake and its aftermath: A decade of research and challenges, Engineering Geology, 241, pp. 25-32, (2018); 
Fan, Ruilin, Evolution of debris flow activities in Gaojiagou Ravine during 2008–2016 after the Wenchuan earthquake, Engineering Geology, 235, pp. 1-10, (2018)
PUBLISHER: International Information and Engineering Technology Association info@iieta.org
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; BRONZE OPEN ACCESS

Kan, K., Liu, B., Fan, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Kan, Zhou Y. (36664046300); Liu, Baoying (55797248000); Fan, Jie (36160843800)
36664046300; 55797248000; 36160843800
Post-earthquake economic resilience and recovery efficiency in the border areas of the Tibetan Plateau: A case study of areas affected by the Wenchuan Ms 8.0 Earthquake in Sichuan, China in 2008
(2020) Journal of Geographical Sciences, 30 (8), pp. 1363 - 1381, Cited 23 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11442-020-1786-8
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85087863771&doi=10.1007%2Fs11442-020-1786-8&partnerID=40&md5=29bf5509f52a4f88c04a0792b26dde14

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Institutes of Science and Development, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: The border areas of the Tibetan Plateau and the neighboring mountainous areas have a high incidence of earthquakes with a magnitude greater than M<inf>s</inf> 5.0, as well as having a dense distribution of geological disasters such as collapses, landslides, and debris flows. Revealing the post-disaster economic development and recovery process is very important for enhancing disaster prevention and response capacity in order to formulate control policies and recovery methods for post-disaster economic reconstruction based on economic resilience. Using long-term socioeconomic data and the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model, this paper calculated the economic resilience index of the areas most severely affected by the Wenchuan Earthquake of 2008 and adopted the improved variable returns to scale (VRS) date envelopment analysis (DEA) model and the Malmquist productivity index to analyze the efficiency and effect of annual post-disaster recovery. The results show that: (1) the economic resilience index of the areas most severely affected by the Wenchuan Earthquake was 0.877. The earthquake resulted in a short-term economic recession in the affected areas, but the economy returned to pre-quake levels within two years. In addition, the industrial economy was less resilient than agriculture and the service industry. (2) The comprehensive economic recovery efficiency of the disaster-stricken area in the year following the disaster was 0.603. The comprehensive efficiency, the pure technical efficiency, and the scale efficiency of the plain and hilly areas were significantly greater than those of the plateau and mountain areas. (3) The annual fluctuation in total factor productivity (TFP) following the disaster was considerable, and the economic recovery efficiency decreased significantly, resulting in a short-term economic recession. The TFP index returned to steady state following decreases of 33.7% and 15.2%, respectively, in the two years following the disaster. (4) The significant decrease in the post-disaster recovery efficiency was caused mainly by technological changes, and the renewal of the production system was the leading factor in determining the economic resilience following the disaster. With the decline in the scale of economic recovery following the earthquake, long-term economic recovery in the disaster-stricken areas depended mainly on pure technical efficiency, and the improvement in the latter was the driving force for maintaining the long-term growth of the post-disaster economy. Therefore, according to the local characteristics of natural environment and economic system, the disaster-stricken areas need to actively change and readjust their economic structures. At the same time, attention should be paid to updating the production system to enhance the level of technological progress and give full play to the scale effects of large-scale capital, new facilities, human resources, and other investment factors following the disaster so as to enhance the impact of economic resilience and recovery efficiency in response to the disaster. © 2020, Science in China Press.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: border areas of the Tibetan Plateau; economic resilience; Malmquist productivity index; post-disaster reconstruction area; recovery efficiency; Wenchuan Earthquake
REFERENCES: Baade, Robert A., Estimating the economic impact of natural and social disasters, with an application to hurricane Katrina, Urban Studies, 44, 11, pp. 2061-2076, (2007); 
Banker, Rajiv D., SOME MODELS FOR ESTIMATING TECHNICAL AND SCALE INEFFICIENCIES IN DATA ENVELOPMENT ANALYSIS., Management Science, 30, 9, pp. 1078-1092, (1984); 
International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters, (2012); 
Data Envelopment Analysis Theory Methodology and Applications, (1994); 
Scientia Sinica Terrae, (2013); 
Technical Report Nceer 93 0002, (1993); 
Cui, Peng, Mountain hazards in the Tibetan Plateau: Research status and prospects, National Science Review, 2, 4, pp. 397-399, (2015); 
Economics of Natural Disasters Implications for Federal Policy, (1969); 
Ding, Xianjun, A method based on input-output model to evaluate economic impact of disasters, Journal of Natural Disasters, 19, 2, pp. 113-118, (2010); 
Planning of Post Disaster Reconstruction of Wenchuan Resources and Environment Carrying Capacity Evaluation, (2025)
PUBLISHER: Science in China Press csb@scichina.com
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Liu, B., Han, S., Gong, H., Zhou, Z., Zhang, D.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Liu, Bin (56464425200); Han, Suyue (57215499164); Gong, Hao (57215502684); Zhou, Zhongli (7406092969); Zhang, Di (57216223277)
56464425200; 57215499164; 57215502684; 7406092969; 57216223277
Disaster resilience assessment based on the spatial and temporal aggregation effects of earthquake-induced hazards
(2020) Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27 (23), pp. 29055 - 29067, Cited 23 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09281-3
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85085314144&doi=10.1007%2Fs11356-020-09281-3&partnerID=40&md5=27803cf90730b1b6765cfa8a8c78d07d

AFFILIATIONS: College of Management Science, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Geomathematics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Since the “5.12” Wenchuan earthquake in 2008, frequent geologic hazards along the Longmenshan fault zone have had significant impacts on the socioeconomic conditions in the earthquake-stricken areas. Therefore, from the perspective of earthquake-induced hazards, this paper focuses on analyzing the change rules of disaster resilience under the spatial and temporal aggregation effects of earthquake-induced hazards, and this analysis provides an important basis for understanding the developmental characteristics of earthquake-induced hazards and disaster prevention, and mitigation after earthquakes. This paper takes Wenchuan County as an example. By collecting the 2008–2018 landslide geological hazards data, the global autocorrelation coefficient and local autocorrelation coefficient are adopted to analyze the temporal trends and spatial patterns of earthquake-induced hazards. At the same time, from the socioeconomic perspective, two disaster resilience indexes, the compatibility coefficient of industrial and employment structure and per capita GDP growth rate, were constructed to analyze the disaster resilience under the spatial and temporal aggregation effect of landslide geological hazards. The results show that, on the temporal trend, the temporal aggregation effect of earthquake-induced hazards has periodically decayed with time; in the spatial distribution, the spatial clustering effect as a whole increases first and then decreases, and the scope of the aggregation effect tends to narrow spatially. Disaster resilience (H<inf>xy</inf> and R<inf>GDP</inf>) showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing, and could not recover to the level before the earthquake in 2017, indicating that Wenchuan County was greatly affected by earthquake-induced hazards in the post-earthquake reconstruction process. © 2020, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Aggregation effect; Disaster resilience; Earthquake-induced hazards; Earthquake-stricken areas; Post-earthquake reconstruction
INDEX KEYWORDS: disaster management; disaster relief; earthquake event; fault zone; Gross Domestic Product; landslide; reconstruction; socioeconomic conditions; spatiotemporal analysis; China; Longmenshan Fault Zone; Sichuan; Wenchuan; disaster; earthquake; employment; Disasters; Earthquakes; Employment; Landslides
REFERENCES: Degli Abbati, Stefania, Theoretically-based and practice-oriented formulations for the floor spectra evaluation, Earthquake and Structures, 15, 5, pp. 565-581, (2018); 
Degli Abbati, Stefania, Seismic assessment of interacting structural units in complex historic masonry constructions by nonlinear static analyses, Computers and Structures, 213, pp. 51-71, (2019); 
Abramson, David M., Measuring individual disaster recovery: A socioecological framework, Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness, 4, SUPPL. 1, pp. S46-S54, (2010); 
Aleotti, Pietro, Landslide hazard assessment: Summary review and new perspectives, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 58, 1, pp. 21-44, (1999); 
Alimohammadlou, Yashar, Estimation of rainfall-induced landslides using ANN and fuzzy clustering methods: A case study in Saeen Slope, Azerbaijan province, Iran, Catena, 120, pp. 149-162, (2014); 
Berkes, Fikret, Community Resilience: Toward an Integrated Approach, Society and Natural Resources, 26, 1, pp. 5-20, (2013); 
Navigating Social Ecological Systems Building Resilience for Complexity and Change, (2003); 
A Review of Spatial Statistical Techniques for Location Studies, (1998); 
Bruneau, Michel, Exploring the concept of seismic resilience for acute care facilities, Earthquake Spectra, 23, 1, pp. 41-62, (2007); 
Burton, Christopher G., Evaluating post-Katrina recovery in Mississippi using repeat photography, Disasters, 35, 3, pp. 488-509, (2011)
PUBLISHER: Springer
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

R Francis, O., Hales, T.C., Hobley, D.E.J., Fan, X., Horton, A.J., Scaringi, G., Huang, R.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: R Francis, Oliver (57218210194); Hales, Tristram Charles (9741921500); Hobley, Daniel E.J. (36501645100); Fan, Xuanmei (12752112800); Horton, Alexander J. (57194219125); Scaringi, Gianvito (56335047900); Huang, Runqiu (55835407700)
57218210194; 9741921500; 36501645100; 12752112800; 57194219125; 56335047900; 55835407700
The impact of earthquakes on orogen-scale exhumation
(2020) Earth Surface Dynamics, 8 (3), art. no. 34, pp. 579 - 593, Cited 9 times.
DOI: 10.5194/esurf-8-579-2020
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85088315640&doi=10.5194%2Fesurf-8-579-2020&partnerID=40&md5=24929e08e06e76946f596685fd4e5041

AFFILIATIONS: School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, South Glamorgan, Wales, United Kingdom; Sustainable Places Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, South Glamorgan, Wales, United Kingdom; State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Engineering Geology and Applied Geophysics, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
ABSTRACT: Individual, large thrusting earthquakes can cause hundreds to thousands of years of exhumation in a geologically instantaneous moment through landslide generation. The bedrock landslides generated are important weathering agents through the conversion of bedrock into mobile regolith. Despite this, orogen-scale records of surface uplift and exhumation, whether sedimentary or geochemical, contain little to no evidence of individual large earthquakes. We examine how earthquakes and landslides influence exhumation and surface uplift rates with a zero-dimensional numerical model, supported by observations from the 2008 <span classCombining double low line"inline-formula"><i>M</i>wĝ€...7.9</span> Wenchuan earthquake. We also simulate the concentration of cosmogenic radionuclides within the model domain, so we can examine the timescales over which earthquake-driven changes in exhumation can be measured. Our model uses empirically constrained relationships between seismic energy release, weathering, and landsliding volumes to show that large earthquakes generate the most surface uplift, despite causing lowering of the bedrock surface. Our model suggests that when earthquakes are the dominant rock uplift process in an orogen, rapid surface uplift can occur when regolith, which limits bedrock weathering, is preserved on the mountain range. After a large earthquake, there is a lowering in concentrations of <span classCombining double low line"inline-formula">10Be</span> in regolith leaving the orogen, but the concentrations return to the long-term average within 10<span classCombining double low line"inline-formula">3</span> years. The timescale of the seismically induced cosmogenic nuclide concentration signal is shorter than the averaging time of most thermochronometers (<span classCombining double low line"inline-formula">>103</span> years). However, our model suggests that the short-term stochastic feedbacks between weathering and exhumation produce measurable increases in cosmogenically measured exhumation rates which can be linked to earthquakes. © Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
INDEX KEYWORDS: bedrock; cosmogenic radionuclide; earthquake event; exhumation; landslide; regolith; uplift; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Andermann, Christoff, Connecting source and transport: Suspended sediments in the Nepal Himalayas, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 351-352, pp. 158-170, (2012); 
Avouac, Jean Philippe, Dynamic Processes in Extensional and Compressional Settings - Mountain Building: From Earthquakes to Geological Deformation, 6, pp. 377-439, (2007); 
Balco, Greg A., A complete and easily accessible means of calculating surface exposure ages or erosion rates from 10Be and 26Al measurements, Quaternary Geochronology, 3, 3, pp. 174-195, (2008); 
Bennett, Georgina L., A probabilistic sediment cascade model of sediment transfer in the Illgraben, Water Resources Research, 50, 2, pp. 1225-1244, (2014); 
Blöthe, Jan Henrik, Millennial lag times in the Himalayan sediment routing system, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 382, pp. 38-46, (2013); 
Bull Seism Soc Am, (1984); 
Braucher, Régis, Production of cosmogenic radionuclides at great depth: A multi element approach, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 309, 1-2, pp. 1-9, (2011); 
Clark, Marin Kristen, Dynamic topography produced by lower crustal flow against rheological strength heterogeneities bordering the Tibetan Plateau, Geophysical Journal International, 162, 2, pp. 575-590, (2005); 
Croissant, Thomas, Rapid post-seismic landslide evacuation boosted by dynamic river width, Nature Geoscience, 10, 9, pp. 680-684, (2017); 
Croissant, Thomas, Seismic cycles, earthquakes, landslides and sediment fluxes: Linking tectonics to surface processes using a reduced-complexity model, Geomorphology, 339, pp. 87-103, (2019)
PUBLISHER: Copernicus GmbH
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Guo, X., Guo, Q., Feng, Z.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Guo, Xinyi (57218195758); Guo, Qing (56390923700); Feng, Zhongkui (57197336683)
57218195758; 56390923700; 57197336683
Relationship between landslide creep and vegetation anomalies in remote sensing images 滑坡蠕变与遥感影像上植被异常关系
(2020) National Remote Sensing Bulletin, 24 (6), pp. 776 - 786, Cited 8 times.
DOI: 10.11834/jrs.20208330
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85088216223&doi=10.11834%2Fjrs.20208330&partnerID=40&md5=33e965342d7d72d3ef2f094b6738fd64

AFFILIATIONS: Aerospace Information Research Institute, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Landslides bring great peril to mountainous areas in China. In recent years, catastrophic high-position landslides often occur after the Wenchuan earthquake. The landslides occurred in the mountains that have high or steep terrain and dense vegetation coverage. A typical case in Xinmocun occurred in Diexi Town, Maoxian County, Sichuan Province on June 24, 2017. Given the characteristics of high position and concealment, this type of landslide is difficult to be detected by GPS, InSAR, and other traditional investigation methods. Certain technologies should be promoted and applied to detect and prevent such high concealed landslides at high positions. The optical remote sensing technology, owning a special capability with large-range, non-contact, periodic coverage, and abundant data, has great potential in making up for the limitations of the above methods, which is of great significance to disaster prevention and mitigation. The creep of landslide causes changes in environmental conditions, such as loosening of rock mass, change in soil nutrient, and uneven distribution of water. Changes in environmental conditions cause vegetation growth to vary. In situ investigation is conducted on the anomaly of vegetation growth before landslide. Therefore, on the basis of vegetation anomaly, this study establishes a new indirect landslide monitoring method to prepare for the study of landslide prediction. This method identifies vegetation anomaly on the landslide body using high-resolution optical remote sensing images, establishes the relationship between the creep of landslides and vegetation anomaly, and analyzes the evolution process of landslide creep at the stage of potential landslides. The Xinmocun landslide, which has high vegetation coverage, is selected as an example for conducting experiments. First, according to the comprehensive interpretation of optical remote sensing images and geological data, the Xinmocun landslide area is divided into upper landslide hazard, middle potential impact, and lower human activity. Second, vegetation coverage in each area is calculated using three-time series optical remote sensing images (June 18, 2014; June 21, 2015; and June 28, 2016) before landslides. Finally, the relationship between vegetation growth status and landslide creep is analyzed and verified using the remote sensing images and geological survey after the landslide. Experiments on high-resolution optical remote sensing images, which were conducted at the same period of three years before the landslide, detected changes in vegetation. In the upper landslide hazard area, the main landslide source and the narrow slump areas above the deformable body were affected by the creep of landslide. Hence, vegetation coverage declined evidently from 2014 to 2016. With the increase of distance from the edge of the bare land, the smaller the effect of landslide creep is, and the better the status of vegetation gradually becomes. With the time of landslide approaching, the greater the effect of landslide creep is, and the worse the status of vegetation in the same position becomes. In the middle potential impact area, the vegetation coverage around the springs and gullies declines with the greater effect of landslide creep as the time of landslide approaches. In the lower human activity area, the variation of vegetation coverage has no obvious regularity because of complex factors. Through experiments of optical remote sensing data, the conclusions are drawn as follows. The status of vegetation in the upper landslide hazard area and the middle potential impact area has significant temporal and spatial correlation with landslide creep. This result reflects the inherent relationship between vegetation growth and the creep of landslides, which can be used to predict the occurrence of landslides. © 2020, Science Press. All right reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: GPS; InSAR; Landslide monitoring; Regional division; Remote sensing; Vegetation anomaly; Vegetation coverage; Xinmocun landslide
INDEX KEYWORDS: Creep; Disaster prevention; Earthquakes; Geology; Hazards; Image analysis; Optical resolving power; Remote sensing; Vegetation; Disaster prevention and mitigations; Environmental conditions; In-situ investigations; Investigation methods; Optical remote sensing; Optical remote sensing data; Potential impact areas; Temporal and spatial correlation; Landslides
REFERENCES: Ding, Yulong, Distortion-resistant ability of Tetraena mongolica root at the mining subsidence area, Zhongguo Kuangye Daxue Xuebao/Journal of China University of Mining and Technology, 42, 6, pp. 970-981, (2013); 
Du, Tao, Effects of surface cracks caused by coal mining on microorganisms and enzyme activities in rhizosphere of Salix psammophila, Meitan Xuebao/Journal of the China Coal Society, 38, 12, pp. 2221-2226, (2013); 
Science of Surveying and Mapping, (2006); 
undefined, (2015); 
Mountain Research, (2017); 
Kaufman, Yoram J., Atmospherically Resistant Vegetation Index (ARVI) for EOS-MODIS, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 30, 2, pp. 261-270, (1992); 
Journal of Lanzhou University Nat Science, (2014); 
Method of Vegetation Fraction Estimation by Remote Sensing, (2003); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2010); 
Lu, Tao, Monitoring vegetation recovery after China's May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake using Landsat TM time-series data: A case study in Mao County, Ecological Research, 27, 5, pp. 955-966, (2012)
PUBLISHER: Science Press rfchen@issas.ac.cn
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; BRONZE OPEN ACCESS

Huang, D., Li, Y.Q., Song, Y.-X., Ma, W.Z., Ma, G.W.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Huang, Da (55079254000); Li, Yanqi (57209508415); Song, Yixiang (57190386188); Ma, Wenzhu (57221167718); Ma, Guowei (7202152174)
55079254000; 57209508415; 57190386188; 57221167718; 7202152174
Ejection landslides triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and movement modelling using aerodynamic theory and artificial disintegration collision technique
(2020) Environmental Earth Sciences, 79 (11), art. no. 263, Cited 3 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s12665-020-09021-3
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85085579928&doi=10.1007%2Fs12665-020-09021-3&partnerID=40&md5=321f84a7f3eb04356d5b99b31d8b8ac0

AFFILIATIONS: School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China; College of Civil Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, Hebei, China
ABSTRACT: Many ejection landslides in the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake exhibited unusually dramatic behaviour in which a huge sliding mass was launched into the air and supported for a long distance because of the aerodynamic effect. In this paper, the formation conditions and movement characteristics of ejection landslides are analysed. The flight behaviour of the centroid of the ejection mass is studied by numerical solution with and without the aerodynamic effect. The impact and movement processes of the sliding mass are simulated by incorporating an advanced discretisation approach into discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA). Simulation results of the Dayanke rock avalanche induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake show that the aerodynamic effect significantly affects its flight behaviour before collision. Simultaneously, the colluvium on the slope surface remarkably reduces its traveling speed and runout. Moreover, the initial angle between the velocity of the detached ejection mass and the horizontal direction strongly affects the flight distance and final deposition pattern of the avalanche. © 2020, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Aerodynamic effect; Discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA); Ejection landslide; Rock avalanche; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Aerodynamics; Disintegration; Flight simulators; Landslides; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Aerodynamic effect; Aerodynamic theory; Deposition patterns; Discontinuous deformation analysis; Formation condition; Movement characteristics; Numerical solution; Earthquakes; aerodynamics; avalanche; collision; earthquake trigger; landslide; modeling; movement; rock avalanche; Sichuan earthquake 2008; sliding; slope angle; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Bird, Juliet F., Earthquake losses due to ground failure, Engineering Geology, 75, 2, pp. 147-179, (2004); 
de Blasio, Fabio Vittorio, Production of frictional heat and hot vapour in a model of self-lubricating landslides, Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 41, 1, pp. 219-226, (2008); 
Budimir, M. E.A., Seismically induced landslide hazard and exposure modelling in Southern California based on the 1994 Northridge, California earthquake event, Landslides, 12, 5, pp. 895-910, (2015); 
Davies, Timothy R.H., Dynamic simulation of the motion of fragmenting rock avalanches, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 39, 4, pp. 789-798, (2002); 
Davies, Timothy R.H., A fragmentation-spreading model for long-runout rock avalanches, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 36, 6, pp. 1096-1110, (1999); 
Delgado, José, Unconventional pseudostatic stability analysis of the Diezma landslide (Granada, Spain) based on a high-resolution engineering-geological model, Engineering Geology, 184, pp. 81-95, (2015); 
Dufresne, Anja, Granular flow experiments on the interaction with stationary runout path materials and comparison to rock avalanche events, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 37, 14, pp. 1527-1541, (2012); 
Dufresne, Anja, Longitudinal ridges in mass movement deposits, Geomorphology, 105, 3-4, pp. 171-181, (2009); 
Farin, Maxime, Fundamental changes of granular flow dynamics, deposition, and erosion processes at high slope angles: Insights from laboratory experiments, Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 119, 3, pp. 504-532, (2014); 
Foda, Mostafa A., Landslides riding on basal pressure waves, Continuum Mechanics and Thermodynamics, 6, 1, pp. 61-79, (1994)
PUBLISHER: Springer
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Ji, F., Dai, Z., Li, R.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Ji, Feng (57206273957); Dai, Zili (54398313300); Li, Renjie (57202731441)
57206273957; 54398313300; 57202731441
A multivariate statistical method for susceptibility analysis of debris flow in southwestern China
(2020) Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 20 (5), art. no. nhess-20-1321-2020, pp. 1321 - 1334, Cited 18 times.
DOI: 10.5194/nhess-20-1321-2020
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85085312418&doi=10.5194%2Fnhess-20-1321-2020&partnerID=40&md5=43a9b5bbd269361150925dfc76783198

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Department of Civil Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
ABSTRACT: Southwestern China is characterized by many steep mountains and deep valleys due to the uplift activity of the Tibetan Plateau. The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake left large amounts of loose materials in this area, making it a severe disaster zone in terms of debris flow. Susceptibility is a significant factor of debris flows for evaluating their formation and impact. Therefore, there is an urgent need to analyze the susceptibility to debris flows of this area. To quantitatively predict the susceptibility of the area to debris flows, this study evaluates 70 typical debris flow gullies, which are distributed along the Brahmaputra River, Nujiang River, Yalong River, Dadu River, and Ming River, as statistical samples. Nine indexes are chosen to construct a factor index system and then to evaluate the susceptibility to debris flow. They are the catchment area, longitudinal gradient, average gradient of the slope on both sides of the gully, catchment morphology, valley orientation, loose material reserves, location of the main loose material, antecedent precipitation, and rainfall intensity. Following this, an empirical model based on the Type I quantification theory is established for susceptibility prediction for debris flows in southwestern China. Finally, 10 debris flow gullies upstream of the Dadu River are analyzed to verify the reliability of the proposed model. The results show that the accuracy of the statistical model is 90&thinsp;%. © Author(s) 2020.
INDEX KEYWORDS: debris flow; multivariate analysis; numerical model; Sichuan earthquake 2008; slope dynamics; slope failure; soil mechanics; uplift; Brahmaputra River; China; Dadu River; Qinghai-Xizang Plateau; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Beguería, Santiago, A GIS-based numerical model for simulating the kinematics of mud and debris flows over complex terrain, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 9, 6, pp. 1897-1909, (2009); 
Bertrand, Mélanie, Debris-flow susceptibility of upland catchments, Natural Hazards, 67, 2, pp. 497-511, (2013); 
Blahůt, Jan, Analysis of landslide inventories for accurate prediction of debris-flow source areas, Geomorphology, 119, 1-2, pp. 36-51, (2010); 
Brayshaw, Drew, Debris flow initiation and sediment recharge in gullies, Geomorphology, 109, 3-4, pp. 122-131, (2009); 
Cama, M., Improving transferability strategies for debris flow susceptibility assessmentApplication to the Saponara and Itala catchments (Messina, Italy), Geomorphology, 288, pp. 52-65, (2017); 
Carrara, Alberto, Comparing models of debris-flow susceptibility in the alpine environment, Geomorphology, 94, 3-4, pp. 353-378, (2008); 
Dai, Zili, SPH model for fluid–structure interaction and its application to debris flow impact estimation, Landslides, 14, 3, pp. 917-928, (2017); 
Di, Baofeng, Assessing Susceptibility of Debris Flow in Southwest China Using Gradient Boosting Machine, Scientific Reports, 9, 1, (2019); 
Gao, You, Hydromechanical behavior of unsaturated soil with different initial densities over a wide suction range, Acta Geotechnica, 14, 2, pp. 417-428, (2019); 
Gregoretti, Carlo, GIS-based cell model for simulating debris flow runout on a fan, Journal of Hydrology, 534, pp. 326-340, (2016)
PUBLISHER: Copernicus GmbH info@copernicus.org
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Li, M., Tang, C., Chen, M., Shi, Q.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Li, Mingwei (57222871091); Tang, Chuan (35932953300); Chen, Ming (57199453005); Shi, Qingyun (57217257328)
57222871091; 35932953300; 57199453005; 57217257328
Spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of landslides in debris flow catchment in Beichuan County in the Wenchuan earthquake zone 汶川震区北川县泥石流流域崩滑体时空演变特征
(2020) Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, 47 (3), pp. 182 - 190, Cited 18 times.
DOI: 10.16030/j.cnki.issn.1000-3665.201909006
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85127603242&doi=10.16030%2Fj.cnki.issn.1000-3665.201909006&partnerID=40&md5=205bd5847f096fde7e2a6dec2b666f0f

AFFILIATIONS: Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: The Wenchuan Earthquake on May 12, 2008 triggered a large-scale co-seismic landslide, and the subsequent heavy rainfall prompted the formation of a new landslide. These loose solid materials became the main material source for subsequent debris flow disasters, which seriously threaten people, s lives and property security. In order to explore the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of the landslide in the debris flow catchment in the strong earthquake area, this paper takes the eight catchments dominated by the Weijiagou in Beichuan County as an example, and selects eight remote sensing images (after the earthquake in 2008, after the "9. 24" debris flow, and in 2010, 2011, 2013, 2014, 2015 and 2016), to respectively interpret the landslides, and calculate their spatial distribution characteristics. We also calculated the vegetation coverage (VFC) and vegetation coverage recovery rate (VCRR) in the study area using the normalized vegetation index (NDVI). The research results show that the development area of the landslide in the study area reaches a peak after the heavy rainfall, and then it returns to a stable state, and the area decreases year by year. The collapse body has the largest development area in the range of 900 - 1 100 m in elevation, 30° - 45° in slope, 90° - 135° in the slope direction and 150 m in the channel. The vegetation coverage in the catchment was the lowest after the "9. 24"debris flow disaster, and then recovered stably. In the period from the earthquake to 2010, the vegetation coverage recovery rate is more than moderate, and the vegetation restoration degree was low. After 2011, most areas in the catchments were at a medium or higher level of vegetation coverage recovery rate, and the degree of vegetation restoration was higher. By 2016, the vegetation coverage of the study area has returned to a high level of 0.86. This study also shows that vegetation has a certain inhibitory effect on debris flow activity. © The Author(s) 2020.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: debris flow; landslides; remote sensing; spatio-temporal evolution; vegetation recovery; Wenchuan earthquake area
REFERENCES: Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, (2016); 
Wen, Mingsheng, Regional warning of geological hazards in high seismic intensity area of Wenchuan Earthquake, Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control, 30, 1, pp. 10-19, (2019); 
Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, (2017); 
Cheng, Jack D., Hydrometeorological and landuse attributes of debris flows and debris floods during typhoon Toraji, July 29-30, 2001 in central Taiwan, Journal of Hydrology, 306, 1-4, pp. 161-173, (2005); 
Lin, Ching-Wee Weei, Impact of Chi-Chi earthquake on the occurrence of landslides and debris flows: Example from the Chenyulan River watershed, Nantou, Taiwan, Engineering Geology, 71, 1-2, pp. 49-61, (2004); 
Huang, Runqiu, Research on development and distribution rules of geohazards induced by Wenchuan earthquake on 12th May, 2008, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 27, 12, pp. 2585-2592, (2008); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2010); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2010); 
Tang, Chuan, Catastrophic debris flows triggered by a 14 August 2010 rainfall at the epicenter of the Wenchuan earthquake, Landslides, 8, 4, pp. 485-497, (2011); 
Hydrogeology Engineering Geology, (2011)
PUBLISHER: Editorial Office of Hydrogeology and Engineering
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Liu, X., Chen, Q., Zhao, J., Xu, Q., Luo, R., Zhang, Y., Yang, Y., Liu, G.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Liu, Xianwen (57198455031); Chen, Qiang (55978343800); Zhao, Jingjing (57191639171); Xu, Qian (57220945016); Luo, Rong (57225840423); Zhang, Yijun (57193542797); Yang, Yinghui (55323282300); Liu, Guoxiang (22035722100)
57198455031; 55978343800; 57191639171; 57220945016; 57225840423; 57193542797; 55323282300; 22035722100
The spatial response pattern of coseismic landslides induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake to the surface deformation and Coulomb stress change revealed from InSAR observations
(2020) International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 87, art. no. 102030, Cited 7 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jag.2019.102030
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85118871710&doi=10.1016%2Fj.jag.2019.102030&partnerID=40&md5=12df6df482027cc63b23f6498f8480b2

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Remote Sensing and Geoinformation Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: The 2008 Mw 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake triggered plenty of coseismic giant landslides, which resulted in almost one third of total fatalities and economic losses during the event. Previous studies investigated the spatial relations between landslide distribution and topographic and seismic factors such as elevation, slope aspect, distance from rupture trace and seismic intensity. However, few studies are performed exploring the effects of coseismic surface deformation and Coulomb stress change on triggering landslides due to lack of adequate deformation observation data and stress calculation model for slope failure. In this study, we develop an envelope method to map an entire coseismic deformation field in both near- and far-field areas of seismic faults through the data fusion from InSAR and pixel offset-tracking (POT) techniques. The change in static Coulomb stress (SCS) acting on coseismic landsliding surface caused by the event is determined using the faulting model derived from the joint inversion of InSAR and GPS data, and also with the use of the elastic half-space dislocation theory and the generalized Hook's law. The analysis suggests the spatial response pattern of seismic landslides to the coseismic ground motion and stress change, especially in the vicinity of fault rupture trace. The landslide density dramatically rises with the stress increase within the range from Yingxiu to Beichuan areas along the major surface rupture. Moving further and eastward along the fault strike, most of large landslides are triggered as the zone of positive SCS change narrows. Moreover, the high-magnitude surface displacements are possibly responsible for the giant landsliding events in the easternmost section. From the analysis of the stress transfer, the occurrence of landslides in the study area is largely controlled by the Yingxiu-Beichuan fault with overwhelming rupture length and fault slip, yet the Pengguan fault indeed shows dominance in the area between the two faults. The results show that coseismic surface deformation (derived from InSAR data in this study) and static Coulomb stress change can serve as two significant controlling factors on seismic landslide distribution and that the stress factor seems more significant in the vicinity of surface rupture. © 2019 Elsevier B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Coseismic landslides; Coseismic surface deformation; SAR data fusion; Spatial pattern; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: coseismic process; Coulomb criterion; deformation; landslide; Sichuan earthquake 2008; spatial analysis; stress change; synthetic aperture radar; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Abdallah, Chadi, Detecting major terrain parameters relating to mass movements' occurrence using GIS, remote sensing and statistical correlations, case study Lebanon, Remote Sensing of Environment, 99, 4, pp. 448-461, (2005); 
Quantitative Seismology Theory and Methods, (1980); 
Ambraseys, Nicholas N., Earthquake induced displacements of slopes, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 14, 1, pp. 59-71, (1995); 
Brain, Matthew J., The effects of normal and shear stress wave phasing on coseismic landslide displacement, Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 120, 6, pp. 1009-1022, (2015); 
Brennan, Andrew John, Evaluation of shear modulus and damping in dynamic centrifuge tests, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering - ASCE, 131, 12, pp. 1488-1497, (2005); 
Burchfiel, B. Clark, A geological and geophysical context for the Wenchuan earthquake of 12 May 2008, Sichuan, People's Republic of China, GSA Today, 18, 7, pp. 4-11, (2008); 
Chen, Qiang, Quantification of mass wasting volume associated with the giant landside Daguangbao induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake from persistent scatterer InSAR, Remote Sensing of Environment, 152, pp. 125-135, (2014); 
Chen, Qiang, A nonlinear inversion of InSAR-observed coseismic surface deformation for estimating variable fault dips in the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 76, pp. 179-192, (2019); 
Chen, Qiang, Sequential combination of multi-source satellite observations for separation of surface deformation associated with serial seismic events, International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 65, pp. 57-70, (2018); 
Chen, Qiang, Deep coseismic slip of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake inferred from joint inversion of fault stress changes and GPS surface displacements, Journal of Geodynamics, 87, pp. 1-12, (2015)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Fang, Q., Chen, Z., Tang, C., Xu, H.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Fang, Qunsheng (57022933100); Chen, Zhihe (55750392700); Tang, Chuan (35932953300); Xu, Huiliang (57217257556)
57022933100; 55750392700; 35932953300; 57217257556
Numerically simulating the runout volume of debris flow at urgent steep gully in the earthquake areas based on FLO-2D -Illustrated with a case of Wayao gully 基于FLO-2D数值模拟震区急陡型泥石流冲出量-以瓦窑沟为例
(2020) Zhongshan Daxue Xuebao/Acta Scientiarum Natralium Universitatis Sunyatseni, 59 (3), pp. 23 - 31, Cited 2 times.
DOI: 10.13471/j.cnki.acta.snus.2020.03.003
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85086909262&doi=10.13471%2Fj.cnki.acta.snus.2020.03.003&partnerID=40&md5=ed4cbf04a1e2172455c9f78c55cbf9a8

AFFILIATIONS: Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Water Security in Southern China of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; China Southwest Geotechnical Investigation and Architecture Design Institute Corporation, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: The mountain was seriously broken in the earthquake area after the Wenchuan earthquake. The critical threshold for inducing geological disasters such as debris flow and landslide was low. A type of urgent-steep gully debris flow was triggered, which led to extreme destruction. This type of debris flow has a shorter outbreak duration, a large volume concentration and a large average density, showing a strong "snowball effect" and strong "fire hose effect". The engineering measures have an important influence on FLO-2D numerical simulation of urgent-steep gully debris flows. Therefore, FLO-2D is used to simulate the runout volumes of typical urgent-steep gully debris flows under engineering measures and nonengineering measures scenarios respectively, taking Wayao gully in Wenchuan earthquake area as an example. The accuracy of numerical simulation results is 86.4%. The block dam in the circulation area can divide block debris flow into sections under the engineering measures, which makes the debris flow runout volume reduced. When the rainfall frequency is P =2%, under the engineering treatment measures scenario, the runout volume is 83.16%, the accumulation fan area is 75.81%, and the average accumulation depth is 30.25% less than those in the natural scenario. The research results can provide reference for disaster prevention and mitigation engineering and early warning of debris flow of urgent steep gullies in earthquake areas. © 2020, Editorial Department of Journal, Sun Yat-sen(Zhongshan) University. All right reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Engineering measures; Numerical model; Runout volume; Urgent-steep gully; Wayao gully; Wenchuan earthquake area
REFERENCES: Tang, Chuan, Rainfall-triggered debris flows following the Wenchuan earthquake, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 68, 2, pp. 187-194, (2009); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2008); 
Zhang, Shuai, Impact of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China on subsequent long-term debris flow activities in the epicentral area, Geomorphology, 276, pp. 86-103, (2017); 
Zou, Heping, Preliminary studies on causation of catastrophes in meizoseismal areas of the 5.12 Wenchuan huge earthquake, Zhongshan Daxue Xuebao/Acta Scientiarum Natralium Universitatis Sunyatseni, 48, 2, pp. 131-135, (2009); 
Journal of Catastrophology, (2016); 
Zhou, Wei, A rapid method to identify the potential of debris flow development induced by rainfall in the catchments of the Wenchuan earthquake area, Landslides, 13, 5, pp. 1243-1259, (2016); 
Fang, Qunsheng, A calculation method for predicting the runout volume of dam-break and non-dam-break debris flows in the Wenchuan earthquake area, Geomorphology, 327, pp. 201-214, (2019); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2010); 
Tang, Chuan, Catastrophic debris flows triggered by a 14 August 2010 rainfall at the epicenter of the Wenchuan earthquake, Landslides, 8, 4, pp. 485-497, (2011); 
Journal of Yunnan University, (2018)
PUBLISHER: Journal of Zhongshan University
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Liu, B., Hu, X., He, K., He, S.-H., Shi, H.-B., Liu, D.-Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Liu, Bo (57212007036); Hu, Xiewen (7404709509); He, Kun (57470523000); He, Shuheng (57216935933); Shi, Hong Bin (57216936844); Liu, Dingyi (57216934281)
57212007036; 7404709509; 57470523000; 57216935933; 57216936844; 57216934281
The starting mechanism and movement process of the coseismic rockslide: A case study of the Laoyingyan rockslide induced by the “5.12” Wenchuan earthquake
(2020) Journal of Mountain Science, 17 (5), pp. 1188 - 1205, Cited 24 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11629-019-5775-2
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85085359243&doi=10.1007%2Fs11629-019-5775-2&partnerID=40&md5=117b7110757ef0f94ef13a296ff77315

AFFILIATIONS: Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: The “5.12” Wenchuan earthquake in 2008 triggered a large number of co-seismic landslides. The rear boundary or cracks of co-seismic landslide are generally located at the steep free surface of thin or thick mountains. Dynamic process of this kind of landslides could be divided into two parts: the seismic dynamic response of the slope and the movement process of rock mass. Taking the Laoyingyan rockslide as an example, the amplification effect was studied by single-degree-of-freedom system analysis method. Besides, the dynamic process of landslide under seismic loading was simulated by the finite difference method (FDM) and discrete element method (DEM). The amplification coefficient of the rockslide to seismic wave is 1.25. The results show that the critical sliding surface of the Laoyingyan rockslide was formed at the 23th seconds under the action of seismic wave. At the same time, tension failure occurred at the rear edge of the sliding mass and shear failure occurred at the front edge. The maximum displacement was 0.81 m and the initial velocity was 2.78 m/s. During the initiation process of the rockslide, the rock mass firstly broke down along the joints which are along the dip of the rock stratum, and then collapsed bodily along the secondary structural planes. In the process of movement, the maximum velocity of rock mass was 38.24 m/s. After that, the rock mass underwent multiple collisions, including contact, deceleration to 0 and speed recovery after rebound. Finally, due to the constant loss of energy, the rocks stopped and accumulated loosely at the foot of the slope. The longest distance of movement was about 494 m. Besides, the smaller the damping ratio, the farther the rock mass moved. Compared with the results without considering the amplification factor, the movement distance of landslide by considering the amplification factor was more accurate. The study of the Laoyingyan rockslide is helpful to strengthen our field identification of potential co-seismic rockslides. At the same time, understanding its movement and accumulation process can help us better predict the hazard scope of the co-seismic rockslides, and provide a reference for the design of treatment projects. © 2020, Science Press, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, CAS and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Amplification coefficient; Co-seismic rockslide; Discrete element method; Finite difference method; Landslide; Seismic wave
INDEX KEYWORDS: amplification; coseismic process; discrete element method; finite difference method; landslide; mass movement; seismic wave; Sichuan earthquake 2008; trigger mechanism; China
REFERENCES: Bourdeau, Céline, Site effects modelling applied to the slope affected by the Suusamyr earthquake (Kyrgyzstan, 1992), Engineering Geology, 97, 3-4, pp. 126-145, (2008); 
Naeim, Farzad, DESIGN OF SEISMIC ISOLATED STRUCTURES: From Theory to Practice, pp. 1-290, (2007); 
FLAC Flac3d Foundation and Engineering Examples, (2009); 
Cui, Shenghua, An initiation model of DGB landslide: non-coordinated deformation inducing rock damage in sliding zone during strong seismic shaking, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 38, 2, pp. 237-253, (2019); 
Cui, Zhen, Analysis of S Wave Propagation Through a Nonlinear Joint with the Continuously Yielding Model, Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 50, 1, pp. 113-123, (2017); 
Burman, B. C., A discrete numerical model for granular assemblies, Geotechnique, 30, 3, pp. 331-336, (1980); 
Del Gaudio, Vincenzo, What we can learn about slope response to earthquakes from ambient noise analysis: An overview, Engineering Geology, 182, PB, pp. 182-200, (2014); 
Espada, Margarida, Safety Analysis of the Left Bank Excavation Slopes of Baihetan Arch Dam Foundation Using a Discrete Element Model, Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 51, 8, pp. 2597-2615, (2018); 
Fan, Wen, Characteristics and block kinematics of a fault-related landslide in the Qinba Mountains, western China, Engineering Geology, 249, pp. 162-171, (2019); 
Fan, Xuanmei, Earthquake-Induced Chains of Geologic Hazards: Patterns, Mechanisms, and Impacts, Reviews of Geophysics, 57, 2, pp. 421-503, (2019)
PUBLISHER: Science Press wangjing@neigae.ac.cn
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Xu, H., Sun, R., Xu, J., Tang, Y., Zhang, P.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Xu, Hua (55493840100); Sun, Runfang (57207780649); Xu, Jingsong (56931487700); Tang, Yinfei (57216911586); Zhang, Peng (57212992610)
55493840100; 57207780649; 56931487700; 57216911586; 57212992610
Seismic damage mechanism of slope and lining in the mountain tunnel portal section
(2020) E3S Web of Conferences, 165, art. no. 04073, Cited 1 times.
DOI: 10.1051/e3sconf/202016504073
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85085253321&doi=10.1051%2Fe3sconf%2F202016504073&partnerID=40&md5=9d3cfc4e8dc0b8ffed2dff551ffb9200

AFFILIATIONS: School of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Yunnan Communications Investment and Construction Group Co. Ltd., Kunming, Yunnan, China; China Railway Fourth Academy Group Southwest Survey and Design Co. Ltd., Kunming, China
ABSTRACT: A series of numerical simulations were conducted to study the seismic response in the mountain tunnel portal section. The seismic damage mechanism, including slope cracking and landslide, rockfalls and collapse, and lining cracking were analyzed based on the seismic damage characteristics of the Longxi tunnel during the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China. The results show that slope cracking due to the huge horizontal seismic inertial force which exceeds the strength of slope; landslide is caused by the connected cracks where the oblique component of horizontal seismic inertia force exceeds the shear strength of slope; rockfalls and collapse are caused by the cumulative tensile stress in loose soil and rock which exceed the strength of slope; the transverse lining cracks due to the alternate tensile and compressive action of the seismic load along the axial direction, which makes the lining tensile strain accumulates and exceeds the concrete ultimate strength. As for the longitudinal lining cracking, the transverse seismic load makes the bending moment direction in lining alternates, leading to the strength reduction of concrete. Moreover, the circumferential penetrating rupture zone is caused by the large shear force resulting from the slope sliding, which leads to the stress concentration at vault and when the tensile stress exceeds the concrete tensile strength, the vault begins to crack, and then the cracks extend from the arch shoulder to foot. © The Authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2020.
INDEX KEYWORDS: Earthquakes; Landslides; Railroad tunnels; Rock bursts; Shear strength; Tensile strain; Tensile strength; Tensile stress; Tunnel linings; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Axial direction; Horizontal seismic inertial force; Inertia force; Mountain tunnels; Seismic damage; Strength reduction; Ultimate strength; Concretes
REFERENCES: Du, Xiu Li, Inertia force-displacement method for seismic analysis of shallow buried underground structures, Yantu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 40, 4, pp. 583-591, (2018); 
Dong, Lin, Comparison of CPT-based and SPT-based liquefaction discrimination methods by Taiwan Chi-Chi earthquake data, Yantu Lixue/Rock and Soil Mechanics, 38, 12, pp. 3643-3648, (2017); 
World Earthquake Engineering, (2010); 
Tao, Lianjin, Shaking table test for seismic response in portal section of mountain tunnel, World Earthquake Engineering, 32, 4, pp. 7-16, (2016); 
China Earthquake Engineering Journal, (2017); 
Sui, Chuanyi, Shaking table tests and analysis on tunnel structures with high steep slope, Zhendong yu Chongji/Journal of Vibration and Shock, 36, 19, pp. 186-194, (2017); 
Liu, Guoqing, Dynamic Response Simulation of Lining Structure for Tunnel Portal Section under Seismic Load, Shock and Vibration, 2018, (2018); 
Wu, Dong, Damage evolution of tunnel portal during the longitudinal propagation of Rayleigh waves, Natural Hazards, 75, 3, pp. 2519-2543, (2015); 
Shen, Yushengu Sheng, Seismic damage mechanism and dynamic deformation characteristic analysis of mountain tunnel after Wenchuan earthquake, Engineering Geology, 180, pp. 85-98, (2014); 
Cui, Guangyao, Seismic damage and mechanism of portal structure of highway tunnels in Wenchuan Earthquake, Yantu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 35, 6, pp. 1084-1091, (2013)
PUBLISHER: EDP Sciences
CONFERENCE NAME: 2nd International Conference on Civil Architecture and Energy Science, CAES 2020
CONFERENCE DATE: 2020-03-20 through 2020-03-22
CONFERENCE LOCATION: Changchun
CONFERENCE CODE: 160037
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS; GREEN ACCEPTED OPEN ACCESS; GREEN OPEN ACCESS

Huang, D., Wang, G., Du, C., Jin, F., Feng, K., Chen, Z.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Huang, Duruo (57204711491); Wang, Gang (57195665257); Du, Chunyang (57203465943); Jin, Feng (56367295000); Feng, Kewei (57214871108); Chen, Zhengwei (57214871723)
57204711491; 57195665257; 57203465943; 56367295000; 57214871108; 57214871723
An integrated SEM-Newmark model for physics-based regional coseismic landslide assessment
(2020) Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 132, art. no. 106066, Cited 58 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2020.106066
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85079357239&doi=10.1016%2Fj.soildyn.2020.106066&partnerID=40&md5=f94b5ac0aac65f4896ea026774e95c30

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
ABSTRACT: Earthquake-induced landslides are one of the most catastrophic effects of earthquakes, as evidenced by many historic events over the past decades, such as the 1994 Northridge earthquake in California and the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China. Realistic prediction of coseismic landslides is crucial for the design of key infrastructure and to protect human lives in seismically active regions. To date, analytical methods for estimating coseismic landslides have been based on highly simplified models. In this study, an integrated Spectral Element Method (SEM)-Newmark model is developed to directly simulate three-dimensional wave field in complex topography on a regional scale, while the associated landslide is indicated by the Newmark sliding displacement analysis considering key model factors. Topographic amplification, soil response, near-field characteristics of earthquake shaking and hydrogeological conditions can be simulated, and their effects on coseismic landslides are studied. In this paper, two regional-scale case studies were conducted using the developed SEM-Newmark model, including landslide hazard assessment for natural terrain in the western part of Hong Kong island, and the massive landslides occurred during the 2014 M6.5 Ludian earthquake in China. These case studies demonstrated that the proposed integrated model can be effectively used for regional-scale coseismic landslide hazard assessment under various earthquake scenarios and hydrogeological conditions. © 2020
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Case studies; Coseismic landslide hazard; Newmark displacement analyses; Spectral element method; Topographic amplification
INDEX KEYWORDS: Earthquakes; Hazards; Hydrogeology; Topography; Case-studies; Displacement analysis; Landslide hazard; Spectral element method; Topographic amplification; Landslides; complex terrain; coseismic process; displacement; earthquake event; finite element method; hazard assessment; landslide; numerical model; seismic design; site effect; China; Hong Kong; Ludia
REFERENCES: Harp, Edwin L., Landslides triggered by the 1994 Northridge, California, earthquake, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 86, 1 SUPPL. B, pp. S319-S332, (1996); 
Yin, Yueping, Landslide hazards triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China, Landslides, 6, 2, pp. 139-152, (2009); 
Jibson, Randall W., Regression models for estimating coseismic landslide displacement, Engineering Geology, 91, 2-4, pp. 209-218, (2007); 
Rathje, Ellen M., Probabilistic seismic hazard analysis for the sliding displacement of slopes: Scalar and vector approaches, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering - ASCE, 134, 6, pp. 804-814, (2008); 
Du, Wenqi, Fully probabilistic seismic displacement analysis of spatially distributed slopes using spatially correlated vector intensity measures, Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 43, 5, pp. 661-679, (2014); 
Du, Wenqi, Influence of slope property variabilities on seismic sliding displacement analysis, Engineering Geology, 242, pp. 121-129, (2018); 
Du, Wenqi, Evaluation of seismic slope displacements based on fully coupled sliding mass analysis and NGA-West2 database, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering - ASCE, 144, 8, (2018); 
Du, Wenqi, Quantification of model uncertainty and variability in Newmark displacement analysis, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 109, pp. 286-298, (2018); 
Kokusho, Takaji, Energy-Based Newmark Method for earthquake-induced slope displacements, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 121, pp. 121-134, (2019); 
Jibson, Randall W., Methods for assessing the stability of slopes during earthquakes-A retrospective, Engineering Geology, 122, 1-2, pp. 43-50, (2011)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier Ltd
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Tian, Y., Owen, L.A., Xu, C., Ma, S., Li, K., Xiwei, X., Figueiredo, P.M., Kang, W., Guo, P., Wang, S., Liang, X., Maharjan, S.B.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Tian, Yingying (56384732700); Owen, Lewis A. (57203106423); Xu, Chong (35184309900); Ma, Siyuan (57190214231); Li, Kang (57189233443); Xiwei, Xu (8246843900); Figueiredo, Paula M. (35916941000); Kang, Wenjun (56816262600); Guo, Peng (57202913856); Wang, Siyu (57205340144); Liang, Xiaohua (24073256000); Maharjan, Sudan Bikash (58718915300)
56384732700; 57203106423; 35184309900; 57190214231; 57189233443; 8246843900; 35916941000; 56816262600; 57202913856; 57205340144; 24073256000; 58718915300
Landslide development within 3 years after the 2015 Mw 7.8 Gorkha earthquake, Nepal
(2020) Landslides, 17 (5), pp. 1251 - 1267, Cited 52 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s10346-020-01366-x
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85079224654&doi=10.1007%2Fs10346-020-01366-x&partnerID=40&md5=3934c0dcd6df796e065433bb7b1521b7

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Active Tectonics and Volcano, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Marine, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, United States; Institute of Crustal Dynamics, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing, China; School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada; International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal
ABSTRACT: The Araniko and Pasang Lhamu highways are two critical trading routes connecting Nepal and China that are experiencing and are threatened by landsliding. The April 25 M<inf>w</inf> 7.8 Gorkha earthquake and its May 12 M<inf>w</inf> 7.3 aftershock in 2015 significantly increased landsliding along these highways. Multi-temporal remote sensing images (pre-seismic to December 2017) on Google Earth, aerial photography acquired in 2018 using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), and field investigations and surveys in June 2015, November–December 2017, and April–May 2018 quantify the development of selected landslides after the earthquake along the two highways. These include detailed studies of 39 and 30 landslide locations in 2017 and 2018, respectively, with 14 locations common to both the 2017 and 2018 studies. Only the landslides in five locations showed a slight decrease in activity after the earthquake, and most landslides continued to move and enlarge. More than five new landslides were triggered by monsoon rainfalls in the summers of 2017 and 2018. All the landslides pose significant challenges for infrastructure reconstruction and hazard reduction in the area affected by the Gorkha earthquake, especially along the Araniko and Pasang Lhamu highways. Comparison of landslide debris volume, pre- and post- earthquake rainfalls, and earthquakes that occurred before and after the 2015 Gorkha earthquake with the 1999 Chi-Chi, 2005 Kashmir, and 2008 Wenchuan earthquakes show that continuing rainfall after earthquakes and strong aftershock shaking are key factors affecting continued landsliding in these earthquake-effected areas. © 2020, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: 2015 Gorkha earthquake; Ground-based investigation; Himalaya; Landsliding; Nepal; Remote sensing; UAV photography
INDEX KEYWORDS: Aerial photography; Antennas; Landslides; Location; Remote sensing; Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV); 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Field investigation; Ground based; Himalayas; Infrastructure reconstruction; Landsliding; Multi-temporal remote sensing; Nepal; Earthquakes; aerial photography; aftershock; earthquake event; field survey; landslide; rainfall; satellite imagery; unmanned vehicle; China
REFERENCES: Acharya, Tri Dev, Landslide Susceptibility Mapping using Relative Frequency and Predictor Rate along Araniko Highway, KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, 23, 2, pp. 763-776, (2019); 
Avouac, Jean Philippe, Lower edge of locked Main Himalayan Thrust unzipped by the 2015 Gorkha earthquake, Nature Geoscience, 8, 9, pp. 708-711, (2015); 
Basharat, Muhammad, Using PCA in evaluating event-controlling attributes of landsliding in the 2005 Kashmir earthquake region, NW Himalayas, Pakistan, Natural Hazards, 81, 3, pp. 1999-2017, (2016); 
Bhandary, Netra P., Areal distribution of large-scale landslides along highway corridors in central Nepal, Georisk, 7, 1, pp. 1-20, (2013); 
Assessment of Existing and Potential Landslide Hazards Resulting from the April 25 2015 Gorkha Nepal Earthquake Sequence, (2015); 
International Journal of Erosion Control Engineering, (2012); 
Dahal, Ranjan Kumar, Representative rainfall thresholds for landslides in the Nepal Himalaya, Geomorphology, 100, 3-4, pp. 429-443, (2008); 
Elliott, John R., Himalayan megathrust geometry and relation to topography revealed by the Gorkha earthquake, Nature Geoscience, 9, 2, pp. 174-180, (2016); 
Fan, Xuanmei, Failure mechanism and kinematics of the deadly June 24th 2017 Xinmo landslide, Maoxian, Sichuan, China, Landslides, 14, 6, pp. 2129-2146, (2017); 
Fan, Xuanmei, Coseismic landslides triggered by the 8th August 2017 M s 7.0 Jiuzhaigou earthquake (Sichuan, China): factors controlling their spatial distribution and implications for the seismogenic blind fault identification, Landslides, 15, 5, pp. 967-983, (2018)
PUBLISHER: Springer
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Tang, C., Liu, X., Cai, Y., Van Westen, C.J., Yang, Y., Tang, H., Yang, C., Tang, C.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Tang, Chenxiao (55486336700); Liu, Xinlei (57216791925); Cai, Yinghua (57216790501); Van Westen, Cees J. (6701664942); Yang, Yu (57216792040); Tang, Hai (57216781878); Yang, Chengzhang (57216781383); Tang, Chuan (35932953300)
55486336700; 57216791925; 57216790501; 6701664942; 57216792040; 57216781878; 57216781383; 35932953300
Monitoring of the reconstruction process in a high mountainous area affected by a major earthquake and subsequent hazards
(2020) Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 20 (4), pp. 1163 - 1186, Cited 15 times.
DOI: 10.5194/nhess-20-1163-2020
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85084634733&doi=10.5194%2Fnhess-20-1163-2020&partnerID=40&md5=592e0c8a715a180e1a34bcaa27f666b8

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation – ITC, Enschede, Overijssel, Netherlands; State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection (SKLGP), Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Sichuan Institute of Land and Space Ecological Restoration and Geological Hazard Prevention, Chengdu, China; The Geological Environment Monitoring Station, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: <p>Recovering from major earthquakes is a challenge, especially in mountainous environments where postearthquake hazards may cause substantial impacts for prolonged periods of time. Although such impacts were reported in the 1923 Great KantÅ earthquake and the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake, careless reconstruction in hazard-prone areas and consequently huge losses were witnessed following the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in the Sichuan province of China, as several reconstructed settlements were severely damaged by mass movements and floods. In order to summarize experiences and identify problems in the reconstruction planning, a monitoring of one of the settlements, the town of Longchi, was carried out by image interpretation and field investigation. Seven inventories containing buildings, farmlands, roads and mitigation measures were made to study the dynamics of elements at risk and exposure over a period of 11 years. It was found that the total economic value of the newly reconstructed buildings was several times more than in the preearthquake situation in 2007, because of enormous governmental investment. Postseismic hazards were not sufficiently taken into consideration in the recovery planning before the catastrophic debris flow disaster in 2010. As a result, the direct economic loss from postseismic disasters was slightly more than the loss caused by the Wenchuan earthquake itself. The society showed an impact-Adapt pattern, experiencing losses from disasters and then gaining resistance by abandoning buildings in hazard-prone areas and installing mitigation measures. The locations potentially exposed to postearthquake hazards were summarized, and a possible timetable for reconstruction was proposed. Problems might be encountered in hazard assessment, and possible solutions were discussed.</p>. © 2020 Copernicus GmbH. All rights reserved.
INDEX KEYWORDS: Chi-Chi earthquake 1999; hazard assessment; monitoring; mountain region; reconstruction; seismic hazard; settlement planning; Sichuan earthquake 2008; China
REFERENCES: Nepal S Earthquake Disaster Two Years and 4 1bn Later, (2017); 
Longchi Town Dujiangyan City Sichuan Province, (2016); 
Implementation of Multicriteria Decision Making Method in Selecting the Railway Line for Reconstruction in International Conference on Traffic Science Icts, (2006); 
Bout, Bastian Van Den, Integration of two-phase solid fluid equations in a catchment model for flashfloods, debris flows and shallow slope failures, Environmental Modelling and Software, 105, pp. 1-16, (2018); 
Cammerer, Holger, Spatio-temporal dynamics in the flood exposure due to land use changes in the Alpine Lech Valley in Tyrol (Austria), Natural Hazards, 68, 3, pp. 1243-1270, (2013); 
Chen, Hongey, Relationship between earthquake disturbance, tropical rainstorms and debris movement: An overview from Taiwan, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 68, 2, pp. 161-186, (2009); 
Chen, Xiaoqing, Engineering measures for debris flow hazard mitigation in the Wenchuan earthquake area, Engineering Geology, 194, pp. 73-85, (2015); 
Cheng, Jack D., Hydrometeorological and landuse attributes of debris flows and debris floods during typhoon Toraji, July 29-30, 2001 in central Taiwan, Journal of Hydrology, 306, 1-4, pp. 161-173, (2005); 
Chengdu Bureau of Land and Resources List of Mitigations in Longchi Chengdu, (2018); 
Cigler, Beverly A., Post-Katrina hazard mitigation on the gulf coast, Public Organization Review, 9, 4, pp. 325-341, (2009)
PUBLISHER: Copernicus GmbH info@copernicus.org
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS; GREEN ACCEPTED OPEN ACCESS; GREEN OPEN ACCESS

Yu, B., Yang, L., Liu, Q., Chang, M.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Yu, Bin (37058094800); Yang, Lingwei (57216969165); Liu, Qinghua (55546679800); Chang, Ming (36727157900)
37058094800; 57216969165; 55546679800; 36727157900
A Precise Prediction Model on Debris Flows Caused by Runoff Mechanism Based on Channel Width and Particle Size 基于沟床宽度与颗粒粒径的泥石流精细化预报模型
(2020) Diqiu Kexue - Zhongguo Dizhi Daxue Xuebao/Earth Science - Journal of China University of Geosciences, 45 (4), pp. 1447 - 1456, Cited 2 times.
DOI: 10.3799/dqkx.2019.131
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85085576305&doi=10.3799%2Fdqkx.2019.131&partnerID=40&md5=40ba760bc6410a3cb31f60599451163c

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: The channel width and particle size in the formation area of debris flow catchment are important factors in the initiation of debris flows caused by runoff mechanism. This phenomenon is often found in the debris flows in strong earthquake area. Up to now, there is no prediction model of debris flow involving these two factors. Based on the 10 min and 1 h precise prediction model of debris flow, this study proposes a revised 10 min and 1 h precise prediction model of debris flow with channel width and particle size by field investigations. The validations were made in the group debris flow events of Dayi, Wangmo County, Guizhou Province, in the group debris flow events of Dechang, Sichuan Province, and a series debris flows in Wenjia Gully located in the Wenchuan earthquake area. The validations were successful in these debris flows events. It is concluded that the particle size in the formation area of debris flow catchment is the geological factor, and the channel width of the formation area of debris flow catchment is one of the topographical factor. Both of them are very important in the formation of debris flows. The revised 10 min and 1 h precise prediction model of debris flows can be used for forecasting of the ordinary debris flows and debris flows in strong earthquake area. © 2020, Editorial Department of Earth Science. All right reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Channel width; Debris flow; Disaster prediction; Particle size; Runoff
INDEX KEYWORDS: Catchments; Debris; Earthquakes; Forecasting; Particle size; Field investigation; Geological factors; Guizhou Province; Mechanism-based; Prediction model; Sichuan province; Strong earthquakes; Wenchuan Earthquake; Runoff
REFERENCES: Chen, Hongxin, Evolution of debris flow properties and physical interactions in debris-flow mixtures in the Wenchuan earthquake zone, Engineering Geology, 182, PB, pp. 136-147, (2014); 
Fan, Ruilin, Evolution of debris flow activities in Gaojiagou Ravine during 2008–2016 after the Wenchuan earthquake, Engineering Geology, 235, pp. 1-10, (2018); 
Kean, Jason W., In situ measurements of post-fire debris flows in southern California: Comparisons of the timing and magnitude of 24 debris-flow events with rainfall and soil moisture conditions, Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 116, 4, (2011); 
Li, Fang, Rainfall-Induced Meteorological Early Warning of Geo-Hazards Model: Application to the Monitoring Demonstration Area in Honghe Prefecture, Yunnan Province, Diqiu Kexue - Zhongguo Dizhi Daxue Xuebao/Earth Science - Journal of China University of Geosciences, 42, 9, pp. 1637-1646, (2017); 
McGuire, Luke A., Debris flow initiation by runoff in a recently burned basin: Is grain-by-grain sediment bulking or en masse failure to blame?, Geophysical Research Letters, 44, 14, pp. 7310-7319, (2017); 
Ni, Huayong, Advances in the physical simulation experiment on debris flow initiation in China, Shuikexue Jinzhan/Advances in Water Science, 25, 4, pp. 606-613, (2014); 
Shieh, Cheng-Lun Lun, Variability in rainfall threshold for debris flow after the Chi-Chi earthquake in central Taiwan, China, International Journal of Sediment Research, 24, 2, pp. 177-188, (2009); 
J Mt Sci, (2010); 
van Asch, Theodore W.J., The development of a 1-D integrated hydro-mechanical model based on flume tests to unravel different hydrological triggering processes of debris flows, Water (Switzerland), 10, 7, (2018); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2010)
PUBLISHER: China University of Geosciences
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Li, R., Hu, X., Xu, D., Liu, Y., Yu, N.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Li, Ruiheng (57203738164); Hu, Xiangyun (7404709263); Xu, Dong (59603588300); Liu, Yang (57859600700); Yu, Nian (24529281800)
57203738164; 7404709263; 59603588300; 57859600700; 24529281800
Characterizing the 3D hydrogeological structure of a debris landslide using the transient electromagnetic method
(2020) Journal of Applied Geophysics, 175, art. no. 103991, Cited 29 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jappgeo.2020.103991
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85081136202&doi=10.1016%2Fj.jappgeo.2020.103991&partnerID=40&md5=d0bb5e5269325d67d87d3f985241a359

AFFILIATIONS: School of Electrical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China; Institute of Geophysics & Geomatics, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
ABSTRACT: Debris landslides are one of the most common types of landslides in the Wenchuan earthquake area. The characteristics of the hydrogeological structure are the basis for landslide stability evaluation and protection treatment. The preferred seepage paths developed in debris landslides control the flow of groundwater and have a direct impact on the soil instability and sliding surface instability. Therefore, it is particularly important to understand the groundwater seepage system. Recently, many joint geophysical surveys have been used to detect the hydrogeological structure of landslides. However, these joint surveys aim to detect structures on a large scale and do not focus on the seepage path systems in debris landslides. It is difficult to detect the 3D structure of the seepage path system in detail, taking into account the portability, penetration, and resolution while meeting the practical needs of landslide prevention. To date, no one method has been identified as the best detection method for characterizing complex 3D hydrogeological structures. To reveal the complex seepage paths efficiently, we investigated a debris landslide in Xishan village, Sichuan Province, China, by using the transient electromagnetic method (TEM), which is a fast and portable method. Additionally, we proposed an effective quasi-3D inversion strategy with kdTree to determine the geoelectric structure and to make a geological interpretation. The interpretation was verified with field engineering surveys, other geophysical surveys, and remote sensing data. The results suggest that the complex 3D structure in this debris landslide is characterized by a dendritic pipe network-like seepage drainage system. In addition, this work assessed the ability to detect different parts of the landslide based on the given resolution. Furthermore, the resolution and detection efficiency of the TEM were compared with those of other geophysical methods. The assessment and comparison demonstrated that the TEM can be used as the main survey method to fulfill the real-world demands of detecting seepage path systems in a debris landslide. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: 3D hydrogeophysics model; Debris landslide; Preferential flow; Transient electromagnetic method
INDEX KEYWORDS: 3D modeling; Complex networks; Debris; Earthquakes; Geological surveys; Groundwater; Groundwater flow; Remote sensing; Seepage; Structural geology; Transient analysis; Debris landslide; Detection efficiency; Geoelectric structures; Geological interpretation; Hydrogeological structures; Hydrogeophysics; Preferential flows; Transient electromagnetic methods; Landslides; debris flow; electromagnetic method; geophysical method; landslide; seepage; Sichuan earthquake 2008; slope stability; three-dimensional modeling; transient flow; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Adamczyk, Anna, Application of first-arrival tomography to characterize a quick clay landslide site in Southwest Sweden, Acta Geophysica, 61, 5, pp. 1057-1073, (2013); 
Adamczyk, Anna, High-resolution near-surface velocity model building using full-waveform inversion-a case study from southwest Sweden, Geophysical Journal International, 197, 3, pp. 1693-1704, (2014); 
J Water Resour Prot, (2015); 
Auken, Esben A., Large-scale TEM investigation for groundwater, Exploration Geophysics, 34, 3, pp. 188-194, (2003); 
10th European Meeting of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics, (2004); 
Auken, Esben A., A survey of current trends in near-surface electrical and electromagnetic methods, Geophysics, 71, 5, pp. G249-G260, (2006); 
Auken, Esben A., An integrated study of the hydrogeology of volcanic islands using helicopter borne transient electromagnetic: Application in the Galápagos Archipelago, Comptes Rendus - Geoscience, 341, 10-11, pp. 899-907, (2009); 
Balia, Roberto, Integrated interpretation of IP and TEM data for salinity monitoring of aquifers and soil in the coastal area of Muravera (Sardinia, Italy), Bollettino di Geofisica Teorica ed Applicata, 56, 1, pp. 31-42, (2015); 
Bastani, Mehrdad, 2D joint inversion of RMT and ERT data versus individual 3D inversion of full tensor RMT data: An example from Trecate site in Italy, Geophysics, 77, 4, pp. WB233-WB243, (2012); 
Studia Geotechnica Et Mechanica, (2015)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Bai, S., Lu, P., Thiebes, B.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Bai, Shibiao (15830966700); Lu, Ping (41861974200); Thiebes, Benni (55668276300)
15830966700; 41861974200; 55668276300
Comparing characteristics of rainfall- and earthquake-triggered landslides in the Upper Minjiang catchment, China
(2020) Engineering Geology, 268, art. no. 105518, Cited 46 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2020.105518
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85079234995&doi=10.1016%2Fj.enggeo.2020.105518&partnerID=40&md5=008ec468ba20fc7ca403d4c5f8f87ee4

AFFILIATIONS: College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; College of Surveying and Geo-Informatics, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; German Committee for Disaster Reduction (DKKV), Bonn, Germany
ABSTRACT: The Upper Minjiang catchment is located at the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau and is frequently affected by landslides. The two main triggering factors in the region are rainfall and high magnitude seismic shocks, such as the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. In this paper, we present a comparison study of pre-conditioning factors that drive the spatial occurrence of landslides in this high elevation region. We used a multi-temporal landslide inventory that differentiates between rainfall and earthquake triggers based on the analyses of satellite imagery, aerial photos, and field investigations. Our investigation revealed that the strongest influences on landslides are lithology and topographic factors. The difference between these two triggering factors can also be observed with respect to the relative slope positions: rainfall-triggered landslides are more frequently found at lower slopes, while seismic-induced landslides are more evenly distributed on very steep slope sections. In particular, the steep and deeply incised river terraces in this region are prone to landslides due to their rapid formation. This study presents the first analysis that differentiates two main triggering factors in order to understand the influence of rainfall and earthquakes on landslide occurrences in this region. Our results can also aid in the sustainable management of performance-based slope engineering and landslide risk reduction by reporting the differences regarding the spatial distribution of rainfall- and seismic-triggered slope failures. Consequently, these results can be used by local and regional decision-makers for risk management and spatial planning. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Earthquake; Landslides; Rainfall; Upper Minjiang catchment
INDEX KEYWORDS: Antennas; Catchments; Decision making; Landslides; Lithology; Rain; Risk management; Runoff; Satellite imagery; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Earthquake-triggered landslides; Field investigation; Landslide inventories; Seismic-induced landslides; Slope engineering; Sustainable management; Triggering factors; Earthquakes; catchment; earthquake trigger; landslide; rainfall; slope failure; China; Qinghai-Xizang Plateau
REFERENCES: Chang, Kangtsung, Modeling typhoon- and earthquake-induced landslides in a mountainous watershed using logistic regression, Geomorphology, 89, 3-4, pp. 335-347, (2007); 
Chen, Jinnchyi, Characteristics of rainfall triggering of debris flows in the Chenyulan watershed, Taiwan, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 13, 4, pp. 1015-1023, (2013); 
Chigira, Masahiro, Landslides induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China, Geomorphology, 118, 3-4, pp. 225-238, (2010); 
Michael J. Crozier, Michael J., Deciphering the effect of climate change on landslide activity: A review, Geomorphology, 124, 3-4, pp. 260-267, (2010); 
Cruden, David M., Landslide types and processes, Special Report - National Research Council, Transportation Research Board, 247, pp. 36-75, (1996); 
Cui, Peng, The 12 May Wenchuan earthquake-induced landslide lakes: Distribution and preliminary risk evaluation, Landslides, 6, 3, pp. 209-223, (2009); 
Dehn, Martin, Impact of climate change on slope stability using expanded downscaling, Engineering Geology, 55, 3, pp. 193-204, (2000); 
Seismology and Geology, (1994); 
Densmore, Alexander Logan, Topographic fingerprints of bedrock landslides, Geology, 28, 4, pp. 371-374, (2000); 
Densmore, Alexander Logan, Active tectonics of the Beichuan and Pengguan faults at the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, Tectonics, 26, 4, (2007)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Mu, P.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Mu, Peng (57200932259)
57200932259
Sensitivity Analysis of Factors Influencing the Stability of Loess Landslide
(2020) IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 768 (2), art. no. 022039, Cited 1 times.
DOI: 10.1088/1757-899X/768/2/022039
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85083013096&doi=10.1088%2F1757-899X%2F768%2F2%2F022039&partnerID=40&md5=b8af3e724710352f3c5415941495b3d2

AFFILIATIONS: College of Equipment Management and Support, Engineering University of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
ABSTRACT: Sensitivity analysis is used to check and analyze the factors that have a greater impact on the stability of the landslide, and determine the most sensitive factors that affect the stability of the landslide. At present, the sensitivity analysis of the factors affecting the stability of loess landslides in high intensity seismic regions has not been reported. In this paper, taking a loess landslide in Wenchuan earthquake area as an example, the sensitivity of its stability factors is analyzed by using the improved grey correlation method, which provides the basis for the treatment and design of loess landslide. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.
REFERENCES: Ningxia Engineering Technology, (2018); 
Chinese Journal Rock Mechanics and Engineering, (2000); 
Wang, Junqing, Analysis of influence factors of high slope stability of loess: Taking the Baojixia Water Division Project for example, Yantu Lixue/Rock and Soil Mechanics, 30, 7, pp. 2114-2118, (2009); 
Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, (1999); 
Journal of North China Electric Power University, (2005)
PUBLISHER: Institute of Physics Publishing helen.craven@iop.org
SPONSORS: China University of Petroleum, Yanshan University
CONFERENCE NAME: 3rd International Symposium on Application of Materials Science and Energy Materials, SAMSE 2019
CONFERENCE DATE: 2019-12-30 through 2019-12-31
CONFERENCE LOCATION: Shanghai
CONFERENCE CODE: 158726
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Guo, C., Cui, Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Guo, Chaoxu (56148683500); Cui, Yifei (57193514784)
56148683500; 57193514784
Pore structure characteristics of debris flow source material in the Wenchuan earthquake area
(2020) Engineering Geology, 267, art. no. 105499, Cited 67 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2020.105499
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85078533972&doi=10.1016%2Fj.enggeo.2020.105499&partnerID=40&md5=80ab526dbe2877fd29c20442126100eb

AFFILIATIONS: Fujian Key Laboratory of Green Building Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Wide-grading loose soils (WGLS) are a special slope deposit that often serve as a source for debris flows in the western mountainous area of China. Previous research indicated that rainfall infiltration induced the migration of fine particles within soil slopes and lead to the initiation of shallow failure and subsequent debris flows. Clearly, soil pore structure exerts a profound influence on seepage during rainfall infiltration, which is closely related to soil permeability and corresponding internal erosion. The current understanding of the mechanisms of fine particle migration is limited because of the complexity of WGLS micropore structure. The challenge lies in how to systematically characterize WGLS pore structure so that it provides a foundation for future numerical simulations of fine particle migration-induced debris flows. In this study, the characteristics of WGLS pore structure were analyzed quantitatively using scanning electron microscopy. The results revealed that WGLS predominantly contained micropores and mesopores. The pore size distribution exhibited a bimodal nature with one peak occurring at a pore diameter of 12 μm and another at 72 μm. The pore complexity of all samples exceeded 0.75, which indicates a low aspect ratio for each pore. The average diameter of the fine particles that migrated was then determined with a laboratory seepage test. A preliminary jamming probability analysis based on three-dimensional micropore reconstruction and average fine particle diameter indicate that jamming is most prevalent along the slope. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Fine particle migration; Micropore structure; Serial tomography; Shallow failure; Wide-grading loose soil
INDEX KEYWORDS: Aspect ratio; Debris; Earthquakes; Grading; Jamming; Microporosity; Particle size analysis; Pore size; Rain; Scanning electron microscopy; Seepage; Soils; Fine particles; Jamming probability; Loose soils; Micro-pore structures; Rainfall infiltration; Soil permeability; Structure characteristic; Wenchuan Earthquake; Pore structure; debris flow; failure analysis; finite element method; permeability; pore space; seepage; Sichuan earthquake 2008; tomography; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Abell, Anne B., Mercury intrusion porosimetry and image analysis of cement-based materials, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 211, 1, pp. 39-44, (1999); 
Allaire, Suzanne Edith, Quantifying preferential flow in soils: A review of different techniques, Journal of Hydrology, 378, 1-2, pp. 179-204, (2009); 
undefined, (2013); 
Baruchel, José, Advances in synchrotron radiation microtomography, Scripta Materialia, 55, 1 SPEC. ISS., pp. 41-46, (2006); 
Beverloo, Wim A., The flow of granular solids through orifices, Chemical Engineering Science, 15, 3-4, pp. 260-269, (1961); 
Blunt, Martin J., Pore-scale imaging and modelling, Advances in Water Resources, 51, pp. 197-216, (2013); 
Fabric and Mineral Analysis of Soils, (1976); 
Chang, Dongsheng, Critical hydraulic gradients of internal erosion under complex stress states, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering - ASCE, 139, 9, pp. 1454-1467, (2013); 
Chen, K. T., Simulating the failure process of the Xinmo landslide using discontinuous deformation analysis, Engineering Geology, 239, pp. 269-281, (2018); 
Clausnitzer, V., Pore-scale measurements of solute breakthrough using microfocus X-ray computed tomography, Water Resources Research, 36, 8, pp. 2067-2079, (2000)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Qi, W., Wang, Z., Bo, J., Zheng, T.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Qi, Wenhao (11940844400); Wang, Zhenqing (57209621580); Bo, Jiangshan (7006324952); Zheng, Tong (59589438700)
11940844400; 57209621580; 7006324952; 59589438700
Study on earthquake disaster distribution and site response of Hanyuan abnormal intensity during the Wenchuan earthquake 汶川地震汉源县城震害分布与场地反应分析
(2020) Harbin Gongcheng Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Harbin Engineering University, 41 (3), pp. 383 - 389, Cited 4 times.
DOI: 10.11990/jheu.201810049
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85088649350&doi=10.11990%2Fjheu.201810049&partnerID=40&md5=373686f97f57c82c256428476dd123da

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; College of Aerospace and Civil Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China; Department of Earthquake Science, Institute of Disaster Prevention Science and Technology, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: In order to explain earthquake disaster distribution of Hanyuan abnormal high intensity during the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, five controlling boreholes in a seriously damaged area were calculated by an equivalent linearization wave method. The peak ground accelerations of the five boreholes were very large, reaching seismic degree VIII, and the acceleration response spectra all exceeded the seismic precautionary criterion of a middle earthquake; the peak ground accelerations of three boreholes located in accumulation body of the Beihoushan landslide were larger with an acceleration response spectra that exceeded the seismic precautionary criterion of large earthquake. The peak ground accelerations of the borehole near the Beihoushan Mountain and the borehole near Liusha River were smaller, with an acceleration response spectrum of the two boreholes nearly reaching the seismic precautionary criterion of large earthquake. The earthquake disaster distribution of Hanyuan was highly related to the seismic response of the Hanyuan sites. © 2020, Editorial Department of Journal of HEU. All right reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Abnormal intensity; Disaster distribution; Hanyuan County; Peak acceleration value; Response spectrum; Site condition; Site seismic response; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Acceleration; Boreholes; Emergency services; Seismic response; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Acceleration response; Acceleration response spectrums; Earthquake disaster; Equivalent linearization; Large earthquakes; Peak ground acceleration; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes
REFERENCES: Loss assessment of Wenchuan Earthquake, 28, 5, pp. 10-19; 
Qi, Wenhao, Preliminary study on a special site in Wenchuan earthquake, 30, 3, pp. 53-58, (2010); 
Technology for Earthquake Disaster Prevention, (2008); 
Men, Ni, Dynamic stability analysis of Beihou Mountain landslide in Hanyuan County, World Earthquake Engineering, 31, 3, pp. 211-219, (2015); 
Li, Ping, Effects of soil structure on abnormal intensity in Hanyuan old town, Acta Seismologica Sinica, 34, 6, pp. 851-857, (2012); 
Li, Ping, Effects of river valley topography on anomalously high intensity in the Hanyuan town during the Wenchuan MS8.0 earthquake, Acta Geophysica Sinica, 59, 1, pp. 174-184, (2016); 
Hongshuai, Liu, Site amplification effects as an explanation for the intensity anomaly in the Hanyuan Town during the Wenchuan Mw 7.9 earthquake, 15, 3, pp. 435-444, (2016); 
Anderson, John G., Strong ground motion from the Michoacan, Mexico, earthquake, Science, 233, 4768, pp. 1043-1049, (1986); 
Tsai, Victor C., Explaining extreme ground motion in Osaka basin during the 2011 Tohoku earthquake, Geophysical Research Letters, 44, 14, pp. 7239-7244, (2017); 
Takewaki, Izuru, Preliminary report of the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake, Journal of Zhejiang University: Science A, 12, 5, pp. 327-334, (2011)
PUBLISHER: Editorial Board of Journal of Harbin Engineering
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Xian, G.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Xian, Guo (58684382500)
58684382500
Dynamic Construction Organization Management of Yuelongmen Tunnel of Chengdu-Lanzhou Railway 成兰铁路跃龙门隧道动态施工组织管理研究
(2020) Tunnel Construction, 40 (3), pp. 452 - 463, Cited 5 times.
DOI: 10.3973/j.issn.2096-4498.2020.03.019
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85164361237&doi=10.3973%2Fj.issn.2096-4498.2020.03.019&partnerID=40&md5=d80da6d02ad23a5a1787e52cf4a641fb

AFFILIATIONS: Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: New Yuelongmen Tunnel of Chengdu-Lanzhou Railway passes through the famous Longmen Mountains in China, which has a controlled construction period along the whole railway line. The construction organization of Yuelongmen Tunnel is affected by many factors including unfavorable geology (e. g. high in-situ stress, high temperature, high gas and H<inf>2</inf>S, large deformation of soft rock, active fault zone and water-rich karst), and secondary geological hazards (e. g. landslide and debris flow after 2018 Wenchuan Earthquake). In addition, the dead-end distance of tunnel construction ventilation in the construction site of No. 3 inclined shaft reaches 8 km, and the section is adjusted due to the "tunnel group effect" of large deformation of soft rock, increasing the out-shift parallel adits, resulting in a " 2+1+1" tunnel structure (four tracks parallel to each other), high-gas ventilation and a sharp increase in difficulties of logistics transportation. These lead to substantial challenges in dynamic control of tunnel construction organization to cope with the features of diversification and complexity. Thus, at the preliminary stage and during the construction of Yuelongmen Tunnel, scientific technologies for dynamic control and management methodologies have been established. Especially, scientific research and integrated innovation based on the existing achievements have been performed in respect of large deformation of soft rock, crossing active fault zone, geological prediction of water-rich karst, ventilation of super long tunnel and logistics organization and transportation. Such studies and innovations have been gradually improved and optimized in the implementation process, which makes the work progress of Yuelongmen Tunnel controllable and effective, and thus provide a useful reference for the construction of similar super long and complex tunnel projects in future. © 2020 The Author(s).
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: construction organization; dynamic construction; dynamic control; Yuelongmen Tunnel of Chengdu-Lanzhou Railway
REFERENCES: Modern Tunnelling Technology, (1997); 
Shanxi Youth, (2017); 
Sichuan Architecture, (2017); 
Transport Research, (2014); 
China Railway Science, (2002); 
undefined, (2012); 
Traffic Construction and Management, (2014); 
Proceedings of Technical Seminar on Design and Construction of Long Railway Tunnels, (2004)
PUBLISHER: Editorial Office of Tunnel Construction
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Huang, H., Liu, J., Yang, D.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Huang, Hai (57218266287); Liu, Jiankang (57211424686); Yang, Dongxu (55635875700)
57218266287; 57211424686; 55635875700
A study of the characteristics and influencing factors of spatial-temporal changes in the debris flow density 泥石流容重的时空变化特征及影响因素研究
(2020) Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, 47 (2), pp. 161 - 168, Cited 9 times.
DOI: 10.16030/j.cnki.issn.1000-3665.201907024
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85088628909&doi=10.16030%2Fj.cnki.issn.1000-3665.201907024&partnerID=40&md5=93a516444328e1c623b528adac7eaf92

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Exploration Technology, CAGS, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Technical Center for Geological Hazard Prevention and Control, CGS, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Density is the most fundamental parameters in the calculation of debris flow movement characteristics. In order to explore the dynamic evolution of the debris flow density under different spatial-temporal conditions, based on the observation data of debris flow in the Jiangjia Gully since 1995 and the investigation data of debris flow hazards occurred in the Wenchuan earthquake area since 2008, the interaction of fluid-soil coupling process and density of typical debris flow disasters is studied, and several methods of density calculation are used in the Wenchuan earthquake area and the differences in the calculation formula establishment and the disaster characteristics are analyzed. The results show that the density changes dynamically with the evolution of formation conditions of debris flow. On the temporal scale, the activity of the solid materials in the gully is positively related to the density, and the density will decrease by 10. 0% 〜27. 8% when the solid materials evolve to highly active from extremely active. There is a power function relationship between the density and peak flow of debris flow and it has an obvious limit when the density increases with the increasing flow. On the spatial scale, the change trend of density is consistent with the channel gradient, which increases with erosion and decreases with sedimentation. The deviation of these calculation results in the Longmen mountain area is in the range of 10〜309fc, suggesting that using only one method for density calculation is very much likely imprecise. Empirical formula are established based on the total amount of erosion and deposition , and particle parameters are practically applied to the debris flow at the Yongjia Gully. The research lays a foundation for calculation of the density based on the disaster history and evolution of geological conditions, and are of practical guidance significance in the evaluation and prevention of debris disaster and the calculation of dynamic parameters. © 2020 Editorial Office of Hydrogeology and Engineering.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: calculation method; debris flow; density; dynamic evolution; formation condition
REFERENCES: Advances in Mechanics, (1989); 
Li, P., Specific weight of mud debris flow and its calculation., International Journal of Sediment Research, 3 , 1982, pp. 75-83, (1982); 
Major, Jon J., Depositional processes in large-scale debris-flow experiments, Journal of Geology, 105, 3, pp. 345-366, (1997); 
Coussot, Philippe, Slow, unconfined spreading of a mudflow, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 101, B11, pp. 25217-25229, (1996); 
Scheidl, Christian, Empirical prediction of debris-flow mobility and deposition on fans, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 35, 2, pp. 157-173, (2010); 
Li, Yong, A scaling distribution for grain composition of debris flow, Geomorphology, 192, pp. 30-42, (2013); 
Li, Yong, Variation in grain size distribution in debris flow, Journal of Mountain Science, 12, 3, pp. 682-688, (2015); 
Hydrogeology Engineering Geology, (2012); 
Iverson, Richard M., The physics of debris flows, Reviews of Geophysics, 35, 3, pp. 245-296, (1997); 
Liu, Chuanzheng, Discussion on the standardization of science and technology in geological hazards prevention and control, Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control, 30, 3, pp. 1-5, (2019)
PUBLISHER: Editorial Office of Hydrogeology and Engineering
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Cui, S., Pei, X., Huang, R., Zhu, L.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Cui, Shenghua (56660242900); Pei, Xiangjun (14058672500); Huang, Runqiu (55835407700); Zhu, Ling (57210012612)
56660242900; 14058672500; 55835407700; 57210012612
Excess interstitial water pressure within sliding zone induced by strong seismic shaking: An initiation model of the Daguangbao landslide 强震过程滑带超间隙水压力效应研究: 大光包滑坡启动机制
(2020) Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 39 (3), pp. 522 - 539, Cited 16 times.
DOI: 10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2019.0884
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85087043997&doi=10.13722%2Fj.cnki.jrme.2019.0884&partnerID=40&md5=402f2a3c6adca27bdd4cc01cb7deba3d

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: Daguangbao(DGB) landslide, formed within a saturated bedding fault 400 m in depth, is the largest landslide triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. To study pore and crack water pressures (i. e., interstice water pressure) responses within weak layers, a series of shaking table tests were conducted on a geological model with a saturated weak interlayer. The results show that the excess interstice water pressure within the weak layer is much larger than that in both the upper and lower layers and that the excess water pressure of the weak layer is characterized by transient generation and gradual accumulation. It was proposed that compression-tension and shear behaviors of the model depending on uncoordinated deformation and dynamic damage depending on uncoordinated deformation within the weak layer respectively induce transient excess water pressure and accumulation of the excess water pressure. An effective stress model for earthquake-inducted landslides under both horizontal and vertical shaking conditions, containing the interstice water pressure ration r<inf>w</inf> and the effective area index of interstice water pressure η, was developed. For the DGB landslide, site investigations show that η is in the range of 0.7-0.9 and that the effective stress of the sliding zone decreases to zero while r<inf>w</inf> ranges from 0.73 to 1.04. The shaking table tests also show that the seismic parameters in the landslide area during the Wenchuan earthquake can make r<inf>w</inf> reach the above range. Finally, the failure mechanism of the DGB landslide mechanism from strong seismic action, damage and expansion of dislocation interface resulted from dynamic uncoordinated deformation, excitation of the excess interstitial water pressure to initiation of landslide was concluded. © 2020, Science Press. All right reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Daguangbao(DGB) landslide; Excess pore-water pressure; Initiation mechanism; Slope engineering; Uncoordinated deformation; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Deformation; Dynamics; Failure (mechanical); Landslides; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Compression tensions; Daguangbao landslides; Excess water pressures; Landslide mechanism; Shaking table tests; Uncoordinated deformation; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes
REFERENCES: Journal of Engineering Geology, (2013); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2009); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2010); 
Cui, Shenghua, Discontinuities and Engineering Geological Significances of Strong Earthquake-Induced Daguangbao Landslide, Xinan Jiaotong Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University, 54, 1, pp. 61-72, (2019); 
Huang, Runqiu, Cataclastic characteristics and formation mechanism of rock mass in sliding zone of Daguangbao landslide, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 35, 1, pp. 1-15, (2016); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2008); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2014); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2025); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2011); 
Science Technology and Engineering, (2018)
PUBLISHER: Academia Sinica kjwang@public.wh.hb.cn
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Xu, Y., Du, P., Li, W., Zhang, W., Tian, Q., Xiong, R., Wang, L.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Xu, Yueren (35072242800); Du, Peng (57203623196); Li, Wenqiao Qiaou (52263948300); Zhang, Weiheng (57204648717); Tian, Qianjian (7102891908); Xiong, Renwei (55485092900); Wang, Lin (55196097000)
35072242800; 57203623196; 52263948300; 57204648717; 7102891908; 55485092900; 55196097000
A case study on AD 1718 Tongwei M7.5 earthquake triggered landslides -Application of landslide database triggered by historical strong earthquakes on the Loess Plateau 1718年通渭M7.5地震滑坡特征分析-黄土高原历史强震触发滑坡数据库的应用
(2020) Acta Geophysica Sinica, 63 (3), pp. 1235 - 1248, Cited 22 times.
DOI: 10.6038/cjg2020N0146
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85082628982&doi=10.6038%2Fcjg2020N0146&partnerID=40&md5=1749af013aac51e5662d38dc76539ca2

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Earthquake Prediction, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics, Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: The application of new technologies and methods to study the seismogenic faults and seismic damage of historical strong earthquakes is important for revision of the earthquake source parameters. Under the geological principle of "The present is the key of the past", this paper takes the landslides triggered by the Tongwei M7.5 earthquake in AD 1718 as the research object, using the methods of the historical literature analysis, remote sensing interpretation and fieldwork, obtains the Tongwei Earthquake Landslide Database (TELD). This paper finds that: (1) The total number of the database is 5019, with the whole area of 635 km2, where densely distributed around the Tongwei Fault and coincided with the X-degree isoseismal line, but both extend to westward and to northward about 20 km; (2) compared with the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake Landslide Database (WELD), the TELD lacks a large number of ones with area range of 103~104 m2, even <103 m2, while the ones of >104 m2 range both with a similar distribution; (3) this "incomplete" TELD can reflect the overall characteristics of the large and medium-sized landslides in the epicentral region, and define the exact range of the epicentral region; (4) in the epicentral region, at least 27 of settlements are directly named by "landsliding" etc., these residential settlements affected by landsliding are concentrated on both sides of the Tongwei Fault, which account for 50%. The earthquake triggered landslides is one of the decisive catastrophic factors that caused more than 70000 people death. Our paper shows that only confirming the regional dense landslides triggered by a single historical strong earthquake, and excluding other far-field strong shocking, using the multitemporal high-resolution satellite images interpretation to obtain a "relatively complete" landslide database. It provides basic data for revising source parameters of historical strong earthquakes around Loess Plateau in China. © 2020, Science Press. All right reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: AD 1718 Tongwei earthquake; Earthquake triggered landslides; Google Earth; Loess Plateau; Remote sensing Interpretation
INDEX KEYWORDS: Database systems; Faulting; Landforms; Landslides; Remote sensing; Sediments; AD 1718 tongwei earthquake; Case-studies; Earthquake-triggered landslides; Epicentral region; Google earths; Landsliding; Loess Plateau; Remote sensing interpretation; Seismogenic faults; Strong earthquakes; Earthquakes; fault zone; image resolution; landslide; mortality; remote sensing; residential location; satellite imagery; Sichuan earthquake 2008; source parameters; China; Gansu; Tongwei
REFERENCES: Chinese Journal of Geophys, (2012); 
Journal of Seismological Research, (2006); 
Cheng, Jia, An Mw -based historical earthquake catalog for Mainland China, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 107, 5, pp. 2490-2500, (2017); 
Landslides Types Mechanisms and Modeling, (2012); 
Dadson, Simon J., Earthquake-triggered increase in sediment delivery from an active mountain belt, Geology, 32, 8, pp. 733-736, (2004); 
Catalogue of Chinese Strong Historical Earthquakes, (1995); 
Catalogue of Chinese Earthquakes 1831 BC 1969 AD, (1989); 
Guzzetti, Fausto, Landslide volumes and landslide mobilization rates in Umbria, central Italy, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 279, 3-4, pp. 222-229, (2009); 
Hovius, Niels, Prolonged seismically induced erosion and the mass balance of a large earthquake, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 304, 3-4, pp. 347-355, (2011); 
Huang, Runqiu, Analysis of the geo-hazards triggered by the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake, China, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 68, 3, pp. 363-371, (2009)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Shen, P., Zhang, L., Fan, R., Zhu, H., Zhang, S.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Shen, Ping (57014242700); Zhang, Limin Min (58883008100); Fan, Ruilin (57201337970); Zhu, Hong (57218493509); Zhang, Shuai (55092670700)
57014242700; 58883008100; 57201337970; 57218493509; 55092670700
Declining geohazard activity with vegetation recovery during first ten years after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake
(2020) Geomorphology, 352, art. no. 106989, Cited 66 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2019.106989
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85076240540&doi=10.1016%2Fj.geomorph.2019.106989&partnerID=40&md5=3a2b7b7d8d1f121c1f546344074ca59a

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
ABSTRACT: Understanding the evolution of post-seismic geohazards with vegetation recovery is of great significance for long-term geohazard risk assessment. The Wenchuan earthquake in 2008 triggered numerous landslides and severely damaged the vegetation in the earthquake-stricken region. Between 2008 and 2017, we evaluated the vegetation recovery process, the evolution of rain-induced landslides and debris flows, and the relationship between them by analyzing satellite images and conducting detailed field investigations. Shortly after the earthquake, numerous landslides and debris flows were triggered by rainstorms and the vegetation was severely damaged near the epicenter. In the first 5 years (2008–2013) the vegetation recovered quickly but was not well rehabilitated. Rain-induced landslides and debris flows occurred actively but exhibited a clear declining trend in both frequency and magnitude. After 2013, the vegetation gradually recovered to the pre-seismic normal level in terms of quantity, but with higher variability and isolated spots to be further rehabilitated. Over this period, rain-induced geohazards mainly occurred in the catchments where the level of vegetation recovery was uneven, with occasional bare deposits. Therefore, a close relation is observed between declining rain-induced geohazards and the recovery of vegetation, in both time and space. The findings provide important information for post-seismic infrastructure re-construction and disaster risk reduction in future mountain earthquake events. © 2019 Elsevier B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flows; Earthquake; Landslides; Vegetation
INDEX KEYWORDS: debris flow; disaster management; earthquake damage; earthquake magnitude; landslide; Sichuan earthquake 2008; vegetation dynamics
REFERENCES: Cai, Yaping, A high-performance and in-season classification system of field-level crop types using time-series Landsat data and a machine learning approach, Remote Sensing of Environment, 210, pp. 35-47, (2018); 
Cao, Chunxiang, Evaluation and analysis of post-seismic restoration of ecological security in Wenchuan using remote sensing and GIS, Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk, 7, 6, pp. 1919-1936, (2016); 
Chang, Dongsheng, Field testing of erodibility of two landslide dams triggered by the 12 May Wenchuan earthquake, Landslides, 8, 3, pp. 321-332, (2011); 
Chen, Hongxin, Mechanisms and runout characteristics of the rainfall-triggered debris flow in Xiaojiagou in Sichuan Province, China, Natural Hazards, 62, 3, pp. 1037-1057, (2012); 
Chen, Hongxin, Evolution of debris flow properties and physical interactions in debris-flow mixtures in the Wenchuan earthquake zone, Engineering Geology, 182, PB, pp. 136-147, (2014); 
Cui, Peng, Destruction of vegetation due to geo-hazards and its environmental impacts in the Wenchuan earthquake areas, Ecological Engineering, 44, pp. 61-69, (2012); 
De Baets, Sarah, Root characteristics of representative Mediterranean plant species and their erosion-reducing potential during concentrated runoff, Plant and Soil, 294, 1-2, pp. 169-183, (2007); 
Domènech, Guillem, Modelling the role of material depletion, grain coarsening and revegetation in debris flow occurrences after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Engineering Geology, 250, pp. 34-44, (2019); 
Fan, Xuanmei, Characteristics and classification of landslide dams associated with the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Geoenvironmental Disasters, 4, 1, (2017); 
Fan, Ruilin, Evolution of debris flow activities in Gaojiagou Ravine during 2008–2016 after the Wenchuan earthquake, Engineering Geology, 235, pp. 1-10, (2018)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Li, N., Tang, C., Gong, L., Yang, C., Chen, M., Gan, W.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Li, Ning (57211181445); Tang, Chuan (35932953300); Gong, Lingfeng (57215612725); Yang, Chengzhang (57216781383); Chen, Ming (57199453005); Gan, Wei (58711884500)
57211181445; 35932953300; 57215612725; 57216781383; 57199453005; 58711884500
An experimental study of starting characteristics of steep-channel debris flow: a case study of the Futang gully in the Wenchuan County 急陡沟道泥石流起动特征模型试验研究-以汶川县福堂沟为例
(2020) Dizhi Xuebao/Acta Geologica Sinica, 94 (2), pp. 634 - 647, Cited 6 times.
DOI: 10.19762/j.cnki.dizhixuebao.2019146
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85101625905&doi=10.19762%2Fj.cnki.dizhixuebao.2019146&partnerID=40&md5=1431c3710918f5fd29ef61d6ef2fe98e

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Nanjiang Hydrogeological & Engineering Geology Brigade, Chongqing, China
ABSTRACT: The steep-channel debris flow is special type of debris flow in the Wenchuan earthquake zone characterized by a large quantity of source material, intense and large scale erosion thereby increasing the difficulty of geological disaster management in the earthquake area. This study analyzes the development conditions and characteristics of the steep-channel debris flow in the Futang gully and experimentally reproduces them to analyze the starting characteristics of steep-channel debris flow. The results show that under the test conditions of the slope of 20°, 25°, 30° and the runoff of 480mL/s, 410mL/s and 360mL/s, the debris flow begins in different ways (trench bed erosion type, landslide fluidization starting type, fire pipe starting type). Simultaneously, by combining the study of the variation characteristics of pore water pressure and volume moisture content in the soil during the experiment, the whole process of debris flow onset was reviewed in detail. The analysis of the test data show that the soil properties vary under different starting modes: ①the starting pore water pressure of debris flow under different test conditions shows a systematic difference, i.e. the larger the slope and runoff from the source, smaller the driving force required by the debris flow; ②larger the slope, longer the water saturation time required by the soil. At the same slope, greater the flow rate, shorter is the pre-water saturation time; ③the outbreak time of debris flow is inversely proportional to the slope of gully bed, and larger the runoff, longer the duration of debris flow. Based on the experimental results, the starting velocity of debris flow calculated by the similarity theory is consistent with the field situation demonstrating that the conclusions of this study can provide a framework for the study of the rapid and steep channel debris flow in the Wenchuan earthquake area. © 2020, Science Press. All right reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Physical simulation experiments; Starting characteristics; Starting mode; Steep-channel debris flows; Wenchuan County
INDEX KEYWORDS: Debris; Disaster prevention; Disasters; Earthquakes; Fluidization; Landforms; Pore pressure; Pressure distribution; Runoff; Soil testing; Soils; Debris flows; Physical simulation experiment; Pore-water pressures; Starting characteristic; Starting mode; Steep-channel debris flow; Test condition; Water saturations; Wenchuan county; Wenchuan Earthquake; Erosion
REFERENCES: Journal of Yunnan University, (2018); 
Experimental Study on the Starting Mechanism of Landslide Transforming Debris Flow, (2006); 
Cui, Peng, Characteristics and countermeasures of debris flow in Wenchuan area after the earthquake, Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 42, 5, pp. 10-19, (2010); 
Feng, Zili, Mechanism of conversion of landslides to debris flows, Journal of Natural Disasters, 14, 3, pp. 8-14, (2005); 
Gabet, Emmanuel J., The mobilization of debris flows from shallow landslides, Geomorphology, 74, 1-4, pp. 207-218, (2006); 
Advances in Earth Science, (2018); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2016); 
Hu, Wei, Experimental study on the initiation of debris flow, 2, pp. 1295-1298, (2014); 
Iverson, Richard M., The physics of debris flows, Reviews of Geophysics, 35, 3, pp. 245-296, (1997); 
Journal of Sediment Research, (2011)
PUBLISHER: Geological Society of China
DOCUMENT TYPE: Review
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Lan, J., Chen, X.-L.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Lan, Jian (57208618720); Chen, Xiaoli (8346444100)
57208618720; 8346444100
Evolution characteristics of landslides triggered by 2008 MS8.0 Wenchuan earthquake in Yingxiu area 2008年MS8.0汶川地震诱发滑坡灾害在映秀地区的演化特征
(2020) Dizhen Dizhi, 42 (1), pp. 125 - 146, Cited 7 times.
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2020.01.009
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85084955716&doi=10.3969%2Fj.issn.0253-4967.2020.01.009&partnerID=40&md5=3533f9938c58426fa79487589393f04a

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Strong earthquakes can not only trigger a large number of co-seismic landslides in mountainous areas, but also have an important impact on the development level of geological hazards in the disaster area. Usually, geological hazards caused by strong earthquakes will significantly increase and continue for a considerable period of time before they recover to the pre-earthquake level. Therefore, studying the evolution characteristics of landslides triggered by earthquake is particularly important for the prevention of geological disaster. In this paper, a 66km2 region in Yingxiu near the epicenter of the 2008 M<inf>S</inf>8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, which was strongly disturbed by the earthquake, was investigated. Firstly, one high-resolution satellite image before the earthquake(April, 2005)and five high-resolution satellite images after the earthquake(June, 2008; April, 2011; April, 2013; May, 2015; May, 2017)were used to interpret and catalog multi-temporal landslide inventories. Secondly, seven primary factors were analyzed in the GIS platform, including elevation, slope, aspect, curvature, stratum, lithology, and the distance from the nearest water system and the distance from seismogenic faults. Finally, the evolution of the landslide triggered by earthquake in this region was analyzed by comparing the landslide activity intensity in different periods, using the methods of correlation analysis, regression analysis, and single-factor statistical analysis. It was found that the total area of landslides in the study region decreased sharply from 2008 to 2017, with the area of the co-seismic landslide reducing from 21.41km2 to 1.33km2. This indicates that the magnitude of the landslides has recovered or is close to the pre-earthquake level. Moreover, correlation analysis shows that the elevation has a strong positive correlation with the distance from the nearest water system, and a weak positive correlation with the area. Meanwhile, there is a weak negative correlation between the distance from the nearest water system and the distance from seismogenic faults. Overall, the degree of landslide activity in the study region decreased over time, as well as the number of reactivated landslides and new landslides. The region where the area of earthquake triggered landslides decreased mainly concentrated at an elevation of 1000m to 2100m, a slope of 30° to 55°, an aspect of 40° to 180°, and a curvature of -2 to 2. In addition, the lithology of the Pengguan complex in the Yingxiu study region is more conducive to the occurrence of landslides, while the sedimentary rock is more conducive to the landslide recovery. When the distance from the nearest water system is more than 1600m, the effect of the water system on the landslides gradually decreases. Also, the landslides triggered by Wenchuan earthquake in this area have the characteristics of the hanging wall effect, which means, the number of landslides in the northwestern region is much higher than that in the southeast side. © 2020, Editorial Office of Seismology and Geology. All right reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Correlation analysis; Earthquake-triggered landslides; Evolution pattern; Geohazard in strong earthquake area; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Correlation methods; Disaster prevention; Disasters; Faulting; Hazards; Landslides; Lithology; Recovery; Regression analysis; Sedimentary rocks; Waterworks; Correlation analysis; Earthquake-triggered landslides; Evolution characteristics; High resolution satellite images; Landslide inventories; Negative correlation; Positive correlations; Pre-earthquake levels; Earthquakes; coseismic process; development level; earthquake epicenter; earthquake magnitude; earthquake trigger; geological hazard; hanging wall; landslide; mountain region; satellite imagery; seismic hazard; tectonic evolution; China; Sichuan; Yingxiu
REFERENCES: Chen, Guihua, Quantitative analysis of the co-seismic surface rupture of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China along the Beichuan-Yingxiu fault, Dizhen Dizhi, 30, 3, pp. 723-738, (2008); 
Chen, Xiaoli, Analysis of landslides triggered by Wenchuan earthquake, Dizhen Dizhi, 33, 1, pp. 191-202, (2011); 
Chen, Xiaoli, Study on the fault mechanics influences on the landslides distribution: a case study from the Wenchuan earthquake, Dizhen Dizhi, 36, 2, pp. 358-367, (2014); 
Chen, Xiaoli, Applying the Newmark's model to the assessment of earthquake-triggered landslides during the Lushan earthquake, Dizhen Dizhi, 35, 3, pp. 661-670, (2013); 
Ge, Hua, The assessment and mapping of seismic landslide hazards: A case study of Yingxiu area, Sichuan Province, Geology in China, 40, 2, pp. 644-652, (2013); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2011); 
Li, Xiuzhen, Analysis on characteristics and deformation failure mode of large-scale landslides induced by '5·12' Wenchuan Earthquake, Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 41, 3, pp. 72-77, (2009); 
World Information on Earthquake Engineering, (1999); 
Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, (2004); 
Spatial Distribution and Geometrical Characteristic of Landslides Related to the 2013 Minxian Earthquake of Gansu Province, (2016)
PUBLISHER: State Seismology Administration
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Lu, L.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Lu, Huang (56652807900)
56652807900
Research on meteorological early-warning model of landslides in Wenchuan earthquake area based on machine learning 基于机器学习的汶川震区滑坡灾害气象预警模型研究
(2020) Cehui Xuebao/Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 49 (2), pp. 267, Cited 7 times.
DOI: 10.11947/j.AGCS.2020.20190061
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85082017630&doi=10.11947%2Fj.AGCS.2020.20190061&partnerID=40&md5=9e72f7d7edf5ae277355bf2cac731537

AFFILIATIONS: Hubei Institute of Surveying and Mapping, Wuhan, Hubei, China
INDEX KEYWORDS: early warning system; landslide; machine learning; research work; Sichuan earthquake 2008
PUBLISHER: SinoMaps Press
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Chen, N., Zhang, Y., Tian, S.-F., Deng, M.-F., Wang, T., Liu, L.-H., Liu, M., Hu, G.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Chen, Ningsheng (8726157200); Zhang, Yong (58409045300); Tian, Shufeng (57214076576); Deng, Mingfeng (36668370200); Wang, Tao (56047984500); Liu, Lihong (55885301200); Liu, Mei (57193571270); Hu, Guisheng (35113314000)
8726157200; 58409045300; 57214076576; 36668370200; 56047984500; 55885301200; 57193571270; 35113314000
Effectiveness analysis of the prediction of regional debris flow susceptibility in post-earthquake and drought site
(2020) Journal of Mountain Science, 17 (2), pp. 329 - 339, Cited 14 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11629-019-5684-4
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85078481676&doi=10.1007%2Fs11629-019-5684-4&partnerID=40&md5=5c53117ac7cf03b7c5cab1e0e6e25337

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Debris-flow disasters occurred frequently after the M<inf>w</inf> 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake on 12 May 2008 in Sichuan Province, China. Based on historical accounts of debris-flow disaster events, it found that debris flow occurrence is closely related to the impact of earthquakes and droughts, because earthquake-drought activities can increase the loose solid materials, which can transform into debris flows under the effect of rainstorms. Based on the analysis of historical earthquake activity (frequency, magnitude and location), drought indexes and the trend of climate change (amount of rainfall), a prediction method was established, and the regional debris flow susceptibility was predicted. Furthermore, in a debris flow-susceptible site, effective warning and monitoring are essential not only from an economic point of view but are also considered as a frontline approach to alleviate hazards. The advantages of the prediction and early monitoring include (1) the acquired results being sent to the central government for policy making; (2) lives and property in mountainous areas can be protected, such as the 570 residents in the Aizi valley, who evacuated successfully before debris flows in 2012; (3) guiding the government to identify the areas of disasters and the preparation for disaster prevention and mitigation, such as predicting disasters in high-risk areas in the period 2012–2017, helping the government to recognize the development trend of disasters; (4) the quantitative prediction of regional debris-flow susceptibility, such as after the Wenchuan earthquake, can promote scientific and sustainable development and socioeconomic planning in earthquake-struck areas. © 2020, Science Press, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, CAS and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Drought; Prediction model; Regional debris flow; Southwest China; Susceptibility; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: debris flow; drought; modeling; prediction; Sichuan earthquake 2008; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Cama, M., Improving transferability strategies for debris flow susceptibility assessmentApplication to the Saponara and Itala catchments (Messina, Italy), Geomorphology, 288, pp. 52-65, (2017); 
Chang, Tungchiung, Hazard assessment model for debris flow prediction, Environmental Earth Sciences, 60, 8, pp. 1619-1630, (2010); 
Chen, Ningsheng, Post-earthquake denudation and its impacts on ancient civilizations in the Chengdu Longmenshan region, China, Geomorphology, 309, pp. 51-59, (2018); 
Chen, Ningsheng, Risk characteristics and prevention strategy of debris flow under the seismic influence in mountainous arid area, Southwest China, Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 42, SUPPL. 1, pp. 1-6, (2010); 
Chen, Ningsheng, Combined impacts of antecedent earthquakes and droughts on disastrous debris flows, Journal of Mountain Science, 11, 6, pp. 1507-1520, (2014); 
Chen, N. Sh, The processes and mechanism of failure and debris flow initiation for gravel soil with different clay content, Geomorphology, 121, 3-4, pp. 222-230, (2010); 
Cheng, Deqiang, The characteristics of the Mocoa compound disaster event, Colombia, Landslides, 15, 6, pp. 1223-1232, (2018); 
J Soil Water Conserv, (2004); 
Ellen, Stephen D., Description and mechanics of soil slip/debris flows in the storm, pp. 63-112, (1988); 
Elmore, Andrew James, Decline in alkali meadow vegetation cover in California: The effects of groundwater extraction and drought, Journal of Applied Ecology, 43, 4, pp. 770-779, (2006)
PUBLISHER: Science Press xuebao@psych.ac.cn
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Li, N., Tang, C., Yang, T., Chen, M.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Li, Ning (57211181445); Tang, Chuan (35932953300); Yang, Tao (58761034900); Chen, Ming (57199453005)
57211181445; 35932953300; 58761034900; 57199453005
Analysing post-earthquake landslide susceptibility using multi-temporal landslide inventories — a case study in Miansi Town of China
(2020) Journal of Mountain Science, 17 (2), pp. 358 - 372, Cited 8 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11629-019-5681-7
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85078433924&doi=10.1007%2Fs11629-019-5681-7&partnerID=40&md5=5485f50341336373a6279b34e55d71bb

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Sichuan Provincial Chuanjian Investigation and Design Institute, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: The earthquake that occurred on May 12, 2008, in Wenchuan County aroused a great deal of research on co-seismic landslide susceptibility assessment, but there is still a lack of an evaluation method that considers the activity state of the landslide itself. Therefore, this paper establishes a new susceptibility evaluation model that superimposes the active landslide state based on previous susceptibility evaluation models. Based on a multi-phase landslide database, the probabilistic approach was used to evaluate landslide susceptibility in the Miansi town over many years. We chose the elevation, slope, aspect, and distance from the channel as trigger factors and then used the probability comprehensive discrimination method to calculate the probability of landslide occurrence. Then, the susceptibility results of each period were calculated by superposition with the activity rate. The results show that between 2008 and 2014, the proportion of areas with low landslide susceptibility in the study area was the largest, and the proportion of areas with the highest susceptibility was minimal. The landslide area with highest susceptibility gradually decreased from 2014 to 2017. However, in 2017, 15.06% of the area was still with high susceptibility, and relevant disaster prevention and reduction measures should be taken in these areas. The larger area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) indicates that the results of the landslide susceptibility assessment in this study are more objective and reliable than those of previous models. The difference in the AUC values over many years shows that the accuracy of the evaluation results of this model is not constant, and a greater number of landslides or higher landslide activity corresponds to a higher accuracy of the evaluation results. © 2020, Science Press, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, CAS and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Activity rate of landslide; Probabilistic approach; Susceptibility assessment; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: coseismic process; disaster management; inventory; landslide; probability; Sichuan earthquake 2008; trigger mechanism; China
REFERENCES: Ameri, Alireza Arab, GIS-based landslide susceptibility mapping using numerical risk factor bivariate model and its ensemble with linear multivariate regression and boosted regression tree algorithms, Journal of Mountain Science, 16, 3, pp. 595-618, (2019); 
Bai, Shibiao, Susceptibility assessments of the Wenchuan earthquake-triggered landslides in Longnan using logistic regression, Environmental Earth Sciences, 71, 2, pp. 731-743, (2014); 
Bogaard, T. A., Invited perspectives: Hydrological perspectives on precipitation intensity-duration thresholds for landslide initiation: Proposing hydro-meteorological thresholds, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 18, 1, pp. 31-39, (2018); 
Cantarino, Isidro, A ROC analysis-based classification method for landslide susceptibility maps, Landslides, 16, 2, pp. 265-282, (2019); 
Chang, Ming, Debris flow susceptibility assessment using a probabilistic approach: A case study in the Longchi area, Sichuan province, China, Journal of Mountain Science, 11, 4, pp. 1001-1014, (2014); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2008); 
Cui, Peng, The 12 May Wenchuan earthquake-induced landslide lakes: Distribution and preliminary risk evaluation, Landslides, 6, 3, pp. 209-223, (2009); 
Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011); 
Das, Iswar Chandra, Landslide susceptibility mapping along road corridors in the Indian Himalayas using Bayesian logistic regression models, Geomorphology, 179, pp. 116-125, (2012); 
Fan, Xuanmei, What we have learned from the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake and its aftermath: A decade of research and challenges, Engineering Geology, 241, pp. 25-32, (2018)
PUBLISHER: Science Press xuebao@psych.ac.cn
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wu, S., Chen, J., Xu, C., Zhou, W., Yao, L., Yue, W., Cui, Z.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wu, Saier (56491673800); Chen, Jian (55717623400); Xu, Chong (35184309900); Zhou, Wendy (57218989460); Yao, Leihua (57218962608); Yue, Wen (57201302772); Cui, Zhijiu (7202504455)
56491673800; 55717623400; 35184309900; 57218989460; 57218962608; 57201302772; 7202504455
Susceptibility Assessments and Validations of Debris-Flow Events in Meizoseismal Areas: Case Study in China's Longxi River Watershed
(2020) Natural Hazards Review, 21 (1), art. no. 05019005, Cited 25 times.
DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)NH.1527-6996.0000347
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85076642284&doi=10.1061%2F%28ASCE%29NH.1527-6996.0000347&partnerID=40&md5=3cf888d83a60cb4098e797ad9b05ecb2

AFFILIATIONS: School of Engineering and Technology, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Active Tectonics and Volcano, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Geology and Geological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, United States; College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake triggered tens of thousands of landslides, resulting in rich loose materials for the 8.13 debris flows. Longchi Town in southwest China's Sichuan Province was one of the worst hit areas both by the Wenchuan earthquake and 8.13 debris flows. The loose source materials generated by coseismic landslides in the Longxi River watershed of the upper Min River are widely distributed and cover an area of 7.97 km2. The volume has reached as high as 13,364.99×104 m3. After catastrophic debris flows occurred in Longchi Town on August 13, 2010, there were still large amounts of loose debris remaining. This presented major potential risks for additional debris-flow formations in the meizoseismal region. In this paper, an index of entropy models and logistical regression models was implemented for the purpose of identifying the areas that were potentially susceptible to debris-flow formations based on the same catchment units. In order to reflect the impacts of the Wenchuan earthquake on the subsequent debris-flow events, the volumes of the source debris accumulations were calculated in each catchment unit. These were then incorporated into the models as controlling factors. The performances of the models were evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) technique. Then, the quality ratings of the susceptibility maps were compared and verified using the results of the field investigations. The spatial mismatches of the index of entropy (IE) and logistic regression (LR) models with the observed best predictive abilities were 16.7% and 8.3%, respectively, were revealed in the susceptibility maps. The LR model showed better performance results in the division of the susceptibility zones, and also in the reliability and robustness of the assessment results. The two models had both incorporated a spectrum of the leading factors for the debris-flow occurrences, including the lithology; distances from the coseismic surface fault-ruptures; densities of the loose source material; monthly average precipitation rates; and slope gradient rates, which are necessary for debris-flow formations in strong seismic zones. The debris-flow prone areas were found to be mainly distributed within 4 km of the Beichuan-Yingxiu fault. Furthermore, the verification results showed that more than 90% of the actual debris flows were distributed in the very high and high susceptibility zones. Sufficient attention should be paid to debris-flow prevention and early warning procedures in very high and high susceptibility zones. The results of this study provided practical implications for developing debris-flow disaster management and hazard mitigation strategies in similar earthquake-prone environments. © 2019 American Society of Civil Engineers.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flow; Index of entropy models; Logistical regression models; Loose source material; Meizoseismal areas; Susceptibility assessments
INDEX KEYWORDS: Catchments; Disaster prevention; Disasters; Earthquakes; Entropy; Faulting; Landslides; Lithology; Regression analysis; Rivers; Runoff; Watersheds; Debris flows; Entropy model; Meizoseismal areas; Regression model; Source material; Debris; assessment method; catchment; debris flow; disaster management; earthquake; entropy; index method; model validation; numerical model; regression analysis; seismic method; watershed; Beichuan; China; Gansu; Longxi; Min River [Sichuan]; Sichuan; Yingxiu
REFERENCES: Carrara, Alberto, Comparing models of debris-flow susceptibility in the alpine environment, Geomorphology, 94, 3-4, pp. 353-378, (2008); 
Chang, Ming, Evolution process of sediment supply for debris flow occurrence in the Longchi area of Dujiangyan City after the Wenchuan earthquake, Landslides, 12, 3, pp. 611-623, (2015); 
Chang, Ming, Debris flow susceptibility assessment using a probabilistic approach: A case study in the Longchi area, Sichuan province, China, Journal of Mountain Science, 11, 4, pp. 1001-1014, (2014); 
Chen, Ningsheng, The critical rainfall characteristics for torrents and debris flows in the Wenchuan earthquake stricken area, Journal of Mountain Science, 6, 4, pp. 362-372, (2009); 
Cui, Peng, The Wenchuan Earthquake (May 12, 2008), Sichuan Province, China, and resulting geohazards, Natural Hazards, 56, 1, pp. 19-36, (2011); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2008); 
Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011); 
Devkota, Krishna Chandra, Landslide susceptibility mapping using certainty factor, index of entropy and logistic regression models in GIS and their comparison at Mugling-Narayanghat road section in Nepal Himalaya, Natural Hazards, 65, 1, pp. 135-165, (2013); 
Ding, Hairong, Increased sediment discharge driven by heavy rainfall after Wenchuan earthquake: A case study in the upper reaches of the Min River, Sichuan, China, Quaternary International, 333, pp. 122-129, (2014); 
Hairong, Ding, Mechanism of post-seismic floods after the Wenchuan earthquake in the upper Minjiang river, China, Journal of Earth System Science, 126, 7, (2017)
PUBLISHER: American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) onlinejls@asce.org 1801 Alexander Bell DriveGEO Reston VA 20191 Alabama
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wu, H., Nian, T.-K., Chen, G.-Q., Zhao, W., Li, D.-Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wu, Hao (57216600139); Nian, Tingkai (6506203069); Chen, Guangqi (55577206900); Zhao, Wei (55574200048); Li, Dongyang (57204285987)
57216600139; 6506203069; 55577206900; 55574200048; 57204285987
Laboratory-scale investigation of the 3-D geometry of landslide dams in a U-shaped valley
(2020) Engineering Geology, 265, art. no. 105428, Cited 46 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2019.105428
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85076095792&doi=10.1016%2Fj.enggeo.2019.105428&partnerID=40&md5=028286af8ab4831a410d5d11403a4c74

AFFILIATIONS: Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China; Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Japan
ABSTRACT: Landslide dams form when a landslide obstructs narrow and steep valleys in mountainous areas. Since these dams may fail over a short time and cause secondary geological disasters in the downstream area, the stability of such dams must be assessed in an accurate and timely manner. The three-dimensional (3-D) geometry of a landslide dam, which is one of the essential indices for stability analyses, is highly influenced by the landslide dam formation conditions, including the sliding surface dip-angle and the valley topography. However, few studies have focused on the correlation between the 3-D geometry and formation conditions of a landslide dam. A photogrammetric system was used to develop a laboratory apparatus to simulate the formation process of a landslide dam and construct a digital model for the 3-D geometry of a landslide dam in a U-shaped valley. Then, a series of experiments were designed to systematically investigate the formation process and the 3-D geometry of landslide dams under different combinations of valley bed inclinations (0, 4°, 8°, and 12°) and sliding surface dip-angles (30°, 45°, 60°, and 75°). The results indicate that the sliding surface dip-angle has a significant effect on the length and height of a landslide dam, whereas the valley bed inclination has a limited effect on the length and height compared with its effect on the relative angles of a landslide dam. In addition, the cross-sectional profiles of landslide dams can be classified into three categories, namely, symmetric, asymmetric and flat shapes, and these profiles are predominantly affected by the sliding surface dip-angle instead of the valley bed inclination. Subsequently, a mathematical model for predicting the 3-D geometry of a landslide dam was presented according to the experimental results, and it was verified by the experimental data and 42 historical cases of landslide dams. Based on the proposed model, the predicted 3-D geometry of the Tangjiashan landslide dam triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake of 2008 was consistent with its actual geometry, which confirmed the reliability of the prediction model in practical applications. The findings of our study contribute to the establishment of evidence-based disaster prevention and mitigation measures for landslide dams. © 2019 Elsevier B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Laboratory-scale experiment; Landslide dam geometry; Photogrammetric method; Prediction model
INDEX KEYWORDS: Dams; Disaster prevention; Disasters; Earthquakes; Forecasting; Landforms; Landslides; Photogrammetry; Three dimensional computer graphics; Topography; Cross sectional profiles; Disaster prevention and mitigations; Laboratory apparatus; Landslide dam; Photogrammetric method; Prediction model; Tangjiashan landslides; Threedimensional (3-d); Geometry; dam; experimental apparatus; formation mechanism; geometry; landslide; photogrammetry; prediction; three-dimensional modeling; topography; China; Sichuan; Tangjiashan Lake
REFERENCES: Butt, Mohsin Jamil, Landslide dam and subsequent dam-break flood estimation using HEC-RAS model in Northern Pakistan, Natural Hazards, 65, 1, pp. 241-254, (2013); 
Cao, Zhixian, Landslide dam failure and flood hydraulics. Part II: Coupled mathematical modelling, Natural Hazards, 59, 2, pp. 1021-1045, (2011); 
Casagli, Nicola, Determining grain size distribution of the material composing landslide dams in the Northern Apennines: Sampling and processing methods, Engineering Geology, 69, 1-2, pp. 83-97, (2003); 
Chen, Roufei, Topographical changes revealed by high-resolution airborne LiDAR data: The 1999 Tsaoling landslide induced by the Chi-Chi earthquake, Engineering Geology, 88, 3-4, pp. 160-172, (2006); 
Chen, Suchin Chien, Exploring landslide erosion volume–area scaling relationships by slip depth using changes in DTMs for basin sediment volume estimation, Journal of Mountain Science, 16, 3, pp. 581-594, (2019); 
Clague, John Joseph, A review of catastrophic drainage of moraine-dammed lakes in British Columbia, Quaternary Science Reviews, 19, 17-18, pp. 1763-1783, (2000); 
Costa, John E., FORMATION AND FAILURE OF NATURAL DAMS., Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 100, 7, pp. 1054-1068, (1988); 
Cui, Peng, The 12 May Wenchuan earthquake-induced landslide lakes: Distribution and preliminary risk evaluation, Landslides, 6, 3, pp. 209-223, (2009); 
Dai, Fuchu, The 1786 earthquake-triggered landslide dam and subsequent dam-break flood on the Dadu River, southwestern China, Geomorphology, 65, 3-4, pp. 205-221, (2005); 
Do, Xuankhanh, Study on the formation and geometries of rainfall-induced landslide dams, KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, 21, 5, pp. 1657-1667, (2017)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zhang, S., Li, C., Zhang, L., Peng, M., Zhan, L., Xu, Q.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhang, Shuai (55092670700); Li, Can (57212831600); Zhang, Limin Min (58883008100); Peng, Ming (37108434300); Zhan, Liangtong (8668011400); Xu, Qiang (56506033600)
55092670700; 57212831600; 58883008100; 37108434300; 8668011400; 56506033600
Quantification of human vulnerability to earthquake-induced landslides using Bayesian network
(2020) Engineering Geology, 265, art. no. 105436, Cited 38 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2019.105436
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85075991414&doi=10.1016%2Fj.enggeo.2019.105436&partnerID=40&md5=ec6ea21d750111256ee12125bba5c17f

AFFILIATIONS: Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Geotechnical Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; Chengdu, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: Devastating landslides were frequently triggered by earthquakes and caused severe damage and human losses. More than 25,000 people were killed by the Wenchuan earthquake-induced landslides. A proper model for estimating loss of lives is important in quantifying the human risks posed by earthquake-induced landslides. This paper presents a new model for quantitatively estimating the human vulnerability to earthquake-induced landslides using Bayesian networks. A database incorporating information of fatal landslides induced by the Wenchuan earthquake is established. A Bayesian network is constructed according to a logic structure of loss-of-life mechanisms by considering four types of key factors, i.e., deposit thickness, building damage, evacuation, and resistance capacity. The probabilities of the nodes (factors) and the arcs (inter-relationships) of the network are quantified according to statistical data, judgment based on experiences, and existing physical or empirical models. The human vulnerability to earthquake-induced landslides is quantitatively estimated through constructing a systematic structure considering the uncertainties of the control factors and their inter-relationships. Comparison between the recorded fatality rate and predicted fatality is conducted to verify the proposed model. Finally, sensitivity analysis is conducted to identify the most important parameters that lead to loss of lives. © 2019 Elsevier B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Human vulnerability; Landslides; Risk assessment; Slope; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Earthquakes; Landslides; Network security; Risk assessment; Risk perception; Sensitivity analysis; Uncertainty analysis; Deposit thickness; Earthquake-induced landslides; Human vulnerability; Inter-relationships; Resistance capacity; Slope; Statistical datas; Wenchuan Earthquake; Bayesian networks; Bayesian analysis; earthquake damage; earthquake magnitude; earthquake trigger; induced seismicity; landslide; numerical model; probability; risk assessment; Sichuan earthquake 2008; slope failure; vulnerability
REFERENCES: Lifesim A Model for Estimating Dam Failure Life Loss, (2005); 
Bell, Rainer, Quantitative risk analysis for landslides - Examples from Bíldudalur, NW-Iceland, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 4, 1, pp. 117-131, (2004); 
Corominas, Jordi, The angle of reach as a mobility index for small and large landslides, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 33, 2, pp. 260-271, (1996); 
J Math Sociol, (1997); 
Landslide Risk Assessment, (1997); 
Risk Assessment of Slopes, (1996); 
A Procedure for Estimating Loss of Life Caused by Dam Failure, (1999); 
Umwelt Materialien, (1999); 
Helbing, Dirk, Traffic and related self-driven many-particle systems, Reviews of Modern Physics, 73, 4, pp. 1067-1141, (2001); 
Hugin Lite, (2004)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

He, J., Qi, S., Wang, Y., Saroglou, C.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: He, Jianxian (56942646200); Qi, Shengwen (55411952900); Wang, Yunsheng (7601489707); Saroglou, Charalampos (6506606608)
56942646200; 55411952900; 7601489707; 6506606608
Seismic response of the Lengzhuguan slope caused by topographic and geological effects
(2020) Engineering Geology, 265, art. no. 105431, Cited 74 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2019.105431
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85075628144&doi=10.1016%2Fj.enggeo.2019.105431&partnerID=40&md5=4c801408eb08a068660f5b40583f4f5b

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Shale Gas and Geoengineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; Innovation Academy for Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection (SKLGP), Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Department of Geotechnical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), Athens, Attica, Greece
ABSTRACT: Earthquake-induced slope failure often results in a large loss of life and property, and thus, understanding how a slope responds to seismic shaking can reveal the mechanism and movement of this kind of phenomenon. After the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, a dense array of strong earthquake seismographs were deployed along the Lengzhuguan slope, Luding County, Sichuan Province, Southwest China, to study the seismic response of the slope. Three main shocks were recorded in 2014 and 2015, with epicenter distances between 34 km and 70 km. Observation data show that the ground motion was polarized in the direction perpendicular to the elongation direction of the ridge (near 50° azimuth from North), with an amplification coefficient >10 and a ground motion amplification frequency band between 1.5 and 2.5 Hz. The results of a series of numerical simulation experiments conducted using the finite difference method indicate that the observed seismic response characteristics of the Lengzhuguan slope can be reproduced only by a heterogeneous model containing a loose deposit layer with a thickness of 30 m. It was found that geological and topographic conditions resulted in complex slope seismic response characteristics that were coupled in both time and frequency, and the geological conditions dominated the seismic response of the slope. In terms of co-seismic landslide hazard, more attention should be given to subsurface lithology and rock mass structure. © 2019 Elsevier B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Field observation; Geology effects; Numerical simulation; Seismic response amplification; Topography effects
INDEX KEYWORDS: Computer simulation; Earthquake effects; Finite difference method; Lithology; Numerical methods; Numerical models; Topography; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Amplification coefficient; Field observations; Ground-motion amplification; Numerical simulation experiment; Seismic response characteristics; Topographic conditions; Topography effects; Seismic response; amplification; numerical model; rock mass response; seismic data; seismic response; seismograph; site investigation; strong motion; topography
REFERENCES: Allen, Clarence R., Field study of a highly active fault zone: the Xianshuihe Fault of southwestern China, Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 103, 9, pp. 1178-1199, (1991); 
Apostolidis, Paschalis I., Definition of subsoil structure and preliminary ground response in Aigion city (Greece) using microtremor and earthquakes, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 26, 10, pp. 922-940, (2006); 
Ashford, Scott A., Analysis of topographic amplification of inclined shear waves in a steep coastal bluff, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 87, 3, pp. 692-700, (1997); 
Ashford, Scott A., Topographic effects on the seismic response of steep slopes, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 87, 3, pp. 701-709, (1997); 
Asimaki, Domniki, Ground-motion observations at hotel Montana during the M 7.0 2010 Haiti earthquake: Topography or soil amplification?, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 103, 5, pp. 2577-2590, (2013); 
Barani, S., Effects of surface topography on ground shaking prediction: Implications for seismic hazard analysis and recommendations for seismic design, Geophysical Journal International, 197, 3, pp. 1551-1565, (2014); 
Bouckovalas, George D., Numerical evaluation of slope topography effects on seismic ground motion, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 25, 7-10, pp. 547-558, (2005); 
Nehrp Recommended Provisions for Seismic Regulations for New Buildings and Other Structures, (1997); 
Burjánek, Jan, Empirical evidence of local seismic effects at sites with pronounced topography: A systematic approach, Geophysical Journal International, 197, 1, pp. 608-619, (2014); 
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, (1973)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zhao, L., Liu, X., Mao, J., Shao, L., Li, T.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhao, Lanhao (21234534000); Liu, Xunnan (57195808492); Mao, Jia (56150518400); Shao, Linyu (57211601571); Li, Tongchun (8837868100)
21234534000; 57195808492; 56150518400; 57211601571; 8837868100
Three-dimensional distance potential discrete element method for the numerical simulation of landslides
(2020) Landslides, 17 (2), pp. 361 - 377, Cited 47 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s10346-019-01282-9
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85074617803&doi=10.1007%2Fs10346-019-01282-9&partnerID=40&md5=7740737519fadca26cca2991bde15520

AFFILIATIONS: College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
ABSTRACT: The study focuses on the kinetic process of landslides, including associated travel trajectory and endangered area. A three-dimensional distance potential discrete element method for the movement process of landslides is developed in this work. Benefited from a new definition of the distance potential function with a clear physical meaning, a holonomic system of the calculation algorithm for the contact interaction is established, accounting for the influence of the tangential contact force. Performance of the new approach is validated with well-known benchmarks, which consist of a block impact simulation, a sliding/toppling test of a joint rock slope, and block response to induced acceleration in the foundation. The results are in good agreement with the analytical solutions, showing an ability of the newly method in capturing the microscopic mechanical behaviors and macro-motion characteristics of individual blocks. After the verification of the overall performance by three cases, the proposed method is applied to simulate the Tangjiashan Landslide trigged by the Wenchuan Earthquake in 2008. © 2019, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Discrete element method; Distance potential function; Endangered area; Landslides; Travel trajectory
INDEX KEYWORDS: Benchmarking; Earthquakes; Finite difference method; Landslides; Calculation algorithms; Endangered area; Induced accelerations; Mechanical behavior; Motion characteristics; Potential function; Tangjiashan landslides; Wenchuan Earthquake; Numerical methods; acceleration; discrete element method; foundation; landslide; movement; simulation; sliding; three-dimensional modeling; trajectory; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Acharya, Govind, Quantifying and modeling post-failure sediment yields from laboratory-scale soil erosion and shallow landslide experiments with silty loess, Geomorphology, 129, 1-2, pp. 49-58, (2011); 
Bandara, Samila S., Corrigendum to Coupling of soil deformation and pore fluid flow using material point method [Comp. Geotech., 63(1) (2015) 199-214] DOI: 10.1016/j.compgeo.2014.12.007, Computers and Geotechnics, 65, (2015); 
Bao, Huirong, The vertex-to-vertex contact analysis in the two-dimensional discontinuous deformation analysis, Advances in Engineering Software, 45, 1, pp. 1-10, (2012); 
Barla, Marco, Rock slide simulation with the combined finite-discrete element method, International Journal of Geomechanics, 12, 6, pp. 711-721, (2012); 
Berti, Matteo, Prediction of debris flow inundation areas using empirical mobility relationships, Geomorphology, 90, 1-2, pp. 144-161, (2007); 
Brideau, Marc André, Stability analysis of the 2007 Chehalis lake landslide based on long-range terrestrial photogrammetry and airborne LiDAR data, Landslides, 9, 1, pp. 75-91, (2012); 
Crosta, Giovanni Battista, Numerical modelling of entrainment/deposition in rock and debris-avalanches, Engineering Geology, 109, 1-2, pp. 135-145, (2009); 
Cui, Peng, The 12 May Wenchuan earthquake-induced landslide lakes: Distribution and preliminary risk evaluation, Landslides, 6, 3, pp. 209-223, (2009); 
Cundall, Peter A., Formulation of a three-dimensional distinct element model-Part I. A scheme to detect and represent contacts in a system composed of many polyhedral blocks, International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences and Geomechanics, 25, 3, pp. 107-116, (1988); 
Cundall, Peter A., A discrete numerical model for granular assemblies, Geotechnique, 29, 1, pp. 47-65, (1979)
PUBLISHER: Springer
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Luo, H., Deng, C., Zhao, G.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Luo, Hui (57215189768); Deng, Chuang (55982977500); Zhao, Gaowen (57201088983)
57215189768; 55982977500; 57201088983
Statistics and preliminary analysis for typical landslide dams in China in past decade 2008-2017年中国典型滑坡堰塞坝(湖)灾害事件统计与初步分析
(2020) Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources, 40 (1), pp. 17 - 24, Cited 12 times.
DOI: 10.3880/j.issn.1006-7647.2020.01.003
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85080055896&doi=10.3880%2Fj.issn.1006-7647.2020.01.003&partnerID=40&md5=7c1d58a847812f22aa79f9b6e26f9c75

AFFILIATIONS: State Grid Corporation of China, Beijing, China; Architectural Engineering College, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: The geological disaster chain related to landslide dams has caused a lot of economic losses and casualties to China every year. Based on data statistics, the triggering factors and distribution rules of landslide dams in China in the past 10 years were analyzed. The results show that, there has been more than 100 recorded landslide dams in China. Earthquakes and heavy rainfalls are the main trigger factors, since they account for more than 90% of the total statistics. In terms of geographical distribution, Southwestern China is the heavy disaster-area of hazards related to landslide dams, and the landslide dam number accounts for more than 80% of the total statistics. The number of landslide dams in Sichuan Province is far more than that of other provinces, as it has suffered from the Wenchuan earthquake and the Lushan earthquake. Taiwan Province ranks the second, since there are 11 landslide dams recorded in the past 10 years due to the impact of typhoons yearly, accounting for 10.2% of the total, followed by Yunnan, Chongqing and other provinces. In terms of temporal distribution, the number of landslide dams is basically fluctuating within the normal range except for the year 2008. © 2020, Editorial Board of Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources, Hohai University. All right reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Earthquake; Landslide; Landslide dam; Rainfall; Statiscal analysis
REFERENCES: Costa, John E., FORMATION AND FAILURE OF NATURAL DAMS., Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 100, 7, pp. 1054-1068, (1988); 
Adams, John, Earthquake-dammed lakes in New Zealand, Geology, 9, 5, pp. 215-219, (1981); 
Swanson, Frederick J., Landslide dams in Japan., 3 ) (ISBN 0-87262-524-9), pp. 131-145, (1986); 
Chai, Hejun, Preliminarily stability analysis of natural rock-field dam resulting from damming landslide, Dizhi Keji Qingbao/Geological Science and Technology Information, 20, 1, pp. 77-81, (2001); 
Dai, Fuchu, The 1786 earthquake-triggered landslide dam and subsequent dam-break flood on the Dadu River, southwestern China, Geomorphology, 65, 3-4, pp. 205-221, (2005); 
Journal of Geological Hazards and Environment Preservation, (2000); 
Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources, (2011); 
Water Resources Protection, (2017); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2008); 
Remote Sensing for Land Resources, (2008)
PUBLISHER: Editorial Office of Journal of Hohai University (Nature Sciences) xb1957@vip.163.com
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Li, S., Yin, Y., He, J., Qian, H.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Li, Shouding (23393158000); Yin, Yueping (55687306100); He, Jianming (55635239900); Qian, Haitao (24485191400)
23393158000; 55687306100; 55635239900; 24485191400
Mechanism of Tangjiashan landslide and stability assessment of the slide dam
(2020), 2, pp. 875 - 886, Cited 0 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85207547785&partnerID=40&md5=0508ecddf48c15e5bfb9a4181b033900

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Engineering Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; China Geological Survey, Beijing, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Engineering Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; Institute of Crustal Dynamics, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Tangjiashan landslide is one of the severest geological disasters triggered by Wenchuan earthquake. The approximate volume of this landslide even reached 2037 × 104 m3, and landslide lake was formed in the upper stream of Jian River in Beichuan county. This landslide is a typical rock mass slide occurring in the weak sedimentary rock strata overlain by limestone and siltstone. In order to study the mechanism of Tangjiashan landslide, geological investigation and numerical study were carried out. The trigger of this rock slide is the earthquake, and laminated weak sediment presented in the rock mass plays the major role to facilitate the occurrence of rock slide. Large-scale landslide accumulation was formed in the river valley and mainly composed of rock blocks and fragments overlying with surficial loose deposits. Instruments were installed on the landslide dam for the measurement of the ground movement and the monitoring results are presented in this paper. Base on the rock mass structure analysis and results of monitoring, the stability of landslide dam is assessed. © 2011 Taylor & Francis Group, London, UK.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Mechanism; Stability; Tangjiashan landslide; Wenchuan earthquake
REFERENCES: Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, (2004); 
Huang, Runqiu, Research on development and distribution rules of geohazards induced by Wenchuan earthquake on 12th May, 2008, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 27, 12, pp. 2585-2592, (2008); 
Jin, Wenzheng, Deformation and zonation of the Longmenshan fold and thrust zone in the western Sichuan basin, Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition), 81, 8, pp. 1072-1080, (2007); 
Geological Review, (2008); 
Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, (2008); 
Earthquake Research in Sichuan, (2000); 
Journal of Southwest Institute of Technology, (1998); 
Journal of Southwest Institute of Technology, (1998); 
Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology, (2006); 
Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, (2007)
PUBLISHER: CRC Press
DOCUMENT TYPE: Book chapter
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Yan, D., Sun, M., Gong, L., Zhou, M., Qiu, L., Li, S., Zhang, S., Gu, S., Mu, H.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Yan, Danping (36683417500); Sun, Ming (57406072500); Gong, Lingxiao (57210431076); Zhou, Mei Fu (7403506005); Qiu, Liang (55805314200); Li, Shubing (57205130034); Zhang, Sen (57171067200); Gu, Shuhang (57201351745); Mu, Hongxu (57020965100)
36683417500; 57406072500; 57210431076; 7403506005; 55805314200; 57205130034; 57171067200; 57201351745; 57020965100
Composite structure and growth of the Longmenshan foreland thrust belt in the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau 青藏高原东缘龙门山前陆逆冲带复合结构与生长
(2020) Journal of Geomechanics, 26 (5), pp. 615 - 633, Cited 7 times.
DOI: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2020.26.05.054
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85116299941&doi=10.12090%2Fj.issn.1006-6616.2020.26.05.054&partnerID=40&md5=d17c5bea2d0083be4edd49631a00ccf7

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Lab for Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, Beijing, China; Department of Earth Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Exploration and Development Institute, PetroChina, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: It has been proved that the NE-trending Longmenshan thrust belt in the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau was a composite of the expansion and growth of the Mesozoic and Cenozoic foreland thrust belts. However, puzzle is remained for the unidirectional and segmented migration of earth surface failures, aftershocks, and landslides of the Wenchuan earthquake on May 12, 2008. This puzzle challenges the understanding for the texture of the Longmenshan composite thrust belt. Based on the previous studies, this paper applied geological investigation and structural analysis focusing on a possible special texture produced by the composite growth of the Longmenshan thrust belt. The results reveal a composite texture produced by the growth of the Cenozoic foreland thrust belt superimposed over the Mesozoic foreland thrust belt with foundation of the composite thrust wedge. The composite thrust wedge could be graded with formational sequence. The Mesozoic foreland thrust wedges are characterized by thrust fault-related anticlines. Thrust complexes of Bikou, Tangwangzhai and Longwangmiao, which are combined by foreland thrust wedges, were initiated before the late Triassic (237 Ma) and terminated at ~ 160 Ma. The Cenozoic foreland thrust wedge is composed of thrust fault and sheet, and was staged produced by SE-ward progressive propagation at about 35 ~ 10 Ma and 10 Ma, respectively. This thrust wedge propagation might result in the Longquanshan uplift in the east of the western Sichuan basin. Therefore, the Longmenshan foreland thrust belt has characteristics of composite texture and composite growth. © 2020 Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Institute of Geomechanics.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: composite texture and growth; eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau; foreland thrust wedge; Longmenshan foreland thrust belt; Wenchuan earthquake
REFERENCES: Airaghi, Laura, Influence of dissolution/reprecipitation reactions on metamorphic greenschist to amphibolite facies mica 40Ar/39Ar ages in the Longmen Shan (eastern Tibet), Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 36, 7, pp. 933-958, (2018); 
Arne, Dennis C., Differential exhumation in response to episodic thrusting along the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, Tectonophysics, 280, 3-4, pp. 239-256, (1997); 
Bai, Denghai, Crustal deformation of the eastern Tibetan plateau revealed by magnetotelluric imaging, Nature Geoscience, 3, 5, pp. 358-362, (2010); 
Billerot, Audrey, Gneiss domes of the Danba Metamorphic Complex, Songpan Ganze, eastern Tibet, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 140, pp. 48-74, (2017); 
Bruguier, Olivier, U-Pb dating on single detrital zircon grains from the Triassic Songpan-Ganze flysch (Central China): Provenance and tectonic correlations, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 152, 1-4, pp. 217-231, (1997); 
Burchfiel, B. Clark, Tectonics of the Longmen Shan and Adjacent Regions, Central China, International Geology Review, 37, 8, pp. 661-735, (1995); 
Burchfiel, B. Clark, Geology of the Ulugh Muztagh area, northern Tibet, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 94, 1-2, pp. 57-70, (1989); 
Burchfiel, B. Clark, A geological and geophysical context for the Wenchuan earthquake of 12 May 2008, Sichuan, People's Republic of China, GSA Today, 18, 7, pp. 4-11, (2008); 
Cao, Wentao, Structural style and metamorphic conditions of the Jinshajiang metamorphic belt: Nature of the Paleo-Jinshajiang orogenic belt in the eastern Tibetan Plateau, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 113, pp. 748-765, (2015); 
Castonguay, Sébastien, Dating polyphase deformation across low-grade metamorphic belts: An example based on 40Ar/39Ar muscovite age constraints from the southern Quebec Appalachians, Canada, Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 119, 7-8, pp. 978-992, (2007)
PUBLISHER: Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Institute of Geomechanics
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Ribeiro e Sousa, L., Vargas, E., Leal Sousa, R.L., Chaminé, H.I.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Ribeiro e Sousa, Luís Ribeiroe (34969627600); Vargas, Eurípedes Amaral (7006397825); Leal Sousa, Rita Leal E. (54794519500); Chaminé, Hélder I. (8782621900)
34969627600; 7006397825; 54794519500; 8782621900
Hydrological risks in natural hazards focused on the role of the water: Studies on landslides
(2020) Advances in Science, Technology and Innovation, pp. 43 - 47, Cited 3 times.
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-34397-2_9
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85097976052&doi=10.1007%2F978-3-030-34397-2_9&partnerID=40&md5=432aa1ef4cff67dc445f2663f19439f7

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Geotechnical Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; Department of Civil Engineering, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Department of Civil, Charles V. Schaefer, Jr. School of Engineering and Science, Hoboken, NJ, United States; Department of Geotechnical Engineering, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Porto, Porto, Portugal
ABSTRACT: Landslides are one of the most important natural hazards on Earth. Landslide mechanisms related to hydrology are analyzed with a focus on the major risks, and formal risk assessment methodologies are presented. The management of accidents in slopes is discussed, with particular emphasis on Hong Kong and to Rio de Janeiro. Specific aspects of slope instability in the state of Rio de Janeiro are discussed, with a focus on cases that occurred in the mountainous region of the State. The megadisaster occurred in 2011, with high number of deaths and significant economic losses, is studied with particular incidence in individual landslides. A description of occurrence of large landslides in China is also presented. The modeling of catastrophic flow-type slide at Shenzhen landfill induced by intense rainfall is introduced and referred to large number of landslides happened during the Wenchuan earthquake in 2008 is mentioned. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Earthquake; Groundwater; Hydrological risk; Landslide; Natural hazard
REFERENCES: Effect of Groundwater on Landslide Triggering, (2011); 
Innovative Numerical Modelling in Geomechanics, (2012); 
Numerical and Numerical Models and Safety Considerations for Daguangbao Landslide Triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake, (2019); 
Usa, (2005); 
Li, Zhaohua, Consistent modeling of a catastrophic flowslide at the Shenzhen landfill using a hydro-elasto-plastic model with solid–fluid transition, Acta Geotechnica, 13, 6, pp. 1451-1466, (2018); 
Puc Rio Report, (2013); 
Ribeiro e Sousa, Luís Ribeiroe, Risk assessment of CO2 injection processes and storage, pp. 359-397, (2017)
PUBLISHER: Springer Nature
DOCUMENT TYPE: Book chapter
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GREEN ACCEPTED OPEN ACCESS; GREEN OPEN ACCESS

Jinghai, X., Lan, B., Bo, L., Haijun, Z.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Jinghai, Xu (57219986246); Lan, Bu (57219988299); Bo, Li (57219985685); Haijun, Zhou (57219985794)
57219986246; 57219988299; 57219985685; 57219985794
Mapping the Earthquake Landslide Risk, A Case Study in the Sichuan-Yunnan Region, China
(2020) Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 12473 LNCS, pp. 102 - 107, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-60952-8_11
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85096425737&doi=10.1007%2F978-3-030-60952-8_11&partnerID=40&md5=e9abe1fe48dc7bcaeff6ec969a38213a

AFFILIATIONS: School of Geomatics Science and Technology, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
ABSTRACT: Rapid and effective assessment of the landslide risk and its spatial distribution after the earthquake provide good support for earthquake emergency rescue. In this paper, we develop a landslide risk map in the Sichuan-Yunnan region for post-earthquake emergency rescue with grid technology based on historical seismic landslide data of Wenchuan earthquake. The historical data of Wenchuan earthquake is extracted based on the Aster images. The seismic landslide risk assessment model is introduced based on logistic regression model, in which seismic intensity and slop of digital elevation model are selected as influence factors (input parameters). Then we grid the landslide risk estimation model to generate landslide risk maps in resolution of 90 m. So the risk maps are prepared before earthquake, the landslide risk can be quickly estimated after earthquake according to few information acquired from earthquake monitor network, such as magnitude, focal depth, earthquake location. Finally, a seismic landslide risk assessment system was developed to realize the application of the risk maps. © 2020, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Earthquake landslide; Gridding technology; Logistic regression; Risk assessment
INDEX KEYWORDS: Geographic information systems; Information systems; Information use; Landslides; Logistic regression; Maps; Risk assessment; Risk perception; Digital elevation model; Earthquake location; Landslide risk map; Logistic Regression modeling; Risk assessment models; Seismic landslides; Sichuan-Yunnan region; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes
REFERENCES: Recent Developments in World Seismology, (2011); 
Akgun, Aykut, Application of remote sensing data and GIS for landslide risk assessment as an environmental threat to Izmir city (west Turkey), Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 184, 9, pp. 5453-5470, (2012); 
Jibson, Randall W., A method for producing digital probabilistic seismic landslide hazard maps, Engineering Geology, 58, 3-4, pp. 271-289, (2000); 
Romeo, Roberto Walter, Seismically induced landslide displacements: A predictive model, Engineering Geology, 58, 3-4, pp. 337-351, (2000); 
Harp, Edwin L., Landslide inventories: The essential part of seismic landslide hazard analyses, Engineering Geology, 122, 1-2, pp. 9-21, (2011); 
Jibson, Randall W., Regression models for estimating coseismic landslide displacement, Engineering Geology, 91, 2-4, pp. 209-218, (2007); 
Xu, Chong, The spatial distribution pattern of landslides triggered by the 20 April 2013 Lushan earthquake of China and its implication to identification of the seismogenic fault, Chinese Science Bulletin, 59, 13, pp. 1416-1424, (2014); 
Tian, Yingying, Inventory and Spatial Distribution of Landslides Triggered by the 8th August 2017 M W 6.5 Jiuzhaigou Earthquake, China, Journal of Earth Science, 30, 1, pp. 206-217, (2019); 
J Earth Seismol Res, (2001); 
Rock and Soil Mechanics, (2003)
PUBLISHER: Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
CONFERENCE NAME: 18th International Symposium on Web and Wireless Geographical Information Systems, W2GIS 2019
CONFERENCE DATE: 2020-11-13 through 2020-11-14
CONFERENCE LOCATION: Wuhan
CONFERENCE CODE: 250639
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Cui, W., He, X., Yao, M., Wang, Z., Li, J., Hao, Y., Wu, W., Zhao, H., Chen, X., Cui, W.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Cui, Wenqi (57211061916); He, Xin (57221137798); Yao, Meng (57208755211); Wang, Ziwei (56405232600); Li, Jie (57843010000); Hao, Yuanjie (57211057280); Wu, Weijie (57211059420); Zhao, Huilin (57198972401); Chen, Xianfeng (13104634000); Cui, Wei (57200329935)
57211061916; 57221137798; 57208755211; 56405232600; 57843010000; 57211057280; 57211059420; 57198972401; 13104634000; 57200329935
Landslide image captioning method based on semantic gate and bi-temporal LSTM
(2020) ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 9 (4), art. no. 194, Cited 19 times.
DOI: 10.3390/ijgi9040194
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85082764726&doi=10.3390%2Fijgi9040194&partnerID=40&md5=43629e88f5e00fd95e6abd88d5f1dd4f

AFFILIATIONS: School of Safety Science and Emergency Management, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China; School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
ABSTRACT: When a landslide happens, it is important to recognize the hazard-affected bodies surrounding the landslide for the risk assessment and emergency rescue. In order to realize the recognition, the spatial relationship between landslides and other geographic objects such as residence, roads and schools needs to be defined. Comparing with semantic segmentation and instance segmentation that can only recognize the geographic objects separately, image captioning can provide richer semantic information including the spatial relationship among these objects. However, the traditional image captioning methods based on RNNs have two main shortcomings: the errors in the prediction process are often accumulated and the location of attention is not always accurate which would lead to misjudgment of risk. To handle these problems, a landslide image interpretation network based on a semantic gate and a bi-temporal long-short term memory network (SG-BiTLSTM) is proposed in this paper. In the SG-BiTLSTM architecture, a U-Net is employed as an encoder to extract features of the images and generate the mask maps of the landslides and other geographic objects. The decoder of this structure consists of two interactive long-short term memory networks (LSTMs) to describe the spatial relationship among these geographic objects so that to further determine the role of the classified geographic objects for identifying the hazard-affected bodies. The purpose of this research is to judge the hazard-affected bodies of the landslide (i.e., buildings and roads) through the SG-BiTLSTM network to provide geographic information support for emergency service. The remote sensing data was taken by Worldview satellite after the Wenchuan earthquake happened in 2008. The experimental results demonstrate that SG-BiTLSTM network shows remarkable improvements on the recognition of landslide and hazard-affected bodies, compared with the traditional LSTM (the Baseline Model), the BLEU1 of the SG-BiTLSTM is improved by 5.89%, the matching rate between the mask maps and the focus matrix of the attention is improved by 42.81%. In conclusion, the SG-BiTLSTM network can recognize landslides and the hazard-affected bodies simultaneously to provide basic geographic information service for emergency decision-making. © 2020 by the authors.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Bi-temporal LSTM; Image captioning; Landslide; Semantic segmentation
REFERENCES: Piralilou, Sepideh Tavakkoli, Landslide detection using multi-scale image segmentation and different machine learning models in the higher himalayas, Remote Sensing, 11, 21, (2019); 
Al-Rawabdeh, Abdulla, Using an unmanned aerial vehicle-based digital imaging system to derive a 3D point cloud for landslide scarp recognition, Remote Sensing, 8, 2, (2016); 
Scaioni, M., Remote sensing for landslide investigations: An overview of recent achievements and perspectives, Remote Sensing, 6, 10, pp. 9600-9652, (2014); 
Sun, Ruiling, A review of risk analysis methods for natural disasters, Natural Hazards, 100, 2, pp. 571-593, (2020); 
Chen, Lu, Regional disaster risk evaluation of China based on the universal risk model, Natural Hazards, 89, 2, pp. 647-660, (2017); 
Gao, Jingmin, Identification and estimation of landslide-debris flow disaster risk in primary and middle school campuses in a mountainous area of Southwest China, International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 25, pp. 60-71, (2017); 
Zhang, Wei, HJ-1 satellite's stable operation 3 anniversaries and disaster reduction application, (2012); 
J Eng Geol, (2018); 
Qi, Wenhua, High-resolution remote sensing-based method for determining the changes of loss risk from Earthquake-induced Geohazard-chain, pp. 183-186, (2013); 
Yang, Haiping, Semantic segmentation of high spatial resolution images with deep neural networks, GIScience and Remote Sensing, 56, 5, pp. 749-768, (2019)
PUBLISHER: MDPI AG rasetti@mdpi.com Postfach Basel CH-4005
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS; GREEN ACCEPTED OPEN ACCESS; GREEN OPEN ACCESS

Chen, G., Li, X., Gong, W., Xu, H.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Chen, Guanyu (57193015233); Li, Xiang (57195533852); Gong, Wenyin (23090822300); Xu, Hui (59610132400)
57193015233; 57195533852; 23090822300; 59610132400
Recognition of the landslide disasters with extreme learning machine
(2020) International Journal of Computational Science and Engineering, 21 (1), pp. 84 - 94, Cited 6 times.
DOI: 10.1504/IJCSE.2020.105215
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85080032967&doi=10.1504%2FIJCSE.2020.105215&partnerID=40&md5=a300661681bba60808264d2df32dcc61

AFFILIATIONS: School of Computer Science, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
ABSTRACT: The geological disasters of landslides induced by the Wenchuan earthquake are great in number so landslide disaster recognition and investigation must be conducted in the early stage of large construction planning in the disaster area. In recent years, the studies on image recognition focus on the extreme learning machine algorithm. Based on the preprocessing of remote sensing images, this paper conducts landslide recognition with remote sensing images through the extreme learning machine classification combined with colour and texture features of ground objects. The comparison experiments of landslide recognition with the support vector machine algorithm shows that the recognition accuracy of the extreme learning machine algorithm is not much different from that of the SVM algorithm, but the extreme learning machine takes short time in training with absolute advantage. © © 2020 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Computational science engineering; Extreme learning machine; Geological disaster; Image classification; Image recognition; Landslide disasters; Landslide recognition; Neural networks; Remote sensing image
INDEX KEYWORDS: Disasters; Earthquakes; Geology; Image classification; Image recognition; Knowledge acquisition; Landslides; Learning algorithms; Neural networks; Remote sensing; Support vector machines; Textures; Computational science; Construction planning; Extreme learning machine; Geological disaster; Recognition accuracy; Remote sensing images; Support vector machine algorithm; Wenchuan Earthquake; Learning systems
REFERENCES: Agrawal, K. P., Fusion of statistical and machine learning approaches for time series prediction using earth observation data, International Journal of Computational Science and Engineering, 14, 3, pp. 255-266, (2017); 
International Journal of Hybrid Intelligent Systems, (2014); 
Chen, Feng, CUDA-based PSO-trained neural network for computation of resonant frequency of circular microstrip antenna, International Journal of Computational Science and Engineering, 14, 3, pp. 211-221, (2017); 
Geological Science and Technology Information, (2016); 
Chen, Yong, A traffic identification based on PSO-RBF neural network in peer-to-peer network, International Journal of Computational Science and Engineering, 13, 2, pp. 158-164, (2016); 
International Journal of Applied Pattern Recognition, (2016); 
He, Bo, Fast Face Recognition Via Sparse Coding and Extreme Learning Machine, Cognitive Computation, 6, 2, pp. 264-277, (2014); 
Huang, G. B., Incremental extreme learning machine with fully complex hidden nodes, Neurocomputing, 71, 4-6, pp. 576-583, (2008); 
Huang, G. B., Extreme learning machine: A new learning scheme of feedforward neural networks, IEEE International Conference on Neural Networks - Conference Proceedings, 2, pp. 985-990, (2004); 
Huang, G. B., Extreme learning machine: Theory and applications, Neurocomputing, 70, 1-3, pp. 489-501, (2006)
PUBLISHER: Inderscience Publishers
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Nian, T.-K., Zhang, Y.-J., Wu, H., Chen, G.-Q., Zheng, L.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Nian, Tingkai (6506203069); Zhang, Yanjun (55879477900); Wu, Hao (57216600139); Chen, Guangqi (55577206900); Zheng, Lu (55273034500)
6506203069; 55879477900; 57216600139; 55577206900; 55273034500
Runout simulation of seismic landslides using discontinuous deformation analysis (Dda) with state-dependent shear strength model
(2020) Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 57 (8), pp. 1183 - 1196, Cited 30 times.
DOI: 10.1139/cgj-2019-0312
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85076115607&doi=10.1139%2Fcgj-2019-0312&partnerID=40&md5=62354f76027179f971ea0b46e40c60e1

AFFILIATIONS: Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China; Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Japan; College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
ABSTRACT: The reliable numerical simulation of the landslide process contributes to the establishment of evidence-based disaster mitigation measures in seismically active zones. To achieve this goal, a simple and unified state-dependent shear strength model of discontinuities is presented to describe the shear strength degradation in a seismic landslide process. The proposed model establishes a relationship between the shear strength parameters and the global safety factor of the slope by assuming that the slope instability (or landslide initiation) is accompanied by an instantaneous shear strength degradation of discontinuities. To realize the model numerically, the algorithms for the computation of global safety factor and the modification of shear strength parameters were incorporated into the discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA). Subsequently, the kinematic accuracy of the improved DDA method was validated by comparisons with theoretical solutions for the dynamic sliding of a block on an inclined plane. Numerical simulations of the Daguangbao landslide triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake were performed using the improved DDA method. The results illustrate that the shear strength degradation of discontinuities affect the evolution process, travel distance, and post-failure shape of the seismic landslide significantly. © 2020, Canadian Science Publishing. All rights reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA); Numerical modelling; Runout analysis; Seismic landslide; Shear strength degradation
INDEX KEYWORDS: Deformation; Earthquakes; Landslides; Numerical methods; Numerical models; Safety factor; Daguangbao landslides; Disaster mitigation; Discontinuous deformation analysis; Global safety factors; Seismically active zones; Shear strength parameters; Strength degradation; Theoretical solutions; Shear strength; active fault; algorithm; deformation mechanism; discontinuity; earthquake damage; landslide; numerical model; shear strength; simulation; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Beguería, Santiago, A GIS-based numerical model for simulating the kinematics of mud and debris flows over complex terrain, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 9, 6, pp. 1897-1909, (2009); 
Brady, Barry H.G., Rock Mechanics for underground mining: Third edition, pp. 1-628, (2006); 
Chang, Kuo Jen, Analysis of landsliding by earthquake shaking using a block-on-slope thermo-mechanical model: Example of Jiufengershan landslide, central Taiwan, Engineering Geology, 80, 1-2, pp. 151-163, (2005); 
Chen, Guangqi, A new model for long-distance movement of earthquake induced landslide, (2010); 
Chen, Guangqi, Practical applications of DDA to disaster prevention, pp. 15-28, (2013); 
Chen, K. T., Simulating the failure process of the Xinmo landslide using discontinuous deformation analysis, Engineering Geology, 239, pp. 269-281, (2018); 
Doolin, David M., Displacement accuracy of discounting deformation analysis method applied to sliding block, Journal of Engineering Mechanics - ASCE, 128, 11, pp. 1158-1168, (2002); 
Hatzor, Yossef H., The validity of dynamic block displacement prediction using DDA, International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 38, 4, pp. 599-606, (2001); 
Hatzor, Yossef H., Dynamic stability analysis of jointed rock slopes using the DDA method: King Herod's Palace, Masada, Israel, International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 41, 5, pp. 813-832, (2004); 
Proceedings of the Fifth North American Rock Mechanics Symposium, (2002)
PUBLISHER: Canadian Science Publishing
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Ali, A.P., Fan, X., Tang, X., Dou, J., Xu, Q., Huang, R.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Ali, P. Yunus (56600185700); Fan, Xuanmei (12752112800); Tang, Xiaolu (55743734800); Dou, Jie (56017411000); Xu, Qiang (56506033600); Huang, Runqiu (55835407700)
56600185700; 12752112800; 55743734800; 56017411000; 56506033600; 55835407700
Decadal vegetation succession from MODIS reveals the spatio-temporal evolution of post-seismic landsliding after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake
(2020) Remote Sensing of Environment, 236, art. no. 111476, Cited 127 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.rse.2019.111476
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85074347018&doi=10.1016%2Fj.rse.2019.111476&partnerID=40&md5=e4c1192d8f8dc16a856ac5257006b3ad

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; College of Earth Sciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Synergetic Control and Joint Remediation for Soil & Water Pollution, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata, Japan
ABSTRACT: Strong earthquakes, especially in continental mountainous areas, can trigger extensive mass wasting, producing large amounts of debris that accumulates along the hillslopes or in drainage channels. The coseismic deposits and disturbed slopes are prone to be reactivated or remobilized by heavy rainfalls in the subsequent years after the earthquake. Predicting how long post-seismic landslide activity will return to the pre-earthquake level is a key to risk assessment and management. However, this is still poorly understood, and lacks quantitative prediction approach. The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake triggered an unprecedented number of landslides, creating an extraordinary natural laboratory to investigate the evolution of post-seismic landslides and their impacts on environment. Using the vegetation recovery rate as an indicator, we present the observational evidence of the post-seismic landslide evolution based on MODIS NDVI time series between 2000 and 2018. Using a simple vegetation recovery rate (VRR) function, we quantify the rate of vegetation regrowth in the Wenchuan earthquake affected area, and discuss the decaying trend of post-seismic landslide activities. Our findings show that 83% of the co-seismic landslides become inactive within a decade. The NDVI trend suggests that landslide activity may return to the pre-earthquake level within 18 years. The sensitivity of vegetation regrowth to post-seismic landsliding thus offers a great potential to improve our understanding of the spatio-temporal evolution of the post-seismic landslide activities. © 2019 Elsevier Inc.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Landscape evolution; Post-seismic landslides; Vegetation recovery; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Landslides; Radiometers; Recovery; Risk assessment; Vegetation; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Landscape evolutions; Quantitative prediction; Risk assessment and managements; Seismic landslides; Spatiotemporal evolution; Vegetation recovery; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes; coseismic process; earthquake trigger; landscape evolution; landslide; MODIS; mountain region; NDVI; rainfall; risk assessment; Sichuan earthquake 2008; spatiotemporal analysis; vegetation type
REFERENCES: Chang, Ming, Hazard assessment of debris flows in the Wenchuan earthquake-stricken area, South West China, Landslides, 14, 5, pp. 1783-1792, (2017); 
Chigira, Masahiro, Geological and geomorphological characteristics of landslides triggered by the 2004 Mid Niigta prefecture earthquake in Japan, Engineering Geology, 82, 4, pp. 202-221, (2006); 
Cui, Peng, Destruction of vegetation due to geo-hazards and its environmental impacts in the Wenchuan earthquake areas, Ecological Engineering, 44, pp. 61-69, (2012); 
Dadson, Simon J., Earthquake-triggered increase in sediment delivery from an active mountain belt, Geology, 32, 8, pp. 733-736, (2004); 
Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011); 
Dearborn, Katherine D., Aspect and slope influence plant community composition more than elevation across forest–tundra ecotones in subarctic Canada, Journal of Vegetation Science, 28, 3, pp. 595-604, (2017); 
Domènech, Guillem, Modelling the role of material depletion, grain coarsening and revegetation in debris flow occurrences after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Engineering Geology, 250, pp. 34-44, (2019); 
Zenodo, (2018); 
Fan, Xuanmei, Spatio-temporal evolution of mass wasting after the 2008 Mw 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake revealed by a detailed multi-temporal inventory, Landslides, 15, 12, pp. 2325-2341, (2018); 
Fan, Xuanmei, Two multi-temporal datasets that track the enhanced landsliding after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Earth System Science Data, 11, 1, pp. 35-55, (2019)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier Inc. usjcs@elsevier.com
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zheng, G., Xu, Q., Peng, S.-Q.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zheng, Guang (35212768800); Xu, Qiang (56506033600); Peng, Shuangqi (57210165415)
35212768800; 56506033600; 57210165415
Calculation model of the long-runout distance of rock avalanche 岩质滑坡-碎屑流的运动距离计算公式研究
(2019) Yantu Lixue/Rock and Soil Mechanics, 40 (12), pp. 4897 - 4906, Cited 8 times.
DOI: 10.16285/j.rsm.2018.1827
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85081065769&doi=10.16285%2Fj.rsm.2018.1827&partnerID=40&md5=8c70d9caa45ab2569529bc6cb0dd1690

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: The long-runout distance of rock avalanches is the largest accumulation range that sediment can reach, which has great significance in disaster warning and risk assessment. This paper describes a calculation model to predict the long-runout distance, which is of interest in connection with the motion of landslide and mass movement. By summarizing the research results of long-runout distance of rock avalanches and basing on dimensional analysis, it is considered that the potential energy of rock mass plays an important role on long-runout, and that the long-runout distance (L) is the function of potential energy. Then, experiments were performed with 4 different quartz granular materials, and masses of these granular materials with various initial volumes were released from rest in a chute. The front position of avalanches was recorded. The effect of mass volume(V), the slope angle of transport zone(α), fragments particle size(d) and maximum vertical travel distance(H) on the long-runout distance(L) were studied. The calculation model for long-runout distance on potential energy was established by stepwise regression method. The data of 38 landslide-avalanches triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake and other 17 typical landslide rock avalanches that are widely used internationally were taken to verify the calculation model. The results show that the transport distance calculation model established by potential energy of rock mass is reliable and that the transport distance calculation model is suitable for rock avalanche disaster warning and risk assessment in mountainous areas. © 2019, Science Press. All right reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Calculation model; Chute experiment; Granular flow; Long runout distance; Rock avalanche; Stepwise regression
INDEX KEYWORDS: Disasters; Earthquakes; Granular materials; Landslides; Molecular physics; Particle size; Particle size analysis; Potential energy; Regression analysis; Risk assessment; Rock mechanics; Calculation models; Chute experiments; Granular flows; Long run outs; Rock avalanche; Stepwise regression; Rocks
REFERENCES: Yunnan Geographic Environment Research, (1991); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2009); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2010); 
Xu, Qiang, The Xinmocun landslide on June 24, 2017 in Maoxian, Sichuan: characteristics and failure mechanism, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 36, 11, pp. 2612-2628, (2017); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2018); 
Large Scale Landslides Induced by the Wenchuan Earthquake, (2009); 
Hsü, Kenneth Jinghwa, Catastrophic debris streams (sturzstroms) generated by rockfalls, Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 86, 1, pp. 129-140, (1975); 
Scheidegger, Adrian E., On the prediction of the reach and velocity of catastrophic landslides, Rock Mechanics, 5, 4, pp. 231-236, (1973); 
Legros, François, The mobility of long-runout landslides, Engineering Geology, 63, 3-4, pp. 301-331, (2002); 
Landslides from Massive Rock Slope Failure, (2006)
PUBLISHER: Academia Sinica kjwang@public.wh.hb.cn
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Tian, C., Fang, Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Tian, Congshan (57200181260); Fang, Yiping (12753683300)
57200181260; 12753683300
Assessment of social and economic resilience to geological hazards and its promotion strategy: A case study of Dujiangyan city
(2019) Journal of Natural Disasters, 28 (6), pp. 127 - 136, Cited 6 times.
DOI: 10.13577/j.jnd.2019.0614
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85109309508&doi=10.13577%2Fj.jnd.2019.0614&partnerID=40&md5=cc9b50550ec4a24e120af735164cc863

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Architecture and Urban-Rural Planning, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Geological hazards are important factor for hindering social and economic development in disaster-prone areas. The effective assessment of social and economic resilience has become an important strategy for reducing disaster impacts. This study developed a novel framework for the assessment of social and economic resilience based on five dimensions; capacity of inherent conditions (CIC), capacity of coping responses (CCR), capacity of adaptation and learning (CAL), disaster hazards exposure (DHE), and disaster hazard vulnerability (DHV). The case study was carried out in the Dujiangyan city, which was most severely affected by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. The results show that (1) the model has high precision rate for the assessment of social and economic resilience. (2) The area was highly affected due to debris flows and landslides, however the resilience level were increased during the period of 2000 to 2016. (3) Per capita income, GDP, accessibility to public infrastructure, mobile phones, labor sharing, per capita income, number of potential hazard sites that have carried out engineering measures, and Engel coefficient played significant role for increasing resilience, and (4) Various measures such as improving infrastructure conditions, strengthening drills for hazards prevention and mitigation, implementing engineering measures for potential hazard sites, and encouraging labors employment in hometown were highly recommended for improvement of resilience. © 2019 Science Press. All rights reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Dujiangyan city; Geological hazards; Social and economic resilience; Suggestions
INDEX KEYWORDS: debris flow; employment; geological hazard; Gross Domestic Product; hazard assessment; landslide; Sichuan earthquake 2008; China; Dujiangyan; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Progress in Geography, (2015); 
Journal of Catastrophology, (2013); 
Third World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction, (2015); 
Unisdr Sendai Japan; 
Strain Energy and Modem Fracture Mechanics with A Digression on Bows Catapults and Kangaroos in Structures or Why Things Don T Fall Down, (1978); 
Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, (1973); 
Carpenter, Stephen R., From Metaphor to Measurement: Resilience of What to What?, Ecosystems, 4, 8, pp. 765-781, (2001); 
Engineering within Ecological Constraints, (1996); 
Bruneau, Michel, A Framework to Quantitatively Assess and Enhance the Seismic Resilience of Communities, Earthquake Spectra, 19, 4, pp. 733-752, (2003); 
Brand, Fridolin Simon, Critical natural capital revisited: Ecological resilience and sustainable development, Ecological Economics, 68, 3, pp. 605-612, (2009)
PUBLISHER: Science Press
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Pei, X., Luo, J., Huang, R.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Pei, Xiangjun (14058672500); Luo, Jing (56718865700); Huang, Runqiu (55835407700)
14058672500; 56718865700; 55835407700
Failure mechanisms of wind-induced post-seismic rockfall hazard
(2019) Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 78 (8), pp. 5707 - 5725, Cited 10 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s10064-019-01509-y
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85075185019&doi=10.1007%2Fs10064-019-01509-y&partnerID=40&md5=a1d618738d853ec2fbec44e350fa3eaa

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: The 2008 Mw 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake generated a tremendous number of coseismic landslides and induced dynamic crack propagation in the bedrock of slopes. These processes produced loose material that could be entrained in subsequent landslides potentially triggered by prevailing valley wind in the earthquake-affected area. However, almost nothing is currently known about the influence of wind in triggering rockfall hazard. Therefore, we provide insights into the failure process and mechanics of wind-induced rockfall hazard by means of wind tunnel tests using different rock geometries. First, a 1:1-scale failure process simulation is used to model the aerodynamic instability of different geometries of rock blocks, and results reveal that (i) cubic rocks fail via downwind sliding; (ii) cuboid rocks fail via tailwind toppling or crosswind toppling (the latter only occurs when the unstable rock mass is close to the neighboring wall); and (iii) ellipsoid rocks fail via headwind clockwise rolling. The critical wind speed is inversely proportional to the angle of attack, the aspect ratio, and the ellipticity ratio. Second, a mechanical analysis is performed in terms of aerodynamic coefficients based on 6:1- and 4:1-scale wind pressure measurements, which is beneficial for studying the crucial factors involved in the occurrence of different failure modes. In addition, fast and effective methods to estimate the critical wind speed for sliding and tailwind toppling are developed, respectively. © 2019, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Post-seismic landslides; Rockfall hazard; Wenchuan earthquake; Wind pressure coefficient; Wind tunnel test
INDEX KEYWORDS: Angle of attack; Aspect ratio; Earthquakes; Landslides; Rock bursts; Rocks; Structural dynamics; Wind stress; Wind tunnels; Rockfall hazard; Seismic landslides; Wenchuan Earthquake; Wind pressure coefficient; Wind tunnel tests; Failure (mechanical); crack propagation; failure mechanism; hazard assessment; landslide; pressure effect; rockfall; Sichuan earthquake 2008; wind tunnel; wind velocity
REFERENCES: Bacon, D., Sailing stones on racetrack playa, Journal of Geology, 104, 1, pp. 121-125, (1996); 
Barenblatt, Grigory Isaakovich, Scaling, self-similarity, and intermediate asymptotics, pp. 1-386, (2014); 
Low Speed Wind Tunnel Testing, (1999); 
Blau, Peter J., Friction science and technology: From concepts to applications, second edition, pp. 1-420, (2008); 
Castro, Ian P., The flow around a surface-mounted cube in uniform and turbulent streams, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 79, 2, pp. 307-335, (1977); 
Chigira, Masahiro, Landslides induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China, Geomorphology, 118, 3-4, pp. 225-238, (2010); 
Copons, Ramon, Rockfall travel distance analysis by using empirical models (Solà d'Andorra la Vella, Central Pyrenees), Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 9, 6, pp. 2107-2118, (2009); 
Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011); 
Friction and Friction Coefficients, (2004); 
Engineering Sciences Data Item no 70014, (1970)
PUBLISHER: Springer Verlag
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Yuan, R., Wang, Y., Jin, J., W. Dickson Cunningham, D.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Yuan, Renmao (7202708506); Wang, Ying (59853841300); Jin, Jialiang (57210915369); W. Dickson Cunningham, Dickson (7103205425)
7202708506; 59853841300; 57210915369; 7103205425
Local structural and geomorphological controls on landsliding at the Leigu restraining bend of the Beichuan-Yingxiu fault system during the 2008 Mw 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake
(2019) Landslides, 16 (12), pp. 2485 - 2498, Cited 13 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s10346-019-01264-x
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85071881162&doi=10.1007%2Fs10346-019-01264-x&partnerID=40&md5=3e64e7a4863ff916fabfea64510dd1e8

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Active Tectonics and Volcano, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China; Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Environmental Earth Science, Eastern Connecticut State University, Willimantic, CT, United States
ABSTRACT: The 2008 M<inf>w</inf> 7.9 Wenchuan, China, earthquake produced many damaging landslides in the Longmenshan region along the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, China. Among the thousands of reported landslides, some are geologically notable because of their close spatial relationship to local fault rupture complexities. The Leigu landslide is particularly interesting because it formed at a restraining bend along the Beichuan-Yingxiu fault system in a structural position that favored hill-slope collapse because of a variety of preexisting structural and geomorphological conditions. The 2008 landslide reactivated an older landslide that is indicated by a preserved paleo-scarp upslope from the main 2008 event scarp. Our field and analytical results coupled with a review of existing geological information on the region indicate that the landslide site is located between two regional folds with opposing plunge directions and that the restraining bend is the displacement transfer zone between two parallel, but offset segments of the Beichuan-Yingxui Fault system. In addition, NE-oriented steep joints were reactivated as slip surfaces in the upper slopes of the landslide area within an anticline hinge zone that focuses vertical uplift. Steep valley walls due to incision of the antecedent Laochangkou River and abundant rainfall during the earthquake period, combined with intense seismic acceleration were contributing factors to the landslide event. During the earthquake, approximately equal components of strike-slip and SE-directed thrusting occurred on surface ruptures within the bend, offsetting older landslide deposits and man-made structures. Field results indicate that sliding was facilitated by loose unconsolidated materials from the previous landslide that were remobilized above a soft, low-friction basal slip surface. The Leigu landslide provides an important case study for evaluating potential landslide hazards close to active fault systems where complex 3-D structural geometries and high-relief, steep terrain combine to generate significant ground instability during large magnitude earthquakes. © 2019, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: 2008 Wenchuan earthquake; Beichuan fault; Leigu landslide; Longmenshan; Restraining bend
INDEX KEYWORDS: Faulting; Landslides; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Geological information; Longmenshan; Man-made structures; Restraining bend; Seismic accelerations; Spatial relationships; Structural geometry; Earthquakes; active fault; anticline; earthquake magnitude; fault geometry; geomorphology; incised valley; landslide; Sichuan earthquake 2008; uplift; Beichuan; China; Longmen Mountains; Longmenshan Fault Zone; Qinghai-Xizang Plateau; Sichuan; Wenchuan; Yingxiu
REFERENCES: Ambraseys, Nicholas N., Earthquake induced displacements of slopes, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 14, 1, pp. 59-71, (1995); 
Aoudia, Abdelkrim, The 1976 Friuli (NE Italy) thrust faulting earthquake: A reappraisal 23 years later, Geophysical Research Letters, 27, 4, pp. 573-576, (2000); 
Bayasgalan, Amgalan, Forebergs', flower structures, and the development of large intracontinental strike-slip faults: The Gurvan Bogd fault system in Mongolia, Journal of Structural Geology, 21, 10, pp. 1285-1302, (1999); 
Bulmer, Mark H.K., Landslide hazards after the 2005 Kashmir earthquake, Eos, 88, 5, pp. 53-55, (2007); 
Geohazard Report Central Geological Survey Moea Taiwan Taipei, (2000); 
She Fa Chen, Active faulting and block movement associated with large earthquakes in the Min Shan and Longmen Mountains, northeastern Tibetan Plateau, Journal of Geophysical Research, 99, B12, pp. 24-38, (1994); 
Chen, Jiu Hui, Seismotectonic study by relocation of the Wenchuan Ms8.0 earthquake sequence, Acta Geophysica Sinica, 52, 2, pp. 390-397, (2009); 
Nat Hazards Earth Syst Sci, (2013); 
Chigira, Masahiro, Geological causes and geomorphological precursors of the Tsaoling landslide triggered by the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake, Taiwan, Engineering Geology, 68, 3-4, pp. 259-273, (2003); 
W. Dickson Cunningham, Dickson, Active intracontinental transpressional mountain building in the Mongolian Altai: Defining a new class of orogen, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 240, 2, pp. 436-444, (2005)
PUBLISHER: Springer
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Shao, C., Li, Y., Lan, H., Li, P., Zhou, R., Ding, H., Yan, Z., Dong, S., Yan, L., Deng, T.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Shao, Chongjian (57188924181); Li, Yong (57246524500); Lan, Hengxing (7102710925); Li, Pengyu (57196047303); Zhou, Rongjun (8631822800); Ding, Hairong (41761303700); Yan, Zhaokun (36505404500); Dong, Shunli (24528093500); Yan, Liang (55330368900); Deng, Tao (56404082000)
57188924181; 57246524500; 7102710925; 57196047303; 8631822800; 41761303700; 36505404500; 24528093500; 55330368900; 56404082000
The role of active faults and sliding mechanism analysis of the 2017 Maoxian postseismic landslide in Sichuan, China
(2019) Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 78 (8), pp. 5635 - 5651, Cited 46 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s10064-019-01480-8
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85062687377&doi=10.1007%2Fs10064-019-01480-8&partnerID=40&md5=bd6ca5a2725427dada36638cbeb35d0c

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Sichuan Shutong Geotechnical Engineering Company, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Sichuan Earthquake Agency, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: A giant, high-position rockslide occurred in Xinmo village of Maoxian County, Sichuan, China, on June 24, 2017. It was the largest rockslide recorded since the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, and caused great loss. We use field survey data and relevant information to describe the geometric and zoning of the Maoxian landslide, and we discuss its sliding mechanism and the role of active faults in its formation. The sliding mode of the Maoxian landslide involves a plane failure mechanism (sliding rupture), while the slipping process can be divided into two stages: a rock cracking and deterioration stage, and a high-speed sliding stage. The role of active faults (earthquake and fault movement) is probably the most important factor in the Maoxian landslide formation, while lithology played a catalytic role and rainfall acted as an inducing factor. The fault vertical combination model (“back thrust” dynamic model) proposed in this paper provides a reasonable explanation for the different distribution of the coseismic landslides caused by the 1933 M 7.5 Diexi earthquake. We consider that a steep slope near the active fault, especially where the active fault intersects, just like the “locked segment” of a fault, is the uppermost area to develop a large landslide. © 2019, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Fault combination model; Maoxian postseismic landslide; Role of active faults; Sliding mechanism
INDEX KEYWORDS: Deterioration; Earthquakes; Failure (mechanical); Landslides; Lithology; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Active fault; Combination models; Different distributions; Failure mechanism; Inducing factors; Sichuan , China; Sliding mechanism; Faulting; active fault; earthquake damage; earthquake magnitude; fault zone; landslide; probability; seismic response; Sichuan earthquake 2008; sliding; China; Maoxian; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Burbank, Douglas W., Bedrock incision, rock uplift and threshold hillslopes in the northwestern Himalayas, Nature, 379, 6565, pp. 505-510, (1996); 
Chen, K. T., Simulating the failure process of the Xinmo landslide using discontinuous deformation analysis, Engineering Geology, 239, pp. 269-281, (2018); 
Chigira, Masahiro, Long-term gravitational deformation of rocks by mass rock creep, Engineering Geology, 32, 3, pp. 157-184, (1992); 
Chigira, Masahiro, Topographic precursors and geological structures of deep-seated catastrophic landslides caused by Typhoon Talas, Geomorphology, 201, pp. 479-493, (2013); 
Cui, Peng, The Wenchuan Earthquake (May 12, 2008), Sichuan Province, China, and resulting geohazards, Natural Hazards, 56, 1, pp. 19-36, (2011); 
Densmore, Alexander Logan, Hillslope evolution by bedrock landslides, Science, 275, 5298, pp. 369-372, (1997); 
Densmore, Alexander Logan, Active tectonics of the Beichuan and Pengguan faults at the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, Tectonics, 26, 4, (2007); 
Ding, Hairong, Increased sediment discharge driven by heavy rainfall after Wenchuan earthquake: A case study in the upper reaches of the Min River, Sichuan, China, Quaternary International, 333, pp. 122-129, (2014); 
Dong, Jie, Measuring precursory movements of the recent Xinmo landslide in Mao County, China with Sentinel-1 and ALOS-2 PALSAR-2 datasets, Landslides, 15, 1, pp. 135-144, (2018); 
Fan, Xuanmei, Failure mechanism and kinematics of the deadly June 24th 2017 Xinmo landslide, Maoxian, Sichuan, China, Landslides, 14, 6, pp. 2129-2146, (2017)
PUBLISHER: Springer Verlag
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Ding, H., Li, Y., Ni, S.J., Shao, C., Shi, Z.M., Yan, L., Lv, L.Q., Ni, T., Gong, R.H., Shi, L., Liu, Y.X.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Ding, Hairong (41761303700); Li, Yong (57246524500); Ni, Shijun (7101821807); Shao, Chongjian (57188924181); Shi, Zeming (8271482900); Yan, Liang (55330368900); Lv, L. Q. (57213421076); Ni, Ting (56430630500); Gong, R. H. (57539979300); Shi, L. (49664146300); Liu, Y. X. (57213421951)
41761303700; 57246524500; 7101821807; 57188924181; 8271482900; 55330368900; 57213421076; 56430630500; 57539979300; 49664146300; 57213421951
The mountain torrent disasters and its effect on sediment transport after the Wenchuan earthquake
(2019) IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 344 (1), art. no. 012159, Cited 4 times.
DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/344/1/012159
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85077800170&doi=10.1088%2F1755-1315%2F344%2F1%2F012159&partnerID=40&md5=0b90a2b1264980f06322c88fd3d273be

AFFILIATIONS: School of Earth Science, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; School of Energy, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; College of Environment and Civil Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: By analyzing the formation causes of the mountain torrent disasters as well as the distribution characteristics of rainstorm in Longmen Mountain area, and citing the typical post-seismic the mountain torrent disasters within 2008∼2013 after the Wenchuan earthquake in the area as example, the character of post-seismic floods, the spatial distribution of the devasting post-seismic debris flows, the critical rainfall to trigger the mountain torrent disasters and so on are explored. Besides, the sediment before and after the Wenchuan earthquake of the Minjiang watershed are compared. The conclusions are as following: (1) The time of the post-seismic flash floods and debris flows after the Wenchuan earthquake are centered from July to September, which is consistent with the rainfall of the area. (2) Rather than the debris flows are triggered when the rainfall intensity reached the critical rainfall intensity, those are closely linked with the pre-Accumulated rainfall. That is to say, the more pre-Accumulated rainfall, the more probability of the debris flows. (3) After the Wenchuan earthquake, the total sediment increases 13.8%∼70%. But the increasing range is varied from year to year. In the year when the debris flow occurred, the sediment shall increase drastically. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.
INDEX KEYWORDS: Debris; Disasters; Floods; Landforms; Rain; Sediment transport; Storms; Water resources; Accumulated rainfall; Critical rainfall; Critical rainfall intensities; Debris flows; Distribution characteristics; Longmen Mountain; Rainfall intensity; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes
REFERENCES: Journal of Catastrophology, (2013); 
Huang, Runqiu, Research on development and distribution rules of geohazards induced by Wenchuan earthquake on 12th May, 2008, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 27, 12, pp. 2585-2592, (2008); 
Li, Yong, The quantitative correlation between denudation volume and sedimentary flux in the denudation-accumulation system: Examples from Minjiang River drainage system, Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition), 81, 3, pp. 332-343, (2007); 
Parker, Robert N., Mass wasting triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake is greater than orogenic growth, Nature Geoscience, 4, 7, pp. 449-452, (2011); 
Malamud, Bruce D., Landslides, earthquakes, and erosion, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 229, 1-2, pp. 45-59, (2004); 
Li, Yong, Basic features and research progresses of Wenchuan Ms 8.0 earthquake, Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 41, 3, pp. 7-25, (2009); 
China Rural Water and Hydropower, (2016); 
Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control, (2014); 
Geoscience, (2018)
PUBLISHER: Institute of Physics Publishing helen.craven@iop.org
CONFERENCE NAME: 5th International Conference on Water Resource and Environment, WRE 2019
CONFERENCE DATE: 2019-07-16 through 2019-07-19
CONFERENCE LOCATION: Macao
CONFERENCE CODE: 154837
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Ning, Y., Zhang, G., Tang, H., Shen, W., Shen, P.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Ning, Yibing (57208280544); Zhang, Guangcheng (56170401900); Tang, Huiming (58132262400); Shen, Wenchao (57211715727); Shen, Peiwu (57196402466)
57208280544; 56170401900; 58132262400; 57211715727; 57196402466
Process Analysis of Toppling Failure on Anti-dip Rock Slopes Under Seismic Load in Southwest China
(2019) Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 52 (11), pp. 4439 - 4455, Cited 86 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s00603-019-01855-z
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85074879370&doi=10.1007%2Fs00603-019-01855-z&partnerID=40&md5=fa8adf5eb522b0a1071ce9f5855defa1

AFFILIATIONS: Faculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Three Gorges Research Center for Geohazards, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Due to complex geological structures and strong crustal activity, geological disasters occur frequently in the upper reaches of the Yalong River, Southwest China. Toppling failure on anti-dip rock slopes is a common phenomenon; in particular, after the Wenchuan earthquake in 2008, numerous landslides caused by toppling deformation occurred in reservoir areas, seriously threatening the construction and operation of large-scale water conservancy projects and hydropower projects. Taking three typical toppling slopes in the basin as research objects, the dynamic behaviour, failure evolution, and failure plane location of toppling failure under seismic waves were investigated by shaking table tests and UDEC simulations. The test results indicated that slope angle and stratum dip angle were both inversely proportional to the stability of the slope in the tested ranges. The failure evolution of toppling on anti-dip rock slopes could be divided into four stages: (1) the development stage of tensile cracks in the strata; (2) the formative stage of tensile cracks at the crest of the slope; (3) the formative stage of toppling zones; and (4) the failure stage. Two equations were proposed to reveal the relationships between the surface peak ground acceleration and the horizontal depth of the failure plane and displacement of the slope surface. The propagation and coalescence of discontinuous cross joint in the slope and the entire failure evolution simulated by the UDEC damage model agreed well with the shaking table test results. © 2019, Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Anti-dip rock slope; Dynamic behaviour; Evolution; Seismic loading; Toppling failure
INDEX KEYWORDS: Cracks; Dynamic response; Earthquakes; Failure (mechanical); Geology; Reservoirs (water); Rocks; Water management; Dynamic behaviours; Evolution; Geological structures; Large-scale water conservancy; Peak ground acceleration; Rock slope; Seismic loadings; Stability of the slopes; Slope stability; dynamic analysis; failure mechanism; geological structure; seismic wave; shaking table test; Sichuan earthquake 2008; slope angle; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan; Yalong River
REFERENCES: Adhikary, Deepak P., Modelling of progressive and instantaneous failures of foliated rock slopes, Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 40, 4, pp. 349-362, (2007); 
Rock Mechanics Meeting Societys Challenges and Demands, (2007); 
Alzo'ubi, A. K., Influence of tensile strength on toppling failure in centrifuge tests, International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 47, 6, pp. 974-982, (2010); 
J Sch Mar Sci Technol, (2009); 
Bobet, Antonio, Analytical solutions for toppling failure, International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences and Geomechanics, 36, 7, pp. 971-980, (1999); 
Bozzano, Francesca, Earthquake triggering of landslides in highly jointed rock masses: Reconstruction of the 1783 Scilla rock avalanche (Italy), Geomorphology, 129, 3-4, pp. 294-308, (2011); 
Brand, Louis, The Pi theorem of dimensional analysis, Archive for Rational Mechanics and Analysis, 1, 1, pp. 35-45, (1957); 
Chang, Kuo Jen, Analysis of landsliding by earthquake shaking using a block-on-slope thermo-mechanical model: Example of Jiufengershan landslide, central Taiwan, Engineering Geology, 80, 1-2, pp. 151-163, (2005); 
Chigira, Masahiro, Landslides induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China, Geomorphology, 118, 3-4, pp. 225-238, (2010); 
Cui, Peng, The 12 May Wenchuan earthquake-induced landslide lakes: Distribution and preliminary risk evaluation, Landslides, 6, 3, pp. 209-223, (2009)
PUBLISHER: Springer-Verlag Wien
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Fan, R., Zhang, L., Shen, P.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Fan, Ruilin (57201337970); Zhang, Limin Min (58883008100); Shen, Ping (57014242700)
57201337970; 58883008100; 57014242700
Evaluating volume of coseismic landslide clusters by flow direction-based partitioning
(2019) Engineering Geology, 260, art. no. 105238, Cited 16 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2019.105238
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85069969168&doi=10.1016%2Fj.enggeo.2019.105238&partnerID=40&md5=def36cb7323d9a13e1c84c5eb1120a63

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
ABSTRACT: A strong earthquake can trigger thousands of co-seismic landslides. The evaluation of the volume of such co-seismic landslides is essential for landslide risk assessment and long-term post-earthquake hazard evaluation. Empirical volume-area power laws are often applied to estimate the landslide volume. When several small landslide deposits form a large cluster on the hillslope, blurry boundaries of the clustered co-seismic landslides may lead to seemingly one large landslide and grossly overestimated landslide volume. In this paper, we propose a flow direction-based method to identify the boundaries of a cluster of landslides and to partition co-seismic landslides. Three watersheds that were severely impacted by co-seismic landslides in the Wenchuan earthquake region are chosen for case studies. Each co-seismic landslide cluster in these watersheds was interpreted from images taken shortly after the earthquake, and partitioned into individual landslides in accordance with a flow direction map that is processed based on a local digital terrain model. Finally, the volume of each individual landslide is calculated using an empirical volume-area power law. The adopted power law scaling relationship is selected from six widely used empirical relations and verified by 11 local landslide cases. The proposed flow-direction based partitioning method is further verified by clear boundaries of landslides that were exposed after storms, as well as supplementary field survey results. The proposed method results in similar landslide boundaries and volumes as the field survey results. The uncertainty of this approach is below 19%. If no partitioning is conducted, the total volume of the landslide cluster can approach twice that from the field investigations. © 2019
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Earthquake; Landslide; Mass wasting; Power law; Risk assessment; Slope stability
INDEX KEYWORDS: Earthquakes; Risk assessment; Slope stability; Surveys; Watersheds; Digital terrain model; Empirical relations; Field investigation; Mass wasting; Partitioning methods; Power law scalings; Power-law; Wenchuan Earthquake; Landslides; coseismic process; earthquake; landslide; mass wasting; power law; risk assessment; slope stability; volume
REFERENCES: Rapporto Sulle Frane in Italia, (2007); 
Gansu Water Conservancy Hydropower Technol, (2011); 
Calvello, Michele, Landslide zoning over large areas from a sample inventory by means of scale-dependent terrain units, Geomorphology, 182, pp. 33-48, (2013); 
Campbell, Charles S., Rapid granular flows, Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, 22, 1, pp. 57-92, (1990); 
Chen, Hongxin, EDDA 1.0: Integrated simulation of debris flow erosion, deposition and property changes, Geoscientific Model Development, 8, 3, pp. 829-844, (2015); 
Chen, Zhanpeng, Measuring and calculation methods for landslide volume with 3-D laser scanner in Wenchuan earthquake area, Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 29, 8, pp. 135-144, (2013); 
Corominas, Jordi, The angle of reach as a mobility index for small and large landslides, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 33, 2, pp. 260-271, (1996); 
Dai, Fuchu, Landslide characteristics and slope instability modeling using GIS, Lantau Island, Hong Kong, Geomorphology, 42, 3-4, pp. 213-228, (2002); 
Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011); 
Domènech, Guillem, Modelling the role of material depletion, grain coarsening and revegetation in debris flow occurrences after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Engineering Geology, 250, pp. 34-44, (2019)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Ma, S., Xu, C.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Ma, Siyuan (57190214231); Xu, Chong (35184309900)
57190214231; 35184309900
Applicability of Two Newmark Models in the Assessment of Coseismic Landslide Hazard and Estimation of Slope-Failure Probability: An Example of the 2008 Wenchuan M w 7.9 Earthquake Affected Area
(2019) Journal of Earth Science, 30 (5), pp. 1020 - 1030, Cited 31 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s12583-019-0874-0
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85073529564&doi=10.1007%2Fs12583-019-0874-0&partnerID=40&md5=2abf51a4a52e3911a410ad0787fccbe3

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Active Tectonics and Volcano, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: This paper presents the landslide hazard assessment and slope-failure function using two Newmark displacement models regressed by regional and global station records. Taking the 2008 Wenchuan M<inf>w</inf> 7.9 earthquake area as an example, based on the topographic and geological data of the study area, we prepared a factor-of-safety (Fs) map and a critical acceleration (a<inf>c</inf>) map, respectively. Then using these two simplified Newmark models, two displacement maps were compiled by combining the a<inf>c</inf> map and peak ground acceleration (PGA) map. By virtue of the actual landslide inventory of the W enchuan earthquake, we constructed the slope-failure probability curves of the two Newmark models. The results show that the abilities to predict landslide occurrence of the two simplified Newmark models are largely identical, by which the assessment results can well delineate the macroscopic distribution of coseismic landslides, and most predicted landslide cells are distributed on the two sides of the Beichuan-Yingxiu fault, especially Pengguan complex rock mass in the hanging wall of this fault. The probability equations of two Newmark models are roughly the same, though the parameters vary slightly. The probability equation proposed in this paper can be applied to the Wenchuan region and other areas with similar tectonic environments. © 2019, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan) and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, Part of Springer Nature.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Newmark displacement; peak ground acceleration (PGA); seismic landslides; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: coseismic process; earthquake event; earthquake magnitude; failure mechanism; ground motion; landslide; peak acceleration; probability; Sichuan earthquake 2008; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Bojadjieva, Julijana, Hazard and risk assessment of earthquake-induced landslides—case study, Landslides, 15, 1, pp. 161-171, (2018); 
Bray, Jonathan D., Simplified procedure for estimating earthquake-iInduced deviatoric slope displacements, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering - ASCE, 133, 4, pp. 381-392, (2007); 
Chen, Xiaoli, Critical acceleration as a criterion in seismic landslide susceptibility assessment, Geomorphology, 217, pp. 15-22, (2014); 
Chen, Xiaoli, Applying the Newmark's model to the assessment of earthquake-triggered landslides during the Lushan earthquake, Dizhen Dizhi, 35, 3, pp. 661-670, (2013); 
Chousianitis, Konstantinos G., Predictive model of Arias intensity and Newmark displacement for regional scale evaluation of earthquake-induced landslide hazard in Greece, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 65, pp. 11-29, (2014); 
Cui, Shenghua, Initiation of a large landslide triggered by Wenchuan earthquake based on ring shear tests, Yantu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 39, 12, pp. 2268-2277, (2017); 
Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011); 
Map of Active Tectonics in China, (2007); 
Di, Baofeng, A method predicting the earthquake-induced landslide risk by back analyses of past landslides and its application in the region of the Wenchuan 12/5/2008 earthquake, Natural Hazards, 85, 2, pp. 903-927, (2017); 
A Comparison of Methodologies Used to Predict Earthquake Induced Landslides, (2011)
PUBLISHER: China University of Geosciences
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Ni, Z., Yang, Z., Li, W., Zhao, Y., He, Z.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Ni, Zhongyun (16239096700); Yang, Zhenyu (55716579700); Li, Weile (25936551300); Zhao, Yinbing (8059876000); He, Zhengwei (7403885268)
16239096700; 55716579700; 25936551300; 8059876000; 7403885268
Decreasing trend of geohazards induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake inferred from time series NDVI data
(2019) Remote Sensing, 11 (19), art. no. 2192, Cited 22 times.
DOI: 10.3390/rs11192192
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85073434962&doi=10.3390%2Frs11192192&partnerID=40&md5=ff14d24e33c2191dbffb009e21b2c5f2

AFFILIATIONS: College of Resource Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing, Beijing, China; College of Tourism and Urban-Rural Planning, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: The occurrence of aftershocks and geohazards (landslides, collapses, and debris flows) decreases with time following a major earthquake. The 12 May 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake in Sichuan, China, provides the opportunity to characterize the subsequent spatiotemporal evolution of geohazards. Following the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake, the incidence of geohazards first increased sharply, representing a "post-earthquake effect", before starting to decrease. We compared the spatial distribution of the area affected by vegetation damage (AVD) triggered by large and medium-scale geohazards (LMG). We studied the interval prior to the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake (2001-2007), the co-seismic period (2008), and the post-earthquake interval (2009-2016) and characterized the trend of decreasing geohazards at a macro scale. In vegetated areas, geohazards often seriously damage the vegetation, resulting in pronounced contrasts with the surrounding surface in terms of color tone, texture, morphology, and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) which are evident in remote sensing images (RSI). In principle, it is possible to use the strong positive correlation between AVD and geohazards to determine indirectly the resulting vegetation and to monitor its spatiotemporal evolution. In this study we attempted to characterize the process of geohazard evolution in the region affected by the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake during 2001-2016. Our approach was to analyze the characteristics of areas with reduced vegetation coverage caused by LMG. Our principal findings are as follows: (i) Before the Wenchuan Earthquake (during 2001-2007), there was no evidence for a linear increase in the number of LMG with time; thus, the geological environment was relatively stable and the geohazards were mainly induced by rainfall events. (ii) The 12 May 2008Wenchuan Earthquake was the main cause of a surge in geohazards in 2008, with the characteristics of seismogenic faults and strong aftershocks determining the spatial distribution of geohazards. (iii) Following the 12 May 2008Wenchuan Earthquake (during 2009-2016) the incidence of geohazards exhibited an oscillating pattern of attenuation, with a decreasing trend of higher-grade seismic intensity. The intensity of geohazards was related to rainfall and seismogenic faults, and also to the number, magnitude and depth of new earthquakes following the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake. Our results provide a new perspective on the temporal pattern of attenuation of seismic geohazards, with implications for disaster prevention and mitigation and ecological restoration in the areas affected by the 12 May 2008Wenchuan Earthquake. © 2019 by the authors.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: 12 May 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake; Area affected by vegetation damage (AVD); Spatiotemporal evolution; Time series NDVI
INDEX KEYWORDS: Disaster prevention; Faulting; Hazards; Morphology; Rain; Remote sensing; Spatial distribution; Textures; Time series; Vegetation; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Disaster prevention and mitigations; Ecological restoration; Geological environment; Normalized difference vegetation index; Spatiotemporal evolution; Vegetation damage; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes
REFERENCES: Keefer, David K., LANDSLIDES CAUSED BY EARTHQUAKES., Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 95, 4, pp. 406-421, (1984); 
Görüm, Tolga, Complex rupture mechanism and topography control symmetry of mass-wasting pattern, 2010 Haiti earthquake, Geomorphology, 184, pp. 127-138, (2013); 
Papadopoulos, Gerassimos A., Magnitude-distance relations for earthquake-induced landslides in Greece, Engineering Geology, 58, 3-4, pp. 377-386, (2000); 
Roback, Kevin, The size, distribution, and mobility of landslides caused by the 2015 Mw7.8 Gorkha earthquake, Nepal, Geomorphology, 301, pp. 121-138, (2018); 
J Coll Sci Imp Univ Tokyo, (1894); 
Earth Monthly, (2001); 
Khazai, Bijan, Evaluation of factors controlling earthquake-induced landslides caused by Chi-Chi earthquake and comparison with the Northridge and Loma Prieta events, Engineering Geology, 71, 1-2, pp. 79-95, (2004); 
Koi, Takashi, Prolonged impact of earthquake-induced landslides on sediment yield in a mountain watershed: The Tanzawa region, Japan, Geomorphology, 101, 4, pp. 692-702, (2008); 
Lee, Chyityi Tyi, Statistical seismic landslide hazard analysis: An example from Taiwan, Engineering Geology, 182, PB, pp. 201-212, (2014); 
Sabo Against Earthquakes, (2000)
PUBLISHER: MDPI AG indexing@mdpi.com Postfach Basel CH-4005
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS; GREEN ACCEPTED OPEN ACCESS; GREEN OPEN ACCESS

Jin, K.P., Yao, L., Cheng, Q.-G., Xing, A.G.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Jin, Kaiping (57210475076); Yao, Lingkan (7201688064); Cheng, Qiangong (7202918113); Xing, Aiguo (7004119237)
57210475076; 7201688064; 7202918113; 7004119237
Seismic landslides hazard zoning based on the modified Newmark model: a case study from the Lushan earthquake, China
(2019) Natural Hazards, 99 (1), pp. 493 - 509, Cited 27 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11069-019-03754-6
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85070801489&doi=10.1007%2Fs11069-019-03754-6&partnerID=40&md5=378f87f0c5ca2d728681b501c0ab38f6

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering, Shanghai, China; College of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Department of Geological Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Seismically triggered landslides can cause great damage to the road construction in mountainous areas. The permanent displacement analysis based on Newmark sliding-block model can evaluate risk of these landslides from the perspective of deformation damage and overall failure probability of slopes. However, the sliding-block model does not consider the attenuation effect of the shear strength on the sliding surface during earthquake, causing the calculated value of Jibson method to be less than the actual value. Therefore, the Newmark model was modified by adding attenuation coefficients to the effective internal friction angle and the effective cohesion of geologic units. The landslide areal density was proposed for hazard zoning with the Wenchuan earthquake data. The results showed that the predicted values agreed well with the real distribution of the landslides triggered by the Lushan earthquake. The proposed hazard zoning method in this paper can predict the severity of seismic landslides in consideration of the environmental changes in mountainous regions after the earthquake and provide support for the site selection in highly seismic areas. © 2019, Springer Nature B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Hazard zoning method; Landslide areal density; Modified Newmark model; Seismically triggered landslides
INDEX KEYWORDS: earthquake catalogue; landslide; Lushan earthquake 2013; seismic attenuation; seismic hazard; trigger mechanism; zoning system; China
REFERENCES: Al-Homoud, Azm S., Comparison between predictions using different simplified Newmarks' block-on-plane models and field values of earthquake induced displacements, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 19, 2, pp. 73-90, (2000); 
Ambraseys, Nicholas N., Earthquake‐induced ground displacements, Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 16, 7, pp. 985-1006, (1988); 
Ambraseys, Nicholas N., Attenuation of earthquake‐induced ground displacements, Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 23, 5, pp. 467-487, (1994); 
Bray, Jonathan D., Simplified procedure for estimating earthquake-iInduced deviatoric slope displacements, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering - ASCE, 133, 4, pp. 381-392, (2007); 
Coal Geol China, (2011); 
Formation Mechanism and Risk Control in Wenchuan Earthquake of Mountain Disaster, (2011); 
Decanini, Luis Domingo, An energy-based methodology for the assessment of seismic demand, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 21, 2, pp. 113-137, (2001); 
Duan, Shusu, Predominant direction and mechanism of landslides triggered by Lushan earthquake, Xinan Jiaotong Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University, 50, 3, pp. 428-434, (2015); 
Görüm, Tolga, Distribution pattern of earthquake-induced landslides triggered by the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Geomorphology, 133, 3-4, pp. 152-167, (2011); 
Huang, Runqiu, Research on development and distribution rules of geohazards induced by Wenchuan earthquake on 12th May, 2008, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 27, 12, pp. 2585-2592, (2008)
PUBLISHER: Springer Netherlands rbk@louisiana.edu
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zhou, W., Fang, J., Tang, C., Yang, G.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhou, Wei (55443778400); Fang, Jiaoyong (57209799025); Tang, Chuan (35932953300); Yang, Genyun (57209799557)
55443778400; 57209799025; 35932953300; 57209799557
Empirical relationships for the estimation of debris flow runout distances on depositional fans in the Wenchuan earthquake zone
(2019) Journal of Hydrology, 577, art. no. 123932, Cited 29 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.123932
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85068806605&doi=10.1016%2Fj.jhydrol.2019.123932&partnerID=40&md5=f8bc6ac2248bd0ddf4fccf7dfcde5379

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: The Wenchuan area has become highly susceptible to landslides and debris flows since the earthquake occurred on 2008. A detailed debris flow hazard assessment is necessary to provide information for future risk management. Debris flow runout on a depositional fan is an important factor for assessing debris flow hazard, and its estimate becomes essential for the planning of the mitigation works that must be built. We therefore developed two simple empirical relationships based both on univariate and multivariate approaches, which provide the runout distance using the data for 134 channelized debris flow events in 134 catchments in the Wenchuan earthquake zone. We generated a correlation matrix of the debris flow runout distances and the relevant variables. Because of the high correlations, the independent variable debris flow volume (V<inf>D</inf>) was selected for the univariate approach. Using a multicollinearity analysis and a stepwise regression technique, the catchment (basin) internal relief (H), and V<inf>D</inf> were used to develop a multivariate runout relationship. The coefficients of the variables were obtained using 80% of the dataset (training dataset); the remaining 20% was used for test of estimated performance by comparing the computed runout distances with observed values. The validation demonstrated that the proposed relationships are suitable for estimating the runout distances of debris flows on depositional fans in the Wenchuan earthquake zone. The univariate runout relationship has the advantage of being simple, whereas the multivariate runout relationship provides higher accuracy. Additionally we rearranged and reformulated existing relationships using the same training dataset and compared the results with those from the relationships here proposed. The estimations provided by our relationships were the closest to the observed values. The presented approaches may be applied to estimate debris flow runout distances in other areas after they are retrained using local datasets. © 2019 Elsevier B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Channelized debris flow; Depositional fan; Regression analysis; Runout distance; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Catchments; Deposition; Earthquakes; Hazards; Regression analysis; Risk assessment; Risk management; Runoff; Statistical tests; Debris flow hazards; Debris flows; Empirical relationships; Independent variables; Multivariate approach; Runout distances; Stepwise regression; Wenchuan Earthquake; Debris; debris flow; deposition; empirical analysis; estimation method; fan delta; hazard assessment; hazard management; landslide; regression analysis; risk assessment; seismic zone; Sichuan earthquake 2008
REFERENCES: Abancó, Clàudia, Estimate of the debris-flow entrainment using field and topographical data, Natural Hazards, 71, 1, pp. 363-383, (2014); 
Armanini, Aronne, Two-dimensional simulation of debris flows in erodible channels, Computers and Geosciences, 35, 5, pp. 993-1006, (2009); 
Bernard, M., Model-based approach for design and performance evaluation of works controlling stony debris flows with an application to a case study at Rovina di Cancia (Venetian Dolomites, Northeast Italy), Science of the Total Environment, 688, pp. 1373-1388, (2019); 
Berti, Matteo, Experimental evidences and numerical modelling of debris flow initiated by channel runoff, Landslides, 2, 3, pp. 171-182, (2005); 
Berti, Matteo, Prediction of debris flow inundation areas using empirical mobility relationships, Geomorphology, 90, 1-2, pp. 144-161, (2007); 
Berti, Matteo, DFLOWZ: A free program to evaluate the area potentially inundated by a debris flow, Computers and Geosciences, 67, pp. 14-23, (2014); 
Boreggio, Mauro, Evaluating the differences of gridding techniques for digital elevation models generation and their influence on the modeling of stony debris flows routing: A case study from rovina di cancia basin (North-eastern Italian alps), Frontiers in Earth Science, 6, (2018); 
Bovis, Michael J., The role of debris supply conditions in predicting debris flow activity, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 24, 11, pp. 1039-1054, (1999); 
Burton, A., Physically based modelling of shallow landslide sediment yield at a catchment scale, Environmental Geology, 35, 2-3, pp. 89-99, (1998); 
Proceedings of Conference Xx International Erosion Control Association, (1989)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

He, M., Ribeiro e Sousa, L., Müller, A.L., Vargas, E., Leal Sousa, R.L., Oliveira, C.S., Gong, W.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: He, Manchao (7402609116); Ribeiro e Sousa, Luís Ribeiroe (34969627600); Müller, André Luís (57199147106); Vargas, Euripedes A. (56435670600); Leal Sousa, Rita Leal E. (54794519500); Oliveira, Carlos Sousa (7202422562); Gong, Weili (56048566800)
7402609116; 34969627600; 57199147106; 56435670600; 54794519500; 7202422562; 56048566800
Numerical and safety considerations about the Daguangbao landslide induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake
(2019) Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, 11 (5), pp. 1019 - 1035, Cited 36 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jrmge.2019.05.004
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85068528723&doi=10.1016%2Fj.jrmge.2019.05.004&partnerID=40&md5=64857e7e4154926a1ed16008707372f0

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Deep Underground Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology, Beijing, Beijing, China; Tongji University, Shanghai, China; Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Instituto Superior Técnico, Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
ABSTRACT: The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake resulted in a large number of fatalities and caused significant economic losses. Thousands of landslides, many of which are very large, were triggered by the earthquake. A majority of catastrophic landslides were distributed along the central Longmenshan fault system, at the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. Some of the landslides resulted in sudden damming of rivers causing flooding, which in turn induced secondary sliding disasters. Among the most significant landslides, the Daguangbao landslide was the largest in volume with the maximum thickness. For this, a numerical model of the Daguangbao landslide, using the material point method (MPM), was developed to simulate the interaction of the seismic loads imposed on the slope. The numerical results then are compared with the post-earthquake profile. As a consequence of the landslide, a nearly vertical head scarp with a maximum height of about 700 m was generated. This is considered as a high risk situation that requires constant monitoring and evaluation. Finally, we propose a methodology based on Bayesian networks (BNs) to manage the risk associated with the stability of the rockwall at the Daguangbao landslide site. © 2019 Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Daguangbao landslide; Longmenshan fault; Material point method (MPM); Rockwall; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Bayesian analysis; catastrophic event; fault zone; landslide; numerical model; Sichuan earthquake 2008; slope failure; trigger mechanism; China; Longmenshan Fault Zone; Qinghai-Xizang Plateau; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Abe, Keita, Analytical study of seismic slope behavior in a large-scale shaking table model test using FEM and MPM, 2, pp. 1407-1410, (2013); 
Bardenhagen, Scott G., The generalized interpolation material point method, CMES - Computer Modeling in Engineering and Sciences, 5, 6, pp. 477-495, (2004); 
Bhandari, Tushar, Numerical modelling of seismic slope failure using MPM, Computers and Geotechnics, 75, pp. 126-134, (2016); 
3dm Analyst Case Study, (2005); 
Brackbill, Jeremiah U., FLIP: A method for adaptively zoned, particle-in-cell calculations of fluid flows in two dimensions, Journal of Computational Physics, 65, 2, pp. 314-343, (1986); 
Proceedings of the 64th Highway Geology Symposium, (2013); 
Burchfiel, B. Clark, A geological and geophysical context for the Wenchuan earthquake of 12 May 2008, Sichuan, People's Republic of China, GSA Today, 18, 7, pp. 4-11, (2008); 
Chen, Xiaoli, Evaluation of factors controlling large earthquake-induced landslides by the Wenchuan earthquake, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 12, 12, pp. 3645-3657, (2012); 
Intech, (2011); 
Landslides Investigation and Mitigation, (1996)
PUBLISHER: Chinese Academy of Sciences rockgeotech@whrsm.ac.cn
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Huang, D., Song, Y.-X., Ma, G.W., Pei, X., Huang, R.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Huang, Da (55079254000); Song, Yixiang (57190386188); Ma, Guowei (7202152174); Pei, Xiangjun (14058672500); Huang, Runqiu (55835407700)
55079254000; 57190386188; 7202152174; 14058672500; 55835407700
Numerical modeling of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake-triggered Niumiangou landslide considering effects of pore-water pressure
(2019) Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 78 (7), pp. 4713 - 4729, Cited 26 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s10064-018-01433-7
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85057973796&doi=10.1007%2Fs10064-018-01433-7&partnerID=40&md5=32e09f5c79cddee0618e2e77a2364ebd

AFFILIATIONS: School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China; State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: Ring-shear experiments are commonly conducted to analyze the kinematic mechanisms of landslides triggered by earthquakes, particularly for landslides impacted by pore-water pressure near the grain-crushing sliding surface. However, pore-water pressure is rarely considered in numerical simulation of the post-failure behavior of earthquake-induced landslides. In this paper, a pore-water pressure model based on the results of ring-shear tests (Cui et al. Landslides 14(3):1–15, 2016) is incorporated into the discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA) for modeling and further understanding the initiation and motion behaviors of the Niumiangou landslide triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. The pore-water pressure can be recalculated in each time step before the sliding block is detached from the base in the source area, and the friction coefficient of the sliding surface is simultaneously updated according to the pore-water pressure ratio in the modified DDA. The modified pore-water pressure DDA (PWP-DDA) is validated by means of comparison with the analytical results of the dynamic behaviors of a sliding block on an inclined plane under dynamic acceleration. The simulation results indicate that the pore-water pressure on the sliding surface of the Niumiangou landslide sharply increases within a short period, with small relative displacement of the landslide. Relative to the simulated results from the unmodified DDA, the pore-water pressure calculated by the PWP-DDA promotes higher velocity and longer run-out of the sliding mass. Moreover, the modeling run-out and deposit pattern from the PWP-DDA are in basic agreement with the topography of an actual survey. © 2018, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Discontinuous deformation analysis; Earthquake-induced landslide; Niumiangou landslide; Pore-water pressure; Ring-shear experiment
INDEX KEYWORDS: Deformation; Earthquakes; Friction; Landslides; Numerical models; Pressure distribution; Water; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Discontinuous deformation analysis; Earthquake-induced landslides; Friction coefficients; Pore water pressure model; Pore water pressure ratios; Pore-water pressures; Ring shear; Pore pressure; deformation; earthquake trigger; landslide; numerical model; pore pressure; porewater; Sichuan earthquake 2008; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Crosta, Giovanni Battista, Numerical modelling of large landslides stability and runout, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 3, 6, pp. 523-538, (2003); 
Cui, Shenghua, Initiation of a large landslide triggered by Wenchuan earthquake based on ring shear tests, Yantu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 39, 12, pp. 2268-2277, (2017); 
Cui, Shenghua, On the initiation and movement mechanisms of a catastrophic landslide triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan (Ms 8.0) earthquake in the epicenter area, Landslides, 14, 3, pp. 805-819, (2017); 
Cundall, Peter A., A discrete numerical model for granular assemblies, Geotechnique, 29, 1, pp. 47-65, (1979); 
Dang, Khang, Mechanism of two rapid and long-runout landslides in the 16 April 2016 Kumamoto earthquake using a ring-shear apparatus and computer simulation (LS-RAPID), Landslides, 13, 6, pp. 1525-1534, (2016); 
Di Toro, Giulio, Natural and experimental evidence of melt lubrication of faults during earthquakes, Science, 311, 5761, pp. 647-649, (2006); 
Earthquake Induced Landslides, (2013); 
Ferri, Fabio, Low- to high-velocity frictional properties of the clay-rich gouges from the slipping zone of the 1963 Vaiont slide, northern Italy, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 116, 9, (2011); 
Ferri, Fabio, Evidence of thermal pressurization in high-velocity friction experiments on smectite-rich gouges, Terra Nova, 22, 5, pp. 347-353, (2010); 
Gerolymos, Nikos A., Constitutive model for 1-D cyclic soil behaviour applied to seismic analysis of layered deposits, Soils and Foundations, 45, 3, pp. 147-159, (2005)
PUBLISHER: Springer Verlag service@springer.de
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Getahun, E., Qi, S., Guo, S., Zou, Y., Liang, N.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Getahun, Ephrem (57210885261); Qi, Shengwen (55411952900); Guo, Songfeng (55961479200); Zou, Yu (56461882000); Liang, Ning (55961570400)
57210885261; 55411952900; 55961479200; 56461882000; 55961570400
Characteristics of grain size distribution and the shear strength analysis of Chenjiaba long runout coseismic landslide
(2019) Journal of Mountain Science, 16 (9), pp. 2110 - 2125, Cited 15 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11629-019-5535-3
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85071742527&doi=10.1007%2Fs11629-019-5535-3&partnerID=40&md5=d936b251d08f6352d484951acdc3149a

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Shale Gas and Geoengineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; Institutions of Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Geology, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
ABSTRACT: Study on the grain size distribution characteristics and the frictional strength behavior of the slide deposits are helpful to disclose the landslide runout process and understand the mechanism of a long runout landslide. We performed grain size distribution analysis on samples collected from Chenjiaba landslide induced by Wenchuan earthquake. The grain size distribution of samples from the landslide sections quantitatively depicts a gradual coarsening upward grading from shear zone to the top section. Then a multistage - multiphase ring shearing approach was used to determine a comparative shear strength behavior of samples from each landslide section. In this method, a sample was sheared continuously for large displacement and fast rate on different normal stress conditions. The multiphase shear mode with a maximum of 105 mm/min rate has allowed observing the qualitative change and patterns of the frictional resistance behaviors of soils under different normal stresses. The results of coefficient of friction values under multiphase shear mode have shown substantial post peak shear weakening behaviors after large shear displacement that can be narrated with long runout processes. The shear strength test results indicate that the shear zone samples have developed higher friction angle values compared to overlying section samples, on the last phase of shear process, which may be very important to understand the braking mechanism of a long runout landslide. © 2019, Science Press, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, CAS and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Grain size distribution; Landslide; Long runout; Multistage-Multiphase; Ring Shear
INDEX KEYWORDS: coseismic process; earthquake engineering; earthquake mechanism; friction; grain size; landslide; quantitative analysis; seismicity; shear strength; shear zone; Sichuan earthquake 2008; size distribution; soil mechanics; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Standard Practice for Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes Unified Soil Classification System, (2006); 
Standard Test Method for Torsional Ring Shear Test to Determine Drained Residual Shear Strength of Cohesive Soils, (2013); 
Bhat, Deepak Raj, Strength Recovery from Residual-State of Shear on Soils, Indian Geotechnical Journal, 44, 1, pp. 94-100, (2014); 
Bishop, Alan W., A new ring shear apparatus and its application to the measurement of residual strength, Geotechnique, 21, 4, pp. 273-328, (1971); 
Bromhead, Edward Nicholas, SIMPLE RING SHEAR APPARATUS., Ground Engineering, 12, 5, pp. 40-44, (1979); 
Natural and Artificial Rockslide Dams, (2011); 
Deng, Qidong, Discussion of rupture mechanisms on the seismogenic fault of the 2008 Ms8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, Science China Earth Sciences, 54, 9, pp. 1360-1377, (2011); 
Du, Yi, Wenchuan earthquake surface fault rupture and disaster: A lesson on seismic hazard assessment and mitigation, International Journal of Geophysics, 2012, (2012); 
Natural and Artificial Rockslide Dams, (2011); 
Eid, Hisham T., Residual shear strength of fine-grained soils and soil–solid interfaces at low effective normal stresses, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 52, 2, pp. 198-210, (2015)
PUBLISHER: Science Press yanmh@neigae.ac.cn
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Tang, R., Fan, X., Scaringi, G., Xu, Q., Van Westen, C.J., Ren, J., Havenith, H.-B.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Tang, Ran (25639104000); Fan, Xuanmei (12752112800); Scaringi, Gianvito (56335047900); Xu, Qiang (56506033600); Van Westen, Cees J. (6701664942); Ren, Jing (57203886146); Havenith, Hans Balder (6602586631)
25639104000; 12752112800; 56335047900; 56506033600; 6701664942; 57203886146; 6602586631
Distinctive controls on the distribution of river-damming and non-damming landslides induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake
(2019) Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 78 (6), pp. 4075 - 4093, Cited 20 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s10064-018-1381-8
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85053421398&doi=10.1007%2Fs10064-018-1381-8&partnerID=40&md5=4f9b28ff4f498bbcac14c42bafeb25be

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation – ITC, Enschede, Overijssel, Netherlands; Géorisques et Environnement, Université de Liège, Liege, WLG, Belgium
ABSTRACT: The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake (China, M<inf>w</inf> 7.9) highlighted the importance of assessing and mitigating the hazards from co-seismic landslides and landslide dams. The seismic shaking triggered hundreds of thousands of landslides, about 800 of which dammed the course of rivers. To understand whether distinctive factors concurred with the river-damming events, we analyzed the spatial patterns of the river-damming landslides and the non-damming landslides separately, with reference to a number of possible controlling factors. Then, we quantified the significance of these factors using the weight of evidence method, and we used the results to perform a susceptibility assessment in a portion of the earthquake-affected region to verify the effectiveness of the method. We find that the distance to the fault surface rupture, peak ground acceleration (PGA) and lithology play a controlling role for co-seismic landslides of any type. The occurrence of river-damming landslides, rather than by a specific lithology or topography, is more related to hydrological factors, while topographic controls (slope, internal relief and terrain roughness) are more significant for the non-damming landslides. © 2018, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Controlling factors; Landslide; Landslide dam; Weight of evidence; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Landslides; Lithology; Rivers; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Controlling factors; Hydrological factors; Landslide dam; Peak ground acceleration; Topographic control; Weight of evidences; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes; coseismic process; earthquake trigger; landslide; lithology; peak acceleration; seismic hazard; Sichuan earthquake 2008; spatial analysis; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Armaş, Iuliana, Weights of evidence method for landslide susceptibility mapping. Prahova Subcarpathians, Romania, Natural Hazards, 60, 3, pp. 937-950, (2012); 
Ashford, Scott A., Analysis of topographic amplification of inclined shear waves in a steep coastal bluff, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 87, 3, pp. 692-700, (1997); 
Ayalew, Lulseged, The application of GIS-based logistic regression for landslide susceptibility mapping in the Kakuda-Yahiko Mountains, Central Japan, Geomorphology, 65, 1-2, pp. 15-31, (2005); 
Geologic Map and Map Database of Western Sonoma Northernmost Marin and Southernmost Mendocino Counties California, (2002); 
Geographic Information Systems for Geoscientists Modelling with GIS, (1994); 
Statistical Applications in the Earth Sciences, (1989); 
Brenning, Alexander, Spatial prediction models for landslide hazards: Review, comparison and evaluation, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 5, 6, pp. 853-862, (2005); 
Burchfiel, B. Clark, A geological and geophysical context for the Wenchuan earthquake of 12 May 2008, Sichuan, People's Republic of China, GSA Today, 18, 7, pp. 4-11, (2008); 
Burchfiel, B. Clark, Tectonics of the Longmen Shan and Adjacent Regions, Central China, International Geology Review, 37, 8, pp. 661-735, (1995); 
Castellanos, Enrique A., Qualitative landslide susceptibility assessment by multicriteria analysis: A case study from San Antonio del Sur, Guantánamo, Cuba, Geomorphology, 94, 3-4, pp. 453-466, (2008)
PUBLISHER: Springer Verlag service@springer.de
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; BRONZE OPEN ACCESS; GREEN ACCEPTED OPEN ACCESS; GREEN OPEN ACCESS

Horton, A.J., Hales, T.C., Ouyang, C., Fan, X.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Horton, Alexander J. (57194219125); Hales, Tristram Charles (9741921500); Ouyang, Chaojun (23390621600); Fan, Xuanmei (12752112800)
57194219125; 9741921500; 23390621600; 12752112800
Identifying post-earthquake debris flow hazard using Massflow
(2019) Engineering Geology, 258, art. no. 105134, Cited 67 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2019.05.011
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85066026339&doi=10.1016%2Fj.enggeo.2019.05.011&partnerID=40&md5=422fc110ae6d47b7ac945b189f7179a4

AFFILIATIONS: School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, South Glamorgan, Wales, United Kingdom; Sustainable Places Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, South Glamorgan, Wales, United Kingdom; Water and Development Research Group, Aalto University, Espoo, Uusimaa, Finland; Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; Institute of Mountain Hazard and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Catastrophic debris flows are common after large earthquakes and pose a significant risk for recovering communities. The depositional volume of these large debris flows is often much greater than the initiation volume, suggesting that bulking of the flow plays an important role in determining their volume, speed, and runout distance. Observations from recent earthquakes have driven progress in understanding the relationship between triggering rainfall events and the timing of post-earthquake debris flows. However, we lack an adequate mechanism for quantifying bulking and applying it within a hazard context. Here we apply a 2D dynamic debris flow model (Massflow) that incorporates a process-based expression of basal entrainment to understand how debris flow bulking may occur within post-earthquake catchments and develop hazard maps. Focussing on catchments in the epicentral area of the 2008 M<inf>w</inf> 7.9 Wenchuan Earthquake, we first parameterised the model based on a large debris flow that occurred within the Hongchun catchment, before applying the calibrated model to adjoining catchments. A model sensitivity analysis identified three main controls on debris flow bulking; the saturation level of entrainable material along the flow pathway, and the size and position of initial mass failures. The model demonstrates that the difference between small and very large debris flows occur across a narrow range of pore-water ratios (λ). Below λ = 0.65 flows falter at the base of hillslopes and come to rest in the valley bottom, above λ = 0.70 they build sufficient mass and momentum to sustain channelised flow and transport large volumes of material beyond the valley confines. Finally, we applied the model across different catchments to develop hazard maps that demonstrate the utility of Massflow in post-earthquake planning within the Wenchuan epicentral region. © 2019
INDEX KEYWORDS: Catchments; Earthquakes; Hazards; Runoff; Sensitivity analysis; Debris flow hazards; Epicentral region; Flow and transport; Large earthquakes; Model sensitivity analysis; Saturation levels; Size and position; Wenchuan Earthquake; Debris; debris flow; deposition; earthquake; earthquake epicenter; entrainment; geological hazard; hillslope; Sichuan earthquake 2008; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Benda, Lee E., Stochastic forcing of sediment supply to channel networks from landsliding and debris flow, Water Resources Research, 33, 12, pp. 2849-2863, (1997); 
Berger, Catherine, Direct measurement of channel erosion by debris flows, Illgraben, Switzerland, Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 116, 1, (2011); 
Braun, Anika, Numerical SPH analysis of debris flow run-out and related river damming scenarios for a local case study in SW China, Landslides, 15, 3, pp. 535-550, (2018); 
Burchfiel, B. Clark, Tectonics of the Longmen Shan and Adjacent Regions, Central China, International Geology Review, 37, 8, pp. 661-735, (1995); 
Cascini, Leonardo, Spatial and temporal occurrence of rainfall-induced shallow landslides of flow type: A case of Sarno-Quindici, Italy, Geomorphology, 126, 1-2, pp. 148-158, (2011); 
Cascini, Leonardo, SPH-FDM propagation and pore water pressure modelling for debris flows in flume tests, Engineering Geology, 213, pp. 74-83, (2016); 
Chang, Ming, Hazard assessment of debris flows in the Wenchuan earthquake-stricken area, South West China, Landslides, 14, 5, pp. 1783-1792, (2017); 
Chen, H. Joanna, Erosional effects on runout of fast landslides, debris flows and avalanches: A numerical investigation, Geotechnique, 56, 5, pp. 305-322, (2006); 
Cuomo, Sabatino, Interplay of rheology and entrainment in debris avalanches: A numerical study, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 51, 11, pp. 1318-1330, (2014); 
Cuomo, Sabatino, Modelling the space–time evolution of bed entrainment for flow-like landslides, Engineering Geology, 212, pp. 10-20, (2016)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GREEN ACCEPTED OPEN ACCESS; GREEN OPEN ACCESS; HYBRID GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Ma, S., Xu, C., Xiwei, X.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Ma, Siyuan (57190214231); Xu, Chong (35184309900); Xiwei, Xu (8246843900)
57190214231; 35184309900; 8246843900
Volume expansion rates of seismic landslides and influencing factors: A case study of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake
(2019) Journal of Mountain Science, 16 (8), pp. 1731 - 1742, Cited 7 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11629-019-5479-7
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85073640794&doi=10.1007%2Fs11629-019-5479-7&partnerID=40&md5=466dec6c244dad7db86e39d610ad6e66

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Active Tectonics and Volcano, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China; Institute of Crustal Dynamics, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: When a big landside occurs, source material can change into loose deposit during its runout, causing the increase of the total landslide volume to some extent. Such changes can influence the quantification of seismic landslides. The objective of this paper was to study the volume expansion rate of landslides based on the data of 1417 co-seismic landslides triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan, China M<inf>w</inf> 7.9 earthquake. We also analyzed the correlations between this rate and landslide geometric parameters (volume, height (H), length-width ratio (L/W), length-height ratio (L/H)), and environmental factors (peak ground acceleration (PGA), lithology, slope angle and aspect). The results show that the total source volume of the 1417 landslides is 1248 million m3, while the total volume of the deposit is 1501 million m3, which means the total volume expanding rate (E<inf>t</inf>) is 20.3% with the average volume expansion rate (E<inf>a</inf>) 22.6%. The analysis indicates that volume expansion rate generally decreases with the increasing volume and height of landslides, while becoming larger with increasing L/H and L/W. Besides, the volume expansion rate is closely related to the landslide type and the volume scale of landslides. This study analyses volume change of co-seismic landslides deeply, permitting to help the correct quantification of the source volume and deposit volume of seismic landslide and a useful reference for the correct quantification of landslide volume. © 2019, Science Press, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, CAS and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Influencing factors; Landslide volume; Volume expansion rate; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: coseismic process; landslide; seismicity; Sichuan earthquake 2008; volume change; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Berthier, Etienne, SPOT5-HRS digital elevation models and the monitoring of glacier elevation changes in North-West Canada and South-East Alaska, Remote Sensing of Environment, 112, 5, pp. 2443-2454, (2008); 
Ten-Brink, Uri S.U.S., Size distribution of submarine landslides and its implication to tsunami hazard in Puerto Rico, Geophysical Research Letters, 33, 11, (2006); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2011); 
Cruden, David M., Landslide types and processes, Special Report - National Research Council, Transportation Research Board, 247, pp. 36-75, (1996); 
Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011); 
Geertsema, Marten, A large rockslide - Debris avalanche in cohesive soil at Pink Mountain, northeastern British Columbia, Canada, Engineering Geology, 83, 1-3, pp. 64-75, (2006); 
Guthrie, R. H., Analysis of landslide frequencies and characteristics in a natural system, coastal British Columbia, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 29, 11, pp. 1321-1339, (2004); 
Guzzetti, Fausto, Landslide volumes and landslide mobilization rates in Umbria, central Italy, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 279, 3-4, pp. 222-229, (2009); 
Highland, Lynn M., The landslide Handbook - A guide to understanding landslides, US Geological Survey Circular, 1325, pp. 1-147, (2008); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2008)
PUBLISHER: Science Press yanmh@neigae.ac.cn
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Qu, H., Wang, C., Zhang, G., Liu, Y., Luo, H., Mei, Q.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Qu, Honglue (41662094100); Wang, Chenxu (57211833321); Zhang, Gulan (57218001762); Liu, Ying (57194158452); Luo, Hao (57194162501); Mei, Qian (57211342028)
41662094100; 57211833321; 57218001762; 57194158452; 57194162501; 57211342028
Seismic damage mechanism of bedrock and overburden layer slope reinforced by sheet pile wall
(2019) Journal of Geophysics and Engineering, 16 (4), pp. 667 - 679, Cited 15 times.
DOI: 10.1093/jge/gxz032
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85073504112&doi=10.1093%2Fjge%2Fgxz032&partnerID=40&md5=08ebbf8d010ca75f266c7b64653d3930

AFFILIATIONS: School of Geoscience and Technology, Southwest Petroleum University China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Chengdu, China; Sixth Company, China Southwest Geotechnical Investigation and Design Institute Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: Sheet pile walls, widely used in landslide control projects, have demonstrated excellent seismic performance during the great Wenchuan earthquake, as indicated by an investigation of retaining walls following earthquake damage. To further understand the mechanism of seismic damage based on the Hilbert-Huang transform method and marginal spectrum identification theory, a large-scale shaking table test of bedrock and overburden layer slope reinforced by sheet pile wall was carried out, and the mechanism of seismic damage was analysed. The results show that the change in marginal spectrum amplitude and characteristic frequency can clearly indicate the degree of seismic damage to the slope soil. First, the dynamic response of the slope soil near sheet pile wall is smaller than the response observed in soil farther from the wall, and the degree of seismic damage near the wall is relatively weaker than that farther away from the wall. Second, the energy of the seismic wave cannot be completely transferred behind the wall, and the strip cracks of soil behind the wall can be determined. Finally, the slope soil slides along a slip surface so that the front edge of the slope is squeezed due to the vertical tensile cracks at the rear edge. In addition, the results confirm the feasibility of the Hilbert-Huang transform method for studying the mechanism of the seismic damage to the structure-soil coupling system. © 2019 The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Sinopec Geophysical Research Institute.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: dynamic response characteristics; Hilbert-Huang transform; seismic damage mechanism; shaking table test; sheet pile wall
INDEX KEYWORDS: bedrock; dynamic response; earthquake damage; reinforcement; shaking table test; Sichuan earthquake 2008; slope dynamics; transform
REFERENCES: Fan, Gang, Dynamic Response and Dynamic Failure Mode of a Weak Intercalated Rock Slope Using a Shaking Table, Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 49, 8, pp. 3243-3256, (2016); 
Huang, Norden E., The empirical mode decomposition and the Hubert spectrum for nonlinear and non-stationary time series analysis, Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 454, 1971, pp. 903-995, (1998); 
Huang, Norden E., Applications of Hilbert-Huang transform to non-stationary financial time series analysis, Applied Stochastic Models in Business and Industry, 19, 3, pp. 245-268, (2003); 
Jia, Hongyu, Probabilistic pounding analysis of high-pier continuous rigid frame bridge with actual site conditions, Earthquake and Structures, 15, 2, pp. 193-202, (2018); 
Kizhner, Semion, On the hilbert-huang transform data processing system development, IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings, 3, pp. 1961-1978, (2004); 
Madhavi Latha, G., Seismic response of reduced-scale modular block and rigid faced reinforced walls through shaking table tests, Geotextiles and Geomembranes, 43, 4, pp. 307-316, (2021); 
Lin, Yuliang, Response of gravity retaining wall with anchoring frame beam supporting a steep rock slope subjected to earthquake loading, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 92, pp. 633-649, (2017); 
Phani Madabhushi, Gopal Santana, Seismic response of flexible cantilever retaining walls with dry backfill, Geomechanics and Geoengineering, 1, 4, pp. 275-289, (2006); 
Masini, Luca, An interpretation of the seismic behaviour of reinforced-earth retaining structures, Geotechnique, 65, 5, pp. 349-358, (2015); 
Newmark, Nathan M., Effects of earthquakes on dams and embankments, Geotechnique, 15, 2, pp. 139-160, (1965)
PUBLISHER: Oxford University Press info@idsociety.org
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Chang, M., Dou, X., Tang, C., Li, N., Fan, X.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Chang, Ming (36727157900); Dou, Xiangyang (57196153451); Tang, Chuan (35932953300); Li, Ning (57211181445); Fan, Xuanmei (12752112800)
36727157900; 57196153451; 35932953300; 57211181445; 12752112800
Hazard Assessment of Typical Debris Flow Induced by Rainfall Intensity 降雨驱动泥石流危险性评价
(2019) Diqiu Kexue - Zhongguo Dizhi Daxue Xuebao/Earth Science - Journal of China University of Geosciences, 44 (8), pp. 2794 - 2802, Cited 11 times.
DOI: 10.3799/dqkx.2017.547
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85072886477&doi=10.3799%2Fdqkx.2017.547&partnerID=40&md5=e2e4f1e34e249741aa4e4f70dcda044b

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: A large number of landslides and rock falls were produced in the meizoseismal area by the"5•12" Wenchuan earthquake. If an extreme rainfall occurred, lots of materials could be transformed into debris flow, with larger size and higher damage degree than expected. On 13th October 2010, debris flow occurred in Bayi gully in Dujiangyan County under rainstorm condition, destroying dam, burying road, houses and farms, and seriously affecting the daily life of local people. In order to reduce these damage, Bayi gully was selected as the research object. Combined debris flow intensity under the different rainfall frequency and period of the outbreak, this paper aims to obtain Bayi gully hazard assessment by the FLO-2D numerical simulation. First, the Bayi gully numerical simulation accuracy can reach 77% according to field test. Then, according to the different frequency of rainfall (5 years, 20 years, 50 years, 100 years, 200 years) and the debris flow velocity and deposit depth, the hazard assessment model is established. Finally, the hazard map of Bayi gully is obtained. The results show that the high hazard area accounted for 62% in the Bayi gully, the medium hazard area accounted for 28%, and the low hazard area accounted for 10%. The hazard assessment of Bayi gully can provide a reliable basis for the post-disaster reconstruction and the key area prevention. © 2019, Editorial Department of Earth Science. All right reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Bayi gully mud flow; Engineering geology; FLO-2D; Hazard assessment; Rainfall frequency
INDEX KEYWORDS: Debris; Disaster prevention; Earthquakes; Engineering geology; Flow velocity; Numerical models; Rain; Rock bursts; Storms; Different frequency; Hazard Assessment; Mud flow; Post-disaster reconstruction; Rainfall frequency; Rainfall intensity; Rainstorm condition; Wenchuan Earthquake; Landforms
REFERENCES: Chang, Ming, Debris flow susceptibility assessment using a probabilistic approach: A case study in the Longchi area, Sichuan province, China, Journal of Mountain Science, 11, 4, pp. 1001-1014, (2014); 
Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, (2014); 
Christen, Marc, RAMMS: Numerical simulation of dense snow avalanches in three-dimensional terrain, Cold Regions Science and Technology, 63, 1-2, pp. 1-14, (2010); 
Progress in Geography, (2016); 
Dai, Fuchu, Landslide risk assessment and management: An overview, Engineering Geology, 64, 1, pp. 65-87, (2002); 
Du, Jun, Hazard evaluation of secondary geological disaster based on GIS and information value method, Diqiu Kexue - Zhongguo Dizhi Daxue Xuebao/Earth Science - Journal of China University of Geosciences, 35, 2, pp. 324-330, (2010); 
Huang, Yu, SPH-based numerical simulation of catastrophic debris flows after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 74, 4, pp. 1137-1151, (2015); 
Geography and Geo Information Science, (2012); 
Ma, Yu, Research on the disaster of debris flow of Bayi Gully, Longchi, Dujiangyan, Sichuan on august 13, 2010, Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 43, SUPPL. 1, pp. 92-98, (2011); 
J  geogr Geol, (2013)
PUBLISHER: China University of Geosciences
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Su, L., Liang, S., Wang, Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Su, Lijun (7202509267); Liang, Shuangqing (56991919000); Wang, Yang (57245040400)
7202509267; 56991919000; 57245040400
Experimental Study on the Stability of Rainfall-induced Gravel Landslide Post Earthquake 震后降雨型碎石土斜坡稳定性的试验研究
(2019) Gongcheng Kexue Yu Jishu/Advanced Engineering Sciences, 51 (4), pp. 12 - 20, Cited 5 times.
DOI: 10.15961/j.jsuese.201900216
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85070829865&doi=10.15961%2Fj.jsuese.201900216&partnerID=40&md5=a7aef729a649693cc0fd9e05397d6697

AFFILIATIONS: Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; CAS Center for Excellence & Innovation in Tibetan Plateau Earth System Sciences, Shantou, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; China-Pakistan Joint Research Center on Earth Science, Slamabad, Pakistan
ABSTRACT: Earthquake changes the structure and physical-mechanical properties of the rock-soil mass in gravel soil slope, which increase the number and magnitude of rainfall landslides post earthquake. The existing researches on the effect of earthquake and rainfall on the gravel soil slope stability are mainly theoretical analysis and numerical analysis, but lack of validation. The coupling mechanism between earthquake and rainfall on landslide is extremely complex, therefore it is difficult to quantitatively analyze the effect of earthquake and rainfall on slope stability. Taking rainfall-induced gravel landslides post earthquake in Wenchuan earthquake stricken area as objects,a series of shaking table model tests, rainfall model tests and slope crest loading tests were carried out to analyze the stability of gravel landslide. The test results showed that the seismic loading induces fissures developing in slope crest and slope body, the upper slope becomes looser and the lower slope become more compressible. The rainfall seepage speed increase, the stability of rock-soil body decrease, the weight of landslide increase and the seepage force increase, thus the stability is obviously decreasing. The stability of rainfall-induced gravel landslide post earthquake is lower than rainfall or earthquake landslide. As the increasing of seismic intensity or rainfall intensity, the stability is obviously decreasing. As the seismic intensity is 0 or 0.1g and subsequent rainfall intensity is 100 mm/h, the drop rate of ultimate bearing capacity is relative large than the seismic intensity is 0.2g or 0.4g. It means that the effect of subsequent rainfall on slope stability post earthquake is more significant when the seismic intensity is relative low. Based on physical modelling experiments, the effect of earthquake and rainfall on slope stability was quantitatively analyzed, which can provide reference for the prediction and early warning of rainfall-induced gravel landslide post earthquake. © 2019, Editorial Department of Advanced Engineering Sciences. All right reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Earthquake; Gravel soil slope; Rainfall; Slope crest loading; Stability; Ultimate bearing capacity
INDEX KEYWORDS: Bearing capacity; Earthquakes; Gravel; Rain; Seepage; Soil testing; Soils; Gravel soil slope; Physical-mechanical properties; Rainfall intensity; Rainfall-induced; Seismic intensity; Slope crest; Slope crest loading; Soil mass; Structure-mechanical properties; Ultimate bearing capacity; Landslides
REFERENCES: Xu, Jiancong, Influence of permeability of gravel soil on debris landslide stability, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 25, 11, pp. 2264-2271, (2006); 
Experimental Research on Shear Parameter of High Cut Slope Gravel Soil in Badong and Its Engineering Applications, (2011); 
J Eng Geol, (2013); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2008); 
Bai, Yongjian, Three-dimensional system monitoring and numerical simulation on the dynamic deformation process of Jiaju landslide in Danba, Sichuan, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 30, 5, pp. 974-981, (2011); 
undefined, (2015); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2004); 
Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, (2007); 
Formation Mechanism and Control Measures of the Pebbly Clay Landslide Dissertation, (2005); 
Tang, Chuan, Landslides induced by the Wenchuan earthquake and the subsequent strong rainfall event: A case study in the Beichuan area of China, Engineering Geology, 122, 1-2, pp. 22-33, (2011)
PUBLISHER: Sichuan University
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

He, S., Jing, H., Tang, H., Shen, L., Tao, L., Cheng, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: He, Shi (56454643600); Jing, Haitao (57205645807); Tang, Hong (36816706600); Shen, Li (36555006600); Tao, Liangliang (56421240900); Cheng, Jiehai (35728090000)
56454643600; 57205645807; 36816706600; 36555006600; 56421240900; 35728090000
Landslide Image Classification Using Semi-Supervised Learning
(2019) International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), art. no. 8897859, pp. 2643 - 2645, Cited 2 times.
DOI: 10.1109/IGARSS.2019.8897859
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85077674962&doi=10.1109%2FIGARSS.2019.8897859&partnerID=40&md5=f317a115700d36977796ac756bef7cf4

AFFILIATIONS: School of Surveying and Land Information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, Henan, China; Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; School of Geographical Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
ABSTRACT: Many researchers focus on the problem of accurately and rapidly classifying regional landslide hazard, whose spectrum and shape are complicated and varied in remote sensing images. A large number of training examples with labels are necessary to construct predictive models in supervised classification, which are difficult to get strong supervision information due to the high cost of data labeling process for rapid regional landslides identification. Our methods use pre- and post-event MODIS NDVI products, and post-event SPOT-5 images to classify the landslide image during the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake based on semi-supervised learning model, which means that only a subset of training data are given with labels to train a good learner. To examine the effectiveness of the proposed method, the results are compared with state-of-the-art support vector machine (SVM). Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method is an accurate and rapid way to classify landslide images. © 2019 IEEE.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: classification; landslide; multi-sensor data; remote sensing; semi-supervised learning
INDEX KEYWORDS: Classification (of information); Earthquakes; Geology; Landslides; Predictive analytics; Remote sensing; Semi-supervised learning; Support vector machines; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Landslide hazard; Multi-sensor data; Predictive models; Remote sensing images; State of the art; Supervised classification; Training example; Image classification
REFERENCES: Yang, Wentao, Using MODIS NDVI time series to identify geographic patterns of landslides in vegetated regions, IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, 10, 4, pp. 707-710, (2013); 
He, Shi, Landslide detection with two satellite images of different spatial resolutions in a probabilistic topic model, International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), 2015-November, pp. 409-412, (2015); 
Zhou, Zhihua, A brief introduction to weakly supervised learning, National Science Review, 5, 1, pp. 44-53, (2018); 
Niu, Gang, Squared-loss mutual information regularization: A Novel information-theoretic approach to semi-supervised learning, PART 2, pp. 1047-1055, (2013); 
Suzuki, Taiji, Mutual information estimation reveals global associations between stimuli and biological processes, BMC Bioinformatics, 10, SUPPL. 1, (2009)
PUBLISHER: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
SPONSORS: The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Geoscience and Remote Sensing Society (GRSS)
CONFERENCE NAME: 39th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, IGARSS 2019
CONFERENCE DATE: 2019-07-28 through 2019-08-02
CONFERENCE LOCATION: Yokohama
CONFERENCE CODE: 154792
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Yang, Y., Yang, J., Xu, C., Xu, C., Song, C.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Yang, Yang (56028988600); Yang, Jintao (57202536920); Xu, Chengdong (55553302300); Xu, Chong (35184309900); Song, Chao (56123622800)
56028988600; 57202536920; 55553302300; 35184309900; 56123622800
Local-scale landslide susceptibility mapping using the B-GeoSVC model
(2019) Landslides, 16 (7), pp. 1301 - 1312, Cited 67 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s10346-019-01174-y
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85064499034&doi=10.1007%2Fs10346-019-01174-y&partnerID=40&md5=dcf451c02c1cdd5d9de6baf5e158d8d2

AFFILIATIONS: School of Geoscience and Technology, Southwest Petroleum University China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Local-scale landslide susceptibility mapping (LSM) provides detailed information for decision making and planning. Most published landslide susceptibility maps lack reliable information at the local scale due to the spatial heterogeneity being ignored. To enrich the local-scale information of LSM, multiple information fusion methods for the local spatial heterogeneity and regional trends of control factors are needed. However, no information fusion method has been proposed for LSM yet. In this paper, we developed a new integrated statistical method, named B-GeoSVC, under the hierarchical Bayesian framework for LSM. Specifically, this model applied the GeoDetector method to fit the regional trends of control factors and employed spatially varying coefficients (SVC) model to fit the local spatial heterogeneity of each control factor. Then, the regional trends and local spatial heterogeneity information were fused within the hierarchical Bayesian framework. The B-GeoSVC model was verified using data from the Duwen basin of China, which was in the central region affected by the M<inf>S</inf> 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake that occurred on May 12, 2008. Under a cross-validation experiment, the prediction accuracy rate of the B-GeoSVC model was 86.09%, and the area under the curve was 0.93, which suggested that the B-GeoSVC model was able to achieve relatively accurate local-scale LSM and provide richer local information than traditional regional scale LSM. More importantly, not only the B-GeoSVC model could be employed as a general solution to fuse both regional and local-scale information for landslide mapping, but also offer new insights into the broader earth science and spatial statistics. © 2019, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: GeoDetector; Hierarchical Bayesian method; Landslide susceptibility mapping; Regional and local information fusion; Spatial heterogeneity; SVC
INDEX KEYWORDS: Bayesian networks; Decision making; Earthquakes; Information fusion; Mapping; Static Var compensators; GeoDetector; Hierarchical bayesian; Information fusion method; Landslide susceptibility; Landslide susceptibility mapping; Multiple information fusions; Spatial heterogeneity; Spatially varying coefficients; Landslides; Bayesian analysis; decision making; equipment; hazard management; heterogeneity; hierarchical system; landslide; mapping method; methodology; numerical model; spatial analysis; China; Spring viremia of carp virus
REFERENCES: Akgun, Aykut, A comparison of landslide susceptibility maps produced by logistic regression, multi-criteria decision, and likelihood ratio methods: A case study at İzmir, Turkey, Landslides, 9, 1, pp. 93-106, (2012); 
Akgun, Aykut, GIS-based landslide susceptibility for Arsin-Yomra (Trabzon, North Turkey) region, Environmental Geology, 51, 8, pp. 1377-1387, (2007); 
Bivand, Roger S., Approximate Bayesian inference for spatial econometrics models, Spatial Statistics, 9, C, pp. 146-165, (2014); 
Blangiardo, Marta A.G., Spatial and spatio-temporal models with R-INLA, Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology, 7, pp. 39-55, (2013); 
Brunsdon, Chris F., Geographically weighted regression: a method for exploring spatial nonstationarity, Geographical Analysis, 28, 4, pp. 281-298, (1996); 
Chalkias, Christos N., Landslide susceptibility, Peloponnese Peninsula in South Greece, Journal of Maps, 10, 2, pp. 211-222, (2014); 
Che, Vivian Bih, Landslide susceptibility assessment in Limbe (SW Cameroon): A field calibrated seed cell and information value method, Catena, 92, pp. 83-98, (2012); 
Ciurean, Roxana L., Multi-scale debris flow vulnerability assessment and direct loss estimation of buildings in the Eastern Italian Alps, Natural Hazards, 85, 2, pp. 929-957, (2017); 
Corominas, Jordi, Recommendations for the quantitative analysis of landslide risk, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 73, 2, pp. 209-263, (2014); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2008)
PUBLISHER: Springer Verlag service@springer.de
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zhang, N., Matsushima, T., Peng, N.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhang, Ni (56367373600); Matsushima, Takashi (25646639300); Peng, Ningbo (52664108400)
56367373600; 25646639300; 52664108400
Numerical investigation of post-seismic debris flows in the epicentral area of the Wenchuan earthquake
(2019) Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 78 (5), pp. 3253 - 3268, Cited 14 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s10064-018-1359-6
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85051646002&doi=10.1007%2Fs10064-018-1359-6&partnerID=40&md5=4f0da67910932f9eb54d8b6dba0c60ee

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Department of Engineering Mechanics and Energy, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; Faculty of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huainan, Jiangsu, China
ABSTRACT: Since the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, numerous catastrophic debris flows have occurred in the Wenchuan earthquake-stricken zones. In particular, on 14 August 2010, long-duration, low-intensity rainfall triggered widespread debris flows at the epicenter of the Wenchuan earthquake. These flows caused serious casualties and property losses. In this study, a novel approach combining a soil-water mixing model and a depth-integrated particle method is applied to the analysis of the post-seismic debris flows in the epicentral area. The presented approach makes use of satellite images of the debris flow in the affected area. It is assumed that debris source materials are primarily generated from slope failure during the earthquake. Debris flows are initiated after different amounts of cumulative rainfall according to diffusion governing equations. The debris flow disaster is investigated in terms of volume, concentration, discharge, velocity, deposition thickness and affected area by setting the cumulative rainfall, Manning coefficient and diffusion coefficient to 38 mm, 0.1 and 0.004 m2 s−1, respectively. Although the thickness and volume of debris source materials are underestimated in this study, the numerical results, including the volume concentration, velocity, discharge and the affected area are in good agreement with the actual observations/measurements of the debris flow events. Adopting a simple and efficient numerical model, systematic analysis of the entire debris flow generation process not only contributes to understanding the mechanism of initiation, transportation and deposition, but is also very useful in designing effective protection structures according to the distribution characteristics of the main parameters. Additionally, the coupling effect of multiple debris flows is discussed. © 2018, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Particle method; Post-seismic debris flows; Rainfall; Soil-water mixing model; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Debris; Deposition; Mixing; Rain; Soil moisture; Debris flows; Distribution characteristics; Low-intensity rainfall; Numerical investigations; Particle methods; Soil water mixing; Volume concentration; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes; debris flow; earthquake epicenter; numerical model; rainfall; Sichuan earthquake 2008; soil water; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: U S Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1849, (1967); 
Scientia Geographica Sinica, (2006); 
Chen, Hongxin, Simulation of interactions among multiple debris flows, Landslides, 14, 2, pp. 595-615, (2017); 
Chen, Hongey, Relationship between earthquake disturbance, tropical rainstorms and debris movement: An overview from Taiwan, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 68, 2, pp. 161-186, (2009); 
Open Channel Hydraulics, (1959); 
Crosta, Giovanni Battista, Regionalization of rainfall thresholds: An aid to landslide hazard evaluation, Environmental Geology, 35, 2-3, pp. 131-145, (1998); 
Donahue, Jennifer L., Simulation-based hanging wall effects, Earthquake Spectra, 30, 3, pp. 1269-1284, (2014); 
Movement Mechanism and Disaster Control for Debris Flow, (2004); 
Fan, Xuanmei, Characteristics and classification of landslide dams associated with the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Geoenvironmental Disasters, 4, 1, (2017); 
Fan, Xuanmei, What we have learned from the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake and its aftermath: A decade of research and challenges, Engineering Geology, 241, pp. 25-32, (2018)
PUBLISHER: Springer Verlag service@springer.de
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Qu, T., Xu, Q., Liu, C., Li, Z., Chen, B., Dai, K.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Qu, Tengteng (57191202664); Xu, Qiang (56506033600); Liu, Chun (55680726300); Li, Zhenhong (57898397300); Chen, Bo (57202312773); Dai, Keren (56005107100)
57191202664; 56506033600; 55680726300; 57898397300; 57202312773; 56005107100
Radar remote sensing applications in landslide monitoring with multi-platform insar observations: A case study from China
(2019) International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences - ISPRS Archives, 42 (2/W13), pp. 1939 - 1943, Cited 4 times.
DOI: 10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-2-W13-1939-2019
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85067461076&doi=10.5194%2Fisprs-archives-XLII-2-W13-1939-2019&partnerID=40&md5=01ab1ef1e982a7dcdab9929b2e318355

AFFILIATIONS: College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; College of Surveying and Geo-Informatics, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle, Tyne and Wear, United Kingdom
ABSTRACT: In China, landslides are widely distributed in the mountainous areas of western regions. Especially after the Wenchuan Earthquake in 2008, a large number of landslides were triggered. This work focuses on the deformation monitoring of Xishancun Landslide based on multi-platform spaceborne radar remote sensing techniques. The spatio-temporal deformation characteristics of landslide could be retrieved from time series InSAR processing with joint use of Sentinel-1 and TerraSAR-X datasets. Eventually, the deformation and evolution histories are cultivated thoroughly to realize an effective and comprehensive monitoring and research of Xishancun Landslide. This work concludes that spaceborne radar remote sensing applications could demonstrate great potentials to identify the spatio-temporal characteristics and investigate the kinematics for hazardous landslides, especially combined with in situ measurements and other remote sensing observations. © Authors 2019.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: InSAR; Landslide Monitoring; Multi-platform; Radar Remote Sensing; Sentinel-1; TerraSAR-X
INDEX KEYWORDS: Deformation; Earthquakes; Landslides; Radar measurement; Satellites; Space applications; Space-based radar; Synthetic aperture radar; InSAR; Landslide monitoring; Multi-platform; Radar remote sensing; Sentinel-1; TerraSAR-X; Remote sensing
REFERENCES: Proc of Workshop on World Landslide Forum, (2017); 
Czikhardt, Richard, Ground stability monitoring of undermined and landslide prone areas by means of sentinel-1 multi-temporal InSAR, case study from Slovakia, Geosciences (Switzerland), 7, 3, (2017); 
Dai, Keren, Monitoring activity at the Daguangbao mega-landslide (China) using Sentinel-1 TOPS time series interferometry, Remote Sensing of Environment, 186, pp. 501-513, (2016); 
Fiaschi, Simone, Testing the potential of Sentinel-1A TOPS interferometry for the detection and monitoring of landslides at local scale (Veneto Region, Italy), Environmental Earth Sciences, 76, 14, (2017); 
Huang, Runqiu, Analysis of the geo-hazards triggered by the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake, China, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 68, 3, pp. 363-371, (2009); 
Intrieri, Emanuele, The Maoxian landslide as seen from space: detecting precursors of failure with Sentinel-1 data, Landslides, 15, 1, pp. 123-133, (2018); 
Kyriou, Aggeliki S., Assessing the suitability of Sentinel-1 data for landslide mapping, European Journal of Remote Sensing, 51, 1, pp. 402-411, (2018); 
Li, Zhenhong, Integration of InSAR time-series analysis and water-vapor correction for emapping postseismic motion after the 2003 Bam (Iran) earthquake, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 47, 9, pp. 3220-3230, (2009); 
Liu, Chun, Susceptibility evaluation and mapping of China's landslides based on multi-source data, Natural Hazards, 69, 3, pp. 1477-1495, (2013); 
International Journal of Remote Sensing, (2018)
PUBLISHER: International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing
CONFERENCE NAME: 4th ISPRS Geospatial Week 2019
CONFERENCE DATE: 2019-06-10 through 2019-06-14
CONFERENCE LOCATION: Enschede
CONFERENCE CODE: 148406
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Ma, S., Xu, C., Wang, T., Liu, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Ma, Siyuan (57190214231); Xu, Chong (35184309900); Wang, Tao (56454532900); Liu, Jiamei (56479675300)
57190214231; 35184309900; 56454532900; 56479675300
Application of two simplified Newmark models to the assessment of landslides triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake 应用2类Newmark简易模型进行2008年汶川地震滑坡评估
(2019) Dizhen Dizhi, 41 (3), pp. 774 - 788, Cited 9 times.
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2019.03.015
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85074721866&doi=10.3969%2Fj.issn.0253-4967.2019.03.015&partnerID=40&md5=c9600579c2afe71ac24b06e90c18c360

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Active Tectonics and Volcano, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Neotectonic Movement and Geohazard, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: At present, with the wide application of the Newmark method, various Newmark empirical formulas with different ground motion parameters have been fitted by many researchers based on global strong-motion records. However, the existing study about the Wenchuan earthquake does not quantitatively evaluate the applicability of different Newmark models based on the actual landslides distribution. The aim of this paper is to present a comparison between observed landslides from the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and predicted landslides using Newmark displacement method based on different ground motion parameters. The factor-of-safety map and critical acceleration(a<inf>c</inf>)map in the study area are obtained by using the terrain data and geological data. The distribution of Arias intensity(I<inf>a</inf>)and PGA in the study area is obtained by using the attenuation formulas of Arias intensity(I<inf>a</inf>)and PGA, which is regressed by Wenchuan ground motion records. Based on the distribution of Arias intensity(I<inf>a</inf>)and PGA parameters, we obtained the predicted locations of landslide using Newmark regression equations which are generated using global strong-motion records. The results shows that the assessment results can better reflect the macroscopic distribution characteristics of co-seismic landslides, most predicted landslide cells are distributed on the two sides of the Beichuan-Yingxiu Fault, especially the Pengguan complex rock mass in the hanging wall. The abilities to predict landslide occurrence of the two Newmark simplified models are different. On the whole, the evaluated result of simplified model based on parameter I<inf>a</inf> is better than that based on PGA parameter. The GFC values obtained by the Newmark model of I<inf>a</inf> and PGA parameters are 65.7% and 34.9%respectively. The evaluated result based on I<inf>a</inf> can better reflect the macro distribution of coseismic landslides. The Ls_Pred value based on the Newmark model of parameter I<inf>a</inf> is 26.5%, and the Ls_Pred value based on the Newmark model of PGA parameter is 10.3%. However the total area of predicted landslides accounts for 2.4% of the study area, which indicates that the predicted landslide cells are greater than the observed landslide cells. This reminds us that depending on the current input of shear strength and ground-motion parameters, we can only conduct landslide hazard assessment in macro areas, the ability to predict landslide can be improved using more accurate topographic data and input parameters. © 2019, Editorial Office of Seismology and Geology. All right reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Arias intensity(Ia); Earthquake-triggered landslides; Newmark cumulative displacement models; PGA; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Earthquake effects; Safety factor; Shear flow; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Arias intensities; Displacement model; Distribution characteristics; Earthquake-triggered landslides; Ground motion parameters; Landslide hazard assessment; Wenchuan Earthquake; Landslides; acceleration; assessment method; empirical analysis; ground motion; hanging wall; hazard assessment; landslide; parameterization; quantitative analysis; rock mass response; Sichuan earthquake 2008; Beichuan; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan; Yingxiu; Anas
REFERENCES: Chen, Xiaoli, Applying the Newmark's model to the assessment of earthquake-triggered landslides during the Lushan earthquake, Dizhen Dizhi, 35, 3, pp. 661-670, (2013); 
Map of Active Tectonics in China, (2007); 
Ge, Hua, The assessment and mapping of seismic landslide hazards: A case study of Yingxiu area, Sichuan Province, Geology in China, 40, 2, pp. 644-652, (2013); 
Journal of Geomechanics, (2017); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2013); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2015); 
Wang, Xiuying, Relationships between the Wenchuan earthquake-induced landslide and peak ground velocity, Sichuan, China, Geological Bulletin of China, 30, 1, pp. 159-165, (2011); 
Xie, Junju, Characteristics of near-fault vertical and horizontal ground motion from the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Acta Geophysica Sinica, 53, 8, pp. 1796-1805, (2010); 
Xu, Guangxing, Predictive models for permanent displacement of slopes based on recorded strong-motion data of Wenchuan Earthquake, Yantu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 34, 6, pp. 1131-1136, (2012); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2013)
PUBLISHER: State Seismology Administration
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Xue, W., Xu, Z., Wang, H., Ren, Z.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Xue, Wenting (56785083600); Xu, Zeshui (55502698400); Wang, Hai (37010620900); Ren, Zhiliang (56682398500)
56785083600; 55502698400; 37010620900; 56682398500
Hazard assessment of landslide dams using the evidential reasoning algorithm with multi-scale hesitant fuzzy linguistic information
(2019) Applied Soft Computing, 79, pp. 74 - 86, Cited 35 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.asoc.2019.03.032
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85063548213&doi=10.1016%2Fj.asoc.2019.03.032&partnerID=40&md5=3babf325129cf9509743d699557faf9b

AFFILIATIONS: School of Economics & Management, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; School of Computer and Software, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; School of Government Audit, Nanjing Audit University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
ABSTRACT: In the hazard assessment of landslide dams, the decision makers (DMs) are inclined to express some qualitative indicators such as the possible economic loss and the environment influence by linguistic terms. Due to the complexity of emergency environment, it is unrealistic to obtain entire and accurate data of landslide dams in a limited time. Hence, we propose a hazard assessment method based on multi-scale adjacent linguistic terms, namely hesitant fuzzy linguistic term sets (HFLTSs). Besides, to model uncertainties associated with complex situations and subjective evaluations, evidential reasoning (ER), a powerful tool to consistently copy with the uncertainty caused by ignorance and fuzziness, is first applied to aggregate multi-scale HFLTSs. After presenting the α-cut of a HFLTS which reflects the DMs’ prudent degree, we develop a generalized hesitant fuzzy linguistic ER (HFL-ER) method which distributes basic probability mass to each linguistic term in the HFLTS. Then, the special procedures for hazard assessment of landslide dams are provided with the modified indicator system. Finally, a case study about the hazard assessment of 7 landslide dams in the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake verifies the effectiveness and rationality of the HFL-ER method. © 2019 Elsevier B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Dempster–Shafer theory; Evidential reasoning algorithm; Hazard assessment of landslide dams; Hesitant fuzzy linguistic term sets
INDEX KEYWORDS: Dams; Decision making; Earthquakes; Fuzzy set theory; Landslides; Linguistics; Losses; Uncertainty analysis; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Environment influence; Evidential reasoning; Hesitant fuzzy linguistic term sets; Landslide dam; Model uncertainties; Shafer theory; Subjective evaluations; Hazards
REFERENCES: Costa, John E., FORMATION AND FAILURE OF NATURAL DAMS., Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 100, 7, pp. 1054-1068, (1988); 
Chai, Hejun, The distribution, causes and effects of damming landslides in China, Journal of the Chengdu Institute of Technology, 27, 3, pp. 302-307, (2000); 
Cui, Peng, Distribution and risk analysis of dammed lakes reduced by Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 41, 3, pp. 35-42, (2009); 
Rodriguez, Rosa M., Hesitant fuzzy linguistic term sets for decision making, IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems, 20, 1, pp. 109-119, (2012); 
Beg, Ismat, TOPSIS for hesitant fuzzy linguistic term sets, International Journal of Intelligent Systems, 28, 12, pp. 1162-1171, (2013); 
Liao, Huchang, Hesitant Fuzzy Linguistic VIKOR Method and Its Application in Qualitative Multiple Criteria Decision Making, IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems, 23, 5, pp. 1343-1355, (2015); 
Wang, Jing, A likelihood-based TODIM approach based on multi-hesitant fuzzy linguistic information for evaluation in logistics outsourcing, Computers and Industrial Engineering, 99, pp. 287-299, (2016); 
Liao, Huchang, Two new approaches based on ELECTRE II to solve the multiple criteria decision making problems with hesitant fuzzy linguistic term sets, Applied Soft Computing, 63, pp. 223-234, (2018); 
Dong, Jiuying, A cosine similarity based QUALIFLEX approach with hesitant fuzzy linguistic term sets for financial performance evaluation, Applied Soft Computing, 69, pp. 316-329, (2018); 
Gou, Xunjie, Novel basic operational laws for linguistic terms, hesitant fuzzy linguistic term sets and probabilistic linguistic term sets, Information Sciences, 372, pp. 407-427, (2016)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier Ltd
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Yang, Z., Cai, H., Shao, W., Huang, D., Uchimura, T., Lei, X., Tian, H., Qiao, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Yang, Zongji (24485723300); Cai, Huan (57201945431); Shao, Wei (57653099800); Huang, Dong (36664555400); Uchimura, Taro (7007007474); Lei, XiaoQin (56368562800); Tian, Hongling (14520009600); Qiao, Jianping (24485090400)
24485723300; 57201945431; 57653099800; 36664555400; 7007007474; 56368562800; 14520009600; 24485090400
Clarifying the hydrological mechanisms and thresholds for rainfall-induced landslide: in situ monitoring of big data to unsaturated slope stability analysis
(2019) Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 78 (4), pp. 2139 - 2150, Cited 71 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s10064-018-1295-5
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85046549331&doi=10.1007%2Fs10064-018-1295-5&partnerID=40&md5=c335e388be8c53af49029b658554c2ff

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; School of Hydrology and Water Resources, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Saitama, Japan
ABSTRACT: The development of early warning systems for landslide hazards has long been a challenge because the accuracy of such systems is limited by both the complicated underlying mechanisms of landslides and the lack of in situ data. In this study, we implemented a multivariate threshold criterion that integrates in situ monitoring data and data from unsaturated hydro-mechanical analyses as an early warning system for rainfall-induced landslides in the Wenchuan earthquake region of China. The results indicate that rainfall intensity is closely correlated with the probability of landslide occurrence. Variations in matric suction and suction stress were obtained from in situ measurements and used to quantify the soil water retention curve, which presented clear hysteresis characteristics. The impacts of rainfall infiltration on slope failure in post-earthquake landslide areas under transient rainfall conditions were quantified by hydro-mechanical modelling theories. Variations in the suction stress of unsaturated soil were used to calculate the safety factor. The influence of hydrological hysteresis processes on the slope failure mechanism was analysed. Multivariate threshold criteria that include the intensity–probability (I-P) threshold, soil moisture and matric suction based on in situ big data and unsaturated slope stability analysis benchmarks are proposed for use in an early warning system for rainfall-induced landslides. © 2018, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Big data; Early warning; Hydrological mechanism; Multivariate thresholds; Rainfall-induced landslide; Unsaturated condition
INDEX KEYWORDS: Alarm systems; Earthquakes; Failure (mechanical); Hysteresis; Landslides; Monitoring; Rain; Safety factor; Slope protection; Soil moisture; Soil surveys; Stability criteria; Early warning; Early Warning System; Hysteresis characteristics; Multivariate threshold; Rainfall induced landslides; Rainfall infiltration; Soil water retention curves; Unsaturated condition; Big data; accuracy assessment; early warning system; hydrological regime; in situ measurement; matric potential; multivariate analysis; precipitation intensity; rainfall; slope failure; slope stability; stability analysis; threshold; China
REFERENCES: Aleotti, Pietro, A warning system for rainfall-induced shallow failures, Engineering Geology, 73, 3-4, pp. 247-265, (2004); 
Baum, Rex L., Estimating the timing and location of shallow rainfall-induced landslides using a model for transient, unsaturated infiltration, Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 115, 3, (2010); 
Berti, Matteo, Field evidence of pore pressure diffusion in clayey soils prone to landsliding, Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 115, 3, (2010); 
Hydraulic Properties of Porous Media, (1964); 
Cafaro, Francesco, Metastable states of silty clays during drying, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 39, 4, pp. 992-999, (2002); 
Cafaro, Francesco, Influence of the mechanical properties of consolidated clays on their water retention curve, Rivista Italiana di Geotecnica, 49, 2, pp. 11-27, (2015); 
Caine, Nel, The rainfall intensity-duration control of shallow landslides and debris flows., Geografiska Annaler, Series A: Physical Geography, 62, 1-2, pp. 23-27, (1980); 
Chae, Byung-gon, Landslide prediction, monitoring and early warning: a concise review of state-of-the-art, Geosciences Journal, 21, 6, pp. 1033-1070, (2017); 
Fan, Yongbo, Real-time monitoring instrument designed for the deformation and sliding period of colluvial landslides, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 76, 3, pp. 829-838, (2017); 
Godt, Jonathan W., Landsliding in partially saturated materials, Geophysical Research Letters, 36, 2, (2009)
PUBLISHER: Springer Verlag service@springer.de
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Yang, Z., Cai, H., Lei, X., Wang, L., Ding, P.-P., Qiao, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Yang, Zongji (24485723300); Cai, Huan (57201945431); Lei, XiaoQin (56368562800); Wang, Liyong (57213183655); Ding, Pengpeng (57201094429); Qiao, Jianping (24485090400)
24485723300; 57201945431; 56368562800; 57213183655; 57201094429; 24485090400
Experiment on hydro-mechanical behavior of unsaturated gravelly soil slope 非饱和地震滑坡堆积体降雨破坏水-力耦合行为试验
(2019) Yantu Lixue/Rock and Soil Mechanics, 40 (5), pp. 1869 - 1880, Cited 21 times.
DOI: 10.16285/j.rsm.2018.0045
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85070275772&doi=10.16285%2Fj.rsm.2018.0045&partnerID=40&md5=2147ca8ded0c347abedac0b70b7d8d1f

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: A profound understanding of hydro-mechanical coupling process in rainfall-induced landslides and its formation mechanism are prerequisites for the accurate early warning. In this study, a typical landslide in Wenchuan earthquake region is selected for a series of full-scale artificial rainfall tests, to simulate failure progress on gravelly soil slope of landslide deposit. Two classical soil-water characteristic curve (SWCC) models, Brooks-Corey (BC) and Van Genuchten (VG) model, are used to establish the SWCC during rainfall infiltration. Then, the stress state and stability of slope are analyzed by one-dimensional variably saturated infinite slope model. The results reveal that the slope failure is the consequence of dual-permeability interaction between the preferential flow and the matrix flow. The VG model is capable of fitting SWCC of wide-graded gravelly soil during wetting process for preferential flow. Comparison between stability analysis and observation indicates that changes on volumetric water content, matric suction and surface inclination are consistent with calculated suction stress and safety factor. Finally, the seepage erosion in unsaturated slope is proved by the tests, and the migration of fine particles is statistically analyzed. Based on the physical model test, this study reveals the coupling process of soil-water characteristic curves and slope failure with the influence of preferential flow under rainfall conditions, which can provide reference and basis for the prediction and early warning of unsaturated slope instability. © 2019, Science Press. All right reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Full-scale model test; Gravelly soil; Hydro-mechanical coupling; Shallow landslide; Unsaturated
INDEX KEYWORDS: Earthquakes; Groundwater flow; Rain; Safety factor; Seepage; Soil moisture; Soil structure interactions; Full-scale model tests; Gravelly soils; Hydromechanical coupling; Shallow landslide; Unsaturated; Landslides
REFERENCES: Journal of Engineering Geology, (2011); 
Lin, Ching-Wee Weei, Impacts of the Chi-Chi earthquake on subsequent rainfall-induced landslides in central Taiwan, Engineering Geology, 86, 2-3, pp. 87-101, (2006); 
Koi, Takashi, Prolonged impact of earthquake-induced landslides on sediment yield in a mountain watershed: The Tanzawa region, Japan, Geomorphology, 101, 4, pp. 692-702, (2008); 
Khattak, Ghazanfar Ali, Evolution of earthquake-triggered landslides in the Kashmir Himalaya, northern Pakistan, Geomorphology, 115, 1-2, pp. 102-108, (2010); 
Saba, Sumbal Bahar, Spatiotemporal landslide detection for the 2005 Kashmir earthquake region, Geomorphology, 124, 1-2, pp. 17-25, (2010); 
Tang, Chuan, Rainfall-triggered debris flows following the Wenchuan earthquake, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 68, 2, pp. 187-194, (2009); 
Tang, Chuan, Landslides induced by the Wenchuan earthquake and the subsequent strong rainfall event: A case study in the Beichuan area of China, Engineering Geology, 122, 1-2, pp. 22-33, (2011); 
Yang, Zongji, Unsaturated hydro-mechanical behaviour of rainfall-induced mass remobilization in post-earthquake landslides, Engineering Geology, 222, pp. 102-110, (2017); 
He, Keqiang, Features of load-unload response ratio and its significance in predication of colluvial landslide induced by rainfall, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 23, 16, pp. 2665-2670, (2004); 
USDA Bur Soils Bull, (1907)
PUBLISHER: Academia Sinica kjwang@public.wh.hb.cn
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Xiong, J., Tang, C., Gong, L.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Xiong, Jiang (57217517892); Tang, Chuan (35932953300); Gong, Lingfeng (57215612725)
57217517892; 35932953300; 57215612725
Flow characteristics of different rainfall type debris flow based on the HEC-HMS model 基于HEC-HMS模型的不同雨型泥石流流量变化特征
(2019) Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, 46 (3), pp. 153 - 161, Cited 6 times.
DOI: 10.16030/j.cnki.issn.1000-3665.2019.03.21
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85160075438&doi=10.16030%2Fj.cnki.issn.1000-3665.2019.03.21&partnerID=40&md5=55c84ffddeec042654c3b3938b2fa80f

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: In order to explore the characteristics of debris flow discharge under different rainfall patterns, the rainfall data of typical debris flow in Wenchuan earthquake zone were collected and generalized into three rainfall types: three peaks early-arrival type, three peak type and three peaks late-arrival type. By constructing the Gaojia gully watershed model with the HEC-HMS hydrological model and based on the results of clear water flow in the basin, the debris flow under different rainfall patterns was calculated by the rain-flood correction method. The results show that the peak clear water flow rates of the three peaks early-arrival type, three peaks type and three peaks late-arrival type were 33.5 m3/s, 41.5 m3/s and 45.8 m3/s, respectively. The peak flow of debris flow was 166.83 m3/s, 206.67 m3/s and 228.08 m3/s, respectively with the errors of -25.6%, -7.8% and 1.7%, respectively. The runoff of the three patterns of rainfall evolved linearly from the upstream to the gully mouth. As the peak value of rainfall delays its rate of evolution continues to increase, and the growth rate gradually decreases. Debris flow bursts before and after the peak rainfall, which is a rainfall-inducing debris flow. As the peak rainfall delays, the flow growth phase takes a longer time of 5.5 h, 6 h and 9 h, respectively. The recession phase requires a shorter time of 14.5 h, 8 h and 2.5 h, respectively. The results show that the model can provide technical support for debris flow researches in areas without detailed rainfall monitoring data. © 2022 China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics. All rights reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: debris flow; flow change; HEC-HMS; rain type
REFERENCES: Xu, Chong, Response rate of seismic slope mass movements related to 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake and its spatial distribution analysis, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 32, SUPPL.2, pp. 3888-3908, (2013); 
Journal of Geological Hazards and Environment Preservation, (2009); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2011); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2010); 
Zhou, Wei, Critical rainfall characteristics for rainfall-induced debris flows in Wenchuan earthquake affected areas, Shuikexue Jinzhan/Advances in Water Science, 23, 5, pp. 650-655, (2012); 
Zhou, Wei, Rainfall thresholds for debris flow initiation in the Wenchuan earthquake-stricken area, southwestern China, Landslides, 11, 5, pp. 877-887, (2014); 
Journal of Lanzhou University Natural Science, (2014); 
Geogr Res, (2011); 
Mountain Research, (2015); 
Journal of Geological Hazards and Environment Preservation, (2014)
PUBLISHER: Editorial Office of Hydrogeology and Engineering
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Li, G., West, A.J., Qiu, H.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Li, Gen (56127683700); West, Alison Joshua (26538380300); Qiu, Hongrui (57198789724)
56127683700; 26538380300; 57198789724
Competing Effects of Mountain Uplift and Landslide Erosion Over Earthquake Cycles
(2019) Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 124 (5), pp. 5101 - 5133, Cited 18 times.
DOI: 10.1029/2018JB016986
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85066144354&doi=10.1029%2F2018JB016986&partnerID=40&md5=cc04955be49579b15ba8ada8cd5edcac

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Earth Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, Pasadena, CA, United States
ABSTRACT: Large earthquakes can construct mountainous topography by inducing rock uplift but also erode mountains by causing landslides. Observations following the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake show that landslide volumes in some cases match seismically induced uplift, raising questions about how the actions of individual earthquakes accumulate to build topography. Here we model the two-dimensional surface displacement field generated over a full earthquake cycle accounting for coseismic deformation, postseismic relaxation, landslide erosion, and erosion-induced isostatic compensation. We explore the related volume balance across different seismotectonic and topographic conditions and revisit the Wenchuan case in this context. The ratio (Ω) between landslide erosion and uplift is most sensitive to parameters determining landslide volumes (particularly earthquake magnitude M<inf>w</inf>, seismic energy source depth, and failure susceptibility, as well as the seismological factor responsible for triggering landslides), and is moderately sensitive to the effective elastic thickness of lithosphere, T<inf>e</inf>. For a specified magnitude, more erosive events (higher Ω) tend to occur at shallower depth, in thicker-T<inf>e</inf> lithosphere, and in steeper, more landslide-prone landscapes. For given landscape and seismotectonic conditions, the volumes of both landslides and uplift to first order positively scale with M<inf>w</inf> and seismic moment M<inf>o</inf>. However, higher M<inf>w</inf> earthquakes generate lower landslide and uplift volumes per unit M<inf>o</inf>, suggesting lower efficiency in the use of seismic energy to drive topographic change. With our model, we calculate the long-term average seismic volume balance for the eastern Tibetan region and find that the net topographic effect of earthquakes in this region tends to be constructive rather than erosive. Overall, destructive events are rare when considering processes over the full earthquake cycle, although they are more likely if only considering the coseismic volume budget (as was the case for the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake where landsliding substantially offset coseismic uplift). Irrespective of the net budget, our results suggest that the erosive power of earthquakes plays an important role in mountain belt evolution, including by influencing structures and spatial patterns of deformation, for example affecting the wavelength of topography. ©2019. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.
INDEX KEYWORDS: coseismic process; deformation mechanism; earthquake magnitude; landslide; seismic moment; seismotectonics; Sichuan earthquake 2008; topography; uplift
REFERENCES: Ader, Thomas J., Convergence rate across the Nepal Himalaya and interseismic coupling on the Main Himalayan Thrust: Implications for seismic hazard, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 117, 4, (2012); 
Athanasopoulos-Zekkos, Adda G., Ground motion selection for seismic slope displacement evaluation analysis of earthen levees, Earthquake Spectra, 32, 1, pp. 217-237, (2016); 
Avouac, Jean Philippe, Dynamic Processes in Extensional and Compressional Settings - Mountain Building: From Earthquakes to Geological Deformation, 6, pp. 377-439, (2007); 
Barlow, John, Seismically-induced mass movements and volumetric fluxes resulting from the 2010 Mw=7.2 earthquake in the Sierra Cucapah, Mexico, Geomorphology, 230, pp. 138-145, (2015); 
Ben-Zion, Yehuda, Collective behavior of earthquakes and faults: Continuum-discrete transitions, progressive evolutionary changes, and different dynamic regimes, Reviews of Geophysics, 46, 4, (2008); 
Bird, Peter, Plate-tectonic analysis of shallow seismicity: Apparent boundary width, beta, corner magnitude, coupled lithosphere thickness, and coupling in seven tectonic settings, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 94, 6, pp. 2380-2399, (2004); 
Bollinger, Laurent, Estimating the return times of great Himalayan earthquakes in eastern Nepal: Evidence from the Patu and Bardibas strands of the Main Frontal Thrust, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 119, 9, pp. 7123-7163, (2014); 
Boore, David M., Ground-motion prediction equations for the average horizontal component of PGA, PGV, and 5%-damped PSA at spectral periods between 0.01 s and 10.0 s, Earthquake Spectra, 24, 1, pp. 99-138, (2008); 
Boos, William R., Dominant control of the South Asian monsoon by orographic insulation versus plateau heating, Nature, 463, 7278, pp. 218-222, (2010); 
Brenguier, Florent, Postseismic relaxation along the San Andreas fault at Parkfield from continuous seismological observations, Science, 321, 5895, pp. 1478-1481, (2008)
PUBLISHER: Blackwell Publishing Ltd
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; BRONZE OPEN ACCESS

Zhao, X.-Y., Hu, K., Burns, S.F., Hu, H.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhao, Xiaoyan (55705108400); Hu, Kai (57206590759); Burns, Scott F. (7202663601); Hu, Houtian (7404098046)
55705108400; 57206590759; 7202663601; 7404098046
Correction to: Classification and sudden departure mechanism of high-speed landslides caused by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake (Environmental Earth Sciences, (2019), 78, 5, (125), 10.1007/s12665-019-8083-9)
(2019) Environmental Earth Sciences, 78 (10), art. no. 301, Cited 1 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s12665-019-8287-z
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85065650994&doi=10.1007%2Fs12665-019-8287-z&partnerID=40&md5=dce96483cd71ebb24ebe46a647b277ab

AFFILIATIONS: Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Department of Geology, Portland State University, Portland, OR, United States
ABSTRACT: The original article has been published inadvertently with some errors in Fig. 1 and a keyword. The keyword “landslide-earthquake” should be replaced by “landslide-quake”. The corrected Fig. 1 and its caption is given below. © 2019, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
PUBLISHER: Springer Verlag service@springer.de
DOCUMENT TYPE: Erratum
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; BRONZE OPEN ACCESS

Hu, W., Huang, R., McSaveney, M., Yao, L., Xu, Q., Feng, M.S., Zhang, X.H.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Hu, Wei (42361224100); Huang, Runqiu (55835407700); McSaveney, Maurice J. (35615825700); Yao, Lu (55485562900); Xu, Qiang (56506033600); Feng, Mingshi (36908910800); Zhang, Xianghui (52165040800)
42361224100; 55835407700; 35615825700; 55485562900; 56506033600; 36908910800; 52165040800
Superheated steam, hot CO 2 and dynamic recrystallization from frictional heat jointly lubricated a giant landslide: Field and experimental evidence
(2019) Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 510, pp. 85 - 93, Cited 109 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.epsl.2019.01.005
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85060208119&doi=10.1016%2Fj.epsl.2019.01.005&partnerID=40&md5=371435ad064d310f48f84363d9609f03

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; GNS Science, Lower Hutt, WGN, New Zealand; State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: We used thermogravimetry to determine that the frictionally heated sliding surface reached ∼850 °C at the base of the 1.16×10 9 m 3 Daguangbao landslide, triggered during the 2008 M <inf>s</inf> 8.2 Wenchuan earthquake. Optical and electron microscope images reveal evidence of dolomite thermal decomposition, hot fluid penetrating fine cracks and dynamic recrystallization of minerals. A high-speed rotary shear apparatus simulated the rapid sliding and provided data on very low frictional resistance (friction coefficient, μ≈0.05) during shearing above 1 m/s. Electron-probe analysis of samples from the experiments showed lime and magnesia from thermal decomposition of dolomite. Some of the sheared minerals formed a dynamically recrystallized layer ∼0.1 mm thick, and its viscous resistance would have contributed to the low apparent friction during high-speed sliding. A further explanation, however, was very high pore-fluid pressure from hot supercritical CO <inf>2</inf> (and superheated steam at a partial pressure of >10 MPa in the field situation with groundwater). These friction-reducing mechanisms are not mutually exclusive and both were present simultaneously at the landslide base. © 2019 Elsevier B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: friction test; large landslides; low friction; recrystallization
INDEX KEYWORDS: Carbon dioxide; Crystallization; Dynamic recrystallization; Earthquakes; Electron probe microanalysis; Groundwater; Landslides; Lime; Magnesia; Thermogravimetric analysis; Thermolysis; Daguangbao landslides; Electron microscope images; Electron probe analysis; Experimental evidence; Friction coefficients; Friction test; Frictional resistance; Low friction; Friction; carbon dioxide; dolomite; friction; landslide; recrystallization
REFERENCES: Aharonov, Einat, Hot water: A solution to the Heart Mountain detachment problem?, Geology, 34, 3, pp. 165-168, (2006); 
Anders, Mark H., Stratified granular media beneath large slide blocks: Implications for mode of emplacement, Geology, 28, 11, pp. 971-974, (2000); 
International Thermodynamic Tables of the Fluid State, (1976); 
Coats, A. W., Thermogravimetric analysis. A review, Analyst, 88, 1053, pp. 906-924, (1963); 
Collins, Gareth S., Acoustic fluidization and the extraordinary mobility of sturzstroms, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 108, 10, (2003); 
Histoire De L Academie Royale Des Sciences, (1784); 
Cui, Shenghua, Effects of geological and tectonic characteristics on the earthquake-triggered Daguangbao landslide, China, Landslides, 15, 4, pp. 649-667, (2018); 
Davies, Timothy R.H., A fragmentation-spreading model for long-runout rock avalanches, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 36, 6, pp. 1096-1110, (1999); 
Davies, Timothy R.H., Spreading of rock avalanche debris by mechanical fluidization, Rock Mechanics, 15, 1, pp. 9-24, (1982); 
Di Toro, Giulio, Friction falls towards zero in quartz rock as slip velocity approaches seismic rates, Nature, 427, 6973, pp. 436-439, (2004)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Pei, X., Zhu, L., Cui, S., Zhang, X.-C., Liang, Y., Gao, H.-H., Zhang, Z.-D.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Pei, Xiangjun (14058672500); Zhu, Ling (57210012612); Cui, Shenghua (56660242900); Zhang, Xiaochao (57271122400); Liang, Yufei (57208153398); Gao, Huihui (57209574852); Zhang, Zidong (57206282529)
14058672500; 57210012612; 56660242900; 57271122400; 57208153398; 57209574852; 57206282529
Liquefaction characteristics of interlayer dislocation zone of Daguangbao landslide and its start-up cause 大光包滑坡层间错动带液化特性及滑坡启动成因探讨
(2019) Yantu Lixue/Rock and Soil Mechanics, 40 (3), pp. 1085 - 1096, Cited 3 times.
DOI: 10.16285/j.rsm.2017.1910
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85068150841&doi=10.16285%2Fj.rsm.2017.1910&partnerID=40&md5=58799239a75dcddad69e8ab1163f6bfc

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: The Daguangbao (DGB) landslide was the largest landslide triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. Its shear-slip failure occurred in the pre-structural interlayer dislocation zone of the slope, which is mainly composed of mylonitized and brecciated tectonic fragments, and has obvious characteristics of groundwater occurrence and movement. In order to study the dynamic behavior of the dislocation zone and its possible influence on the start-up of Daguangbao landslide under the participation of groundwater during strong earthquakes, a series of triaxial tests including hydrostatic triaxial, unidirectional and bi-directional dynamic triaxial tests was conducted in the laboratory on the materials sampled from dislocation zone to analyze the liquefaction characteristics of the materials. The experimental results show that the material has strong potential liquefaction capacity; under unidirectional and bi-directional dynamic loads, the material can liquefy, but the liquefaction rate of bi-directional vibration is faster, and the dynamic strength decreases by about 20% than that of unidirectional vibration. Under bi-directional vibration, the liquefaction rate of material increases with the increase of cyclic deviating stress and radial cyclic stress, and the liquefaction rate under the phase difference 180ºis faster than that under the phase difference 0º. The dynamic condition of bi-directional triaxial test may be closer to the actual stress state for the interlaminar staggered zone of Daguangbao landslide with inclined occurrence (N2ºW/NE/30º); liquefaction of the staggered zone may be the cause of the sudden start of Daguangbao landslide during the strong earthquake. © 2019, Science Press. All right reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Cyclic triaxial test; DGB landslide; Interlayer dislocation zone; Landslide start-up; Liquefaction within the sliding zone
INDEX KEYWORDS: Dynamic loads; Earthquakes; Groundwater; Landslides; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Cyclic tri-axial tests; Daguangbao landslides; Dynamic behaviors; Dynamic condition; Phase difference; Sliding zone; Strong earthquakes; Liquefaction
REFERENCES: Journal of Engineering Geology, (2008); 
Burchfiel, B. Clark, A geological and geophysical context for the Wenchuan earthquake of 12 May 2008, Sichuan, People's Republic of China, GSA Today, 18, 7, pp. 4-11, (2008); 
Li, Yiquan, Structural interpretation of the coseismic faults of the Wenchuan earthquake: Three-dimensional modeling of the Longmen Shan fold-and-thrust belt, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 115, 4, (2010); 
Görüm, Tolga, Distribution pattern of earthquake-induced landslides triggered by the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Geomorphology, 133, 3-4, pp. 152-167, (2011); 
Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2010); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2008); 
Yin, Yueping, Dynamic response characteristics of Daguangbao landslide triggered by Wenchuan earthquake, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 31, 10, pp. 1969-1982, (2012); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2013); 
Bull Eng Geol Environ, (2016)
PUBLISHER: Academia Sinica kjwang@public.wh.hb.cn
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wu, J., Yan, S., Cui, Y., Luo, Q., Lin, Y., Wang, D., Wu, C.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wu, Jianzhao (57203663248); Yan, Siwei (56733947800); Cui, Yu (57203657569); Luo, Qinghu (57203655316); Lin, Yongming (8869314500); Wang, Daojie (55927225000); Wu, Chengzhen (8869314100)
57203663248; 56733947800; 57203657569; 57203655316; 8869314500; 55927225000; 8869314100
Dynamics of soil respiration and its influencing factors at the early stage of ecological restoration of two kinds of climate in earthquake-affected area 地震灾区2种气候生态治理区恢复初期土壤呼吸动态及其影响因子
(2019) Beijing Linye Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 41 (3), pp. 93 - 104, Cited 1 times.
DOI: 10.13332/j.1000-1522.20180192
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85069731743&doi=10.13332%2Fj.1000-1522.20180192&partnerID=40&md5=ffc21279fcf92e0344b076a8b1f0ccb7

AFFILIATIONS: College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Key Laboratory for Forest Ecosystem Process and Management of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; College of Ecology and Resources Engineering, Wuyi University, Wuyishan, Fujian, China
ABSTRACT: Soil respiration rate is one of the important parameters affecting the sensitivity and response pattern of ecosystems to stress, and the ecological restoration process can cause changes in soil respiration rate. To accurately understand the regional carbon cycle characteristics of disaster-affected areas under ecological restoration, it is crucial to study the dynamic changes of soil respiration in disaster areas and their relationship with environmental factors under different ecological restoration modes in different climate regions. In order to study the dynamic changes of soil respiration and its relationship with hydrothermal factors during the treatment of damaged ecosystems in the earthquake-affected areas, the demonstration area of ecological restoration of the arid-valley climate region (Weizhou Town, Wenchuan County) and subtropical monsoon climate region (Hanwang Town, Mianzhu City) was selected as the study area, with destroyed and treated area (DTA), natural recovery area (NRA) and undestroyed area (UA) as sample plots. Diurnal and seasonal dynamics of soil respiration rate (R<inf>s</inf>), 5 cm deep soil temperature (T<inf>5</inf>) and moisture (W<inf>5</inf>) and near-surface temperature (T<inf>0</inf>) and moisture (W<inf>0</inf>) were measured using the LI-8100 soil carbon flux measurement system, precision thermometer and round knife method from September 2015 to September 2016, and analyze the dynamic characteristics of soil respiration and its response to soil temperature and moisture. (1) The highest R <inf>s</inf> value of the daily scale appeared at 11:00-15:00, and the lowest value appeared at 10:00 or 18:00. In two climatic regions, the diurnal dynamics of soil respiration showed the tendency of UA &gt; DTA > NRA, and showed obvious single peak curves with certain volatility; seasonal scaleR<inf>s</inf> was the highest in summer and autumn, and lowest in winter, and R<inf>s</inf> showed UA > DTA > NRA in all seasons. (2) When the soil moisture in the arid-valley climate region and the subtropical monsoon climate region were < 27% and > 16%, respectively, soil respiration was mainly regulated by soil temperature; compared with the single-factor models of R<inf>s</inf> and T<inf>5</inf> or R<inf>s</inf> and W<inf>5</inf>, the regression relationship between R<inf>s</inf> and T<inf>5</inf> as well as W<inf>5</inf> was better, and the explanatory amount (R2) of T<inf>5</inf> and W<inf>5</inf> to R<inf>s</inf> was both increased and was greater than 0.762. (3) The temperature sensitivity coefficients Q<inf>10</inf> of DTA, UA, and NRA in the arid-valley climate region were 2.34, 1.95, and 2.78, respectively, and the Q<inf>10</inf> values in the subtropical monsoon climate region were 1.99, 1.25, and 2.90, respectively. The performance of NRA was most sensitive to soil temperature changes, followed by DTA, and UA was the least sensitive. Compared with UA, the soil respiration rates of DTA and NRA decreased by 41% and 50%, respectively in the arid-valley climate region, while only decreased by 21% and 23%, respectively in the subtropical monsoon climate region. © 2019, Editorial Department of Journal of Beijing Forestry University. All right reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Ecological restoration; Soil humidity; Soil respiration; Soil temperature; Wenchuan earthquake
REFERENCES: Universitatis Pekinensis Acta Scientiarum Naturalium, (1999); 
Journal of Geomechanics, (2013); 
undefined, (2012); 
J Soil Water Conserv, (2009); 
Ouyang, Zhiyun, Impact assessment of Wenchuan Earthquake on ecosystems, Shengtai Xuebao, 28, 12, pp. 5801-5809, (2008); 
undefined, (2009); 
Liu, Bin, Key issues in restoration on earthquake-damaged ecosystem at the ecotone between dry valley and montane forest of the Minjiang River, Shengtai Xuebao, 28, 12, pp. 5892-5898, (2008); 
Li, Sisi, Seasonal changes and the driving factors of soil respiration among five typical forest types in the high-elevation-cold region, Qinghai, northwestern China, Beijing Linye Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 38, 10, pp. 95-103, (2016); 
Raich, James W., The global carbon dioxide flux in soil respiration and its relationship to vegetation and climate, Tellus, Series B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology, 44, 2, pp. 81-99, (1992); 
Burton, Andrew J., Root respiration in North American forests: Effects of nitrogen concentration and temperature across biomes, Oecologia, 131, 4, pp. 559-568, (2002)
PUBLISHER: Beijing Forestry University bldxeb@bjfu.edu.cn
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zhao, X.-Y., Hu, K., Burns, S.F., Hu, H.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhao, Xiaoyan (55705108400); Hu, Kai (57206590759); Burns, Scott F. (7202663601); Hu, Houtian (7404098046)
55705108400; 57206590759; 7202663601; 7404098046
Classification and sudden departure mechanism of high-speed landslides caused by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake
(2019) Environmental Earth Sciences, 78 (5), art. no. 125, Cited 14 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s12665-019-8083-9
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85061737128&doi=10.1007%2Fs12665-019-8083-9&partnerID=40&md5=15f4c0a88010e6bacffa20b4df3b35eb

AFFILIATIONS: North 1st Section, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Department of Geology, Portland State University, Portland, OR, United States
ABSTRACT: The sudden departure mechanism of high-speed landslides has always constituted a popular yet difficult research topic. Therefore, although a systematic classification of high-speed landslides is necessary, particularly since different types of landslides exhibit different mechanisms, an associated methodology has yet to be established. This paper investigates an easily overlooked phenomenon—landslide-quake, which is defined as a local ground vibration triggered by the sudden rupture of the locked segment of a high-speed landslide that occurs immediately prior to the departure of the landslide. This new concept is employed as a foundation for a new classification. The characteristics and formation conditions of landslide-quake are discussed, based upon which the high-speed landslides that occurred following the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake are classified into three different types. Subsequently, the sudden departure mechanism of each type of landslide is analyzed, thereby providing a new method for research on the sudden departure mechanism of high-speed landslides. © 2019, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Classification; High-speed landslides; Landslide–earthquake; Sudden departure mechanism
INDEX KEYWORDS: Classification (of information); Earthquakes; Speed; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Different mechanisms; Formation condition; Ground vibration; High speed landslide; Research topics; Landslides; classification; earthquake rupture; landslide; methodology; research work; Sichuan earthquake 2008; vibration
REFERENCES: Aksoy, Beliz, Landslide identification and classification by object-based image analysis and fuzzy logic: An example from the Azdavay region (Kastamonu, Turkey), Computers and Geosciences, 38, 1, pp. 87-98, (2012); 
Alimohammadlou, Yashar, Landslide process and impacts: A proposed classification method, Catena, 104, pp. 219-232, (2013); 
Chang, Yanglang, Multisource data fusion for landslide classification using generalized positive boolean functions, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 45, 6, pp. 1697-1708, (2007); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2011); 
Chen, Tienchien, Landslide seismic signal recognition and mobility for an earthquake-induced rockslide in Tsaoling, Taiwan, Engineering Geology, 171, pp. 31-44, (2014); 
Cheng, Qiangong, Study of complex accelerated dynamics mechanism of highspeed landslide by elastic rocky impulse and peak-residual strength drop, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 19, 2, pp. 173-176, (2000); 
Chigira, Masahiro, Landslides induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China, Geomorphology, 118, 3-4, pp. 225-238, (2010); 
Gomberg, Joan S., Landslide faults and tectonic faults, analogs?: The Slumgullion earthflow, Colorado, Geology, 23, 1, pp. 41-44, (1995); 
Earthquake Induced Landslides, (2013); 
Landslide Dynamics, (1995)
PUBLISHER: Springer Verlag
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Domènech, G., Fan, X., Scaringi, G., van Asch, T.W.J., Xu, Q., Huang, R., Hales, T.C.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Domènech, Guillem (57200700467); Fan, Xuanmei (12752112800); Scaringi, Gianvito (56335047900); van Asch, Theodore W.J. (6701661708); Xu, Qiang (56506033600); Huang, Runqiu (55835407700); Hales, Tristram Charles (9741921500)
57200700467; 12752112800; 56335047900; 6701661708; 56506033600; 55835407700; 9741921500
Modelling the role of material depletion, grain coarsening and revegetation in debris flow occurrences after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake
(2019) Engineering Geology, 250, pp. 34 - 44, Cited 99 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2019.01.010
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85060340204&doi=10.1016%2Fj.enggeo.2019.01.010&partnerID=40&md5=4fcdd8fee0ee1cf9979df20f63a89320

AFFILIATIONS: Engineering Geology and Applied Geophysics, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Faculty of Geosciences, Universiteit Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands; School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, South Glamorgan, Wales, United Kingdom
ABSTRACT: A large amount of debris was generated by the co-seismic mass wasting associated with the 2008 M <inf>w</inf> 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake. The abundance of this loose material along the slopes caused more frequent debris flows, triggered by less intense and/or shorter rainfalls. However, both the triggering rainfall and the debris flow frequency seem to have normalised progressively during the past decade. Although changes of rainfall thresholds for post-seismic debris flows were recorded after several major earthquakes, the factors controlling these changes remain poorly constrained. With the aid of a virtual experiment, we investigate the roles of material depletion, grain coarsening and revegetation of the co-seismic debris on the propagation and deposition of debris flows initiated by runoff, as well as their influence on the triggering rainfall thresholds. We employ a Geographic Information System (GIS)-based simulation of debris flow initiation by runoff erosion, which we first calibrate on the 14th August 2010 Hongchun gully event that occurred near the Wenchuan earthquake epicentre. We obtain, by investigating each of the aforementioned processes, changing critical rainfall intensity-duration thresholds for given debris flow runout distances. Grain coarsening appears to play a major role, which is consistent with published laboratory experiments, while material depletion and revegetation do not seem able to account alone for the actual quick decay of debris flow frequency. While the virtual experiment has proven useful in identifying the first-order controls on this decay, model improvements and verification over multiple catchments are needed to make the results useful in hazard assessments. © 2019 Elsevier B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flow evolution; Grain coarsening; Material depletion; Rainfall thresholds; Revegetation; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Catchments; Coarsening; Debris; Rain; Revegetation; Runoff; Soil conservation; Virtual reality; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Critical rainfall intensities; Debris flow occurrences; Debris flows; Grain coarsening; Laboratory experiments; Rainfall thresholds; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes; debris flow; earthquake epicenter; mass wasting; modeling; rainfall; revegetation; Sichuan earthquake 2008; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Abancó, Clàudia, Estimate of the debris-flow entrainment using field and topographical data, Natural Hazards, 71, 1, pp. 363-383, (2014); 
Abancó, Clàudia, Critical rainfall conditions for the initiation of torrential flows. Results from the Rebaixader catchment (Central Pyrenees), Journal of Hydrology, 541, pp. 218-229, (2016); 
Chang, Dongsheng, Field testing of erodibility of two landslide dams triggered by the 12 May Wenchuan earthquake, Landslides, 8, 3, pp. 321-332, (2011); 
Chen, Hongxin, EDDA 1.0: Integrated simulation of debris flow erosion, deposition and property changes, Geoscientific Model Development, 8, 3, pp. 829-844, (2015); 
Chen, Hongey, Recent rainfall-induced landslides and debris flow in northern Taiwan, Geomorphology, 77, 1-2, pp. 112-125, (2006); 
Chen, Hongxin, Evolution of debris flow properties and physical interactions in debris-flow mixtures in the Wenchuan earthquake zone, Engineering Geology, 182, PB, pp. 136-147, (2014); 
Cuomo, Sabatino, Rainfall-induced infiltration, runoff and failure in steep unsaturated shallow soil deposits, Engineering Geology, 162, pp. 118-127, (2013); 
Cuomo, Sabatino, Physically based modelling of soil erosion induced by rainfall in small mountain basins, Geomorphology, 243, pp. 106-115, (2015); 
Cuomo, Sabatino, Modelling the space–time evolution of bed entrainment for flow-like landslides, Engineering Geology, 212, pp. 10-20, (2016); 
de Roo, Ad P.J., The LISEM project: an introduction, Hydrological Processes, 10, 8, pp. 1021-1025, (1996)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GREEN ACCEPTED OPEN ACCESS; GREEN OPEN ACCESS

Fang, Q., Tang, C., Chen, Z., Wang, S., Yang, T.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Fang, Qunsheng (57022933100); Tang, Chuan (35932953300); Chen, Zhihe (55750392700); Wang, Shuaiyong (57022693100); Yang, Tao (57700401200)
57022933100; 35932953300; 55750392700; 57022693100; 57700401200
A calculation method for predicting the runout volume of dam-break and non-dam-break debris flows in the Wenchuan earthquake area
(2019) Geomorphology, 327, pp. 201 - 214, Cited 19 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2018.10.023
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85056232324&doi=10.1016%2Fj.geomorph.2018.10.023&partnerID=40&md5=b75f95a624f0a00d4bed6aa23462bfe3

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Water Resources and Environment, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Water Security in Southern China of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Sichuan Provincal Chuanjian Institute of Investigation and Design, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: The factors affecting debris flow runout volume changed considerably in the Wenchuan earthquake area. The main characteristic parameters for calculating the debris flow runout volume, namely, channelized landslide dam volume are first used to establish empirical models. A new empirical statistical model is established by applying a multivariate regression analysis to the runout volumes of dam-break and non-dam-break debris flows. Additionally, FLO-2D is used to simulate the debris flow runout volumes under the non-dam-breaking and dam-breaking scenarios. When the rainfall frequency is P = 1%, the predicted runout volumes in the Huaxi gully are 24.48 × 104 m3 under the non-dam-breaking scenario and 43.41 × 104 m3 under the dam-breaking scenario. The runout volume in the dam-breaking scenario is 6.07 × 104 m3 more than 1.77 times that in the non-dam-breaking scenario. The predicted runout range of the dam-breaking scenario is 1.16 times that of the non-dam-breaking scenario. The predicted alluvial fan areas and average accumulation depths in the dam-breaking scenario are larger than those in the non-dam-breaking scenario. The predicted runout volume of the dam-breaking scenario is 5.58 × 104 m3 which is less than the actual surveyed volume (48.99 × 104 m3). The relative error and accuracy of the numerical simulation results are −11.39 and 88.61% for the dam-breaking scenario. The new runout volume model was developed in catchments with abundant loose materials in the Wenchuan earthquake area and can thus be applied to debris flow gullies in meizoseismal areas with newly fractured regolith and abundant loose material to estimate runout volumes. The results of this study will help authorities select safe sites for future rehabilitation and relocation projects and can also be used as an important basis for debris flow risk management. © 2018
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Dam-breaking; Debris flows; FLO-2D; Non-dam-breaking; Runout volume model; Wenchuan earthquake area
INDEX KEYWORDS: dam failure; debris flow; landslide; modeling; prediction; software; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Akgun, Aykut, Landslide susceptibility mapping for a landslide-prone area (Findikli, NE of Turkey) by likelihood-frequency ratio and weighted linear combination models, Environmental Geology, 54, 6, pp. 1127-1143, (2008); 
Internationales Symposion Interpraevent 2012, (2012); 
Bertolo, Paola, Calibration of numerical models for small debris flows in Yosemite Valley, California, USA, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 5, 6, pp. 993-1001, (2005); 
Boniello, M. A., Rheological investigation and simulation of a debris-flow event in the Fella watershed, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 10, 5, pp. 989-997, (2010); 
Caballero, Lizeth, The use of FLO2D numerical code in lahar hazard evaluation at Popocatépetl volcano: A 2001 lahar scenario, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 14, 12, pp. 3345-3355, (2014); 
Chang, Tungchiung, Risk degree of debris flow applying neural networks, Natural Hazards, 42, 1, pp. 209-224, (2007); 
Quantitative Risk Assessment of Debris Flows in Co Seismic Area Based on Remote Sensing and Numerical Simulation, (2014); 
Chang, Tungchiung, Application of back-propagation networks in debris flow prediction, Engineering Geology, 85, 3-4, pp. 270-280, (2006); 
Chang, Chiwen, Estimation of sediment volume of debris flow caused by extreme rainfall in Taiwan, Engineering Geology, 123, 1-2, pp. 83-90, (2011); 
Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, (2004)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wu, J., Cui, Y., He, J., Liu, Y., Li, J., Lin, Y., Wang, D., Wu, C.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wu, Jianzhao (57203663248); Cui, Yu (57203657569); He, Jingwen (57208134982); Liu, Ying (57208133978); Li, Jian (47161257300); Lin, Yongming (8869314500); Wang, Daojie (55927225000); Wu, Chengzhen (8869314100)
57203663248; 57203657569; 57208134982; 57208133978; 47161257300; 8869314500; 55927225000; 8869314100
Characteristics of plants, soil nutrients and leaf stoichiometry at the early stage of ecological restoration in earthquake-affected area 震区生态治理初期植物,土壤的养分含量及叶片化学计量特征
(2019) Beijing Linye Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 41 (2), pp. 41 - 52, Cited 3 times.
DOI: 10.13332/j.1000-1522.20180329
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85066812074&doi=10.13332%2Fj.1000-1522.20180329&partnerID=40&md5=80db8e70ea0316e1adb1f8c5565f5894

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory for Forest Ecosystem Process and Management of Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; College of Ecology and Resources Engineering, Wuyi University, Wuyishan, Fujian, China
ABSTRACT: [Objective] Under the background of ecological restoration and reconstruction of earthquake-affected areas in southwestern China, exploring the characteristics of vegetation coverage, plant community species diversity, biomass change and six major mineral element contents, and plant carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) stoichiometry will help to fully understand the dynamic process of vegetation restoration in the earthquake-affected areas. [Method] The destroyed and treated plots and the undestroyed plots (control group) of Wenzhou Town (arid-valley climate region) in Wenchuan County and Hanwang Town (subtropical monsoon climate region) in the Mianzhu City of typical area of the severely affected Wenchuan earthquake were studied. The vegetation restoration and the main elements and their stoichiometric characteristics of different organs of the plant in the destroyed and treated area (DTA) and the undestroyed area (UA) were analyzed. [Result] (1) The vegetation restoration rate in the subtropical monsoon climate region (65.74%) was higher than that in the arid-valley climate region (50.68%), and the coefficient of variation of DTA in the arid-valley climate region and subtropical monsoon climate region was 40.44% and 23.06%, respectively, which was higher than UA by 14.49% and 8.62%. (2) Only stem biomass of plant organs showed significant difference between DTA and UA in two climate regions (P<0.05). Only leaf carbon content in plant organs showed that DTA was significantly larger than UA in the arid-valley climate region (P<0.05); (3)The element content in different plant organs was mainly N>K>Ca>Mg>P>Na; (4)Through the leaf nitrogen-phosphorus ratio (N:P), it was found that the DTA and UA in arid-valley climate region were mainly restricted by phosphorus (P), while the DTA and the UA in subtropical monsoon climate region were mainly restricted by nitrogen (N). [Conclusion] The above research shows that climate may be the dominant factor affecting vegetation restoration, and limited nutrient factors affecting vegetation and soil restoration should be fully considered. The research results can provide a scientific basis for the restoration and reconstruction of ecological functions in the earthquake-affected areas in southwestern China. © 2019, Editorial Department of Journal of Beijing Forestry University. All right reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Earthquake-affected area; Ecological restoration; Mineral element; Stoichiometric ratio; Vegetation
REFERENCES: J Soil Water Conserv, (2009); 
Cui, Peng, Characteristics and countermeasures of debris flow in Wenchuan area after the earthquake, Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 42, 5, pp. 10-19, (2010); 
Geological Review, (2010); 
Bull Chin Acad Sci, (2008); 
Wang, Zhaoyin, Continual erosion of bare rocks after the Wenchuan earthquake and control strategies, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 915-925, (2011); 
Zhang, Jindong, Impact of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake on biodiversity and giant panda habitat in Wolong Nature Reserve, China, Ecological Research, 26, 3, pp. 523-531, (2011); 
Wang, Zhaoyin, Mass movements triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake and management strategies of quake lakes, International Journal of River Basin Management, 7, 4, pp. 391-402, (2009); 
Cui, Peng, The 12 May Wenchuan earthquake-induced landslide lakes: Distribution and preliminary risk evaluation, Landslides, 6, 3, pp. 209-223, (2009); 
Liu, Bin, Key issues in restoration on earthquake-damaged ecosystem at the ecotone between dry valley and montane forest of the Minjiang River, Shengtai Xuebao, 28, 12, pp. 5892-5898, (2008); 
Pratacultural Science, (2011)
PUBLISHER: Beijing Forestry University bldxeb@bjfu.edu.cn
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Cui, S., Pei, X., Huang, R.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Cui, Shenghua (56660242900); Pei, Xiangjun (14058672500); Huang, Runqiu (55835407700)
56660242900; 14058672500; 55835407700
An initiation model of DGB landslide: non-coordinated deformation inducing rock damage in sliding zone during strong seismic shaking 大光包滑坡启动机制: 强震过程滑带非协调变形与岩体动力致损
(2019) Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 38 (2), pp. 237 - 253, Cited 28 times.
DOI: 10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2018.1041
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85066131640&doi=10.13722%2Fj.cnki.jrme.2018.1041&partnerID=40&md5=153f81ce9b7bf4a18a72b8b30ff9bf61

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: Daguangbao(DGB) landslide, with a 3 m deep fragmented rock zone at 1.8 km long sliding surface, is a gigantic landslide triggered by 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. The fragmented zone formed due to historical tectonic motion and Wenchuan earthquake. Because of the unique and complexity, DGB landslide is wildly studied over the world. Based on 10 years' investigations, a geological model of DGB landslide was proposed. DGB landslide was a gigantic earthquake-induced landslide in carbonate strata and shear failure was triggered in a bedding fault. Shaking table model test was conducted with a weak layer simplified from the bedding fault. The results reveal that the deformations of the weak layer and the upper hard layer are discordant during vibration and the discordant deformation results in vibrating compression-tension or vibrating shearing pressure within the weak layer. It was concluded that rock fragmentation within the shear zone is ascribed to the discordant deformation response of the bedding fault and that the discordant deformation of the bedding fault and the corresponding rock dynamic damage trigger DGB landslide. © 2019, Science Press. All right reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Daguangbao; Discordant deformation; Rock damage; Shaking table; Slope engineering; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Deformation; Earthquakes; Landslides; Rock bursts; Rocks; Daguangbao; Rock damage; Shaking tables; Slope engineering; Wenchuan Earthquake; Faulting
REFERENCES: Yan, Zhixin, Study of dynamic response of bedding rock slope under earthquake and influence of ground motion parameters, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 30, SUPPL. 2, pp. 3522-3528, (2011); 
Liu, Hangxiang, Influence of a weak interlayer of different thicknesses and dip angles on seismic acceleration responses of a slope, Meitan Xuebao/Journal of the China Coal Society, 41, pp. 118-124, (2016); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2003); 
Fan, Liuming, Dynamic response model for thin soft interlayer considering interbedded reflecting waves, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 25, 1, pp. 88-92, (2006); 
Fan, Liuming, Transmission model of weak intercalation and its vibration isolation properties, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 24, 14, pp. 2456-2462, (2005); 
Journal of Chongqing University Natural Science, (2007); 
Qi, Shengwen, Resonance effect existence or not for landslides triggered by 2008 Wenchuan earthquake: A reply to the comment by Drs. Xu Chong and Xu Xiwei, Engineering Geology, 151, pp. 128-130, (2012); 
Journal of Lanzhou Jiaotong University, (2004); 
Yin, Yueping, Dynamic response characteristics of Daguangbao landslide triggered by Wenchuan earthquake, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 31, 10, pp. 1969-1982, (2012); 
Cui, Shenghua, Seismic responses of wake interlayer and initiation mechanisms of large landslides during strong earthquake, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 37, 6, pp. 1560-1561, (2018)
PUBLISHER: Academia Sinica kjwang@public.wh.hb.cn
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zhang, Y.-J., Nian, T.-K., Wang, L., Tang, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhang, Yanjun (55879477900); Nian, Tingkai (6506203069); Wang, Liang (57188832635); Tang, Jun (57208145296)
55879477900; 6506203069; 57188832635; 57208145296
Research on Similar Materials for Physical Model Tests of Rock Slopes 岩质边坡物理模型试验相似材料研究
(2019) Xinan Jiaotong Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University, 54 (1), pp. 55 - 72, Cited 8 times.
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.20160366
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85063969981&doi=10.3969%2Fj.issn.0258-2724.20160366&partnerID=40&md5=aa86f5689a23ec480e4e7d198d13d045

AFFILIATIONS: School of Civil Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China; Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China
ABSTRACT: In the selection and manufacture of similar materials for physical model tests of rock slopes, only the similarities in the magnitudes of density, cohesion, internal friction angle and elastic modulus were generally taken into consideration. The ability of the obtained similar materials to reproduce the strength and deformation behaviors of rock masses under complicated stress conditions was typically not considered. First, limestone and sandstone were herein selected as sedimentary rock prototypes, according to the stratigraphy of Wenchuan earthquake-induced landslides. After the primary control indexes and manufacturing process were determined, two common configuration methods for similar materials in geological models were used to manufacture the standard samples for triaxial compression tests. Finally, static triaxial compression tests of the standard samples were conducted to study the stress-strain behaviors and failure modes of two similar materials under various confining pressures. The experimental results indicated that, before the shear failure of standard samples, the stress-strain curves of two similar materials were observed to have a linear elastic relationship under the different confining pressures, and were in accordance with those of the actual rocks. When shear failure of standard samples occurred under different ratios of confining pressure to uniaxial compression strength, the ratios of the deviatoric stresses acting on the samples to the corresponding uniaxial compression strengths were close to those of the actual rocks, whereas the failure strains of similar materials were less than those of the actual rocks. © 2019, Editorial Department of Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University. All right reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Model slopes; Sedimentary rocks; Similar materials; Stress-strain behaviors; Triaxial compression tests
INDEX KEYWORDS: Compression testing; Earthquakes; Elasticity; Lime; Manufacture; Rock mechanics; Rock pressure; Sedimentology; Strain; Stratigraphy; Strength of materials; Stress-strain curves; Deformation behavior; Different confining pressures; Internal friction angle; Manufacturing process; Similar material; Stress-strain behaviors; Tri-axial compression tests; Uni-axial compression; Sedimentary rocks
REFERENCES: Xu, Qiang, Large-scale shaking table test study of acceleration dynamic responses characteristics of slopes, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 29, 12, pp. 2420-2428, (2010); 
Liu, Hangxiang, Shaking table model test on slope dynamic deformation and failure, Yantu Lixue/Rock and Soil Mechanics, 32, SUPPL.2, pp. 334-339, (2011); 
Large-scale shaking table model test study on failure of layered rocky slope under strong ground motion, 31, 4, pp. 143-149; 
Dong, Jinyu, The large-scale shaking table test study of dynamic response and failure mode of bedding rock slope under earthquake, Yantu Lixue/Rock and Soil Mechanics, 32, 10, pp. 2977-2988, (2011); 
Yang, Guoxiang, Shaking table model test on dynamic response characteristics and failure mechanism of antidip layered rock slope, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 31, 11, pp. 2214-2221, (2012); 
Yang, Guoxiang, Study of dynamic response characters and failure mechanism of rock slope under earthquake, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 31, 4, pp. 696-702, (2012); 
Dong, Jinyu, Large-scale shaking table test research on acceleration response rules of bedding layered rock slope and its blocking mechanism of river, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 32, SUPPL.2, pp. 3861-3867, (2013); 
Yang, Changwei, Landslide responses of high steep hill with two-side slopes under ground shaking, Xinan Jiaotong Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University, 48, 3, pp. 415-422, (2013); 
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Wang, Hanpeng, Development of a new geomechanical similar material, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 25, 9, pp. 1842-1847, (2006)
PUBLISHER: Science Press yanmh@neigae.ac.cn
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Cui, S., Pei, X., Huang, R., Zhang, W., Liang, Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Cui, Shenghua (56660242900); Pei, Xiangjun (14058672500); Huang, Runqiu (55835407700); Zhang, Weifeng (55706462700); Liang, Yufei (57208153398)
56660242900; 14058672500; 55835407700; 55706462700; 57208153398
Discontinuities and Engineering Geological Significances of Strong Earthquake-Induced Daguangbao Landslide 大光包滑坡不连续地质特征及其工程地质意义
(2019) Xinan Jiaotong Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University, 54 (1), pp. 61 - 72, Cited 8 times.
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.20160480
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85063937506&doi=10.3969%2Fj.issn.0258-2724.20160480&partnerID=40&md5=63deb46ac02f445b775fc9bc6fb7269d

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: The Daguangbao (DGB) landslide is the largest landslide triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and considered as one of the largest of these events in the world. In this paper, the geological cause of the DGB landslide was analysed on the basis of rich photographs, remote sensing images, and orientation data. The discontinuity features of the landslide scarp, slip zone, and deposition were investigated firstly, and then the formations of these discontinuities were studied. The effects of strong seismic shaking, geological discontinuities, and ground water on the DGB landslide were discussed. The results showed that the initiation and deposition of the DGB landslide were dominated by geological discontinuities such as local faults, bedding faults, and joint sets, which were developed during the formation of an anticline. Strong ground shaking of the Wenchuan earthquake induced the failure of these geological discontinuities, and ground water might have finally initiated the DGB landslide during the earthquake-induced discontinuity connectivity. © 2019, Editorial Department of Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University. All right reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Geological structure; Ground water; Rock structure; Sliding zone; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Deposition; Earthquake effects; Groundwater; Landslides; Remote sensing; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Daguangbao landslides; Geological significance; Geological structures; Remote sensing images; Rock structures; Sliding zone; Wenchuan Earthquake; Faulting
REFERENCES: undefined; 
Liu, Jingshuang Jinglan, The Ms 8. 0 Wenchuan Earthquake co-seismic rupture and its tectonic implications - An out-of-sequence thrusting event with slip partitioned on multiple faults, Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition), 82, 12, pp. 1707-1722, (2008); 
Xu, Chong, Three (nearly) complete inventories of landslides triggered by the May 12, 2008 Wenchuan Mw 7.9 earthquake of China and their spatial distribution statistical analysis, Landslides, 11, 3, pp. 441-461, (2014); 
Xu, Qiang, Spatial distribution of large-scale landslides induced by the 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake, Journal of Mountain Science, 8, 2, pp. 246-260, (2011); 
undefined; 
Huang, Runqiu, Cataclastic characteristics and formation mechanism of rock mass in sliding zone of Daguangbao landslide, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 35, 1, pp. 1-15, (2016); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2025); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2010); 
Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011); 
Huang, Runqiu, Research on development and distribution rules of geohazards induced by Wenchuan earthquake on 12th May, 2008, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 27, 12, pp. 2585-2592, (2008)
PUBLISHER: Science Press yanmh@neigae.ac.cn
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Cheng, H.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Cheng, Haiqin (55323368700)
55323368700
Spatiotemporal pattern of wenchuan earthquake landslides in longmenshan area from time series radar interferometry 时序雷达干涉测量探测汶川地震龙门山区滑坡的时空分布特征
(2019) Cehui Xuebao/Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 48 (2), pp. 265, Cited 1 times.
DOI: 10.11947/j.AGCS.2019.20180047
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85063346222&doi=10.11947%2Fj.AGCS.2019.20180047&partnerID=40&md5=deaa4f13c48700235b6403bb2f07ea32

AFFILIATIONS: East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
INDEX KEYWORDS: hazard assessment; landslide; radar interferometry; remote sensing; satellite altimetry; spatiotemporal analysis; time series analysis; China; Longmen Mountains
PUBLISHER: SinoMaps Press
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Qu, Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Qu, Yongping (56549385600)
56549385600
Study on transformation rate of sources to debris flows in meizoseismal area
(2019) Quaternary International, 503, pp. 51 - 58, Cited 2 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.quaint.2018.10.021
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85056995079&doi=10.1016%2Fj.quaint.2018.10.021&partnerID=40&md5=2d1899b5381d7ec8996b5041e3f8cc76

AFFILIATIONS: Sichuan College of Architectural Technology, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Since “5.12″ Wenchuan earthquake, a series of debris flows disasters was triggered under precipitation condition, such as “9.26″ “8.14, “7.03” and “7.10” debris flows. In order to study the relationship between the residual sources and debris flows running-outs volume, it was particularly important to study the transformation rate of sources to debris flows, which indicate the eroding degree of sources, and mobilizing into debris flows. According to field reconnaissance of sources and statistical analysis of erosion volume of sources, found out that the transformation rate of sources to debris flows was related to the had occurrences times of debris flows, the drainage area of debris flow gullies, the reserve volume of sources, etc. And the transformation rate of sources has an exponential decay relationship with the occurred times of debris flows. According to error analysis of transformation rate model discovering the error rate ranged from 0 to 0.23%, and according to the verification of transformation rate model, the error value of transformation rate ranged from 0 to 5%. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flows; Meizoseismal area; Runout volume; Sources reserve volume; Transformation rate
INDEX KEYWORDS: debris flow; earthquake damage; gully erosion; precipitation intensity; Sichuan earthquake 2008; transformation; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Alexander, David E., Urban landslides, Progress in Physical Geography, 13, 2, pp. 157-189, (1989); 
Burt, Timothy P.(Ed), Long-term study of the natural environment - perceptive science or mindless monitoring?, Progress in Physical Geography, 18, 4, pp. 475-496, (1994); 
Burchfiel, B. Clark, Tectonics of the Longmen Shan and Adjacent Regions, Central China, International Geology Review, 37, 8, pp. 661-735, (1995); 
Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011); 
Gabet, Emmanuel J., The mobilization of debris flows from shallow landslides, Geomorphology, 74, 1-4, pp. 207-218, (2006); 
Event Based Landslide Susceptibility and Rainfall Induced Landslide Probability Prediction Model in the Zengwen Reservoir Catchment, (2017); 
Huang, Runqiu, Analysis of the geo-hazards triggered by the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake, China, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 68, 3, pp. 363-371, (2009); 
Hürlimann, Marcel, Detailed debris flow hazard assessment in Andorra: A multidisciplinary approach, Geomorphology, 78, 3-4, pp. 359-372, (2006); 
Iverson, Richard M., Debris-flow mobilization from landslides, Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 25, pp. 85-138, (1997); 
Keefer, David K., Statiscal analysis of an earthquake-induced landslide distribution - The 1989 Loma Prieta, California event, Engineering Geology, 58, 3-4, pp. 231-249, (2000)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier Ltd
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Fan, X., Scaringi, G., Domènech, G., Yang, F., Guo, X., Dai, L., He, C., Xu, Q., Huang, R.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Fan, Xuanmei (12752112800); Scaringi, Gianvito (56335047900); Domènech, Guillem (57200700467); Yang, Fan (57200696169); Guo, Xiaojun (55636231600); Dai, Lanxin (57196005924); He, Chaoyang (36918503300); Xu, Qiang (56506033600); Huang, Runqiu (55835407700)
12752112800; 56335047900; 57200700467; 57200696169; 55636231600; 57196005924; 36918503300; 56506033600; 55835407700
Two multi-temporal datasets that track the enhanced landsliding after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake
(2019) Earth System Science Data, 11 (1), pp. 35 - 55, Cited 114 times.
DOI: 10.5194/essd-11-35-2019
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85059854150&doi=10.5194%2Fessd-11-35-2019&partnerID=40&md5=65f4d9f46aeae542a5b6799f60f763e8

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Engineering Geology and Applied Geophysics, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: We release two datasets that track the enhanced landsliding induced by the 2008 Mw 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake over a portion of the Longmen Mountains, at the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau (Sichuan, China). The first dataset is a geo-referenced multi-temporal polygon-based inventory of pre- A nd coseismic landslides, post-seismic remobilisations of coseismic landslide debris and post-seismic landslides (new failures). It covers 471 km2 in the earthquake's epicentral area, from 2005 to 2018. The second dataset records the debris flows that occurred from 2008 to 2017 in a larger area (∼ 17000 km2), together with information on their triggering rainfall as recorded by a network of rain gauges. For some well-monitored events, we provide more detailed data on rainfall, discharge, flow depth and density. The datasets can be used to analyse, on various scales, the patterns of landsliding caused by the earthquake. They can be compared to inventories of landslides triggered by past or new earthquakes or by other triggers to reveal common or distinctive controlling factors. To our knowledge, no other inventories that track the temporal evolution of earthquake-induced mass wasting have been made freely available thus far. Our datasets can be accessed from https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1405489. We also encourage other researchers to share their datasets to facilitate research on post-seismic geological hazards. © 2019 Author(s).
REFERENCES: Broeckx, Jente, A data-based landslide susceptibility map of Africa, Earth-Science Reviews, 185, pp. 102-121, (2018); 
Corominas, Jordi, Recommendations for the quantitative analysis of landslide risk, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 73, 2, pp. 209-263, (2014); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2008); 
Cui, Peng, The Wenchuan Earthquake (May 12, 2008), Sichuan Province, China, and resulting geohazards, Natural Hazards, 56, 1, pp. 19-36, (2011); 
Cui, Peng, Real-time observation of an active debris flow watershed in the Wenchuan Earthquake area, Geomorphology, 321, pp. 153-166, (2018); 
Dadson, Simon J., Earthquake-triggered increase in sediment delivery from an active mountain belt, Geology, 32, 8, pp. 733-736, (2004); 
Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011); 
Ding, Hairong, Increased sediment discharge driven by heavy rainfall after Wenchuan earthquake: A case study in the upper reaches of the Min River, Sichuan, China, Quaternary International, 333, pp. 122-129, (2014); 
Zenodo, (2018); 
Đurić, Dragana, Using multiresolution and multitemporal satellite data for post-disaster landslide inventory in the Republic of Serbia, Landslides, 14, 4, pp. 1467-1482, (2017)
PUBLISHER: Copernicus GmbH info@copernicus.org
DOCUMENT TYPE: Review
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Tang, C., Tanyas, H., Van Westen, C.J., Tang, C., Fan, X., Jetten, V.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Tang, Chenxiao (55486336700); Tanyas, Hakan (55631635400); Van Westen, Cees J. (6701664942); Tang, Chuan (35932953300); Fan, Xuanmei (12752112800); Jetten, Victor G. (6601999985)
55486336700; 55631635400; 6701664942; 35932953300; 12752112800; 6601999985
Analysing post-earthquake mass movement volume dynamics with multi-source DEMs
(2019) Engineering Geology, 248, pp. 89 - 101, Cited 50 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2018.11.010
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85057248094&doi=10.1016%2Fj.enggeo.2018.11.010&partnerID=40&md5=2b7916ee0a95d29a87011d41f03c553e

AFFILIATIONS: Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation – ITC, Enschede, Overijssel, Netherlands; State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection (SKLGP), Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan, China, dramatically changed the terrain surface by inducing large numbers of landslides. Due to the lack of adequate pre- and post-earthquake Digital Elevation Models, the landslide volume estimation was done either using empirical area-volume relationships over large areas or by field surveys in a few catchments with debris flow threats. The trend of the change of volume of loose materials in the earthquake affected area over the decade since the earthquake remains largely unknown. In this study we were able to address this issue using nine DEMs taken at different years and from different sensors to study the change in loose material volume caused by co-seismic and post-seismic landslides over a period of 9 years. The area around the towns of Yingxiu and Longchi, for which also multi-temporal landslide inventories were available, was selected for this study. Methods to register the DEMs and minimize their vertically bias were applied. The quality of the DEMs was assessed through GCPs and terrain representation. As could be expected, high resolution DEMs showed more realistic volume estimates than the low resolution ones. The analysis showed that the frequency and magnitude of the landslide volume dynamics decreases significantly after the early post-seismic period, and in the last years human activities became a more dominate factor than mass movements. The post-seismic material loss from 2008 to 2014 was close to the gained volume of the co-seismic landslides, and the depletion of the materials was mostly at the toes of the co-seismic landslides. The analysis was done based on gain and loss calculated from the DEMs, and actual volumes could not be calculated due to unknown failure surface depths of the landslides. © 2018 The Authors
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: DEM registration; Digital elevation model; Landslide; Multi-temporal; Volume estimation; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Catchments; Digital instruments; Earthquakes; Forestry; Geomorphology; Surveying; DEM registration; Digital elevation model; Multi-temporal; Volume estimations; Wenchuan Earthquake; Landslides; coseismic process; debris flow; digital elevation model; estimation method; frequency analysis; landslide; magnitude; resolution; Sichuan earthquake 2008; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: undefined, (2017); 
Barbarella, Maurizio, Landslide monitoring using multitemporal terrestrial laser scanning for ground displacement analysis, Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk, 6, 5-7, pp. 398-418, (2015); 
Chen, Roufei, Topographical changes revealed by high-resolution airborne LiDAR data: The 1999 Tsaoling landslide induced by the Chi-Chi earthquake, Engineering Geology, 88, 3-4, pp. 160-172, (2006); 
Chen, Zhanpeng, Measuring and calculation methods for landslide volume with 3-D laser scanner in Wenchuan earthquake area, Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 29, 8, pp. 135-144, (2013); 
Chen, Qiang, Quantification of mass wasting volume associated with the giant landside Daguangbao induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake from persistent scatterer InSAR, Remote Sensing of Environment, 152, pp. 125-135, (2014); 
Clauset, Aaron J., Power-law distributions in empirical data, SIAM Review, 51, 4, pp. 661-703, (2009); 
Transportation Research Board National Academy of Sciences, (1996); 
Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011); 
Dewitte, Olivier, Tracking landslide displacements by multi-temporal DTMs: A combined aerial stereophotogrammetric and LIDAR approach in western Belgium, Engineering Geology, 99, 1-2, pp. 11-22, (2008); 
Fan, Jianrong, Empirical-statistical models based on remote sensing for estimating the volume of landslides induced by the Wenchuan earthquake, Journal of Mountain Science, 8, 5, pp. 711-717, (2011)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GREEN ACCEPTED OPEN ACCESS; GREEN OPEN ACCESS; HYBRID GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Fu, Z., Long, J., Chang, M.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Fu, Zhiyong (57210913956); Long, Jingjing (57193233668); Chang, Ming (36727157900)
57210913956; 57193233668; 36727157900
Distribution characteristics and evolution rules of sediment supply for debris flow occurrence around Longchi Town of Dujiangyan City，Sichuan Province 汶川地震前后四川都江堰龙池镇地区泥石流物源分布特征及其演化规律
(2019) Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control, 30 (6), pp. 10 - 19, Cited 4 times.
DOI: 10.16031/j.cnki.issn.1003-8035.2019.06.02
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85152115666&doi=10.16031%2Fj.cnki.issn.1003-8035.2019.06.02&partnerID=40&md5=31248491c1f87a2c6425c46d77d4cc65

AFFILIATIONS: China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China; State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: A number of debris flows have occurred since the occurrence of the Wenchuan earthquake in Longchi village of Dujiangyan City，China． The ＲS and GIS techniques combined with the field investigation were conducted in this paper． Five-period remote sensing images，before and after Wenchuan earthquake，were selected to examine distribution characteristics and evolution rules of sediment supply for debris flow in recent ten years． The results show that sediments found after the Wenchuan earthquake are mainly distributed in the sandstone area with the slope angle of 36° to 46°． Most of them spread over the slope aspects of east and southeast，within 300 m from faults． After the rainstorm in 2010，the sediments are mainly distributed in the sandstone area with the slope angle of 26° to 46°． The favorable aspects and distance to faults do not make any change． Five years after Wenchuan earthquake，the sediments are mainly distributed in the south-aspect area with a distance of more than 300 m from faultst，which is different from these after the Wenchuan earthquake and heavy rainfall in 2011. The number and area of sediment are stated for analyzing the evolution rules of sediments in the study area． The statistic result shows that the number and area of sediments increased sharply after the Wenchuan earthquake，then decreased gradually，and finally recovered to the amount of preearthquake level ten years later． The evolution rules of sediments in the study area are basically the same as the overall evolution trend of sediments for debris flow in slope，slope aspect，distance from faults and lithology． © 2019 Editorial Office of The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazards and Control
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: debris flow; distribution characteristics; evolution rule; sediment; Wenchuan earthquake
REFERENCES: Journal of the China Ailway Society, (1992); 
Huang, Runqiu, Research on development and distribution rules of geohazards induced by Wenchuan earthquake on 12th May, 2008, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 27, 12, pp. 2585-2592, (2008); 
Advances in Water Science, (2006); 
Huang, Runqiu, The landslide story, Nature Geoscience, 6, 5, pp. 325-326, (2013); 
Chang, Ming, Hazard assessment of debris flows in the Wenchuan earthquake-stricken area, South West China, Landslides, 14, 5, pp. 1783-1792, (2017); 
Comparing Models of Debris Flow Susceptibility in the Alpine Environment J Geomorphology, (2008); 
Blahůt, Jan, Analysis of landslide inventories for accurate prediction of debris-flow source areas, Geomorphology, 119, 1-2, pp. 36-51, (2010); 
Evolution of Earthquake Triggered Landslides in the Kashmir Himalaya Northern Pakistan J Geomorphology, (2010); 
Giordan, Daniele, Morphological and kinematic evolution of a large earthflow: The Montaguto landslide, southern Italy, Geomorphology, 187, pp. 61-79, (2013); 
Tseng, Chihming, Application of a multi-temporal, LiDAR-derived, digital terrain model in a landslide-volume estimation, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 38, 13, pp. 1587-1601, (2013)
PUBLISHER: Editorial Office of The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazards and Control
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wen, M., Liu, C., Liu, Y., Fang, Z.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wen, Mingsheng (24385977500); Liu, Chuanzheng (59772763200); Liu, Yanhui (55742113200); Fang, Zhiwei (57203835364)
24385977500; 59772763200; 55742113200; 57203835364
Regional warning of geological hazards in high seismic intensity area of Wenchuan Earthquake 汶川地震高烈度区崩滑流灾害区域预警
(2019) Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control, 30 (1), pp. 10 - 19, Cited 6 times.
DOI: 10.16031/j.cnki.issn.1003-8035.2019.01.02
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85140343601&doi=10.16031%2Fj.cnki.issn.1003-8035.2019.01.02&partnerID=40&md5=6c8c18d2fc7a3c47f277618cf2200974

AFFILIATIONS: China Institute of Geo-Environment Monitoring, Beijing, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: The regional early-warning methods for geological hazards were studied in 11 counties of Wenchuan earthquake high seismic intensity area (Wenchuan, Beichuan, Mianzhu, Qingchuan, Maoxian, Dujiangyan, Anxian, Shifang, Pengzhou, Pingwu and Wenxian). The research contents included developmental grade, potential grade and dangerous grade early warning. The types of geological hazard change from landslide and collapse before earthquake to debris flow after earthquake. The number of hazards after earthquake is 8. 7 times before earthquake. The distribution area of high developmental grade zone is 204. 32 km, there were 8. 11 hazards per square kilometer, and locating in Shifang, Mianzhu, Anxian, Wenxian, and Wenxian. The potential grade indexes of geo-hazards were worked out according to 11 assessment factors such as landform gradient, aspect, elevation, stratigraphic layers, topographic feature, fault structure, seismic intensity, average annual precipitation, river system, human engineering activities (roads) and developmental grade index, etc. The area of extremely high potential grade aeeounted for 4. 17% of the total area. The number of hazard points aeeounted for 44. 15% of the total hazards. There are 2.44 hazards per square kilometer. The areas of high potential grade were facial distribution and locally linear distribution. The early warning of dangerous grade included 3 factors, which were seismic activity, rainfall in flood season and daily precipitation. The high dangerous grade areas caused by the earthquake were mainly in Wenchuan, Dujiangyan, Pengzhou, Shifang, Mianzhu, Qingchuan and Wenxian, etc. The high dangerous grade areas caused by the rainfall in flood season of 2013 were Dujiangyan, Mianzhu, Anxian, Beichuan, Pingwu and Wenxian, etc. The high dangerous grade areas caused by the daily precipitation at July 9, 2013 were Dujiangyan, Pengzhou, Shifang, Mianzhu and Anxian, etc. The actual hazard points of the 3 triggering factors were in good agreement with the key areas of the dangerous grade early warning. The research method in this paper can be used as a scientific support for geological hazard early warning triggered by earthquake, rainfall in flood season, and daily precipitation. © 2019 Editorial Office of The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazards and Control. All rights reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: dangerous grade; developmental grade; geological hazard; potential grade; regional early-warning
REFERENCES: Huang, Runqiu, Research on development and distribution rules of geohazards induced by Wenchuan earthquake on 12th May, 2008, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 27, 12, pp. 2585-2592, (2008); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2011); 
Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control, (2017); 
Yin, Yueping, Long runout geological disaster initiated by the ridge-top rockslide in a strong earthquake area: A case study of the Xinmo landslide in Maoxian County, Sichuan Province, Geology in China, 44, 5, pp. 827-841, (2017); 
Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, (2016); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2010); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2010); 
Yin, Yueping, Landslide hazards triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China, Landslides, 6, 2, pp. 139-152, (2009); 
Yin, Yueping, Catastrophic landslides associated with the M8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 70, 1, pp. 15-32, (2011); 
Journal of Geological Hazards and Environment Preservation, (2009)
PUBLISHER: Editorial Office of The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazards and Control
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zhang, Z.-L., Xie, J., Yu, D.-K., Wen, Z.-J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhang, Zhilong (56068563200); Xie, Jing (55937478100); Yu, De Ke (57219903916); Wen, Zhijie (57220850362)
56068563200; 55937478100; 57219903916; 57220850362
ANALYSIS OF A DEBRIS FLOW AFTER WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE AND DISCUSSION ON PREVENTIVE MEASURES
(2019) Thermal Science, 23 (3), pp. 1563 - 1570, Cited 4 times.
DOI: 10.2298/TSCI180811224Z
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85095986260&doi=10.2298%2FTSCI180811224Z&partnerID=40&md5=fee4d51fff66a97074d20bed1f7ac9c7

AFFILIATIONS: Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China
ABSTRACT: This paper addresses a debris flow disaster in Yingxiu town after the Wenchuan earthquake. Through site investigation and data review, the geography and geological environment of the basin and the development, formation conditions and activity characteristics of the debris flow in the basin are analyzed. Calculate and analyze the characteristics of the debris flow, such as gravity, flow velocity and impact force. According to the management idea of combination of blocking and discharging, this paper proposes to arrange three blocking dams in the main ditch, construct drainage gullies in the downstream accumulation section, and prevent and control the aqueduct in the intersection of the main ditch and the G213 national road, which will be similar to the earthquake in the future. It is provided as a reference for research and prevention of the debris flow. © 2020
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: debris flow; debris flow characteristics; debris flow control; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Catchments; Earthquakes; Flow velocity; Blockings; Debris flow characteristic; Debris flow control; Debris flows; Flow characteristic; Preventive measures; Site investigations; Wenchuan Earthquake; Debris
REFERENCES: Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control, (2012); 
Journal of Highway and Transportation Technology, (2013); 
Gee, Martin J.R., Giant striations at the base of a submarine landslide, Marine Geology, 214, 1-3, pp. 287-294, (2005); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2010); 
Science and Technology Edition, (2012); 
Penserini, Brian D., A morphologic proxy for debris flow erosion with application to the earthquake deformation cycle, Cascadia Subduction Zone, USA, Geomorphology, 282, pp. 150-161, (2017); 
Tang, Chuan, Rainfall-triggered debris flows following the Wenchuan earthquake, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 68, 2, pp. 187-194, (2009); 
Cui, Peng, Characteristics and countermeasures of debris flow in Wenchuan area after the earthquake, Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 42, 5, pp. 10-19, (2010); 
Qiu, Junling, The catastrophic landside in Maoxian County, Sichuan, SW China, on June 24, 2017, Natural Hazards, 89, 3, pp. 1485-1493, (2017); 
Study on the Genetic Model and Movement Characteristics of Slope Type Debris Flow in Yingxiu Magmatic Rock Area of Wenchuan Earthquake in Chinese, (2015)
PUBLISHER: Serbian Society of Heat Transfer Engineers
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Yang, C., Yang, G., Zhang, J., Ma, H.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Yang, Changwei (55635393100); Yang, Guotao (56984692900); Zhang, Jianjing (36669710100); Ma, Hongsheng (59283771100)
55635393100; 56984692900; 36669710100; 59283771100
Three dimensional space-time analysis theory of geotechnical seismic engineering
(2019), pp. 1 - 366, Cited 3 times.
DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-3356-9
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85086213184&doi=10.1007%2F978-981-13-3356-9&partnerID=40&md5=5a8751447adffc82bdcdf747d778582e

AFFILIATIONS: Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; China Railway Group Limited, Beijing, China; Sichuan Provincial Transport Department, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: Written by respected experts, this book presents essential findings on the Wenchuan earthquake. It establishes a series of time–frequency analysis methods, and subsequently applies them to the layered site, slope, and earth-retaining wall. Further, it examines various cases and their solutions, and shares the results of numerous shaking-table tests and numerical simulations. As such, it is a valuable resource for researchers and engineers in the fields of geotechnical engineering and anti-seismic engineering. © Science Press and Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2019.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Earthquake; Hilbert-Huang Tansform; Landslide; Retaining wall; Seismic Dynamic Time Frequency Theory; Time-Frequency analysis method
REFERENCES: Principle of Seismic Design of Engineering Structures M, (2002); 
Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering M, (2007); 
Earthquake Engineering, (2006); 
An Introduction to Engineering Wave M, (1996); 
Intensity Standard and Intensity Revolution A the Institute of Engineering Mechanics State Seismological Bureau, (1992); 
Seismic Damage of Tangshan Earthquake, (2025); 
An Introduction to Earthquake Engineering M, (1992); 
Strong Earthquake Records in China, (1995); 
Soil Dynamics M, (2000); 
Building Vibration Engineering Handbook, (2002)
PUBLISHER: Springer Singapore
DOCUMENT TYPE: Book
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Chen, J., Chen, X., Zhao, W., You, Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Chen, Jiangang (56013367200); Chen, Xiaoqing (55739112600); Zhao, Wanyu (23973928300); You, Yong (35811595800)
56013367200; 55739112600; 23973928300; 35811595800
Debris-flow mitigation measures and an application case in a small-scale watershed in China
(2019), pp. 928 - 935, Cited 1 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85078220447&partnerID=40&md5=d94cc4f95c95b0449776b4eb510f78a5

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: The Wenchuan earthquake in China (May 12, 2008) triggered numerous debris flows, some of which caused serious secondary disasters, such as in Wenjia gully (Sichuan Province) and Sanyanyu gully (Gansu Province). To solve this problem, a planning method for debris-flow mitigation engineering measures was proposed based on watershed and river sediment transport characteristics. This method aids in the selection of engineering measures to effectively prevent secondary disasters and control unconsolidated soil and debris-flow movement from upstream to downstream. Several measures are considered in the proposed method, including check dams and transverse structures built across gullies, which are important engineering measures in debris-flow hazard mitigation. Based on the developed planning method, new types of check dams were proposed, the regulation effect of sediment particle size in slit check dams was qualitatively analyzed, and the design parameters (e.g., deposition slope, deposition length, and dam height) of the check dams were deduced. Moreover, a series of drainage channels was proposed to cross highways and discharge debris flows into the river or debris-flow deposition basin below. Finally, an engineering application case in Xiaogangjian gully, Sichuan Province, China, was examined using the proposed watershed planning method, in which a series of check dams with different orifices sizes was constructed. The engineering application results provide useful data for developing check dams as a restoration tool and hazard mitigation technology in small watersheds. © 2019 Debris-Flow Hazards Mitigation: Mechanics, Monitoring, Modeling, and Assessment - Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Debris-Flow Hazards Mitigation. All rights reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Check dam; Debris flow; Drainage channel; Mitigation measures; Small-scale watershed
INDEX KEYWORDS: Catchments; Dams; Deposition; Disaster prevention; Disasters; Drainage; Earthquakes; Hazards; Landforms; Particle size; Rivers; Sediment transport; Watersheds; Check dam; Debris flows; Drainage channels; Mitigation measures; Small scale; Debris
REFERENCES: Armanini, Aronne, RATIONAL CRITERION FOR DESIGNING OPENING OF SLIT-CHECK DAM, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 127, 2, pp. 94-104, (2001); 
Canelli, L., Debris flow risk mitigation by the means of rigid and flexible barriers - Experimental tests and impact analysis, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 12, 5, pp. 1693-1699, (2012); 
Chen, Jiangang, Types and causes of debris flow damage to drainage channels in the Wenchuan earthquake area, Journal of Mountain Science, 11, 6, pp. 1406-1419, (2014); 
Chen, Jiangang, Debris flow drainage channel with energy dissipation structures: Experimental study and engineering application, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 144, 10, (2018); 
Chen, Xiaoqing, Assessment of prospective hazards resulting from the 2017 earthquake at the world heritage site Jiuzhaigou Valley, Sichuan, China, Journal of Mountain Science, 15, 4, pp. 779-792, (2018); 
Chen, Xiaoqing, Engineering measures for debris flow hazard mitigation in the Wenchuan earthquake area, Engineering Geology, 194, pp. 73-85, (2015); 
Cui, Peng, Activity and distribution of geohazards induced by the Lushan earthquake, April 20, 2013, Natural Hazards, 73, 2, pp. 711-726, (2014); 
Cui, Peng, Scale amplification of natural debris flows caused by cascading landslide dam failures, Geomorphology, 182, pp. 173-189, (2013); 
Godt, Jonathan W., Alpine debris flows triggered by a 28 July 1999 thunderstorm in the central Front Range, Colorado, Geomorphology, 84, 1-2, pp. 80-97, (2007); 
Hassanli, Ali Morad, Evaluation of the effect of porous check dam location on fine sediment retention (a case study), Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 152, 1-4, pp. 319-326, (2009)
PUBLISHER: Association of Environmental and Engineering Geologists
SPONSORS: Access Limited Construction, Association of Environmental and Engineering Geologists, BGC Engineering Inc., et al., Geobrugg North America, KANE Geotech Inc.
CONFERENCE NAME: 7th International Conference on Debris-Flow Hazards Mitigation: Mechanics, Monitoring, Modeling, and Assessment
CONFERENCE DATE: 2019-06-10 through 2019-06-13
CONFERENCE LOCATION: Golden
CONFERENCE CODE: 156523
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Liu, F., Frost, J., Xu, Q., Huang, R.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Liu, Fangzhou (56799398200); Frost, James David (15728987200); Xu, Qiang (56506033600); Huang, Runqiu (55835407700)
56799398200; 15728987200; 56506033600; 55835407700
Debris flows and mitigation systems after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake
(2019), pp. 508 - 515, Cited 0 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85078177146&partnerID=40&md5=a6e6ed155aa6dbee31efef58b74dba75

AFFILIATIONS: College of Engineering, Atlanta, GA, United States; State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: Poorly sorted loose granular materials deposited by the coseismic landslides in the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake provided abundant source material for debris flows to occur during saturation and agitation by rainfall as well as surface and groundwater flow. Debris flows in southwest China are concentrated in the annual monsoon season when substantial precipitation occurs and have resulted in catastrophic damage to downstream regions. With debris-flow susceptibility increasing in regions affected by mega-earthquakes, mitigation systems are considered as critical infrastructures, the performance and resilience of which are vital to the local communities. In this paper, we present 1) the analysis on rainfall intensity-duration (I-D) thresholds, Rainfall Index (RI), Rainfall Triggering Index (RTI) and characteristics of the debris flows that occurred in the gullies located in three watersheds affected by the Wenchuan Earthquake, and 2) the evaluation of the performance of both conventional and some novel mitigation systems deployed in these gullies. Sharp decreases in the associated rainfall thresholds were found in the gullies after the earthquake; however, the level of increase in the rainfall thresholds is highly site- and system-dependent. Most of the existing debris-flow mitigation systems exhibited fair performance yet insufficient resilience to the impact. Notwithstanding the large amount of source materials available to be mobilized in debris flows and the intense surface run-off, many conventional mitigation structures required constant maintenance after each event and even reconstruction after the monsoon season. © 2019 Debris-Flow Hazards Mitigation: Mechanics, Monitoring, Modeling, and Assessment - Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Debris-Flow Hazards Mitigation. All rights reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flow; Mitigation system; Rainfall thresholds; Resilience; Wenchuan Earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Atmospheric thermodynamics; Earthquakes; Groundwater; Groundwater flow; Hazards; Landforms; Rain; Debris flows; Mitigation systems; Rainfall thresholds; Resilience; Wenchuan Earthquake; Debris
REFERENCES: Burchfiel, B. Clark, A geological and geophysical context for the Wenchuan earthquake of 12 May 2008, Sichuan, People's Republic of China, GSA Today, 18, 7, pp. 4-11, (2008); 
Chen, Jinnchyi, Characteristics of rainfall triggering of debris flows in the Chenyulan watershed, Taiwan, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 13, 4, pp. 1015-1023, (2013); 
Cui, Peng, Scale amplification of natural debris flows caused by cascading landslide dam failures, Geomorphology, 182, pp. 173-189, (2013); 
Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011); 
Fan, Xuanmei, What we have learned from the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake and its aftermath: A decade of research and challenges, Engineering Geology, 241, pp. 25-32, (2018); 
Görüm, Tolga, Distribution pattern of earthquake-induced landslides triggered by the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Geomorphology, 133, 3-4, pp. 152-167, (2011); 
Guo, Xiaojun, Intensity-duration threshold of rainfall-triggered debris flows in the Wenchuan Earthquake affected area, China, Geomorphology, 253, pp. 208-216, (2016); 
Huang, Runqiu, The landslide story, Nature Geoscience, 6, 5, pp. 325-326, (2013); 
Huang, Jian, Determination of rainfall thresholds for shallow landslides by a probabilistic and empirical method, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 15, 12, pp. 2715-2723, (2015); 
Huang, Runqiu, Analysis of the geo-hazards triggered by the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake, China, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 68, 3, pp. 363-371, (2009)
PUBLISHER: Association of Environmental and Engineering Geologists
SPONSORS: Access Limited Construction, Association of Environmental and Engineering Geologists, BGC Engineering Inc., et al., Geobrugg North America, KANE Geotech Inc.
CONFERENCE NAME: 7th International Conference on Debris-Flow Hazards Mitigation: Mechanics, Monitoring, Modeling, and Assessment
CONFERENCE DATE: 2019-06-10 through 2019-06-13
CONFERENCE LOCATION: Golden
CONFERENCE CODE: 156523
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Tian, H., Yang, Z., Qiao, J., Shi, L.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Tian, Hongling (14520009600); Yang, Zongji (24485723300); Qiao, Jianping (24485090400); Shi, Lili (55818315500)
14520009600; 24485723300; 24485090400; 55818315500
Monitoring and early warning of debris flow in an earthquake impacted area, Baishahe catchment, southwest China
(2019), pp. 214 - 221, Cited 0 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85078107896&partnerID=40&md5=2c2cfc8b7208a96d006c7e154b42e34d

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Chengdu Geological Environment Monitoring Station, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: After 10 years of the Wenchuan earthquake of China, the post-seismic landslides are turning weak. However, the debris flows in earthquake-stricken area continue to be threat. In order to reduce the risk from debris flows in this region, we discuss the operation of an alert system, monitoring objectives, and early-warning policies. Three gullies in the Baishahe catchment, Dujiangyan, Southwest China were selected and rain-gauge, tilt-sensor, mud-meter and ground acoustic meter combined to a warning system in April, 2014. The data collected from these events shows changes in susceptibility levels and triggering rainfall complicating the application of a fixed rainfall threshold for any alert system. © 2019 Debris-Flow Hazards Mitigation: Mechanics, Monitoring, Modeling, and Assessment - Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Debris-Flow Hazards Mitigation. All rights reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flow; Monitoring; Susceptibility; Warning system
INDEX KEYWORDS: Alarm systems; Catchments; Debris; Hazards; Magnetic susceptibility; Monitoring; Rain; Rain gages; Runoff; Alert systems; Debris flows; Early warning; Rain gauges; Rainfall thresholds; Seismic landslides; Southwest China; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes
REFERENCES: Angeli, Maceo Giovanni, A critical review of landslide monitoring experiences, Engineering Geology, 55, 3, pp. 133-147, (2000); 
Chigira, Masahiro, Landslides induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China, Geomorphology, 118, 3-4, pp. 225-238, (2010); 
Brayshaw, Drew, Debris flow initiation and sediment recharge in gullies, Geomorphology, 109, 3-4, pp. 122-131, (2009); 
Fan, Xuanmei, What we have learned from the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake and its aftermath: A decade of research and challenges, Engineering Geology, 241, pp. 25-32, (2018); 
Proceedings the International Symposium on Earthquake Induced Landslides, (2013); 
Hongling, Tian, Monitoring on earthquake induced landslides - A case study in northwest Chengdu, China, Geotechnical Engineering, 43, 2, pp. 71-74, (2012); 
Rosi, Alberto, Landslide monitoring with sensor networks: Experiences and lessons learnt from a real-world deployment, International Journal of Sensor Networks, 10, 3, pp. 111-122, (2011); 
Research of Soil and Water Conservation, (2011); 
Yin, Yueping, Heavy-rainfall-induced catastrophic rockslide-debris flow at Sanxicun, Dujiangyan, after the Wenchuan Ms 8.0 earthquake, Landslides, 13, 1, pp. 9-23, (2016); 
Research on Monitoring and Early Warning of Rainfall Induced Landslide and Debris Flows, (2018)
PUBLISHER: Association of Environmental and Engineering Geologists
SPONSORS: Access Limited Construction, Association of Environmental and Engineering Geologists, BGC Engineering Inc., et al., Geobrugg North America, KANE Geotech Inc.
CONFERENCE NAME: 7th International Conference on Debris-Flow Hazards Mitigation: Mechanics, Monitoring, Modeling, and Assessment
CONFERENCE DATE: 2019-06-10 through 2019-06-13
CONFERENCE LOCATION: Golden
CONFERENCE CODE: 156523
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Liu, Y., He, J., Wu, J., Cui, Y., Luo, Q., Lin, Y., Wang, D., Li, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Liu, Ying (57208133978); He, Jingwen (57208134982); Wu, Jianzhao (57203663248); Cui, Yu (57203657569); Luo, Qinghu (57203655316); Lin, Yongming (8869314500); Wang, Daojie (55927225000); Li, Jian (47161257300)
57208133978; 57208134982; 57203663248; 57203657569; 57203655316; 8869314500; 55927225000; 47161257300
Soil recovery rate and spatial heterogeneity in the process of ecological restoration in an earthquake-affected area 震区典型受损区生态 恢复过程中的土壤恢复率与空间异质性
(2019) Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology, 25 (4), pp. 823 - 830, Cited 1 times.
DOI: 10.19675/j.cnki.1006-687x.2018.12027
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85074557066&doi=10.19675%2Fj.cnki.1006-687x.2018.12027&partnerID=40&md5=d423023ebd8bd09327b2e4c5253e155a

AFFILIATIONS: College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Key Laboratory for Forest Ecosystem Process and Management of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: To improve ecological restoration and reconstruction and accurately understand the dynamic changes of soil recovery in an area affected by strong earthquakes in Southwest China, it is of great importance to evaluate the recovery rate and spatial heterogeneity of soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) under different restoration conditions in various climate zones. Taking the adjacent undestroyed area as the control, the destroyed and treated areas of the arid valley climate zone and the subtropical monsoon climate zone in Wenchuan earthquake-affected area were selected as the research plots; we analyzed the recovery rate of SOC, TN, TP and the distribution of spatial heterogeneity after the earthquake. The results showed that the content of SOC, TN, and TP in the destroyed and treated areas in the two climate zones were significantly lower than that in the undestroyed areas, indicating that the nutrient condition of destroyed and treated areas after the earthquake did not recovered to the pre-earthquake level. The recovery rate of TN (range 53%-58%), TP (range 51%-58%) in the subtropical monsoon climate zone was higher than that of TN (range 32%-36%), TP (range 41%-49%) in the arid valley climate zone, as the average recovery rate of SOC had the same performance in two climate zones. The subtropical monsoon climate zone had a higher nutrient recovery rate. The nutrient variation coefficient of the destroyed and treated area and the undestroyed areas in the arid valley climate zone was higher than that of the subtropical monsoon climate zone; this indicated that the soil structure stability in the arid valley climate zone was poor and seriously destroyed by the disaster, with the spatial heterogeneity of soil nutrients and high possibility of soil erosion and secondary disasters. The C:N value of the destroyed and treated area in the arid valley climate zone was larger than that of the undestroyed zone, whereas the subtropical monsoon climate zone was the opposite. Our results indicated that the soil nutrient structure in the disaster area was seriously damaged and that climate might be the dominant factor affecting soil recovery. These results can provide a theoretical basis for the process of ecological restoration in the disaster area. © 2019 Science Press. All rights reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Earthquake affected area; Recovery rate; Soil nutrient; Stoichiometric ratio; Variable coefficient
REFERENCES: J Soil Water Conserv, (2012); 
Chin J Eco Agric, (2012); 
Wu, Cong, Effect of wenchuan earthquake on soil physical and chemical properties of the Longmen Mountain, Southwestern China, Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology, 18, 6, pp. 911-916, (2012); 
Effects of Wenchuan Earthquake on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties and Microbial Biodiversity Under Cupressus Chenginana Forest in Li County of Sichuan Province D, (2015); 
Bull Chin Acad Sci, (2008); 
Environ Eng, (2017); 
Liu, Bin, Key issues in restoration on earthquake-damaged ecosystem at the ecotone between dry valley and montane forest of the Minjiang River, Shengtai Xuebao, 28, 12, pp. 5892-5898, (2008); 
Sichuan Environ, (2017); 
Lin, Chao Yuan, Vegetation recovery assessment at the Jou-Jou Mountain landslide area caused by the 921 Earthquake in Central Taiwan, Ecological Modelling, 176, 1-2, pp. 75-81, (2004); 
Lin, Wentzu, Vegetation recovery monitoring and assessment at landslides caused by earthquake in Central Taiwan, Forest Ecology and Management, 210, 1-3, pp. 55-66, (2005)
PUBLISHER: Science Press yanmh@neigae.ac.cn
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Cui, Y., Yan, S., Wu, J., Luo, Q., Lin, Y., Wang, D., Wu, C.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Cui, Yu (57203657569); Yan, Siwei (56733947800); Wu, Jianzhao (57203663248); Luo, Qinghu (57203655316); Lin, Yongming (8869314500); Wang, Daojie (55927225000); Wu, Chengzhen (8869314100)
57203657569; 56733947800; 57203663248; 57203655316; 8869314500; 55927225000; 8869314100
Effects of plant and microbial biomass and enzyme activities on soil respiration in the preliminary stage after the wenchuan earthquake
(2019) Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology, 25 (2), pp. 215 - 224, Cited 4 times.
DOI: 10.19675/j.cnki.1006-687x.2018.05024
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85072399779&doi=10.19675%2Fj.cnki.1006-687x.2018.05024&partnerID=40&md5=077b36af8cbf3fb8423008c4ae0e7815

AFFILIATIONS: College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Key Laboratory for Forest Ecosystem Process and Management of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Institute of Mountain Hazard and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; College of Ecology and Resources Engineering, Wuyi University, Wuyishan, Fujian, China
ABSTRACT: To understand the differences in soil respiration and the factors influencing the different levels of recovery in earthquake-affected areas, we selected different field plots: Destroyed and treated areas, and undestroyed areas; and areas with different climate: Natural recovery areas in the dry-hot valley climate and the humid subtropical climate. Soil respiration, plant biomass, soil enzyme activity, and their seasonal variation and correlations were studied from September 2015 to September 2016. The results demonstrated that the seasonal variation characteristics of soil respiration rate and nine biological properties (underground biomass and total biomass, microbial biochar and biological nitrogen, catalase, alkaline phosphatase, urease, cellulase, and sucrase activity) in the two climatic areas are lower in winter and spring and higher in summer and autumn. Soil respiration rate, biomass, microbial biochar and biological nitrogen, urease and sucrase activity were measured in the areas in both climatic regions; alkaline phosphatase and cellulase in the humid subtropical climate, and catalase activity in the dry-hot valley climate. The biological properties appeared in different quantities in the different field plots: Undestroyed areas > destroyed and treated areas > natural recovery areas. The recovery rate of each indicator was between 11% and 114% in destroyed and treated natural recovery areas. The influencing factors of soil respiration in the two climatic regions are different. In the dry-hot valley climate areas, total biomass, underground biomass, and soil urease activity were crucial. In the subtropical humid climate areas, underground biomass and soil phosphatase activity were predominant. This study shows that there are differences in soil respiration rates in different recovery areas. Plant biomass, microbial biomass, and soil enzyme activity were the main factors affecting soil respiration. © 2019 Science Press. All rights reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Ecological restoration; Microbial biomass; Plant biomass; Soil enzyme; Soil respiration; Wenchuan earthquake
REFERENCES: Peng, Shushi, Temperature sensitivity of soil respiration in different ecosystems in China, Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 41, 5, pp. 1008-1014, (2009); 
Zhang, Yanru, Seasonal and interannual variation of soil respiration in four vegetation types in the loess hilly region, Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology, 24, 4, pp. 729-734, (2018); 
Soil Organic Carbon Storage and Carbon Emission in Small Watershed in the Gully Region of the Loess Plateau D, (2010); 
A Study on the Characteristics of Carbon Balance in Phyllostachys Edulis Plantation Ecosystem, (2007); 
Res Soil Water Conserv, (2013); 
Acta Ecologica Sinica, (2001); 
Li, Yuyuan, Impact of grassland recovery and reconstruction on soil organic carbon in the northern Loess Plateau, Shengtai Xuebao, 27, 6, pp. 2279-2287, (2007); 
Bowden, Richard Drew, Contributions of aboveground litter, belowground litter, and root respiration to total soil respiration in a temperate mixed hardwood forest, Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 23, 7, pp. 1402-1407, (1993); 
J Soil Water Conserv, (2017); 
Cui, Hai, Diurnal and seasonal dynamic variation of soil respiration and its influencing factors of different fenced enclosure years in desert steppec, Huanjing Kexue/Environmental Science, 37, 4, pp. 1507-1515, (2016)
PUBLISHER: Science Press yanmh@neigae.ac.cn
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zou, X., Liu, Y., Nie, X., Lei, G., Niu, X.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zou, Xing (56314987500); Liu, Yu (55966557000); Nie, Xiangfei (14063777300); Lei, Guoping (56187057800); Niu, Xiaowei (55416129500)
56314987500; 55966557000; 14063777300; 56187057800; 55416129500
Research on landslide hazard information extraction method based on SAR image
(2019) Journal of Computational Methods in Sciences and Engineering, 19 (S1), pp. S313 - S318, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.3233/JCM-191045
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85071655483&doi=10.3233%2FJCM-191045&partnerID=40&md5=dd046d8ca8ea90592bf0ea30d713246c

AFFILIATIONS: College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing, China
ABSTRACT: With the continuous development of synthetic aperture radar technology, the application of SAR image data in landslide hazard information extraction has received attention and achieved some results. In this paper, the grayscale texture information features of SAR images after landslide disasters are combined with the expectation maximization algorithm to extract landslide information. The optimal threshold is calculated using the expectation maximization algorithm, and the image is divided into a landslide area and a non-landslide area.In this paper, the method is applied to Radarsat-2 SAR data in Yingxiu area after Wenchuan earthquake to obtain the distribution of landslide results. The method is also applied to other areas of the image for landslide extraction, and the correctness of the results is judged by comparing with the field measurement data and optical image analysis. Due to the particularity of the landslide, the method still needs further improvement in accuracy. The extraction results need further research in verification, so the method is not very good at present. Improvement needs further improvement. © 2019 - IOS Press and the authors. All rights reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: disaster information extraction; landslide hazard; SAR image
INDEX KEYWORDS: Artificial intelligence; Data mining; Disasters; Earthquakes; Geometrical optics; Hazards; Image segmentation; Information retrieval; Landslides; Maximum principle; Synthetic aperture radar; Textures; Continuous development; Disaster Information; Expectation-maximization algorithms; Field measurement data; Information extraction methods; Landslide hazard; Optical image analysis; SAR Images; Radar imaging
REFERENCES: Lin, Jiayuan, Landslide Identification and Information Extraction Based on Optical and Multispectral UAV Remote Sensing Imagery, IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 57, 1, (2017); 
Cai, Jiehua, An adaptive offset tracking method with SAR images for landslide displacement monitoring, Remote Sensing, 9, 8, (2017); 
Singh, Kanwarpreet P., Hazard assessment of landslide disaster using information value method and analytical hierarchy process in highly tectonic Chamba region in bosom of Himalaya, Journal of Mountain Science, 15, 4, pp. 808-824, (2018); 
Yu, Hong, A landslide intelligent detection method based on CNN and RSG-R, pp. 40-44, (2017); 
Bulletin of Engineering Geology the Environment, (2017); 
South Korea Bull Eng Geol Environ, (2017); 
Chimidi, Gemechis, Landslide hazard evaluation and zonation in and around Gimbi town, western Ethiopia—a GIS-based statistical approach, Applied Geomatics, 9, 4, pp. 219-236, (2017); 
Zhou, Yu, Polarimetric SAR Image Classification Using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks, IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, 13, 12, pp. 1935-1939, (2016); 
Ambrosi, Christian, Landslide hazard assessment in the Himalayas (Nepal and Bhutan) based on Earth-Observation data, Engineering Geology, 237, pp. 217-228, (2018); 
Ye, Yuanxin, Robust Optical-to-SAR Image Matching Based on Shape Properties, IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, 14, 4, pp. 564-568, (2017)
PUBLISHER: IOS Press Nieuwe Hemweg 6B Amsterdam 1013 BG
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Han, Z., Li, Y., Du, Y., Wang, W., Chen, G.-Q.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Han, Zheng (55556913000); Li, Yange (55339639500); Du, Yinfei (36915091500); Wang, Weidong (57192615168); Chen, Guangqi (55577206900)
55556913000; 55339639500; 36915091500; 57192615168; 55577206900
Noncontact detection of earthquake-induced landslides by an enhanced image binarization method incorporating with Monte-Carlo simulation
(2019) Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk, 10 (1), pp. 219 - 241, Cited 22 times.
DOI: 10.1080/19475705.2018.1520745
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85068741130&doi=10.1080%2F19475705.2018.1520745&partnerID=40&md5=53f549eb37730e0a4b6b6fa855b20d95

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Road Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Japan
ABSTRACT: Detecting landslides using remote sensing images involves converting gray level images into binary images. Given the complex background and non-uniform illumination in the regional remote sensing image, the commonly-used global thresholding methods are limited to interpret some landslides those hidden in the shadow. In this paper, we report on an enhanced image thresholding method for the noncontact detection of earthquake-induced landslides. The proposed method incorporates Monte-Carlo simulation into the local thresholding method, and essential issues, regarding complex illumination condition and uncertainties of determining block size in local thresholding method, are addressed. To better separate landslide candidate objects from the background, we incorporate Digital Surface Model (DSM) into the binary image, such that the interferences by built-up areas, terraces, and rivers can be significantly reduced considering the indicator of slope gradient. The described method has been tested using two benchmark tests, showing that the proposed method performs well dealing with the complex background and illumination condition. As a case study, we use the proposed method to detect landslides in a remote sensing image near Beichuan area after the 2008 Ms8.0 Wenchuan earthquake. Results demonstrate that the presented method interprets landslides resembling those of manually visual delineation. © 2019, © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Image binarization; Landslides; Local thresholding method; Monte-Carlo simulation; The Wenchuan Earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Benchmarking; Binary images; Earthquakes; Image enhancement; Intelligent systems; Landslides; Remote sensing; Digital surface models; Earthquake-induced landslides; Illumination conditions; Image binarization; Local thresholding; Non-uniform illumination; Remote sensing images; Wenchuan Earthquake; Monte Carlo methods
REFERENCES: Bataineh, Bilal Mohammed Ahmad, An adaptive local binarization method for document images based on a novel thresholding method and dynamic windows, Pattern Recognition Letters, 32, 14, pp. 1805-1813, (2011); 
Bernsen, John A C, DYNAMIC THRESHOLDING OF GREY-LEVEL IMAGES., Proceedings - International Conference on Pattern Recognition, pp. 1251-1255, (1986); 
Agric for Fish, (2013); 
Chang, Kuo Jen, Analysis of landsliding by earthquake shaking using a block-on-slope thermo-mechanical model: Example of Jiufengershan landslide, central Taiwan, Engineering Geology, 80, 1-2, pp. 151-163, (2005); 
Chou, Chienhsing, A binarization method with learning-built rules for document images produced by cameras, Pattern Recognition, 43, 4, pp. 1518-1530, (2010); 
Dai, Fuchu, Landslide characteristics and slope instability modeling using GIS, Lantau Island, Hong Kong, Geomorphology, 42, 3-4, pp. 213-228, (2002); 
Proc ICDAR, (1991); 
Gatos, Basilis G., DIBCO 2009: Document image binarization contest, International Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition, 14, 1, pp. 35-44, (2011); 
Gatos, Basilis G., Adaptive degraded document image binarization, Pattern Recognition, 39, 3, pp. 317-327, (2006); 
Görüm, Tolga, Distribution pattern of earthquake-induced landslides triggered by the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Geomorphology, 133, 3-4, pp. 152-167, (2011)
PUBLISHER: Taylor and Francis Ltd. michael.wagreich@univie.ac.at
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Li, N., Wang, B., Men, Y., Liu, N., Liu, X., Gao, O.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Li, Nan (59089113900); Wang, Banqiao (57221063560); Men, Yuming (7004288059); Liu, Nina (25655196300); Liu, Xueling (57203590396); Gao, Ou (57203586657)
59089113900; 57221063560; 7004288059; 25655196300; 57203590396; 57203586657
Dynamic behavior of soil anchorage landslide at different frequencies
(2019) Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk, 10 (1), pp. 271 - 286, Cited 9 times.
DOI: 10.1080/19475705.2018.1521878
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85065859905&doi=10.1080%2F19475705.2018.1521878&partnerID=40&md5=e9f340d182d50e6fd152f7df1ad498c2

AFFILIATIONS: School of Geology Engineering and Geomatics, Chang'an University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
ABSTRACT: To reveal the dynamic behavior of soil anchorage landslide and the mechanical feature of anchors at different frequencies, a shaking table test was performed on a 1:7 scale soil anchorage landslide. Actual seismic wave measured from the Wenchuan earthquake, sinusoidal waves with different frequencies were applied to the model. The acceleration response of the anchorage landslide in frequency domain was analyzed, and the strain distribution of anchors at 1.15 Hz sinusoidal wave and 3.45 Hz sinusoidal wave were investigated separately. The testing results indicate that the anchorage landslide is sensitive not only to higher frequencies (near the natural frequency of the landslide) at low loading amplitude but also to ultra-low frequencies at high loading amplitude. At ultra-low frequency 1.15 Hz sinusoidal wave, when the loading amplitude is low and medium (0.05-0.6 g), the bottom anchor bears greater force. But when the loading amplitude is high (0.8 g), the top anchor bears most of the anchorage force. At 3.45 Hz sinusoidal wave that near the natural frequency of the landslide, no matter how the loading amplitude, the top anchor plays significant role, especially at higher loading amplitude (0.3-0.6 g). © 2018, © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Anchor; dynamic behavior; frequency; shaking table test; soil anchorage landslide
INDEX KEYWORDS: Anchorages (foundations); Anchors; Earthquakes; Landslides; Loads (forces); Natural frequencies; Soils; Acceleration response; Different frequency; Dynamic behaviors; frequency; Shaking table tests; Strain distributions; Ultra low frequencies; Wenchuan Earthquake; Frequency domain analysis
REFERENCES: Beresnev, Igor A., Seismological evidence for nonlinear elastic ground behavior during large earthquakes, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 14, 2, pp. 103-114, (1995); 
Cui, Peng, The Wenchuan Earthquake (May 12, 2008), Sichuan Province, China, and resulting geohazards, Natural Hazards, 56, 1, pp. 19-36, (2011); 
Guan, Zhicheng, Investigation of the 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake damages to the Zipingpu water control project and an assessment of its safety state, Science in China, Series E: Technological Sciences, 52, 4, pp. 820-834, (2009); 
Huang, Runqiu, Analysis of an anti-dip landslide triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China, Natural Hazards, 68, 2, pp. 1021-1039, (2013); 
J Earth Sci Environ, (2015); 
Iai, Susumu, Similitude for shaking table tests on soil-structure-fluid model in 1g gravitational field, Soils and Foundations, 29, 1, pp. 105-118, (1989); 
Jiang, Liangwei, Experimental study on slope's superficial dynamic effect and anchoring prevention mechanism under earthquake disturbance, Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 42, 5, pp. 164-174, (2010); 
Lin, Yuliang, Experimental and numerical study on the seismic behavior of anchoring frame beam supporting soil slope on rock mass, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 98, pp. 12-23, (2017); 
Lin, Yuliang, Seismic response of embankment slopes with different reinforcing measures in shaking table tests, Natural Hazards, 76, 2, pp. 791-810, (2015); 
Lin, Yuliang, Seismic active earth pressure of cohesive-frictional soil on retaining wall based on a slice analysis method, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 70, pp. 133-147, (2015)
PUBLISHER: Taylor and Francis Ltd. michael.wagreich@univie.ac.at
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Yang, J., Song, C., Yang, Y., Xu, C., Guo, F., Xie, L.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Yang, Jintao (57202536920); Song, Chao (56123622800); Yang, Yang (56028988600); Xu, Chengdong (55553302300); Guo, Fei (56017867000); Xie, Lei (57201273228)
57202536920; 56123622800; 56028988600; 55553302300; 56017867000; 57201273228
New method for landslide susceptibility mapping supported by spatial logistic regression and GeoDetector: A case study of Duwen Highway Basin, Sichuan Province, China
(2019) Geomorphology, 324, pp. 62 - 71, Cited 139 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2018.09.019
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85054158114&doi=10.1016%2Fj.geomorph.2018.09.019&partnerID=40&md5=d83a73c5405f6c41f8e2658c2c1f9c0c

AFFILIATIONS: School of Geoscience and Technology, Southwest Petroleum University China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; National Field Observation and Research Station of Landslides in Three Gorges Reservoir Area of Yangtze River, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China; Sixth Topographic Surveying Brigade of the National Administration of Surveying, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: Landslides are destructive not only to property and infrastructure but also to people living in landslide-prone regions. Landslide susceptibility mapping (LSM) is critical for preventing and mitigating the negative impacts of landslides. However, many previously proposed LSM modeling techniques included only the attribute information of spatial objects and ignored the spatial structural information of spatial objects, which led to suboptimal LSM. In addition, the selection of condition factors was not objective to such an extent that it may have reduced the reliability of LSM. To address these problems, a new method based on GeoDetector and a spatial logistic regression (SLR) model is proposed. GeoDetector is used to select condition factors based on the spatial distribution of landslides. The SLR model is used to make full use of the structural and attribute information of spatial objects simultaneously in LSM. The GeoDetector-SLR model is validated using data from the Duwen Highway Basin, which includes the epicenter of the May 12, 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in southwestern China. Prediction accuracy of the GeoDetector-SLR model is found to be 86.1%, which is an 11.9% improvement over the traditional logistic regression model, indicating an improved and reliable solution for evaluating landslide susceptibility. © 2018
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: GeoDetector; Landslide susceptibility mapping; Spatial autocorrelation; Spatial logistic regression
INDEX KEYWORDS: autocorrelation; detection method; geological mapping; landslide; regression analysis; spatial distribution; China; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Akgun, Aykut, A comparison of landslide susceptibility maps produced by logistic regression, multi-criteria decision, and likelihood ratio methods: A case study at İzmir, Turkey, Landslides, 9, 1, pp. 93-106, (2012); 
Akgun, Aykut, GIS-based landslide susceptibility for Arsin-Yomra (Trabzon, North Turkey) region, Environmental Geology, 51, 8, pp. 1377-1387, (2007); 
Economic Geography, (2025); 
Bai, Shibiao, GIS-based logistic regression for landslide susceptibility mapping of the Zhongxian segment in the Three Gorges area, China, Geomorphology, 115, 1-2, pp. 23-31, (2010); 
Blangiardo, Marta A.G., Spatial and Spatio-temporal Bayesian Models with R - INLA, pp. 1-308, (2015); 
Chalkias, Christos N., Landslide susceptibility, Peloponnese Peninsula in South Greece, Journal of Maps, 10, 2, pp. 211-222, (2014); 
Chung, Chungjo F., Validation of spatial prediction models for landslide hazard mapping, Natural Hazards, 30, 3, pp. 451-472, (2003); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2008); 
Dai, Fuchu, Landslide risk assessment and management: An overview, Engineering Geology, 64, 1, pp. 65-87, (2002); 
Dou, Jie, Optimization of causative factors for landslide susceptibility evaluation using remote sensing and GIS data in parts of Niigata, Japan, PLOS ONE, 10, 7, (2015)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Li, C., Wang, M., Liu, K.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Li, Congrong (56368110500); Wang, Ming (55732001400); Liu, Kai (56896481800)
56368110500; 55732001400; 56896481800
A decadal evolution of landslides and debris flows after the Wenchuan earthquake
(2018) Geomorphology, 323, pp. 1 - 12, Cited 81 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2018.09.010
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85053192518&doi=10.1016%2Fj.geomorph.2018.09.010&partnerID=40&md5=2809e51ef450ee3e8817777d6d38f3c3

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disaster, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake triggered numerous coseismic landslides. The loose materials were retained on steep terrains and deep gullies as well as in river channels, which increased higher flooding hazard and geo-hazard (landslides and debris flows) risks in the area. In this paper, between 2008 and 2016 we monitored landslides and debris flows occurred during rainfall, especially the high rainfall amounts in 2013, which caused serious damage to reconstructed villages. The changes over time aids in understanding long-term landscape evolution in the investigated area impacted by major earthquakes as well as in regions with comparable settings. With the aid of a GIS platform combined with field investigations, we continuously tracked the area and movement paths of the loose deposit materials in all the debris flow gullies and coseismic landslides in the study area. And then the spatial and temporal evolutionary patterns of these movements as well as the evolution under different triggering factors were analyzed using the terrain and precipitation information from the past nine years. The results showed that both the area and number of coseismic landslides decreased over time and that the deposited materials moved to areas of lower elevation and lower slope. In addition, the new landslides occurred more easily in areas of low elevation and high slope during periods of normal rainfall. Under the high rainfall, many new landslides and expansion processes occurred easily at high altitudes, providing loose materials for debris flows. Although the overall geoenvironment in the earthquake-stricken area has a recovering tendency, the outburst of hazards triggered by future extreme rainfalls is still expected and this kind of fluctuating cycle may last for an unexpectedly longer period. © 2018 Elsevier B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flows; Hazards evolution; Landslides; Precipitation
INDEX KEYWORDS: coseismic process; debris flow; decadal variation; hazard assessment; landslide; precipitation (climatology); rainfall; Sichuan earthquake 2008; terrain; trigger mechanism; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Barnard, Patrick L., Natural and human-induced landsliding in the Garhwal Himalaya of Northern India, Geomorphology, 40, 1-2, pp. 21-35, (2001); 
Chiou, Shianjin, Evaluating landslides and sediment yields induced by the chi-chi earthquake and followed heavy rainfalls along the ta-chia river, Journal of GeoEngineering, 2, 2, pp. 73-83, (2007); 
Clark, Kasey E., Storm-triggered landslides in the Peruvian Andes and implications for topography, carbon cycles, and biodiversity, Earth Surface Dynamics, 4, 1, pp. 47-70, (2016); 
Engineering Geology, (2004); 
Dai, Fuchu, Landslide risk assessment and management: An overview, Engineering Geology, 64, 1, pp. 65-87, (2002); 
Gelí, Louis, The effect of topography on earthquake ground motion: a review and new results., Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 78, 1, pp. 42-63, (1988); 
Görüm, Tolga, Distribution pattern of earthquake-induced landslides triggered by the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Geomorphology, 133, 3-4, pp. 152-167, (2011); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2011); 
Huang, Runqiu, The landslide story, Nature Geoscience, 6, 5, pp. 325-326, (2013); 
Huang, Runqiu, Development and distribution of geohazards triggered by the 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake in China, Science in China, Series E: Technological Sciences, 52, 4, pp. 810-819, (2009)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Jiao Liu, Rogozhin, E.A.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Jiao Liu (57205207149); Rogozhin, Evgenii Aleksandrovich (6701467007)
57205207149; 6701467007
Macroseismic Manifestations of the Disastrous 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake (MS = 8.0) According to the Study of Surface Seismodislocations
(2018) Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, 54 (7), pp. 753 - 767, Cited 3 times.
DOI: 10.1134/S0001433818070149
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85059097724&doi=10.1134%2FS0001433818070149&partnerID=40&md5=6c0bfe546eadacb5435c18fb7003f09d

AFFILIATIONS: Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Moscow Oblast, Russian Federation; Schmidt Institute of Physics of the Earth of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
ABSTRACT: Abstract: On May 12, 2008, a catastrophic earthquake with magnitude M<inf>S</inf> = 8.0 occurred in Wenchuan County, Sichuan, China. Its epicenter was located in the Longmen Shan mobile tectonic belt and its hypocentral depth was 14 km. The mainshock produced the system of primary seismodislocations (ruptures) on the surface: Beichuan–Yingxiu Fault of more than 240 km long, Guanxian–Anxian Fault of about 70 km long, and Xiaoyudong Fault of 7 km long. The maximum measured vertical and dextral displacements along the faults were up to 10 m and 4.8 m, respectively. The rupturing and manifold landslides, rockfalls, and rock avalanches that followed caused significant destructions in a number of localities, damaged roads, and led to massive human deaths. Data collected on the distribution of primary and secondary effects of earthquakes has helped outline zones with shaking intensities of IX, X, and XI. Notably, the seismic intensity of surface shaking was anomalously low even close to the fault system. We have conducted a comprehensive seismotectonic study of the epicentral zone of the Wenchuan earthquake. When assessing the shaking intensities, we apply the Earthquake Environmental Effects (EEE) scale developed in the framework of INQUA project (2004–2016). A comparison shows that the isoseismals identified from macroseismic data on damages in buildings and structures coincide with the locations of zones with various seismic effects on the EEE scale. © 2018, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: disaster; environmental effects; fault; intensity; isoseismals; macroseismic effect; rupture; seismodislocation; Wenchuan earthquake
REFERENCES: Chen, Lichun, Paleoseismology and kinematic characteristics of the Xiaoyudong rupture, a short but significant strange segment characterized by the May 12, 2008, Mw 7.9 earthquake in Sichuan, China, Tectonophysics, 584, pp. 91-101, (2013); 
Georisk, (2010); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2008); 
Memorie Descrittive Della Carta Geologica D Italia, (2004); 
Ran, Yongkang, Paleoseismic evidence and repeat time of large earthquakes at three sites along the Longmenshan fault zone, Tectonophysics, 491, 1-4, pp. 141-153, (2010); 
Ran, Yongkang, Paleoseismic events and recurrence interval along the Beichuan-Yingxiu fault of Longmenshan fault zone, Yingxiu, Sichuan, China, Tectonophysics, 584, pp. 81-90, (2013); 
Vopr Inzh Seismol, (2010); 
Tatevossian, Ruben E., Earthquake intensity assessment based on environmental effects: Principles and case studies, Geological Society Special Publication, 316, pp. 73-91, (2009); 
Xiwei, Xu, The MS8.0 Wenchuan earthquake surface ruptures and its seismogenic structure, Dizhen Dizhi, 30, 3, pp. 597-629, (2008); 
Xiwei, Xu, Coseismic reverse- and oblique-slip surface faulting generated by the 2008 Mw 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Geology, 37, 6, pp. 515-518, (2009)
PUBLISHER: Pleiades Publishing compmg@maik.ru
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Fan, X., Domènech, G., Scaringi, G., Huang, R., Xu, Q., Hales, T.C., Dai, L., Yang, Q., Francis, O.R.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Fan, Xuanmei (12752112800); Domènech, Guillem (57200700467); Scaringi, Gianvito (56335047900); Huang, Runqiu (55835407700); Xu, Qiang (56506033600); Hales, Tristram Charles (9741921500); Dai, Lanxin (57196005924); Yang, Qin (57203314330); Francis, Oliver R. (26321063200)
12752112800; 57200700467; 56335047900; 55835407700; 56506033600; 9741921500; 57196005924; 57203314330; 26321063200
Spatio-temporal evolution of mass wasting after the 2008 Mw 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake revealed by a detailed multi-temporal inventory
(2018) Landslides, 15 (12), pp. 2325 - 2341, Cited 127 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s10346-018-1054-5
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85053395863&doi=10.1007%2Fs10346-018-1054-5&partnerID=40&md5=fe60905d2ff49317b67d36bc9ed89c0d

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, South Glamorgan, Wales, United Kingdom
ABSTRACT: Strong earthquakes in mountainous areas can trigger a large number of landslides that generate deposits of loose and unconsolidated debris across the landscape. These deposits can be easily remobilised by rainfalls, with their movement frequently evolving into catastrophic debris flows and avalanches. This has been the fate of many of the 200,000 co-seismic deposits generated by the 2008 M<inf>w</inf> 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan, China. Here we present one of the first studies on the post-seismic patterns of landsliding through a detailed multi-temporal inventory that covers a large portion of the epicentral area (462.5 km2). We quantify changes of size-frequency distribution, active volumes and type of movement. We analyse the possible factors controlling landslide activity and we discuss the significance of mapping uncertainties. We observe that the total number of active landslides decreased with time significantly (from 9189 in 2008 to 221 in 2015), and that post-seismic remobilisations soon after the earthquake (2008–2011) occurred stochastically with respect to the size of the co-seismic deposits. Subsequently (2013–2015), landslide rates remained higher in larger deposits than in smaller ones, particularly in proximity to the drainage network, with channelised flows becoming comparatively more frequent than hillslope slides. However, most of the co-seismic debris remained along the hillslopes and are largely stabilised, urging to rethink the way we believe that seismic activity affects the erosion patterns in mountain ranges. © 2018, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Area-frequency distribution; Mapping uncertainties; Mass wasting; Multi-temporal inventory; Post-seismic landslides; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Debris; Deposits; Landslides; Mapping; Uncertainty analysis; Frequency distributions; Mass wasting; Multi-temporal; Seismic landslides; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes; earthquake epicenter; earthquake magnitude; frequency analysis; inventory; landslide; mapping; mass wasting; postseismic process; remobilization; spatiotemporal analysis; uncertainty analysis; China; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Ardizzone, Francesca, Impact of mapping errors on the reliability of landslide hazard maps, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 2, 1-2, pp. 3-14, (2002); 
Basher, L. R., A preliminary assessment of the impact of landslide, earthflow, and gully erosion on soil carbon stocks in New Zealand, Geomorphology, 307, pp. 93-106, (2018); 
Brardinoni, Francesco, Representing the landslide magnitude-frequency relation: Capilano River basin, British Columbia, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 29, 1, pp. 115-124, (2004); 
Brunetti, Maria Teresa, Probability distributions of landslide volumes, Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics, 16, 2, pp. 179-188, (2009); 
Cafaro, Francesco, Landslide hazard assessment and judgment of reliability: A geomechanical approach, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 76, 2, pp. 397-412, (2017); 
Prediction and Perception of Natural Hazards, (1993); 
Cerè, Giulia, Multi-objective consideration of earthquake resilience in the built environment: The case of Wenchuan earthquake, 2018-January, pp. 513-520, (2017); 
Chang, Dongsheng, Field testing of erodibility of two landslide dams triggered by the 12 May Wenchuan earthquake, Landslides, 8, 3, pp. 321-332, (2011); 
Chen, Hongey, Relationship between earthquake disturbance, tropical rainstorms and debris movement: An overview from Taiwan, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 68, 2, pp. 161-186, (2009); 
Chen, Hongxin, Evolution of debris flow properties and physical interactions in debris-flow mixtures in the Wenchuan earthquake zone, Engineering Geology, 182, PB, pp. 136-147, (2014)
PUBLISHER: Springer Verlag service@springer.de
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Del Gaudio, V., Luo, Y., Wang, Y., Wa̧sowski, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Del Gaudio, Vincenzo (6701701953); Luo, Yonghong (55832604800); Wang, Yunsheng (7601489707); Wa̧sowski, Janusz (7003384266)
6701701953; 55832604800; 7601489707; 7003384266
Using ambient noise to characterise seismic slope response: The case of Qiaozhuang peri-urban hillslopes (Sichuan, China)
(2018) Engineering Geology, 246, pp. 374 - 390, Cited 47 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2018.10.008
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85055593535&doi=10.1016%2Fj.enggeo.2018.10.008&partnerID=40&md5=aa6b55dfc715af844d63d90964c7d181

AFFILIATIONS: Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e Geoambientali, Università degli studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, BA, Italy; State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Istituto Di Ricerca Per La Protezione Idrogeologica, Perugia, Perugia, PG, Italy
ABSTRACT: The Mw 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake of May 12th, 2008 shattered and induced failures on hillslopes surrounding the centre of the town of Qiaozhuang, located 250 Km NE of the mainshock epicentre. This motivated investigations on the possible occurrence of site amplification phenomena. The initial efforts involved a temporary accelerometer monitoring carried out between April and October 2009 on Weigan hill and Mount Dong, located SW and NE of the Qiaozhuang centre, respectively. The monitoring results revealed that the local geological setting, characterised by Silurian phyllites with sub-vertical schistosity (at Weigan) and by fractured Precambrian limestones (at Dong), exert major influence on the slopes resonance phenomena, with a secondary contribution due to the topographic setting. To extend the investigation on local slope response, a series of ambient noise recordings were conducted at several sites of the two hills, as well as at Mount Shizi (located NW of the town centre), which is topographically and geologically similar to Mount Dong. The focus was on the sites monitored by accelerometer stations, whose seismic records provided the opportunity to validate the outcomes of ambient noise analysis. Noise data were analysed using two approaches: the standard Nakamura's method and a new technique based on analysis of instantaneous polarization properties, aimed at estimating ellipticity of Rayleigh waves. Data interpretation was hampered by a contingent factor, i.e. environmental conditions characterised by a strong persistent E-W polarized noise at low frequencies (below 1 Hz), and by the complex of geologic and geomorphic conditions. The latter, particularly in the case of Weigan hill, appear responsible for a considerable amplification of vertical ground motions. The repeated recordings and the comparison of the outcomes of the two techniques of noise analysis with the accelerometer data showed that the new technique provides more stable and consistent results. Furthermore, the new technique was able to reveal site resonance properties that Nakamura's method fails to recognise because of transient overlapping of different type waves. Overall, the ambient noise analysis provided evidence of i) low frequency resonance (~1 Hz) acting at the scale of the entire relief (on Weigan Hill), ii) directional amplifications at intermediate frequencies (~4 Hz) affecting ridge crests made of fractured limestone (on Mounts Dong and Shizi), and iii) higher frequency resonances (7–20 Hz), which vary at a very local scale. This information is relevant for inferring the susceptibility of local slopes to earthquake-induced failures, and hence for the collateral seismic hazard assessment in the Qiaozhuan peri-urban areas. © 2018 Elsevier B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: 2008 Wenchuan earthquake; Ambient noise; China; Seismic slope response; Seismically induced landslides
INDEX KEYWORDS: Accelerometers; Acoustic noise; Amplification; Induced Seismicity; Lime; Limestone; Resonance; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Ambient noise; China; Seismic slope; Seismically induced landslide; Earthquakes; ambient noise; hillslope; landslide; periurban area; seismic noise; Sichuan earthquake 2008; slope dynamics; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Effects of Surface Geology on Seismic Motion, (1999); 
undefined, (2004); 
Bonnefoy-Claudet, Sylvette, The nature of noise wavefield and its applications for site effects studies. A literature review, Earth-Science Reviews, 79, 3-4, pp. 205-227, (2006); 
Borcherdt Rd, EFFECTS OF LOCAL GEOLOGY ON GROUND MOTION NEAR SAN FRANCISCO RBAY, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 60, 1, pp. 29-61, (1970); 
Burjánek, Jan, Ambient vibration analysis of an unstable mountain slope, Geophysical Journal International, 180, 2, pp. 820-828, (2010); 
Castellaro, Silvia, VS30 estimates using constrained H/V measurements, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 99, 2 A, pp. 761-773, (2009); 
Danneels, Gaelle, Geophysical investigation and dynamic modelling of unstable slopes: Case-study of Kainama (Kyrgyzstan), Geophysical Journal International, 175, 1, pp. 17-34, (2008); 
Del Gaudio, Vincenzo, Instantaneous polarization analysis of ambient noise recordings in site response investigations, Geophysical Journal International, 210, 1, pp. 443-464, (2017); 
Del Gaudio, Vincenzo, Detection of directivity in seismic site response from microtremor spectral analysis, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 8, 4, pp. 751-762, (2008); 
Del Gaudio, Vincenzo, New developments in ambient noise analysis to characterise the seismic response of landslide-prone slopes, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 13, 8, pp. 2075-2087, (2013)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GREEN ACCEPTED OPEN ACCESS; GREEN OPEN ACCESS

Peng, X., Yu, P., Zhang, Y., Chen, G.-Q.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Peng, Xinyan (57190443254); Yu, Pengcheng (56718961900); Zhang, Yingbin Bin (57214256630); Chen, Guangqi (55577206900)
57190443254; 56718961900; 57214256630; 55577206900
Applying modified discontinuous deformation analysis to assess the dynamic response of sites containing discontinuities
(2018) Engineering Geology, 246, pp. 349 - 360, Cited 80 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2018.10.011
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85055275298&doi=10.1016%2Fj.enggeo.2018.10.011&partnerID=40&md5=eef971b6d1eac5add8c9a848d48eedf5

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Transportation Tunnel Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Faculty of Arts and Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Japan
ABSTRACT: The accurate consideration of seismic wave propagation through discontinuous media is crucial in rock engineering. Discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA), with the ability to study discontinuity behaviors, is modified by incorporating a seismic input method based on a viscous boundary and the free-field theory. After confirming the accuracy of the modified DDA using several verification examples, two practical applications, (1) the extreme ground motion during the 2008 Iwate–Miyagi earthquake, Japan, and (2) the Donghekou landslide induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, China, are simulated and reproduced by the modified DDA. The results show that seismic wave propagation through discontinuous media can be accurately simulated by the modified DDA. Further, the simulation results indicate that discontinuities are critical in the dynamic response of structures. Conclusively, the modified DDA provides an alternative approach for analyzing the dynamic response of sites containing discontinuities. © 2018 Elsevier B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Boundary condition.; DDA; Discontinuous media; Dynamic response; Landslides
INDEX KEYWORDS: Boundary conditions; Deformation; Digital differential analyzers; Dynamic response; Landslides; Seismic waves; Wave propagation; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Discontinuous deformation analysis; Discontinuous media; Free fields; Ground motions; Rock engineering; Seismic input; Viscous boundary; Earthquakes; boundary condition; deformation; discontinuity; dynamic response; ground motion; landslide; seismic wave; structural response; wave propagation
REFERENCES: Aoi, Shin, Trampoline effect in extreme ground motion, Science, 322, 5902, pp. 727-730, (2008); 
Bao, Huirong, A new viscous boundary condition in the two-dimensional discontinuous deformation analysis method for wave propagation problems, Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 45, 5, pp. 919-928, (2012); 
Bao, Huirong, Site response analysis with two-dimensional numerical discontinuous deformation analysis method, Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 43, 2, pp. 225-246, (2014); 
Cai, Jungang, Effects of multiple parallel fractures on apparent attenuation of stress waves in rock masses, International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 37, 4, pp. 661-682, (2000); 
Handbook of Engineering Geology, (2007); 
Chen, Guangqi, Numerical simulation in rockfall analysis: A close comparison of 2-D and 3-D DDA, Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 46, 3, pp. 527-541, (2013); 
Cheng, Yung Ming, Advancements and improvement in discontinuous deformation analysis, Computers and Geotechnics, 22, 2, pp. 153-163, (1998); 
Cundall, Peter A., A discrete numerical model for granular assemblies, Geotechnique, 29, 1, pp. 47-65, (1979); 
Doolin, David M., Unified displacement boundary constraint formulation for discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA), International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, 29, 12, pp. 1199-1207, (2005); 
Doolin, David M., Time integration in discontinuous deformation analysis, Journal of Engineering Mechanics - ASCE, 130, 3, pp. 249-258, (2004)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Cui, P., Guo, X., Yan, Y., Li, Y., Ge, Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Cui, Peng (56706923500); Guo, Xiaojun (55636231600); Yan, Yan (57203541892); Li, Yong (56044366400); Ge, Yonggang (26039083000)
56706923500; 55636231600; 57203541892; 56044366400; 26039083000
Real-time observation of an active debris flow watershed in the Wenchuan Earthquake area
(2018) Geomorphology, 321, pp. 153 - 166, Cited 56 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2018.08.024
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85052660826&doi=10.1016%2Fj.geomorph.2018.08.024&partnerID=40&md5=15cd921a4e284db9d94d5d056ee61970

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; College of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Debris flows occur frequently and cause considerable damage in the Wenchuan Earthquake area; however, there has been no systematic real-time monitoring of such events. This study used a monitoring system to consider the spatial variation of meteorological and flow processes in a 39.4 km2 watershed. The system comprised three rainfall gauges at different locations, and three hydrological monitoring stations, located on the mainstream and tributaries, with instruments to measure the velocity, height, and density of debris flows. Based on the monitoring data, the debris flow events were categorized and the general runoff velocity, discharge, and density were analysed. We proposed empirical methods for estimating the velocity and the total volume of debris flows based on other easily obtainable parameters, e.g., maximum flow depth and duration. Comparison of the results derived using the monitoring data and empirical formulas with those obtained in other small watersheds worldwide revealed the debris flow characteristics in this relatively large watershed. Rainfall threshold for the debris flows was proposed, which is higher than those proposed for the same region for periods shortly after the Wenchuan Earthquake (2008–2013), and the temporal evolution of the rainfall conditions necessary for debris flows was addressed. © 2018
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flow; Discharge; Monitoring; Rainfall threshold; Velocity; Wenchuan Earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: comparative study; debris flow; discharge; meteorology; monitoring; monitoring system; raingauge; real time; Sichuan earthquake 2008; spatiotemporal analysis; watershed
REFERENCES: Abancó, Clàudia, Transformation of ground vibration signal for debris-flow monitoring and detection in alarm systems, Sensors, 12, 4, pp. 4870-4891, (2012); 
Abancó, Clàudia, An alysis of the ground vibration generated by debris flows and other torrential processes at the Rebaixader monitoring site (Central Pyrenees, Spain), Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 14, 4, pp. 929-943, (2014); 
Arai, Muniyuki, Occurrence conditions of roll waves for three grain-fluid models and comparison with results from experiments and field observation, Geophysical Journal International, 195, 3, pp. 1464-1480, (2013); 
Arattano, Massimo, Measurements of debris flow velocity through cross-correlation of instrumentation data, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 5, 1, pp. 137-142, (2005); 
Arattano, Massimo, Systems and sensors for Debris-flow monitoring and warning, Sensors, 8, 4, pp. 2436-2452, (2008); 
Arattano, Massimo, Monitoring the propagation of a debris flow along a torrent, Hydrological Sciences Journal, 44, 5, pp. 811-823, (1999); 
Badoux, Alexandre, A debris-flow alarm system for the Alpine Illgraben catchment: Design and performance, Natural Hazards, 49, 3, pp. 517-539, (2009); 
Berger, Catherine, A novel method for measuring the timing of bed erosion during debris flows and floods, Water Resources Research, 46, 2, (2010); 
Berti, Matteo, Field observations of a debris flow event in the Dolomites, Geomorphology, 29, 3-4, pp. 265-274, (1999); 
Berti, Matteo, Debris flow monitoring in the Acquabona watershed on the Dolomites (Italian Alps), Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere, 25, 9, pp. 707-715, (2000)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zhao, T., Crosta, G.B.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhao, Tao (56367510100); Crosta, Giovanni Battista (7005690420)
56367510100; 7005690420
On the Dynamic Fragmentation and Lubrication of Coseismic Landslides
(2018) Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 123 (11), pp. 9914 - 9932, Cited 48 times.
DOI: 10.1029/2018JB016378
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85057019258&doi=10.1029%2F2018JB016378&partnerID=40&md5=c7e579b5ef3d3742fbdb9c78f03dbfb6

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, Middlesex, United Kingdom; Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milan, MI, Italy
ABSTRACT: The three-dimensional discrete element method has been employed to analyze the dynamic fragmentation and lubrication mechanisms of coseismic Tangjiashan landslide induced by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake. The numerical results show that the internal rock damage occurs and propagates gradually along the basal failure plane due to seismic shaking. At the peak seismic shaking, a sudden increase of tensile and shear stresses can lead to the complete breakage of basal bonds. This is associated with a sudden relief of overburden stress and rapid decrease of basal stress ratio. Thus, the slope fails as a whole and moves quickly downslope. In this process, several large transversal cracks develop at the middle and upper rear regions, disintegrating the slope mass into several large blocks. During landslide propagation, the thickness of basal fragmented layer increases progressively due to intense shearing, and the basal stress ratio reduces accordingly from 0.68 to 0.28. The reduction of landslide basal stress ratio occurs when the strong basal resistance is overcome by seismic- and gravity-induced shear forces together with intense particle rearrangements. It can be quantified by vibrational and rotational granular temperatures of the basal shear layer, with the peak values of 35.2 and 11.6 m2/s2, respectively. The widespread internal slope fragmentation and subsequent lubrication have been identified as the key mechanisms governing landslide motion, which appear to be the intrinsic features of landslide irrespective of its triggering mechanism. The seismic shaking is more relevant to the detachment than to the spreading of landslide mass. ©2018. The Authors.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: coseismic landslide; discrete element method; dynamic fragmentation; granular temperature; lubrication; shear layer
INDEX KEYWORDS: coseismic process; discrete element method; dynamic analysis; fragmentation; landslide; shear stress; slope failure; surface temperature; tensile stress
REFERENCES: Abe, Steffen, A parallel implementation of the lattice solid model for the simulation of rock mechanics and earthquake dynamics, Pure and Applied Geophysics, 161, 11-12, pp. 2265-2277, (2004); 
Bowman, Elisabeth T., The runout of chalk cliff collapses in England and France—case studies and physical model experiments, Landslides, 12, 2, pp. 225-239, (2015); 
Bowman, Elisabeth T., Physical models of rock avalanche spreading behaviour with dynamic fragmentation, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 49, 4, pp. 460-476, (2012); 
Campbell, Charles S., Self-lubrication for long runout landslides, Journal of Geology, 97, 6, pp. 653-665, (1989); 
Campbell, Charles S., Rapid granular flows, Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, 22, 1, pp. 57-92, (1990); 
Campbell, C. S., Large-scale landslide simulations: global deformation, velocities and basal friction, Journal of Geophysical Research, 100, B5, pp. 8267-8283, (1995); 
Cascini, Leonardo, SPH run-out modelling of channelised landslides of the flow type, Geomorphology, 214, pp. 502-513, (2014); 
Chang, Dongsheng, Simulation of the erosion process of landslide dams due to overtopping considering variations in soil erodibility along depth, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 10, 4, pp. 933-946, (2010); 
Chang, Kuo Jen, Discrete element simulation of the Jiufengershan rock-and-soil avalanche triggered by the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake, Taiwan, Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 114, 3, (2009); 
Chialvo, Sebastian, Bridging the rheology of granular flows in three regimes, Physical Review E - Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics, 85, 2, (2012)
PUBLISHER: Blackwell Publishing Ltd
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; HYBRID GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Huang, Z., Xu, M., Chen, W., Lin, X., Cao, C., Singh, R.P.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Huang, Zhibin (57204500670); Xu, Min (57734835000); Chen, Wei (58735368000); Lin, Xiaojuan (57204113549); Cao, Chunxiang (14031191400); Singh, Ramesh P. (57207365326)
57204500670; 57734835000; 58735368000; 57204113549; 14031191400; 57207365326
Postseismic restoration of the ecological environment in the Wenchuan Region using satellite data
(2018) Sustainability (Switzerland), 10 (11), art. no. 3990, Cited 5 times.
DOI: 10.3390/su10113990
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85055832899&doi=10.3390%2Fsu10113990&partnerID=40&md5=b2823f655c4676281bb0e51ce3dc584d

AFFILIATIONS: Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Chapman University, Orange, CA, United States
ABSTRACT: Using Landsat remote-sensing data combined with geological information extracted from ALOS and Sentinel-1A radar data, the ecological environment was evaluated in the years 2007, 2008, 2013, and 2017 through gray correlation analysis on the basis of the construction of the pressure-state-response model. The main objective of this research was to assess the ecological environment changes in Wenchuan County before and after the earthquake, and to provide reference for future social development and policy implementation. The grading map of the ecological environment was obtained for every year, and the ecological restoration status of Wenchuan County after the earthquake was evaluated. The results showed that the maximum area cover at a "safe" ecological level was over 46.4% in 2007. After the 2008 earthquake, the proportion of "unsafe" and "very unsafe" ecological levels was 40.0%, especially around the Lancang River and the western mountain area in Wenchuan County. After five years of restoration, ecological conditions were improved, up to 48.0% in the region. The areas at "critically safe" and above recovered to 85.5% in 2017 within nine years after the deadly Wenchuan earthquake of May 12, 2008. In this paper, we discuss the results of detailed analysis of ecological improvements and correlation with the degrees of pressure, state, and response layers of the Pressure-State-Response (PSR) model. © 2018 by the authors.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Ecological conditions; Gray correlation analysis; Multisource remote-sensing data; Spatiotemporal analysis; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: ALOS; correlation; environmental change; Landsat; policy implementation; reconstruction; research work; restoration ecology; satellite data; seismic response; Sentinel; Sichuan earthquake 2008; social development; spatiotemporal analysis; Mekong River
REFERENCES: Environmental Protection, (2002); 
Environ Sci Manag, (2017); 
Liao, Chimei, Ecological security evaluation of sustainable agricultural development in karst mountainous area - A case study of Du'an Yao Autonomous County in Guangxi, Chinese Geographical Science, 14, 2, pp. 142-147, (2004); 
Bull Soil Water Conserv, (2015); 
J Hebei Univ Nat Sci Ed, (2017); 
Zuo, Wei, Integrated evaluation of ecological security at different scales using remote sensing: A case study of Zhongxian county, the three Gorges area, China, Pedosphere, 15, 4, pp. 456-464, (2005); 
Shao, Huaiyong, Ecological environment quality evaluation in Mining city: A case of Panzhihua, (2009); 
Cabello, Javier, The ecosystem functioning dimension in conservation: Insights from remote sensing, Biodiversity and Conservation, 21, 13, pp. 3287-3305, (2012); 
West China Dev Rev, (2022); 
Journal of Geo Information Science, (2009)
PUBLISHER: MDPI
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS; GREEN ACCEPTED OPEN ACCESS; GREEN OPEN ACCESS

Hu, W., Hicher, P.-Y., Scaringi, G., Xu, Q., van Asch, T.W.J., Wang, G.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Hu, Wei (42361224100); Hicher, Pierre Yves (6603794844); Scaringi, Gianvito (56335047900); Xu, Qiang (56506033600); van Asch, Theodore W.J. (6701661708); Wang, Gonghui (8532560900)
42361224100; 6603794844; 56335047900; 56506033600; 6701661708; 8532560900
Seismic precursor to instability induced by internal erosion in loose granular slopes
(2018) Geotechnique, 68 (11), pp. 989 - 1001, Cited 37 times.
DOI: 10.1680/jgeot.17.P.079
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85053426636&doi=10.1680%2Fjgeot.17.P.079&partnerID=40&md5=2bf94ad13a8415a20cb5c9a2aa30ef5f

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Centrale Nantes, Nantes, Pays-de-la-Loire, France; Universiteit Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands; Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
ABSTRACT: Fluidised landslides are one of the most dangerous types of mass movements as they can run over long distances at high velocity. A flow-like landslide can occur in both artificially designed and natural slopes, resulting in extensive property damage and significant loss of life. Although various studies have examined the initiation mechanism of this type of landslide, the understanding of the phenomenon of instability which can occur in loose granular slopes deserves further attention. Specific influential factors, such as the changes in the soil microstructure due to water infiltration and seepage forces, still need to be further examined. In this study, the initiation of a fluidised landslide is investigated through flume tests. The tested material was collected from a coseismic landslide deposit in the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake area. These loose, granular deposits can fail due to intense rainfall and exhibit flow-like movement, potentially evolving into destructive debris flows. Two flume apparatuses have been used, which were equipped with multiple sensors to evaluate the pore pressures and the internal displacements. A high-sensitivity seismic accelerometer was installed at the bottom of the flume to record the vibrations produced by the movement of the soil particles during the tests. The soil mass was progressively wetted either by a uniform inflow from the ground surface at the top of the slope, to simulate the infiltration of run-off water arriving from upslope, or by a gradual rise of the water level at the upper boundary of the slope, to simulate a gradual rise of the groundwater table. Internal erosion of the finer soil fraction driven by the seepage forces is thought to have played a significant role in the slope collapse. Possible changes in the particle arrangement were recorded by the accelerometers in the form of an increasing high-frequency vibration signal before any significant rise of pore pressure and any significant displacement of the slope could be observed. Although further parametric investigation is still necessary, and tests at real scale should be devised, the observed behaviour suggests that seismic monitoring of loose, granular deposits could be a promising method for detecting an incipient slope collapse. © 2018 ICE Publishing. All rights reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Erosion; Failure; Laboratory tests; Landslides; Pore pressures; Seismicity
INDEX KEYWORDS: Accelerometers; Computer system recovery; Deposits; Earthquakes; Erosion; Fluidization; Granular materials; Groundwater; Landslides; Pore pressure; Seepage; Soils; Water levels; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; High frequency vibration; Initiation mechanism; Laboratory test; Parametric investigations; Particle arrangements; Seismicity; Soil microstructures; Soil testing
REFERENCES: Is 1893 2002 Indian Standard Code of Practice for Earthquake Resistant Design, (2002); 
Cascini, Leonardo, Modeling of rainfall-induced shallow landslides of the flow-type, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering - ASCE, 136, 1, pp. 85-98, (2010); 
Liquefaction of Sands, (1969); 
Castro, Gonzalo, FACTORS AFFECTING LIQUEFACTION AND CYCLIC MOBILITY, Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, ASCE, 103, 6, pp. 501-516, (1977); 
Chu, Jian, Effect of fines on instability behaviour of loose sand, Geotechnique, 52, 10, pp. 751-755, (2002); 
Crosta, Giovanni Battista, Rainfall-induced landslides and debris flows, Hydrological Processes, 22, 4, pp. 473-477, (2008); 
Daouadji, Ali, Diffuse failure in geomaterials: Experiments, theory and modelling, International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, 35, 16, pp. 1731-1773, (2011); 
Verification of Numerical Procedures for the Analysis of Soil Liquefaction Problems, (1994); 
Eckersley, D., Instrumented laboratory flowslides, Geotechnique, 40, 3, pp. 489-502, (1990); 
Geertsema, Marten, Quick clay from the Mink Creek landslide near Terrace, British Columbia: Geotechnical properties, mineralogy, and geochemistry, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 42, 3, pp. 907-918, (2005)
PUBLISHER: ICE Publishing subscriptions@icepublishing.com
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Yang, W., Qi, W., Jinxing, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Yang, Wentao (55499294400); Qi, Wenwen (55524261400); Jinxing, Zhou (57212669497)
55499294400; 55524261400; 57212669497
Effects of precipitation and topography on vegetation recovery at landslide sites after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake
(2018) Land Degradation and Development, 29 (10), pp. 3355 - 3365, Cited 37 times.
DOI: 10.1002/ldr.3098
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85052472131&doi=10.1002%2Fldr.3098&partnerID=40&md5=fd5cb67c70eac68c6098472acee7e880

AFFILIATIONS: School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, Beijing, China; Academy of Space Technology, Beijing Twenty-First Century Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd., Beijing, China; Jianshui Research Station, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: An important form of land degradation is that induced by landslides. Vegetation recovery at coseismic landslide sites not only plays an important role in reducing soil erosion and increasing land stability but also records the transformation of loose, exposed landslide surfaces into stable hillslopes during the post-seismic years. However, little is known about the vegetation recovery process or its influencing factors. In this study, we use the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) dataset, Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) 3B42 daily precipitation data, and a digital elevation model (DEM) to study the impacts of precipitation and topographic parameters on vegetation recovery after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. Our results reveal significant NDVI decreases during the 2008 earthquake and strong recovery in the following years at the coseismic landslide sites. We also found significant negative correlations between precipitation and derivative of the NDVI trend (NDVI<inf>DT</inf>) in 2010 and 2011 and significant positive correlations in 2009 and 2013 at the regional scale. These significant negative correlations indicate that precipitation may trigger landslides to remobilize, depressing the recovery of vegetation at coseismic landslide sites during the first few years following a major earthquake. The results further show that site-specific vegetation recovery is determined by topographic parameters at the local scale. In general, vegetation recovery is weaker at low elevations (<1,300 m) and high elevations (>3,300 m), and it is also weaker on gentler slopes (<35°) than on steeper slopes (>35°). © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: coseismic landslides; mountain earthquake; precipitation; topography; vegetation recovery
INDEX KEYWORDS: Earthquakes; Landslides; Precipitation (chemical); Radiometers; Rain; Rain gages; Recovery; Satellite imagery; Surveying; Topography; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Digital elevation model; Moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer; Negative correlation; Normalized difference vegetation index; Positive correlations; Tropical rainfall measuring missions; Vegetation recovery; Vegetation; coseismic process; landslide; precipitation (climatology); Sichuan earthquake 2008; topographic effect; vegetation dynamics; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Chen, Hongxin, Evolution of debris flow properties and physical interactions in debris-flow mixtures in the Wenchuan earthquake zone, Engineering Geology, 182, PB, pp. 136-147, (2014); 
Chen, Jin, A simple method for reconstructing a high-quality NDVI time-series data set based on the Savitzky-Golay filter, Remote Sensing of Environment, 91, 3-4, pp. 332-344, (2004); 
Cheng, Qinjuan, The relative importance of soil crust and slope angle in runoff and soil loss: A case study in the hilly areas of the Loess Plateau, North China, GeoJournal, 71, 2-3, pp. 117-125, (2008); 
Introductory Time Series with R, (2009); 
Cruden, David M., Landslide types and processes, Special Report - National Research Council, Transportation Research Board, 247, pp. 36-75, (1996); 
Cui, Peng, Destruction of vegetation due to geo-hazards and its environmental impacts in the Wenchuan earthquake areas, Ecological Engineering, 44, pp. 61-69, (2012); 
Dadson, Simon J., Earthquake-triggered increase in sediment delivery from an active mountain belt, Geology, 32, 8, pp. 733-736, (2004); 
Fan, Ruilin, Evolution of debris flow activities in Gaojiagou Ravine during 2008–2016 after the Wenchuan earthquake, Engineering Geology, 235, pp. 1-10, (2018); 
Geertsema, Marten, Environmental impact of landslides, pp. 589-607, (2009); 
Geertsema, Marten, Influence of landslides on biophysical diversity - A perspective from British Columbia, Geomorphology, 89, 1-2 SPEC. ISS., pp. 55-69, (2007)
PUBLISHER: John Wiley and Sons Ltd vgorayska@wiley.com Southern Gate Chichester, West Sussex PO19 8SQ
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Lu, L., Xiang, L.-Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Lu, Huang (56652807900); Xiang, Luyang (57192179845)
56652807900; 57192179845
Method for Meteorological Early Warning of Precipitation-Induced Landslides Based on Deep Neural Network
(2018) Neural Processing Letters, 48 (2), pp. 1243 - 1260, Cited 41 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11063-017-9778-0
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85040011461&doi=10.1007%2Fs11063-017-9778-0&partnerID=40&md5=693ac5254f83f2c657cd20d1dd4302e0

AFFILIATIONS: Hubei Surveying Mapping Engineering Institute, Hubei Bureau of Surveying and Mapping, Wuhan, China; Department of Engineering, China State Shipbuilding Corporation, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: The meteorological early warning model of precipitation-induced landslides is a significant yet challenging task, due to the complexity and uncertainty of various influence factors. Generally, the existing machine learning methods have the drawbacks of poor learning ability and weak capability of feature extraction. Inspired by deep learning technology, we propose a deep belief network (DBN) approach with Softmax classifier and Dropout mechanism for meteorological early warning of precipitation-induced landslides to overcome these problems. With the powerful nonlinear mapping ability of DBN when training a large number of sample data, we use the greedy unsupervised learning algorithm of DBN to extract the intrinsic characteristics of landslide factors. Then, to further improve prediction accuracy of landslides, the Softmax classifier is added to the top layer of DBN neural network. Moreover, the Dropout mechanism is introduced in the training process to reduce the prediction error caused by the over-fitting phenomena. Taking Wenchuan earthquake affected area for example, after analysis of the factors influencing landslide disasters, the meteorological early warning model of landslides based on Dropout DBN-Softmax is established. Compared with the existing BP neural network algorithm and BP algorithm based on Particle Swarm Optimizer (PSO-BP) algorithm, the experimental results show that the new approach proposed has the advantages of higher accuracy and better technological performances than the former algorithms. © 2018, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Deep neural network; Landslide; Meteorological early warning; Softmax; Wenchuan
INDEX KEYWORDS: Earthquakes; Landslides; Learning algorithms; Neural networks; Particle swarm optimization (PSO); Deep belief network (DBN); Early warning; Intrinsic characteristics; Machine learning methods; Particle swarm optimizers; Softmax; Technological performance; Wenchuan; Deep neural networks
REFERENCES: Gao, Zhongke, A directed weighted complex network for characterizing chaotic dynamics from time series, Nonlinear Analysis: Real World Applications, 13, 2, pp. 947-952, (2012); 
Alvioli, Massimiliano, Parallelization of the TRIGRS model for rainfall-induced landslides using the message passing interface, Environmental Modelling and Software, 81, pp. 122-135, (2016); 
Saro, Lee M., Determination and application of the weights for landslide susceptibility mapping using an artificial neural network, Engineering Geology, 71, 3-4, pp. 289-302, (2004); 
Pham, Binh Thai, A comparative study of different machine learning methods for landslide susceptibility assessment: A case study of Uttarakhand area (India), Environmental Modelling and Software, 84, pp. 240-250, (2016); 
Colkesen, Ismail, Susceptibility mapping of shallow landslides using kernel-based Gaussian process, support vector machines and logistic regression, Journal of African Earth Sciences, 118, pp. 53-64, (2016); 
Kornejady, Aiding, Landslide susceptibility assessment using maximum entropy model with two different data sampling methods, Catena, 152, pp. 144-162, (2017); 
Gerolymos, Nikos A., A model for grain-crushing-induced landslides-Application to Nikawa, Kobe 1995, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 27, 9, pp. 803-817, (2007); 
Chen, Yichin, Quantifying rainfall controls on catchment-scale landslide erosion in Taiwan, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 38, 4, pp. 372-382, (2013); 
Akçali, Emre, Landslide early warning system suggestion based on landslide - Rainfall threshold: Trabzon province, Teknik Dergi/Technical Journal of Turkish Chamber of Civil Engineers, 24, 1, pp. 6307-6332, (2013); 
Chen, Xiaoli, Critical acceleration as a criterion in seismic landslide susceptibility assessment, Geomorphology, 217, pp. 15-22, (2014)
PUBLISHER: Springer New York LLC barbara.b.bertram@gsk.com
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Fan, X., Zhan, W., Dong, X., Van Westen, C.J., Xu, Q., Dai, L., Yang, Q., Huang, R., Havenith, H.-B.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Fan, Xuanmei (12752112800); Zhan, Weiwei (57194511378); Dong, Xiujun (15758927100); Van Westen, Cees J. (6701664942); Xu, Qiang (56506033600); Dai, Lanxin (57196005924); Yang, Qin (57203314330); Huang, Runqiu (55835407700); Havenith, Hans Balder (6602586631)
12752112800; 57194511378; 15758927100; 6701664942; 56506033600; 57196005924; 57203314330; 55835407700; 6602586631
Analyzing successive landslide dam formation by different triggering mechanisms: The case of the Tangjiawan landslide, Sichuan, China
(2018) Engineering Geology, 243, pp. 128 - 144, Cited 60 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2018.06.016
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85049857670&doi=10.1016%2Fj.enggeo.2018.06.016&partnerID=40&md5=d23c9c2d26ffd4abdd06ff4c0b593bdb

AFFILIATIONS: Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Clemson University College of Engineering, Computing and Applied Sciences, Clemson, SC, United States; Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation – ITC, Enschede, Overijssel, Netherlands; Université de Liège, Liege, WLG, Belgium
ABSTRACT: The catastrophic Tangjiawan landslide, triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, blocked the Duba River, impounding one of the most dangerous coseismic barrier lakes in Beichuan, China. The lake was drained by an artificial spillway within one month after the earthquake to minimize the potential dam-breach flooding risk. However, on September 5, 2016, this landslide was reactivated and dammed the river again, creating a 20-m high dam at the same location and resulting in the formation of a barrier lake with a volume of 0.6 million m3. The day after the event we carried out a field investigation of the landslide and obtained a high-resolution image and DEM using UAV. The satellite images from 2005, 2008, 2010 and 2015 were also collected to analyze the evolution of the landslide. Together with multi-temporal DEMs, the geometry and volumes of the displaced mass and the landslide dams and barrier lakes were calculated using image interpretation and 3D spatial analysis with GIS. This landslide is of great scientific interest, as it presents a good example of multiple reactivation of a pre-historical giant landslide under different triggering conditions: a reactivation of an older landslide during the Wenchuan earthquake, and a second reactivation during a rainfall event several years later. Meanwhile from the hazard assessment and prevention perspective, it is also representative as it dammed the river twice in 2008 and 2016, posing threats to both upstream and downstream areas. We infer that the successive landslides in this region could be caused by the strong tectonic activities: including earthquakes and high average uplifting rate. The results of landslide volume analysis using multi-temporal DEMs, contribute to the landslide mechanism analysis, and suggest that the landslide volume estimation is effected by the landslide type, landslide rupture surface location, and resolution of DEM. We also compare the performance of different empirical models of landslide stability and dam-breach flood parameters and discuss their application during the quick assessment of the potential hazard of the landslide dams. Generally, the successive landslide dams at the Tangjiawan site are caused by the successive landslide reactivations on an anti-dip slope controlled by strong tectonic activity and river erosion, involve with a mass of loose materials of previous landslide deposition, and possess high flood risk to the downstream area. The experience gained in this work can be used to assist the hazard assessment and the planning of the emergency measures for similar landslide dams in the future. © 2018 Elsevier B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Emergency response; Evolution; Hazard assessment; Landslide dams; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Dams; Earthquakes; Floods; Hazards; Image analysis; Lakes; Rivers; Tectonics; Emergency response; Evolution; Hazard Assessment; Landslide dam; Wenchuan Earthquake; Landslides; earthquake trigger; hazard assessment; hazard management; landslide; seismic hazard; Sichuan earthquake 2008; trigger mechanism; Beichuan; China; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Adams, John, Earthquake-dammed lakes in New Zealand, Geology, 9, 5, pp. 215-219, (1981); 
Inland Flood Hazards, (2000); 
Chen, Roufei, Topographical changes revealed by high-resolution airborne LiDAR data: The 1999 Tsaoling landslide induced by the Chi-Chi earthquake, Engineering Geology, 88, 3-4, pp. 160-172, (2006); 
Chen, Xiaoqing, Engineering measures for debris flow hazard mitigation in the Wenchuan earthquake area, Engineering Geology, 194, pp. 73-85, (2015); 
Clague, John Joseph, A review of catastrophic drainage of moraine-dammed lakes in British Columbia, Quaternary Science Reviews, 19, 17-18, pp. 1763-1783, (2000); 
Floods from Dam Failures, (1985); 
Costa, John E., FORMATION AND FAILURE OF NATURAL DAMS., Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 100, 7, pp. 1054-1068, (1988); 
Cui, Peng, The 12 May Wenchuan earthquake-induced landslide lakes: Distribution and preliminary risk evaluation, Landslides, 6, 3, pp. 209-223, (2009); 
Cui, Peng, Landslide-dammed lake at Tangjiashan, Sichuan province, China (triggered by the Wenchuan Earthquake, May 12, 2008): Risk assessment, mitigation strategy, and lessons learned, Environmental Earth Sciences, 65, 4, pp. 1055-1065, (2012); 
Dai, Fuchu, The 1786 earthquake-triggered landslide dam and subsequent dam-break flood on the Dadu River, southwestern China, Geomorphology, 65, 3-4, pp. 205-221, (2005)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; BRONZE OPEN ACCESS; GREEN ACCEPTED OPEN ACCESS; GREEN OPEN ACCESS

Tan, X., Yue, H., Liu, Y., Xiwei, X., Shi, F., Xu, C., Ren, Z., Shyu, J.B.H., Lu, R., Hao, H.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Tan, Xinbin (35184143700); Yue, Han (52464826700); Liu, Yiduo (57194411991); Xiwei, Xu (8246843900); Shi, Feng (57202464002); Xu, Chong (35184309900); Ren, Zhikun (26321922800); Shyu, J. Bruce H. (36610893900); Lu, Renqi (23389715500); Hao, Haijian (55768405500)
35184143700; 52464826700; 57194411991; 8246843900; 57202464002; 35184309900; 26321922800; 36610893900; 23389715500; 55768405500
Topographic Loads Modified by Fluvial Incision Impact Fault Activity in the Longmenshan Thrust Belt, Eastern Margin of the Tibetan Plateau
(2018) Tectonics, 37 (9), pp. 3001 - 3017, Cited 22 times.
DOI: 10.1029/2017TC004864
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85053380824&doi=10.1029%2F2017TC004864&partnerID=40&md5=39976e5ac3ef0ee54d5827d4043a4502

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Active Tectonics and Volcano, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China; School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China; College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Houston, TX, United States; Department of Geosciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
ABSTRACT: Whether external or internal forces of the Earth control the behaviors of upper-crustal faults in a fold-and-thrust belt has been debated for decades. The Longmenshan thrust belt (LTB) along the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau may provide insights into such a debate, as the central segment of the LTB has relatively uniform shortening strains yet various fluvial incision capability along the strike. This tectonic setting enables a better assessment of the effects of external forces on fault activity. We analyzed the variations of topography, fluvial incision intensity, coseismic slips, and coseismic landslides along the central LTB. The Longmen subsegment in the northern half has higher elevation and lower fluvial incision intensity than the Hongkou subsegment in the south. We calculated the topographic stresses on the faults ruptured during the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and found topographic introduced normal stress increase may explain the coseismic slip partitioning onto two subfaults along the Longmen subsegment. Our results indicate that fluvial incision may have produced the along-strike variations of the topography, which may further produce the different rupture behavior. In addition, the mean hillslope angle along the central LTB appeared to be at the critical condition prior to the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and reduced significantly by the earthquake, indicating that geomorphic indices may vary with different stages in an earthquake cycle. Therefore, scrutinizing the mean hillslope angle and other geomorphic indices may help identify potential seismic hazards in an active fault system. ©2018. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: external forces; fluvial incision; Longmenshan; Tibetan Plateau; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Earthquakes; External force; Fluvial incision; Longmenshan; Tibetan Plateau; Wenchuan Earthquake; Fault slips; active fault; coseismic process; earthquake rupture; fluvial process; geomorphology; hillslope; landslide; Sichuan earthquake 2008; tectonic setting; thrust fault; China; Longmen Mountains; Qinghai-Xizang Plateau
REFERENCES: Airaghi, Laura, Total exhumation across the Beichuan fault in the Longmen Shan (eastern Tibetan plateau, China): Constraints from petrology and thermobarometry, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 140, pp. 108-121, (2017); 
Allen, Philip A., Earth Surface Processes, pp. 1-404, (2009); 
Avouac, Jean Philippe, Erosion as a driving mechanism of intracontinental mountain growth, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 101, 8, pp. 17747-17769, (1996); 
Thrust Tectonics, (1992); 
Beaumont, Christopher M., Himalayan tectonics explained by extrusion of a low-viscosity crustal channel coupled to focused surface denudation, Nature, 414, 6865, pp. 738-742, (2001); 
Bollinger, Laurent, Stress buildup in the Himalaya, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 109, 11, pp. 1-8, (2004); 
Burbank, Douglas W., Bedrock incision, rock uplift and threshold hillslopes in the northwestern Himalayas, Nature, 379, 6565, pp. 505-510, (1996); 
Chang, Chungpai, Influence of the pre-existing Xiaoyudong salient in surface rupture distribution of the M w 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Tectonophysics, 530-531, pp. 240-250, (2012); 
Chen, Lichun, Paleoseismology and kinematic characteristics of the Xiaoyudong rupture, a short but significant strange segment characterized by the May 12, 2008, Mw 7.9 earthquake in Sichuan, China, Tectonophysics, 584, pp. 91-101, (2013); 
Chen, Yiwei, Neotectonic characteristics along the eastern flank of the Central Range in the active Taiwan orogen inferred from fluvial channel morphology, Tectonics, 34, 10, pp. 2249-2270, (2015)
PUBLISHER: Blackwell Publishing Ltd
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Ren, Z., Zhang, Z., Zhang, H., Zheng, W., Zhang, P.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Ren, Zhikun (26321922800); Zhang, Zhuqi (24588369900); Zhang, Huiping (13807113100); Zheng, Wenjun (7403566257); Zhang, Peizlien Zhen (7404158956)
26321922800; 24588369900; 13807113100; 7403566257; 7404158956
The Role of the 2008 Mw 7.9 Wenchuan Earthquake in Topographic Evolution: Seismically Induced Landslides and the Associated Isostatic Response
(2018) Tectonics, 37 (9), pp. 2748 - 2757, Cited 9 times.
DOI: 10.1029/2017TC004848
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85052788961&doi=10.1029%2F2017TC004848&partnerID=40&md5=6d2e2e7238db0277f9dae950e86a2f22

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Active Tectonics and Volcano, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China; School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
ABSTRACT: The widely held notion about the relationship between reverse-faulting earthquakes and mountain building has been challenged by recent studies suggesting a net coseismic lowering of surface height due to the 2008 Mw 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake. We calculate the long-term isostatic response to the removal of coseismic landslide mass produced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, using re-estimated coseismic landslide volumes. The total isostatic response volume is associated with the input landslide volumes and ranges from ~1.0 to 2.7 km3, which did not change much with the varied input value of the effective elastic thickness (Te); however, the rebound distribution changes with Te. Consequently, the net uplift volume will be ~1.2–2.9 km3, taking into account the total landslide volume of 2.8 + 0.9/−0.7 km3 and the coseismic uplift of 2.6 ± 1.2 km3. The isostatic response due to Wenchuan earthquake is ~0.3 m but may vary from 0.15 to 0.6 m (input minimum and maximum landslide volumes from the combined scaling parameters, respectively) in the central Longmen Shan. We also find that the average net uplift is ~0.11–0.26 m, which resulted from the imbalance between earthquake-caused uplift and the isostasy within the landslide region due to the Wenchuan earthquake. The total isostasy could reach ~550–1,300 m during the past 10–15 Ma, in the corridor bounding the coseismic surface ruptures. Our findings reveal that the evolution of local topography in the Longmen Shan region is inevitably related to the repeated tectonic events, especially the strong earthquakes similar to the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. ©2018. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: isostatic rebound; mountain building; seismically induced erosion; Tibetan Plateau; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Faulting; Geodesy; Induced Seismicity; Landslides; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Coseismic surface rupture; Effective elastic thickness; Isostatic rebound; Mountain building; Seismically induced landslide; Tibetan Plateau; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes; coseismic process; earthquake rupture; erosion; isostasy; landslide; Sichuan earthquake 2008; topography; uplift; China; Qinghai-Xizang Plateau
REFERENCES: Braitenberg, Carla, Spatial variations of flexure parameters over the Tibet-Quinghai plateau, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 205, 3-4, pp. 211-224, (2003); 
Braitenberg, Carla, The gravity and isostatic Moho undulations in Qinghai-Tibet plateau, Journal of Geodynamics, 30, 5, pp. 489-505, (2000); 
Burchfiel, B. Clark, A geological and geophysical context for the Wenchuan earthquake of 12 May 2008, Sichuan, People's Republic of China, GSA Today, 18, 7, pp. 4-11, (2008); 
Burchfiel, B. Clark, Tectonics of the Longmen Shan and Adjacent Regions, Central China, International Geology Review, 37, 8, pp. 661-735, (1995); 
Champagnac, Jean Daniel, Quaternary erosion-induced isostatic rebound in the western Alps, Geology, 35, 3, pp. 195-198, (2007); 
Chen, Shefa, Emplacement of the Longmen Shan Thrust-Nappe Belt along the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, Journal of Structural Geology, 18, 4, pp. 413-430, (1996); 
Clark, Marin Kristen, Dynamic topography produced by lower crustal flow against rheological strength heterogeneities bordering the Tibetan Plateau, Geophysical Journal International, 162, 2, pp. 575-590, (2005); 
Clark, Marin Kristen, Late Cenozoic uplift of southeastern Tibet, Geology, 33, 6, pp. 525-528, (2005); 
Clark, Marin Kristen, Topographic ooze: Building the eastern margin of Tibet by lower crustal flow, Geology, 28, 8, pp. 703-706, (2000); 
Dadson, Simon J., Links between erosion, runoff variability and seismicity in the Taiwan orogen, Nature, 426, 6967, pp. 648-651, (2003)
PUBLISHER: Blackwell Publishing Ltd
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; BRONZE OPEN ACCESS

Hu, M., Liu, Q., Wu, F., Yu, M., Jiang, S.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Hu, Man (55982016200); Liu, Qiuqiang (59613211300); Wu, Fei (57189332900); Yu, Mengting (57196465860); Jiang, Shenghua (35205311900)
55982016200; 59613211300; 57189332900; 57196465860; 35205311900
GIS Enabled SPH-Soil Modeling for the Post-Failure Flow of Landslides under Seismic Loadings
(2018) International Journal of Computational Methods, 15 (6), art. no. 1850046, Cited 13 times.
DOI: 10.1142/S0219876218500469
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85033436748&doi=10.1142%2FS0219876218500469&partnerID=40&md5=149a4f6af2a4f7129bf5a3f8fe555e75

AFFILIATIONS: College of Engineering and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Consultative Center for Geo-Hazard Emergency, Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Landslide can usually be induced by a strong earthquake, and it causes very serious property damage and human casualties. Modeling of post-failure flow of landslides is one of the important approaches that can be used to simulate landslide flow developments and predict the landslide hazard zone. In this paper, a Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) model based on the constitution of elastic-plastic constitutive mechanics for soil has been developed for simulating the behavior of a class of geo-materials under the seismic loadings. Our SPH-Soil model considers the plastic behavior of the materials, and hence it is very important for more accurate and realistic simulations of geo-materials of soil type. The implemented materials laws in the SPH-Soil code include classical elastic-plasticity with a linear elastic part, and different applicable yield surfaces with nonassociated flow rules. In order to apply this model to actual landslide modeling the Geographic Information System (GIS) is utilized to generate site-specific models. We have thus developed a C# code to generate the particles of a given landslide site, which produces realistic particle mass and actual complicated boundaries for the SPH-Soil model. With GIS enabled, complex topography and irregular boundary can be accurately and easily built up. Then the SPH-Soil code has been applied to the well-known Daguangbao landslide, which was triggered by Wenchuan earthquake in 2008. The topographies after failure were compared with that obtained from field collected data and good agreement was found. © 2018 World Scientific Publishing Company.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Earthquake; Geographic information system (GIS); Landslide; Smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH)
INDEX KEYWORDS: Codes (symbols); Earthquakes; Elastoplasticity; Geographic information systems; Information systems; Information use; Landslides; Soils; Complex topographies; Daguangbao landslides; Elastic-plasticity; Irregular boundary; Non-associated flow rule; Realistic simulation; Smoothed particle hydrodynamics; Wenchuan Earthquake; Hydrodynamics
REFERENCES: Bui, Ha H., Lagrangian meshfree particles method (SPH) for large deformation and failure flows of geomaterial using elastic-plastic soil constitutive model, International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, 32, 12, pp. 1537-1570, (2008); 
Chen, Wai Fah, Nonlinear analysis in soil mechanics: theory and implementation, (1990); 
Chen, Wei, Simulation of earthquake-induced slope deformation using SPH method, International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, 38, 3, pp. 297-330, (2014); 
Dai, Zili, 3D numerical modeling using smoothed particle hydrodynamics of flow-like landslide propagation triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Engineering Geology, 180, pp. 21-33, (2014); 
Görüm, Tolga, Distribution pattern of earthquake-induced landslides triggered by the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Geomorphology, 133, 3-4, pp. 152-167, (2011); 
Haddad, Bouchra, A SPH depth integrated model for Popocatépetl 2001 lahar (Mexico): Sensitivity analysis and runout simulation, Engineering Geology, 114, 3-4, pp. 312-329, (2010); 
Hu, Dean, Penetration analysis of concrete plate by 3D FE-SPH adaptive coupling algorithm, Computers, Materials and Continua, 29, 2, pp. 155-168, (2012); 
Hu, Dean, Swelling movement induced by underground explosion of aluminized explosive in multilayered compact material, International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 71, pp. 330-339, (2015); 
Hu, Dean, Fluid-structure interaction analysis by coupled FE-SPH model based on a novel searching algorithm, Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 276, pp. 266-286, (2014); 
Huang, Runqiu, The characteristics and failure mechanism of the largest landslide triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake, May 12, 2008, China, Landslides, 9, 1, pp. 131-142, (2012)
PUBLISHER: World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte Ltd wspc@wspc.com.sg
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Liao, L., Yang, Y., Yang, Z., Zhu, Y., Hu, J., Steve Zou, D.H.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Liao, Liping (41961428300); Yang, Yunchuan (57191365928); Yang, Zhiquan (56171368600); Zhu, Yingyan (10143158600); Hu, Jin (57198193831); Steve Zou, D. H. (7801388842)
41961428300; 57191365928; 56171368600; 10143158600; 57198193831; 7801388842
Mechanical state of gravel soil in mobilization of rainfall-induced landslides in the Wenchuan seismic area, Sichuan province, China
(2018) Earth Surface Dynamics, 6 (3), pp. 637 - 649, Cited 3 times.
DOI: 10.5194/esurf-6-637-2018
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85051164116&doi=10.5194%2Fesurf-6-637-2018&partnerID=40&md5=d6dfa871a5a8f251846e7e1ec031bca0

AFFILIATIONS: College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China; Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Structural Safety of Ministry of Education, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Engineering Safety, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China; Faculty of Land Resource Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Department of Civil and Resource Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
ABSTRACT: Gravel soils generated by the Wenchuan earthquake have undergone natural consolidation for the past decade. However, geological hazards, such as slope failures with ensuing landslides, have continued to pose great threats to the region. In this paper, artificial model tests were used to observe the changes of soil moisture content and pore water pressure, as well as macroscopic and microscopic phenomena of gravel soil. In addition, a mathematical formula of the critical state was derived from the triaxial test data. Finally, the mechanical states of gravel soil were determined. The results had five aspects. (1) The time and mode of the occurrence of landslides were closely related to the initial dry density. The process of initiation was accompanied by changes in density and void ratio. (2) The migration of fine particles and the rearrangement of coarse-fine particles contributed to the reorganization of the microscopic structure, which might be the main reason for the variation of dry density and void ratio. (3) If the confining pressure were the same, the void ratios of soils with constant particle composition would approach approximately critical values. (4) Mechanical state of gravel soil can be determined by the relative position between state parameter (e, p′) and e<inf>c</inf>-p′ planar critical state line, where e is the void ratio, ec is the critical void ratio and p′ is the mean effective stress. (5) In the process of landslide initiation, dilatation and contraction were two types of gravel soil state, but dilatation was dominant. This paper provided insight into interpreting landslide initiation from the perspective of critical state soil mechanics. © Author(s) 2018.
INDEX KEYWORDS: confining pressure; critical state; dry density; earthquake; gravel; landslide; mobilization; moisture content; porewater; soil moisture; triaxial test; void ratio; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Been, Kenneth, A state parameter for sands, Geotechnique, 35, 2, pp. 99-112, (1985); 
Journal of the Boston Society of Civil Engineers, (1936); 
Chen, Ningsheng, Testing study on strength reduction of gravelly soil in triggering area of debris flow under earthquake, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 23, 16, pp. 2743-2747, (2004); 
Chen, N. Sh, The processes and mechanism of failure and debris flow initiation for gravel soil with different clay content, Geomorphology, 121, 3-4, pp. 222-230, (2010); 
Chen, Ningsheng, Mechanisms involved in triggering debris flows within a cohesive gravel soil mass on a slope: a case in SW China, Journal of Mountain Science, 14, 4, pp. 611-620, (2017); 
Soil Mechanics, (1994); 
Cui, Peng, Characteristics and countermeasures of debris flow in Wenchuan area after the earthquake, Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 42, 5, pp. 10-19, (2010); 
Cui, Peng, Risk assessment of highways affected by debris flows in Wenchuan earthquake area, Journal of Mountain Science, 10, 2, pp. 173-189, (2013); 
Dai, Fuchu, Analysis of rainstorm-induced slide-debris flows on natural terrain of Lantau Island, Hong Kong, Engineering Geology, 51, 4, pp. 279-290, (1999); 
Dai, Fuchu, Stress-strain behaviour of a loosely compacted volcanic-derived soil and its significance to rainfall-induced fill slope failures, Engineering Geology, 53, 3-4, pp. 359-370, (1999)
PUBLISHER: Copernicus GmbH
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS; GREEN ACCEPTED OPEN ACCESS; GREEN OPEN ACCESS

Xu, Y., Zhang, W., Li, W., He, H.-L., Tian, Q.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Xu, Yueren (35072242800); Zhang, Weiheng (57204648717); Li, Wenqiao Qiaou (52263948300); He, Honglin (36123065500); Tian, Qianjian (7102891908)
35072242800; 57204648717; 52263948300; 36123065500; 7102891908
Distribution characteristics of the AD 1556 Huaxian earthquake triggered disasters and its implications 1556年华县地震同震黄土滑坡密集区的发现及意义
(2018) Dizhen Dizhi, 40 (4), pp. 721 - 737, Cited 9 times.
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2018.04.001
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85056520465&doi=10.3969%2Fj.issn.0253-4967.2018.04.001&partnerID=40&md5=bcd96e92ea06f45002e13ee36a6b5bc8

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Earthquake Prediction, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing, China; Department of Earth Sciences, Durham University, Durham, County Durham, United Kingdom; Key Laboratory of Active Tectonics and Volcano, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: A complete understanding to the disasters triggered by giant earthquakes is not only crucial to effectively evaluating the reliability of existing earthquake magnitude, but also supporting the seismic hazard assessment. The great historical earthquake with estimated magnitude of M8.5 in Huaxian County on the 23rd January 1556, which caused a death toll of more than 830 000, is the most serious earthquake on the global record. But for a long time, the knowledge about the hazards of this earthquake has been limited to areas along the causative Huashan piedmont fault(HSPF)and within the Weihe Basin. In this paper, we made a study on earthquake triggered landslides of the 1556 event along but not limited to the HSPF. Using the high-resolution satellite imagery of Google Earth for earthquake-triggered landslide interpretation, we obtained two dense loess landslides areas generated by the 1556 earthquake, which are located at the east end and west end of the HSPF. The number of the interpreted landslides is 1515 in the west area(WA), which is near to the macro-epicentre, and 2 049 in the east area(EA), respectively. Based on the empirical relationship between the landslide volume and area, we get the estimated landslide volume of 2.85~6.40km3 of WA and EA, which is equivalent or bigger than the value of~2.8km3 caused by Wenchuan earthquake of M<inf>W</inf>7.9 on 12th May 2008. These earthquake triggered landslides are the main cause for the death of inhabitants living in houses or loess house caves located outside of the basin, such as Weinan, Lintong, Lantian(affected by WA)and Lingbao(affected by EA). Our results can help deeply understand the distribution characteristics of coseismic disaster of the 1556 Huaxian earthquake to the south of Weihe Basin, and also provide important reference for the modification of the isoseismals. © 2018, Editorial Office of Seismology and Geology. All right reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: 1556 Huaxian earthquake; Earthquake-triggered disasters; Huashan piedmont fault; Loess landslide
INDEX KEYWORDS: Disasters; Faulting; Hazards; Landslides; Satellite imagery; Sediments; Distribution characteristics; Earthquake magnitudes; Earthquake-triggered landslides; Empirical relationships; High resolution satellite imagery; Historical earthquakes; Loess landslides; Seismic hazard assessment; Earthquakes; data interpretation; earthquake damage; earthquake magnitude; earthquake trigger; empirical analysis; faulting; landslide; loess; paleoseismicity; piedmont; satellite imagery; seismic hazard; trigger mechanism; China
REFERENCES: Feng, Xijie, Site correction for Ronghe, an ancient county city and Huaxian earthquake in 1556, Earthquake, 23, 4, pp. 104-108, (2003); 
Active Fault System Around Ordos Massif, (2025); 
Acta Geophys Sin, (1957); 
Northwestern Seismological Journal, (1985); 
North China Earthquake Sciences, (1983); 
Research on Ground Fissures in Xi an Region and Active Faults in Weihe Basin, (1992); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2007); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2014); 
Ma, Ji, The coseismic vertical displacements of surface rupture zone of the 1556 Huaxian earthquake, Dizhen Dizhi, 38, 1, pp. 22-30, (2016); 
Atlas of Shanxi Earthquake Isoseismal, (2009)
PUBLISHER: State Seismology Administration
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Jia-Liang, J., Yin, W., Dan, G., Ren-Mao, Y., Xiao-Yan, Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Jia-Liang, Jin (57203549090); Yin, Wang (57203547392); Dan, Gao (57203549976); Ren-Mao, Yuan (57203549890); Xiao-Yan, Yang (59158001600)
57203549090; 57203547392; 57203549976; 57203549890; 59158001600
New evaluation models of newmark displacement for southwest China
(2018) Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 108 (4), pp. 2221 - 2236, Cited 18 times.
DOI: 10.1785/0120170349
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85052237287&doi=10.1785%2F0120170349&partnerID=40&md5=951aadd5b010fcd6418b29551e454857

AFFILIATIONS: University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China; Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: In this article, the authors aim to establish the suitable Newmark displacement models of the coseismic displacements for southwest China, where the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, the 2013 Lushan earthquake, and the 2017 Jiuzhaigou earthquake occurred. Based on the 33 strong ground motion data recordings during the 2008 M<inf>w</inf> 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake, the Newmark displacement (D<inf>n</inf>) value, the critical acceleration (A<inf>c</inf>), and the Arias intensity (I<inf>A</inf>) value of the recordings are used for relationship analysis. The new parameters are then fitted to southwest China based on the functional form of Jibson’s models and their modified models. Results show that the models have higher correlation coefficients and smaller estimation errors. These are then tested by the strong ground motion data of the 2013 M<inf>w</inf> 6.6 Lushan earthquake, indicating that the models with new fitting parameters are suitable for the southwest area of China. According to comparison analysis, one of the models with newly fitted parameters has the smallest error and the maximum correlation coefficient: log D<inf>n</inf> 0:465 log I<inf>A</inf> 12:896A<inf>c</inf> log I<inf>A</inf> − 22:201A<inf>c</inf> 2:092 0:148 R2 0:92, being recommended for the southwest area of China. Subsequently, this model is used to evaluate the landslide hazards induced by the 2017 M<inf>s</inf> 7.0 Jiuzhaigou earthquake, the results of which are consistent with the survey results. Therefore, the recommended model is useful for the future earthquake hazard assessment in the southwest area of China. The results presented in this article also suggest that assessment models need to be refitted with new parameters for estimating the coseismic displacement in a specific region, which will get better estimated values. © 2018, Seismological Society of America. All rights reserved.
INDEX KEYWORDS: Hazards; Surveys; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Co-seismic displacement; Comparison analysis; Correlation coefficient; Critical acceleration; Maximum correlation coefficient; Relationship analysis; Strong ground motion; Earthquake effects; coseismic process; displacement; earthquake intensity; Lushan earthquake 2013; numerical model; seismic data; Sichuan earthquake 2008; strong motion; China; Anas
REFERENCES: Ambraseys, Nicholas N., Earthquake induced displacements of slopes, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 14, 1, pp. 59-71, (1995); 
Ambraseys, Nicholas N., Earthquake‐induced ground displacements, Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 16, 7, pp. 985-1006, (1988); 
Coal Geol China, (2011); 
Nat Hazards Earth Syst Sci, (2013); 
Chen, Xiaoli, Applying the Newmark's model to the assessment of earthquake-triggered landslides during the Lushan earthquake, Dizhen Dizhi, 35, 3, pp. 661-670, (2013); 
Chousianitis, Konstantinos G., Predictive model of Arias intensity and Newmark displacement for regional scale evaluation of earthquake-induced landslide hazard in Greece, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 65, pp. 11-29, (2014); 
Cui, Shenghua, On the initiation and movement mechanisms of a catastrophic landslide triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan (Ms 8.0) earthquake in the epicenter area, Landslides, 14, 3, pp. 805-819, (2017); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2017); 
Di, Baofeng, A method predicting the earthquake-induced landslide risk by back analyses of past landslides and its application in the region of the Wenchuan 12/5/2008 earthquake, Natural Hazards, 85, 2, pp. 903-927, (2017); 
Ge, Hua, The assessment and mapping of seismic landslide hazards: A case study of Yingxiu area, Sichuan Province, Geology in China, 40, 2, pp. 644-652, (2013)
PUBLISHER: Seismological Society of America 201 Plaza Professional Building El Cerrito CA 94530
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Li, M., Tian, C., Wang, Y.-K., Liu, Q., Lu, Y., Wang, W.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Li, Ming (57201044378); Tian, Congshan (57200181260); Wang, Yukuan (57217193361); Liu, Qin (57203365315); Lu, Yafeng Fengi (56497244700); Wang, Shan (57037248600)
57201044378; 57200181260; 57217193361; 57203365315; 56497244700; 57037248600
Impacts of future climate change (2030-2059) on debris flow hazard: A case study in the Upper Minjiang River basin, China
(2018) Journal of Mountain Science, 15 (8), pp. 1836 - 1850, Cited 20 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11629-017-4787-z
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85051746743&doi=10.1007%2Fs11629-017-4787-z&partnerID=40&md5=0fa06784245d013054606767962fb427

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Chengdu Land Planning and Cadastre Center, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: An increase in extreme precipitation events due to future climate change will have a decisive influence on the formation of debris flows in earthquake-stricken areas. This paper aimed to describe the possible impacts of future climate change on debris flow hazards in the Upper Minjiang River basin in Northwest Sichuan of China, which was severely affected by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. The study area was divided into 1285 catchments, which were used as the basic assessment units for debris flow hazards. Based on the current understanding of the causes of debris flows, a binary logistic regression model was used to screen key factors based on local geologic, geomorphologic, soil, vegetation, and meteorological and climatic conditions. We used the weighted summation method to obtain a composite index for debris flow hazards, based on two weight allocation methods: Relative Degree Analysis and rough set theory. Our results showed that the assessment model using the rough set theory resulted in better accuracy. According to the bias corrected and downscaled daily climate model data, future annual precipitation (2030-2059) in the study area are expected to decrease, with an increasing number of heavy rainfall events. Under future climate change, areas with a high-level of debris flow hazard will be even more dangerous, and 5.9% more of the study area was categorized as having a high-level hazard. Future climate change will cause an increase in debris flow hazard levels for 128 catchments, accounting for 10.5% of the total area. In the coming few decades, attention should be paid not only to traditional areas with high-level of debris flow hazards, but also to those areas with an increased hazard level to improve their resilience to debris flow disasters. © 2018, Science Press, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, CAS and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flow; Future climate change; Hazard assessment; Minjiang River basin; Relative degree analysis; Rough set theory
INDEX KEYWORDS: climate change; debris flow; disaster management; environmental impact; future prospect; hazard assessment; Sichuan earthquake 2008; China; Min Basin [Sichuan]; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Bao, Yun, Projection of China’s near- and long-term climate in a new high-resolution daily downscaled dataset NEX-GDDP, Journal of Meteorological Research, 31, 1, pp. 236-249, (2017); 
Bertrand, Mélanie, Debris-flow susceptibility of upland catchments, Natural Hazards, 67, 2, pp. 497-511, (2013); 
Çan, Tolga, Susceptibility assessments of shallow earthflows triggered by heavy rainfall at three catchments by logistic regression analyses, Geomorphology, 72, 1-4, pp. 250-271, (2005); 
Cao, Wei, Land-use regionalization based on landscape pattern indices using rough set theory and catastrophe progression method, Environmental Earth Sciences, 73, 4, pp. 1611-1620, (2015); 
Chang, Fi John, Investigating the impact of the Chi-Chi earthquake on the occurrence of debris flows using artificial neural networks, Hydrological Processes, 23, 19, pp. 2728-2736, (2009); 
Chen, Jian, Debris-Flow Susceptibility Assessment Model and Its Application in Semiarid Mountainous Areas of the Southeastern Tibetan Plateau, Natural Hazards Review, 18, 2, (2017); 
Chen, Wei, GIS-based landslide susceptibility mapping using analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and certainty factor (CF) models for the Baozhong region of Baoji City, China, Environmental Earth Sciences, 75, 1, pp. 1-14, (2016); 
Cui, Peng, Characteristics and countermeasures of debris flow in Wenchuan area after the earthquake, Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 42, 5, pp. 10-19, (2010); 
Donat, Markus G., More extreme precipitation in the worldâ €™ s dry and wet regions, Nature Climate Change, 6, 5, pp. 508-513, (2016); 
Dormann, Carsten F., Collinearity: A review of methods to deal with it and a simulation study evaluating their performance, Ecography, 36, 1, pp. 27-46, (2013)
PUBLISHER: Science Press
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wu, R., Zhang, Y., Guo, C., Yang, Z., Ren, S., Tong, B.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wu, Rui'an (57192961752); Zhang, Yongshuang (55883678200); Guo, Changbao (16318333200); Yang, Zhihua (55549475400); Ren, Sanshao (57191495057); Tong, Bin (56229859400)
57192961752; 55883678200; 16318333200; 55549475400; 57191495057; 56229859400
Reactivation characteristics and dynamic hazard prediction of an ancient landslide in the east margin of Tibetan Plateau
(2018) Environmental Earth Sciences, 77 (16), art. no. 573, Cited 13 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s12665-018-7741-7
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85051729588&doi=10.1007%2Fs12665-018-7741-7&partnerID=40&md5=1590797bc52e7ece7dee1bf1b1a7ac16

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China; Tianjin Center, China Geological Survey, Beijing, Beijing, China; China Institute of Geo-Environment Monitoring, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: The increasing human engineering activities and frequent extreme weather events have caused extensive reactivation of ancient landslides, which are widely developed in the east margin of Tibetan Plateau. The Shangyaogou landslide, as a typical ancient landslide example in this area, was investigated to reveal the reactivation characteristics, and its stability was calculated under the continuous rainfall condition with the intensity 30 mm/day using the finite element software Geo-Studio. The whole movement process and hazard prediction under the different triggering conditions were simulated using the numerical software DAN3D. The study results showed that: (1) under the joint influence of Mw 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake, toe erosion and intensive rainfall, multi-stage deformations occurred to the front part of the Shangyaogou landslide in multiple periods and also indicated a significant potential instability; (2) under the continuous rainfall condition, when the single effective total infiltration reached about 65 mm, the reactivation part will become unstable. While the single effective total infiltration reached about 120 mm, both reactivation part and posterior part became instability; (3) the maximum run-out distance of the reactivation part was calculated to be 350 m, and the forefront of the accumulation deposit would not reach the residential area; When both parts failed simultaneously, the maximum run-out distance was calculated to be 550 m by considering the thickness and dynamic energy of the accumulation deposits, and the vulnerable elements inside the fan area with radius of 150 m would be severely threatened; (4) abundant earthquake-triggered landslides have been developing in history or in recent years in the eastern margin of Tibetan Plateau. Some of them have been partly reactivated due to the increasing human engineering activities and extreme rainfall events, and they have a potential for further deformation and failure. The presented study methods can provide guidance for local disaster prevention and mitigation, and can be used as a reference for the hazard prediction of the similar ancient landslides which have been reactivated. © 2018, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Ancient landslide; East margin of Tibetan Plateau; Landslide hazard prediction; Landslide stability; Reactivation characteristic
INDEX KEYWORDS: Deformation; Deposits; Disaster prevention; Earthquakes; Forecasting; Hazards; Human engineering; Rain; Ancient landslide; Landslide hazard prediction; Landslide stability; Reactivation characteristic; Tibetan Plateau; Landslides; deformation; earthquake trigger; geological hazard; hazard; landslide; movement; prediction; rainfall; Sichuan earthquake 2008; software; trigger mechanism; China; Qinghai-Xizang Plateau
REFERENCES: Armaş, Iuliana, Diagnosis of landslide risk for individual buildings: Insights from Prahova Subcarpathians, Romania, Environmental Earth Sciences, 71, 11, pp. 4637-4646, (2014); 
Burda, Jan, Climate-induced landslide reactivation at the edge of the Most Basin (Czech Republic)-progress towards better landslide prediction, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 13, 2, pp. 361-374, (2013); 
Chen, Hong, A dynamic model for rainfall-induced landslides on natural slopes, Geomorphology, 51, 4, pp. 269-288, (2003); 
Crosta, Giovanni Battista, Forecasting hazard scenarios and implications for the evaluation of countermeasure efficiency for large debris avalanches, Engineering Geology, 83, 1-3, pp. 236-253, (2006); 
Cruden, David M., Landslide types and processes, Special Report - National Research Council, Transportation Research Board, 247, pp. 36-75, (1996); 
Dai, Fuchu, The 1786 earthquake-triggered landslide dam and subsequent dam-break flood on the Dadu River, southwestern China, Geomorphology, 65, 3-4, pp. 205-221, (2005); 
Deng, Jianhui, Geological origin and stability evaluation of Siwancun landslide in Luding county, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 26, 10, pp. 1945-1950, (2007); 
Deng, Hui, Formation of the Siwanli ancient landslide in the Dadu River, China, Landslides, 14, 1, pp. 385-394, (2017); 
Test Research on Soil Lanslides Stability Influenced by Crack Water, (2008); 
Seepage Modeling with Seep W 2007, (2025)
PUBLISHER: Springer Verlag service@springer.de
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Chen, S., Chen, Z., Tao, R., Yu, S., Xu, W., Zhou, X., Zhou, Z.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Chen, Shujing (56555545600); Chen, Zuyu (7409488632); Tao, Ran (57201467831); Yu, Shu (56102640900); Xu, Wenjie (55496385700); Zhou, Xingbo (56495731000); Zhou, Zhidong (57201475980)
56555545600; 7409488632; 57201467831; 56102640900; 55496385700; 56495731000; 57201475980
Emergency Response and Back Analysis of the Failures of Earthquake Triggered Cascade Landslide Dams on the Mianyuan River, China
(2018) Natural Hazards Review, 19 (3), art. no. 05018005, Cited 34 times.
DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)NH.1527-6996.0000285
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85044983128&doi=10.1061%2F%28ASCE%29NH.1527-6996.0000285&partnerID=40&md5=9ac66ecc01017be97ac70cabb4ffbe53

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, Beijing, China; Department of Geotechnical Engineering, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, China; Anrong Construction Corporation, Chengdu, China; Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Department of Engineering, China Renewable Energy Engineering Institute, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: This study has reviewed the emergency action and drainage process of the Xiaogangjian, Xiaogangjian-lower, and Yibadao cascade landslide dams that were formed during the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China's southwest Sichuan Province. In order to minimize the hazards caused by the dam breach flood, mitigation works were carried out. Using underwater explosion and mechanical excavation, the dam heights of Xiaogangjian and Yibadao were lowered by 8 and 5 m, respectively. On June 12, the Xiaogangjian Dam was overtopped, followed by the failures of the two downstream dams, resulting in a flood with a peak discharge of 3,950 m3/s measured at the downstream Hanwang gauge station. This paper describes the geographic and geotechnical features, mainly obtained from the field survey and laboratory testing. The back analysis on the breach flood is based on the authors' work on Tangjiashan and Yigong barrier lakes. The results of this study show that the measured breach flood hydrograph can be reproduced using the currently available analytical methods if the input parameters related to the soil erosion and geotechnical properties are well determined based on experience and laboratory testing. The results of the analysis also show that the mitigation works of lowering the Xiaogangjian and Yibadao dam crest elevations effectively reduced the peak flow by nearly 20%. © 2018 American Society of Civil Engineers.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Back analysis; Cascade landslide dams breach; Emergency management; Soil erosion
INDEX KEYWORDS: Earthquakes; Erosion; Floods; Landslides; Risk management; Soil testing; Underwater explosions; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Back analysis; Emergency management; Emergency response; Geotechnical properties; Laboratory testing; Landslide dam; Soil erosion; Dams; action plan; back analysis; dam failure; drainage; earthquake trigger; field survey; landslide; mitigation; parameterization; peak discharge; slope failure; soil erosion; China; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Arulanandan, Kandiah, PORE AND ERODING FLUID INFLUENCES ON SURFACE EROSION ON SOIL, Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, ASCE, 101, 1, pp. 51-66, (1975); 
Wu, Weiming, Earthen embankment breaching, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 137, 12, pp. 1549-1564, (2011); 
Proc 28th IAHR Congress Technical Univ Graz Institute for Hydraulics and Hydrology, (1999); 
Briaud, Jean Louis, Erosion function apparatus for scour rate predictions, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering - ASCE, 127, 2, pp. 105-113, (2001); 
Cao, Zhixian, Even more destructive: Cascade dam break floods, Journal of Flood Risk Management, 7, 4, pp. 357-373, (2014); 
Cao, Zhixian, Flood hydraulics due to cascade landslide dam failure, Journal of Flood Risk Management, 4, 2, pp. 104-114, (2011); 
Chang, Dongsheng, Simulation of the erosion process of landslide dams due to overtopping considering variations in soil erodibility along depth, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 10, 4, pp. 933-946, (2010); 
Chen, Shengshui, Breach mechanism and numerical simulation for seepage failure of earth-rock dams, Science China Technological Sciences, 55, 6, pp. 1757-1764, (2012); 
Chen, Zuyu, Back analysis of the draining process of the Tangjiashan barrier lake, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 141, 4, (2015); 
Chen, Zuyu, Closure to "Back Analysis of the Draining Process of Tangjiashan Barrier Lake" by Zuyu Chen, Liqiu Ma, Shu Yu, Shujing Chen, Xingbo Zhou, Ping Sun, and Xu Li, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 142, 6, (2016)
PUBLISHER: American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) onlinejls@asce.org
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Song, Z.-C., Zhao, L.-H., Li, L., Zhang, Y., Tang, G.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Song, Zhichen (57193905427); Zhao, Lianheng (23098622300); Li, Liang (59164040600); Zhang, Yingbin Bin (57214256630); Tang, Gaopeng (55809671600)
57193905427; 23098622300; 59164040600; 57214256630; 55809671600
Distinct Element Modelling of a Landslide Triggered by the 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake: A Case Study
(2018) Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, 36 (4), pp. 2533 - 2551, Cited 14 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s10706-018-0481-3
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85042410562&doi=10.1007%2Fs10706-018-0481-3&partnerID=40&md5=d0f231ac3e8a02bd2937a9baa256b206

AFFILIATIONS: School of Civil Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of Engineering Structure of Heavy Haul Railway, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of Transportation Tunnel Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Department of Geotechnical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: The Donghekou landslide, which was triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, was estimated to have a volume of 24 million cubic meters and resulted in numerous properties and lives lost. The landslide is considered a typical rapid long run-out earthquake-induced event, but the kinematic processes are not well understood. The main objectives of this study were to numerically model the landslide progression and to reproduce the post-failure configuration. We first built a physical model of the slope based on the topography and geology of the source area from field investigations. The corrected baseline and filtered actual ground motions were then used as the volume force acting on the base block, and the kinematic process and mechanics of the throwing phenomenon were modelled using a 2-D discrete element code. We used the non-linear Barton–Bandis criterion to accurately simulate the behaviour of joints. The size effect of the enormous landslide was also considered. The results of the simulations agreed well with those obtained from post-earthquake field investigations. A sensitivity analysis of several related parameters that may control the dynamic movements of the Donghekou landslide was discussed in detail. The results show that: the seismic force and the residual friction angle were main factors that affect the run-out of landslides. © 2018, Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: 2-D discrete element code; Donghekou landslide; Kinematic processes; Rapid long run-out; The “ejection” phenomenon
INDEX KEYWORDS: Earthquakes; Kinematics; Sensitivity analysis; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Discrete element codes; Distinct element modelling; Dynamic movements; Field investigation; Long run outs; Residual friction; Wenchuan Earthquake; Landslides; computer simulation; discrete element method; ground motion; kinematics; landslide; seismic response; Sichuan earthquake 2008; two-dimensional modeling; China; Donghekou; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Bai, Shibiao, Susceptibility assessments of the Wenchuan earthquake-triggered landslides in Longnan using logistic regression, Environmental Earth Sciences, 71, 2, pp. 731-743, (2014); 
Bakun-Mazor, Dagan, Dynamic sliding of tetrahedral wedge: The role of interface friction, International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, 36, 3, pp. 327-343, (2012); 
Review of Predictive Capabilities of Jrcjcs Model in Engineering Practice, (1991); 
Barton, Nicholas R., The shear strength of rock joints in theory and practice, Rock Mechanics, 10, 1-2, pp. 1-54, (1977); 
Barton, Nick D., Engineering classification of rock masses for the design of tunnel support, Rock Mechanics, 6, 4, pp. 189-236, (1974); 
Chang, Kuo Jen, Analysis of landsliding by earthquake shaking using a block-on-slope thermo-mechanical model: Example of Jiufengershan landslide, central Taiwan, Engineering Geology, 80, 1-2, pp. 151-163, (2005); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2012); 
Chen, H. Joanna, Erosional effects on runout of fast landslides, debris flows and avalanches: A numerical investigation, Geotechnique, 56, 5, pp. 305-322, (2006); 
Crosta, Giovanni Battista, Numerical modelling of entrainment/deposition in rock and debris-avalanches, Engineering Geology, 109, 1-2, pp. 135-145, (2009); 
Crosta, Giovanni Battista, Numerical modeling of 2-D granular step collapse on erodible and nonerodible surface, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 114, 3, (2009)
PUBLISHER: Springer International Publishing
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Fan, X., Juang, C.H., Wa̧sowski, J., Huang, R., Xu, Q., Scaringi, G., Van Westen, C.J., Havenith, H.-B.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Fan, Xuanmei (12752112800); Juang, Charnghsein (7005618739); Wa̧sowski, Janusz (7003384266); Huang, Runqiu (55835407700); Xu, Qiang (56506033600); Scaringi, Gianvito (56335047900); Van Westen, Cees J. (6701664942); Havenith, Hans Balder (6602586631)
12752112800; 7005618739; 7003384266; 55835407700; 56506033600; 56335047900; 6701664942; 6602586631
What we have learned from the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake and its aftermath: A decade of research and challenges
(2018) Engineering Geology, 241, pp. 25 - 32, Cited 240 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2018.05.004
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85047076097&doi=10.1016%2Fj.enggeo.2018.05.004&partnerID=40&md5=37184147b7a04519e605816943a9651a

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Clemson University College of Engineering, Computing and Applied Sciences, Clemson, SC, United States; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, RM, Italy; Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation – ITC, Enschede, Overijssel, Netherlands; Université de Liège, Liege, WLG, Belgium
ABSTRACT: The 2008 M<inf>w</inf> 7.9 Wenchuan Earthquake (Sichuan, China) was possibly the largest and most destructive recent earthquake as far as the geo-hazards are concerned. Of the nearly 200,000 landslides triggered originally, many remobilized within a few years after the initial event by rainfall, which often caused catastrophic debris flows. The cascades of geo-hazards related to the Wenchuan Earthquake motivated research worldwide to investigate the triggering and mechanisms of co-seismic landslides, their rainfall-induced remobilization, the generation of debris flows, the evolution of their controlling factors, and the long-term role of earthquakes in shaping the topography. On the eve of the 10th anniversary of the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake, we present a short review of the recent advances in these topics, discuss the challenges faced in the earthquake-related geo-hazards mitigation practice, and suggest priorities and guidelines for future research. © 2018 Elsevier B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Co-seismic landslides; Geo-hazards; Landscape evolution; Landslide remobilization; Post-seismic debris flows; Wenchuan Earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Debris; Hazards; Landslides; Rain; Debris flows; Geo hazards; Landscape evolutions; Remobilization; Seismic landslides; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes; coseismic process; debris flow; earthquake trigger; landscape evolution; landslide; research; Sichuan earthquake 2008; topography; trigger mechanism; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Aleotti, Pietro, A warning system for rainfall-induced shallow failures, Engineering Geology, 73, 3-4, pp. 247-265, (2004); 
Allstadt, Kate E., Improving near-real-time coseismic landslide models: Lessons learned from the 2016 Kaikōura, New Zealand, earthquake, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 108, 3B, pp. 1649-1664, (2018); 
van Asch, Theodore W.J., Influence of landslide geometry and kinematic deformation to describe the liquefaction of landslides: Some theoretical considerations, Engineering Geology, 88, 1-2, pp. 59-69, (2006); 
van Asch, Theodore W.J., An integrated model to assess critical rainfall thresholds for run-out distances of debris flows, Natural Hazards, 70, 1, pp. 299-311, (2014); 
Bout, Bastian Van Den, Integration of two-phase solid fluid equations in a catchment model for flashfloods, debris flows and shallow slope failures, Environmental Modelling and Software, 105, pp. 1-16, (2018); 
Cascini, Leonardo, Typical source areas of May 1998 flow-like mass movements in the Campania region, Southern Italy, Engineering Geology, 96, 3-4, pp. 107-125, (2008); 
Cascini, Leonardo, SPH-FDM propagation and pore water pressure modelling for debris flows in flume tests, Engineering Geology, 213, pp. 74-83, (2016); 
Cerè, Giulia, Multi-objective consideration of earthquake resilience in the built environment: The case of Wenchuan earthquake, 2018-January, pp. 513-520, (2017); 
Chen, K. T., Simulating the failure process of the Xinmo landslide using discontinuous deformation analysis, Engineering Geology, 239, pp. 269-281, (2018); 
Chen, Hongxin, Evolution of debris flow properties and physical interactions in debris-flow mixtures in the Wenchuan earthquake zone, Engineering Geology, 182, PB, pp. 136-147, (2014)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GREEN FINAL OPEN ACCESS; GREEN OPEN ACCESS

Zhang, Y., Meng, X., Jordan, C., Novellino, A., Dijkstra, T., Chen, G.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhang, Yi (56997600500); Meng, Xingmin (56390560600); Jordan, Colm J. (7202985425); Novellino, Alessandro (6508188937); Dijkstra, Tom A. (7005102484); Chen, Guan (56468201400)
56997600500; 56390560600; 7202985425; 6508188937; 7005102484; 56468201400
Investigating slow-moving landslides in the Zhouqu region of China using InSAR time series
(2018) Landslides, 15 (7), pp. 1299 - 1315, Cited 162 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s10346-018-0954-8
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85045035596&doi=10.1007%2Fs10346-018-0954-8&partnerID=40&md5=5ae571960a1d5ed86dc731a25916b9d5

AFFILIATIONS: MOE Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China; Gansu Environmental Geology and Geohazards Engineering Research Centre, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China; British Geological Survey, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, United Kingdom; Department of Civil and Building Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
ABSTRACT: In the Zhouqu region (Gansu, China), landslide distribution and activity exploits geological weaknesses in the fault-controlled belt of low-grade metamorphic rocks of the Bailong valley and severely impacts lives and livelihoods in this region. Landslides reactivated by the Wenchuan 2008 earthquake and debris flows triggered by rainfall, such as the 2010 Zhouqu debris flow, have caused more than 1700 casualties and estimated economic losses of some US$0.4 billion. Earthflows presently cover some 79% of the total landslide area and have exerted a strong influence on landscape dynamics and evolution in this region. In this study, we use multi-temporal Advanced Land Observing Satellite and Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (ALOS PALSAR) data and time series interferometric synthetic aperture radar to investigate slow-moving landslides in a mountainous region with steep topography for the period December 2007–August 2010 using the Small Baseline Subsets (SBAS) technique. This enabled the identification of 11 active earthflows, 19 active landslides with deformation rates exceeding 100 mm/year and 20 new instabilities added into the pre-existing landslide inventory map. The activity of these earthflows and landslides exhibits seasonal variations and accelerated deformation following the Wenchuan earthquake. Time series analysis of the Suoertou earthflow reveals that seasonal velocity changes are characterized by comparatively rapid acceleration and gradual deceleration with distinct kinematic zones with different mean velocities, although velocity changes appear to occur synchronously along the landslide body over seasonal timescales. The observations suggest that the post-seismic effects (acceleration period) on landslide deformation last some 6–7 months. © 2018, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Deformation; Earthflow; InSAR; Landslide; Seismic effects; Zhouqu
INDEX KEYWORDS: Debris; Deformation; Earthquakes; Losses; Metamorphic rocks; Synthetic aperture radar; Time series analysis; Advanced land observing satellites; Earthflow; InSAR; Interferometric synthetic aperture radars; Low grade metamorphic rocks; Phased array type l-band synthetic aperture radars; Seismic effect; Zhouqu; Landslides; ALOS; debris flow; deformation mechanism; economic impact; hazard assessment; interferometry; inventory; landslide; livelihood; metamorphic rock; mountain region; PALSAR; satellite data; seismicity; Sichuan earthquake 2008; synthetic aperture radar; time series analysis; timescale; Bailong River; China; Gansu
REFERENCES: Agliardi, Federico, Giant non-catastrophic landslides and the long-term exhumation of the European Alps, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 365, pp. 263-274, (2013); 
Bai, Shibiao, Combined landslide susceptibility mapping after Wenchuan earthquake at the Zhouqu segment in the Bailongjiang Basin, China, Catena, 99, pp. 18-25, (2012); 
Bai, Shibiao, Pre-conditioning factors and susceptibility assessments of Wenchuan earthquake landslide at the Zhouqu segment of Bailongjiang basin, China, Journal of the Geological Society of India, 82, 5, pp. 575-582, (2013); 
Berardino, Paolo, A new algorithm for surface deformation monitoring based on small baseline differential SAR interferograms, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 40, 11, pp. 2375-2383, (2002); 
Open J Nat Sci, (2016); 
Bonì, Roberta, Methodology for detection and interpretation of ground motion areas with the A-DinSAR time series analysis, Remote Sensing, 8, 8, (2016); 
Landslides, (2017); 
J Geol Educ, (1985); 
Bürgmann, Roland, Synthetic aperture radar interferometry to measure earth's surface topography and its deformation, Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 28, pp. 169-209, (2000); 
Calvello, Michele, Combined use of statistical and DInSAR data analyses to define the state of activity of slow-moving landslides, Landslides, 14, 2, pp. 473-489, (2017)
PUBLISHER: Springer Verlag service@springer.de
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GREEN ACCEPTED OPEN ACCESS; GREEN OPEN ACCESS

Wang, D., Chen, Z., He, S., Liu, Y., Tang, H.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wang, Dongpo (56729383700); Chen, Zheng (57200655391); He, Siming (55978326000); Liu, Yang (59858066700); Tang, Hao (59280133800)
56729383700; 57200655391; 55978326000; 59858066700; 59280133800
Measuring and estimating the impact pressure of debris flows on bridge piers based on large-scale laboratory experiments
(2018) Landslides, 15 (7), pp. 1331 - 1345, Cited 81 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s10346-018-0944-x
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85042065526&doi=10.1007%2Fs10346-018-0944-x&partnerID=40&md5=f5b4af89f53ab9e6fedbe1e53b82b306

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; CAS Center for Excellence & Innovation in Tibetan Plateau Earth System Sciences, Shantou, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: After the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, mountainous areas in SW China are recognized as a region with highly active and perilous landslides and debris flows. The frequent impacts of debris flow are a major threat to bridge piers located in debris flow gullies. It is an important issue for guaranteeing the safety of railway bridges in areas prone to hazardous debris flows. Previous research has achieved significant results characterizing the initiation and mechanisms for debris flow, and their interactions with some structures. However, there has been little research on the dynamic pressure of debris flow on bridge pier caused by different debris flows. In this study, the measurement and estimation of the impact pressure and dynamic behavior of debris flows on scaled bridge piers were conducted. Nine pressure sensors were used to measure the impact pressure of debris flows. Flow velocities and flow depths were determined at the end of a flume using a high-speed camera. The results show that the impact pressure differed between different types of debris flows. The distribution of impact pressures from high-viscosity debris flows indicated three layers, with different features in individual event. In comparison, a layered structure was not observed in low-viscosity debris flows. Based on dimensional analyses, the impact pressure depended on Froude number (Fr) and Reynolds number (Re). For low-viscosity debris flows, the dimensionless impact pressures were power functions of Fr, while for high-viscosity debris flows, the dimensionless impact pressures were power functions of both Re and Fr. The impact frequencies of low-viscosity and high-viscosity debris flows showed considerable differences based on spectral analysis. Compared to high-viscosity debris flows, low-viscosity debris flows were characterized by relatively high velocity, strong striking pressure, and high impact frequency. © 2018, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Bridge pier; Debris flows; Impact pressure; Laboratory experiments
INDEX KEYWORDS: Bridge piers; Earthquakes; High speed cameras; Reynolds number; Spectrum analysis; Viscosity; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Debris flows; Dimensional analysis; Dynamic behaviors; Dynamic pressures; Impact pressures; Laboratory experiments; Layered Structures; Debris; comparative study; debris flow; estimation method; experimental study; Froude number; laboratory method; measurement method; mountain region; pier; safety; Sichuan earthquake 2008; China
REFERENCES: Recent Developments on Debris Flows, (1997); 
Bathe, Klaus JüRgen, Finite element analysis of fluid flows fully coupled with structural interactions, Computers and Structures, 72, 1, pp. 1-16, (1999); 
Bugnion, Louis, Measurements of hillslope debris flow impact pressure on obstacles, Landslides, 9, 2, pp. 179-187, (2012); 
Berger, Catherine, A novel method for measuring the timing of bed erosion during debris flows and floods, Water Resources Research, 46, 2, (2010); 
Choi, Clarence Edward, Flume investigation of landslide debris-resisting baffles, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 51, 5, pp. 540-553, (2014); 
Chiou, M. C., Influence of obstacles on rapid granular flows, Acta Mechanica, 175, 1-4, pp. 105-122, (2005); 
Costa, John E., Physical geomorphology of debris flows., pp. 268-317, (1984); 
Cui, Peng, Experimental analysis on the impact force of viscous debris flow, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 40, 12, pp. 1644-1655, (2015); 
He, Siming, Prediction of impact force of debris flows based on distribution and size of particles, Environmental Earth Sciences, 75, 4, pp. 1-8, (2016); 
Hákonardóttir, Kristín Martha, Flying avalanches, Geophysical Research Letters, 30, 23, (2003)
PUBLISHER: Springer Verlag service@springer.de
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Hu, W., Scaringi, G., Xu, Q., Huang, R.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Hu, Wei (42361224100); Scaringi, Gianvito (56335047900); Xu, Qiang (56506033600); Huang, Runqiu (55835407700)
42361224100; 56335047900; 56506033600; 55835407700
Internal Erosion Controls Failure and Runout of Loose Granular Deposits: Evidence From Flume Tests and Implications for Postseismic Slope Healing
(2018) Geophysical Research Letters, 45 (11), pp. 5518 - 5527, Cited 67 times.
DOI: 10.1029/2018GL078030
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85048951009&doi=10.1029%2F2018GL078030&partnerID=40&md5=8c2a72f18e915e8d56e9d11cdf03354c

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: Landslides in granular soils can be highly hazardous when exhibiting flow-like behavior. The extensive mass wasting associated with the 2008 M<inf>w</inf> = 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake (China) left several cubic kilometers of loose granular material deposited along steep slopes and in low-order channels. Rainfall-triggered remobilization of these deposits evolved often into catastrophic flow-like landslides. Ten years after the earthquake, most of the deposits are still in place but landslide rates have decreased significantly. Internal erosion-induced grain coarsening is one possible process producing this decrease. Through experiments on loose artificial slopes we demonstrate the major role of the internally erodible small grains in triggering failure and fluidization and producing grain coarsening. Under the same hydraulic boundary, if the erodible fraction is removed or reduced, the loose deposits remain stable or fail without fluidizing. Our results provide an experimental evidence to the patterns of sediment export and debris flows observed in nature after a strong earthquake. ©2018. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: coseismic landslide; failure precursors; flowslide; flume test; grain coarsening; internal erosion
INDEX KEYWORDS: Coarsening; Earthquakes; Erosion; Fluidization; Granular materials; Landslides; Experimental evidence; Flow slides; Grain coarsening; Granular deposits; Hydraulic boundaries; Internal erosion; Strong earthquakes; Wenchuan Earthquake; Deposits; catastrophic event; coseismic process; earthquake magnitude; erosion; failure mechanism; fluidization; flume experiment; grain size; landslide; mass wasting; remobilization; Sichuan earthquake 2008; slope failure; China
REFERENCES: Brain, Matthew J., The control of earthquake sequences on hillslope stability, Geophysical Research Letters, 44, 2, pp. 865-872, (2017); 
Chu, Jian, Effect of fines on instability behaviour of loose sand, Geotechnique, 52, 10, pp. 751-755, (2002); 
Dufresne, Anja, Process dependence of grain size distributions in rock avalanche deposits, Landslides, 14, 5, pp. 1555-1563, (2017); 
Eckersley, D., Instrumented laboratory flowslides, Geotechnique, 40, 3, pp. 489-502, (1990); 
Görüm, Tolga, Distribution pattern of earthquake-induced landslides triggered by the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Geomorphology, 133, 3-4, pp. 152-167, (2011); 
Hovius, Niels, Prolonged seismically induced erosion and the mass balance of a large earthquake, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 304, 3-4, pp. 347-355, (2011); 
Hu, Wei, Seismic precursor to instability induced by internal erosion in loose granular slopes, Geotechnique, 68, 11, pp. 989-1001, (2018); 
Hu, Wei, Sensitivity of the initiation and runout of flowslides in loose granular deposits to the content of small particles: An insight from flume tests, Engineering Geology, 231, pp. 34-44, (2017); 
Hu, Wei, Flume tests to study the initiation of huge debris flows after the Wenchuan earthquake in S-W China, Engineering Geology, 182, PB, pp. 121-129, (2014); 
Huang, Norden E., The empirical mode decomposition and the Hubert spectrum for nonlinear and non-stationary time series analysis, Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 454, 1971, pp. 903-995, (1998)
PUBLISHER: Blackwell Publishing Ltd
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; BRONZE OPEN ACCESS

Li, C., Wang, M., Liu, K., Xie, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Li, Congrong (56368110500); Wang, Ming (55732001400); Liu, Kai (56896481800); Xie, Jun (57193388488)
56368110500; 55732001400; 56896481800; 57193388488
Topographic changes and their driving factors after 2008 Wenchuan earthquake
(2018) Geomorphology, 311, pp. 27 - 36, Cited 21 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2018.03.019
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85044544561&doi=10.1016%2Fj.geomorph.2018.03.019&partnerID=40&md5=3f5f811e760070b8f7f5517f226b4af9

AFFILIATIONS: Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disaster, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: The 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake caused topographic change in the stricken areas because of the occurrence of numerous coseismic landslides. The emergence of new landslides and debris flows and movement of loose materials under the driving force of high rainfall could further shape the local topography. Currently, little attention has been paid to continuously monitoring and assessing topographic changes after the major earthquake. In this research, we obtained an elevation dataset (2002, 2010, 2013 and 2015) based on digital elevation model (DEM) data and a DEM extracted from ZY-3 stereo paired images with validation by field measurement. We quantitatively assessed elevation changes in different years and qualitatively analyzed spatiotemporal variation of the terrain and mass movement across the study area. The results show that the earthquake affected area experienced substantial elevation changes caused by seismic forces and subsequent rainfalls. High rainfall after the earthquake have become the biggest driver of elevation reduction, which overwhelmed elevation increase caused by the major earthquake. Increased post-earthquake erosion intensity has caused large amounts of loose materials to accumulate in river channels, and gullies and on upper-middle mountain slopes, which increases the risk of flooding and geo-hazards in the area. © 2017 Elsevier B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Earthquake; Mass movement; Rainfall; Topographic change
INDEX KEYWORDS: coseismic process; debris flow; digital elevation model; landslide; mass movement; rainfall; Sichuan earthquake 2008; terrain; topography
REFERENCES: Baltsavias, Emmanuel P., A comparison between photogrammetry and laser scanning, ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 54, 2-3, pp. 83-94, (1999); 
Benda, Lee E., Predicting deposition of debris flows in mountain channels, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 27, 4, pp. 409-417, (1990); 
Benda, Lee E., Stochastic forcing of sediment routing and storage in channel networks, Water Resources Research, 33, 12, pp. 2865-2880, (1997); 
Casson, Bérangère, Contribution of muli-temporal remote sensing images to characterize landslide slip surface - Application to the La Clapière landslide (France), Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 5, 3, pp. 425-437, (2005); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2008); 
Cui, Peng, The Wenchuan Earthquake (May 12, 2008), Sichuan Province, China, and resulting geohazards, Natural Hazards, 56, 1, pp. 19-36, (2011); 
Fratarcangeli, Francesca, Digital surface models from ZiYuan-3 triplet: performance evaluation and accuracy assessment, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 37, 15, pp. 3505-3531, (2016); 
Gabet, Emmanuel J., A stochastic sediment delivery model for a steep Mediterranean landscape, Water Resources Research, 39, 9, pp. ESG21-ESG212, (2003); 
Huang, Runqiu, Development and distribution of geohazards triggered by the 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake in China, Science in China, Series E: Technological Sciences, 52, 4, pp. 810-819, (2009); 
Dem Generation from Satellite Data, (2003)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Gao, Q., Fensheng, F., Shao, C.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Gao, Qing (58465068800); Fensheng, L. I. (57193687691); Shao, Chongjian (57188924181)
58465068800; 57193687691; 57188924181
The erosion driven by Wenchuan earthquake and its impact on the geomorphic evolution of Longmenshan, Sichuan, China
(2018) Journal of Chengdu University of Technology (Science and Technology Edition), 45 (3), pp. 386 - 392, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-9727.2018.03.14
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85050976653&doi=10.3969%2Fj.issn.1671-9727.2018.03.14&partnerID=40&md5=b3f2cf74c50469a4b786cae46e4e4a04

AFFILIATIONS: College of Earth Sciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: The erosion resulted from the Wenchuan earthquake and its impact on the geomorphic evolution of the Longmenshan Mountains is discussed. Based on the satellite image and field investigation and observation, the distribution characteristics of coseismic landslides are described in detail and the geomorphic evolution of Longmenshan is studied on the basis of analysis of elevation of terrain, topographic relief and rainfall feature. It is realized that the most important control factor of the erosion driven by Wenchuan earthquake is seismogenic faults, with topographic relief as a minor factor. It is considered that the Wenchuan earthquake-induced erosion will not reduce the elevation of Longmenshan, and the elevation of longmenshan can remain unchanged or even keep uplift owing to the upward displacement of the thrust fault belt. © 2018 Chengdu Institute of Technology. All rights reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Coseismic landslide; Erosion; Geomorphic evolution; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: coseismic process; displacement; erosion; fault; geomorphology; landslide; satellite imagery; Sichuan earthquake 2008; thrust fault; uplift; China; Longmen Mountains; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Liu, Jingshuang Jinglan, The Ms 8. 0 Wenchuan Earthquake co-seismic rupture and its tectonic implications - An out-of-sequence thrusting event with slip partitioned on multiple faults, Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition), 82, 12, pp. 1707-1722, (2008); 
Li, Haibing, Co-seisimic surface rupture and dextral-slip oblique thrusting of the Ms 8. 0 wenchuan earthquake, Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition), 82, 12, pp. 1623-1643, (2008); 
Li, Yong, Basic features and research progresses of Wenchuan Ms 8.0 earthquake, Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 41, 3, pp. 7-25, (2009); 
Journal of Geological Hazards and Environment Preservation, (2009); 
Science Technology Review, (2009); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2009); 
Huang, Runqiu, Mechanism and geomechanical modes of landslide hazards triggered by Wenchuan 8.0 earthquake, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 28, 6, pp. 1239-1249, (2009); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2010); 
Earthquake Research in Sichuan, (2011); 
Ding, Hairong, Study on sediment discharge increase caused by Wenchuan earthquake landslide and heavy rainfall in the upper reaches of the Min River, Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 46, 3, pp. 49-55, (2014)
PUBLISHER: Chengdu University of Technology
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Fu, F.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Fu, Fei (56008969300)
56008969300
Restoration of Ecological Infrastructure in Rural Areas after Earthquake - A Case Study from Dujiangyan, Sichuan Province
(2018) IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 153 (6), art. no. 062055, Cited 2 times.
DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/153/6/062055
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85050605314&doi=10.1088%2F1755-1315%2F153%2F6%2F062055&partnerID=40&md5=9221909c3fb6c9bf5c1aa60b538e5ef3

AFFILIATIONS: School of Architecture and Design, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: After Wenchuan and Lushan earthquake, the experience of Sichuan reconstruction planning is an important sample of agricultural village human settlements safety and regional ecological environment restoration. This paper combines the experience of the reconstruction of Dujiangyan after the Wenchuan earthquake - that is, the concept of sustainable ecological restoration as well as the concept of regional ecological restoration, and the post-disaster recovery study on Ya'an Zhougongshan Chengqing Temple and the surrounding environment after Lushan earthquake, trying to integrate into the process of post - disaster ecological restoration. Through a comprehensive assessment of the thinking on the regional scale issues and the impact of rural ecological infrastructure, we proposed macro-cognitive and multi-level measures of ecological restoration projects in order to provide effective methods to restore regional ecological environment and reconstruct sustainable human settlements in affected areas in the latest Jiuzhaigou earthquake. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.
INDEX KEYWORDS: Disasters; Earthquakes; Restoration; Rural areas; Sustainable development; Comprehensive assessment; Ecological environments; Ecological restoration; Human settlements; Post disasters; Sichuan province; Surrounding environment; Wenchuan Earthquake; Ecology
REFERENCES: Research on the Theory and Approach of Urban and Rural Spatial Eco Planning, (2005); 
Ecological Engineering an Introduction to Ecotechnology, (1989); 
Principles and Practice of Ecological Restoration, (2004); 
Ecological Restoration and Reconstruction Planning After Earthquake in Mianzhu Eb; 
Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University, (2012); 
Plan for Restoration and Reconstruction of Ecological Environment in Mianzhu After 5 12 Earthquake Eb, (2008); 
A Study of Ecologically Oriented Planning for River Landscape D, (2011)
PUBLISHER: Institute of Physics Publishing helen.craven@iop.org
CONFERENCE NAME: 2018 2nd International Workshop on Renewable Energy and Development, IWRED 2018
CONFERENCE DATE: 2018-04-20 through 2018-04-22
CONFERENCE LOCATION: Guilin
CONFERENCE CODE: 136890
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Yang, W., Qi, W., Jinxing, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Yang, Wentao (55499294400); Qi, Wenwen (55524261400); Jinxing, Zhou (57212669497)
55499294400; 55524261400; 57212669497
Decreased post-seismic landslides linked to vegetation recovery after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake
(2018) Ecological Indicators, 89, pp. 438 - 444, Cited 90 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2017.12.006
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85042285242&doi=10.1016%2Fj.ecolind.2017.12.006&partnerID=40&md5=22af45bfb7a4e075d18c91b81d70e02b

AFFILIATIONS: School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, Beijing, China; Beijing Twenty-First Century Science and Technology Development Co. Ltd, Beijing, China; Jianshui Research Station, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, Beijing, China; China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Major mountain earthquakes could have long-term impacts on post-seismic landslide activities. Yet, we have limited understanding of the duration of these impacts due to a lack of long-term consistent observation. This study combines multi-year high spatial resolution and high temporal resolution remote sensing images collected before and after the 12 May 2008 M<inf>W</inf> 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake to investigate post-seismic landslide changes and vegetation recovery processes at landslide sites in the epicentral area. We found that the earthquake caused significant vegetation damage by triggering co-seismic landslides. Since that time, vegetation at these landslide sites has been continuously recovering, and the total post-seismic landslide area is decreasing concurrently. Post-seismic vegetation recovery reflects and possibly promotes the decrease of post-seismic landslide activities. Our findings on post-seismic vegetation recovery at landslide sites indicate that the Wenchuan earthquake's impact on regional post-seismic landslide frequency may disappear within two decades after the major event. © 2017 Elsevier Ltd
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Co-seismic landslide sites; Post-seismic landslide changes; Vegetation recovery; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Geophysics; Landslides; Recovery; Remote sensing; Seismology; Vegetation; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; High spatial resolution; High temporal resolution; Remote sensing images; Seismic landslides; Vegetation damage; Vegetation recovery; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes
REFERENCES: Chen, Jin, A simple method for reconstructing a high-quality NDVI time-series data set based on the Savitzky-Golay filter, Remote Sensing of Environment, 91, 3-4, pp. 332-344, (2004); 
Introductory Time Series with R, (2009); 
Cui, Peng, Destruction of vegetation due to geo-hazards and its environmental impacts in the Wenchuan earthquake areas, Ecological Engineering, 44, pp. 61-69, (2012); 
Görüm, Tolga, Distribution pattern of earthquake-induced landslides triggered by the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Geomorphology, 133, 3-4, pp. 152-167, (2011); 
Guariguata, Manuel R., Landslide disturbance and forest regeneration in the Upper Luquillo Mountains of Puerto Rico, Journal of Ecology, 78, 3, pp. 814-832, (1990); 
Guo, Xiaojun, Intensity-duration threshold of rainfall-triggered debris flows in the Wenchuan Earthquake affected area, China, Geomorphology, 253, pp. 208-216, (2016); 
An Introduction to Physical Geography and the Environment, (2005); 
Hovius, Niels, Prolonged seismically induced erosion and the mass balance of a large earthquake, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 304, 3-4, pp. 347-355, (2011); 
Huang, Runqiu, The landslide story, Nature Geoscience, 6, 5, pp. 325-326, (2013); 
Huang, Runqiu, Analysis of the geo-hazards triggered by the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake, China, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 68, 3, pp. 363-371, (2009)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Yang, G., Zhou, W., Fang, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Yang, Genyun (57209799557); Zhou, Wei (55443778400); Fang, Jiaoyong (57209799025)
57209799557; 55443778400; 57209799025
Assessment of landslide Susceptibility Based on Information Quantity Model and Data Normalization 基于信息量模型和数据标准化的滑坡易发性评价
(2018) Journal of Geo-Information Science, 20 (5), pp. 674 - 683, Cited 18 times.
DOI: 10.12082/dqxxkx.2018.170535
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85106321360&doi=10.12082%2Fdqxxkx.2018.170535&partnerID=40&md5=31b6d1b5a11bb24330a855e4cff43022

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: This paper used an information quantity model and four normalized models to assess earthquakeinduced shallow landslide susceptibility in a geographic information system environment. Four normalized models are Min-Max normalization, the zero-mean normalization, the logarithmic logistic normalization and the arc-tangent function normalization. The approach was applied to the Qushan-Leigu area in the Beichuan County, Sichuan Province, where many co-seismic landslides were triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake in May 2008. Seven impact factors, the slope angle, slope aspect, geology, elevation, distance to faults, distance to rivers and distance to roads, were selected as the most important conditioning factors. To assess the shallow landslide susceptibility, a spatial database of conditioning factors and a landslide inventory map were compiled in ArcGIS using data from a topographic map, a geological map and Spot-5 imageries. The information quantity values of the conditioning factors were computed and normalized based on four normalized models. The weighted values of assessment factors were determined using the analytic hierarchy process. Five landslide susceptibility maps were developed. The performance was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The values of the area under the curve (AUC) for four normalized models and the information quantity model are 0.807, 0.672, 0.592, 0.615 and 0.684, respectively. A comparison of the results of the landslide susceptibility assessment and the landslide inventory indicates that the Min- Max normalization had the highest predictive performance (AUC=0.807). The landslide susceptibility index values were reclassified into five susceptibility classes using the Natural Breaks approach, namely very high, high, medium, low and very low susceptibility. The results show that the very high susceptibility zone obtained using the Min-Max normalization covers about 20% of the study area. Landslides distributed in the very high susceptibility zone are close to faults and rivers. The final landslide susceptibility map has the potential to the regional landslide risk assessment and geohazard mitigation. © 2018, Science Press. All right reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Geographic information system (GIS); Information quantity model; Landslide; Normalization; Susceptibility assessment
REFERENCES: Earth Science Frontiers, (2001); 
Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control, (2017); 
Keefer, David K., LANDSLIDES CAUSED BY EARTHQUAKES., Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 95, 4, pp. 406-421, (1984); 
Keefer, David K., The importance of earthquake-induced landslides to long-term slope erosion and slope-failure hazards in seismically active regions, Geomorphology, 10, 1-4, pp. 265-284, (1994); 
Chen, Xiaoli, Fuzzy comprehensive study on seismic landslide hazard based on GIS, Beijing Daxue Xuebao (Ziran Kexue Ban)/Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis, 44, 3, pp. 434-438, (2008); 
Wang, Jiajia, Landslide susceptibility assessment based on GIS and weighted information value: A case study of Wanzhou district, Three Gorges Reservoir, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 33, 4, pp. 797-808, (2014); 
Regmi, Netra Raj, A comparison of logistic regression-based models of susceptibility to landslides in western Colorado, USA, Landslides, 11, 2, pp. 247-262, (2014); 
Science Technology and Engineering, (2016); 
Shahabi, Himan, Remote sensing and GIS-based landslide susceptibility mapping using frequency ratio, logistic regression, and fuzzy logic methods at the central Zab basin, Iran, Environmental Earth Sciences, 73, 12, pp. 8647-8668, (2015); 
Wen, Haijia, A comparative study on the susceptibility mapping of earthquake triggered landslide by neural network and logistic regression model, Wenchuan County, Tumu Gongcheng Xuebao/China Civil Engineering Journal, 47, pp. 17-23, (2014)
PUBLISHER: Science Press
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Stamatopoulos, C.A., Xiong, K., Di, B.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Stamatopoulos, Constantine A. (8714208800); Xiong, Ke (57203548605); Di, Baofeng (14057800700)
8714208800; 57203548605; 14057800700
Application and Validation of a Multi-block Constitutive Model at Landslides of the Wenchuan Earthquake
(2018) Gongcheng Kexue Yu Jishu/Advanced Engineering Sciences, 50 (3), pp. 33 - 45, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.15961/j.jsuese.201800420
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85052243606&doi=10.15961%2Fj.jsuese.201800420&partnerID=40&md5=e1739d0f29cfa61f02f001e9f2029999

AFFILIATIONS: Stamatopoulos and Associates Co., Athens, Greece; Hellenic Open University, Patra, Achaia, Greece; Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; College of Architecture & Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: A multi-block model and a corresponding computer program have been developed which predict the kinematics of landslides. Furthermore, a unique event for studying different models simulating the triggering and movement of landslides is the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in the mountainous region in Sichuan Province of China, which caused a large number of rapid landslides. The purpose of the paper is two-fold: (a) to propose and incorporate into the multi-block model constitutive relations predicting soil response along slip surfaces, and (b) to apply the multi-block model with the constitutive relations at landslides triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake. The proposed constitutive equations predict the shape of the shear stress-displacement response measured in ring shear tests. In the application, four landslides caused by the Wenchuan earthquake were considered. Only in one of these landslides the shear resistance-displacement response along the slip surface has been measured in laboratory tests. At this landslide, the triggering and movement of the landslide was predicted. In the other landslides, back analyses were performed and it was observed that the multi-block model predicted reasonably well the final configuration of all slides. In addition, as the measured and back-estimated total friction angle of all landslides was less than 18°, and the materials along the slip surface were sandy, it is inferred that some, or all of the slip surface during these slides was sheared in an undrained manner and excess pore pressures generated during sliding played a key role in the triggering and movement of these landslides. Concluding, the paper (A) proposed and validated a multi-block constitutive model which can be applied to predict the triggering and movement of earthquake-induced slides and (B) by analyzing four landslides of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, it concludes that some, or all of the slip surface during these slides, was sheared in an undrained manner and excess pore pressures generated during sliding played a key role in the triggering and movement of these landslides. © 2018, Editorial Department of Advanced Engineering Sciences. All right reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Back analysis; Landslides; Multi-block model; Seismic displacement; Strain softening; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Constitutive equations; Constitutive models; Earthquakes; Forecasting; Pore pressure; Shear stress; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Back-analysis; Block modeling; Constitutive relations; Multi-block model; Multiblocks; Seismic displacement; Slip surfaces; Strain-softening; Wenchuan Earthquake; Landslides
REFERENCES: Di, Baofeng, GIS-based risk analysis of debris flow: an application in Sichuan, southwest China, International Journal of Sediment Research, 23, 2, pp. 138-148, (2008); 
Di, Baofeng, Quantifying the spatial distribution of soil mass wasting processes after the 2008 earthquake in Wenchuan, China. A case study of the Longmenshan area, Remote Sensing of Environment, 114, 4, pp. 761-771, (2010); 
Di, Baofeng, A method predicting the earthquake-induced landslide risk by back analyses of past landslides and its application in the region of the Wenchuan 12/5/2008 earthquake, Natural Hazards, 85, 2, pp. 903-927, (2017); 
Sun, Ping, An experimental study on the mechanism of rapid and long run-out landslide triggered by Wenchuan earthquake, Dizhen Dizhi, 32, 1, pp. 98-106, (2010); 
Newmark, Nathan M., Effects of earthquakes on dams and embankments, Geotechnique, 15, 2, pp. 139-160, (1965); 
Ambraseys, Nicholas N., Earthquake‐induced ground displacements, Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 16, 7, pp. 985-1006, (1988); 
Stamatopoulos, Constantine A., Sliding system predicting large permanent co-seismic movements of slopes, Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 25, 10, pp. 1075-1093, (1996); 
Predictive Soil Mechanics, (1993); 
Nakamura, Susumu, Earthquake-induced landslides: Distribution, motion and mechanisms, Soils and Foundations, 54, 4, pp. 544-559, (2014); 
Wang, Gonghui, Experimental study on the shearing behavior of saturated silty soils based on ring-shear tests, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering - ASCE, 133, 3, pp. 319-333, (2007)
PUBLISHER: Sichuan University
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Ju, N., Li, L., Huang, R.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Ju, Nengpan (8377755300); Li, Longqi (51663939600); Huang, Runqiu (55835407700)
8377755300; 51663939600; 55835407700
Dynamic Failure Mechanism Study of Steep Bedding Rock Slopes 陡倾顺层斜坡动力失稳机理分析
(2018) Gongcheng Kexue Yu Jishu/Advanced Engineering Sciences, 50 (3), pp. 54 - 63, Cited 6 times.
DOI: 10.15961/j.jsuese.201800343
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85052218343&doi=10.15961%2Fj.jsuese.201800343&partnerID=40&md5=d05f91519cbb2158bf868dee23fa8d63

AFFILIATIONS: Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: In order to reveal the relationship between failure modes and slope structures, the field investigation aftershock in Wenchuan area was conducted, especially for the dynamic instability of steep slopes. This study takes two typical slope failure sites, namely, Dazhuping landslide at Gaochuan county and Ganmofang landslide at an county in Sichuan province as the example, by considering the landslide related engineering geological condition and dynamic deformation characteristic, a three-dimensional discrete element numerical simulation on instability mechanism of the two slopes was conducted. The results showed that the mode of hard rock steep bedding slope destruction was a slippage type, while the failure of interbedded steep bedding slope was by a sliding bending. Under the same earthquake, PGA amplification coefficient and the slope height was positively correlated, and PGA amplification coefficient turned a first increasing and then decreasing phenomenon with the increase of elevation. The PGA amplification coefficient of steep bedding hard rock slope was smaller than that of steep bedding interbed slopes. While the amplification coefficient in hard rock slope PGA ranges from 2 to 3, the maximum was in 3/4 of slope surface. The PGA amplification coefficient of interbedded slope ranges from 2.5 to 4.0, with the maximum value located at the top of the slope. In addition, the damage mechanism of hard rock bedding slope could be divided into four stages: the first stage was a slip partly through the locking section; the second stage was shock relaxation; the third stage was the ejection phase; and the fourth stage was a overall instability. For the interbed slope, the first stage was a layer dislocation, the second stage was local lower ejection, the third stage was a continuous crack spreading in the high location, and the fourth stage was a bottom bending failure. The research results can provide technical support for the instability evaluation and mechanism analysis of high steep bedding rock slope in Southwest China. © 2018, Editorial Department of Advanced Engineering Sciences. All right reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Dynamic response; High steep bedding hard rock slope; Instability mechanism; Three-dimensional discrete element; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Dynamics; Earthquakes; Failure (mechanical); Locks (fasteners); Rocks; Amplification coefficient; Bedding rock slope; Bedding slope; Discrete elements; Hard rocks; High steep bedding hard rock slope; Instability mechanisms; Rock slope; Three-dimensional discrete element; Wenchuan Earthquake; Landslides
REFERENCES: undefined; 
Li, Longqi, Model tests of rainfall infiltration effect on bedding rock slope with weak interlayer, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 32, 9, pp. 1772-1778, (2013); 
Li, Xianglong, Centrifuge modelling tests on dynamic failure of bedding rock slopes, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 33, 4, pp. 729-736, (2014); 
Li, Xianglong, Effect of bedding plane parameters on dynamic failure process of sliding rock slopes, Yantu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 36, 3, pp. 466-473, (2014); 
Huang, Runqiu, Mechanism and geomechanical modes of landslide hazards triggered by Wenchuan 8.0 earthquake, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 28, 6, pp. 1239-1249, (2009); 
Huang, Runqiu, Shaking table test on strong earthquake response of stratified rock slopes, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 32, 5, pp. 865-875, (2013); 
Xu, Guangxing, Large-scale shaking table model test study on dynamic characteristics and dynamic responses of slope, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 27, 3, pp. 624-632, (2008); 
Science in China Series E, (2003); 
Qi, Shengwen, Evaluation of the permanent displacement of rock mass slope considering deterioration of slide surface during earthquake, Yantu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 29, 3, pp. 452-457, (2007); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2014)
PUBLISHER: Sichuan University
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Xie, H., Xu, W., Liu, C., Yang, X., Xie, H., Nie, R., Zhou, J., An, R., Tian, Z., Xiao, M.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Xie, Heping (57202217427); Xu, Weilin (56739513600); Liu, Chao (57444861000); Yang, Xingguo (35742406600); Xie, Hongqiang (57218665823); Nie, Ruihua (15822189300); Zhou, Jia-wen (14064231100); An, Ruidong (16686444200); Tian, Zhong (13613378800); Xiao, Mingli (26421523000)
57202217427; 56739513600; 57444861000; 35742406600; 57218665823; 15822189300; 14064231100; 16686444200; 13613378800; 26421523000
Water Disasters and Their Countermeasures in Mountains 山区河流水灾害问题及应对
(2018) Gongcheng Kexue Yu Jishu/Advanced Engineering Sciences, 50 (3), pp. 1 - 14, Cited 16 times.
DOI: 10.15961/j.jsuese.201800345
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85052217272&doi=10.15961%2Fj.jsuese.201800345&partnerID=40&md5=699f5020eb5d190fd9505c7b9b250661

AFFILIATIONS: Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Big natural disasters worldwide are deeply affecting survival and development of humankind. How to effectively deal with various types of natural disasters is particularly important. After the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, public awareness about disasters in China has increased considerably and people's understanding of disasters has been greatly improved. That " People on the Earth must have disaster awareness and disaster education" has already become the common sense. Owing to its particular regional geological structure, topographic conditions, hydro-meteorology and other factors, the Western China is a region with frequent water-related disasters. Prevention of and reduction in water disasters have been important for overall development of the region and the country. As a high-level research national university in West China, building on the wisdom of water management of the historical Dujiangyan project, Sichuan University has made many innovations. Through engineering and research projects, such as flood discharge and flood control of high dams, structural safety of high dam projects, prevention of mountain torrents,sediment disasters,and landslides, and ecological environmental protection in river basins, Sichuan University has made a series of important achievements. They include: 1) development of meso-scale experiments and simulation techniques to reveal the meso-mechanism of complex water flow phenomena of high dam hydraulics, to establish more reliable criteria and calculation methods, to form a systematic meso-mechanical system, and to innovatively propose multi-level flood discharge mechanism and techniques; 2) new technology of geomechanical model destruction simulation and comprehensive test, which can reveal the overall structural safety response mechanism of high dam engineering, and establishment of a high dam-foundation-reservoir safety evaluation system capable of accurately reflecting the influence of complex geological environments and excessive floods; 3) revealing the " little water with big disaster" mechanism under joint action of mountain floods and sedimentation, and development of the " reduction of scale control and prevention" technology for extreme flood and sediment disasters that can make the uncertainty of the disasters caused by floods and sediments to a preventable scale; 4) introduction of new equipment and technologies such as the three-dimensional laser scanners for landslide deformation monitoring and expansion from " points, lines, and surfaces" to three-dimensional space as a whole, which improves the level of disaster monitoring and early warning of water-powered landslides and disaster emergency response capabilities; 5) a categorized emergency and comprehensive treatment technology for landslide-barrier lakes suitable to various material composition and structural characteristics of landslides and dams; 6) a complete set of methods for ecological water requirement allocation and prediction of water temperature for fish and cascade reservoirs, low-temperature water control, and prediction and regulation of over-saturated total dissolved gas of high dams aiming at characteristics of geography, ecology and environment in southwest region, which has expanded research on ecological and environmental protection from the local engineering and single water environment areas to the overall system of mountain river basins and formed an integrated scientific and technological system that intersects multiple disciplines. At last, aiming at characteristics of water disasters in mountainous rivers in Western China and the general needs for national disaster prevention, mitigation and relief, this paper proposes a series of scientific and technological questions for future research, which will facilitate development of research work in related disciplines for disaster prevention and reduction in the future. The issues include impacts of global climate change on water disasters, coupled disaster environments and regional evolution laws, dynamic processes and catastrophes of water disasters, habitat-biological interaction mechanisms of mutant rivers, ecological evolution mechanism of catastrophic rivers, water disaster risk theory, water disaster monitoring and early warning, collaborative management of water and disaster basins, basic large databases and cloud platforms, and others. © 2018, Editorial Department of Advanced Engineering Sciences. All right reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Disaster prevention and mitigation; Ecological environment protection in river basins; Flood discharge and control safety; Mountain floods and sediment disasters; Mountain rivers; Structural safety of high dam projects; Water disasters
INDEX KEYWORDS: Dams; Deformation; Disaster prevention; Ecology; Flood control; Floods; Flow of water; Geology; Hydraulics; Hydroelectric power plants; Landforms; Landslides; Reservoirs (water); Rivers; Sediments; Shore protection; Water management; Watersheds; Dam projects; Disaster prevention and mitigations; Ecological environment protection in river basin; Ecological environment protections; Flood disaster; Flood discharge; Flood discharge and control safety; High dams; Mountain flood and sediment disaster; Mountain floods; Mountain rivers; River basins; Sediment disaster; Structural safety; Structural safety of high dam project; Water disasters; Disasters
REFERENCES: Wise Find Pleasure in Water Wisdom in Water Control and Disaster Response, (2017); 
undefined, (2016); 
undefined; 
undefined; 
undefined; 
undefined; 
Cao, Shuyou, Dujiangyan Irrigation System - a world cultural heritage corresponding to concepts of modern hydraulic science, Journal of Hydro-Environment Research, 4, 1, pp. 3-13, (2010); 
Proceedings of the International Symposium, (1988); 
Cao, Shuyou, Random characteristics of sediment-Laden flows and the techniques of effective sediment exclusion on Dujiangyan irrigation project in China, pp. 409-416, (1988); 
Xie, Shengzong, New technology and innovation on flood discharge and energy dissipation of high dams in China, Shuili Xuebao/Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 47, 3, pp. 324-336, (2016)
PUBLISHER: Sichuan University
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Chen, K.-T., Wu, J.-H.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Chen, K. T. (16023958300); Wu, Jian Hong (55636549100)
16023958300; 55636549100
Simulating the failure process of the Xinmo landslide using discontinuous deformation analysis
(2018) Engineering Geology, 239, pp. 269 - 281, Cited 132 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2018.04.002
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85045103929&doi=10.1016%2Fj.enggeo.2018.04.002&partnerID=40&md5=8ab243e5f43bc2e8876014e23bd3e3d2

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Department of Civil Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
ABSTRACT: The Xinmo landslide slope in Sichuan, China, was stable during the intensive Wenchuan Earthquake in 2008 but failed on June 24, 2017. Landslide debris buried Xinmo Village and blocked the Songpinggou River at the slope toe. This study aims to clarify the post-failure behavior of the landslide using two-dimensional discontinuous deformation analysis (2D DDA). The simulation results provide comprehensive information on the initiation and the evolution of the landslide. The failure process determined by the DDA correlates well with the seismic signal analysis results. In addition, the location of the calculated rock deposit is similar to that shown by the topographic map after the landslide. The maximum rock velocity in the landslide is 65.4 m/s. Therefore, the impacts of the high-velocity blocks and the buildings in Xinmo Village must be considered to simulate the burial of Xinmo Village by rocks and the transport of additional rocks across the Songpinggou River. This Xinmo landslide study demonstrates that the DDA accurately simulates the post-failure behavior and determines the impact area of a landslide with complicated failure processes and topography. © 2018 Elsevier B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Discontinuity; Discrete element method; Impact area; Numerical simulation; Xinmo landslide
INDEX KEYWORDS: Computer simulation; Deformation; Earthquakes; Finite difference method; Maps; Numerical methods; Rocks; Rural areas; Comprehensive information; Discontinuity; Discontinuous deformation analysis; Failure behaviors; Impact area; Seismic-signal analysis; Topographic map; Wenchuan Earthquake; Landslides; deformation; discrete element method; failure analysis; impact; landslide; rock mechanics; Sichuan earthquake 2008; slope failure; China; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Proc of 8th International Conference on Analysis of Discontinuous Deformation Analysis Icadd8, (2007); 
Seismo Geol, (2008); 
Assefa, Siraj Mulugeta, A slope movement in a complex rock formation: Deformation measurements and DEM modelling, Engineering Geology, 219, pp. 74-91, (2017); 
Casagli, Nicola, Landslide mapping and monitoring by using radar and optical remote sensing: Examples from the EC-FP7 project SAFER, Remote Sensing Applications: Society and Environment, 4, pp. 92-108, (2016); 
Chen, Tienchien, Landslide seismic signal recognition and mobility for an earthquake-induced rockslide in Tsaoling, Taiwan, Engineering Geology, 171, pp. 31-44, (2014); 
Cuhk Iseis Analyzes 6 24 Landslide in Maoxian Sichuan Province with Satellite Images, (2017); 
Geotechnical Hazards from Large Earthquakes and Heavy Rainfalls, (2017); 
Fan, Jianrong, Geometrical feature analysis and disaster assessment of the Xinmo landslide based on remote sensing data, Journal of Mountain Science, 14, 9, pp. 1677-1688, (2017); 
Fan, Xuanmei, Failure mechanism and kinematics of the deadly June 24th 2017 Xinmo landslide, Maoxian, Sichuan, China, Landslides, 14, 6, pp. 2129-2146, (2017); 
Mountain Research, (2017)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Pan, H.-L., Jiang, Y.-J., Wang, J., Ou, G.-Q.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Pan, Huali (23493786200); Jiang, Yuanjun (55838169900); Wang, Jun (57214696475); Ou, Guoqiang (8891006800)
23493786200; 55838169900; 57214696475; 8891006800
Rainfall threshold calculation for debris flow early warning in areas with scarcity of data
(2018) Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 18 (5), pp. 1395 - 1409, Cited 38 times.
DOI: 10.5194/nhess-18-1395-2018
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85047261358&doi=10.5194%2Fnhess-18-1395-2018&partnerID=40&md5=2b942037c30a44263e8dfa75b9a2c674

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Guangzhou Institute of Geography, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
ABSTRACT: Debris flows are natural disasters that frequently occur in mountainous areas, usually accompanied by serious loss of lives and properties. One of the most commonly used approaches to mitigate the risk associated with debris flows is the implementation of early warning systems based on well-calibrated rainfall thresholds. However, many mountainous areas have little data regarding rainfall and hazards, specially in debris-flow-forming regions. Therefore, the traditional statistical analysis method that determines the empirical relationship between rainstorms and debris flow events cannot be effectively used to calculate reliable rainfall thresholds in these areas. After the severe Wenchuan earthquake, there were plenty of deposits deposited in the gullies, which esulted in several debris flow events. The triggering rainfall threshold has decreased obviously. To get a reliable and accurate rainfall threshold and improve the accuracy of debris flow early warning, this paper developed a quantitative method, which is suitable for debris flow triggering mechanisms in meizoseismal areas, to identify rainfall threshold for debris flow early warning in areas with a scarcity of data based on the initiation mechanism of hydraulic-driven debris flow. First, we studied the characteristics of the study area, including meteorology, hydrology, topography and physical characteristics of the loose solid materials. Then, the rainfall threshold was calculated by the initiation mechanism of the hydraulic debris flow. The comparison with other models and ith alternate configurations demonstrates that the proposed rainfall threshold curve is a function of the antecedent precipitation index (API) and 1 h rainfall. To test the proposed method, we selected the Guojuanyan gully, a typical debris flow valley that during the 2008-2013 period experienced several debris flow events, located in the meizoseismal areas of theWenchuan earthquake, as a case study. The comparison with other threshold models and configurations shows that the selected approach is the most promising starting point for further studies on debris flow early warning systems in areas with a scarcity of data. © Author(s) 2018.
INDEX KEYWORDS: debris flow; early warning system; precipitation (climatology); rainfall; rainstorm
REFERENCES: Althuwaynee, Omar F., Estimation of rainfall threshold and its use in landslide hazard mapping of Kuala Lumpur metropolitan and surrounding areas, Landslides, 12, 5, pp. 861-875, (2015); 
Armanini, Aronne, Rheological stratification in experimental free-surface flows of granular-liquid mixtures, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 532, pp. 269-319, (2005); 
Bai, Liping, Analysis of the critical rainfall thresholds for mudflow in Beijing, Geological Bulletin of China, 27, 5, pp. 674-680, (2008); 
Baum, Rex L., Early warning of rainfall-induced shallow landslides and debris flows in the USA, Landslides, 7, 3, pp. 259-272, (2010); 
Bogaard, T. A., Invited perspectives: Hydrological perspectives on precipitation intensity-duration thresholds for landslide initiation: Proposing hydro-meteorological thresholds, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 18, 1, pp. 31-39, (2018); 
Caine, Nel, The rainfall intensity-duration control of shallow landslides and debris flows., Geografiska Annaler, Series A: Physical Geography, 62, 1-2, pp. 23-27, (1980); 
Eng Geol, (1975); 
Nat Hazards Earth Syst Sci Discuss, (2017); 
Cannon, Susan H., Storm rainfall conditions for floods and debris flows from recently burned areas in southwestern Colorado and southern California, Geomorphology, 96, 3-4, pp. 250-269, (2008); 
Cao, Zhixian, Computational Dam-Break Hydraulics over Erodible Sediment Bed, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 130, 7, pp. 689-703, (2004)
PUBLISHER: Copernicus GmbH info@copernicus.org
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS; GREEN ACCEPTED OPEN ACCESS; GREEN OPEN ACCESS

Chen, N., Li, J., Liu, L.-H., Yang, C., Liu, M.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Chen, Ningsheng (8726157200); Li, Jun (56671441200); Liu, Lihong (55885301200); Yang, Chenglin (55646442300); Liu, Mei (57193571270)
8726157200; 56671441200; 55885301200; 55646442300; 57193571270
Post-earthquake denudation and its impacts on ancient civilizations in the Chengdu Longmenshan region, China
(2018) Geomorphology, 309, pp. 51 - 59, Cited 9 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2018.02.007
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85042777351&doi=10.1016%2Fj.geomorph.2018.02.007&partnerID=40&md5=1b147f5a2cad1e0d742d6a9ef6c9f631

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; School of Civil Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong, Sichuan, China; RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: This study characterizes significant changes in denudation and disasters in mountainous areas induced in the humid Chengdu Longmenshan region by the Wenchuan Earthquake in 2008. A study focusing on the Longxi-Baisha River Basin was conducted to investigate the amount of denudation triggered by specific flash flood and debris flow events in 2009–2014. The following results were obtained through a comparison of pre-seismic regional denudation rates and denudation characteristics of other seismically active mountain regions. (1) Regional denudation processes occurred in a wave-like process of initial increase then decline, with a peak exhibiting a hyperbolic attenuation trend. This trend indicates that the denudation rate in the Chengdu Longmenshan region is expected to return to the pre-seismic rate of 0.3 mm a−1 after 81 years. In 22 years after the earthquake (Year 2030), debris flow disasters are expected to be rare. (2) Disasters increased significantly in the Chengdu Longmenshan region after the Wenchuan earthquake, with an average of 29.5 people missing or dead per year (22 times greater than the pre-earthquake rate) and average economic losses of 192 million Yuan per year (1.6 times greater than the pre-earthquake rate). (3) The denudation process was jointly controlled by the quantities of loose solid material and precipitation after the Wenchuan earthquake. The amount of loose solid material influenced the extent of denudation, while vegetation coverage rates and soil consolidation determined the overall denudation trend in the region, and changes in precipitation led to denudation fluctuations. (4) The results can be used to analyze the relationship between the potential flash flood-debris flow disasters after earthquakes in the ancient Shu kingdom and changes in historical social settlements. The results can also be used to predict denudation processes and disaster risks from earthquakes in humid mountainous regions around the world, such as the southern slope of the Himalayas, Japan and the Taiwan mountains. © 2017 Elsevier B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flow; Denudation; Flash flood; Humid mountainous regions; Migration
INDEX KEYWORDS: civilization; debris flow; denudation; flash flood; humid environment; mountain region; precipitation (climatology); Sichuan earthquake 2008; China
REFERENCES: Barrera, Antonio, Estimation of extreme flash flood evolution in Barcelona County from 1351 to 2005, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 6, 4, pp. 505-518, (2006); 
Cao, Shuyou, Dujiangyan Irrigation System - a world cultural heritage corresponding to concepts of modern hydraulic science, Journal of Hydro-Environment Research, 4, 1, pp. 3-13, (2010); 
Study of Ancient Capital of China, (2002); 
Chen, Ningsheng, Impact of earthquake on debris flows - A case study on the wenchuan earthquake, Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami, 5, 5, pp. 493-508, (2011); 
Chen, N. Sh, A new total volume model of debris flows with intermittent surges: Based on the observations at Jiangjia Valley, southwest China, Natural Hazards, 56, 1, pp. 37-57, (2011); 
Chen, Ningsheng, Combined impacts of antecedent earthquakes and droughts on disastrous debris flows, Journal of Mountain Science, 11, 6, pp. 1507-1520, (2014); 
Chen, Xiaoqing, Engineering measures for debris flow hazard mitigation in the Wenchuan earthquake area, Engineering Geology, 194, pp. 73-85, (2015); 
Chen, Ningsheng, Effects of human activity on erosion, sedimentation and debris flow activity – A case study of the Qionghai Lake watershed, southeastern Tibetan Plateau, China, Holocene, 25, 6, pp. 973-988, (2015); 
Fan, Jianrong, Empirical-statistical models based on remote sensing for estimating the volume of landslides induced by the Wenchuan earthquake, Journal of Mountain Science, 8, 5, pp. 711-717, (2011); 
Gabet, Emmanuel J., Modern erosion rates in the High Himalayas of Nepal, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 267, 3-4, pp. 482-494, (2008)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wang, W., Liu-Zeng, J., Godard, V., Zhang, J., Xu, C., Li, Z., Xu, X., Xu, Q., Wang, P., Xie, K.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wang, Wei (57784674200); Liu-Zeng, Jing (55994333900); Godard, Vincent (8315760100); Zhang, Jinyu (57188731331); Xu, Chong (35184309900); Li, Zhigang (55549690800); Xu, Xinyue (57205337902); Xu, Qiang (56574555200); Wang, Peng (58084949700); Xie, Kejia (25224381300)
57784674200; 55994333900; 8315760100; 57188731331; 35184309900; 55549690800; 57205337902; 56574555200; 58084949700; 25224381300
Retention and transport of coseismic landslide sediments induced by the Wenchuan earthquake, and its implication for the topographic evolution of the Longmen Shan 汶川地震同震滑坡物质在震区的滞留和运移及其对龙门山地形演化的影响
(2018) Acta Geophysica Sinica, 61 (5), pp. 1970 - 1983, Cited 2 times.
DOI: 10.6038/cjg2018M0074
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85062528478&doi=10.6038%2Fcjg2018M0074&partnerID=40&md5=d68bf94e1082dbd4f96ed2a08f40eab0

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics, Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing, China; European Centre for Research and Teaching in Environmental Geoscience (CEREGE), Aix-en-Provence, Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur, France; Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing, China; School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; Henan Province Non-ferrous Metal Geology Mineral Resources Bureau, Zhengzhou, China
ABSTRACT: The 2008 M<inf>W</inf>7.9 Wenchuan earthquake, China, ruptured the parallel Beichuan and Pengguan faults along the Longmen Shan, eastern margin of the Tibetan plateau, which induced a large amount of landslides, volume comparable to the coseismic uplift. However, there lacks systematic data and research to quantify the removal of these loose materials and temporal variation of fluvial erosion rates, which is central to understand the mass redistribution along the Longmen Shan and the role of such earthquake in building topography in active mountain ranges. Over the period of 2008-2013 after the Wenchuan earthquake, we collected a series of river sand samples along three tributaries of the Tuojiang River, including the Jianjiang, Shiting Jiang, and Mianyuan River, and measured the detrital quartz 10Be concentration. Together with published river sand 10Be concentration prior to the Wenchuan earthquake, our results show that:(1) Detrital 10Be concentration declined dramatically after the Wenchuan earthquake, which shows the dilution effect of co-seismic landslides; (2) Fluvial erosion rate in the upstream of Mianyuan River increased to 1.3~18.5 times of the pre-earthquake level, which indicates there occurs an obvious increase of erosion rates shortly after the earthquake; (3) Under the assumption of constant erosion rate, a simple calculation indicates the river will take at least 100~4000 years to move away these loose materials, comparable to the return time of Wenchuan-type large-magnitude earthquake in the Longmen Shan. Considering the effect of isostasy, we think that the Wenchuan earthquake will lead to a net material surplus in the Longmen Shan; and (4) The vertical motion and denudation at surface during the interseismic period and cosesimic rupture have different spatial pattern, which together control the topographic evolution of eastern Tibet. © 2018, Science Press. All right reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Co-seismic landslides; Fluvial processes; Longmen Shan; Topographic evolution; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Earthquakes; Erosion; Landslides; Topography; Co-seismic landslide; Erosion rates; Fluvial erosion; Fluvial process; Longmen shan; Loose materials; River sands; Seismic landslides; Topographic evolution; Wenchuan Earthquake; Rivers; coseismic process; denudation; detrital deposit; earthquake rupture; erosion rate; landscape evolution; landslide; quartz; Sichuan earthquake 2008; spatial analysis; temporal variation; topographic effect; Beichuan; China; Shiting River; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Ansberque, Claire, Denudation pattern across the Longriba fault system and implications for the geomorphological evolution of the eastern Tibetan margin, Geomorphology, 246, pp. 542-557, (2015); 
Arne, Dennis C., Differential exhumation in response to episodic thrusting along the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, Tectonophysics, 280, 3-4, pp. 239-256, (1997); 
Arnold, Maurice, The French accelerator mass spectrometry facility ASTER: Improved performance and developments, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 268, 11-12, pp. 1954-1959, (2010); 
Arnold, Maurice, The French accelerator mass spectrometry facility ASTER after 4 years: Status and recent developments on 36Cl and 129I, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 294, pp. 24-28, (2013); 
Burchfiel, B. Clark, Tectonics of the Longmen Shan and Adjacent Regions, Central China, International Geology Review, 37, 8, pp. 661-735, (1995); 
Chen, Hongxin, Mechanisms and runout characteristics of the rainfall-triggered debris flow in Xiaojiagou in Sichuan Province, China, Natural Hazards, 62, 3, pp. 1037-1057, (2012); 
undefined, (2009); 
Dadson, Simon J., Earthquake-triggered increase in sediment delivery from an active mountain belt, Geology, 32, 8, pp. 733-736, (2004); 
Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011); 
Seismology and Geology, (1994)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Gan, F., He, B., Wang, T.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Gan, Fengling (57189759811); He, Binghui (7402047749); Wang, Tao (57189757569)
57189759811; 7402047749; 57189757569
Water and soil loss from landslide deposits as a function of gravel content in the Wenchuan earthquake area, China, revealed by artificial rainfall simulations
(2018) PLOS ONE, 13 (5), art. no. e0196657, Cited 15 times.
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196657
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85046668138&doi=10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0196657&partnerID=40&md5=113a46f892866af11fe750966fd76302

AFFILIATIONS: College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Central Southern China Electric Power Design Institute limited liability company of China Power Engineering Consulting Group, Wuhan, China
ABSTRACT: A large number of landslides were triggered by the Mw7.9 Wenchuan earthquake which occurred on 12th May 2008. Landslides impacted extensive areas along the Mingjiang River and its tributaries. In the landslide deposits, soil and gravel fragments generally co-exist and their proportions may influence the hydrological and erosion processes on the steep slopes of the deposit surface. Understanding the effects of the mixtures of soil and gravels in landslide deposits on erosion processes is relevant for ecological reconstruction and water and soil conservation in Wenchuan earthquake area. Based on field surveys, indoor artificial rainfall simulation experiments with three rainfall intensities (1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mmmin-1) and three proportions of gravel (50%, 66.7% and 80%) were conducted to measure how the proportion of gravel affected soil erosion and sediment yield in landslide sediments and deposits. Where the proportion of gravel was 80%, no surface runoff was produced during the 90 minute experiment under all rainfall intensities. For the 66.7% proportion, no runoff was generated at the lowest rainfall intensity (1.0 mmmin-1). As a result of these interactions, the average sediment yield ranked as 50> 66.6> 80% with different proportions of gravel. In addition, there was a positive correlation between runoff generation and sediment yield, and the sediment yield lagging the runoff generation. Together, the results demonstrate an important role of gravel in moderating the mobilization of landslide sediment produced by large earthquakes, and could lay the foundation for erosion models which provide scientific guidance for the control of landslide sediment in the Wenchuan earthquake zone, China. © 2018 Gan et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
INDEX KEYWORDS: rain; water; analytic method; Article; China; controlled study; earthquake; ecosystem restoration; gravel; landslide; rock; runoff; sediment; simulation; soil analysis; soil erosion; water loss; comparative study; equipment design; particle size; soil; structural model; water flow; Earthquakes; Equipment Design; Geologic Sediments; Landslides; Models, Structural; Particle Size; Rain; Soil; Water; Water Movements
CHEMICALS/CAS: water, 7732-18-5; Soil; Water
REFERENCES: Li, Tianyang, Effects of gravel on infiltration, runoff, and sediment yield in landslide deposit slope in Wenchuan earthquake area, China, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 23, 12, pp. 12075-12084, (2016); 
Mechanics of Soil Erosion from Overland Flow Generated by Simulated Rainfall, (1973); 
Huang, Runqiu, Post-earthquake landsliding and long-term impacts in the Wenchuan earthquake area, China, Engineering Geology, 182, PB, pp. 111-120, (2014); 
Zhao, Qin, Research on the recovering measures and economic loss evaluation of soil erosion and water loss in Wenchuan-earthquake-hit areas of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 41, 3, pp. 289-293, (2009); 
Science Technology Review, (2009); 
Wang, Jin, Controls on fluvial evacuation of sediment from earthquake-triggered landslides, Geology, 43, 2, pp. 115-118, (2015); 
Chen, Zhanpeng, Measuring and calculation methods for landslide volume with 3-D laser scanner in Wenchuan earthquake area, Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 29, 8, pp. 135-144, (2013); 
Chen, Zhanpeng, Estimation of erosion from earthquake landslides in Wenchuan area, Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 45, 4, pp. 195-200, (2014); 
Li, Gen, Connectivity of earthquake-triggered landslides with the fluvial network: Implications for landslide sediment transport after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 121, 4, pp. 703-724, (2016); 
Wang, Wei, Perturbation of fluvial sediment fluxes following the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 42, 15, pp. 2611-2622, (2017)
PUBLISHER: Public Library of Science plos@plos.org
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS; GREEN ACCEPTED OPEN ACCESS; GREEN FINAL OPEN ACCESS; GREEN OPEN ACCESS

Fan, X., Scaringi, G., Xu, Q., Zhan, W., Dai, L., Li, Y., Pei, X., Yang, Q., Huang, R.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Fan, Xuanmei (12752112800); Scaringi, Gianvito (56335047900); Xu, Qiang (56506033600); Zhan, Weiwei (57194511378); Dai, Lanxin (57196005924); Li, Yusheng (54400212300); Pei, Xiangjun (14058672500); Yang, Qin (57203314330); Huang, Runqiu (55835407700)
12752112800; 56335047900; 56506033600; 57194511378; 57196005924; 54400212300; 14058672500; 57203314330; 55835407700
Coseismic landslides triggered by the 8th August 2017 M s 7.0 Jiuzhaigou earthquake (Sichuan, China): factors controlling their spatial distribution and implications for the seismogenic blind fault identification
(2018) Landslides, 15 (5), pp. 967 - 983, Cited 261 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s10346-018-0960-x
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85042176686&doi=10.1007%2Fs10346-018-0960-x&partnerID=40&md5=7d1da71875f12f78f94441d53da25361

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Clemson University College of Engineering, Computing and Applied Sciences, Clemson, SC, United States
ABSTRACT: On 8th August 2017, a magnitude M<inf>s</inf> 7.0 earthquake struck the County of Jiuzhaigou, in Sichuan Province, China. It was the third M<inf>s</inf> ≥ 7.0 earthquake in the Longmenshan area in the last decade, after the 2008 M<inf>s</inf> 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake and the 2013 M<inf>s</inf> 7.0 Lushan earthquake. The event did not produce any evident surface rupture but triggered significant mass wasting. Based on a large set of pre- and post-earthquake high-resolution satellite images (SPOT-5, Gaofen-1 and Gaofen-2) as well as on 0.2-m-resolution UAV photographs, a polygon-based interpretation of the coseismic landslides was carried out. In total, 1883 landslides were identified, covering an area of 8.11 km2, with an estimated total volume in the order of 25–30 × 106 m3. The total landslide area was lower than that produced by other earthquakes of similar magnitude with strike-slip motion, possibly because of the limited surface rupture. The spatial distribution of the landslides was correlated statistically to a number of seismic, terrain and geological factors, to evaluate the landslide susceptibility at regional scale and to identify the most typical characteristics of the coseismic failures. The landslides, mainly small-scale rockfalls and rock/debris slides, occurred mostly along two NE-SW-oriented valleys near the epicentre. Comparatively, high landslide density was found at locations where the landform evolves from upper, broad valleys to lower, deep-cut gorges. The spatial distribution of the coseismic landslides did not seem correlated to the location of any known active faults. On the contrary, it revealed that a previously-unknown blind fault segment—which is possibly the north-western extension of the Huya fault—is the plausible seismogenic fault. This finding is consistent with what hypothesised on the basis of field observations and ground displacements. © 2018, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Coseismic landslides; Jiuzhaigou earthquake; Landslide inventory; Landslide spatial distribution; Seismogenic fault
INDEX KEYWORDS: Faulting; Geophysics; Landforms; Landslides; Rock bursts; Spatial distribution; Fault identifications; Geological factors; Ground displacement; High resolution satellite images; Landslide inventories; Landslide susceptibility; Seismogenic faults; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes; active fault; earthquake epicenter; earthquake event; earthquake magnitude; earthquake rupture; earthquake trigger; fault displacement; identification method; landform; landslide; Lushan earthquake 2013; spatial distribution; SPOT; strike-slip fault; China; Longmen Mountains; Lushan [Sichuan]; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Bonini, Marco, Seismic sources and stress transfer interaction among axial normal faults and external thrust fronts in the Northern Apennines (Italy): A working hypothesis based on the 1916-1920 time-space cluster of earthquakes, Tectonophysics, 680, pp. 67-89, (2016); 
Barlow, John, Seismically-induced mass movements and volumetric fluxes resulting from the 2010 Mw=7.2 earthquake in the Sierra Cucapah, Mexico, Geomorphology, 230, pp. 138-145, (2015); 
Website, (2017); 
Chang, Ming, Spatial distribution analysis of landslides triggered by the 2013-04-20 Lushan earthquake, China, Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, 15, 1, pp. 163-171, (2016); 
In Hazarika H Kazama M Lee W Eds Geotechnical Hazards from Large Earthquakes and Heavy Rainfalls Springer Tokyo, (2017); 
She Fa Chen, Active faulting and block movement associated with large earthquakes in the Min Shan and Longmen Mountains, northeastern Tibetan Plateau, Journal of Geophysical Research, 99, B12, pp. 24-38, (1994); 
Nat Hazards Earth Syst Sci, (2013); 
Chigira, Masahiro, Geological and geomorphological characteristics of landslides triggered by the 2004 Mid Niigta prefecture earthquake in Japan, Engineering Geology, 82, 4, pp. 202-221, (2006); 
Chigira, Masahiro, Geological causes and geomorphological precursors of the Tsaoling landslide triggered by the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake, Taiwan, Engineering Geology, 68, 3-4, pp. 259-273, (2003); 
Chigira, Masahiro, Landslides induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China, Geomorphology, 118, 3-4, pp. 225-238, (2010)
PUBLISHER: Springer Verlag service@springer.de
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Yan, Z.-L., Qin, L.-L., Wang, R., Li, J., Wang, X.-M., Tang, X.-L., An, R.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Yan, Zhongluan (56464561600); Qin, Leilei (55823472200); Wang, Rui (59099998300); Li, Jia (57276419700); Wang, Xiaoming (58397977700); Tang, Xiliang (57376858600); An, Ruidong (16686444200)
56464561600; 55823472200; 59099998300; 57276419700; 58397977700; 57376858600; 16686444200
The application of a multi-beam echo-sounder in the analysis of the sedimentation situation of a large reservoir after an Earthquake
(2018) Water (Switzerland), 10 (5), art. no. 557, Cited 12 times.
DOI: 10.3390/w10050557
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85046696699&doi=10.3390%2Fw10050557&partnerID=40&md5=ed12a7b0e6b74f6b1dcadeb4b25672a1

AFFILIATIONS: Postdoctoral Research Station, China Three Gorges Corporation, Beijing, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; PowerChina Chengdu Engineering Corporation Limited, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; China Three Gorges Projects Development Co., Ltd, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: The Wenchuan Earthquake took place in the upper reach catchment of the Min River. It resulted in large amounts of loose materials gathering in the river channel, leading to changes in the sediment transport system in this area. The Zipingpu Reservoir is the last and the largest reservoir located in the upper reach of the Min River. It is near the epicenter and receives sediment from upstream. This paper puts forward a study on the reservoir sedimentation and storage capacity of the Zipingpu Reservoir, employing a multi-beam echo-sounder system in December 2012. Then, the data were merged with digital line graphics and shuttle radar topography mission data in ArcGIS to build a digital elevation model and triangulate the irregular network of Zipingpu Reservoir. Via the analysis of the bathymetric data, the results show the following: (1) The main channels of the reservoir gradually aggrade to a flat bottom from the deep-cutting valley. Sedimentation forms a reach with a W-shaped longitudinal thalweg profile and an almost zero slope reach in the upstream section of the reservoir due to the natural barrier induced by a landslide; (2) The loss ratios of the wetted cross-section surface are higher than 10% in the upstream section of the reservoir and higher than 40% in the natural barrier area; (3) Comparing the surveyed area storage capacity of December 2012 with March 2008, the Zipingpu Reservoir has lost 15.28% of its capacity at the dead storage water level and 10.49% of its capacity at the flood limit water level. © 2018 by the authors.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Capacity loss; Multi-beam echo-sounder; Sediment deposition; Topographical change; Zipingpu Reservoir
INDEX KEYWORDS: Acoustic devices; Catchments; Digital storage; Earthquakes; Graph theory; Rivers; Sediment transport; Sedimentation; Storage (materials); Water levels; Capacity loss; Digital elevation model; Multi-beam echo sounders; Reservoir sedimentation; Sediment deposition; Shuttle radar topography mission; Topographical changes; Wenchuan Earthquake; Reservoirs (water); aggradation; ArcGIS; bearing capacity; catchment; data assimilation; deposition; digital elevation model; earthquake; echo sounder; natural barrier; reservoir; sedimentation; Sichuan earthquake 2008; thalweg; topography; China; Min River [Sichuan]; Sichuan; Zipingpu Reservoir
REFERENCES: Aquatic Procedia, (2015); 
Journal of Environmental Protection, (2016); 
Schwindt, Sebastian, Effects of lateral and vertical constrictions on flow in rough steep channels with bedload, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 143, 12, (2017); 
Pandey, Ashish, Assessment of reservoir sedimentation using remote sensing and recommendations for desilting Patratu Reservoir, India, Hydrological Sciences Journal, 61, 4, pp. 711-718, (2016); 
Reservoir Sedimentation Handbook, (1998); 
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Rashid, Muhammad Usman, Optimization of Multiple Reservoirs Operation with Consideration to Sediment Evacuation, Water Resources Management, 29, 7, pp. 2429-2450, (2015); 
IAHR Hydrolink, (2010); 
Wisser, Dominik, Beyond peak reservoir storage? A global estimate of declining water storage capacity in large reservoirs, Water Resources Research, 49, 9, pp. 5732-5739, (2013); 
Schleiss, A. J., Reservoir sedimentation, Journal of Hydraulic Research/De Recherches Hydrauliques, 54, 6, pp. 595-614, (2016)
PUBLISHER: MDPI AG Postfach Basel CH-4005
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS; GREEN ACCEPTED OPEN ACCESS; GREEN OPEN ACCESS

Tian, S., Kong, J., Fan, X., Han, P., Sun, X.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Tian, Shujun (36609420200); Kong, Jiming (55793897000); Fan, Xiaoyi (36668557800); Han, Peifeng (55575448100); Sun, Xinpo (36549375000)
36609420200; 55793897000; 36668557800; 55575448100; 36549375000
Series and parallel model of landslide hazard evaluation based on disaster conditions and application
(2018) Journal of Natural Disasters, 27 (2), pp. 52 - 58, Cited 4 times.
DOI: 10.13577/j.jnd.2018.0206
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85052807576&doi=10.13577%2Fj.jnd.2018.0206&partnerID=40&md5=bd45aa3de0a727fb572e3900add1cb20

AFFILIATIONS: School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Firstly, series and parallel model of landslide hazard evaluation based on disaster conditions are investigated. The disaster conditons of landslide is divided into trigger system (sufficient condition) and internal factors (necessary condition) according to the analysis of landslide occurrence principle. Landslide can occur only when the triggering factor system ( sufficient condition ) and the internal factor system ( necessary condition) are combined together. A conceptual model for landslide hazard assessment is established. According to the analysis of three essential circuit elements ( voltage, resistance and current) relationship with landslide conditions, a series and parallel mathematical model of landslide hazard evaluation is established for the first time based on disaster conditions and the definition of the algorithm. The model can characterize the occurrence principle of landslide in structure and function. Then, using the established model, the hazard of landslide in the study area is evaluated under the condition of 5∗12 Wenchuan Earthquake. Quantitative evaluation of landslide hazard in the study area is carried out through the conditons analysis of landslide triggered by 5 -12 Wenchuan Earthquake and the aid of Arc-GIS software. The evaluation results are tested by the data of landslide triggered by 5 -12 Wenchuan Earthquake, which is acquired by remote sensing interpretation and field survey. The test results show that 73.56% earthquake landslide is located in extremely high risk area or high risk area, and larger ratio of landslide area to evaluation area is also in extremely high risk area(0. 319 4) and high risk area(0. 185 0), and the ratio increases with the increase of risk level in general. In a word, the evaluation results are reasonable. © 2018 Science Press. All rights reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Disaster conditions; Hazard evaluation; Landslide; Series and parallel model
INDEX KEYWORDS: algorithm; conceptual framework; GIS; hazard assessment; landslide; numerical model; remote sensing; Sichuan earthquake 2008
REFERENCES: Ohlmacher, Gregory C., Using multiple logistic regression and GIS technology to predict landslide hazard in northeast Kansas, USA, Engineering Geology, 69, 3-4, pp. 331-343, (2003); 
Thiery, Yannick, Landslide susceptibility assessment by bivariate methods at large scales: Application to a complex mountainous environment, Geomorphology, 92, 1-2, pp. 38-59, (2007); 
Li, Xiuzhen, A comparison of distance and Fisher discrimination methods applied to identifying potential landslides, Yantu Lixue/Rock and Soil Mechanics, 32, 1, pp. 186-192, (2011); 
Journal of Natural Disasters, (1997); 
Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, (2013); 
Gao, Kechang, Landslide hazard evaluation of Wanzhou based on GIS information value method in the three gorges reservoir, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 25, 5, pp. 991-996, (2006); 
Qiao, Jianping, Study on landslide hazard zonation using contributing weight overlay method, Journal of Natural Disasters, 20, 2, pp. 8-13, (2011); 
Shen-Yong, R., Application of Gis-based information model on assesment of geological hazards risk, Journal of the Chengdu Institute of Technology, 28, 1, pp. 89-92, (2001); 
Li, Junxia, Landslide risk assessment based on combination weighting-unascertained measure theory, Yantu Lixue/Rock and Soil Mechanics, 34, 2, pp. 468-474, (2013); 
Journal of Lanzhou University Natural Sciences, (2014)
PUBLISHER: Science Press
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Chen, X., Chen, J., Cui, P., You, Y., Hu, K., Yang, Z., Zhang, W., Li, X., Wu, Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Chen, Xiaoqing (55739112600); Chen, Jiangang (56013367200); Cui, Peng (56706923500); You, Yong (35811595800); Hu, Kaiheng (55648903800); Yang, Zongji (24485723300); Zhang, Weifeng (55706462700); Li, Xinpo (56106503000); Wu, Yong (35786710400)
55739112600; 56013367200; 56706923500; 35811595800; 55648903800; 24485723300; 55706462700; 56106503000; 35786710400
Assessment of prospective hazards resulting from the 2017 earthquake at the world heritage site Jiuzhaigou Valley, Sichuan, China
(2018) Journal of Mountain Science, 15 (4), pp. 779 - 792, Cited 56 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11629-017-4785-1
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85045414764&doi=10.1007%2Fs11629-017-4785-1&partnerID=40&md5=36a5a84eacd7049bbc15f977da3be72f

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; CAS Center for Excellence & Innovation in Tibetan Plateau Earth System Sciences, Shantou, Beijing, China; The Youth Creative Promotion Association, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: On August 8, 2017, a Ms = 7.0 magnitude earthquake occurred in the Jiuzhaigou Valley, in Sichuan Province, China (N: 33.20°, E: 103.82°). Jiuzhaigou Valley is an area recognized and listed as a world heritage site by UNESCO in 1992. Data analysis and field survey were conducted on the landslide, collapse, and debris flow gully, to assess the coseismic geological hazards generated by the earthquake using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), remote-sensing imaging, laser range finders, geological radars, and cameras. The results highlighted the occurrence of 13 landslides, 70 collapses, and 25 potential debris flow gullies following the earthquake. The hazards were classified on the basis of their size and the potential property loss attributable to them. Consequently, 14 large-scale hazards, 30 medium-sized hazards, and 64 small hazards accounting for 13%, 28%, and 59% of the total hazards, respectively, were identified. Based on the variation tendency of the geological hazards that ensued in areas affected by the Kanto earthquake (Japan), Chi-chi earthquake (Taiwan China), and Wenchuan earthquake (Sichuan China), the study predicts that, depending on the rain intensity cycle, the duration of geological hazard activities in the Jiuzhaigou Valley may last over ten years and will gradually decrease for the following five to ten years before returning to pre-earthquake levels. Thus, necessary monitoring and early warning systems must be implemented to ensure the safety of residents, workers and tourists during the construction of engineering projects and reopening of scenic sites to the public. © 2018, Science Press, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, CAS and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: 2017 Jiuzhaigou earthquake; Disaster risk; Geological hazard; Jiuzhaigou Valley; Landslide; World heritage site
INDEX KEYWORDS: early warning system; earthquake event; earthquake mechanism; hazard assessment; monitoring system; remote sensing; unmanned vehicle; World Heritage Site; China; Jiuzhaigou National Park; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Chen, Tongbin, The rescue, conservation, and restoration of heritage sites in the ethnic minority areas ravaged by the Wenchuan earthquake, Frontiers of Architectural Research, 1, 1, pp. 77-85, (2012); 
Chen, Xingzhang, The formation of the Wulipo landslide and the resulting debris flow in Dujiangyan City, China, Journal of Mountain Science, 14, 6, pp. 1100-1112, (2017); 
Chen, Xiaoqing, Engineering measures for debris flow hazard mitigation in the Wenchuan earthquake area, Engineering Geology, 194, pp. 73-85, (2015); 
Calligaris, Chiara, First steps towards a landslide inventory map of the Central Karakoram National Park, European Journal of Remote Sensing, 46, 1, pp. 272-287, (2013); 
Chiou, Shianjin, Evaluating landslides and sediment yields induced by the chi-chi earthquake and followed heavy rainfalls along the ta-chia river, Journal of GeoEngineering, 2, 2, pp. 73-83, (2007); 
Cigna, Francesca, Geological hazards in the UNESCO World Heritage sites of the UK: From the global to the local scale perspective, Earth-Science Reviews, 176, pp. 166-194, (2018); 
Earth Science Frontiers, (2007); 
Cui, Peng, The Wenchuan Earthquake (May 12, 2008), Sichuan Province, China, and resulting geohazards, Natural Hazards, 56, 1, pp. 19-36, (2011); 
Sci China Ser E, (2003); 
Research and Prevention of Debris Flow in National Parks, (2005)
PUBLISHER: Science Press
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Cui, S., Pei, X., Huang, R.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Cui, Shenghua (56660242900); Pei, Xiangjun (14058672500); Huang, Runqiu (55835407700)
56660242900; 14058672500; 55835407700
Effects of geological and tectonic characteristics on the earthquake-triggered Daguangbao landslide, China
(2018) Landslides, 15 (4), pp. 649 - 667, Cited 69 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s10346-017-0899-3
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85045167916&doi=10.1007%2Fs10346-017-0899-3&partnerID=40&md5=9560569f3e200561f7572d5488f7b8b0

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: The Daguangbao landslide is the largest co-seismic landslide triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake (Ms 8.0) occurred on 12 May 2008. The landslide, which is 4.6 km long and 3.7 km wide, involves a volume of approximately 1.2 × 109 m3. An exposed slip surface, situated at the southern flank of its source area, was observed with a length of 1.8 km along the main sliding direction and an area of 0.3 km2. To study the geological and tectonic characteristics of the source area and their contributions to the landslide formation during the earthquake, detailed geological investigations were firstly conducted. And it is reached that the landslide occurred on the northwestern limb of the Dashuizha anticline with its scarp showing several geological structures, including joint sets, local faults, and folds. These tectonic-related structures potentially influenced the failure of the landslide. Secondly, further investigations were focused on the inclined planar sliding surface using 12 exploratory trenches, nine boreholes, a tunnel, borehole sonic data, and micro-images. These data reveal that the rock mass along the sliding surface was the fragmented rock of a bedding fault. A pulverized zone was observed on the sliding surface, which was the zone of shear localization during the landslide. This suggests that the shear failure of the Daguangbao landslide developed within the bedding fault. The rapid failure of the landslide was associated with the degradation of the rock mass strength of the bedding fault both before and during the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. With this study, we propose that a pre-existing large discontinuity within a slope may be the basis for initiating a large landslide during earthquake. © 2017, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Bedding fault; Co-seismic landslide; Daguangbao landslide; Geological and tectonic characteristics; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Boreholes; Earthquakes; Exploratory boreholes; Geology; Geophysics; Landslides; Rock mechanics; Rocks; Seismology; Tectonics; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Daguangbao landslides; Geological and tectonic characteristics; Geological investigation; Geological structures; Seismic landslides; Shear localizations; Wenchuan Earthquake; Faulting; bedding plane; degradation; detection method; earthquake trigger; fault plane; landslide; seismicity; shear stress; tectonic setting; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Agosta, Fabrizio, Architecture and deformation mechanism of a basin-bounding normal fault in Mesozoic platform carbonates, central Italy, Journal of Structural Geology, 28, 8, pp. 1445-1467, (2006); 
Anders, Mark H., Stratified granular media beneath large slide blocks: Implications for mode of emplacement, Geology, 28, 11, pp. 971-974, (2000); 
Environmental and Engineering Geoscience, (2002); 
Billi, Andrea, Grain size distribution and thickness of breccia and gouge zones from thin (<1 m) strike-slip fault cores in limestone, Journal of Structural Geology, 27, 10, pp. 1823-1837, (2005); 
Billi, Andrea, The damage zone-fault core transition in carbonate rocks: Implications for fault growth, structure and permeability, Journal of Structural Geology, 25, 11, pp. 1779-1794, (2003); 
Bozzano, Francesca, Earthquake triggering of landslides in highly jointed rock masses: Reconstruction of the 1783 Scilla rock avalanche (Italy), Geomorphology, 129, 3-4, pp. 294-308, (2011); 
Braathen, Alvar B., Dynamic development of fault rocks in a crustal-scale detachment: An example from western Norway, Tectonics, 23, 4, pp. TC4010-21, (2004); 
Burchfiel, B. Clark, A geological and geophysical context for the Wenchuan earthquake of 12 May 2008, Sichuan, People's Republic of China, GSA Today, 18, 7, pp. 4-11, (2008); 
Chen, Xiaoli, Evaluation of factors controlling large earthquake-induced landslides by the Wenchuan earthquake, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 12, 12, pp. 3645-3657, (2012); 
Chigira, Masahiro, Geological and geomorphological characteristics of landslides triggered by the 2004 Mid Niigta prefecture earthquake in Japan, Engineering Geology, 82, 4, pp. 202-221, (2006)
PUBLISHER: Springer Verlag service@springer.de
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zhang, S., Zhao, L., Delgado-Téllez, R., Bao, H.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhang, Shaojie (35249906100); Zhao, Luqiang (57131658500); Delgado-Téllez, Ricardo (36994508900); Bao, Hongjun (34771146500)
35249906100; 57131658500; 36994508900; 34771146500
A physics-based probabilistic forecasting model for rainfall-induced shallow landslides at regional scale
(2018) Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 18 (3), pp. 969 - 982, Cited 57 times.
DOI: 10.5194/nhess-18-969-2018
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85044780266&doi=10.5194%2Fnhess-18-969-2018&partnerID=40&md5=6dc0e4a6e8d8f37416dcd8159e71b13c

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Public Meteorological Service Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing, China; Technology and Environment of Cuba, Ministry of Science, Guantánamo, Cuba; National Satellite Meteorological Center Beijing, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Conventional outputs of physics-based landslide forecasting models are presented as deterministic warnings by calculating the safety factor (<i>F</i>s) of potentially dangerous slopes. However, these models are highly dependent on variables such as cohesion force and internal friction angle which are affected by a high degree of uncertainty especially at a regional scale, resulting in unacceptable uncertainties of <i>F</i>s. Under such circumstances, the outputs of physical models are more suitable if presented in the form of landslide probability values. In order to develop such models, a method to link the uncertainty of soil parameter values with landslide probability is devised. This paper proposes the use of Monte Carlo methods to quantitatively express uncertainty by assigning random values to physical variables inside a defined interval. The inequality <i>F</i>s &lt; 1 is tested for each pixel in <i>n</i> simulations which are integrated in a unique parameter. This parameter links the landslide probability to the uncertainties of soil mechanical parameters and is used to create a physics-based probabilistic forecasting model for rainfall-induced shallow landslides. The prediction ability of this model was tested in a case study, in which simulated forecasting of landslide disasters associated with heavy rainfalls on 9 July 2013 in the Wenchuan earthquake region of Sichuan province, China, was performed. The proposed model successfully forecasted landslides in 159 of the 176 disaster points registered by the geo-environmental monitoring station of Sichuan province. Such testing results indicate that the new model can be operated in a highly efficient way and show more reliable results, attributable to its high prediction accuracy. Accordingly, the new model can be potentially packaged into a forecasting system for shallow landslides providing technological support for the mitigation of these disasters at regional scale. © Author(s) 2018.
REFERENCES: Aleotti, Pietro, A warning system for rainfall-induced shallow failures, Engineering Geology, 73, 3-4, pp. 247-265, (2004); 
Apip, Apip, A distributed hydrological-geotechnical model using satellite-derived rainfall estimates for shallow landslide prediction system at a catchment scale, Landslides, 7, 3, pp. 237-258, (2010); 
Trigrs A Fortran Program for Transient Rainfall Infiltration and Grid Based Regional Slope Stability Analysis, (2002); 
Geologia Applicata E Idrogeologia, (1973); 
Caine, Nel, The rainfall intensity-duration control of shallow landslides and debris flows., Geografiska Annaler, Series A: Physical Geography, 62, 1-2, pp. 23-27, (1980); 
Cardinali, Mauro, Rainfall induced landslides in December 2004 in south-western Umbria, central Italy: Types, extent, damage and risk assessment, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 6, 2, pp. 237-260, (2006); 
Chang, Kangtsung, Analysing the relationship between typhoon-triggered landslides and critical rainfall conditions, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 33, 8, pp. 1261-1271, (2008); 
Crosta, Giovanni Battista, Regionalization of rainfall thresholds: An aid to landslide hazard evaluation, Environmental Geology, 35, 2-3, pp. 131-145, (1998); 
Proceedings 2nd EGS Plinius Conference on Mediterranean Storms, (2001); 
Crosta, Giovanni Battista, Distributed modelling of shallow landslides triggered by intense rainfall, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 3, 1-2, pp. 81-93, (2003)
PUBLISHER: Copernicus GmbH info@copernicus.org
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS; GREEN ACCEPTED OPEN ACCESS; GREEN OPEN ACCESS

Wu, Z.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wu, Zhongliang (9536539700)
9536539700
International consultation on the likelihood of earthquakes: Two cases in 2008 after the Wenchuan Earthquake
(2018), pp. 215 - 232, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.1515/9783110560329-225
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-105013952989&doi=10.1515%2F9783110560329-225&partnerID=40&md5=ccddfc44338c5b41ccc7120439718cc2

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Geophysics, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: After the May 12, 2008, Wenchuan earthquake, aftershock activity became a threat to the relief and reconstruction process, which was further emphasized because in the region of west Sichuan there had been quite a few landslide lakes caused by the mainshock. While organizing domestic work on the estimation of aftershock hazard, China Earthquake Administration (CEA) invited several experts from abroad for discussions on the aftershock sequence. At approximately the same time, a paper by a Russian group, indicating that there would be an earthquake with magnitude 6.5~7 near Beijing around August, 2008, caused much concern, due to the sensitivity of the place and time (in the sense of not only the Wenchuan earthquake but also the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games). Dealing with this forecast, six experts from different countries were invited by the CEA to review the paper. The present Chapter summarizes the two cases by archiving the key messages arising from the international communication, providing a unique set of materials both for the study of earthquake forecasting and for the history of seismology. © 2018 Higher Education Press and Walter de Gruyter GmbH. All rights reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Aftershock sequence; Beijing Olympic Games; Evaluation of earthquake forecast; The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Earthquake effects; Environmental engineering; Aftershock sequence; Beijing olympic games; Earthquake aftershocks; Earthquake forecast; Evaluation of earthquake forecast; Reconstruction process; The 2008 wenchuan earthquake; Wenchuan Earthquake; West Sichuan; Forecasting
REFERENCES: Wenchuan Earthquake of 2008 Anatomy of A Disaster, (2011); 
Dieterich, James H., A constitutive law for rate of earthquake production and its application to earthquake clustering, Journal of Geophysical Research, 99, B2, pp. 2601-2618, (1994); 
Gerstenberger, Matthew C., Real-time forecasts of tomorrow's earthquakes in California, Nature, 435, 7040, pp. 328-331, (2005); 
Science Report on the Wenchuan Magnitue 8 0 Earthquake, (2009); 
Lin, Jian, Stress triggering in thrust and subduction earthquakes and stress interaction between the southern San Andreas and nearby thrust and strike-slip faults, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 109, 2, pp. B02303-19, (2004); 
Mulargia, Francesco, Special section - Assessment of schemes for earthquake prediction: Retrospective validation of the time association of precursors, Geophysical Journal International, 131, 3, pp. 500-504, (1997); 
Politics of Earthquake Prediction, (1989); 
Parsons, Tom, Stress changes from the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and increased hazard in the Sichuan basin, Nature, 454, 7203, pp. 509-510, (2008); 
Parsons, Tom, Evaluation of static stress change forecasting with prospective and blind tests, Geophysical Journal International, 188, 3, pp. 1425-1440, (2012); 
Reasenberg, Paul A., Earthquake hazard after a mainshock in California, Science, 243, 4895, pp. 1173-1176, (1989)
PUBLISHER: De Gruyter
DOCUMENT TYPE: Book chapter
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Li, Y.-G.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Li, Yonggang (57211569118)
57211569118
Fault-zone guided wave, ground motion, landslide and earthquake forecast
(2018), pp. 1 - 14, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.1515/9783110560329-011
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-105013923786&doi=10.1515%2F9783110560329-011&partnerID=40&md5=21d98676d854bd0b2060956213d0b494

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Earth Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
ABSTRACT: This book covers multi-disciplinary topics in observational, computational and applied geophysics in aspects of solid earth system. Seven chapters present recent research to: (i) image subsurface rupture zones of South Napa earthquake in California by fault-zone trapped (guided) waves, (ii) introduce fault-zone trapped waves recorded for teleseismic earthquakes to document deep fault compliant zone, (iii) towards real-time estimate strong ground motion based on full-3D waveform tomography, (iv) implement ETAS models to earthquake zones with different tectonic structures, (v) understand erosional agency and cascading hazards for earthquake-triggering landslides, (vi) simulate coal and gas outburst by discrete element and lattice Boltzmann model, and (vii) review international consultation on the likelihood of earthquakes after Wenchuan earthquake using various methods. Authors from global institutions illuminate multi-disciplinary topics with case studies. All topics in this book will be helpful for further understanding earthquake physics and hazard assessment in global seismogenic regions. © 2018 Higher Education Press and Walter de Gruyter GmbH. All rights reserved.
INDEX KEYWORDS: 3D modeling; Earthquake engineering; Earthquakes; Faulting; Forecasting; Hazards; Motion estimation; California; Earthquake forecast; Fault zone; Fault-zone trapped waves; Ground-motion; Landslide forecast; Recent researches; Rupture zone; Solid Earth system; Teleseismic earthquakes; Landslides
REFERENCES: Akaike, Hirotsugu, A New Look at the Statistical Model Identification, IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, 19, 6, pp. 716-723, (1974); 
Baltay, Annemarie S., Ground-motion observations of the 2014 South Napa Earthquake, Seismological Research Letters, 86, 2A, pp. 355-360, (2015); 
Ben-Zion, Yehuda, A shallow fault-zone structure illuminated by trapped waves in the Karadere-Duzce branch of the North Anatolian Fault, western Turkey, Geophysical Journal International, 152, 3, pp. 699-717, (2003); 
Brocher, Thomas M., The Mw 6.0 24 august 2014 South Napa Earthquake, Seismological Research Letters, 86, 2A, pp. 309-326, (2015); 
Catchings, Rufus D., High-resolution seismic velocities and shallow structure of the San Andreas fault zone at Middle Mountain, Parkfield, California, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 92, 6, pp. 2493-2503, (2002); 
Chen, Po, Full-3D Seismic Waveform Inversion: Theory, Software and Practice, pp. 1-513, (2015); 
Chu, Annie, Comparison of ETAS parameter estimates across different global tectonic zones, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 101, 5, pp. 2323-2339, (2011); 
Cochran, Elizabeth S., Seismic and geodetic evidence for extensive, long-lived fault damage zones, Geology, 37, 4, pp. 315-318, (2009); 
Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011); 
Ellsworth, William L., Deep rock damage in the san andreas fault revealed by P- and S-type fault-zone-guided waves, Geological Society Special Publication, 359, 1, pp. 39-53, (2011)
PUBLISHER: De Gruyter
DOCUMENT TYPE: Book chapter
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Li, G., West, A.J., Densmore, A.L., Jin, Z., Zhang, F., Wang, J., Hilton, R.G.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Li, Gen (56127683700); West, Alison Joshua (26538380300); Densmore, Alexander Logan (7004510678); Jin, Zhangdong (7403625767); Zhang, Fei (55195292000); Wang, Jin (58465079600); Hilton, Robert G. (24385259400)
56127683700; 26538380300; 7004510678; 7403625767; 55195292000; 58465079600; 24385259400
Distribution of earthquake-triggered landslides across landscapes: Towards understanding erosional agency and cascading hazards
(2018), pp. 160 - 190, Cited 7 times.
DOI: 10.1515/9783110560329-170
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-105013909319&doi=10.1515%2F9783110560329-170&partnerID=40&md5=5859533098678ada1386770cebd5e772

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Earth Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Institute of Hazard, Faculty of Social Sciences & Health, Durham, County Durham, United Kingdom; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
ABSTRACT: In mountainous regions, earthquake-triggered landslides are a critical geohazard, a major agent of erosion, and a powerful driver of the carbon cycle. How landslides are distributed across landscapes provides key information for hazard management and for better understanding of orogenic evolution and cycling of carbon. In this chapter, we study the distribution of landslides caused by the 2008 M<inf>w</inf>7.9 Wenchuan earthquake at the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau in the context of recent advances in understanding landslide spatial patterns. We have previously produced a Wenchuan landslide inventory by mapping landslides from remote sensing images. Combining this landslide inventory map with analysis of digital topography, regional geology, and ground motion data, we explore the controlling factors of the Wenchuan earthquake-triggered landslides. We study the locations of the Wenchuan landslides relative to river networks to evaluate how and to what extent landslides supply sediment to rivers. We examine the hillslope aspects of landslides and discuss how the preferred facing directions reveal information about earthquake source, seismic ground motion, and rupture propagation. We evaluate the distribution of landslides from hillslope tops to bases and discuss the implications for long-term evolution of hillslope morphology. Assuming that the Wenchuan seismogenic fault was a linear energy source, we can successfully model the pattern of Wenchuan landslides by adapting a functional form of the law of seismic wave attenuation which accounts for both geometric spreading and quality decay. In conjunction with models predicting total volumes of earthquake-triggered landslides, this approach has promise for predicting the magnitude and pattern of landslides caused by earthquakes based on known characteristics of the seismogenic faults and the seismotectonic, topographic, and geological setting. © 2018 Higher Education Press and Walter de Gruyter GmbH. All rights reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Earthquake-triggered landslides; Erosional agency and cascading hazards; Fault characteristics; Fluvial network; Landslide pattern and modeling; Seismic wave attenuation equation; Surface landscape; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Carbon; Earthquakes; Erosion; Faulting; Hazards; Landslides; Long Term Evolution (LTE); Miocene; Remote sensing; Topography; Attenuation equation; Earthquake-triggered landslides; Erosional agency and cascading hazard; Fault characteristics; Fluvial network; Fluvials; Landslide modelling; Landslide pattern; Seismic wave attenuation equation; Seismic wave attenuations; Surface landscape; Wenchuan Earthquake; Seismic waves
REFERENCES: Bellugi, Dino G., A spectral clustering search algorithm for predicting shallow landslide size and location, Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 120, 2, pp. 300-324, (2015); 
Burchfiel, B. Clark, A geological and geophysical context for the Wenchuan earthquake of 12 May 2008, Sichuan, People's Republic of China, GSA Today, 18, 7, pp. 4-11, (2008); 
Chen, Hongey, Effects of topography, lithology, rainfall and earthquake on landslide and sediment discharge in mountain catchments of southeastern Taiwan, Geomorphology, 133, 3-4, pp. 132-142, (2011); 
Chen, Shefa, Emplacement of the Longmen Shan Thrust-Nappe Belt along the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, Journal of Structural Geology, 18, 4, pp. 413-430, (1996); 
China Geological Base Map and Instructions 1 2 500 000, (2004); 
Clark, Marin Kristen, Topographic ooze: Building the eastern margin of Tibet by lower crustal flow, Geology, 28, 8, pp. 703-706, (2000); 
Clark, Kasey E., Storm-triggered landslides in the Peruvian Andes and implications for topography, carbon cycles, and biodiversity, Earth Surface Dynamics, 4, 1, pp. 47-70, (2016); 
Dadson, Simon J., Earthquake-triggered increase in sediment delivery from an active mountain belt, Geology, 32, 8, pp. 733-736, (2004); 
Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011); 
Densmore, Alexander Logan, Topographic fingerprints of bedrock landslides, Geology, 28, 4, pp. 371-374, (2000)
PUBLISHER: De Gruyter
DOCUMENT TYPE: Book chapter
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Lu, Y., Xu, D., Wang, Q., Xu, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Lu, Yi (55568529276); Xu, Dun (57129394000); Wang, Qian (57199479047); Xu, Jiuping (23098839500)
55568529276; 57129394000; 57199479047; 23098839500
Multi-stakeholder collaboration in community post-disaster reconstruction: case study from the Longmen Shan Fault area in China
(2018) Environmental Hazards, 17 (2), pp. 85 - 106, Cited 29 times.
DOI: 10.1080/17477891.2017.1351914
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85026344705&doi=10.1080%2F17477891.2017.1351914&partnerID=40&md5=2984376a56e7c0bc13470147b98f7270

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Emergency Management and Reconstruction in Post-disaster, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: While multi-stakeholder collaboration is critical for effective community post-disaster reconstruction (CPDR), it is often very difficult in practice. The Longmen Shan Fault active seismic zone in China has experienced several recent earthquakes with the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and 2013 Lushan earthquake, both of which caused extensive and widespread damage to many communities, presenting unprecedented challenges for post-disaster reconstruction. This paper develops a multi-cycle field research method that involves three interconnected cycles: internet research, field visits, and extensive surveys: to examine multi-stakeholder collaboration for the CPDR following the Wenchuan earthquake. It was found that there were 12 types of active stakeholders engaged across four main areas: infrastructure rebuilding, psychological recovery, socio-economic rehabilitation, and ecological restoration. Specifically, local community participation and effective collaboration between the community and the external stakeholders were found to be the most crucial elements for successful reconstruction. Multi-stage field research after the Lushan earthquake verified that CPDR was effective and that multi-stakeholder collaboration had improved from the lessons learnt from the Wenchuan earthquake reconstruction experience. Some advantages and limitations of this research are also given. © 2017 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: China; community post-disaster reconstruction; Longmen Shan Fault area; multi-cycle field research; Multi-stakeholder collaboration
INDEX KEYWORDS: community organization; disaster management; earthquake damage; field method; local participation; reconstruction; research method; seismic zone; stakeholder; China; Longmenshan Fault Zone; Sichuan
REFERENCES: A Guide to Qualitative Field Research, (2007); 
Berkes, Fikret, Understanding uncertainty and reducing vulnerability: Lessons from resilience thinking, Natural Hazards, 41, 2, pp. 283-295, (2007); 
Birnbaum, Michael H., Human research and data collection via the internet, Annual Review of Psychology, 55, pp. 803-832, (2004); 
Bolin, Bob, The Northridge earthquake: Community-based approaches to unmet recovery needs, Disasters, 22, 1, pp. 21-38, (1998); 
Buckland, Jerry, Community-based disaster management during the 1997 Red River Flood in Canada, Disasters, 23, 2, pp. 174-191, (1999); 
Chang-Richards, Alice Yan, Donor-driven resource procurement for post-disaster reconstruction: Constraints and actions, Habitat International, 35, 2, pp. 199-205, (2011); 
Chen, Justine, Public-private partnerships for the development of disaster resilient communities, Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, 21, 3, pp. 130-143, (2013); 
Chen, Liangchun, Integrated Community-Based Disaster Management Program in Taiwan: A case study of Shang-An Village, Natural Hazards, 37, 1-2, pp. 209-223, (2006); 
Davidson, Colin H., Truths and myths about community participation in post-disaster housing projects, Habitat International, 31, 1, pp. 100-115, (2007); 
Dillman, Don A., Response rate and measurement differences in mixed-mode surveys using mail, telephone, interactive voice response (IVR) and the Internet, Social Science Research, 38, 1, pp. 1-18, (2009)
PUBLISHER: Taylor and Francis Ltd. michael.wagreich@univie.ac.at
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wang, B., Li, N., Men, Y., Zhang, M.-Z.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wang, Banqiao (57221063560); Li, Nan (59089113900); Men, Yuming (7004288059); Zhang, Miaozhi (57203322257)
57221063560; 59089113900; 7004288059; 57203322257
Shaking table model test for framed anchors in landslide prevention 滑坡防治格构梁锚固系统振动台模型试验
(2018) Yantu Lixue/Rock and Soil Mechanics, 39 (3), pp. 782 - 796, Cited 2 times.
DOI: 10.16285/j.rsm.2016.0757
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85051252675&doi=10.16285%2Fj.rsm.2016.0757&partnerID=40&md5=9dc6201ade30d0e7a65f98963afc48ac

AFFILIATIONS: School of Geology Engineering and Geomatics, Chang'an University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
ABSTRACT: In order to study the dynamic responses of anchorage system under earthquake,the model of landslide supported by anchor bars and lattice beam is carried out using shaking table. The difference of dynamic response of anchor bars in different locations and the mechanism behavior of anchor bars under earthquake are studied by inputting waves of Wenchuan earthquake, EL Centro earthquake and sine seismic wave to monitor the axial force of anchor bars, landslide acceleration and landslide displacement. The results suggest that under low level earthquake loading (0.05 g~0.40 g), the surface effect of slope toe is more obvious than other parts of the landslide, and the sliding surface near slope toe is prone to fracturing because of repeated rubbing and cutting. Based on pseudo-static method design, it is advised that short anchors or soil nails should be driven into toe slope in order to balance the uncoordinated reciprocating motion of sliding surface near slope. Under high level earthquake loading (0.6 g~0.8 g), the surface effect of slope shoulder is more obvious, the fracture in sliding surface near slope top is longer and wider than before, and the sliding surface is more likely to crack or collapse. It is advised that the first-row anchors should be extended in order to restrain the development of cracks in slope sliding surface. Meanwhile, using short anchors or growing plants with developed root system at top of the slope is necessary to protect the slope. Slope with anchorage system is not prone to as-a-whole slope damage like plain soil slope, and under high level earthquake loading, firstly anchors in slope toe are damaged, and then tensile force of top anchors sharply rises due to cracks caused by pulling force at the top surface of slope. The results provide a reasonable foundation for the design of anchor bars under earthquake. © 2018, Science Press. All right reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Anchorage system; Dynamic response; Earthquake; Landslide; Shaking table test
INDEX KEYWORDS: Anchorages (foundations); Anchors; Cracks; Dynamic response; Landslides; Soil structure interactions; Anchorage systems; Centro earthquake; Earthquake loadings; Pseudostatic method; Reciprocating motion; Shaking table model test; Shaking table tests; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes
REFERENCES: Huang, Runqiu, Research on development and distribution rules of geohazards induced by Wenchuan earthquake on 12th May, 2008, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 27, 12, pp. 2585-2592, (2008); 
Zhou, Depei, Seismic damage analysis of road slopes in Wenchuan earthquake, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 29, 3, pp. 565-576, (2010); 
Journal of Hefei University of Technology, (2009); 
Journal of Lanzhou University of Technology, (2008); 
Zhang, Changsuo, Numerical simulation of wave propagation in grouted rock bolts and the effects of mesh density and wave frequency, International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 43, 4, pp. 634-639, (2006); 
Shi, Yucheng, Analysis of dynamic response of dangerous rock mass reinforced by prestressed anchor cables under seismic loads, Yantu Lixue/Rock and Soil Mechanics, 32, 4, pp. 1157-1162, (2011); 
Stamatopoulos, Constantine A., Mitigation of the seismic motion near the edge of cliff-type topographies, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 27, 12, pp. 1082-1100, (2007); 
Tannant, Dwayne D., Rockbolt behaviour under dynamic loading: Field tests and modelling, International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences and Geomechanics, 32, 6, pp. 537-550, (1995); 
Hong, Yungshan, Shaking table tests and stability analysis of steep nailed slopes, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 42, 5, pp. 1264-1279, (2005); 
Wen, Changping, Shaking table model test study of seismic displacement mode of slope with anchor lattice frame structure, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 30, 10, pp. 2076-2083, (2011)
PUBLISHER: Academia Sinica kjwang@public.wh.hb.cn
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Fan, R., Zhang, L., Wang, H., Fan, X.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Fan, Ruilin (57201337970); Zhang, Limin Min (58883008100); Wang, Haojie (57201345466); Fan, Xuanmei (12752112800)
57201337970; 58883008100; 57201345466; 12752112800
Evolution of debris flow activities in Gaojiagou Ravine during 2008–2016 after the Wenchuan earthquake
(2018) Engineering Geology, 235, pp. 1 - 10, Cited 102 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2018.01.017
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85044376843&doi=10.1016%2Fj.enggeo.2018.01.017&partnerID=40&md5=c3a7ed50d260064332509c73bb71cd0a

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan, China triggered numerous landslides in the stricken area. The loose landslide materials retained on mountain slopes and in gullies are prone to reactivation and may transform into debris flows in the rainy season. Nine years after the Wenchuan earthquake, debris flows are still active in Gaojiagou Ravine 16.5 km north of the epicentre. On 14 August 2010, 3 July 2011, 13 July 2013, and 6 July 2016, four large-scale debris flows were triggered by heavy storms in Gaojiagou Ravine. The four debris flows blocked the Minjiang River twice and caused severe damage to nearby villages and reconstruction sites. Several questions arise from these repeated debris flows. Did the level of triggering rainfall change in the four debris flow events? How did the initiation mechanism evolve over time? What are the differences in the runout characteristics in the four events? How did the check dams constructed in 2012 function in the subsequent debris flows? In this paper, we evaluated the loose deposit volumes in Gaojiagou Ravine before and after each of the four debris flows and the runout volumes, and analysed the triggering rainfall intensities, initiation mechanisms and runout characteristics of the four debris flows. The rainfall threshold for the debris flows in Gaojiagou Ravine increased over time, and the initiation mechanisms evolved from landslides to channel-bed failure, and subsequently to channel-bank erosion. The mobility of the debris flows decreased from 2010 to 2016 as the initiation positions moved lower and the particle size of the runout materials became coarser. © 2018
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flow; Earthquake; Landslide; Long-term evolution; Slope stability
INDEX KEYWORDS: Debris; Landslides; Long Term Evolution (LTE); Particle size; Rain; Slope protection; Slope stability; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Channel bed failure; Debris flow activities; Debris flows; Initiation mechanism; Rainfall intensity; Rainfall thresholds; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes; debris flow; earthquake epicenter; earthquake trigger; gully; landslide; rainfall; Sichuan earthquake 2008; slope stability; China; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Betts, Harley D., Geomorphic changes in a complex gully system measured from sequential digital elevation models, and implications for management, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 28, 10, pp. 1043-1058, (2003); 
Chang, Dongsheng, Field testing of erodibility of two landslide dams triggered by the 12 May Wenchuan earthquake, Landslides, 8, 3, pp. 321-332, (2011); 
Chin J Eng Geol, (2016); 
Chen, Hongxin, A physically-based distributed cell model for predicting regional rainfall-induced shallow slope failures, Engineering Geology, 176, pp. 79-92, (2014); 
Chen, Ningsheng, Impact of earthquake on debris flows - A case study on the wenchuan earthquake, Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami, 5, 5, pp. 493-508, (2011); 
Chen, Hongxin, Mechanisms and runout characteristics of the rainfall-triggered debris flow in Xiaojiagou in Sichuan Province, China, Natural Hazards, 62, 3, pp. 1037-1057, (2012); 
Chen, Hongxin, Evolution of debris flow properties and physical interactions in debris-flow mixtures in the Wenchuan earthquake zone, Engineering Geology, 182, PB, pp. 136-147, (2014); 
Chinese Debris Flow, (2000); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2008); 
Cui, Shenghua, On the initiation and movement mechanisms of a catastrophic landslide triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan (Ms 8.0) earthquake in the epicenter area, Landslides, 14, 3, pp. 805-819, (2017)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Shi, Z., Wei, F., Chandrasekar, V.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Shi, Zhao (35333140400); Wei, Fangqiang (14033564100); Chandrasekar, V. S.Ajay (57198080826)
35333140400; 14033564100; 57198080826
Radar-based quantitative precipitation estimation for the identification of debris flow occurrence over earthquake-affected regions in Sichuan, China
(2018) Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 18 (3), pp. 765 - 780, Cited 19 times.
DOI: 10.5194/nhess-18-765-2018
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85043383694&doi=10.5194%2Fnhess-18-765-2018&partnerID=40&md5=149a9f83364144fecef5996bad27d56d

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Chengdu, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Walter Scott, Jr. College of Engineering, Fort Collins, CO, United States; Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Sounding, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Both M<inf>s</inf> 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake on 12 May 2008 and M<inf>s</inf> 7.0 Lushan earthquake on 20 April 2013 occurred in the province of Sichuan, China. In the earthquake-affected mountainous area, a large amount of loose material caused a high occurrence of debris flow during the rainy season. In order to evaluate the rainfall intensity-duration (I-D) threshold of the debris flow in the earthquake-affected area, and to fill up the observational gaps caused by the relatively scarce and low-altitude deployment of rain gauges in this area, raw data from two S-band China New Generation Doppler Weather Radar (CINRAD) were captured for six rainfall events that triggered 519 debris flows between 2012 and 2014. Due to the challenges of radar quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) over mountainous areas, a series of improvement measures are considered: a hybrid scan mode, a vertical reflectivity profile (VPR) correction, a mosaic of reflectivity, a merged rainfall-reflectivity (R - Z) relationship for convective and stratiform rainfall, and rainfall bias adjustment with Kalman filter (KF). For validating rainfall accumulation over complex terrains, the study areas are divided into two kinds of regions by the height threshold of 1.5 km from the ground. Three kinds of radar rainfall estimates are compared with rain gauge measurements. It is observed that the normalized mean bias (NMB) is decreased by 39% and the fitted linear ratio between radar and rain gauge observation reaches at 0.98. Furthermore, the radar-based I-D threshold derived by the frequentist method is I = 10:1D-0:52 and is underestimated by uncorrected raw radar data. In order to verify the impacts on observations due to spatial variation, I-D thresholds are identified from the nearest rain gauge observations and radar observations at the rain gauge locations. It is found that both kinds of observations have similar I-D thresholds and likewise underestimate I-D thresholds due to undershooting at the core of convective rainfall. It is indicated that improvement of spatial resolution and measuring accuracy of radar observation will lead to the improvement of identifying debris flow occurrence, especially for events triggered by the strong small-scale rainfall process in the study area. © Author(s) 2018.
INDEX KEYWORDS: debris flow; estimation method; Lushan earthquake 2013; mountain region; precipitation intensity; quantitative analysis; radar; Sichuan earthquake 2008; China; Lushan [Sichuan]; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Kalman Filter Estimation of Radar Rainfall Field Bias, (1986); 
Aleotti, Pietro, A warning system for rainfall-induced shallow failures, Engineering Geology, 73, 3-4, pp. 247-265, (2004); 
Amburn, Steven A., VIL density as a hail indicator, Weather and Forecasting, 12, 3, pp. 473-501, (1997); 
Anagnostou, Emmanouil N., Real-time radar rainfall estimation. Part I: Algorithm formulation, Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 16, 2, pp. 189-197, (1999); 
Austin, P. M., Relations between measured radar reflectivity and surface rainfall, Monthly Weather Review, 115, 5, pp. 1053-1070, (1987); 
Baum, Rex L., Early warning of rainfall-induced shallow landslides and debris flows in the USA, Landslides, 7, 3, pp. 259-272, (2010); 
Berenguer, Marc, A fuzzy logic technique for identifying nonprecipitating echoes in radar scans, Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 23, 9, pp. 1157-1180, (2006); 
Berenguer, Marc, Debris-flow forecasting at regional scale by combining susceptibility mapping and radar rainfall, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 15, 3, pp. 587-602, (2015); 
Berne, Alexis, Radar for hydrology: Unfulfilled promise or unrecognized potential?, Advances in Water Resources, 51, pp. 357-366, (2013); 
Brunetti, Maria Teresa, Rainfall thresholds for the possible occurrence of landslides in Italy, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 10, 3, pp. 447-458, (2010)
PUBLISHER: Copernicus GmbH info@copernicus.org
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS; GREEN ACCEPTED OPEN ACCESS; GREEN OPEN ACCESS

Zhang, Y., Weng, W.G., Huang, Z.L.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhang, Yue (57286884300); Weng, Wenguo (21733887300); Huang, Zhongliang (57190745191)
57286884300; 21733887300; 57190745191
A scenario-based model for earthquake emergency management effectiveness evaluation
(2018) Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 128, pp. 197 - 207, Cited 59 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.techfore.2017.12.001
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85037653194&doi=10.1016%2Fj.techfore.2017.12.001&partnerID=40&md5=4eaecc238fdd27ad1a6fb03f6e585253

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Earthquakes usually produce a complex disaster chain including fires, landslides, floods, plague, and social panic, which eventually leads to disastrous consequences. In such situations, earthquake emergency management is vital for reducing the risks and the disastrous consequences. Scenario-based methods have often been used by decision makers in different fields as an instrument to manage the uncertainty of the effects of earthquakes. This paper adopts a scenario-based model to evaluate the effectiveness of earthquake emergency management. The model extracts the key elements of earthquake emergency management, simulates possible earthquake disaster scenarios, and obtains an evaluation according to the real situation. It is verified by comparing it with the real situation of the Wenchuan earthquake in China through scenario deduction and simulation. It shows that the scenario-based model can be used to reproduce the development process of an earthquake, identify the key factors which can effectively reduce earthquake losses and then help policy makers to have a better understanding of the earthquake disaster from which to put forward practical measures for emergency management. © 2017 Elsevier Inc.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Earthquake; Emergency management; Evaluation; Scenarios
INDEX KEYWORDS: Civil defense; Decision making; Disasters; Geophysics; Risk management; Development process; Earthquake disaster; Emergency management; Evaluation; Scenario-based methods; Scenario-based modeling; Scenarios; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes; earthquake damage; hazard management; modeling; Sichuan earthquake 2008; China
REFERENCES: Alizadeh, Reza, An integrated scenario-based robust planning approach for foresight and strategic management with application to energy industry, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 104, pp. 162-171, (2016); 
Antonioni, Giacomo, A methodology for the quantitative risk assessment of major accidents triggered by seismic events, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 147, 1-2, pp. 48-59, (2007); 
Avvenuti, Marco, Earthquake emergency management by social sensing, pp. 587-592, (2014); 
Baiocchi, Valerio, Remote sensing of urban microclimate change in L’Aquila city (Italy) after post-earthquake depopulation in an open source GIS environment, Sensors, 17, 2, (2017); 
Bañuls, Víctor A., A Scenario-Based Assessment Model-SBAM, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 74, 6, pp. 750-762, (2007); 
Bañuls, Víctor A., Clustering scenarios using cross-impact analysis, (2010); 
Bañuls, Víctor A., Collaborative scenario modeling in emergency management through cross-impact, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 80, 9, pp. 1756-1774, (2013); 
Barranco, Ignacio, Tsunami hazards in the Catalan Coast, a low-intensity seismic activity area, Natural Hazards, 88, 3, pp. 1273-1295, (2017); 
Bernardini, Gabriele, Dynamic guidance tool for a safer earthquake pedestrian evacuation in urban systems, Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 65, pp. 150-161, (2017); 
Carpenter, Stephen R., Scenarios for ecosystem services: An overview, Ecology and Society, 11, 1, (2006)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier Inc. usjcs@elsevier.com
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wang, D.-Y., Cui, G.-Y., Yuan, J.-X., Zhu, C.-A.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wang, Daoyuan (55983715500); Cui, Guangyao (30067499700); Yuan, Jinxiu (55982053800); Zhu, Chang'an (56719980800)
55983715500; 30067499700; 55982053800; 56719980800
Seismic damage mechanism and treatment technologies of construction landslide section of highway tunnels in highly seismic region 强震区隧道施工塌方段震害机理及处治技术研究
(2018) Yantu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 40 (2), pp. 353 - 359, Cited 8 times.
DOI: 10.11779/CJGE201802017
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85052965331&doi=10.11779%2FCJGE201802017&partnerID=40&md5=745fc4c78225ac765b6be219c717bdcd

AFFILIATIONS: School of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Department of Civil Engineering, Hebei Jiaotong Vocational and Technical College, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China; School of Civil Engineering, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China; School of Civil Engineering, North China University of Technology, Beijing, China; Sichuan Provincial Communications Department, Chengdu Aircraft Design and Research Institute, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: In the general section of highway tunnels, the seismic damage, which makes lining collapse, universally occurs in the construction landslide section during Wenchuan Earthquake. Based on the seismic damage survey data of the general section of highway tunnels, it is meaningful to analyze the seismic damage characteristics, seismic damage mechanism and treatment technologies of the construction landslide section of highway tunnels suffering intense earthquake. The seismic damage characteristics of the construction landslide section of highway tunnels in Wenchuan Earthquake regions reveal that the secondary linings in the construction landslide section of weak wall rock suffer collapse or even overall collapse in serious section. The seismic damage mechanism of the construction landslide section of highway tunnels is that the earthquake inertia force is significant and the forced displacement has small influence. After the measure of backfilled grouting and staggered construction joint in the landslide section of highway tunnels in the highly seismic region, the damping rates of the principal stresses and internal forces are all above 35%. It is shown that the processing is effective to the construction landslide section of highway tunnels to improve the anti-seismic capacity. The research results are of important singnificance to the anti-seismic technology in the communication of lifeline engineering in high-intensity earthquake moutainous areas. © 2018, Editorial Office of Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering. All right reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Construction landslide section; Highly seismic region; Seismic damage mechanism; Treatment technology; Tunnel
INDEX KEYWORDS: Landslides; Tunnel linings; Tunnels; Anti-seismic capacities; Construction joints; Highly seismic regions; Lifeline engineering; Seismic damage; Seismic damage survey; Treatment technologies; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes
REFERENCES: undefined, (2008); 
Investigation Detection and Evaluation of the Restoration and Reconstruction Project of Highways National and Provincial Trunk Roads in Disaster Areas Induced by Wenchuan Earthquake on May 12 2008, (2008); 
Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control, (2011); 
Cui, Guangyao, Study on different seismic intensities and earthquake damage to highway tunnels in Wenchuan area affected by earthquakes, Modern Tunnelling Technology, 51, 6, pp. 1-6, (2014); 
Zang, Wanjun, A fuzzy comprehensive evaluation of the seismic hazard rule and relevant risks for mountain tunnel bodies, Modern Tunnelling Technology, 51, 1, pp. 45-53, (2014); 
Cui, Guangyao, Seismic damage and mechanism of portal structure of highway tunnels in Wenchuan Earthquake, Yantu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 35, 6, pp. 1084-1091, (2013); 
Modern Tunnelling Technology, (2011); 
He, Chuan, Seismic damage mechanism of tunnels through fault zones, Yantu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 36, 3, pp. 427-434, (2014); 
undefined, (2009); 
Study on Numerical Simulation of Seismic Response of Tunnel in Fault Rupture Zone, (2009)
PUBLISHER: Chinese Society of Civil Engineering
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Pei, X., Cui, S., Huang, R.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Pei, Xiangjun (14058672500); Cui, Shenghua (56660242900); Huang, Runqiu (55835407700)
14058672500; 56660242900; 55835407700
A model of initiation of Daguangbao landslide: dynamic dilation and water hammer in sliding zone during strong seismic shaking
(2018) Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 37 (2), pp. 430 - 448, Cited 25 times.
DOI: 10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2016.0208
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85048581535&doi=10.13722%2Fj.cnki.jrme.2016.0208&partnerID=40&md5=37d0c24e639de2a49f710a431884fa21

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: Daguangbao landslide(DGB landslide) is the largest landslide triggered during Wenchuan earthquake 2008. It is also one of the most catastrophic landslides around the world during the past 100 a. DGB landslide is in the area of carbonate rock and about 5 km away from the seismogenic fault and 85 km from the epicenter. However, this landslide changed the landforms of a region about 10 km2 with a volume of 11.59×108 m3. Additionally, DGB landslide exposed a main scarp with an average height of 600 m(maximum height of 850 m), an open tension flank in the north with a length of 1. 5 km and a sliding surface in the south with a length of 1. 8 km. The river in front of DGB Mountain was filled up with a dam of 800 m in height. These incredible landslide features had attracted the wide concerns. Based on the previous studies and our observations in the past 7 years, the geology setting and earthquake-induced ground shaking were presented in detail in this paper. The distribution and properties of the 112 large-scale landslides triggered by Wenchuan earthquake were studied, and it was found that a bedding fault under Mt. DGB and the amplification of seismic ground motion in DGB area were the precondition of DGB landslide. Petrologic studies on the slip zone of DGB landslide microscopically were carried out and macroscopically and experimental investigation of the rock properties was performed. The results indicate that the rock mass of slip zone dilates during the earthquake. Site observation indicates that the dilatation of slip zone is resulted from the impact loading during the earthquake due to the amplification of seismic shaking. The shear strength of the materials in the slip zone was estimated. The results indicate that the reduction of shear strength due to rock fragmentation could not result in a sudden failure of DGB landslide. Recently, the ground water in Mt. DGB was investigated. The site evidence indicates that Mt. DGB has rich ground water with the well-developed vertical drainage before the earthquake. It is hypothesized that the vertical drainage is connected instantly during the earthquake, and that the ground water swarms into the dilated bedding fault which induces water hammer within this layer. A model of water hammer force in open tension crack was established, and the water hammer pressure was calculated. The results show that the maximum pressure is 20 MPa when the height of water head is assumed in a range of 70-360 m. It is concluded that water hammer pressure reduces the shear strength suddenly, and that the landslide is initiated with the high initial velocity. Finally, an improved model of DGB landslide mechanism was proposed. © 2018, Science Press. All right reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Daguangbao landslide; Dilatation; Earthquake induced landslide; Slip zone; Slope engineering; Water hammer
INDEX KEYWORDS: Drainage; Earthquake effects; Faulting; Groundwater; Landslides; Rock bursts; Rocks; Shear flow; Water hammer; Daguangbao landslides; Dilatation; Earthquake-induced landslides; Slip zones; Slope engineering; Slope protection
REFERENCES: Journal of Engineering Geology, (2013); 
Large Scale Landslides Induced by the Wenchuan Earthquake, (2009); 
Huang, Runqiu, Large-scale landslides and their sliding mechanisms in China since the 20th century, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 26, 3, pp. 433-454, (2007); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2010); 
Pei, Xiangjun, The rock mass cataclastic characteristics of daguangbao landslide and its engineering geological significance, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 34, pp. 3106-3115, (2015); 
Huang, Runqiu, Cataclastic characteristics and formation mechanism of rock mass in sliding zone of Daguangbao landslide, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 35, 1, pp. 1-15, (2016); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2008); 
Luo, Jing, Influencing factors for damage degree of shattered landslide rock mass under high seismic action, Yantu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 37, 6, pp. 1105-1114, (2015); 
Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, (2014); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2025)
PUBLISHER: Academia Sinica kjwang@public.wh.hb.cn
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Tang, Y., Zhang, Z., Wang, C., Zhang, H., Wu, F., Zhang, B., Liu, M.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Tang, Yixian (7404592033); Zhang, Zhengjia (56420833300); Wang, Chao (55141316100); Zhang, Hong (56179236500); Wu, Fan (57104120200); Zhang, Bo (57199725987); Liu, Meng (55743542100)
7404592033; 56420833300; 55141316100; 56179236500; 57104120200; 57199725987; 55743542100
The deformation analysis of Wenjiagou giant landslide by the distributed scatterer interferometry technique
(2018) Landslides, 15 (2), pp. 347 - 357, Cited 14 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s10346-017-0917-5
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85034669245&doi=10.1007%2Fs10346-017-0917-5&partnerID=40&md5=6a10b878d0f60868238a306358d1e989

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; Faculty of Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
ABSTRACT: After the deadly Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, the Wenjiagou landslide produced steep topography, a narrow gully and abundant loose sediments; these factors have contributed to the high debris flow risk in the Wenjiagou area during subsequent rainy seasons. At least five debris flows have occurred in the Wenjiagou area between September 24, 2008, and September 18, 2010, which resulted in seven casualties and an economic loss of approximately 446 million RMB. To reduce the risk of debris flows and landslides, the Wenjiagou Valley Debris Flow Control Project (WVDFCP), which cost over 2 billion RMB, was carried out and completed in 2011. The control measures of the project effectively reduced the scale and damage of the following debris flows. In this paper, the recent deformation of the giant landslide and its effect on the WVDFCP are evaluated by applying a time-series interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) technique based on distributed scatterers (DSs) to the Radardat-2 SAR data collected from June 2014 to September 2015. In addition, the experimental results show that most areas of the landslide are stable, with an average deformation rate of less than 5.0 mm/year. The results demonstrate that the control measures of the WVDFCP not only reduced the damage caused by the later debris flows but also contributed to the consolidation of the loose sediments in the Wenjiagou landslide area. The time-series InSAR technique based on the DSs of high-resolution SAR images is an important tool for deformation monitoring of earthquake-induced landslides. © 2017, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Distributed scatterer; Engineering measures; InSAR; Wenchuan earthquake; Wenjiagou landslide
INDEX KEYWORDS: Debris; Deformation; Earthquakes; Geophysics; Interferometry; Landslides; Losses; Time series; Deformation monitoring; Distributed scatterers; Earthquake-induced landslides; Engineering measures; InSAR; Interferometric synthetic aperture radars; Interferometry technique; Wenchuan Earthquake; Synthetic aperture radar; consolidation; debris flow; deformation; earthquake damage; economic analysis; landslide; radar interferometry; risk assessment; satellite imagery; Sichuan earthquake 2008; synthetic aperture radar
REFERENCES: Bonì, Roberta, Methodology for detection and interpretation of ground motion areas with the A-DinSAR time series analysis, Remote Sensing, 8, 8, (2016); 
Chen, Fulong, Detection of slope instability in Hong Kong based on multi-baseline differential SAR interferometry using alos palsar data, GIScience and Remote Sensing, 47, 2, pp. 208-220, (2010); 
Cigna, Francesca, How to assess landslide activity and intensity with Persistent Scatterer Interferometry (PSI): The PSI-based matrix approach, Landslides, 10, 3, pp. 267-283, (2013); 
Colesanti, Carlo, Investigating landslides with space-borne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) interferometry, Engineering Geology, 88, 3-4, pp. 173-199, (2006); 
Colesanti, Carlo, Monitoring landslides and tectonic motions with the Permanent Scatterers Technique, Engineering Geology, 68, 1-2, pp. 3-14, (2003); 
Cruden, David M., Landslide types and processes, Special Report - National Research Council, Transportation Research Board, 247, pp. 36-75, (1996); 
Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011); 
Ferretti, Alessandro, A new algorithm for processing interferometric data-stacks: SqueeSAR, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 49, 9, pp. 3460-3470, (2011); 
Fruneau, Bénédicte, Observation and modelling of the Saint-Étienne-de-Tinée landslide using SAR interferometry, Tectonophysics, 265, 3-4, pp. 181-190, (1996); 
Goel, Kanika, A distributed scatterer interferometry approach for precision monitoring of known surface deformation phenomena, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 52, 9, pp. 5454-5468, (2014)
PUBLISHER: Springer Verlag service@springer.de
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wang, J., Yang, S., Ou, G.-Q., Gong, Q., Yuan, S.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wang, Jun (57214696475); Yang, Shun (55235532800); Ou, Guoqiang (8891006800); Gong, Qinghua (56602260100); Yuan, Shaoxiong (36657835800)
57214696475; 55235532800; 8891006800; 56602260100; 36657835800
Debris flow hazard assessment by combining numerical simulation and land utilization
(2018) Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 77 (1), pp. 13 - 27, Cited 22 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s10064-017-1006-7
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85009834130&doi=10.1007%2Fs10064-017-1006-7&partnerID=40&md5=0191dbb4a9ec9154ea9e5f35fa761bc6

AFFILIATIONS: Guangzhou Institute of Geography, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangzhou Institute of Geography, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Technical Center for Geological Нazard Prevention and Control, CAGS, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Debris flow has caused serious human casualties and economic losses in the main earthquake-hit areas affected by the Wenchuan earthquake. As one of the important and effective means of non-engineering disaster mitigation, debris flow hazard assessment is a key issue for the sustainable economic and social development of earthquake-hit areas. This article illustrates a new method to quantify the debris flow hazard by combining debris flow simulated results with different land utilization within the influence area. The Guo Juanyan gully in Dujiangyan city, Sichuan province, China, located in the meizoseismal area of the Wenchuan earthquake, was selected as the study area. The rainfall characteristics, including the rainfall pattern and the 10-min, 1-h, and 24-h critical rainfalls, were fully explored first. Then, the numerical simulation method was applied as a modeling tool to simulate debris flow influence area and final buried depth under rainfall with different return periods. The simulated results under a 100-year return period rainfall were validated based on field measurements. Finally, the debris flow hazard maps under different return periods were overlapped by combining the simulated results and the types of land utilization. The proposed method can enhance the accuracy of debris flow hazard assessment and can be widely used for debris flow mitigation, which has important application value. © 2017, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flow; Hazard map; Land utilization; Numerical simulation; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Computer simulation; Debris; Disasters; Earthquakes; Geophysics; Losses; Numerical methods; Numerical models; Rain; Debris flow mitigation; Debris flows; Hazard map; Land utilization; Numerical simulation method; Rainfall characteristics; Sustainable economics; Wenchuan Earthquake; Hazards; debris flow; geological mapping; gully; hazard assessment; numerical method; rainfall; Sichuan earthquake 2008; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Armanini, Aronne, Two-dimensional simulation of debris flows in erodible channels, Computers and Geosciences, 35, 5, pp. 993-1006, (2009); 
Berti, Matteo, Experimental evidences and numerical modelling of debris flow initiated by channel runoff, Landslides, 2, 3, pp. 171-182, (2005); 
Chen, H., Numerical simulation of debris flows, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 37, 1, pp. 146-160, (2000); 
Chen, N. Sh, A rational method for estimating maximum discharge of a landslide-induced debris flow: A case study from southwestern China, Geomorphology, 84, 1-2, pp. 44-58, (2007); 
Chen, Chienchih, New entropy-based method for variables selection and its application to the debris-flow hazard assessment, Engineering Geology, 94, 1-2, pp. 19-26, (2007); 
Chen, Ningsheng, The critical rainfall characteristics for torrents and debris flows in the Wenchuan earthquake stricken area, Journal of Mountain Science, 6, 4, pp. 362-372, (2009); 
Chen, Xiaoqing, Engineering measures for debris flow hazard mitigation in the Wenchuan earthquake area, Engineering Geology, 194, pp. 73-85, (2015); 
Chen, Hongxin, A physically-based multi-hazard risk assessment platform for regional rainfall-induced slope failures and debris flows, Engineering Geology, 203, pp. 15-29, (2016); 
Chau, Kam Tim, Hazard assessment of debris flows for Leung King Estate of Hong Kong by incorporating GIS with numerical simulations, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 4, 1, pp. 103-116, (2004); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2008)
PUBLISHER: Springer Verlag service@springer.de
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Cui, F., Xu, Q., Yin, Y.-P., Hu, R.-L., Chen, Z.-J., Liu, W.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Cui, Fangpeng (24279638600); Xu, Qiang (56506033600); Yin, Yueping (59033207200); Hu, Ruilin (7202640738); Chen, Zijuan (57190075599); Liu, Wei (56796030000)
24279638600; 56506033600; 59033207200; 7202640738; 57190075599; 56796030000
Dynamic response of slope based on fracture mechanisms of strip-shape hypocenter
(2018) Yantu Lixue/Rock and Soil Mechanics, 39 (1), pp. 320 - 330, Cited 5 times.
DOI: 10.16285/j.rsm.2016.0799
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85046541265&doi=10.16285%2Fj.rsm.2016.0799&partnerID=40&md5=1eef42bb46d15dcc5b38c8b5657867f5

AFFILIATIONS: College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology, Beijing, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Department of Earth Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zurich, ZH, Switzerland; Geological Survey of China, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Engineering Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: According to the realistic damage characteristics of slopes on the seismogenic faults as well as the fracture mechanismss of the faults in the Wenchuan earthquake, a so-called strip-shape hypocenter is employed to assess the dynamic responses of the typical slopes. Furthermore, the strip-shape hypocenter can be divided into four stages in accordance with their spatial locations from the initial break to the end break of the seismogenic fault. These stages consist of the thrust fault hypocenter, the thrust and a bit strike-slip fault hypocenter, the thrust and strike-slip fault hypocenter and the strike-slip and a bit thrust fault hypocenter. Thus, the distinct element method is applied to simulate the dynamic response of the Daguangbao landslide on the Longmenshan seismogenic fault in Sichuan province in China. Then, the dynamic formation mechanism, the triggered main controlling factors, and dynamic characteristics of damage, collapse and accumulation are revealed. The results show that the critical damage of the slope is mainly caused by the thrust and a bit strike-slip fault hypocenter, by considering the location of the front end of the fault break and the formation time of the critical damage. While before the critical damage of the slope, its damage is induced by the thrust fault hypocenter between the initial break of the faults and Wenchuan county. The following processes of ejecting, colliding, crushing and accumulating are mainly triggered by the coupled inertia force and the gravitational force, which are also influenced at a certain degree by the above two kinds of hypocenters with respect to their fracture mechanisms. Before the critical damage, the whole slope underwent a positive horizontal distance towards its free face. Then, the slide bed begins a negative horizontal distance away from its free face with a continuous positive horizontal distance of the slide mass, which results in a critical separation between them. At the ejecting, colliding and crushing stage, the slide bed continues its negative horizontal displacement to an extreme limit, then a positive horizontal one and followed by its zero horizontal displacement. The vertical displacement at this stage is relatively small. The motion characteristics of the slide bed in this process is in accordance with that of the monitoring seismic data, for example, the acceleration, the velocity and the displacement. Meanwhile, the slide mass continues its positive displacement to a constant limit with a colliding, crushing, accumulating to self-stabilization process. As far as the mechanical factors are concerned, the horizontal seismic force formed by the single thrust fault hypocenter and the thrust and a bit strike-slip fault hypocenter provides a key contribution to the whole slope including the slide bed and the slide mass before the critical damage state. At the ejecting, colliding, crushing and accumulating stage, the dynamic responses of the slide mass is mainly influenced by the inertia force and the gravitational force. However, on the basis of a special topography, the horizontal and the vertical seismic forces from the following two hypocenters give their finite influences to the slide mass. © 2018, Science Press. All right reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: A strip shape hypocenter; Distinct element numerical modeling; Fracture mechanism; Slope dynamic response; Slope engineering
INDEX KEYWORDS: Crushing; Dynamic response; Dynamics; Earthquakes; Fracture; Gravitation; Slope protection; Strike-slip faults; Strip metal; Distinct element methods; Distinct elements; Fracture mechanisms; Horizontal seismic force; Main controlling factors; Self-stabilization process; Slope engineering; Strip shape; Fault slips
REFERENCES: Engineering Sciences, (2009); 
Chen, Houqun, Wenchuan Earthquake and seismic safety of large dams, Shuili Xuebao/Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 39, 10, pp. 1158-1167, (2008); 
Earthquake Induced Landslide Distribution Regularity and Hazard Assessment Method, (2014); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2014); 
Zhang, Yong, Spatio-temporal variation of the source mechanism of the 2008 great Wenchuan earthquake, Acta Geophysica Sinica, 52, 2, pp. 379-389, (2009); 
Yin, Yueping, Dynamic response characteristics of Daguangbao landslide triggered by Wenchuan earthquake, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 31, 10, pp. 1969-1982, (2012); 
Introduction of Seismic Geology and Landslide Hazard Triggered by Wenchuan Earthquake, (2009); 
Huang, Runqiu, The characteristics and failure mechanism of the largest landslide triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake, May 12, 2008, China, Landslides, 9, 1, pp. 131-142, (2012); 
Yin, Yueping, Catastrophic landslides associated with the M8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 70, 1, pp. 15-32, (2011); 
Yin, Yueping, Landslide hazards triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China, Landslides, 6, 2, pp. 139-152, (2009)
PUBLISHER: Academia Sinica kjwang@public.wh.hb.cn
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Shusong, L.I., Qiang, Z.O.U., Rong, C.H.E.N., Jianxi, T.A.N.G.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Shusong, L. I. (57222043577); Qiang, Z. O.U. (57222047243); Rong, C. H.E.N. (57222047245); Jianxi, T. A.N.G. (57222043734)
57222043577; 57222047243; 57222047245; 57222043734
Hazard assessment of debris flow in Bailong river basin
(2018) Science of Soil and Water Conservation, 16 (4), art. no. 2096-2673(2018)04-0083-06, pp. 83 - 88, Cited 1 times.
DOI: 10.16843/j.sswc.2018.04.011
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85101159215&doi=10.16843%2Fj.sswc.2018.04.011&partnerID=40&md5=64d251107ca83555fd88027c2f1ae8d3

AFFILIATIONS: School of Environment and Resource, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: [Background] Debris flow is a widely distributed geological hazard in the mountainous area, and the hazard assessment of debris flow is essential for its prediction, risk evaluation and prevention. The Wenchuan earthquake has disturbed the geological condition of southern Gansu province,which not only produced abundant loose material to new debris flow formation but also triggered the recurrences of some debris flows in idle. The Bailong River Basin is located in the South Gansu province, where severe debris flow occurred during the Wenchuan earthquake in 2008, thus it was selected for this study. [Methods] A watershed unit was taken as the evaluation unit, and the evaluation unit was determined using GIS technology with digital elevation model (DEM) data. A debris flow hazard assessment model at watershed鄄scale was proposed based on the gradient of debris flow gully, the scale of debris flow and the level of potential river blockage. By applying the proposed hazard assessment model for Bailong River Basin, the hazard degree of debris flow was obtained as 5 levels of very high, high, moderate, low, and very low, and a hazard map of debris flows was constructed for Bailong River Basin. [ Results] The assessment results indicated that there were 2 debris flows at very low hazardous level, accounting for 1. 3% of the total debris flows, 31 debris flows (20. 7%) at low level, 60 debris flows (40%) at moderate level, 19 debris flows (12. 7%) at high level, and 38 debris flows (25. 3%) at very high level. The 117 debris flow gullies were at the moderate hazardous level or above, accounting for 78% of 150 total gullies. Validated by the field investigation and historical debris flow events, the debris flows in Luojiayu, Sanyanyu, Yuzi, liangshui and Shimen gullies were at very high hazardous level, which was consistent with the assessment result. [ Conclusions ] It is scientific to take a watershed unit as evaluation unit because it can reflect the features of valleys, topography and landform conditions when debris flow occurs. On this basis, the assessment factors are selected from the debris flow energy, source and disaster degree to establish an index system for assessing the hazard of debris flow. Through field investigations, it is confirmed that the assessment results by model are consistent with the actual situation of debris flow, thus this model may be used to predict the occurrence of debris flow in the Bailong River Basin. © 2018, Editorial Board of Science of Soil and Water Conservation. All rights reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Bailong River Basin; Debris flow; Hazard assessment; Hydrological response unit
REFERENCES: Study on the Hazard Assessment of Debris Flow in Bailong River Basin Based on GIS D, (2010); 
Study on Fractal Characteristics of Debris Flow Disaster D, (2008); 
Lin, Jeng Wen, Kalman filter decision systems for debris flow hazard assessment, Natural Hazards, 60, 3, pp. 1255-1266, (2012); 
Fan, Linfeng, Linking rainfall-induced landslides with debris flows runout patterns towards catchment scale hazard assessment, Geomorphology, 280, pp. 1-15, (2017); 
Iverson, Richard M., Debris flows: Behaviour and hazard assessment, Geology Today, 30, 1, pp. 15-20, (2014); 
Chinese Science Bulletin, (2003); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2013); 
Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering, (2017); 
Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation, (2014); 
Guzzetti, Fausto, Landslide hazard evaluation: A review of current techniques and their application in a multi-scale study, Central Italy, Geomorphology, 31, 1-4, pp. 181-216, (1999)
PUBLISHER: Editorial Board of Science of Soil and Water Conservation
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zhou, L., Galasso, C., Yan, S., Xue, Z., Wang, Y., D’Ayala, D.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhou, L. (57216976885); Galasso, Carmine (26537243900); Yan, S. (57216978400); Xue, Z. (57216979950); Wang, Y. (57216982272); D’Ayala, Dina Francesca (57211644046)
57216976885; 26537243900; 57216978400; 57216979950; 57216982272; 57211644046
CROSSH: China resilience of schools to seismic hazard
(2018), 10, pp. 6468 - 6480, Cited 3 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85068751596&partnerID=40&md5=36c0fdd5465a1f35341f629a06ebc7d6

AFFILIATIONS: University College London, London, United Kingdom
ABSTRACT: The Comprehensive School Safety Framework (2017) is funded on three pillars: 'Safe Learning Facilities', 'School Disaster Management', and 'Risk Reduction and Resilience Education'. CROSSH, funded by the International Center for Collaborative Research on Disaster Risk Reduction (ICCRDRR), at Beijing Normal University, China, aimed at investigating how the three pillars underpinned the process of school infrastructure recovery post-2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China, which caused more than 5,000 school children deaths. The focus here is on Beichuan Qiang Autonomous County, Sichuan. When the M7.9 Wenchuan earthquake struck Sichuan on May 12, 2008, it caused the total or partial collapse of several schools: 1,200 of 2,600 students in the Beichuan Middle School died or were missing due to the building collapse; 500 students in the Beichuan Maoba Middle School died due to the landslides triggered by the earthquake. © © 2018 Earthquake Engineering Research Institute. All rights reserved.
INDEX KEYWORDS: Disaster prevention; Disasters; Earthquake engineering; Engineering geology; Patient rehabilitation; Building collapse; Collaborative research; Disaster management; Disaster risk reductions; Learning facilities; Risk reductions; Seismic hazards; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes
REFERENCES: 3 Rd U N World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction, (2015); 
Guardian, (2009); 
Zhang, Lulu, Emergency medical rescue efforts after a major earthquake: Lessons from the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, The Lancet, 379, 9818, pp. 853-861, (2012); 
State 12th Five Year Plan on Comprehensive Disaster Reduction 2011 2015, (2012); 
Code for Seismic Design of Buildings; 
Grant, Damian N., A prioritization scheme for seismic intervention in school buildings in Italy, Earthquake Spectra, 23, 2, pp. 291-314, (2007); 
Michel, Clotaire, Probabilistic mechanics-based loss scenarios for school buildings in Basel (Switzerland), Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 15, 4, pp. 1471-1496, (2017); 
Guidelines for Analytical Vulnerability Assessment of Low Mid Rise Buildings, (2015); 
Fema P 58 1 Seismic Performance Assessment of Buildings, (2012); 
Lindell, Michael K., Why people do what they do to protect against earthquake risk: Perceptions of hazard adjustment attributes, Risk Analysis, 29, 8, pp. 1072-1088, (2009)
PUBLISHER: Earthquake Engineering Research Institute
CONFERENCE NAME: 11th National Conference on Earthquake Engineering 2018: Integrating Science, Engineering, and Policy, NCEE 2018
CONFERENCE DATE: 2018-06-25 through 2018-06-29
CONFERENCE LOCATION: Los Angeles
CONFERENCE CODE: 159884
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Liao, F., Zheng, J., Zhao, T., Shi, C., Lang, D., Wang, W., Fu, Y., Ren, Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Liao, Feng (57193850377); Zheng, Jiangkun (36619960900); Zhao, Tingning (19934681100); Shi, Changqing (55631815100); Lang, Dengxiao (57193849791); Wang, Wenwu (57195965570); Fu, Yan (57209395897); Ren, Yuzhi (57209399371)
57193850377; 36619960900; 19934681100; 55631815100; 57193849791; 57195965570; 57209395897; 57209399371
Species diversity variation of Cupressus funebris secondary forest in landslide site after 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake
(2018) Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology, 24 (6), pp. 1404 - 1410, Cited 1 times.
DOI: 10.19675/j.cnki.1006-687x.2017.12046
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85067625793&doi=10.19675%2Fj.cnki.1006-687x.2017.12046&partnerID=40&md5=5feb57afbfea54e5fb2500e0c0c17a20

AFFILIATIONS: College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, China; School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: The characteristics of species diversity in Cupressus funebris secondary forest under the effect of geological hazard were explored by selecting the typical landslide surface of Fenghuang Mountain, Leigu Town, Beichuan County, which was derived from the 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake. The results showed that 93 species belonged to 42 families, and 78 genera were found in the landslide area, where the main families were Compositae, Leguminosae, and Gramineae-based. Further, 97 species in the transition area belonged to 39 families and 80 genera, and the main families were Compositae, Gramineae, and Rosaceae-based. In all, 108 species were recorded in the non-landslide area, which belonged to 59 families and 92 genera, the main families of which were Compositae, Rosaceae, and Gramineae-based. Compositae and Gramineae played important roles in the landslide recovery process after earthquake. The Pielou index (J<inf>SW</inf>) was the highest in the non-landslide area of the herb layer, whereas the richness index (D) was the lowest; the Shannon-Wiener index (H) and Simpson index (H') showed medium values. In the non-landslide area, the D, H, and H' were the highest in the shrub layer, whereas the J<inf>SW</inf> was the lowest. Further, the species diversity index of the transitional area was higher than that of the landslide area. In the tree layer, the D and H were both the highest and lowest in the landslide area and transition area, respectively. In contrast, the H' and J<inf>SW</inf> were the highest in the transition area and the lowest in the non-landslide area. The distribution of vegetation was generally consistent with the distribution of soil nutrients in the spatial distribution of surface soil nutrients. The succession of trees in the landslide area was relatively slow and at the initial stage, and the pioneer species were Coriaria nepalensis, Leptopus chinensis, and Arthraxon lanceolatus in this area. Taken together, the findings suggested that the stability of a plant community can be increased by improving the soil and stabilizing the slope. © 2018 Science Press. All rights reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Importance value; Landslide; Species diversity; Vegetation restoration; Wenchuan earthquake
REFERENCES: Resour Sci, (2013); 
Jin, Hui, Elevational changes in species diversity and similarity analysis of a Rhododendron chrysanthum community on Changbai Mountain, Shengtai Xuebao, 35, 1, pp. 125-133, (2015); 
Tilman, David G., Habitat destruction and the extinction debt, Nature, 371, 6492, pp. 65-66, (1994); 
Yuan, Wangjun, Plant’s diversity of different vegetation types, Shengtai Xuebao, 35, 14, pp. 4651-4657, (2015); 
Acta Botanica Boreali Occidentalia Sinica, (2014); 
Guo, Jinting, Classification of plant communities and species diversity responses to changes in the permafrost depths of the north slope of the great Khingan mountain valley of northeast China, Shengtai Xuebao, 36, 21, pp. 6834-6841, (2016); 
Niu, Liqin, Plant species diversities of tourism disturbed landscapes in Wutai Mountains, China, Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology, 18, 4, pp. 559-564, (2012); 
Zhao, Luling, Response of the umbrella bamboo (Fargseia robusta) towards disturbance of landslide in the Wenchuan Earthquake, Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology, 20, 3, pp. 462-467, (2014); 
Hao, Jianfeng, Effects of anthropogenic disturbances on the species diversity and niche of the dominant populations in a Castanopsis fargesii secondary forest community in Bifengxia, Sichuan, Shengtai Xuebao, 36, 23, pp. 7678-7688, (2016); 
Zhao, Qinghe, Plant species diversity and its response to environmental factors in typical river riparian zone in the middle and lower reaches of Yellow River, Chinese Journal of Ecology, 34, 5, pp. 1325-1331, (2015)
PUBLISHER: Science Press yanmh@neigae.ac.cn
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Dong, J., Xu, M., Wan, S., Xie, F., Wu, Q.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Dong, Jianhui (56037243900); Xu, Mo (7403607862); Wan, Shiming (54416701100); Xie, Feihong (8676148800); Wu, Qihong (35222829900)
56037243900; 7403607862; 54416701100; 8676148800; 35222829900
Stability analysis of accumulation body based on monitoring results of deep displacement
(2018) Instrumentation Mesure Metrologie, 17 (4), pp. 563 - 572, Cited 2 times.
DOI: 10.3166/I2M.17.563-572
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85061510960&doi=10.3166%2FI2M.17.563-572&partnerID=40&md5=153fabba206b58c0493f47e325e4cf35

AFFILIATIONS: School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: The stability of accumulation body commonly adopts a qualitative and quantitative analysis method, which considers the geological boundary conditions, calculation model and mechanical parameters of rock mass and so on This causes the stability results be limited, so it is unlikely to make a real-time quantitative evaluation on the accumulation body. This paper proposes a method which avoids these problems, and timely evaluates the accumulation stability based on the monitoring results in the process of the deformation development. It involves two parameters, i.e. The integrity index S(i) and the destructive index S(d), used to evaluate quantitatively the dynamic change of accumulation body when the progressive destroy occurs from the bottom up. Take talus in front of the dam of Zippingpu hydraulic project as an example, this method not only measures the S(i) and S(d) during movements of its reservoir water level, but also evaluates the impact of Wenchuan earthquake on the accumulation body. It is proved by an example that this method is convenient, practical and feasible. © 2018 Lavoisier.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Deformation of landslide in depth; Monitoring; Real-time quantitative assessment; Stability; Talus
INDEX KEYWORDS: Convergence of numerical methods; Deformation; Earthquakes; Monitoring; Reservoirs (water); Water levels; Geological boundary conditions; Mechanical parameters; Qualitative and quantitative analysis; Quantitative assessments; Quantitative evaluation; Reservoir water level; Talus; Wenchuan Earthquake; Stability
REFERENCES: Chen, H. Joanna, Slope failure characteristics and stabilization methods, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 44, 4, pp. 377-391, (2007); 
Chen, Zuyu, Three-dimensional limit equilibrium method for slope stability analysis, Yantu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 23, 5, (2001); 
Cheng, Hao, A novel displacement-based rigorous limit equilibrium method for three-dimensional landslide stability analysis, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 52, 12, pp. 2055-2066, (2015); 
Duncan, James Michael, State of the art: Limit equilibrium and finite-element analysis of slopes, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering - ASCE, 122, 7, pp. 577-596, (1996); 
Martha, Tapas Ranjan, Landslides triggered by the June 2013 extreme rainfall event in parts of Uttarakhand state, India, Landslides, 12, 1, pp. 135-146, (2015); 
Shi, Xuguo, Landslide stability evaluation using high-resolution satellite SAR data in the Three Gorges area, Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology, 49, 3, pp. 203-211, (2016); 
Song, Danqing, Stability Studies of Reservoir Landslide Under Reservoir Water Level Fluctuation, Dongbei Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Northeastern University, 38, 5, pp. 735-739, (2017); 
Sun, Guanhua, Huangtupo landslide stability under water level fluctuations of the Three Gorges reservoir, Landslides, 13, 5, pp. 1167-1179, (2016); 
Shaorui, Sun, Strength parameter identification and application of soil–rock mixture for steep-walled talus slopes in southwestern China, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 73, 1, pp. 123-140, (2014); 
Wang, Nianqin, Review of landslide stability analysis method, Advanced Materials Research, 1004-1005, pp. 1541-1546, (2014)
PUBLISHER: Lavoisier
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; BRONZE OPEN ACCESS

Zhao, T., Crosta, G.B., Xu, N.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhao, Tao (56367510100); Crosta, Giovanni Battista (7005690420); Xu, Nuwen (55607029500)
56367510100; 7005690420; 55607029500
Discrete element analyses of earthquake-induced landslide
(2018) Springer Series in Geomechanics and Geoengineering, pp. 1574 - 1578, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-97115-5_148
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85060531724&doi=10.1007%2F978-3-319-97115-5_148&partnerID=40&md5=cd6644236d0d334227605270f334143a

AFFILIATIONS: Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milan, MI, Italy
ABSTRACT: The discrete element method (DEM) has been employed to analyze the Tangjiashan landslide induced by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake. In the DEM model, the layered structure of the slope mass can be obtained by generating each sub-layer separately, with assigned different strength and stiffness properties. The bottom intact rock layer was initially bonded together with the basal failure plane to represent initially intact slope, and the site-recorded seismic shaking wave components are used as base excitations. The numerical results show that the slope mass can maintain a stable state under relatively low seismic shaking motions. As the seismic shaking intensity increases, the fractures/cracks occur and propagate gradually along the basal failure plane. The numerical simulations illustrate clearly the progressive failure and subsequent valley damming of the Tangjiashan landslide, from which some mechanisms of slope motion and deformation, as controlled by the complex layering geometries are presented. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2018.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Discrete element method; Fracture; Landslides; Layered structure; Seismic shaking
INDEX KEYWORDS: Earthquakes; Finite difference method; Fracture; Discrete element analysis; Discrete elements method; Earthquake-induced landslides; Failure plane; Layered Structures; Method model; Seismic shaking; Sub-layers; Tangjiashan landslides; Wenchuan Earthquake; Landslides; deformation; discrete element method; fracture; ground motion; landslide; layered medium; Sichuan earthquake 2008; slope failure; stiffness; strength
REFERENCES: Huang, Runqiu, Analysis of the geo-hazards triggered by the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake, China, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 68, 3, pp. 363-371, (2009); 
Xu, Qiang, Landslide dams triggered by the Wenchuan Earthquake, Sichuan Province, south west China, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 68, 3, pp. 373-386, (2009); 
Yin, Yueping, Landslide hazards triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China, Landslides, 6, 2, pp. 139-152, (2009); 
Cundall, Peter A., A discrete numerical model for granular assemblies, Geotechnique, 29, 1, pp. 47-65, (1979); 
Zhao, Tao, Investigation of rock fragmentation during rockfalls and rock avalanches via 3-D discrete element analyses, Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 122, 3, pp. 678-695, (2017)
PUBLISHER: Springer Verlag
CONFERENCE NAME: China-Europe Conference on Geotechnical Engineering, 2016
CONFERENCE DATE: 2016-08-13 through 2016-08-16
CONFERENCE LOCATION: Vienna
CONFERENCE CODE: 216849
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Sheng, M., Chu, R., Wei, Z., Bao, F., Guo, A.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Sheng, Minhan (57200382990); Chu, Risheng (35217483200); Wei, Zigen (35216466400); Bao, Feng (37664448200); Guo, Aizhi (55794912200)
57200382990; 35217483200; 35216466400; 37664448200; 55794912200
Study of microseismicity caused by Xishancun Landslide deformation in Li county, Sichuan Province 四川省理县西山村滑坡运动变形过程中的微震研究
(2018) Acta Geophysica Sinica, 61 (1), pp. 171 - 182, Cited 16 times.
DOI: 10.6038/cjg2018L0367
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85052055365&doi=10.6038%2Fcjg2018L0367&partnerID=40&md5=b833ef7f92d1be0a634ecb15c7cf0750

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geodesy and Earth's Dynamics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology,CAS, Wuhan, Hubei, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: The Xishancun Landslide is located in the Longmenshan Mountains where the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake occurred. The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake triggered a large number of landslides in this region. Since then, the Xishancun Landslide is continuously deforming. In order to monitor slidequakes generated by the slope movement and the internal fracturing of the rock mass and to understand slip and strain pattern of the landslide, a seismic network with 30 seismometers was deployed on the landslide in the autumn of 2015. Firstly, we distinguish signals of slidequakes from those generated by human activities and local earthquakes through their onsets and waveform characteristics. Then we use the sliding-window cross-correlation method based on waveform matching to identify other slidequakes. We find 96 slidequakes recorded by all seismometers. We relocate the slidequakes using a grid-search algorithm by minimizing travel-time residuals. 80 events are located on the foot of the landslide while the others are located on the head, which indicates that considerable energy is accumulated in the foot and head of the landslide. Besides large slidequakes, there are smaller events which are only recorded by a few nearby stations. These small slidequakes occur in middle part of the landslide where less energy is released. Based on the distribution of those slidequakes, we find four seismically unstable regions which agree well with distinct deformation areas obtained from borehole data. The distribution of those slidequakes might be related to the internal structure and the movement of the landslide, indicating that seismic method is a useful tool to monitor landslide deformation and a powerful complement to other means. © 2018, Science Press. All right reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Landslide internal deformation; Monitoring landslide deformation; Slidequake detection; Template matching
INDEX KEYWORDS: Earthquakes; Hydrogeology; Image segmentation; Jurassic; Miocene; Seismographs; Structural geology; Template matching; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Energy; Internal deformation; Landslide deformation; Landslide internal deformation; Matchings; Microseismicity; Monitoring landslide deformation; Sichuan province; Slidequake detection; Landslides; algorithm; deformation; earthquake trigger; fracture; landslide; monitoring; seismicity; seismograph; Sichuan earthquake 2008; slip; slope dynamics; strain; travel time; China; Longmen Mountains; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Cui, Peng, The Wenchuan Earthquake (May 12, 2008), Sichuan Province, China, and resulting geohazards, Natural Hazards, 56, 1, pp. 19-36, (2011); 
Seismology and Geology, (1994); 
Gomberg, Joan S., Seismic and geodetic signatures of fault slip at the Slumgullion Landslide Natural Laboratory, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 116, 9, (2011); 
Grigoli, Francesco, Automated seismic event location by waveform coherence analysis, Geophysical Journal International, 196, 3, pp. 1742-1753, (2014); 
Helmstetter, Agnès, Seismic monitoring of Schilienne rockslide (French Alps): Analysis of seismic signals and their correlation with rainfalls, Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 115, 3, (2010); 
Huang, Runqiu, Some catastrophic landslides since the twentieth century in the southwest of China, Landslides, 6, 1, pp. 69-81, (2009); 
Huang, Runqiu, The landslide story, Nature Geoscience, 6, 5, pp. 325-326, (2013); 
Kao, Honn, The Source-Scanning Algorithm: Mapping the distribution of seismic sources in time and space, Geophysical Journal International, 157, 2, pp. 589-594, (2004); 
Lacroix, Pascal, Location of seismic signals associated with microearthquakes and rockfalls on the Séchilienne landslide, French Alps, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 101, 1, pp. 341-353, (2011); 
Mainsant, Guénolé, Ambient seismic noise monitoring of a clay landslide: Toward failure prediction, Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 117, 1, (2012)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wang, L., Nishie, S., Uchimura, T., Huang, D.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wang, Lin (55721353300); Nishie, Shunsaku (6507401117); Uchimura, Taro (7007007474); Huang, Dong (36664555400)
55721353300; 6507401117; 7007007474; 36664555400
Distributed tilt sensors for an early warning monitoring of Earthquake-induced landslides and slope failures
(2018), 2018-March, pp. 347 - 353, Cited 2 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85049014814&partnerID=40&md5=f6d7d472f6aae057536e7885bfcf2471

AFFILIATIONS: Technology Centre, Chuo Kaihatsu Corporation, Tokyo, Japan; Saitama University, Saitama, Saitama, Japan; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: An early warning monitoring system is one of the most effective ways to reduce disasters induced by slope instabilities. The 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake that occurred in Sichuan province, China, induced more than 197, 000 slope failures and landslides. Otherwise, there are more than 270, 000 potential slope failures in Japan. To reduce vulnerability to such slope and landslide hazards, a low cost that compared to a traditional instrumentation of inclinometers and extensometer, and an effective early warning system becomes important. For this purpose, a new monitoring method of distributed tilt sensors developed by authors, was adopted by local government of Japan and China This is a newly simple multi-point method of monitoring landslides and slope failures, with the intention of developing an early-warning system. Surface tilt angles of a slope are monitored using this method, which incorporates a Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) tilt sensor and a volumetric water content sensor. This system was applied to many landslides and slopes in Japan and China recently. In several case studies, including a slope failure test conducted on a natural slope using artificial heavy rainfall, the system detected distinct tilt behavior in the slope in pre-failure stages. Based on these behaviors and a conservative approach, it is proposed that a precaution for slope failure be issued at a tilting rate of 0.01°/hr., and warning of slope failure issued at a rate of 0.1°/hr. (Uchimura et al.2015). The development of this system can occur at a significantly reduced cost compared with current and comparable monitoring methods. © 2018 China Communications Press Co. Ltd. All rights reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Early warning; Landslide; Slope failure
INDEX KEYWORDS: Cost reduction; Earthquakes; Geotechnical engineering; Landslides; MEMS; Monitoring; Rain; Conservative approaches; Early warning; Early Warning System; Earthquake-induced landslides; Micro electromechanical system (MEMS); Slope failure; Volumetric water content; Wenchuan Earthquake; Safety engineering
REFERENCES: Uchimura, Taro, Simple monitoring method for precaution of landslides watching tilting and water contents on slopes surface, Landslides, 7, 3, pp. 351-357, (2010); 
Uchimura, Taro, Precaution and early warning of surface failure of slopes using tilt sensors, Soils and Foundations, 55, 5, pp. 1086-1099, (2015); 
Chinese Journal of Engineering Geology, (2013)
PUBLISHER: China Communications Press Co., Ltd.
CONFERENCE NAME: 7th China-Japan Geotechnical Symposium: New Advances in Geotechnical Engineering, CJGS 2018
CONFERENCE DATE: 2018-03-16 through 2018-03-18
CONFERENCE LOCATION: Sanya
CONFERENCE CODE: 135696
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Lin, Q., Liu, Y., Liu, L., Wang, Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Lin, Qigen (57111276500); Liu, Yanyi (57672948300); Liu, Lianyou (7405254909); Wang, Ying (57112777300)
57111276500; 57672948300; 7405254909; 57112777300
Earthquake-triggered Landslide Susceptibility Assessment Based on Support Vector Machine Combined with Newmark Displacement Model 支持向量机与Newmark模型结合的地震滑坡易发性评估研究
(2017) Journal of Geo-Information Science, 19 (12), pp. 1623 - 1633, Cited 8 times.
DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1047.2017.01623
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85129771453&doi=10.3724%2FSP.J.1047.2017.01623&partnerID=40&md5=a98cc41834694fa862a2c9fff71e583c

AFFILIATIONS: Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: The Newmark displacement model is a common physically based model for earthquake induced landslide susceptibility mapping. The machine learning model is one of the statistical methods and is increasingly applied to landslide susceptibility mapping in recent years. The main purpose of this paper is to combine the Newmark displacement method with machine learning model for developing a mechanism-based earthquake-induced landslide susceptibility model and improving the predictive accuracy. The support vector machine (SVM) method was selected and eight thematic data layers, including landslide inventory, topographic relief, slope, curvature, Newmark displacement value, distance from faults, distance from drainages and distance from roads, were prepared in GIS. A total of 1, 900 landslides were subsequently randomly divided into two subsets: a training subset comprising 70% of the landslides and a validation subset containing the remaining 30%. The model is then applied to Wenchuan County, which was one of the most severely affected areas during the May 12, 2008 (Mw 7.9) Wenchuan earthquake in China. The model performance was evaluated using the receiver operation characteristic (ROC) curve and the model estimation uncertainty in comparison with the other two statistical methods: frequency ratio (FR) bivariate statistical model and the logistic regression (LR) multivariate statistical model. The results show that five variables including topographic relief, Newmark displacement value, distance from faults, distance from drainages and distance from roads are finally selected based on a significance level of 0.05 and the multi-collinearity detection. The values of the area under the ROC curve (AUC) demonstrate that the SVM model exhibited the highest accuracy for the training and validation data sets with AUC values of 0.876 and 0.851, respectively, followed by the LR model (AUC values of 0.836 and 0.842 for training and validation, respectively) and FR model (AUC values of 0.844 and 0.808 for training and validation, respectively). For the evaluation of the model prediction uncertainties, the pixels classified as high susceptibility (probability ≥ 0.75) and low susceptibility (probability < 0.25) are more valuable and practical, both of which have high reliability to determine whether the location is stable. The prediction variation is low for pixels classified as high susceptibility and low susceptibility (with an average of the standard deviation less than 0.05), indicating that the SVM and LR models consistently identified these pixels as stable or unstable. Furthermore, these high and low susceptibility pixels account for about 70% of all pixels for the SVM model, which is about 25% higher than that of LR model. It means that the SVM model performs better than the LR model in these high reliability pixels. For the pixels classified as intermediate susceptibility (probability 0.25 ~ 0.75), the standard deviation of the predictive probability of the SVM model is about 0.09, which is larger than that of the LR model. It indicates that the SVM model exhibited larger uncertainty than the LR model in these intermediate susceptibility pixels. However, it is difficult to determine whether these pixels are stable or not. Also, the pixels with intermediate susceptibility only account for about 30% of the total samples for the SVM model. In general, the SVM model combined with the Newmark displacement method outperform the LR model in accuracy and uncertainty evaluation. The proposed method was applied to produce the earthquake-triggered landslide susceptibility map of Wenchuan County. The comparison of landslide susceptibility map and actual landslide distribution showed that the high susceptibility areas can account for about 80.4% of the actual landslides. This indicates that the combination of support vector machine and the Newmark displacement method has a higher predictive value. The proposed method can potentially help risk assessment and effective management of landslides caused by earthquakes. © 2017, Science Press. All right reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Earthquake-triggered landslides; Landslide susceptibility assessment; Machine learning; Newmark displacement model; Support vector machine
REFERENCES: Keefer, David K., LANDSLIDES CAUSED BY EARTHQUAKES., Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 95, 4, pp. 406-421, (1984); 
Jibson, Randall W., Regression models for estimating coseismic landslide displacement, Engineering Geology, 91, 2-4, pp. 209-218, (2007); 
Xu, Chong, Three (nearly) complete inventories of landslides triggered by the May 12, 2008 Wenchuan Mw 7.9 earthquake of China and their spatial distribution statistical analysis, Landslides, 11, 3, pp. 441-461, (2014); 
Huang, Runqiu, Mechanism and geomechanical modes of landslide hazards triggered by Wenchuan 8.0 earthquake, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 28, 6, pp. 1239-1249, (2009); 
Yin, Yueping, Landslide hazards triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China, Landslides, 6, 2, pp. 139-152, (2009); 
Dai, Fuchu, Landslide risk assessment and management: An overview, Engineering Geology, 64, 1, pp. 65-87, (2002); 
Corominas, Jordi, Recommendations for the quantitative analysis of landslide risk, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 73, 2, pp. 209-263, (2014); 
Ayalew, Lulseged, Landslide susceptibility mapping using GIS-based weighted linear combination, the case in Tsugawa area of Agano River, Niigata Prefecture, Japan, Landslides, 1, 1, pp. 73-81, (2004); 
Kayastha, Prabin, Application of the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) for landslide susceptibility mapping: A case study from the Tinau watershed, west Nepal, Computers and Geosciences, 52, pp. 398-408, (2013); 
van den Eeckhaut, Miet, Comparison of two landslide susceptibility assessments in the Champagne-Ardenne region (France), Geomorphology, 115, 1-2, pp. 141-155, (2010)
PUBLISHER: Science Press
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Deng, C., Cao, Y., Xue, Z., Bo, X., Li, W., Yang, C.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Deng, Chuang (55982977500); Cao, Yongxing (36118558800); Xue, Zhihang (37038883900); Bo, Xianghang (57202714336); Li, Weile (25936551300); Yang, Chao (57202711956)
55982977500; 36118558800; 37038883900; 57202714336; 25936551300; 57202711956
Co-seismic landslide detection using ALOS satellite image in the Mianyuan River Basin, China
(2017), 2017-January, pp. 1353 - 1356, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.1109/ICCSN.2017.8230330
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85049075110&doi=10.1109%2FICCSN.2017.8230330&partnerID=40&md5=a589bd912491855cf8561fff2b04a80b

AFFILIATIONS: State Grid Corporation of China, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: Taking Mianyuan River Basin as case study, the co-seismic landslides were detected automatically using decision-making tree method on ALOS satellite imagery post the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. These landslides cover an area of 48.5km2. The distribution of landslides was dominated by the seismogenic fault. Furthermore, the lithology determined the type of landslides. Shallow disrupted falls were mainly located in the hard rocks such as magmatic rocks and dolomites, while deep seated landslides were likely to occur in the strata with rigid upper layer and soft lower layer. Moreover, most landslides occurred within the elevation range from 1000 to 2000 m above sea level. In addition, most landslides occurred in the slope gradient range from 25 to 55 degrees. Slope direction also affects the distribution of landslides. © 2017 IEEE.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: ALOS imagery; automatic detecting; decision-making tree; landslide
INDEX KEYWORDS: Decision making; Earthquakes; Forestry; Lithology; Satellite imagery; Sea level; Watersheds; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; ALOS imagery; Automatic detecting; Decision making tree; Deep seated landslide; Satellite images; Seismic landslides; Seismogenic faults; Landslides
REFERENCES: Bull Earthq Res Inst, (1951); 
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, (1971); 
Harp, Edwin L., Landslides triggered by the 1994 Northridge, California, earthquake, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 86, 1 SUPPL. B, pp. S319-S332, (1996); 
Harp, Edwin L., Landslides from the February 4, 1976, Guatemala earthquake., US Geological Survey Professional Paper, 1204 A, (1981); 
Harp, Edwin L., Landslide inventories: The essential part of seismic landslide hazard analyses, Engineering Geology, 122, 1-2, pp. 9-21, (2011); 
Proceedings of the Next Generation of Research on Earthquake Induced Landslides an International Conference in Commemoration of the 10th Anniversary of the Chi Chi Earthquake, (2009); 
Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011); 
Sato, Hiroshi P., Interpretation of earthquake-induced landslides triggered by the 12 May 2008, M7.9 Wenchuan earthquake in the Beichuan area, Sichuan Province, China using satellite imagery and Google Earth, Landslides, 6, 2, pp. 153-159, (2009); 
Kamp, Ulrich, GIS-based landslide susceptibility mapping for the 2005 Kashmir earthquake region, Geomorphology, 101, 4, pp. 631-642, (2008)
PUBLISHER: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
SPONSORS: 54th Institute, CETC, et al., Guangdong University of Technology, IEEE, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
CONFERENCE NAME: 9th IEEE International Conference on Communication Software and Networks, ICCSN 2017
CONFERENCE DATE: 2017-05-06 through 2017-05-08
CONFERENCE LOCATION: Guangzhou
CONFERENCE CODE: 133995
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wang, M., Liu, K., Yang, G., Xie, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wang, Ming (55732001400); Liu, Kai (56896481800); Yang, Guiling (59604215600); Xie, Jun (57705415700)
55732001400; 56896481800; 59604215600; 57705415700
Three-dimensional slope stability analysis using laser scanning and numerical simulation
(2017) Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk, 8 (2), pp. 997 - 1011, Cited 20 times.
DOI: 10.1080/19475705.2017.1290696
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85013478342&doi=10.1080%2F19475705.2017.1290696&partnerID=40&md5=182c11f32ba0c3afae756dff06d60135

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; Academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, Beijing, China; Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Detailed surface topography is important when analyzing the stability of slopes. Recent advances in new technologies such as interferometric synthetic aperture radar and light detection and ranging have allowed us to obtain high-precision profiles of distant landscapes and objects including detailed slope information for three-dimensional (3D) slope stability analysis. However, techniques of reconstructing 3D numerical models from scanned data of slope geometry have not been well investigated or tested. This paper proposes a comprehensive approach that integrates laser scanning and finite element method for slope stability analysis, particularly failure prediction under precipitation scenarios. The methodology is applied to a slope in the Wenchuan earthquake-stricken mountainous region that failed in 2013, triggered by severe rainfall. The modelling results show that the surface sampling resolution can affect the prediction accuracy of the potential failure zones. When constructing the slope model, the selected surface grid should be fine enough to capture the important topographic features of the slope while minimizing computation demand. This paper confirms that the proposed method can be successfully used to identify the potential failure zones of the investigated slope under severe rainfall conditions. © 2017 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: finite element; Landslide; laser scanning; numerical simulation; rainfall
INDEX KEYWORDS: Computer simulation; Earthquakes; Finite element method; Landslides; Laser applications; Numerical models; Optical radar; Rain; Scanning; Slope protection; Stability; Surface analysis; Surface topography; Synthetic aperture radar; Three dimensional computer graphics; Tracking radar; 3-d numerical models; Interferometric synthetic aperture radars; Laser scanning; Light detection and ranging; Slope stability analysis; Three-dimensional slope stability; Threedimensional (3d) slope stability; Topographic features; Slope stability
REFERENCES: Brideau, Marc André, Stability analysis of the 2007 Chehalis lake landslide based on long-range terrestrial photogrammetry and airborne LiDAR data, Landslides, 9, 1, pp. 75-91, (2012); 
Chen, Gang, Extraction and application analysis of landslide influential factors based on LiDAR DEM: a case study in the Three Gorges area, China, Natural Hazards, 74, 2, pp. 509-526, (2014); 
Ding, Yu, Remediation and analysis of kinematic behaviour of a roadway landslide in the upper Minjiang river, Southwest China, Environmental Geology, 58, 7, pp. 1521-1532, (2009); 
Du, Jiachong, 3D laser scanning and GPS technology for landslide earthwork volume estimation, Automation in Construction, 16, 5, pp. 657-663, (2007); 
Gerçek, Hasan, Poisson's ratio values for rocks, International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 44, 1, pp. 1-13, (2007); 
González-Díez, Alberto, Development of a methodological approach for the accurate measurement of slope changes due to landslides, using digital photogrammetry, Landslides, 11, 4, pp. 615-628, (2014); 
Hou, Longqing, Characteristic analysis of liquefied soil in Wenchuan earthquake, Yantu Lixue/Rock and Soil Mechanics, 32, 4, pp. 1119-1124, (2011); 
Hu, Hui, Numerical modeling of LiDAR-based geological model for landslide analysis, Automation in Construction, 24, pp. 184-193, (2012); 
Jaboyedoff, Michel, Use of LIDAR in landslide investigations: A review, Natural Hazards, 61, 1, pp. 5-28, (2012); 
Test Methods of Soils for Highway Engineering, (2007)
PUBLISHER: Taylor and Francis Ltd. michael.wagreich@univie.ac.at
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Cui, S., Pei, X., Wang, G., Huang, R.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Cui, Shenghua (56660242900); Pei, Xiangjun (14058672500); Wang, Gonghui (8532560900); Huang, Runqiu (55835407700)
56660242900; 14058672500; 8532560900; 55835407700
Initiation of a large landslide triggered by Wenchuan earthquake based on ring shear tests
(2017) Yantu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 39 (12), pp. 2268 - 2277, Cited 10 times.
DOI: 10.11779/CJGE201712016
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85045542444&doi=10.11779%2FCJGE201712016&partnerID=40&md5=a18cb0ae2b7fef4ccee1020421552796

AFFILIATIONS: Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
ABSTRACT: A great number of landslides were triggered during the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. Among them, the Niumiangou landslide is the large-scale landslide in the epicenter area. The site investigation shows that the landslide mass collides to the NE side of the valley immediately after initiation. The moving velocity estimated is 19.8 m/s, suggesting the characteristics of high initial velocity. The materials are taken from the source area and a series of ring-shear tests are conducted. The results show that the materials have a high liquefaction potential under undrained condition. They are easy to liquefy and the apparent friction angle is only 9.4° under undrained cyclic loading condition. The liquefaction of the materials in sliding zone during earthquake may cause the initiation with high velocity of Niumiangou landslide. Through an energy approach, the dissipated energy in cyclic loading tests and the possible energy dissipated to the soil layer in the slope by the earthquake are estimated. The peak acceleration for triggering sample failure is 192 gal, and the energy for sample liquefaction is 2.3×104 J/m2. It is inferred that the possible seismic energy that can be dissipated to initiate the slope failure on the source area can be much greater than the value required for the initiation of liquefaction failure. The slope instability might have been occurring several seconds after the arrival of seismic motion. © 2017, Editorial Office of Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering. All right reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: High-speed landslide; Initiation of landslide; Niumiangou landside; Ring shear test; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Cyclic loads; Energy dissipation; Landslides; Soil liquefaction; Soils; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Cyclic loading conditions; High speed landslide; Large-scale landslides; Liquefaction potentials; Niumiangou landside; Ring shear tests; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes
REFERENCES: Journal of Engineering Geology, (2008); 
Burchfiel, B. Clark, A geological and geophysical context for the Wenchuan earthquake of 12 May 2008, Sichuan, People's Republic of China, GSA Today, 18, 7, pp. 4-11, (2008); 
Li, Yiquan, Structural interpretation of the coseismic faults of the Wenchuan earthquake: Three-dimensional modeling of the Longmen Shan fold-and-thrust belt, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 115, 4, (2010); 
Görüm, Tolga, Distribution pattern of earthquake-induced landslides triggered by the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Geomorphology, 133, 3-4, pp. 152-167, (2011); 
Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011); 
Xu, Chong, Response rate of seismic slope mass movements related to 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake and its spatial distribution analysis, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 32, SUPPL.2, pp. 3888-3908, (2013); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2014); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2010); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2009); 
Dai, Fuchu, Rock avalanches triggered by oblique-thrusting during the 12 May 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Geomorphology, 132, 3-4, pp. 300-318, (2011)
PUBLISHER: Chinese Society of Civil Engineering
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Fan, X., Xu, Q., Van Westen, C.J., Huang, R., Tang, R.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Fan, Xuanmei (12752112800); Xu, Qiang (56506033600); Van Westen, Cees J. (6701664942); Huang, Runqiu (55835407700); Tang, Ran (25639104000)
12752112800; 56506033600; 6701664942; 55835407700; 25639104000
Characteristics and classification of landslide dams associated with the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake
(2017) Geoenvironmental Disasters, 4 (1), art. no. 12, Cited 64 times.
DOI: 10.1186/s40677-017-0079-8
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85042101472&doi=10.1186%2Fs40677-017-0079-8&partnerID=40&md5=bec0fca2f4795c0cf8798f135fe840cb

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation – ITC, Enschede, Overijssel, Netherlands
ABSTRACT: Background: Strong earthquakes are among the prime triggering factors of landslides, which may block rivers, forming landslide dams. Some of these dams may pose serious threats to people and property due to upstream inundation and downstream dam-breach flooding. Evaluating the stability and potential hazard of landslide dams is significant for the mitigation measures, but remains challenging. The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake (M <inf>w</inf> 7.9) in China triggered numerous landslides over a broad area, some of which dammed rivers, posing severe threats to downstream settlements. Our previous study created one of the most complete landslide dam inventories including detailed geomorphic parameters of 828 landslide dams induced by the Wenchuan earthquake. This paper presents the study of a number of representative landslide dams associated with the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. Results: The coseismic landslides were classified into rock/debris avalanches, debris flows, rock/debris slides and rock falls. According to dam composition material and sedimentological features, landslide dams were categorized into three types: dams mainly composed of large boulders and blocks; dams composed of unconsolidated fine debris; and dams with partly intact rock strata at the base topped by large boulders and blocks or soil with rock fragments, showing two-layered or three-layered depositional structure. This classification is linked to the typology of damming landslides and considered to be a preliminary indicator of dam stability. In addition, dam stability also largely depends on valley morphometry as well as landslide runout distance and mechanism. The post-earthquake debris flow damming events induced by subsequent rainfalls are also introduced. It was found that there is still a large amount of loose sediment remaining on the slope, which may continue promoting heavy debris flows and dams in the coming years or decades. Conclusions: The classification of landslide dams proposed in this study can be used as a preliminary indicator of dam stability. More reliable assessment requires a geotechnical approach taking into account a variety of dynamic loading scenarios, and also relies on knowledge about the accurate dam and barrier-lake geometry. There is still a large amount of loose sediment remaining on the slopes, which may be reactivated and remobilized during the heavy post-earthquake rainstorms. Therefore, predicting the post-earthquake debris flows and evaluating their potential for damming rivers are still of great concern and remain as a main challenge. © 2017, The Author(s).
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Classification; Landslide; Landslide dam; Stability; Wenchuan earthquake
REFERENCES: Alford, Donald, Lake Sarez, Pamir Mountains, Tajikistan: Mountain hazards and development assistance, Mountain Research and Development, 20, 1, pp. 20-23, (2000); 
Glissements De Terrain Proceedings of the Sixth International Symposium, (1992); 
Bouchon, Michel, Seismic response of a hill: The example of Tarzana, California, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 86, 1 SUPPL. A, pp. 66-72, (1996); 
Brune, James N., Shattered rock and precarious rock evidence for strong asymmetry in ground motions during thrust faulting, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 91, 3, pp. 441-447, (2001); 
Burchfiel, B. Clark, Tectonics of the Longmen Shan and Adjacent Regions, Central China, International Geology Review, 37, 8, pp. 661-735, (1995); 
Casagli, Nicola, Determining grain size distribution of the material composing landslide dams in the Northern Apennines: Sampling and processing methods, Engineering Geology, 69, 1-2, pp. 83-97, (2003); 
Chang, Kuo Jen, Post-seismic surface processes in the Jiufengershan landslide area, 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake epicentral zone, Taiwan, Engineering Geology, 86, 2-3, pp. 102-117, (2006); 
Chigira, Masahiro, Landslides induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China, Geomorphology, 118, 3-4, pp. 225-238, (2010); 
Costa, John E., FORMATION AND FAILURE OF NATURAL DAMS., Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 100, 7, pp. 1054-1068, (1988); 
Crosta, Giovanni Battista, Soil slips and debris flows on terraced slopes, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 3, 1-2, pp. 31-42, (2003)
PUBLISHER: Springer
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Tian, B., Wang, L.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Tian, Bingwei (24376970400); Wang, Ling (59088927700)
24376970400; 59088927700
Spatial-Temporal patterns of vagetation damage and recovery after the wenchuan earthquake
(2017) International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), 2017-July, art. no. 8128316, pp. 5759 - 5762, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.1109/IGARSS.2017.8128316
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85041847380&doi=10.1109%2FIGARSS.2017.8128316&partnerID=40&md5=8f5df2c66f938b31790255495d1026aa

AFFILIATIONS: Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction Sichuan, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory of Land Resources Evaluation and Monitoring in Southwest, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Spatial heterogeneity is a universal phenomenon that exits in ecological systems. In addition, it is one structural feature of ecological systems. Hence, quantification of spatial heterogeneity can examine structure of ecological systems. The Wenchuan earthquake triggered cascading disasters of landslides and debris flows that caused severe vegetation damage. Besides detecting the change, the magnitude of such change is also need to be examined. Remote sensing and geographic information system techniques were used to produce landscape maps before and after the earthquake and analyze the spatial-temporal change of vegetation pattern. Landscape metrics were selected to quantify spatial heterogeneity in categorical map in both class-level and landscape-level. Results reveal that the Wenchuan earthquake increased the heterogeneity seriously in the study area; it is obviously embodied in forests, which got the most fragmentation among all the landscape component types. © 2017 IEEE.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Earthquake; Landscape; Semivariogram; Spatial heterogeneity
REFERENCES: Li, Habin, A simulation experiment to quantify spatial heterogeneity in categorical maps, Ecology, 75, 8, pp. 2446-2455, (1994); 
Quantitative Methods in Landscape Ecology, (1991); 
Burrough, Peter A.B., Principles of geographical information systems for land resources assessment, Geocarto International, 1, 3, (1986); 
Garrigues, Sébastien, Quantifying spatial heterogeneity at the landscape scale using variogram models, Remote Sensing of Environment, 103, 1, pp. 81-96, (2006); 
O'Neill, Robert V., Indices of landscape pattern, Landscape Ecology, 1, 3, pp. 153-162, (1988); 
Ecological Heterogeneity, (1991); 
Illinois Natural History Survey Special Publication, (1984); 
Landscape Ecology, (1986); 
Brown, Daniel G., Predicting vegetation types at treeline using topography and biophysical disturbance variables, Journal of Vegetation Science, 5, 5, pp. 641-656, (1994); 
Computer Software Program, (2002)
PUBLISHER: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
SPONSORS: IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Society (GRSS)
CONFERENCE NAME: 37th Annual IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, IGARSS 2017
CONFERENCE DATE: 2017-07-23 through 2017-07-28
CONFERENCE LOCATION: Fort Worth
CONFERENCE CODE: 133497
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Chen, F., Yu, B., Xu, C., Li, B.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Chen, Fang (57441279900); Yu, Bo (57190156260); Xu, Chong (35184309900); Li, Bin (57129072400)
57441279900; 57190156260; 35184309900; 57129072400
Landslide detection using probability regression, a case study of Wenchuan, northwest of Chengdu
(2017) Applied Geography, 89, pp. 32 - 40, Cited 13 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.apgeog.2017.10.001
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85030703169&doi=10.1016%2Fj.apgeog.2017.10.001&partnerID=40&md5=49b738e7d76653e3d09db21bc61ac5d8

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; Hainan Key Laboratory of Earth Observation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Active Tectonics and Volcano, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Landslides have become one of the dominant disasters all around the world. Reliable and efficient landslide mapping is playing a significant role in landslide studies. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is little research on detecting multiple landslides simultaneously from images to stimulate practical cases. In this work, we propose a regression model to detect landslides and investigate its applicability in practical cases. It synthesizes contextual, spectral and geometric features. Among the test images, F-measure of landslide detection has a range between 0.771 and 0.998, validating its robustness and high efficiency. © 2017
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Landslide detection; Probability regression; Random forest; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: detection method; imaging method; landslide; mapping; probability; regression analysis; Sichuan earthquake 2008; Chengdu; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: undefined, (2015); 
Asia Pacific, (2008); 
Barlow, John, High spatial resolution satellite imagery, DEM derivatives, and image segmentation for the detection of mass wasting processes, Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, 72, 6, pp. 687-692, (2006); 
Blaschke, Thomas, Object based image analysis for remote sensing, ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 65, 1, pp. 2-16, (2010); 
Bosch, Anna, Image classification using random forests and ferns, Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, (2007); 
Breiman, Leo, Bagging predictors, Machine Learning, 24, 2, pp. 123-140, (1996); 
Proceedings of 6th International Workshop on Remote Sensing for Disaster Management Applications, (2008); 
undefined, (2011); 
Assessment of Existing and Potential Landslide Hazards Resulting from the April 25 2015 Gorkha Nepal Earthquake Sequence, (2015); 
Cutler, David Richard, Random forests for classification in ecology, Ecology, 88, 11, pp. 2783-2792, (2007)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier Ltd
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wang, W., Godard, V., Liu-Zeng, J., Scherler, D., Xu, C., Zhang, J., Xie, K., Bellier, O., Ansberque, C., de Sigoyer, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wang, Wei (57784674200); Godard, Vincent (8315760100); Liu-Zeng, Jing (55994333900); Scherler, Dirk (14052807300); Xu, Chong (35184309900); Zhang, Jinyu (57188731331); Xie, Kejia (25224381300); Bellier, Olivier (6701480690); Ansberque, Claire (56724222600); de Sigoyer, Julia (6507260279)
57784674200; 8315760100; 55994333900; 14052807300; 35184309900; 57188731331; 25224381300; 6701480690; 56724222600; 6507260279
Perturbation of fluvial sediment fluxes following the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake
(2017) Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 42 (15), pp. 2611 - 2622, Cited 60 times.
DOI: 10.1002/esp.4210
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85027888000&doi=10.1002%2Fesp.4210&partnerID=40&md5=3de07247696b937738a1030b1b14ebb4

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China; Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur, France; GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany; Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Berlin, Germany; First Team of Henan Provincial Non-ferrous Metals Geological and Mineral Resources Bureau, China; Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Grenoble, Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes, France
ABSTRACT: Quantifying the removal of co-seismic landslide material after a large-magnitude earthquake is central to our understanding of geomorphic recovery from seismic events and the topographic evolution of tectonically active mountain ranges. In order to gain more insight into the fluvial erosion response to co-seismic landslides, we focus on the sediment fluxes of rivers flowing through the rupture zone of the 2008 M<inf>w</inf> 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake in the Longmen Shan of the eastern Tibetan Plateau. Over the post-seismic period of 2008–2013, we annually collected river sediment samples (0.25–1 mm) at 19 locations and measured the concentration of cosmogenic 10Be in quartz. When compared with published pre-earthquake data, the 10Be concentrations declined dramatically after the earthquake at all sampling sites, but with significant spatial differences in the amplitude of this decrease, and were starting to increase toward pre-earthquake level in several basins over the 5-year survey. Our analysis shows that the amplitude of 10Be decrease is controlled by the amount of landslides directly connected to the river network. Calculations based on 10Be mixing budgets indicate that the sediment flux of the 0.25–1 mm size fraction increased up to sixfold following the Wenchuan earthquake. Our results also suggest that fluvial erosion became supply limited shortly after the earthquake, and predict that it could take a few years to several decades for fluvial sediment fluxes to go back to pre-earthquake characteristics, depending on catchment properties. We also estimate that it will take at least decades and possibly up to thousands of years to remove the co-seismic landslide materials from the catchments in the Longmen Shan. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. © © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: co-seismic landslides; cosmogenic nuclides; fluvial processes; Longmen Shan; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Budget control; Catchments; Erosion; Geophysics; Landslides; Rivers; Runoff; Sediments; Seismology; Cosmogenic nuclides; Fluvial process; Longmen Shan; Seismic landslides; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes; alluvial deposit; cosmogenic radionuclide; earthquake magnitude; erosion; fluvial process; landslide; mountain region; sediment transport; Sichuan earthquake 2008; China; Longmen Mountains; Qinghai-Xizang Plateau
REFERENCES: Anderson, Scott W., Exhumation by debris flows in the 2013 Colorado front range storm, Geology, 43, 5, pp. 391-394, (2015); 
Ansberque, Claire, Denudation pattern across the Longriba fault system and implications for the geomorphological evolution of the eastern Tibetan margin, Geomorphology, 246, pp. 542-557, (2015); 
Arne, Dennis C., Differential exhumation in response to episodic thrusting along the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, Tectonophysics, 280, 3-4, pp. 239-256, (1997); 
Arnold, Maurice, The French accelerator mass spectrometry facility ASTER: Improved performance and developments, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 268, 11-12, pp. 1954-1959, (2010); 
Avouac, Jean Philippe, MOUNTAIN BUILDING, EROSION, AND THE SEISMIC CYCLE IN THE NEPAL HIMALAYA, Advances in Geophysics, 46, C, pp. 1-80, (2003); 
Braucher, Régis, Production of cosmogenic radionuclides at great depth: A multi element approach, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 309, 1-2, pp. 1-9, (2011); 
Brown, Erik Thorson, Examination of surface exposure ages of Antarctic moraines using in situ produced 10Be and 26Al, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 55, 8, pp. 2269-2283, (1991); 
Brown, Erik Thorson, Denudation rates determined from the accumulation of in situ-produced 10Be in the luquillo experimental forest, Puerto Rico, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 129, 1-4, pp. 193-202, (1995); 
Burchfiel, B. Clark, Tectonics of the Longmen Shan and Adjacent Regions, Central China, International Geology Review, 37, 8, pp. 661-735, (1995); 
undefined, (2008)
PUBLISHER: John Wiley and Sons Ltd vgorayska@wiley.com Southern Gate Chichester, West Sussex PO19 8SQ
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Liu, F.Z., Xu, Q., Dong, X.J., Yu, B., Frost, J.D., Li, H.J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Liu, Fangzhou (56799398200); Xu, Qiang (56506033600); Dong, Xiujun (15758927100); Yu, Bin (37058094800); Frost, James David (15728987200); Li, Huajin (55774725300)
56799398200; 56506033600; 15758927100; 37058094800; 15728987200; 55774725300
Design and performance of a novel multi-function debris flow mitigation system in Wenjia Gully, Sichuan
(2017) Landslides, 14 (6), pp. 2089 - 2104, Cited 46 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s10346-017-0849-0
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85025802582&doi=10.1007%2Fs10346-017-0849-0&partnerID=40&md5=183c934f009b280891f89f3f3965557b

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; College of Engineering, Atlanta, GA, United States
ABSTRACT: The post-earthquake debris flows in the Wenjia Gully led to the exposure of the shortcomings in the design of the original conventional debris flow mitigation system. A predicament for the Wenjia mitigation system is a large amount of loose material (est. 50 × 106 m3) that has been deposited in the gully by the co-seismic landslide, providing abundant source material for debris flows under saturation. A novel design solution for the replacement mitigation system was proposed and constructed, and has exhibited excellent performance and resilience in subsequent debris flows. The design was governed by the three-phase philosophy of controlling water, sediment, and erosion. An Early Warning System (EWS) for debris flow that uses real-time field data was developed; it issues alerts based on the probabilistic and empirical correlations between rainfall and debris flows. This two-fold solution reduces energy of the debris flow by combining different mitigation measures while minimizing the impact through event forecasting and rapid public information sharing. Declines in the number and size of debris flows in the gully, with increased corresponding rainfall thresholds and mean rainfall intensity-duration (I-D) thresholds, indicate the high efficacy of the new mitigation system and a lowered debris flow susceptibility. This paper reports the design of the mitigation system and analyzes the characteristics of rainfall and debris flow events that occurred before and after implementation of the system; it evaluates the effectiveness of one of the most advanced debris flow mitigation systems in China. © 2017, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Co-seismic landslide; Debris flow; Early Warning System; Wenchuan Earthquake; Wenjia mitigation system
INDEX KEYWORDS: Earthquakes; Landforms; Landslides; Rain; Debris flows; Early Warning System; Mitigation systems; Seismic landslides; Wenchuan Earthquake; Debris; coseismic process; debris flow; early warning system; precipitation intensity; rainfall; seismic design; China; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Analisi Dei Debris Flow in Alcuni Bacini Campione Dell Alta Valle Di Susa, (1999); 
Caine, Nel, The rainfall intensity-duration control of shallow landslides and debris flows., Geografiska Annaler, Series A: Physical Geography, 62, 1-2, pp. 23-27, (1980); 
Proc 8th Int Symp on Landslides, (2000); 
California Geology, (1985); 
Debris Flow Hazards and Related Phenomena, (2005); 
Cannon, Susan H., Storm rainfall conditions for floods and debris flows from recently burned areas in southwestern Colorado and southern California, Geomorphology, 96, 3-4, pp. 250-269, (2008); 
Proceedings Interpraevent Int Symp Bern, (1992); 
Chen, Chienyuan, Rainfall duration and debris-flow initiated studies for real-time monitoring, Environmental Geology, 47, 5, pp. 715-724, (2005); 
Chen, Jinnchyi, Variability of impact of earthquake on debris-flow triggering conditions: Case study of Chen-Yu-Lan watershed, Taiwan, Environmental Earth Sciences, 64, 7, pp. 1787-1794, (2011); 
Chen, Jinnchyi, Characteristics of rainfall triggering of debris flows in the Chenyulan watershed, Taiwan, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 13, 4, pp. 1015-1023, (2013)
PUBLISHER: Springer Verlag service@springer.de
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Yang, Z., Shao, W., Qiao, J., Huang, D., Tian, H., Lei, X., Uchimura, T.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Yang, Zongji (24485723300); Shao, Wei (57653099800); Qiao, Jianping (24485090400); Huang, Dong (36664555400); Tian, Hongling (14520009600); Lei, XiaoQin (56368562800); Uchimura, Taro (7007007474)
24485723300; 57653099800; 24485090400; 36664555400; 14520009600; 56368562800; 7007007474
A multi-source earlywarning system of MEMS based wirelessmonitoring for rainfall-induced landslides
(2017) Applied Sciences (Switzerland), 7 (12), art. no. 1234, Cited 30 times.
DOI: 10.3390/app7121234
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85035765974&doi=10.3390%2Fapp7121234&partnerID=40&md5=b79267a5d8be027b6d6e1fced179156c

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; College of Hydrometeorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Saitama, Japan
ABSTRACT: Landslide monitoring and early warning systems are the most successful countermeasures to reduce fatalities and economic losses from landslide hazards. The traditional strategies such as GPS and extensometers are relatively expensive and difficult to be installed in steep, high mountains. In this study, a MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems) based multivariate wireless monitoring sensor unit was used to build a monitoring and early warning system for rainfall-triggered landslides, as one of the most practical and cost-effective countermeasures for hard-reached mountains. The multi-source wireless monitoring system and its well-developed equipment were tested in a landslide-prone slope to monitor the triggering of landslides and debris flows in the Wenchuan earthquake region, China. The variations of several state variables were observed, including the soil moisture content, soil matric suction, rainfall, inclination and ground vibration. The results of a slope stability analysis were benchmarked with the in situ measurements to identify the multivariate early warning parameters for rainfall-induced landslides. The proposed early warning system for the slope stability analysis can provide a more accurate prediction for rainfall-induced landslides and debris flows in earthquake hit regions. © 2017 by the authors.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Cost-effectiveequipment; Multivariate thresholds; Portable sensor unit; Rainfall-induced landslides; Wireless early warning system
REFERENCES: Arosio, Diego, Towards rockfall forecasting through observing deformations and listening to microseismic emissions, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 9, 4, pp. 1119-1131, (2009); 
Fan, Yongbo, Real-time monitoring instrument designed for the deformation and sliding period of colluvial landslides, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 76, 3, pp. 829-838, (2017); 
Segalini, Andrea, Automated inclinometer monitoring based on micro electro-mechanical system technology: Applications and verification, pp. 595-600, (2014); 
Pumo, Dario, The SESAMO early warning system for rainfall-triggered landslides, Journal of Hydroinformatics, 18, 2, pp. 256-276, (2016); 
Tang, Chuan, Rainfall-triggered debris flows following the Wenchuan earthquake, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 68, 2, pp. 187-194, (2009); 
Lu, Ning, Hillslope hydrology and stability, pp. 1-453, (2011); 
Godt, Jonathan W., Landsliding in partially saturated materials, Geophysical Research Letters, 36, 2, (2009); 
Iverson, Richard M., Landslide triggering by rain infiltration, Water Resources Research, 36, 7, pp. 1897-1910, (2000); 
Iverson, Richard M., Debris-flow mobilization from landslides, Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 25, pp. 85-138, (1997); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2011)
PUBLISHER: MDPI AG membranes@mdpi.com
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS; GREEN ACCEPTED OPEN ACCESS; GREEN OPEN ACCESS

Xu, Q., Li, W., Dong, X.J., Xiao, X., Fan, X., Pei, X.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Xu, Qiang (56506033600); Li, Weile (25936551300); Dong, Xiujun (15758927100); Xiao, Xianxuan (57193614182); Fan, Xuanmei (12752112800); Pei, Xiangjun (14058672500)
56506033600; 25936551300; 15758927100; 57193614182; 12752112800; 14058672500
The Xinmocun landslide on June 24, 2017 in Maoxian, Sichuan: characteristics and failure mechanism
(2017) Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 36 (11), pp. 2612 - 2628, Cited 118 times.
DOI: 10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2017.0855
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85045431398&doi=10.13722%2Fj.cnki.jrme.2017.0855&partnerID=40&md5=a2b99bf4135df7879db23f51f0b6d5e5

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: A large scale bedding landslide occurred in Xinmo village, Diexi town, Maoxian county, Sichuan at about 6:00 pm on June 24, 2017. The rock mass with the volume of 450×104 m3 destroyed the whole Xinmo village, resulted in the death of 10 people and missing of 73 people. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis on the dynamic process and failure mechanism of the landslide based on the site investigation, satellite remote-sensing(RS), Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV) photography, Ground Based Synthetic Aperture Radar (GBSAR) monitoring and other technologies. The preliminary study suggested that the rock masses of the source area were shattered and tension cracks were formed due to the shaking of the Diexi Earthquake in 1993. The shattered rock masses suffered from the subsequent strong earthquakes(such as 1976 Pingwu Earthquake and 2008 Wenchuan earthquake) and long-term effects of gravity and rainfall, which eventually resulted in the failure of the rock masses. The movement of the landslide lasted for 2 minutes in which the main landslide lasted for only 60 seconds with the runout of 2.6 km and the maximum speed of 74.6 m/s, a typical high speed and long runout landslide-debris flow. Because of the characteristics of high position and high concealment, this kind landslide is difficult to be detected with the traditional investigation methods. It is suggested that the high accuracy Earth Observation Technology(such as InSAR, LiDAR, UAV) should be promoted and applied to detect and prevent such high concealed landslides at high position in southwestern mountain areas. © 2017, Science Press. All right reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Concealment; Early detection; Earth observation technique; High position landslide; Potential geohazard; Slope engineering; Xinmocun landslide
INDEX KEYWORDS: Antennas; Earthquakes; Failure (mechanical); Gravitation; Landslides; Observatories; Optical radar; Remote sensing; Rock mechanics; Rocks; Rural areas; Synthetic aperture radar; Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV); 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Concealment; Earth observation techniques; Earth Observation Technology; Geo hazards; Ground-based synthetic aperture radars; Satellite remote sensing; Slope engineering; Slope protection
REFERENCES: Earthquake Research in China, (1991); 
Catastrophic Landslide in China, (2009); 
Emergency Investigation Assessment Report of the 6·24 Landslide in Songpinggou, (2017); 
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Seismological Geomagnetic Observation and Research, (2015); 
Brideau, Marc André, Stability analysis of the 2007 Chehalis lake landslide based on long-range terrestrial photogrammetry and airborne LiDAR data, Landslides, 9, 1, pp. 75-91, (2012); 
Jaboyedoff, Michel, Use of LIDAR in landslide investigations: A review, Natural Hazards, 61, 1, pp. 5-28, (2012); 
Monserrat, Oriol, Non-interferometric GB-SAR measurement: Application to the Vallcebre landslide (eastern Pyrenees, Spain), Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 13, 7, pp. 1873-1887, (2013); 
undefined, (2017)
PUBLISHER: Academia Sinica kjwang@public.wh.hb.cn
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Lu, Y., Liu, K., Wang, L., Wei, L., Li, S.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Lu, Yuxia (36562024100); Liu, Kun (55573874600); Wang, Liang (57208673699); Wei, Lai (57200410238); Li, Shaohua (57200407812)
36562024100; 55573874600; 57208673699; 57200410238; 57200407812
Site effect of unconsolidated soil hill based on seismic array records
(2017) Acta Seismologica Sinica, 39 (6), pp. 941 - 954, Cited 5 times.
DOI: 10.11939/jass.2017.06.012
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85041199576&doi=10.11939%2Fjass.2017.06.012&partnerID=40&md5=5b3e1802096add6ba95a6d27a344a146

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Loess Earthquake Engineering, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing, China; Lanzhou Institute of Seismology, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing, China; Geotechnical Disaster Prevention Engineering Technology Research Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
ABSTRACT: Following the 2008 M<inf>S</inf>8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, a topographical array including four digital seismograph stations was installed along Shangcheng hill, Wenxian, Gansu Province, which is a piedmont diluvial terrace about 50-m high and made up of Quaternary silty clay and gravelly soil with thin layer of coarse sand. One of the stations was installed at a rock cave in northeastern Shangcheng hill, and the other three stations were respectively installed at the foot of the hill, hill slope and hill top. From May 25 to August 7, 2008, a series of aftershocks of Wenchuan M<inf>S</inf>8.0 earthquake occurred, but only twelve events (M<inf>S</inf>≥4.0) were recorded at three of the four stations at least. In this study, seismic response of each station is evaluated as a function of frequency by reference site spectral ratio (RSSR) method and single-station horizontal to vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) based on all shear waves from the twelve earthquake events. The analyses lead to the conclusions that: (1) with the elevation climbing and soil thickening, the PGAs of the twelve events increase and the broadband seismic spectra gradually narrow to the characteristic frequency band; (2) dynamic amplification of Shangcheng hill occurs in both topographic characteristic frequency band (2-4 Hz) and shallow stratigraphic fundamental frequency band (7-9 Hz)in horizontal direction, while amplification caused by the soil stratigraphy near surface is comparatively more obvious than that by the topography in NS at hill top; (3) in medium-high frequency band, the spectral ratio from HVSR method is much lower than that from RSSR method due to the amplitude of seismic waves in vertical direction. The characteristics of seismic array records of the unconsolidated soil hill give expression to the combined effect of topography and soil stratigraphy, and reveal the reasons for the aggravation of structural damage and the concentration of seismic landslide on topographic site in strong ground motion zone. © 2017, Acta Seismologica Sinica Press. All right reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Combined effect of topography and stratigraphy; Ground motion; Horizontal to vertical spectral ratio (HVSR); Reference site spectral ratio (RSSR); Seismic array records
INDEX KEYWORDS: aftershock; broadband data; earthquake magnitude; landslide; seismic response; seismic stratigraphy; seismograph; Sichuan earthquake 2008; site effect; soil mechanics; strong motion; topographic effect; unconsolidated medium; China; Henan; Shangcheng
REFERENCES: China Earthquake Engineering Journal, (2015); 
Hua, Wei, Estimation of site responses for temporary stations using various methods, Earthquake, 30, 3, pp. 30-44, (2010); 
Li, Xiaobo, Effect of bedrock terrain on seismic ground motion, Yantu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 39, 3, pp. 460-468, (2017); 
Li, Xiaojun, Adjustment of seismic ground motion parameters considering site effects in seismic zonation map, Yantu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 35, SUPPL.2, pp. 21-29, (2013); 
Li, Yusheng, Earthquake damage effects of towns and reconstruction site selection in Wenchuan earthquake on may 12, 2008, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 28, 7, pp. 1370-1376, (2009); 
Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, (1981); 
Liu, Jiamei, On the correlation of ground motion parameters with slope stability incorporating topographic effects, Acta Seismologica Sinica, 37, 5, pp. 865-874, (2015); 
China Earthquake Engineering Journal, (2014); 
Rong, Mianshui, Applicability of HVSR in analysis of site-effects caused by earthquakes, Acta Geophysica Sinica, 59, 8, pp. 2878-2891, (2016); 
Northwestern Seismological Journal, (2009)
PUBLISHER: Acta Seismologica Sinica Press dzxb79@126.com
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Yang, Z., Qiao, J., Huang, D., Uchimura, T., Wang, L.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Yang, Zongji (24485723300); Qiao, Jianping (24485090400); Huang, Dong (36664555400); Uchimura, Taro (7007007474); Wang, Lin (55721353300)
24485723300; 24485090400; 36664555400; 7007007474; 55721353300
Experimental identification on thresholds for early warning of rainfall-induced failure on fractured slopes after giant earthquake
(2017) Sains Malaysiana, 46 (11), pp. 2029 - 2034, Cited 2 times.
DOI: 10.17576/jsm-2017-4611-02
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85040230755&doi=10.17576%2Fjsm-2017-4611-02&partnerID=40&md5=0bc3d0772f5417312657234be18bf74b

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Chuo Kaihatsu Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
ABSTRACT: Prevention and mitigation of rainfall induced geological hazards after the Ms=8 Wenchuan earthquake on May 12th, 2008 were significant for rebuild of earthquake hit regions. After the Wenchuan earthquake, there were tens of thousands of fractured slopes which were broken and loosened by the ground shaking, they were very susceptible to heavy rainfall and change forms into potential debris flows. In order to carry out this disaster reduction and prediction effectively in Longmenshan region, careful real-Time monitoring and pre-warning of mountain hazards in both regional and site-specific scales is reasonable as alternatives in Wenchuan earthquake regions. For pre-warning the failure of fractured slopes induced by rainfall, the threshold value or the critical value of the precipitation of hazards should be proposed. However, the identification of critical criterion and parameters to pre-warning is the most difficult issue in mountainous hazards monitoring and pre-warning system especially in the elusive and massive fractured slopes widespread in Wenchuan earthquake regions. In this study, a natural coseismic fractured landslide in the Taziping village, Hongkou County, Dujianyan City, was selected to conduct the field experimental test, in order to identify the threshold parameters and critical criterion of the fractured slopes of Taziping. After the field experimental test, the correlation of rainfall intensity, rainfall duration and rainfall intensity was investigated. The field experimental test was capable of identifying the threshold factors for failure of rainfall-induced fractured slopes after the giant earthquake.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Fractured slopes; Giant earthquake; Rainfall induced; Threshold factors
INDEX KEYWORDS: debris flow; early warning system; fracture; ground motion; precipitation intensity; rainfall; Sichuan earthquake 2008; slope failure; threshold; China; Dujiangyan; Longmen Mountains; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Hayat, Tasawar, MHD mixed convection peristaltic flow with variable viscosity and thermal conductivity, Sains Malaysiana, 43, 10, pp. 1583-1590, (2014); 
Huang, Chingchuan, Experimental investigation of rainfall criteria for shallow slope failures, Geomorphology, 120, 3-4, pp. 326-338, (2010); 
Huang, Dong, Research and application of landslide real-time monitoring system based on unsaturated soil mechanics, Disaster Advances, 3, 4, pp. 99-104, (2010); 
Malaysian Journal of Geosciences, (2017); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2009); 
Geological Behavior, (2017); 
Tian, Hongling, Benefit-cost analysis of geological disaster mitigation and example1, Disaster Advances, 3, 4, pp. 163-165, (2010); 
Proceedings of Indian Geotechnical Conference, (2011); 
Proceedings of the Second World Landslide Forum, (2011); 
Uchimura, Taro, Simple monitoring method for precaution of landslides watching tilting and water contents on slopes surface, Landslides, 7, 3, pp. 351-357, (2010)
PUBLISHER: Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia penerbit@ukm.my
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Lin, Y., Deng, H., Du, K., Rafay, L., Zhang, G.-S., Li, J., Chen, C., Wu, C., Lin, H., Yu, W., Fan, H., Ge, Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Lin, Yongming (8869314500); Deng, Haojun (56344817000); Du, Kun (57219672733); Rafay, Loretta (57194057189); Zhang, Guangshuai (59813743300); Li, Jian (47161257300); Chen, Can (9735036200); Wu, Chengzhen (8869314100); Lin, Han (55927694100); Yu, Wei (55543222600); Fan, Hailan (17343258800); Ge, Yonggang (26039083000)
8869314500; 56344817000; 57219672733; 57194057189; 59813743300; 47161257300; 9735036200; 8869314100; 55927694100; 55543222600; 17343258800; 26039083000
Combined effects of climate, restoration measures and slope position in change in soil chemical properties and nutrient loss across lands affected by the Wenchuan Earthquake in China
(2017) Science of the Total Environment, 596-597, pp. 274 - 283, Cited 32 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.04.034
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85018487475&doi=10.1016%2Fj.scitotenv.2017.04.034&partnerID=40&md5=15b9fa987dbb470760d4408e926dc1a5

AFFILIATIONS: College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; College of Ecology and Resources Engineering, Wuyi University, Wuyishan, Fujian, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: The MS 8.0Wenchuan Earthquake in 2008 caused huge damage to land cover in the northwest of China's Sichuan province. In order to determine the nutrient loss and short term characteristics of change in soil chemical properties, we established an experiment with three treatments (‘undestroyed’, ‘destroyed and treated’, and ‘destroyed and untreated’), two climate types (semi-arid hot climate and subtropical monsoon climate), and three slope positions (upslope, mid-slope, and bottom-slope) in 2011. Ten soil properties—including pH, organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, Ca2 +, Mg2 +, alkaline hydrolysable nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium—were measured in surface soil samples in December 2014. Analyses were performed to compare the characteristics of 3-year change in soil chemical properties in two climate zones. This study revealed that soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, Ca2 + content, alkaline hydrolysable nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium were significantly higher in subtropical monsoon climate zones than in semi-arid hot climate zones. However, subtropical monsoon climate zones had a higher decrease in soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, and alkaline hydrolysable nitrogen in ‘destroyed and untreated’ sites than in semi-arid hot climate zones. Most soil chemical properties exhibited significant interactions, indicating that they may degrade or develop concomitantly. ‘Destroyed and treated’ sites in both climate types had lower C:P and N:P ratios than ‘destroyed and untreated’ sites. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the first, second, and third principal components explained 76.53% of the variation and might be interpreted as structural integrity, nutrient supply availability, and efficiency of soil; the difference of soil parent material; as well as weathering and leaching effects. Our study indicated that the characteristics of short term change in soil properties were affected by climate types and treatments, but not slope positions. Our results provide useful information for the selection of restoration countermeasures in different climate types to facilitate ecological restoration and reconstruction strategies in earthquake-affected areas. © 2017 Elsevier B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Characteristics of change; Different climate types; Slope positions; Soil chemical properties; Treatments; Wenchuan Earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Alkalinity; Atmospheric thermodynamics; Calcium; Chemical analysis; Chemical properties; Earthquakes; Geophysics; Nitrogen; Nutrients; Organic carbon; Phosphorus; Potassium; Principal component analysis; Restoration; Soil testing; Soils; Tropics; Characteristics of change; Different climate types; Slope positions; Soil chemical property; Treatments; Wenchuan Earthquake; Climate change; alkaline hydrolysable nitrogen; calcium ion; magnesium ion; nitrogen; organic carbon; phosphorus; potassium; unclassified drug; chemical property; climate effect; environmental restoration; nutrient loss; Sichuan earthquake 2008; slope; soil chemistry; Article; China; climate; earthquake; ecosystem restoration; geographic and geological phenomena; land use; leaching; nutrient availability; semiarid climate; slope position; soil acidity; soil analysis; soil change; soil degradation; soil property; surface soil; tropic climate; weathering
CHEMICALS/CAS: calcium ion, 14127-61-8; magnesium ion, 22537-22-0; nitrogen, 7727-37-9; phosphorus, 7723-14-0; potassium, 7440-09-7
REFERENCES: Allen, Robert B., Immediate damage by an earthquake to a temperate montane forest, Ecology, 80, 2, pp. 708-714, (1999); 
Proceedings of 12th Isco Conference Sustainable Utilization of Global Soil and Water Resources, (2002); 
Bull Chin Acad Sci, (2008); 
Campbell, B. D., A comparative study of plant responsiveness to the duration of episodes of mineral nutrient enrichment, New Phytologist, 112, 2, pp. 261-267, (1989); 
Chang, Dongsheng, Field testing of erodibility of two landslide dams triggered by the 12 May Wenchuan earthquake, Landslides, 8, 3, pp. 321-332, (2011); 
Cheng, Song, Impacts of Wenchuan Earthquake-induced landslides on soil physical properties and tree growth, Ecological Indicators, 15, 1, pp. 263-270, (2012); 
Historic Earthquakes within 200 km of Wenchuan Since 1933, (2008); 
Cleveland, Cory C., C:N:P stoichiometry in soil: Is there a "Redfield ratio" for the microbial biomass?, Biogeochemistry, 85, 3, pp. 235-252, (2007); 
Cui, Peng, Characteristics and countermeasures of debris flow in Wenchuan area after the earthquake, Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 42, 5, pp. 10-19, (2010); 
Cui, Peng, The Wenchuan Earthquake (May 12, 2008), Sichuan Province, China, and resulting geohazards, Natural Hazards, 56, 1, pp. 19-36, (2011)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Yin, Y., Wang, W., Zhang, N., Yan, J., Wei, Y., Yang, L.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Yin, Yueping (55687306100); Wang, Wenpei (36912851700); Zhang, Nan (56997997400); Yan, Jingkai (57225904763); Wei, Yunjie (57191416888); Yang, Longwei (57188700649)
55687306100; 36912851700; 56997997400; 57225904763; 57191416888; 57188700649
Long runout geological disaster initiated by the ridge-top rockslide in a strong earthquake area: A case study of the Xinmo landslide in Maoxian County, Sichuan Province
(2017) Geology in China, 44 (5), pp. 827 - 841, Cited 79 times.
DOI: 10.12029/gc20170501
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85044117857&doi=10.12029%2Fgc20170501&partnerID=40&md5=992878946f8b3ff4ef05000d5176fc41

AFFILIATIONS: China Institute of Geo-Environment Monitoring, China Geological Survey, Beijing, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: In recent years, a typical type of catastrophic ridge-top (or high-position) rockslide often occur in the strong earthquakes such as the Wenchuan earthquake. It exits out from the upper part of the steep slope and forms a volley fall with impact and crushing effect and dynamic erosion effect, causing the slide body to disintegrate and fragment, which transforms into rapid and long run-out avalanche debris or debris flow, and entraining the lower part of rock and soil mass, so that the volume increased significantly. The Xinmo landslide is this typical, it occurred at Maoxian County, Sichuan Province on June 24, 2017. The elevation of the crown of the Xinmo landslide was about 3450 m and the front edge was about 2250m. The height difference of landslide was 1200m, and the horizontal distance was about 2800 m. Its volume was up to 16.37 million m3. The landslide buried the Xinmo Village, leading to the death of 83 people. The Xinmo landslide was located on the western wing of the Jiaochang arc-shaped tectonics. Its parent rocks were the medium to thick layered metamorphic sandstone intercalated with slate in the Middle Triassic. The region was not only the epicenter area of the Diexi earthquake with magnitude 7.5 in 1933 (the intensity of the earthquake was X) but also the strong earthquake-affected area of the Wenchuan Ms8.0 earthquake in 2008 (the intensity was IX). The mountains, especially the ridge-top rockmass, were fractured/cracked due to the strong earthquakes. There were multiple groups of discontinuous structural planes in the sliding source zone, and hence the thick blocky rock mass was cracked into fragmented blocks, and the bugling area was formed at the elevation varying from 3150 to 3450 meter. In particular, there were two sets of anti-dip large joints in the sliding source area, indicating a typical failure mechanism "locked-section". Rockslide with a volume of 3.9 million m3 exited and continuously accumulated at the back of previous residual landslide. The "overload effect" triggered the slope instability under the exit and transferred into long runout channeled avalanche debris. Because the terrain was wide and the slope angle gradually decreased, avalanche debris converted to diffused one and then to scattered accumulation. The Xinmo landslide presents a typical disaster mode of the rapid and long runout initialed due to rockslide at ridge-top in strong earthquake area. A new method should be established to recognize this type of landslides. Wherever there are large-scale rockslides in steep ridge-top region, the "dynamic erosion effect" and the "overloading effect" on the previous accumulation and the talus of slope due to impact processes should be considered. Especially in the place where there is abundant groundwater along the gully, the possibility of a rapid and long runout rockslide-avalanche debris will increase. Therefore, in conducting the investigation of geological disaster, the town, village or other populated areas should be zoned as risk area on the previous landslide accumulation of slope below the exit of the rockslide at the ridge-top. The authors emphasize that, in the strong earthquake mountainous regions, the static balance method for the landslide stability should be considered, and the dynamic research on the landslide runout processes and the disaster mode should be strengthened. © 2017 Editorial Board of Geology in China. All Rights Reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Avalanche debris; Maoxian County; Ridge-top landslide; Strong earthquake area
INDEX KEYWORDS: debris avalanche; failure mechanism; geological hazard; landslide; mountain region; Sichuan earthquake 2008; slope stability; strong motion; China; Maoxian; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Catane, Sandra G., Catastrophic rockslide-debris avalanche at St. Bernard, Southern Leyte, Philippines, Landslides, 4, 1, pp. 85-90, (2007); 
Chen, Zuyu, Landslide Research in China, Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology, 49, 4, pp. 279-285, (2016); 
Fan, Xuanmei, Failure mechanism and kinematics of the deadly June 24th 2017 Xinmo landslide, Maoxian, Sichuan, China, Landslides, 14, 6, pp. 2129-2146, (2017); 
Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, (2011); 
Hungr, Oldrich, Two numerical models for landslide dynamic analysis, Computers and Geosciences, 35, 5, pp. 978-992, (2009); 
Sassa, Kyoji, Plenary: Progress in Landslide Dynamics, 1, pp. 37-67, (2014); 
International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences Geomechanics Abstracts, (1973); 
Su, Lijun, Characteristics and triggering mechanism of Xinmo landslide on 24 June 2017 in Sichuan, China, Journal of Mountain Science, 14, 9, pp. 1689-1700, (2017); 
Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control, (2017); 
Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, (2017)
PUBLISHER: Editorial Board of Geology in China zhgdzh@vip.sina.com
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Xiwei, X.-W., Chen, G.-H., Wang, Q.-X., Chen, L.-C., Ren, Z.-K., Xu, C., Wei, Z.-Y., Lu, R.-Q., Tan, X.-B., Dong, S.-P., Shi, F.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Xiwei, Xu (8246843900); Chen, Guihua (55733464100); Wang, Qixin (56763035400); Chen, Lichun (15828847100); Ren, Zhikun (26321922800); Xu, Chong (35184309900); Wei, Zhanyu (36112505700); Lu, Renqi (23389715500); Tan, Xinbin (35184143700); Dong, Shaopeng (24780301600); Shi, Feng (57202464002)
8246843900; 55733464100; 56763035400; 15828847100; 26321922800; 35184309900; 36112505700; 23389715500; 35184143700; 24780301600; 57202464002
Discussion on seismogenic structure of Jiuzhaigou earthquake and its implication for current strain state in the southeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
(2017) Acta Geophysica Sinica, 60 (10), pp. 4018 - 4026, Cited 134 times.
DOI: 10.6038/cjg20171028
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85041017997&doi=10.6038%2Fcjg20171028&partnerID=40&md5=b98d47d145348f4a95ca21a3626e1e7b

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: The Jiuzhaigou earthquake (M<inf>S</inf>7.0 or M<inf>W</inf>6.5) occurred in the intersection area among the Tazang, Minjiang and Huya faults in the eastern part of the Bayan Har block of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Some researchers from the relevant research institutions of China Earthquake Administration have identified the epicenter of the Jiuzhaigou earthquake and its adjacent areas as a high-magnitude earthquake risk area. Although no surface rupture zone was discovered during the emergency scientific investigation, the focal solutions, spatial linear distributions of the relocated aftershocks and earthquake-triggered bedrock collapses or landslides in the epicenter, with a dominated axial azimuth of the earthquake intensities display that the northern segment of the Huya fault, a NW-trending left-lateral strike-slip fault is the seismogenic fault of the Jiuzhaigou earthquake, and belongs to one of the tail structure at the easternmost end of the eastern Kunlun fault zone. In addition, after the Wenchuan earthquake, repeatedly occurred on the secondary active faults in the eastern and southeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the 2017 Jiuzhaigou (M<inf>W</inf>6.5), 2014 Ludian (M<inf>W</inf>6.2), Jinggu (M<inf>W</inf>6.2), and Kangding (M<inf>W</inf>6.0) earthquakes. According to the GPS data, it is shown that the major active faults along the boundaries of the Bayan Har and the Sichuan-Yunnan blocks in the eastern and southeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau are now in a middle-high strain accumulation state and the risk of occurrence of high-magnitude earthquakes (M<inf>W</inf>≥7.0) can not be ignored in the future. © 2017, Science Press. All right reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Jiuzhaigou earthquake; Qinghai-Tibet Plateau; Seismogenic fault; Strain accumulation state
INDEX KEYWORDS: Earthquakes; Fault slips; Jurassic; Miocene; Structural geology; 'current; Active fault; Epicentre; Jiuzhaigou earthquake; Qinghai Tibet plateau; Seismogenic faults; Seismogenic structures; Strain accumulation state; Strain accumulations; Strain state; Strike-slip faults; accumulation rate; active fault; aftershock; bedrock; earthquake; earthquake epicenter; earthquake magnitude; earthquake rupture; earthquake trigger; landslide; Sichuan earthquake 2008; strain rate; strike-slip fault; China; Qinghai-Xizang Plateau; Ludia
REFERENCES: Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, (2012); 
She Fa Chen, Active faulting and block movement associated with large earthquakes in the Min Shan and Longmen Mountains, northeastern Tibetan Plateau, Journal of Geophysical Research, 99, B12, pp. 24-38, (1994); 
Deng, Qidong, Seismic activities and earthquake potential in the Tibetan Plateau, Acta Geophysica Sinica, 57, 7, pp. 2025-2042, (2014); 
Fang, Lihua, Relocation of the mainshock and aftershock sequences of MS7.0 Sichuan Lushan earthquake, Chinese Science Bulletin, 58, 28-29, pp. 3451-3459, (2013); 
Quaternary Sciences, (2012); 
Seismological Research Letters, (2017); 
Jiang, Guoyan, Joint analysis of the 2014 Kangding, southwest China, earthquake sequence with seismicity relocation and InSAR inversion, Geophysical Research Letters, 42, 9, pp. 3273-3281, (2015); 
Jiang, Zaisen, Horizontal strain field and tectonic deformation of China Mainland revealed by preliminary GPS result, Acta Geophysica Sinica, 46, 3, pp. 352-358, (2003); 
Jiang, Zaisen, The method in establishing strain field and velocity field of crustal movement using least squares collocation, Acta Geophysica Sinica, 53, 5, pp. 1109-1117, (2010); 
Jones, Lucile M., Focal mechanisms and aftershock locations of the Songpan earthquakes of August 1976 in Sichuan, China., Journal of Geophysical Research, 89, B9, pp. 7697-7707, (1984)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Hairong, D., Yong, L., Chongjian, S., Svirchev, L., Xu, Q., Zhaokun, Y., Liang, Y., Shijun, N., Shi, S.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Hairong, Ding (57196234372); Yong, Li (24529344100); Chongjian, Shao (56716426000); Svirchev, Laurence (55397545900); Xu, Qiang (56506033600); Zhaokun, Yan (56716584400); Liang, Yan (55737081600); Shijun, Ni (24784638600); Shi, Zeming (8271482900)
57196234372; 24529344100; 56716426000; 55397545900; 56506033600; 56716584400; 55737081600; 24784638600; 8271482900
Mechanism of post-seismic floods after the Wenchuan earthquake in the upper Minjiang river, China
(2017) Journal of Earth System Science, 126 (7), art. no. 96, Cited 10 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s12040-017-0871-6
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85032371980&doi=10.1007%2Fs12040-017-0871-6&partnerID=40&md5=4d1ed057048c158f791150cb92695cbc

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; College of Environment and Civil Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: By analyzing the multi-year runoff and rainfall data at 15 hydrological stations from 1980 to 2007, as well as monthly runoff data from 1964 to 1984 at the Zipingpu hydrologic station, the relationship between precipitation and runoff has been established and the trend was explored. Based on the catastrophic floods of August 13 and August 18, 2010, characteristics and control factors on the post-seismic floods are summarized. Firstly, the Wenchuan earthquake and rupture zone provides the background for postseismic floods to develop in the upper Minjiang River, which follows a post-seismic disaster-chain pattern: earthquake collapse to landslide debris flows to floods. Secondly, heavy rainfall controlled by the orographically-enhanced precipitation after the Wenchuan earthquake is the trigger factor for the development of devastating post-seismic floods. Thirdly, the post-seismic floods contain high sediment discharge, cause abrupt and severe damages, and have a large of volume and higher frequency. © Indian Academy of Sciences.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Heavy rainfall; Minjiang river; Orographicallyenhanced precipitation; Post-seismic floods; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: catastrophic event; earthquake rupture; flood frequency; flooding; orographic effect; precipitation intensity; rainfall; rainfall-runoff modeling; rupture; Sichuan earthquake 2008; trigger mechanism; China; Min River [Sichuan]; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Bull Chin Acad Sci, (2008); 
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences, (2008); 
Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, (2008); 
Densmore, Alexander Logan, The role of late quaternary upper-crustal faults in the 12 may 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 100, 5 B, pp. 2700-2712, (2010); 
Densmore, Alexander Logan, Active tectonics of the Beichuan and Pengguan faults at the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, Tectonics, 26, 4, (2007); 
Acta Geol Sin Engl, (2013); 
Quaternary Sciences, (2013); 
Ding, Hairong, Influences of disaster chain driven by Wenchuan earthquake on sediment discharge in upper reaches of Minjiang river, Sichuan, China, Journal of Chengdu University of Technology (Science and Technology Edition), 40, 6, pp. 712-720, (2013); 
Ding, Hairong, Increased sediment discharge driven by heavy rainfall after Wenchuan earthquake: A case study in the upper reaches of the Min River, Sichuan, China, Quaternary International, 333, pp. 122-129, (2014); 
Ding, Hairong, Study on sediment discharge increase caused by Wenchuan earthquake landslide and heavy rainfall in the upper reaches of the Min River, Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 46, 3, pp. 49-55, (2014)
PUBLISHER: Indian Academy of Sciences
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Chang, M., Tang, C., van Asch, T.W.J., Cai, F.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Chang, Ming (36727157900); Tang, Chuan (35932953300); van Asch, Theodore W.J. (6701661708); Cai, Fei (7006714391)
36727157900; 35932953300; 6701661708; 7006714391
Hazard assessment of debris flows in the Wenchuan earthquake-stricken area, South West China
(2017) Landslides, 14 (5), pp. 1783 - 1792, Cited 93 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s10346-017-0824-9
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85017163553&doi=10.1007%2Fs10346-017-0824-9&partnerID=40&md5=3a6efa275dec01def66761ea745f8bb5

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Universiteit Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands; Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
ABSTRACT: The Longxi river basin with the city of Dujiangyan, in the Sichuan province of South West China, belongs to the seismic area of the May 12, 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. Lots of loose co-seismic materials were present on the slopes, which in later years served as source material for rainfall-induced debris flows. A total of 12 debris flows, were triggered by heavy rainfall on August 13, 2010 in the study area. The FLO-2D numerical analysis software was adopted to simulate debris flows intensity, including movement velocities and maximum flow depths. A comparison of the measured fan spreading with the simulation results, the evaluation parameter Ω was used to verify accuracy of simulation, the results show Ω values ranging between 1.37 and 1.65 indicating relative good simulation results. This study also estimated the flood hydrograph for various recurrence intervals (20, 100, and 200 years, respectively) to perform scenario simulations of debris flows, and followed Swiss and Austrian standards to establish a debris flow hazard classification model on the basis of a combination of the debris flow intensity and the recurrence period. This study distinguishes three hazard classes: low, medium, and high. This proposed approach generated a debris flow hazard distribution map that could be used for disaster prevention in the Wenchuan earthquake-stricken area, South West China. © 2017, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flow; Hazard assessment; Numerical simulation; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Computer simulation; Debris; Disaster prevention; Geophysics; Hazards; Rain; Seismology; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Classification models; Debris flows; Evaluation parameters; Hazard Assessment; Recurrence intervals; Scenario simulations; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes; debris flow; depth; earthquake trigger; hazard assessment; hydrograph; numerical model; rainfall; river basin; seismic zone; Sichuan earthquake 2008; software; standard (regulation); velocity profile; China; Dujiangyan; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Canuti, Paolo, Modeling of the Guagua Pichincha volcano (Ecuador) lahars, Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, 27, 36, pp. 1587-1599, (2002); 
Carranza, Emmanuel John M., Predicting lahar-inundation zones: Case study in West Mount Pinatubo, Philippines, Natural Hazards, 37, 3, pp. 331-372, (2006); 
Journal of Mountain Sciences, (2012); 
Chang, Ming, Debris flow susceptibility assessment using a probabilistic approach: A case study in the Longchi area, Sichuan province, China, Journal of Mountain Science, 11, 4, pp. 1001-1014, (2014); 
Chen, Hongey, Recent rainfall-induced landslides and debris flow in northern Taiwan, Geomorphology, 77, 1-2, pp. 112-125, (2006); 
Chiou, Shianjin, Evaluating landslides and sediment yields induced by the chi-chi earthquake and followed heavy rainfalls along the ta-chia river, Journal of GeoEngineering, 2, 2, pp. 73-83, (2007); 
Cui, Peng, The 12 May Wenchuan earthquake-induced landslide lakes: Distribution and preliminary risk evaluation, Landslides, 6, 3, pp. 209-223, (2009); 
Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011); 
Dong, J. J., The role of the sediment budget in understanding debris flow susceptibility, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 34, 12, pp. 1612-1624, (2009); 
Journal of Torrent Avalanche Landslide and Rockfall Engineering, (1997)
PUBLISHER: Springer Verlag service@springer.de
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Feng, W.-K., Yi, X.-Y., Ge, H., Wang, Q., Liu, Z.-G., Zhang, G.-X.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Feng, Wenkai (7402350874); Yi, Xiaoyu (57196021716); Ge, Hua (59829736800); Wang, Qi (57192091501); Liu, Zhigang (57196020862); Zhang, Guangxin (57196019002)
7402350874; 57196021716; 59829736800; 57192091501; 57196020862; 57196019002
In-situ borehole shear tests on cataclastic rock mass of Daguangbao landslide
(2017) Yantu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 39 (9), pp. 1718 - 1723, Cited 14 times.
DOI: 10.11779/CJGE201709021
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85039854944&doi=10.11779%2FCJGE201709021&partnerID=40&md5=bf9289892ae8515e69e4709984ed3c69

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Chengdu Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Daguangbao landslide is the largest landslide triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake. The exposed sliding zone with a length of 1.8 km and highly ruptured rock mass is located at the south side of the landslide, which has attracted great attention across the world. To evaluate the strength parameters of cataclastic rock mass in the sliding zone accurately, a detailed field survey work is carried out on the basis of previous researches by using a France Phicometre dual-purpose geotechnical in-situ borehole shear tester to investigate the cataclastic rock mass in Daguangbao landslide slip zone. A comparative analysis among the test results, the values of Hoek-Brown strength criterion and the mechanical parameter values based on the engineering geologic analogy method is performed. Finally, the mechanical parameter values of the rock mass of the Daguangbao landslide of the south side are proposed: its cohesion is from 245 kPa to 480 kPa, and its internal friction angle is from 25.0°to 26.5°. © 2017, Editorial Office of Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering. All right reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Cataclastic rock mass; Daguangbao landslide; Hoek-Brown strength criterion; In-situ borehole shear test; Shear strength
INDEX KEYWORDS: Earthquakes; Landslides; Metamorphic rocks; Rock mechanics; Shear strength; Comparative analysis; Daguangbao landslides; Hoek-Brown strength criterion; Internal friction angle; Mechanical parameters; Rock mass; Shear tests; Strength parameters; Rocks
REFERENCES: Journal of Engineering Geology, (2011); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2008); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2025); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2013); 
Study on Damage Features of the Rock Mass in the Sliding Belt of the Giant Landslide Under the Strong Earthquakea Case of Daguangbao Landslide, (2012); 
Yin, Yueping, Dynamic response characteristics of Daguangbao landslide triggered by Wenchuan earthquake, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 31, 10, pp. 1969-1982, (2012); 
Zhang, Yingbin Bin, Effects of near-fault seismic loadings on run-out of large-scale landslide: A case study, Engineering Geology, 166, pp. 216-236, (2013); 
Huang, Runqiu, Cataclastic characteristics and formation mechanism of rock mass in sliding zone of Daguangbao landslide, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 35, 1, pp. 1-15, (2016); 
Pei, Xiangjun, The rock mass cataclastic characteristics of daguangbao landslide and its engineering geological significance, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 34, pp. 3106-3115, (2015); 
undefined, (2012)
PUBLISHER: Chinese Society of Civil Engineering
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Guo, X., Cui, P., Marchi, L., Ge, Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Guo, Xiaojun (55636231600); Cui, Peng (56706923500); Marchi, Lorenzo (7005072819); Ge, Yonggang (26039083000)
55636231600; 56706923500; 7005072819; 26039083000
Characteristics of rainfall responsible for debris flows in Wenchuan Earthquake area
(2017) Environmental Earth Sciences, 76 (17), art. no. 596, Cited 29 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s12665-017-6940-y
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85028381868&doi=10.1007%2Fs12665-017-6940-y&partnerID=40&md5=a21eec3bd9935fb926e8d70c595b5902

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; CAS Center for Excellence & Innovation in Tibetan Plateau Earth System Sciences, Shantou, Beijing, China; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, RM, Italy
ABSTRACT: The ability to forecast debris flows is important because of their frequent occurrence and potential for large-scale damage in the Wenchuan Earthquake-hit area. Accurate understanding of the characteristics of rainfall responsible for triggering debris flows is necessary for an effective early warning procedure. This study examined the general characteristics and spatiotemporal variation of rainfall events that responsible for debris flows. Analysis was performed on rainfall data extracted during 2008–2013. The results revealed that the rainfall thresholds for debris flows varied annually and showed tendency toward higher conditions required. The coefficient of variation of relevant rainfall events indicated that the characteristics of the rainstorms changed. In addition, the coefficient of deviation revealed the spatial variation of rainfall in subregions, which was attributed to differences of the local climatic conditions that control debris flow occurrence. The primary controlling rainfall indices for triggering debris flows were filtered, and the most suitable models for establishing rainfall thresholds were selected. Ultimately, the rainfall thresholds were obtained for each subregion within the study area. © 2017, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flows; Inducing rainfall; Rainfall thresholds; Triggering rainfall intensity; Wenchuan Earthquake area
INDEX KEYWORDS: Debris; Earthquakes; Geophysics; Storms; Climatic conditions; Coefficient of variation; Debris flow occurrences; Debris flows; Rainfall intensity; Rainfall thresholds; Spatio-temporal variation; Wenchuan Earthquake; Rain
REFERENCES: Barnes, Lindsey R., False alarms and close calls: A conceptual model of warning accuracy, Weather and Forecasting, 22, 5, pp. 1140-1147, (2007); 
Meteorological and Regulations Compilation of the Prc, (2005); 
Cui, Peng, Relationships between antecedent rainfall and debris flows in Jiangjia Ravine, China, International Conference on Debris-Flow Hazards Mitigation: Mechanics, Prediction, and Assessment, Proceedings, pp. 3-10, (2007); 
Cui, Peng, The Wenchuan Earthquake (May 12, 2008), Sichuan Province, China, and resulting geohazards, Natural Hazards, 56, 1, pp. 19-36, (2011); 
Cui, Peng, Risk assessment of simultaneous debris flows in mountain townships, Progress in Physical Geography, 37, 4, pp. 516-542, (2013); 
Dowling, Casey A., Debris flows and their toll on human life: A global analysis of debris-flow fatalities from 1950 to 2011, Natural Hazards, 71, 1, pp. 203-227, (2014); 
Beijing Seismological Press; 
J Catastrophology, (2012); 
Mount Res, (2014); 
Guo, Xiaojun, Intensity-duration threshold of rainfall-triggered debris flows in the Wenchuan Earthquake affected area, China, Geomorphology, 253, pp. 208-216, (2016)
PUBLISHER: Springer Verlag service@springer.de
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Kidyaeva, V., Chernomorets, S., Krylenko, I., Wei, F., Petrakov, D., Su, P., Yang, H., Xiong, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Kidyaeva, Vera M. (26632201700); Chernomorets, Sergey S. (15131000100); Krylenko, Inna N. (16417477100); Wei, Fangqiang (14033564100); Petrakov, Dmitry A. (15081122600); Su, Pengcheng (55234493100); Yang, Hongjuan (55545920200); Xiong, Junnan (35308196800)
26632201700; 15131000100; 16417477100; 14033564100; 15081122600; 55234493100; 55545920200; 35308196800
Modeling potential scenarios of the Tangjiashan Lake outburst and risk assessment in the downstream valley
(2017) Frontiers of Earth Science, 11 (3), pp. 579 - 591, Cited 11 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11707-017-0640-5
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85016431137&doi=10.1007%2Fs11707-017-0640-5&partnerID=40&md5=b08d4acdee862ce89ee929aa6966eda7

AFFILIATIONS: Faculty of Geography, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Moscow Oblast, Russian Federation; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chongqing, China
ABSTRACT: This research is devoted to Tangjiashan Lake, a quake landslide-dammed lake, situated in Sichuan Province, China, which was formed by a landslide triggered by the Wenchuan Earthquake on 12 May 2008. A STREAM_2D two-dimensional hydrodynamic model of Russia was applied to simulate the process of two flood scenarios: 1, lake dam outbreak, and 2, dam overtopping. An artificial dam outbreak was made after the earthquake to lower the water level of the lake in 2008, which led to a great flood with a maximum water discharge of more than 6400 m3/s. The negative impact of the flood was reduced by a timely evacuation of the population. Flood hazards still remain in the event of new landslides into the lake and lake dam overtopping (Scenario 2), in which case a maximum water discharge at the dam crest would reach 5000 m3/s, placing the population of Shabacun and Shilingzi villages in the zone of flood impact. © 2017, Higher Education Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: hydrodynamic modeling; landslide-dammed lake outburst; risk assessment; Tangjiashan Lake
INDEX KEYWORDS: earthquake trigger; flooding; hydrodynamics; landslide; outburst; risk assessment; scenario analysis; Sichuan earthquake 2008; two-dimensional modeling; China; Sichuan; Tangjiashan Lake
REFERENCES: J  geogr Geol, (2013); 
Vychislitel Nye Tekhnologii Computer Technologies, (1992); 
Belikov, Vitaly V., Two-dimensional hydrodynamic flood modelling for populated valley areas of Russian rivers, 370, pp. 69-74, (2015); 
Measuring Vulnerability to Natural Hazards Towards Disaster Resilient Societies, (2006); 
Bosa, Silvia, A Numerical Model of the Wave that Overtopped the Vajont Dam in 1963, Water Resources Management, 27, 6, pp. 1763-1779, (2013); 
Champati Ray, Prashanta Kumar, Kedarnath disaster 2013: causes and consequences using remote sensing inputs, Natural Hazards, 81, 1, pp. 227-243, (2016); 
Chen, Xiaoqing, Emergency response to the Tangjiashan landslide-dammed lake resulting from the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake, China, Landslides, 8, 1, pp. 91-98, (2011); 
Priroda, (2014); 
Chernomorets, Sergey S., Glacier and debris flow disasters around Mt. Kazbek, Russia/Georgia, International Conference on Debris-Flow Hazards Mitigation: Mechanics, Prediction, and Assessment, Proceedings, pp. 691-702, (2007); 
Clague, John Joseph, Formation and failure of natural dams in the Canadian Cordillera, Bulletin of the Geological Survey of Canada, 464, (1994)
PUBLISHER: Higher Education Press Limited Company
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Li, G., West, A.J., Densmore, A.L., Jin, Z., Zhang, F., Wang, J., Clark, M., Hilton, R.G.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Li, Gen (56127683700); West, Alison Joshua (26538380300); Densmore, Alexander Logan (7004510678); Jin, Zhangdong (7403625767); Zhang, Fei (55195292000); Wang, Jin (58465079600); Clark, Marin Kristen (35551964300); Hilton, Robert G. (24385259400)
56127683700; 26538380300; 7004510678; 7403625767; 55195292000; 58465079600; 35551964300; 24385259400
Earthquakes drive focused denudation along a tectonically active mountain front
(2017) Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 472, pp. 253 - 265, Cited 50 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.epsl.2017.04.040
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85019587275&doi=10.1016%2Fj.epsl.2017.04.040&partnerID=40&md5=c85156e69226181827bb9c60bc923a01

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Earth Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Geography, Durham University, Durham, County Durham, United Kingdom; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
ABSTRACT: Earthquakes cause widespread landslides that can increase erosional fluxes observed over years to decades. However, the impact of earthquakes on denudation over the longer timescales relevant to orogenic evolution remains elusive. Here we assess erosion associated with earthquake-triggered landslides in the Longmen Shan range at the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. We use the M<inf>w</inf>7.9 2008 Wenchuan and M<inf>w</inf>6.6 2013 Lushan earthquakes to evaluate how seismicity contributes to the erosional budget from short timescales (annual to decadal, as recorded by sediment fluxes) to long timescales (kyr to Myr, from cosmogenic nuclides and low temperature thermochronology). Over this wide range of timescales, the highest rates of denudation in the Longmen Shan coincide spatially with the region of most intense landsliding during the Wenchuan earthquake. Across sixteen gauged river catchments, sediment flux-derived denudation rates following the Wenchuan earthquake are closely correlated with seismic ground motion and the associated volume of Wenchuan-triggered landslides (r2>0.6), and to a lesser extent with the frequency of high intensity runoff events (r2=0.36). To assess whether earthquake-induced landsliding can contribute importantly to denudation over longer timescales, we model the total volume of landslides triggered by earthquakes of various magnitudes over multiple earthquake cycles. We combine models that predict the volumes of landslides triggered by earthquakes, calibrated against the Wenchuan and Lushan events, with an earthquake magnitude–frequency distribution. The long-term, landslide-sustained “seismic erosion rate” is similar in magnitude to regional long-term denudation rates (∼0.5–1 mm yr−1). The similar magnitude and spatial coincidence suggest that earthquake-triggered landslides are a primary mechanism of long-term denudation in the frontal Longmen Shan. We propose that the location and intensity of seismogenic faulting can contribute to focused denudation along a high-relief plateau margin. © 2017 Elsevier B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: active mountain ranges; earthquake-triggered landslides; erosion/denudation; Longmen Shan; mountain belt evolution
INDEX KEYWORDS: Budget control; Catchments; Erosion; Geophysics; Landforms; Landslides; Seismology; Temperature; Earthquake magnitudes; Earthquake-triggered landslides; Longmen Shan; Mountain belts; Mountain ranges; Multiple earthquake cycles; Seismic ground motions; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes; denudation; earthquake magnitude; erosion rate; faulting; ground motion; landslide; Lushan earthquake 2013; seismicity; Sichuan earthquake 2008; tectonics; China; Longmen Mountains; Lushan [Sichuan]; Qinghai-Xizang Plateau; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Ansberque, Claire, Denudation pattern across the Longriba fault system and implications for the geomorphological evolution of the eastern Tibetan margin, Geomorphology, 246, pp. 542-557, (2015); 
Arne, Dennis C., Differential exhumation in response to episodic thrusting along the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, Tectonophysics, 280, 3-4, pp. 239-256, (1997); 
Bennett, Georgina L., Landslides, threshold slopes, and the survival of relict terrain in the wake of the Mendocino Triple Junction, Geology, 44, 5, pp. 363-366, (2016); 
Beaumont, Christopher M., Himalayan tectonics explained by extrusion of a low-viscosity crustal channel coupled to focused surface denudation, Nature, 414, 6865, pp. 738-742, (2001); 
Boore, David M., Ground-motion prediction equations for the average horizontal component of PGA, PGV, and 5%-damped PSA at spectral periods between 0.01 s and 10.0 s, Earthquake Spectra, 24, 1, pp. 99-138, (2008); 
Burchfiel, B. Clark, A geological and geophysical context for the Wenchuan earthquake of 12 May 2008, Sichuan, People's Republic of China, GSA Today, 18, 7, pp. 4-11, (2008); 
Burbank, Douglas W., Bedrock incision, rock uplift and threshold hillslopes in the northwestern Himalayas, Nature, 379, 6565, pp. 505-510, (1996); 
Burbank, Douglas W., Decoupling of erosion and precipitation in the Himalayas, Nature, 426, 6967, pp. 652-655, (2003); 
Clark, Marin Kristen, Topographic ooze: Building the eastern margin of Tibet by lower crustal flow, Geology, 28, 8, pp. 703-706, (2000); 
undefined, (2015)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS; GREEN ACCEPTED OPEN ACCESS; GREEN OPEN ACCESS

Liu, C., Wei, X., Lu, Z., Wu, H., Yang, Y., Chen, L.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Liu, Chengqing (18437866200); Wei, Xiaodan (57190445558); Lu, Zheng (56468334800); Wu, Handan (57194144774); Yang, Yuling (57193434244); Chen, Linya (56564336700)
18437866200; 57190445558; 56468334800; 57194144774; 57193434244; 56564336700
Studies on passive flexible protection to resist landslides caused by the May 12, 2008, Wenchuan earthquake
(2017) Structural Design of Tall and Special Buildings, 26 (11), art. no. e1372, Cited 17 times.
DOI: 10.1002/tal.1372
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85018888843&doi=10.1002%2Ftal.1372&partnerID=40&md5=5229232ca4f3306605b52b1b64637ebc

AFFILIATIONS: School of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Research Institute of Structural Engineering and Disaster Reduction, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
ABSTRACT: The landslides caused by the 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake resulted in enormous casualties and property losses. Since the earthquake, more than 3,600 landslides have occurred, and 17 of them were catastrophic, each of which has killed more than 30 people. Meanwhile, passive flexible protection has gradually been introduced to resist landslides due to its significant advantages of economy, safety, and environmental protection. To resist landslides effectively, it is necessary to study the load path and design method of passive flexible protection under the action of landslides. In the design of passive flexible protection against landslides, determination of the landslide load is the primary task. In this paper, the formulas of the probability density function and distribution function of the landslide pressure are developed to obtain the value of the accumulated landslide pressure acting on the passive flexible protection, which can be used as the load input parameter in the design of passive flexible protection to resist landslides. Based on the case of the “Shiziliang” potential landslide for the 5.12 earthquake, the pressure data of the landslide are collected, the calculation formulas of the volume, and the pressure of the intercepted landslide are established, and the statistical parameters of the landslide pressure-loading sample are obtained. According to the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test method, the loading sample of the landslide pressure obeys an extreme-value type-I distribution, and then the load model of the landslide pressure is determined. Based on the reliability analysis method, the standard value of the landslide pressure with an over-95% assurance rate is obtained. These results can provide references for load confirmation to design the passive flexible protection to resist landslides. © © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: force transmission path; landslide pressure; loads confirmation; passive flexible protection; probability and statistics; reliability anaxlysis
INDEX KEYWORDS: Distribution functions; Earthquakes; Geophysics; Loads (forces); Probability density function; Probability distributions; Reliability analysis; Testing; Calculation formula; Extreme-value type I; Force transmission; Kolmogorov-Smirnov test; Passive flexible protection; Probability and statistics; Reliability analysis method; Statistical parameters; Landslides
REFERENCES: Chin J Rock Mech Eng, (2007); 
Lew, Marshall, Geotechnical and geological effects of the 21 September 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake, Taiwan, Structural Design of Tall Buildings, 9, 2, pp. 89-106, (2000); 
Lew, Marshall, Impact of new advances in seismology and geotechnical engineering on structural design since the Northridge earthquake, Structural Design of Tall and Special Buildings, 13, 5, pp. 347-371, (2004); 
Lew, Marshall, The business of engineering and managing risk: Interface between structural and geotechnical engineers, Structural Design of Tall and Special Buildings, 14, 5, pp. 433-437, (2005); 
Sabol, Thomas A., The impact of the 1994 Northridge Earthquake on structural engineering practice: Los Angeles tall buildings structural design council, Structural Design of Tall and Special Buildings, 13, 5, pp. 337-345, (2004); 
Naeim, Farzad, 1999 earthquake disasters worldwide: How many times do we have to re-learn the fundamentals of seismic engineering?, Structural Design of Tall Buildings, 9, 2, pp. 161-182, (2000); 
Han, Sang Whan, Variability of seismic demands according to different sets of earthquake ground motions, Structural Design of Tall and Special Buildings, 16, 3, pp. 321-332, (2007); 
Li, Wei, Performance-based seismic design of complicated tall building structures beyond the code specification, Structural Design of Tall and Special Buildings, 21, 8, pp. 578-591, (2012); 
Behnam, Behrouz, Behavior of moment-resisting tall steel structures exposed to a vertically traveling post-earthquake fire, Structural Design of Tall and Special Buildings, 23, 14, pp. 1083-1096, (2014); 
Lu, Zheng, Shaking table test and numerical simulation of an RC frame-core tube structure for earthquake-induced collapse, Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 45, 9, pp. 1537-1556, (2016)
PUBLISHER: John Wiley and Sons Ltd vgorayska@wiley.com Southern Gate Chichester, West Sussex PO19 8SQ
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Xu, H., Li, X., Gong, W.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Xu, Hui (59610132400); Li, Xiang (57195533852); Gong, Wenyin (23090822300)
59610132400; 57195533852; 23090822300
Research on recognition of landslides with remote sensing images based on extreme learning machine
(2017), 1, art. no. 8005896, pp. 740 - 747, Cited 7 times.
DOI: 10.1109/CSE-EUC.2017.145
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85034633486&doi=10.1109%2FCSE-EUC.2017.145&partnerID=40&md5=a3b4f2742b0ba42095c6180ce63ee396

AFFILIATIONS: School of Computer Science, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
ABSTRACT: The geological disasters of landslides induced by the Wenchuan earthquake are great in number so landslide disaster recognition and investigation must be conducted in the early stage of large construction planning in the disaster area. In recent years, the studies on image recognition focus on the extreme learning machine algorithm. Based on the preprocessing of remote sensing images, this paper conducts landslide recognition with remote sensing images through the extreme learning machine classification combined with color and texture features of ground objects. The comparison experiments of landslide recognition with the support vector machine algorithm shows that the recognition accuracy of the ELM algorithm is not much different from that of the SVM algorithm, but the extreme learning machine takes short time in training with absolute advantage. © 2017 IEEE.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: extreme learning machine; geological disaster; landslide recognition; remote sensing image
INDEX KEYWORDS: Disasters; Earthquakes; Geology; Image recognition; Knowledge acquisition; Landslides; Learning algorithms; Learning systems; Support vector machines; Ubiquitous computing; Color and texture features; Construction planning; Extreme learning machine; Geological disaster; Recognition accuracy; Remote sensing images; Support vector machine algorithm; Wenchuan Earthquake; Remote sensing
REFERENCES: Electronic Design Engineering, (2011); 
Yang, Yahui, Research on intrusion detection based on incremental GHSOM, Jisuanji Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Computers, 37, 5, pp. 1216-1224, (2014); 
Huang, G. B., Extreme learning machine: Theory and applications, Neurocomputing, 70, 1-3, pp. 489-501, (2006); 
Huang, G. B., Extreme learning machine: A new learning scheme of feedforward neural networks, IEEE International Conference on Neural Networks - Conference Proceedings, 2, pp. 985-990, (2004); 
Huang, G. B., Universal approximation using incremental constructive feedforward networks with random hidden nodes, IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks, 17, 4, pp. 879-892, (2006); 
Ayerdi, Borja, Active learning of hybrid extreme rotation forests for CTA image segmentation, pp. 543-548, (2012); 
Zheng, Wenbin, Collaborative work with linear classifier and extreme learning machine for fast text categorization, World Wide Web, 18, 2, pp. 235-252, (2015); 
Termenon, Maite, Extreme learning machines for feature selection and classification of cocaine dependent patients on structural MRI data, Neural Processing Letters, 38, 3, pp. 375-387, (2013); 
He, Bo, Fast Face Recognition Via Sparse Coding and Extreme Learning Machine, Cognitive Computation, 6, 2, pp. 264-277, (2014); 
Theory and Algorithm of Kernel Extreme Learning Machine and Its Application in Image Processing D, (2014)
PUBLISHER: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
SPONSORS: IEEE
CONFERENCE NAME: 20th IEEE International Conference on Computational Science and Engineering and 15th IEEE/IFIP International Conference on Embedded and Ubiquitous Computing, CSE and EUC 2017
CONFERENCE DATE: 2017-07-21 through 2017-07-24
CONFERENCE LOCATION: Guangzhou, Guangdong
CONFERENCE CODE: 129871
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Shao, C., Li, P., Li, Y., Lan, H., Zhou, R., Deng, T., Yan, Z., Yan, L., Li, L.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Shao, Chongjian (57188924181); Li, Pengyu (57196047303); Li, Yong (57246524500); Lan, Hengxing (7102710925); Zhou, Rongjun (8631822800); Deng, Tao (56404082000); Yan, Zhaokun (36505404500); Yan, Liang (55330368900); Li, Lijun (57196048066)
57188924181; 57196047303; 57246524500; 7102710925; 8631822800; 56404082000; 36505404500; 55330368900; 57196048066
Sliding mechanism of Maoxian landslide and geological condition analysis of formation of post-earthquake landslide
(2017) Journal of Chengdu University of Technology (Science and Technology Edition), 44 (4), pp. 385 - 402, Cited 15 times.
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-9727.2017.04.01
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85031329551&doi=10.3969%2Fj.issn.1671-9727.2017.04.01&partnerID=40&md5=6cba77b7e6f651c8736ef42bb664621a

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Sichuan Shutong Geotechnical Engineering Company, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; Seismological Bureau of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Bohai Drilling Engineering Technology Research Institute, CNPC Research Institute of Engineering Technology, Tianjin, Tianjin, China
ABSTRACT: On June 24, 2017, a large rocky landslide occurred at the Xinmo village, Maoxian County, Sichuan, after the Wenchuan earthquake in 2008. The landslide is huge and destructive, resulting in huge loss of life and property. Based on the field survey data and other collected data, the geometric characteristics and sedimentary characteristics of the Maoxian landslide are studied, the characteristics and effect of rainfall, historical earthquakes and active faults on the landslides are discussed, and the sliding mechanism and dynamic mechanism of Maoxian landslide are proposed. The study reveals that the landslide is located in the special area clamped by Songpinggou fault and the Minjiang fault with a steep slope landform and the faults are characterized by "X" pattern in the plane with a back thrust mode in the profile. Investigation shows that intense historical earthquakes have occurred in the area and the strong repetitive vibration destroyed the rock mass structures. Therefore, the active faults and historical earthquakes in the area are the main factors responsible for the formation of the Maoxian landslides, and the rainfall is only the predisposing factors trigger the landslides. The in site investigation also demonstrates that the sliding model of Maoxian landslide is characterized by layer parallel pull-apart together with slope parallel sliding. These are 3 stages in the formation processes of Maoxian landslide, beginning with the mountain rock cracking stage, then the high speed crushing stage and followed by debris flow accumulation stage. The steep slope and downward grade provide potential energy for the landslide. Well developed permeability interface between meta-sandstone and slate provide sliding condition bringing in the layer parallel pull-apart and slope parallel sliding. The fault compression induced uplift of Fugui Mountain, together with the accumulation of high-intensity historical earthquake vibration and accumulation of deformation, which resulted in long-term damage to the mountain rock structure, are the fundamental factors leading to the Maoxian landslide.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Active fault; Formation mechanism; Geometric features; Historical earthquake; Maoxian landslide; Rainfall; Sedimentary characteristics; Sliding mechanism
INDEX KEYWORDS: active fault; field survey; geometry; landslide; rainfall; sedimentology; Sichuan earthquake 2008; sliding; vibration; China; Maoxian; Sichuan
REFERENCES: According to the Seismic Network Records Maoxian Landslide Occurred at 5 38 Pm 55 for about 100 Seconds Eb Ol; 
Sichuan Bureau of Surveying Mapping and Geoinfor Mation; 
Geological Bulletin of China, (2005); 
Geology of the Eastern Margin of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, (2006); 
Orogenic Processes of the Songpan Garze Orogenic Belt of China, (1992); 
Chen, Zhiliang, Global Positioning System measurements from eastern Tibet and their implications for India/Eurasia intercontinental deformation, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 105, B7, pp. 16215-16227, (2000); 
Wang, Qingliang, Present-day crustal deformation in China constrained by global positioning system measurements, Science, 294, 5542, pp. 574-577, (2001); 
Zhang, Peizlien Zhen, Continuous deformation of the Tibetan Plateau from global positioning system data, Geology, 32, 9, pp. 809-812, (2004); 
Science in China Series D, (2002); 
Science in China Series D, (2003)
PUBLISHER: Chengdu Institute of Technology
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Fan, X.-Y., Li, T.-H., Tian, S.-J., Zhang, Y.-Y., Sun, X.-P.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Fan, Xiaoyi (36668557800); Li, Tianhua (57363367400); Tian, Shujun (36609420200); Zhang, Youyi (37041038400); Sun, Xinpo (36549375000)
36668557800; 57363367400; 36609420200; 37041038400; 36549375000
Controlling factors and mechanisms of incomplete obstruction seismic landslide mobility
(2017) Dizhen Dizhi, 39 (4), pp. 754 - 767, Cited 5 times.
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2017.04.010
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85029799407&doi=10.3969%2Fj.issn.0253-4967.2017.04.010&partnerID=40&md5=aec9ea1d066ad6482f0ef0db9534d227

AFFILIATIONS: School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: The topography, occurrence mechanism and lithology are the important factors of landslide movement. The lithology, seismic intensity, geological structure and topography in the travel path of 215 incomplete obstruction landslides with volumes more than 104m3 induced by Wenchuan earthquake were studied. Based on the classification of the factors established, we studied the factors influencing the movement distance of incomplete obstruction landslides. The following results are drawn. In the influence factors of topography in the travel path, the distance is largest in the straight valley topography, followed by the concave, ladder, turning valley, slope toe-type and slope-type landslides, in turn. The topography not only has remarkable influence on the distance of large-scale landslides, but also on the medium and small-scale landslides as well, which is the most important factor influencing the distance. The formation mechanism controlled by lithology, seismic intensity and geological structure has little influence on the mobility of medium- and small-scale landslides. For the large-scale landslides with volume more than 106m3, the distance of landslide with medium hard rock is larger than landslides with hard and soft rock. In the seismic intensity IX to XI areas, the landslide distance decreases with intensity increasing, contrary to the distribution of landslide-point density and landslide-area density. The geological structure has influence on the slide aspect of landslides and occurrence mechanism, but the influence is not remarkable to the landslide movement distance. © 2017, Editorial Office of Seismology and Geology. All right reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Incomplete obstruction seismic landslide; Influence factor; Mechanism; Movement distance
INDEX KEYWORDS: Earthquakes; Geology; Lithology; Mechanisms; Seismology; Structural geology; Topography; Controlling factors; Geological structures; Influence factor; Landslide movements; Large-scale landslides; Movement distance; Seismic landslides; Wenchuan Earthquake; Landslides; classification; factor analysis; formation mechanism; geological structure; hard rock; induced response; landslide; mass movement; mobility; seismicity; Sichuan earthquake 2008; slope; soft rock; spatial analysis; topography
REFERENCES: Chai, Bo, Influence of intersection angle between trend of slope and strata on stability of bedding slope, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 28, 3, pp. 628-634, (2009); 
Chen, Xiaoli, Analysis of landslides triggered by Wenchuan earthquake, Dizhen Dizhi, 33, 1, pp. 191-202, (2011); 
Chen, Xiaoli, Study on the fault mechanics influences on the landslides distribution: a case study from the Wenchuan earthquake, Dizhen Dizhi, 36, 2, pp. 358-367, (2014); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2007); 
Fan, Xiaoyi, Influence of landslide and ground factors on large-scale landslide movement, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 29, 11, pp. 2337-2347, (2010); 
Fan, Xiaoyi, Influence of topographical factors on movement distances of toe-type and turning-type landslides triggered by earthquake, Yantu Lixue/Rock and Soil Mechanics, 36, 5, pp. 1380-1388, (2015); 
Guo, Chenwen, Distribution regularities of landslides induced by Wenchuan earthquake, Lushan earthquake and Nepal earthquake, Xinan Jiaotong Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University, 51, 1, pp. 71-77, (2016); 
Huang, Runqiu, Research on development and distribution rules of geohazards induced by Wenchuan earthquake on 12th May, 2008, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 27, 12, pp. 2585-2592, (2008); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2009); 
Catastrophic Landslides in China, (2008)
PUBLISHER: State Seismology Administration
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Ren, Z.-K., Zhang, Z., Yin, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Ren, Zhikun (26321922800); Zhang, Zhuqi (24588369900); Yin, Jinhui (7401693283)
26321922800; 24588369900; 7401693283
Erosion associated with seismically-induced landslides in the middle longmen shan region, Eastern Tibetan Plateau, China
(2017) Remote Sensing, 9 (8), art. no. 864, Cited 11 times.
DOI: 10.3390/rs9080864
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85028296020&doi=10.3390%2Frs9080864&partnerID=40&md5=597cef8c629c023d3f6e5acab9b7649e

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Active Tectonics and Volcano, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and associated co-seismic landslide was the most recent expression of the rapid deformation and erosion occurring in the eastern Tibetan Plateau. The erosion associated with co-seismic landslides balances the long-term tectonic uplift in the topographic evolution of the region; however, the quantitative relationship between earthquakes, uplift, and erosion is still unknown. In order to quantitatively distinguish the seismically-induced erosion in the total erosion, here, we quantify the Wenchuan earthquake-induced erosion using the digital elevation model (DEM) differential method and previously-reported landslide volumes. Our results show that the seismically-induced erosion is comparable with the pre-earthquake short-term erosion. The seismically-induced erosion rate contributes ~50% of the total erosion rate, which suggests that the local topographic evolution of the middle Longmen Shan region may be closely related to tectonic events, such as the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. We propose that seismically-induced erosion is a very important component of the total erosion, particularly in active orogenic regions. Our results demonstrate that the remote sensing technique of differential DEM provides a powerful tool for evaluating the volume of co-seismic landslides produced in intermountain regions by strong earthquakes. © 2017 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Differential DEM; Seismically-induced erosion; Topographic evolution; Wenchuan Earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Erosion; Geophysics; Induced Seismicity; Landslides; Remote sensing; Seismology; Surveying; Tectonics; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Differential DEM; Digital elevation model; Eastern Tibetan plateau; Remote sensing techniques; Seismically induced landslide; Topographic evolution; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes
REFERENCES: Avouac, Jean Philippe, Dynamic Processes in Extensional and Compressional Settings - Mountain Building: From Earthquakes to Geological Deformation, 6, pp. 377-439, (2007); 
Tectonic Geomorphology, (2001); 
Hovius, Niels, Prolonged seismically induced erosion and the mass balance of a large earthquake, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 304, 3-4, pp. 347-355, (2011); 
Parker, Robert N., Mass wasting triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake is greater than orogenic growth, Nature Geoscience, 4, 7, pp. 449-452, (2011); 
Korup, Oliver, The role of landslides in mountain range evolution, Geomorphology, 120, 1-2, pp. 77-90, (2010); 
Dadson, Simon J., Earthquake-triggered increase in sediment delivery from an active mountain belt, Geology, 32, 8, pp. 733-736, (2004); 
Keefer, David K., The importance of earthquake-induced landslides to long-term slope erosion and slope-failure hazards in seismically active regions, Geomorphology, 10, 1-4, pp. 265-284, (1994); 
Malamud, Bruce D., Landslides, earthquakes, and erosion, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 229, 1-2, pp. 45-59, (2004); 
Meunier, Patrick, Regional patterns of earthquake-triggered landslides and their relation to ground motion, Geophysical Research Letters, 34, 20, (2007); 
Larsen, Isaac J., Landslide erosion controlled by hillslope material, Nature Geoscience, 3, 4, pp. 247-251, (2010)
PUBLISHER: MDPI AG Postfach Basel CH-4005
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS; GREEN ACCEPTED OPEN ACCESS; GREEN OPEN ACCESS

Gao, Y., Yin, Y., Li, B., Feng, Z., Wang, W., Zhang, N., Xing, A.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Gao, Yang (57209174069); Yin, Yueping (55687306100); Li, Bin (57283602100); Feng, Zhen (54417139800); Wang, Wenpei (36912851700); Zhang, Nan (56997997400); Xing, Aiguo (7004119237)
57209174069; 55687306100; 57283602100; 54417139800; 36912851700; 56997997400; 7004119237
Characteristics and numerical runout modeling of the heavy rainfall-induced catastrophic landslide–debris flow at Sanxicun, Dujiangyan, China, following the Wenchuan Ms 8.0 earthquake
(2017) Landslides, 14 (4), pp. 1361 - 1374, Cited 88 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s10346-016-0793-4
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85009767233&doi=10.1007%2Fs10346-016-0793-4&partnerID=40&md5=b6b125c6516ae1efd696b86aac731db8

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: The 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake triggered a large number of extensive landslides. It also affected geologic properties of the mountains such that large-scale landslides followed the earthquake, resulting in the formation of a disaster chain. On 10 July 2013, a catastrophic landslide–debris flow suddenly occurred in the Dujiangyan area of Sichuan Province in southeast China. This caused the deaths of 166 people and the burying or damage of 11 buildings along the runout path. The landslide involved the failure of ≈1.47 million m3, and the displaced material from the source area was ≈0.3 million m3. This landslide displayed shear failure at a high level under the effects of a rainstorm, which impacted and scraped an accumulated layer underneath and a heavily weathered rock layer during the release of potential and kinetic energies. The landslide body entrained a large volume of surface residual diluvial soil, and then moved downstream along a gully to produce a debris flow disaster. This was determined to be a typical landslide–debris flow disaster type. The runout of displaced material had a horizontal extent of 1200 m and a vertical extent of 400 m. This was equivalent to the angle of reach (fahrböschung angle) of 19° and covered an area of 0.2 km2. The background and motion of the landslide are described in this study. On the basis of the above analysis, dynamic simulation software (DAN3D) and rheological models were used to simulate the runout behavior of the displaced landslide materials in order to provide information for the hazard zonation of similar types of potential landslide–debris flows in southeast China following the Wenchuan earthquake. The simulation results of the Sanxicun landslide revealed that the frictional model had the best performance for the source area, while the Voellmy model was most suitable for the scraping and accumulation areas. The simulations estimated that the motion could last for ≈70 s, with a maximum speed of 47.7 m/s. © 2017, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: DAN3D model; Dynamic analysis; Landslide–debris flow; Runout
INDEX KEYWORDS: Computer software; Debris; Disasters; Dynamic analysis; Earthquakes; Geophysics; Kinetic energy; Rain; Shear flow; Storms; Catastrophic landslides; Debris flows; Large-scale landslides; Rheological models; Run outs; Simulation software; Typical landslide; Wenchuan Earthquake; Landslides; catastrophic event; damage; debris flow; dynamic response; earthquake trigger; hazard assessment; landslide; natural disaster; numerical model; precipitation intensity; rainstorm; Sichuan earthquake 2008; China
REFERENCES: Characterization of the Zymoetz River Rock Avalanche, (2005); 
Corominas, Jordi, The angle of reach as a mobility index for small and large landslides, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 33, 2, pp. 260-271, (1996); 
Cui, Peng, The 12 May Wenchuan earthquake-induced landslide lakes: Distribution and preliminary risk evaluation, Landslides, 6, 3, pp. 209-223, (2009); 
Evans, Stephen G., Dynamics of the 1984 rock avalanche and associated distal debris flow on Mount Cayley, British Columbia, Canada; Implications for landslide hazard assessment on dissected volcanoes, Engineering Geology, 61, 1, pp. 29-51, (2001); 
Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, (2011); 
Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, (2012); 
Guidelines on the Assessment of Debris Mobility for Failures within Topographic Depression Catchments, (2013); 
Huang, Runqiu, Mechanism and geo-mechanics models of landslides triggered by 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake, Journal of Mountain Science, 8, 2, pp. 200-210, (2011); 
Huang, Runqiu, The characteristics and failure mechanism of the largest landslide triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake, May 12, 2008, China, Landslides, 9, 1, pp. 131-142, (2012); 
Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Landslides, (1996)
PUBLISHER: Springer Verlag service@springer.de
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Deng, Q., Gong, L., Zhang, L., Yuan, R., Xue, Y., Geng, X., Hu, S.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Deng, Qinghai (55430918200); Gong, Linxian (59789054700); Zhang, Liping (54386397500); Yuan, Renmao (7202708506); Xue, Yongqiang (57190179943); Geng, Xuke (57190163045); Hu, Shanxiang (57190178057)
55430918200; 59789054700; 54386397500; 7202708506; 57190179943; 57190163045; 57190178057
Simulating dynamic processes and hypermobility mechanisms of the Wenjiagou rock avalanche triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake using discrete element modelling
(2017) Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 76 (3), pp. 923 - 936, Cited 33 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s10064-016-0914-2
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84978127692&doi=10.1007%2Fs10064-016-0914-2&partnerID=40&md5=baeafb574168819195dc46e45bb7a42c

AFFILIATIONS: College of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China; Key Laboratory of Active Tectonics and Volcano, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: The discrete element method is well suited for simulating the cracks and subsequent large displacements of catastrophic landslides or rock avalanches, and is therefore a useful tool for analysing their complicated dynamic processes and hypermobility mechanisms. In this study, particle flow code was used to investigate the dynamic processes and hypermobility mechanisms of the Wenjiagou rock avalanche triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. Characterization of the avalanche dynamics was achieved using a model comprising four stages: failure rupture, projectile motion, granular debris flow, and debris mass accumulation. The results show that collision on the valley floor was the main factor causing the fragmentation of the Wenjiagou rock avalanche. The upper and front edge of the landslide body were the most likely to move over a long distance. The results also show that friction was the main source of energy dissipation during the entirety of the avalanche movement. The high gravitational potential energy of the avalanche was the basis of the high mobility. In addition, because of their effects on energy dissipation, the low basal friction coefficient, favourable block movement, and topographical conditions played key roles in the rapid, long-runout Wenjiagou avalanche process. © 2016, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: 2008 Wenchuan earthquake; Discrete element method; Dynamic processes; Hypermobility mechanisms; Wenjiagou rock avalanche
INDEX KEYWORDS: Debris; Earthquakes; Energy dissipation; Finite difference method; Friction; Geophysics; Landslides; Potential energy; Rocks; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Catastrophic landslides; Discrete Element Modelling; Dynamic process; Friction coefficients; Gravitational potential energy; Hypermobility; Rock avalanche; Dynamics; catastrophic event; debris flow; discrete element method; displacement; dynamic response; earthquake rupture; energy dissipation; geoaccumulation; mobility; rock avalanche; Sichuan earthquake 2008; trigger mechanism
REFERENCES: Debris Flow Hazards Mitigation Mechanics Prediction and Assessment Proceedings 2nd International Dfhm Conference Taipei Taiwan August 16 18 2000, (2000); 
Proceedings of the Symposium of the International Society of Rock Mechanics, (1971); 
Cundall, Peter A., A discrete numerical model for granular assemblies, Geotechnique, 29, 1, pp. 47-65, (1979); 
Davies, Timothy R.H., Spreading of rock avalanche debris by mechanical fluidization, Rock Mechanics, 15, 1, pp. 9-24, (1982); 
Davies, Timothy R.H., The role of rock fragmentation in the motion of large landslides, Engineering Geology, 109, 1-2, pp. 67-79, (2009); 
Davies, Timothy R.H., A fragmentation-spreading model for long-runout rock avalanches, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 36, 6, pp. 1096-1110, (1999); 
Deline, Philip, Interactions between rock avalanches and glaciers in the Mont Blanc massif during the late Holocene, Quaternary Science Reviews, 28, 11-12, pp. 1070-1083, (2009); 
Dufresne, Anja, Longitudinal ridges in mass movement deposits, Geomorphology, 105, 3-4, pp. 171-181, (2009); 
Dykes, Alan P., Mass movements in peat: A formal classification scheme, Geomorphology, 86, 1-2, pp. 73-93, (2007); 
Eisbacher, Gerhard H., CLIFF COLLAPSE AND ROCK AVALANCHES (STURZSTROMS) IN THE MACKENZIE MOUNTAINS, NORTHWESTERN CANADA., Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 16, 2, pp. 309-334, (1979)
PUBLISHER: Springer Verlag service@springer.de
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Peng, L., Xu, S., Mei, J., Su, F.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Peng, Ling (55152076100); Xu, Suning (25931301000); Mei, Junjun (57195330411); Su, Fenghuan (14033176000)
55152076100; 25931301000; 57195330411; 14033176000
Earthquake-induced landslide recognition using high-resolution remote sensing images
(2017) National Remote Sensing Bulletin, 21 (4), pp. 509 - 518, Cited 27 times.
DOI: 10.11834/jrs.20176176
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85027222337&doi=10.11834%2Fjrs.20176176&partnerID=40&md5=7c2ea9a6641981540e6cf671f331159a

AFFILIATIONS: China Institute of Geo-Environment Monitoring, Beijing, Beijing, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Earthquake-induced landslides are the most common geological disasters caused by large seismic activities in mountainous areas, and they are known for their suddenness, destructiveness, and extensive distribution range. These landslides often result in severe casualties and economic losses. Currently, regional earthquake-induced landslides are mainly obtained by visual interpretation and computer data extraction from remote sensing images. These methods are objective, time-consuming, and low in precision. Thus, they cannot address the requirement of practically conducting emergency surveys and disaster evaluations after earthquakes. In this study, with the main data source of high-resolution remote sensing images from ZY-3 and GF-1, as well as the study area of the Wenchuan earthquake region, objects of multilevel landslides were established using the multi-scale optimum partition method based on an in-depth analysis of seismic landslide features. A recognition rule set of multi-dimensional landslides was also built by combining topographic and image features, such as spectrum, texture, and geometry. Additionally, recognition models for landslide stratification were proposed based on the recognition models of high-resolution images and an understanding of the scenes. Through all of the preceding efforts mentioned, the spatial distribution of the seismic landslide, as well as the sliding source, transport, and depositional areas, can be identified. The analysis results of the experimental area showed a minimum recognition accuracy of 81.89%, with the depositional zone of landslides being the easiest zone to recognize, and the established method can be generalized. These findings may provide technical support for post-earthquake emergency investigations and further promote the application of high-resolution remote sensing data from Chinese satellites for landslides recognition. © 2017, Science Press. All right reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Chinese satellite; Earthquake-induced landslides; High-resolution remote sensing; Landslide recognition; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Deposition; Disasters; Geophysics; Image reconstruction; Landslides; Losses; Remote sensing; Seismology; Earthquake-induced landslides; High resolution image; High resolution remote sensing; High resolution remote sensing images; Regional earthquakes; Remote sensing images; Visual interpretation; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes
REFERENCES: Blaschke, Thomas, Object-based image analysis and digital terrain analysis for locating landslides in the Urmia Lake basin, Iran, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, 7, 12, pp. 4806-4817, (2014); 
Borghuis, A. M., Comparison between automated and manual mapping of typhoon-triggered landslides from SPOT-5 imagery, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 28, 8, pp. 1843-1856, (2007); 
Cheng, Gong, Automatic landslide detection from remote-sensing imagery using a scene classification method based on boVW and pLSA, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 34, 1, pp. 45-59, (2013); 
Remote Sensing Technology and Application, (2013); 
Dou, Jie, Automatic case-based reasoning approach for landslide detection: Integration of object-oriented image analysis and a genetic algorithm, Remote Sensing, 7, 4, pp. 4318-4342, (2015); 
Dragut, Lucian D., Automated parameterisation for multi-scale image segmentation on multiple layers, ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 88, pp. 119-127, (2014); 
Acta Geologica Sichuan, (2011); 
Hölbling, Daniel, An object-based approach for semi-automated landslide change detection and attribution of changes to landslide classes in northern Taiwan, Earth Science Informatics, 8, 2, pp. 327-335, (2015); 
Huang, Runqiu, Mechanism and geomechanical modes of landslide hazards triggered by Wenchuan 8.0 earthquake, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 28, 6, pp. 1239-1249, (2009); 
Kurtz, Camille, Hierarchical extraction of landslides from multiresolution remotely sensed optical images, ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 87, pp. 122-136, (2014)
PUBLISHER: Science Press bcanji@mail.sioc.ac.cn
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; BRONZE OPEN ACCESS

Cerè, G., Zhao, W., Rezgui, Y., Parker, R., Hales, T., MacGillivray, B.H., Gong, Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Cerè, Giulia (57202232672); Zhao, Wanqing (36619263600); Rezgui, Yacine Y. (6701829347); Parker, Robert N. (44361526100); Hales, Tristram Charles (9741921500); MacGillivray, Brian H. (12774816300); Gong, Yi (56127977500)
57202232672; 36619263600; 6701829347; 44361526100; 9741921500; 12774816300; 56127977500
Multi-objective consideration of earthquake resilience in the built environment: The case of Wenchuan earthquake
(2017), 2018-January, pp. 513 - 520, Cited 5 times.
DOI: 10.1109/ICE.2017.8279929
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85047056600&doi=10.1109%2FICE.2017.8279929&partnerID=40&md5=bc7007d2530f8644d68274973d8f962f

AFFILIATIONS: Cardiff University, Cardiff, South Glamorgan, Wales, United Kingdom; Sustainable Places Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, South Glamorgan, Wales, United Kingdom
ABSTRACT: The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake is one of the largest and deadliest events of the last century, both in terms of victims and seismically-triggered geo-environmental hazards. The combined effects resulting from the seismic activity of 2008 led to major damages in several domains of the local society, including the built environment and the social component, highlighting the extensive gap related to resilience measures aimed at both prevention and recovery in case of a disruption. Thus, it is imperative for the development of a multi-objective and comprehensive formulation for resilience combining holistically all the diverse facets of a local community. To this regard, this paper presents a wide-spectrum analysis and preliminary findings, being structured in working threads specifically addressed in the context of an ongoing project (REACH). The focus is on the built environment damage analysis following the field work which took place in December 2016 in the Wenchuan territory, involving 3D laser scanning activity of 7 high-risk areas and the related audit and preliminary structural analysis of the damage. As a result, a set of external and internal factors have been identified as possible key causes of the surveyed damages. Of these, external factors mainly relate to environmental and hazardous properties, whereas internal indicators involve structural features as well as building regulations. © 2017 IEEE.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: built environment; earthquake; landslide; natural hazard; resilience
INDEX KEYWORDS: Environmental regulations; Hazards; Risk assessment; Spectrum analysis; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Built environment; Combined effect; Environmental hazards; External factors; Multi objective; Natural hazard; Resilience; Seismic activity; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes
REFERENCES: Li, Xiaojun, Strong motion observations and recordings from the great Wenchuan Earthquake, Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, 7, 3, pp. 235-246, (2008); 
Görüm, Tolga, Distribution pattern of earthquake-induced landslides triggered by the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Geomorphology, 133, 3-4, pp. 152-167, (2011); 
Wang, Zifa, A preliminary report on the Great Wenchuan Earthquake, Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, 7, 2, pp. 225-234, (2008); 
Huang, Runqiu, The landslide story, Nature Geoscience, 6, 5, pp. 325-326, (2013); 
Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015 2030, (2015); 
Cutter, Susan C., Social vulnerability to environmental hazards, Social Science Quarterly, 84, 2, pp. 242-261, (2003); 
Chen, Wenfang, Measuring social vulnerability to natural hazards in the Yangtze River Delta region, China, International Journal of Disaster Risk Science, 4, 4, pp. 169-181, (2013); 
Gall, Melanie, Integrated research on disaster risk: Is it really integrated?, International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 12, pp. 255-267, (2015); 
Klein, Richard J.T., Resilience to natural hazards: How useful is this concept?, Environmental Hazards, 5, 1, pp. 35-45, (2003); 
Quantification of Disaster Resilience of Health Care Facilities, (2009)
PUBLISHER: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
CONFERENCE NAME: 23rd International Conference on Engineering, Technology and Innovation, ICE/ITMC 2017
CONFERENCE DATE: 2017-06-27 through 2017-06-29
CONFERENCE LOCATION: Madeira Island
CONFERENCE CODE: 134550
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wu, L.Z., Shi, J.S., Xu, Q.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wu, Lizhou (55487546500); Shi, Jusong (7404495701); Xu, Qiang (56506033600)
55487546500; 7404495701; 56506033600
The rainfall-induced Wulipo rockslide, China: a modified model for rockslide initiation
(2017) Environmental Earth Sciences, 76 (14), art. no. 497, Cited 11 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s12665-017-6826-z
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85025442216&doi=10.1007%2Fs12665-017-6826-z&partnerID=40&md5=74d02f6d43184894a669b5843573f7c8

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Neotectonic Movement and Geohazard, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: During the May 12, 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, rock masses in the earthquake region were shaken, and subsequently, a number of post-earthquake landslides and debris flows occurred, triggered by heavy rainstorms. This paper presents a study of the rainfall-induced mechanism that triggered the landslides. This study is based on pre- and post-landslide geomorphology and geological features identified from pre-landslide high-resolution satellite imagery and post-landslide aerial photographs of the Wulipo landslide. The remote sensing observations were verified by field investigations. The results indicate that the heavy storm that occurred in July 2013 was the main trigger for the landslide although existing tensions and weak rock interfaces were the main internal causes for reactivation of the landslide. The bedding in the rocks dips in the same direction as the topographic slope. A tensile trough developed at the scarp. Based on data from the Wulipo rockslide, a model is proposed for calculating the safety factor for rockslides that takes into account the hydrostatic pressure along the structural plane of the rockslide. The results show that the proposed method can effectively estimate the stability of a storm-induced rockslide in regions underlain by bedded rocks. Based on this estimate, it is concluded that the Wulipo rockslide is a reactivated old rockslide. © 2017, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Bedding sliding; Initiation mechanism; Rock slope; Storm-induced rockslide; Wulipo rockslide
INDEX KEYWORDS: Earthquakes; Geophysics; Hydrostatic pressure; Rain; Rocks; Safety factor; Satellite imagery; Storms; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Bedding sliding; Field investigation; Geological features; High resolution satellite imagery; Initiation mechanism; Rock slope; Wulipo rockslide; Landslides; aerial photograph; bedding plane; debris flow; geomorphology; landslide; model; postseismic process; rainfall; rainstorm; rock mass response; satellite imagery; Sichuan earthquake 2008; site investigation; sliding; slope stability; topography; trough; China
REFERENCES: Chai, Bo, Diagrammatize movement disintegration patterns of bedding rockslide, Environmental Earth Sciences, 75, 4, pp. 1-16, (2016); 
Rock Slope Engineering, (1981); 
Rock Slope Stability, (1999); 
Luo, Qiang, Quasi-static analysis of seismic stability of anchored rock slope under surcharge and water pressure conditions, Yantu Lixue/Rock and Soil Mechanics, 31, 11, pp. 3585-3593, (2010); 
Palenzuela, José Antonio, Assessing critical rainfall thresholds for landslide triggering by generating additional information from a reduced database: an approach with examples from the Betic Cordillera (Spain), Natural Hazards, 84, 1, pp. 185-212, (2016); 
Sharma, S. K., Plane failure analysis of rock slopes, Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, 13, 2, pp. 105-111, (1995); 
Shu, Jisen, Improving on assumption for water pressure distributing on failure surface in rock slope, Zhongguo Kuangye Daxue Xuebao/Journal of China University of Mining and Technology, 33, 5, pp. 509-512, (2004); 
Shukla, Sanjay K., Analytical expression for factor of safety of an anchored rock slope against plane failure, International Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 5, 2, pp. 181-187, (2011); 
Shukla, Sanjay K., Effect of surcharge on the stability of anchored rock slope with water filled tension crack under seismic loading condition, Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, 27, 4, pp. 529-538, (2009); 
Wu, Hengbin, Stability study of slope with planar failure based on different water pressure distributions, Yantu Lixue/Rock and Soil Mechanics, 32, 8, pp. 2493-2499, (2011)
PUBLISHER: Springer Verlag service@springer.de
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Yang, G., Cheng, S., Zhang, L., Li, J., Yu, H.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Yang, Gang (57075284200); Cheng, Song (7404685011); Zhang, Li (56283286100); Li, Jiyue (36174439800); Yu, Hui (55515499400)
57075284200; 7404685011; 56283286100; 36174439800; 55515499400
Substantial water loss from forest surface soil after the Wenchuan earthquake
(2017) Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 26 (7), pp. 4350 - 4356, Cited 1 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85025065107&partnerID=40&md5=d898d0d48eacbb79dbb4b7ecd5ae3cd1

AFFILIATIONS: School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, China; College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, China; GeCheng Global Eco-Tech Inc., Columbus, OH, United States; Everglades Wetland Research Park, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, FL, United States; College of Forestry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: This study aimed to determine the water loss quantity of surface soil from temperate forests after severe earthquake. We established three plots at each of the landslide and non-landslide Cupressus fu- nebris stands at Shiyan site, two plots in the landslide and three in the non-landslide Cryptorneria fortimei forest stands at the Shuanadian site near the fault belt c of the Wenchuan Earthquake. Each of the plots was 20 111 x 20 111. In June and October, for analysis of soil water properties, soil samples were collected by aluminum cylinders (100 cm3) at each of three soil layers (0-10. 10-20, 20-40 cm), respectively, at the center and near the four corners of each plot. We found that saturated water content and capillary water capacity were lower in landslide plots than in non-landslide ones, with the landslide-induced soil water loss at the forest stands ranging from 74 to 357 t linr, indicating that earthquake-induced landslide dried the surface soil of forest. Such earthquake-in- duced soil drying varied with different forest stands. Compared with that of C. fimebris, the surface soil of C. fortimei lost less soil water, suggesting the greater water retention ability of the latter. The water stress created by earthquake-induced landslides may be the dominant contributor to the tree mortality in C. fimebris and C. fortimei in the fault zone of the Wenchuan Earthquake. © by PSP.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Landslide; Soil water properties; Temperate forests; Tree mortality; Wenchuan
INDEX KEYWORDS: coniferous forest; coniferous tree; fault zone; forest soil; landslide; mortality; Sichuan earthquake 2008; site investigation; soil analysis; soil property; soil water; soil water potential; stand structure; temperate forest; water retention; China; Hubei; Shiyan; Cupressus; Nebris
REFERENCES: Attiwill, Peter M., The disturbance of forest ecosystems: the ecological basis for conservative management, Forest Ecology and Management, 63, 2-3, pp. 247-300, (1994); 
J Mountain Science, (2008); 
Schuster, Robert L., Overview of the effects of mass wasting on the natural environment, Environmental and Engineering Geoscience, 13, 1, pp. 25-44, (2007); 
Mohr, Christian H., Streamflow response in small upland catchments in the Chilean coastal range to the MW 8.8 Maule earthquake on 27 February 2010, Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 117, 2, (2012); 
Lai, Guijuan, Tidal response variation and recovery following the Wenchuan earthquake from water level data of multiple wells in the nearfield, Tectonophysics, 619-620, pp. 115-122, (2014); 
Beyabanaki, S. Amir Reza, Effects of groundwater table position, soil strength properties and rainfall on instability of earthquake-triggered landslides, Environmental Earth Sciences, 75, 4, pp. 1-13, (2016); 
Chen, Huai, Aftermath of the wenchuan earthquake, Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 7, 2, (2009); 
Industrial Construction, (2007); 
Cheng, Song, Impacts of Wenchuan Earthquake-induced landslides on soil physical properties and tree growth, Ecological Indicators, 15, 1, pp. 263-270, (2012); 
Compaction of forest soils. A review, Australian Journal of Soil Research, 18, 2, pp. 163-189, (1980)
PUBLISHER: Parlar Scientific Publications parlar@masell.com
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Qiu, H.-Z., Kong, J.-M., Wang, R.-C., Cui, Y., Huang, S.-W.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Qiu, Hongzhi (55898540100); Kong, Jiming (55793897000); Wang, Renchao (59808598500); Cui, Yun (57188824346); Huang, Senwang (57188829975)
55898540100; 55793897000; 59808598500; 57188824346; 57188829975
Response mechanism of post-earthquake slopes under heavy rainfall
(2017) Journal of Seismology, 21 (4), pp. 869 - 884, Cited 14 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s10950-017-9641-9
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85010993687&doi=10.1007%2Fs10950-017-9641-9&partnerID=40&md5=0cd65426903be033aa6ab7ab529a63c5

AFFILIATIONS: School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: This paper uses the catastrophic landslide that occurred in Zhongxing Town, Dujiangyan City, as an example to study the formation mechanism of landslides induced by heavy rainfall in the post-Wenchuan earthquake area. The deformation characteristics of a slope under seismic loading were investigated via a shaking table test. The results show that a large number of cracks formed in the slope due to the tensile and shear forces of the vibrations, and most of the cracks had angles of approximately 45° with respect to the horizontal. A series of flume tests were performed to show how the duration and intensity of rainfall influence the responses of the shaken and non-shaken slopes. Wetting fronts were recorded under different rainfall intensities, and the depth of rainfall infiltration was greater in the shaken slope than in the non-shaken slope because the former experienced a greater extreme rainfall intensity under the same early rainfall and rainfall duration conditions. At the beginning of the rainfall infiltration experiment, the pore water pressure in the slope was negative, and settling occurred at the top of the slope. With increasing rainfall, the pore water pressure changed from negative to positive, and cracks were observed on the back surface of the slope and the shear outlet of the landslide on the front of the slope. The shaken slope was more susceptible to crack formation than the non-shaken slope under the same rainfall conditions. A comparison of the responses of the shaken and non-shaken slopes under heavy rainfall revealed that cracks formed by earthquakes provided channels for infiltration. Soil particles in the cracks of slopes were washed away, and the pore water pressure increased rapidly, especially the transient pore water pressure in the slope caused by short-term concentrated rainfall which decreased rock strength and slope stability. © 2017, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Damaged slope; Flume test; Post-earthquake slope; Rainfall infiltration; Rainfall-induced landslide
INDEX KEYWORDS: earthquake damage; flume experiment; formation mechanism; infiltration; landslide; rainfall; slope failure; China; Dujiangyan; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Cao, Jiansheng, Field experiment on discharge of rain seepage from fissured rock in a catchment, Shuili Xuebao/Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 36, 11, pp. 1335-1340, (2005); 
Engineering Geology, (2004); 
Cui, Peng, The Wenchuan Earthquake (May 12, 2008), Sichuan Province, China, and resulting geohazards, Natural Hazards, 56, 1, pp. 19-36, (2011); 
Dong, Jinyu, The large-scale shaking table test study of dynamic response and failure mode of bedding rock slope under earthquake, Yantu Lixue/Rock and Soil Mechanics, 32, 10, pp. 2977-2988, (2011); 
Duan, Qingbao, Experimental studies on gas and water permeability of fault rocks from the rupture of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Science China Earth Sciences, 57, 11, pp. 2825-2834, (2014); 
Seismology and Geology, (2008); 
Hicher, Pierre Yves, Multi-scale modeling of grouted sand behavior, International Journal of Solids and Structures, 45, 16, pp. 4362-4374, (2008); 
Huang, Runqiu, Post-earthquake landsliding and long-term impacts in the Wenchuan earthquake area, China, Engineering Geology, 182, PB, pp. 111-120, (2014); 
Keefer, David K., LANDSLIDES CAUSED BY EARTHQUAKES., Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 95, 4, pp. 406-421, (1984); 
Koi, Takashi, Prolonged impact of earthquake-induced landslides on sediment yield in a mountain watershed: The Tanzawa region, Japan, Geomorphology, 101, 4, pp. 692-702, (2008)
PUBLISHER: Springer Netherlands
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wang, J., Pan, H., Ou, G., Gong, Q., Wei, X.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wang, Jun (57214696475); Pan, Huali (23493786200); Ou, Guoqiang (8891006800); Gong, Qinghua (56602260100); Wei, Xinfeng (57193207038)
57214696475; 23493786200; 8891006800; 56602260100; 57193207038
Prediction of Debris Flow Runoff Process Based on Hydrological Model: a Case Study at Shenxi Gully, Regarding a Long-Term Impact by Wenchuan Earthquake
(2017) Journal of Donghua University (English Edition), 34 (3), pp. 398 - 404, Cited 1 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85028992980&partnerID=40&md5=876926aa1dbbe51579b00752c830b6eb

AFFILIATIONS: Guangzhou Institute of Geography, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangzhou Institute of Geography, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; China Petroleum Pipeline Engineering Co., Ltd., Langfang, Hebei, China
ABSTRACT: Debris flow runoff process is one of key parameters for the design of emergency measures and control engineering. The Shenxi gully in Dujiangyan region, located in the meizoseismal areas of Wenchuan earthquake, was selected as the study area. Based on the research of hazard inducing environment, a soil conservation service (SCS) hydrological model was used to simulate the process of water flow, and then the debris flow runoff process was calculated using the empirical formula combining the results from the SCS hydrological model. Taking the debris flow event occurred on July 9th, 2013 as an example, the peak discharges of water flow and debris flow were calculated as 162.12 and 689.22 m3/s, with error of 6.03% compared to the measured values. The debris flow confluence process lasted 1.8 h, which was similar with the actual result. The proposed methodology can be applied to predict the debris flow runoff process in quake-hit areas of the Wenchuan earthquake and is of great importance for debris flow mitigation. © © 2017 Editorial Board of Journal of Donghua University, Shanghai, China.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flow runoff process; Hazard inducing environment; Hydrological simulation; Wenchuan earthquake
REFERENCES: Wang, Jun, A modified certainty coefficient method (M-CF) for debris flow susceptibility assessment: A case study for the Wenchuan earthquake meizoseismal areas, Journal of Mountain Science, 11, 5, pp. 1286-1297, (2014); 
Hu, Kaiheng, Characteristic rainfall for warning of debris flows, Journal of Mountain Science, 7, 3, pp. 207-214, (2010); 
Liu, Jinfeng, Identification of potential sites of debris flows in the upper Min River drainage, following environmental changes caused by the Wenchuan earthquake, Journal of Mountain Science, 7, 3, pp. 255-263, (2010); 
Cui, Peng, The Wenchuan Earthquake (May 12, 2008), Sichuan Province, China, and resulting geohazards, Natural Hazards, 56, 1, pp. 19-36, (2011); 
Tang, Chuan, Rainfall-triggered debris flows following the Wenchuan earthquake, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 68, 2, pp. 187-194, (2009); 
Tang, Chuan, Triggering conditions and depositional characteristics of a disastrous debris flow event in Zhouqu city, Gansu Province, northwestern China, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 11, 11, pp. 2903-2912, (2011); 
Wang, Jun, Debris flow formation process and critical hydrodynamic conditions in the meizoseismal area of the Wenchuan earthquake, Journal of Mountain Science, 12, 3, pp. 699-710, (2015); 
Cui, Peng, Prediction of debris-flow danger area by combining hydrological and inundation simulation methods, Journal of Mountain Science, 8, 1, pp. 1-9, (2011); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2008); 
Berti, Matteo, Experimental evidences and numerical modelling of debris flow initiated by channel runoff, Landslides, 2, 3, pp. 171-182, (2005)
PUBLISHER: Editorial Board of Journal of Dong Hua University
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zhan, W., Fan, X., Huang, R., Pei, X., Xu, Q., Li, W.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhan, Weiwei (57194511378); Fan, Xuanmei (12752112800); Huang, Runqiu (55835407700); Pei, Xiangjun (14058672500); Xu, Qiang (56506033600); Li, Weile (25936551300)
57194511378; 12752112800; 55835407700; 14058672500; 56506033600; 25936551300
Empirical prediction for travel distance of channelized rock avalanches in the Wenchuan earthquake area
(2017) Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 17 (6), pp. 833 - 844, Cited 41 times.
DOI: 10.5194/nhess-17-833-2017
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85020437053&doi=10.5194%2Fnhess-17-833-2017&partnerID=40&md5=bdbd73ddb4d02f7af76d1ec71d4f4b59

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: Rock avalanches are extremely rapid, massive flow-like movements of fragmented rock. The travel path of the rock avalanches may be confined by channels in some cases, which are referred to as channelized rock avalanches. Channelized rock avalanches are potentially dangerous due to their difficult-To-predict travel distance. In this study, we constructed a dataset with detailed characteristic parameters of 38 channelized rock avalanches triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake using the visual interpretation of remote sensing imagery, field investigation and literature review. Based on this dataset, we assessed the influence of different factors on the runout distance and developed prediction models of the channelized rock avalanches using the multivariate regression method. The results suggested that the movement of channelized rock avalanche was dominated by the landslide volume, total relief and channel gradient. The performance of both models was then tested with an independent validation dataset of eight rock avalanches that were induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, the <i>M</i>s 7.0 Lushan earthquake and heavy rainfall in 2013, showing acceptable good prediction results. Therefore, the travel-distance prediction models for channelized rock avalanches constructed in this study are applicable and reliable for predicting the runout of similar rock avalanches in other regions. ©Author(s) 2017.
INDEX KEYWORDS: earthquake event; empirical analysis; imaging method; prediction; rainfall; regression analysis; remote sensing; rock avalanche; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Wissenschaftliche Alpenvereinshefte, (1974); 
Corominas, Jordi, The angle of reach as a mobility index for small and large landslides, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 33, 2, pp. 260-271, (1996); 
Davies, Timothy R.H., A fragmentation-spreading model for long-runout rock avalanches, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 36, 6, pp. 1096-1110, (1999); 
Fan, Xuanmei, Empirical prediction of coseismic landslide dam formation, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 39, 14, pp. 1913-1926, (2014); 
Finlay, P. J., Landslide risk assessment: Prediction of travel distance, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 36, 3, pp. 556-562, (1999); 
Gauer, Peter, Can we learn more from the data underlying the statistical α-α model with respect to the dynamical behavior of avalanches?, Cold Regions Science and Technology, 62, 1, pp. 42-54, (2010); 
Guo, Deping, An empirical model for landslide travel distance prediction in Wenchuan earthquake area, Landslides, 11, 2, pp. 281-291, (2014); 
Bergsturz Und Menschenleben, (1932); 
Huang, Runqiu, Mechanism and geo-mechanics models of landslides triggered by 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake, Journal of Mountain Science, 8, 2, pp. 200-210, (2011); 
Hungr, Oldrich, A review of the classification of landslides of the flow type, Environmental and Engineering Geoscience, 7, 3, pp. 221-238, (2001)
PUBLISHER: Copernicus GmbH info@copernicus.org
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Chen, X.-Z., Cui, Y.-F.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Chen, Xingzhang (25623240400); Cui, Yifei (57193514784)
25623240400; 57193514784
The formation of the Wulipo landslide and the resulting debris flow in Dujiangyan City, China
(2017) Journal of Mountain Science, 14 (6), pp. 1100 - 1112, Cited 74 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11629-017-4392-1
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85021158706&doi=10.1007%2Fs11629-017-4392-1&partnerID=40&md5=0d60e2088433d0a7dbdbf3e74a085bcd

AFFILIATIONS: School of Environment and Resource, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, China; Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
ABSTRACT: The Wulipo landslide, triggered by heavy rainfall on July 10, 2013, transformed into debris flow, resulted in the destruction of 12 houses, 44 deaths, and 117 missing. Our systematic investigation has led to the following results and to a new understanding about the formation and evolution process of this hazard. The fundamental factors of the formation of the landslide are a high-steep free surface at the front of the slide mass and the sandstone-mudstone mixed stratum structure of the slope. The inducing factor of the landslide is hydrostatic and hydrodynamic pressure change caused by heavy continuous rainfall. The geological mechanical model of the landslide can be summarized as “instability - translational slide - tension fracture - collapse” and the formation mechanism as “translational landslide induced by heavy rainfall”. The total volume of the landslide is 124.6×104 m3, and 16.3% of the sliding mass was dropped down from the cliff and transformed into debris flow during the sliding process, which enlarged 46.7% of the original sliding deposit area. The final accumulation area is found to be 9.2×104 m2. The hazard is a typical example of a disaster chain involving landslide and its induced debris flow. The concealment and disaster chain effect is the main reason for the heavy damage. In future risk assessment, it is suggested to enhance the research on potential landslide identification for weakly intercalated slopes. By considering the influence of the behaviors of landslide-induced debris flow, the disaster area could be determined more reasonably. © 2017, Science Press, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, CAS and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flow; Disaster chain effect; Geological hazard area; Heavy rainfall; Landslide; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: damage; debris flow; formation mechanism; hazard assessment; landslide; precipitation intensity; rainfall; risk assessment; Sichuan earthquake 2008; sliding; slope dynamics; trigger mechanism; China; Dujiangyan; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Aucelli, Pietro Patrizio Ciro, A deep, stratigraphically and structurally controlled landslide: The case of Mount La Civita (Molise, Italy), Landslides, 10, 5, pp. 645-656, (2013); 
Borrelli, Luigi, Geology, geomorphology and dynamics of the 15 February 2010 Maierato landslide (Calabria, Italy), Geomorphology, 208, pp. 50-73, (2014); 
Chen, Huayong, Experimental study of debris flow caused by domino failures of landslide dams, International Journal of Sediment Research, 29, 3, pp. 414-422, (2014); 
Chen, Xiaoqing, Artificial rainfall experimental study on landslide translation to debris flow, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 25, 1, pp. 106-116, (2006); 
Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control, (2006); 
Crosta, Giovanni Battista, Failure and flow development of a complex slide: The 1993 Sesa landslide, Engineering Geology, 59, 1-2, pp. 173-199, (2001); 
Cruden, David M., Landslide types and processes, Special Report - National Research Council, Transportation Research Board, 247, pp. 36-75, (1996); 
Cui, Peng, Scale amplification of natural debris flows caused by cascading landslide dam failures, Geomorphology, 182, pp. 173-189, (2013); 
Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011); 
Fan, Xuanmei, The genetic mechanism of a translational landslide, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 68, 2, pp. 231-244, (2009)
PUBLISHER: Science Press shengtaixuebao@mail.rcees.ac.cn
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Song, Y., Huang, D., Zeng, B.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Song, Yixiang (57190386188); Huang, Da (55079254000); Zeng, Bin (57202661423)
57190386188; 55079254000; 57202661423
GPU-based parallel computation for discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA) method and its application to modelling earthquake-induced landslide
(2017) Computers and Geotechnics, 86, pp. 80 - 94, Cited 58 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.compgeo.2017.01.001
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85009354308&doi=10.1016%2Fj.compgeo.2017.01.001&partnerID=40&md5=c50844371789e6201e8461c0a1f0f226

AFFILIATIONS: Chongqing University, Chongqing, China; School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
ABSTRACT: Graphic Processing Unit (GPU), as a computing device, has upgraded from single-subject graphical processors to multi-core processors with tremendous computational horsepower. This paper proposes to accelerate the DDA using parallel Jacobi Preconditioned Conjugate Gradient (JPCG) technique on GPUs. Based on the results of two numerical examples, the calculation accuracies of the DDA with serial and parallel solvers are validated, and we found that the DDA with parallel solvers exhibits a much higher execution efficiency. The movement process of Daguangbao landslide triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake is replicated and the modeled deposit pattern coincides well with the actual topography after earthquake. © 2017 Elsevier Ltd
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Daguangbao landslide; DDA; GPU; Jacobi Preconditioned Conjugate Gradient
INDEX KEYWORDS: Computer graphics equipment; Conjugate gradient method; Digital differential analyzers; Earthquakes; Geophysics; Landslides; Program processors; Calculation accuracy; Daguangbao landslides; Discontinuous deformation analysis; Earthquake-induced landslides; Graphic processing unit(GPU); Jacobi-preconditioned conjugate gradients; Multi-core processor; Parallel Computation; Parallel processing systems; deformation; landslide; modeling; Sichuan earthquake 2008; topography; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: undefined; 
Shi, Genhua, Two dimensional discontinuous deformation analysis, International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, 9, 6, pp. 541-556, (1985); 
Wu, Jian Hong, Seismic landslide simulations in discontinuous deformation analysis, Computers and Geotechnics, 37, 5, pp. 594-601, (2010); 
Wu, Jian Hong, Dynamic discrete analysis of an earthquake-induced large-scale landslide, International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 46, 2, pp. 397-407, (2009); 
Zhang, Yingbin Bin, Effects of near-fault seismic loadings on run-out of large-scale landslide: A case study, Engineering Geology, 166, pp. 216-236, (2013); 
Hatzor, Yossef H., Dynamic stability analysis of jointed rock slopes using the DDA method: King Herod's Palace, Masada, Israel, International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 41, 5, pp. 813-832, (2004); 
Zhang, Yonghui, Modification of the discontinuous deformation analysis method and its application to seismic response analysis of large underground caverns, Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 40, pp. 241-250, (2014); 
Hatzor, Yossef H., Stability of shallow karstic caverns in blocky rock masses, International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 47, 8, pp. 1289-1303, (2010); 
Huang, Da, Numerical Modeling of Earthquake-Induced Landslide Using an Improved Discontinuous Deformation Analysis Considering Dynamic Friction Degradation of Joints, Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 49, 12, pp. 4767-4786, (2016); 
Wu, Jian Hong, Application of DDA to simulate characteristics of the Tsaoling landslide, Computers and Geotechnics, 38, 5, pp. 741-750, (2011)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier Ltd
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Dai, Z., Huang, Y., Cheng, H., Xu, Q.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Dai, Zili (54398313300); Huang, Yu (57204857931); Cheng, Hualin (57199118591); Xu, Qiang (56506033600)
54398313300; 57204857931; 57199118591; 56506033600
SPH model for fluid–structure interaction and its application to debris flow impact estimation
(2017) Landslides, 14 (3), pp. 917 - 928, Cited 168 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s10346-016-0777-4
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84996938051&doi=10.1007%2Fs10346-016-0777-4&partnerID=40&md5=fdc378e0d868773036c7e854de89606e

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Geotechnical Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Engineering, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Reduction, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China; State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: On 13 August 2010, significant debris flows were triggered by intense rainfall events in Wenchuan earthquake-affected areas, destroying numerous houses, bridges, and traffic facilities. To investigate the impact force of debris flows, a fluid–structure coupled numerical model based on smoothed particle hydrodynamics is established in this work. The debris flow material is modeled as a viscous fluid, and the check dams are simulated as elastic solid (note that only the maximum impact forces are evaluated in this work). The governing equations of both phases are solved respectively, and their interaction is calculated. We validate the model with the simulation of a sand flow model test and confirm its ability to calculate the impact force. The Wenjia gully and Hongchun gully debris flows are simulated as the application of the coupled smoothed particle hydrodynamic model. The propagation of the debris flows is then predicted, and we obtain the evolution of the impact forces on the check dams. © 2016, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flow; Fluid–structure interaction; Impact force; Smoothed particle hydrodynamics
INDEX KEYWORDS: Debris; Earthquakes; Flow of fluids; Fluid dynamics; Landforms; Coupled numerical models; Debris flows; Governing equations; Impact force; Intense rainfalls; ITS applications; Smoothed particle hydrodynamics; Wenchuan Earthquake; Hydrodynamics; dam; debris flow; fluid-structure interaction; force; hydrodynamics; model test; model validation; numerical model; rainfall; trigger mechanism; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Beguería, Santiago, A GIS-based numerical model for simulating the kinematics of mud and debris flows over complex terrain, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 9, 6, pp. 1897-1909, (2009); 
Belytschko, T., Meshless methods: An overview and recent developments, Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 139, 1-4, pp. 3-47, (1996); 
Bonet, Javier, Variational and momentum preservation aspects of Smooth Particle Hydrodynamic formulations, Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 180, 1-2, pp. 97-115, (1999); 
Cascini, Leonardo, SPH run-out modelling of channelised landslides of the flow type, Geomorphology, 214, pp. 502-513, (2014); 
Chen, Chenglung, Generalized viscoplastic modeling of debris flow, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 114, 3, pp. 237-258, (1988); 
Chen, H., Numerical simulation of debris flows, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 37, 1, pp. 146-160, (2000); 
Chen, Zhiyi, Numerical simulation of large deformation in shear panel dampers using smoothed particle hydrodynamics, Engineering Structures, 48, pp. 245-254, (2013); 
Balkema, (2001); 
Cleary, Paul W., Smooth particle hydrodynamics: Status and future potential, Progress in Computational Fluid Dynamics, 7, 2-4, pp. 70-90, (2007); 
Dai, Zili, 3D numerical modeling using smoothed particle hydrodynamics of flow-like landslide propagation triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Engineering Geology, 180, pp. 21-33, (2014)
PUBLISHER: Springer Verlag service@springer.de
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Cui, S., Wang, G., Pei, X., Huang, R., Kamai, T.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Cui, Shenghua (56660242900); Wang, Gonghui (8532560900); Pei, Xiangjun (14058672500); Huang, Runqiu (55835407700); Kamai, Toshitaka (7003797392)
56660242900; 8532560900; 14058672500; 55835407700; 7003797392
On the initiation and movement mechanisms of a catastrophic landslide triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan (Ms 8.0) earthquake in the epicenter area
(2017) Landslides, 14 (3), pp. 805 - 819, Cited 39 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s10346-016-0754-y
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84988697098&doi=10.1007%2Fs10346-016-0754-y&partnerID=40&md5=c77ea20684b1ade8a41929cee9a28f9a

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
ABSTRACT: The Niumiangou landslide (~7.5 × 106 m3) was the largest that occurred in the town of Yingxiu (the epicentral area) during the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. This landslide originated on a steep slope (~30°) that was located directly above the rupture surface of the responsible fault and then traveled ~2 km after flowing down the axes of two gently sloping (<12°) valleys. Evidence at the site indicates that the landslide materials were highly fluidized and underwent rapid movement. To examine the initiation and movement mechanisms of this landslide, we performed a detailed field survey, conducted laboratory tests on samples taken from the field, and analyzed the seismic motion. We conclude that the landside materials were displaced due to seismic loading during the earthquake and that liquefaction may have been triggered in saturated layers above the sliding surface with progressive downslope sliding, which resulted in the high mobility of the displaced materials. The liquefaction of colluvial deposits along the travel path due to loading by the sliding mass enhanced the mobility of the displaced mass originating in the source area. Using an energy-based approach, we estimated the dissipated energy in our cyclic loading test and the possible energy dissipated to the soil layer on the slope by the earthquake. We infer that the seismic energy available for the initiation of the slope failure in the source area may have greatly exceeded the amount required for the initiation of the liquefaction failure. The slope instability might have been triggered several seconds after the arrival of seismic motion. © 2016, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Epicenter area; Large landslide; Liquefaction; Mobility; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Carrier mobility; Cyclic loads; Energy dissipation; Fluidization; Landslides; Liquefaction; Soil liquefaction; Soils; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Catastrophic landslides; Colluvial deposits; Cyclic loading test; Energy based approach; Epicenter area; Movement mechanism; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes; catastrophic event; colluvial deposit; cyclic loading; earthquake epicenter; earthquake rupture; earthquake trigger; instability; landslide; liquefaction; loading test; movement; seismic moment; Sichuan earthquake 2008; sliding; slope failure; China; Sichuan; Yingxiu
REFERENCES: Bishop, Alan W., A new ring shear apparatus and its application to the measurement of residual strength, Geotechnique, 21, 4, pp. 273-328, (1971); 
Bromhead, Edward Nicholas, SIMPLE RING SHEAR APPARATUS., Ground Engineering, 12, 5, pp. 40-44, (1979); 
Burchfiel, B. Clark, A geological and geophysical context for the Wenchuan earthquake of 12 May 2008, Sichuan, People's Republic of China, GSA Today, 18, 7, pp. 4-11, (2008); 
Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology, (2009); 
Chigira, Masahiro, Landslides induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China, Geomorphology, 118, 3-4, pp. 225-238, (2010); 
Mcgraw Hill, (1959); 
Crosta, Giovanni Battista, Small fast-moving flow-like landslides in volcanic deposits: The 2001 Las Colinas Landslide (El Salvador), Engineering Geology, 79, 3-4, pp. 185-214, (2005); 
Crosta, Giovanni Battista, Fragmentation in the Val Pola rock avalanche, Italian Alps, Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 112, 1, (2007); 
Dade, William Brian, Long-runout rockfalls, Geology, 26, 9, pp. 803-806, (1998); 
Dai, Fuchu, Rock avalanches triggered by oblique-thrusting during the 12 May 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Geomorphology, 132, 3-4, pp. 300-318, (2011)
PUBLISHER: Springer Verlag service@springer.de
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zhang, X., Wang, Y., Wu, R.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhang, Xin (56468714900); Wang, Yunsheng (7601489707); Wu, Ran (57195304558)
56468714900; 7601489707; 57195304558
Risk assessment and possibility analysis of river-blocking caused by debris flow of Yumaipengzi Valley in Qingping, Sichuan Province
(2017) Journal of Natural Disasters, 26 (2), pp. 204 - 211, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.13577/j.jnd.2017.0224
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85026864950&doi=10.13577%2Fj.jnd.2017.0224&partnerID=40&md5=90815ee37e4cea67acd2f08c6dcf6355

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Anhui Institute of Geological Experiment, Hefei, Anhui, China
ABSTRACT: A series of large-scale mass of debris flow have been caused by continuous heavy rainfall after the Wenchuan earthquake in the Qingping township, Mianzhu City and three times larger scale of debris flow have broken out in Yumaipengzi Valley, especially. It caused a certain degree of loss for the plant and equipment of Xiaomuling Hydropower Station, life and property safety of power station staff also suffer a serious threat. Based on the field investigation and comprehensive analysis of basic characteristics and formation conditions of the debris flow, the risk assessment and the possibility analysis of blocking river were carried out. The results indicate that the characteristics of Yumaipengzi Valley debris flow is viscous, and integral scale of the debris flow is medium; the topography, structure and material source of the basin are favorable for the formation of debris flow, especially the possibility of occurrence of debris flow again under the action of heavy rainfall; the risk assessment result of Yumaipengzi valley indicates that the valley has middle risk of occurrence of debris flow; through the calculation and analysis, in case of rainstorm of 10-100 years return period, the occurrence of debris flow will result in blocking the river, even completely blocking the main channel.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Analysis of river-blocking; Debris flow characteristics; Formation condition; Risk assessment; Yumaipengzi Valley
INDEX KEYWORDS: basin; debris flow; rainfall; rainstorm; risk assessment; topography; valley; China; Mianzhu; Qingping; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Yu, Bin, Activity tendency of debris flow gully in Wenchuan County after "5.12" Wenchuan earthquake, Journal of Natural Disasters, 20, 6, pp. 68-73, (2011); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2011); 
Hydrogeology Engineering Geology, (2011); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2010); 
Journal of Mountain Sciences, (2012); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2011); 
Journal of Catastrophology, (2011); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2010); 
South to North Water Diversion and Water Science Technology, (2011); 
Chang, Ming, Characteristics of giant debris flow hazard of the Zoumaling gully occurred on August 13, 2010 in Qingping area of Mianzhu, Sichuan, China, Journal of Chengdu University of Technology (Science and Technology Edition), 39, 6, pp. 629-635, (2012)
PUBLISHER: Science Press shengtaixuebao@mail.rcees.ac.cn
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Chen, X., Cui, P., You, Y., Cheng, Z., Khan, A., Ye, C., Zhang, S.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Chen, Xiaoqing (55739112600); Cui, Peng (56706923500); You, Yong (35811595800); Cheng, Zunlan (18433736100); Khan, Asif (7404911132); Ye, Chengyin (57193724702); Zhang, Shu (57196100947)
55739112600; 56706923500; 35811595800; 18433736100; 7404911132; 57193724702; 57196100947
Dam-break risk analysis of the Attabad landslide dam in Pakistan and emergency countermeasures
(2017) Landslides, 14 (2), pp. 675 - 683, Cited 53 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s10346-016-0721-7
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85016109027&doi=10.1007%2Fs10346-016-0721-7&partnerID=40&md5=e2e292a741f72db54ceb167180398064

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; CAS Center for Excellence & Innovation in Tibetan Plateau Earth System Sciences, Shantou, Beijing, China; University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
ABSTRACT: The Attabad landslide dam caused significant property losses and many human casualties in Pakistan, and also greatly affected the operation of the China-Pakistan Karakoram Highway (KKH). This paper discusses the risk of dam breach and hazards to the KKH project construction site following a dam breach. The paper examines the following three topics. (1) The geomorphologic dimensionless blockage index (DBI) and the analogy method were used to analyze the stability of the Attabad landslide dam. The long-term behaviors of landslide dams downstream of the Attabad landslide dam indicate that the risk of a dam breach exists, but the probability of a total dam failure is low. (2) The peak discharge of a potential breach of the Attabad landslide dam was calculated for scenarios in which 1/4, 1/3, 1/2, and total failure of the dam was breached. The potential breach discharge decreases with the downstream distance. (3) The potential impacts of the landslide dam breach on the KKH project construction site were analyzed. Based on the composition of the landslide dam, the probability of a 1/3 dam breach is high. To ensure the safety of downstream areas, disaster preparedness plans that correspond to the 1/2 dam breach scenario should be developed. Based on experience in addressing the landslide dam that was caused by the Wenchuan Earthquake, artificial controlled drainage measures are suggested and provide a technical reference for addressing the Attabad landslide dam and achieving recovery and normal operation of KKH. © 2016, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Attabad landslide dam; Dam-break risk analysis; Emergency disposal; Pakistan; Stability analysis
INDEX KEYWORDS: Disaster prevention; Disasters; Earthquakes; Landslides; Risk analysis; Risk assessment; Dam-breaks; Emergency disposals; Landslide dam; Pakistan; Stability analysis; Dams; dam failure; drainage; geomorphology; landslide; peak discharge; probability; risk assessment; road; road construction; safety; Sichuan earthquake 2008; stability analysis; China; Karakoram
REFERENCES: Butt, Mohsin Jamil, Landslide dam and subsequent dam-break flood estimation using HEC-RAS model in Northern Pakistan, Natural Hazards, 65, 1, pp. 241-254, (2013); 
Casagli, Nicola, Geomorphic analysis of landslide dams in the Northern Apennine, Chikei, 20, 3, pp. 219-249, (1999); 
Chang, Dongsheng, Field testing of erodibility of two landslide dams triggered by the 12 May Wenchuan earthquake, Landslides, 8, 3, pp. 321-332, (2011); 
Earth Science Frontiers, (2008); 
Chen, Xiaoqing, Emergency response to the Tangjiashan landslide-dammed lake resulting from the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake, China, Landslides, 8, 1, pp. 91-98, (2011); 
Costa, John E., FORMATION AND FAILURE OF NATURAL DAMS., Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 100, 7, pp. 1054-1068, (1988); 
Chin J Geol Hazard Control, (2005); 
Cui, Peng, Distribution and risk analysis of dammed lakes reduced by Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 41, 3, pp. 35-42, (2009); 
Cui, Peng, Landslide-dammed lake at Tangjiashan, Sichuan province, China (triggered by the Wenchuan Earthquake, May 12, 2008): Risk assessment, mitigation strategy, and lessons learned, Environmental Earth Sciences, 65, 4, pp. 1055-1065, (2012); 
Dong, J. J., Discriminant analysis of the geomorphic characteristics and stability of landslide dams, Geomorphology, 110, 3-4, pp. 162-171, (2009)
PUBLISHER: Springer Verlag service@springer.de
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Ma, C., Wang, Y., Hu, K., Du, C., Yang, W.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Ma, Chao (55580268600); Wang, Yujie (7601495034); Hu, Kaiheng (55648903800); Du, Cui (55648901900); Yang, Wentao (55499294400)
55580268600; 7601495034; 55648903800; 55648901900; 55499294400
Rainfall intensity–duration threshold and erosion competence of debris flows in four areas affected by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake
(2017) Geomorphology, 282, pp. 85 - 95, Cited 50 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2017.01.012
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85009387100&doi=10.1016%2Fj.geomorph.2017.01.012&partnerID=40&md5=520ebe15fcd0faf4f8a303d195d75390

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; School of Civil Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
ABSTRACT: Debris flows in the Wenchuan seismic region have caused human casualties and severe damage to local infrastructure. Consequently, the triggering rainfall threshold and erosion capability of post-quake debris flows has become an important research topic worldwide. In this study, we analyze five years of rainstorms and debris flow data from four typical earthquake-hit regions in order to examine the local rainfall intensity–duration (I-D) thresholds and debris supply conditions. It was found that debris flow events in the four seismic areas exhibited different I-D thresholds, related to local mean annual hourly precipitation and debris flow supply conditions. The I-D thresholds, normalized by mean annual maximum hourly rainfall, illustrate that post-quake rainfall thresholds were reduced by at least 30% compared to pre-quake levels. Regression analysis revealed a clear linear relationship between the debris supply condition and the empirical coefficient, α, of the I-D equation. This means that rainfall thresholds of post-quake debris flows in different areas are distinctive and are strongly affected by sediment volume. Different relationships between the entrainment rate and the debris volume per watershed area and its product with the channel gradient illustrate that stream sediments in Yingxiu and Dujiangyan are more eroded, and that local debris flows might persist over a shorter time than in Qingping and Beichuan in the future. Finally, debris flows in the studied area exhibit no tendency of reduction in erosion competence entrainment rate, as found in Taiwan, which might be indicative of a higher entrainment rate persisting for a longer time. © 2017 Elsevier B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flow; Debris supply; Rainfall threshold; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: debris flow; entrainment; erosion; precipitation intensity; rainstorm; Sichuan earthquake 2008; threshold; Beichuan; China; Dujiangyan; Qingping; Sichuan; Taiwan; Wenchuan; Yingxiu
REFERENCES: Baum, Rex L., Erratum: Estimating the timing and location of shallow rainfall-induced landslides using a model for transient, unsaturated infiltration (Journal of Geophysical Research (2010) 115, (F03013) DOI: 10.1029/2009JF001321), Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 118, 3, (2013); 
Berti, Matteo, Experimental evidences and numerical modelling of debris flow initiated by channel runoff, Landslides, 2, 3, pp. 171-182, (2005); 
Borga, Marco, Hydrogeomorphic response to extreme rainfall in headwater systems: Flash floods and debris flows, Journal of Hydrology, 518, PB, pp. 194-205, (2014); 
Bovis, Michael J., The role of debris supply conditions in predicting debris flow activity, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 24, 11, pp. 1039-1054, (1999); 
Caine, Nel, The rainfall intensity-duration control of shallow landslides and debris flows., Geografiska Annaler, Series A: Physical Geography, 62, 1-2, pp. 23-27, (1980); 
Cannon, Susan H., Storm rainfall conditions for floods and debris flows from recently burned areas in southwestern Colorado and southern California, Geomorphology, 96, 3-4, pp. 250-269, (2008); 
Cannon, Susan H., Predicting the probability and volume of postwildfire debris flows in the intermountain western United States, Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 122, 1-2, pp. 127-144, (2010); 
Casadei, M., Testing a model for predicting the timing and location of shallow landslide initiation in soil-mantled landscapes, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 28, 9, pp. 925-950, (2003); 
Chang, Chiwen, Estimation of sediment volume of debris flow caused by extreme rainfall in Taiwan, Engineering Geology, 123, 1-2, pp. 83-90, (2011); 
Chen, Hongey, Geological factors for hazardous debris flows in Hoser, central Taiwan, Environmental Geology, 40, 9, pp. 1114-1124, (2001)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Chen, H.X., Zhang, L.M., Gao, L., Yuan, Q., Lu, T., Xiang, B., Zhuang, W.L.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Chen, Hongxin (55089538300); Zhang, Limin Min (58883008100); Gao, Liang (56687967800); Yuan, Quan (55905398400); Lu, Tao (57657189300); Xiang, Bo (14017031400); Zhuang, Weilin (24330302600)
55089538300; 58883008100; 56687967800; 55905398400; 57657189300; 14017031400; 24330302600
Simulation of interactions among multiple debris flows
(2017) Landslides, 14 (2), pp. 595 - 615, Cited 38 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s10346-016-0710-x
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84964454390&doi=10.1007%2Fs10346-016-0710-x&partnerID=40&md5=eb575e400794f3d507514b3ea7815cd3

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Geotechnical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Engineering, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China; Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Chengdu Aircraft Design and Research Institute, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Adjacent debris flows may interact in many ways: two or more concurrent debris flows may merge; one debris flow can run out over an existing debris flow fan. Such interactions may cause debris flow properties to change in the mixing process as well as more severe adverse effects than those caused by a single debris flow. This paper aims to investigate the interactions among channelized debris flows originated from adjacent catchments. Both concurrent and successive debris flows are considered. If several debris flows originate from different locations concurrently and merge, the volumetric sediment concentration (i.e., the ratio of the volume of solid material to the total volume of debris flow), C<inf>v</inf>, is a good index to capture the mixing process of these debris flows. The change in C<inf>v</inf> reflects where mixing occurs and the mixing degree. The debris flow properties (e.g., yield stress and dynamic viscosity) evolve in the mixing process and can be captured by the change in C<inf>v</inf>. The debris flow with a larger volume dominates the mixing process, and the properties of the mixed debris flow are more similar to those of the larger debris flow. The inundated areas and runout distances of successive debris flows are smaller than those of concurrent debris flows of the same total volume due to the smaller scales of the individual events and blockage by the earlier debris flows. However, the deposit depth in the interacting part of the debris flow fans of successive debris flows can be much larger than that of concurrent debris flows, leading to more destructive cascading hazards (e.g., the formation of debris barrier lakes). The sequence of successive debris flows not only significantly influences the runout characteristics of the debris flows but also substantially affects the cascading hazards. © 2016, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Barrier lake; Landslide; Natural hazards; Slope stability; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Catchments; Earthquakes; Hazards; Lakes; Landslides; Mixing; Slope protection; Slope stability; Yield stress; Barrier lakes; Debris flow fan; Dynamic viscosities; Natural hazard; Runout distances; Sediment concentration; Solid material; Wenchuan Earthquake; Debris; concentration (composition); debris flow; mixing; natural hazard; sediment analysis; Sichuan earthquake 2008; slope stability; volume
REFERENCES: Anderson, Scott A., Analysis of rainfall-induced debris flows, Journal of Geotechcnical Engineering, 121, 7, pp. 544-552, (1995); 
Au, S. W.C., Rainfall and slope failure in Hong Kong, Engineering Geology, 36, 1-2, pp. 141-147, (1993); 
Cascini, Leonardo, Modeling of rainfall-induced shallow landslides of the flow-type, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering - ASCE, 136, 1, pp. 85-98, (2010); 
Cascini, Leonardo, Spatial and temporal occurrence of rainfall-induced shallow landslides of flow type: A case of Sarno-Quindici, Italy, Geomorphology, 126, 1-2, pp. 148-158, (2011); 
Cascini, Leonardo, SPH run-out modelling of channelised landslides of the flow type, Geomorphology, 214, pp. 502-513, (2014); 
Chen, Hongxin, A physically-based distributed cell model for predicting regional rainfall-induced shallow slope failures, Engineering Geology, 176, pp. 79-92, (2014); 
Chen, Hongxin, EDDA 1.0: Integrated simulation of debris flow erosion, deposition and property changes, Geoscientific Model Development, 8, 3, pp. 829-844, (2015); 
Chen, Hongxin, Mechanisms and runout characteristics of the rainfall-triggered debris flow in Xiaojiagou in Sichuan Province, China, Natural Hazards, 62, 3, pp. 1037-1057, (2012); 
Chen, Hongxin, Evolution of debris flow properties and physical interactions in debris-flow mixtures in the Wenchuan earthquake zone, Engineering Geology, 182, PB, pp. 136-147, (2014); 
Chen, Hongxin, Presenting regional shallow landslide movement on three-dimensional digital terrain, Engineering Geology, 195, pp. 122-134, (2015)
PUBLISHER: Springer Verlag service@springer.de
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Su, L.-J., Xu, X.-Q., Geng, X.-Y., Liang, S.-Q.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Su, Lijun (7202509267); Xu, Xingqian (55838861500); Geng, Xueyu Yu (26430533300); Liang, Shuangqing (56991919000)
7202509267; 55838861500; 26430533300; 56991919000
An integrated geophysical approach for investigating hydro-geological characteristics of a debris landslide in the Wenchuan earthquake area
(2017) Engineering Geology, 219, pp. 52 - 63, Cited 79 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2016.11.020
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85007433811&doi=10.1016%2Fj.enggeo.2016.11.020&partnerID=40&md5=3297c77498976675064ba02d634fbbd2

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; CAS Center for Excellence & Innovation in Tibetan Plateau Earth System Sciences, Shantou, Beijing, China; College of Water Conservancy, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, West Midlands, United Kingdom; School of Civil Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China
ABSTRACT: Debris landslides are one of the most widely distributed types of landslides in the Wenchuan earthquake area. The hydro-geological structure characteristics are the fundamental basis for stability evaluation, performing protection and administration of a landslide. The rock and soil mass of a debris landslide was highly non-uniform and preferential seepage paths were normally developed in it. Therefore, in situ identification of the underground water seepage system became particularly important. Recently, investigations on the seepage paths of underground water in debris landslides were restricted to indoor model testing and site observation, which were far from meeting the actual demand for landslide prevention and mitigation. To locate the seepage paths, we conducted survey work on a debris landslide seated in the Xishan Village, Li County, Sichuan Province, China, by combing four different geophysical methods. They were multichannel analysis of surface wave (MASW), electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), ground penetrating radar (GPR) and microtremor survey method (MSM). The geophysical interpretation was verified with field engineering surveys and monitoring data. The results suggested that a dendritic pipe-network seepage system usually developed in debris landslides. Varisized infiltration pipes showed the characteristics of inhomogeneity and concentration of the seepage. This work highlighted that geophysical parameters (shear wave velocity Vs, dielectric constant ε and resistivity value ρ) could provide reliable qualitative and quantitative information about the colluvial layer, bedrock interface, potential sliding surface and underground water seepage system of a landslide. The optimum combination of geophysical methods was suitable to survey the hydro-geological characteristics of debris landslides in the Wenchuan earthquake area. © 2016 Elsevier B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris landslides; Geophysical investigation; Hydro-geology; Pipe-network seepage system; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Debris; Earthquakes; Geological surveys; Geology; Ground penetrating radar systems; Groundwater; Landslides; Seepage; Shear flow; Shear waves; Surface waves; Surveys; Wave propagation; Debris landslide; Electrical resistivity tomography; Geophysical investigation; Ground penetrating radar (GPR); Multi-channel analysis of surface waves; Pipe networks; Potential sliding surfaces; Wenchuan Earthquake; Geophysics; debris avalanche; groundwater; hydrogeology; integrated approach; landslide; pipe; seepage; Sichuan earthquake 2008; Beijing [China]; China; Sichuan; Xishan
REFERENCES: Bull Earthq Res Inst, (1957); 
Anbazhagan, Panjamani, Model track studies on fouled ballast using ground penetrating radar and multichannel analysis of surface wave, Journal of Applied Geophysics, 74, 4, pp. 175-184, (2011); 
Bichler, A., Three-dimensional mapping of a landslide using a multi-geophysical approach: The Quesnel Forks landslide, Landslides, 1, 1, pp. 29-40, (2004); 
Bogoslovsky, V. A., Geophysical methods for the investigation of landslides, Geophysics, 42, 3, pp. 562-571, (1977); 
Bruno, F., Test of high-resolution seismic reflection and other geophysical techniques on the boup lanslide in the Swiss Alps, Surveys in Geophysics, 21, 4, pp. 333-348, (2000); 
Davis, J. Les, GROUND‐PENETRATING RADAR FOR HIGH‐RESOLUTION MAPPING OF SOIL AND ROCK STRATIGRAPHY, Geophysical Prospecting, 37, 5, pp. 531-551, (1989); 
Göktürkler, Gökhan, Geophysical investigation of a landslide: The Alti{dotless}ndaǧ landslide site, İzmir (western Turkey), Journal of Applied Geophysics, 65, 2, pp. 84-96, (2008); 
Grandjean, Gilles, Structural study of the Ballandaz landslide (French Alps) using geophysical imagery, Journal of Applied Geophysics, 75, 3, pp. 531-542, (2011); 
He, Keqiang, Analysis of dynamic factors of debris landslide by means of the model of quantitative theory - Using the Xintan landslide, China, as an example, Environmental Geology, 48, 6, pp. 676-681, (2005); 
Hibert, Clément, Characterizing landslides through geophysical data fusion: Example of the La Valette landslide (France), Engineering Geology, 128, pp. 23-29, (2012)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Lin, J., Wang, M., Yang, J., Yang, Q.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Lin, Jiayuan (56129616500); Wang, Meimei (57207265053); Yang, Jia (57193744075); Yang, Qingxia (59807318500)
56129616500; 57207265053; 57193744075; 59807318500
Landslide Identification and Information Extraction Based on Optical and Multispectral UAV Remote Sensing Imagery
(2017) IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 57 (1), art. no. 012017, Cited 10 times.
DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/57/1/012017
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85016285673&doi=10.1088%2F1755-1315%2F57%2F1%2F012017&partnerID=40&md5=3fbdc97a816e24389df7931b3c511dfa

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Plateau Atmosphere and Environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Jiuzhaigou Administration Bureau, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Landslide is one of the most serious natural disasters which caused enormous economic losses and casualties in the world. Fast and accurate identification of newly occurred landslide and extraction of relevant information are the premise and foundation for landslide disaster assessment and relief. As the places where landslides occur are often inaccessible for field observation because of the temporary failure in transportation and communication. Therefore, UAV remote sensing can be adopted to collect landslide information efficiently and quickly with the advantages of low cost, flexible launch and landing, safety, under-cloud-flying, and hyperspatial image resolution. Newly occurred landslides are usually accompanied with those phenomena such as vegetation burying and bedrock or bare soil exposure, which can be easily detected in optical or multispectral UAV images. By taking one typical landslide occurred in Wenchuan Earthquake stricken area in 2010 as an example, this paper demonstrates the process of integration of multispectral camera with UAV platform, NDVI generation with multispectral UAV images, three-dimensional terrain and orthophoto generation with optical UAV images, and identification and extraction of landslide information such as its location, impacted area, and earthwork volume. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.
INDEX KEYWORDS: Disasters; Earthquakes; Image resolution; Landslides; Losses; Observatories; Roads and streets; Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV); Field observations; Landslide identification; Multi-spectral cameras; Natural disasters; Three dimensional terrain; Typical landslide; UAV remote sensing; Wenchuan Earthquake; Remote sensing
REFERENCES: Delacourt, Christophe, Remote-sensing techniques for analysing landslide kinematics: A review, BSGF - Earth Sciences Bulletin, 178, 2, pp. 89-100, (2007); 
Landslides in Practice Investigation Analysis and Remedial Preventative Options in Soils, (2005); 
Introduction to 3D Data Modelling with Arcgis 3danalyst and Google Earth, (2009); 
Lear, Anne C., Digital Orthophotography: Mapping with Pictures, IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, 17, 5, pp. 12-14, (1997); 
18th Int Con on Geoinformatics, (2010); 
Trends Ecol Evol, (2006); 
Agricultural Digital Camera User S Guide, (2011); 
Great Wenchuan Earthquake Seismogeology and Landslide Hazards, (2009); 
Zhang, Wenjiang, Estimating Wenchuan Earthquake induced landslides based on remote sensing, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 31, 13, pp. 3495-3508, (2010)
PUBLISHER: Institute of Physics Publishing michael.roberts@iop.org
SPONSORS: Division of Earth Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
CONFERENCE NAME: International Symposium on Earth Observation for One Belt and One Road, EOBAR 2016
CONFERENCE DATE: 2016-05-16 through 2016-05-17
CONFERENCE LOCATION: Beijing
CONFERENCE CODE: 126881
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Li, T., He, B., Wang, R., Chen, Z., Zhang, Y., Liang, C., Zhao, P.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Li, Tianyang (57217075889); He, Binghui (7402047749); Wang, Renxin (57213139088); Chen, Zhanpeng (55541285100); Zhang, Yi (56375332700); Liang, Chuan (9940840700); Zhao, Peng (55459201000)
57217075889; 7402047749; 57213139088; 55541285100; 56375332700; 9940840700; 55459201000
Comparison of hydrodynamic parameters for predicting soil and water loss on simulation landslide deposit slope in Wenchuan earthquake area, China
(2017) Environmental Earth Sciences, 76 (4), art. no. 167, Cited 5 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s12665-017-6462-7
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85013177912&doi=10.1007%2Fs12665-017-6462-7&partnerID=40&md5=82d445236315c9226b3d02b41cef06bb

AFFILIATIONS: College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; College of Water Resources and Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Chongqing Branch, Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Chongqing, Chongqing, China
ABSTRACT: Hydrodynamic parameters should be identified firstly for predicting soil and water loss with specific issues and objectives. The laboratory simulation scouring experiments were conducted with different gravel contents, flow discharges and slopes based on the field investigation, which achieved the most suitable parameter for predicting soil and water loss on simulation landslide deposit slope in Wenchuan earthquake area, China. The results showed that the gravel content of 25% always was the threshold that controlled the flow shear stress (τ) and stream power (ω) increased or decreased under different flow discharges. The unit stream power (UP) and unit flow energy (E) both decreased when gravel contents increased. The ratio of Manning coefficient to flow depth (n/h) was higher in fine sediments with gravels than that without gravels. The flow discharge had the consistent effects on hydrodynamics which was ordered as 4 < 8 < 12 L min−1. The τ was the most suitable parameter for predicting soil and water loss by considering the degree of reliability, even though the ω also had significant positive power function with soil and water loss. The n/h could describe the hydrodynamics and soil and water loss and be the alternative parameter for predicting soil and water loss. The results provide useful information for soil and water loss prediction in landslide deposits. © 2017, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Flow depth; Gravel content; Hydrodynamics; Landslide; Manning roughness coefficient
INDEX KEYWORDS: Deposits; Earthquakes; Flowmeters; Fluid dynamics; Forecasting; Geophysics; Gravel; Hydrodynamics; Landslides; Shear flow; Shear stress; Degree of reliability; Flow depth; Gravel content; Hydrodynamic parameters; Laboratory simulation; Manning Roughness Coefficient; Scouring experiments; Wenchuan Earthquake; Soils; activity coefficient; comparative study; discharge; gravel; hydrodynamics; landslide; prediction; shear stress; simulation; slope dynamics; soil erosion; threshold; water erosion; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Ali, Mazhar, Effect of hydraulic parameters on sediment transport capacity in overland flow over erodible beds, Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 16, 2, pp. 591-601, (2012); 
Berlamont, Jean E., The characterisation of cohesive sediment properties, Coastal Engineering, 21, 1-3, pp. 105-128, (1993); 
Briaud, Jean Louis, Erosion function apparatus for scour rate predictions, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering - ASCE, 127, 2, pp. 105-113, (2001); 
Bunte, Kristin, Effects of rock fragment covers on erosion and transport of noncohesive sediment by shallow overland flow, Water Resources Research, 29, 5, pp. 1415-1424, (1993); 
Bunte, Kristin, Effects of rock fragment size and cover on overland flow hydraulics, local turbulence and sediment yield on an erodible soil surface, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 19, 2, pp. 115-135, (1994); 
Cerdà, A., Effects of rock fragment cover on soil infiltration, interrill runoff and erosion, European Journal of Soil Science, 52, 1, pp. 59-68, (2001); 
Figueiredo, Tomás De, Effects of surface rock fragment characteristics on interrill runoff and erosion of a silty loam soil, Soil and Tillage Research, 46, 1-2, pp. 81-95, (1998); 
de Roo, Ad P.J., Lisem: A single-event physically based hydrological and soil erosion model for drainage basins. I: Theory, input and output, Hydrological Processes, 10, 8, pp. 1107-1117, (1996); 
Journal of Sediment Research, (2010); 
Elliot, William J., A process-based rill erosion model, Transactions - American Society of Agricultural Engineers: General Edition, 36, 1, pp. 65-72, (1993)
PUBLISHER: Springer Verlag service@springer.de
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Ma, C., Wang, Y., Du, C.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Ma, Chao (55580268600); Wang, Yujie (7601495034); Du, Cui (55648901900)
55580268600; 7601495034; 55648901900
Comparison of the entrainment rate of debris flows in distinctive triggering conditions
(2017) Journal of Mountain Science, 14 (2), pp. 237 - 248, Cited 3 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11629-016-3968-5
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85011716046&doi=10.1007%2Fs11629-016-3968-5&partnerID=40&md5=9c4b475af45ec2f053d7bba46b4a2680

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, Beijing, China; School of Civil Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
ABSTRACT: Debris flows can be extremely destructive because they can increase in magnitude via progressive entrainment. In this paper, a total of 18 landslide-type debris flows and 268 channelized debris flows in Wenchuan earthquake and Taiwan region, as well as other regions were collected to analyze the entrainment rate of debris flows in each triggering condition. Results show that there is a power relationship between volume of initial triggered mass and final deposited debris for landslide type debris flow. The debris flows during 2008 and 2013 in Wenchuan earthquake-region have smaller entrainment rate than that from 2001 t0 2009 in Taiwan. The entrainment rate of debris flow events from 2001 to 2009 in Taiwan shows a decaying tendency as elapsed time. Comparison of the entrainment rate in the two earthquake-hit regions with other regions proves that entrainment rate has a close relation with major sediment availability and secondary rainstorm conditions. © 2017, Science Press, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, CAS and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flows; Earthquake; Entrainment rate; Landslide; Magnitude
INDEX KEYWORDS: channelization; comparative study; debris flow; earthquake magnitude; entrainment; Sichuan earthquake 2008; trigger mechanism; Taiwan
REFERENCES: Armanini, Aronne, Two-dimensional simulation of debris flows in erodible channels, Computers and Geosciences, 35, 5, pp. 993-1006, (2009); 
Breien, Hedda, Erosion and morphology of a debris flow caused by a glacial lake outburst flood, Western Norway, Landslides, 5, 3, pp. 271-280, (2008); 
Cenderelli, Daniel A., Geomorphic effects of large debris flows on channel morphology at North Fork Mountain, Eastern West Virginia, USA, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 23, 1, pp. 1-19, (1998); 
Cannon, Susan H., Wildfire-related debris-flow initiation processes, Storm King Mountain, Colorado, Geomorphology, 39, 3-4, pp. 171-188, (2001); 
Cannon, Susan H., Storm rainfall conditions for floods and debris flows from recently burned areas in southwestern Colorado and southern California, Geomorphology, 96, 3-4, pp. 250-269, (2008); 
Chang, Chiwen, Estimation of sediment volume of debris flow caused by extreme rainfall in Taiwan, Engineering Geology, 123, 1-2, pp. 83-90, (2011); 
Cui, Peng, The Wenchuan Earthquake (May 12, 2008), Sichuan Province, China, and resulting geohazards, Natural Hazards, 56, 1, pp. 19-36, (2011); 
D’Agostino, Vincenzo, Debris flow magnitude in the Eastern Italian Alps: Data collection and analysis, Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part C: Solar, Terrestrial and Planetary Science, 26, 9, pp. 657-663, (2001); 
Research on Magnitude and Runout Distance of Debris Flows in Strong Earthquake Area, (2011); 
Egashira, Shinji, Experimental study on the entrainment of bed material into debris flow, Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part C: Solar, Terrestrial and Planetary Science, 26, 9, pp. 645-650, (2001)
PUBLISHER: Science Press shengtaixuebao@mail.rcees.ac.cn
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Liu, X.F., Jiang, W.G., Li, J., Wang, W.J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Liu, Xiaofu (55844067700); Jiang, Weiguo (26644101800); Li, Jing (55872205000); Wang, Wenjie (56948645000)
55844067700; 26644101800; 55872205000; 56948645000
Evaluation of the vegetation coverage resilience in areas damaged by the wenchuan earthquake based on MODIS-EVI data
(2017) Sensors, 17 (2), art. no. 259, Cited 23 times.
DOI: 10.3390/s17020259
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85011045314&doi=10.3390%2Fs17020259&partnerID=40&md5=ab218396d55a4c0944a9063f8abe4b47

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; Institute of Environmental Information, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China; Academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: The concept of resilience was integrated into post-earthquake ecological restoration assessments in 10 counties heavily impacted by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. Ecological resilience was defined as the time interval required for the vegetation coverage to recover to pre-earthquake levels in damaged areas. MODIS-EVI data from May to August in 2000 to 2016 were used to calculate the ecological resilience by fitting the curve of recovery rate (RR) versus time. The following conclusions were reached: (1) An area of 424.1 km2 sustained vegetation damage. (2) The vegetation recovery was found to be linear based on the statistical analysis of the most common components of the damaged areas; consequently, linear fitting was used to estimate the resilience. (3) In terms of vegetation coverage, 44.2% of the damaged areas have already recovered. The vast majority of damaged areas are predicted to achieve vegetation recovery by 2022, but 5.3% of the damaged areas will not recover within this time period and have no resilience. (4) The management of damaged areas near roads, rivers and mining operations, especially at elevations of 2000–2500 m, slopes greater than 30°, and precipitation levels greater than 1200 mm, should be prioritized in the future. (5) The innovations of this study include the method used to extract earthquake-related vegetation damage and the prediction of vegetation succession based on resilience. © 2017 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Earthquake; Ecological resilience; MODIS-EVI; Recovery interval; Vegetation cover
INDEX KEYWORDS: Curve fitting; Earthquakes; Ecology; Geophysics; Radiometers; Recovery; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Ecological resilience; Ecological restoration; MODIS-EVI; Pre-earthquake levels; Vegetation cover; Vegetation recovery; Vegetation successions; Vegetation
REFERENCES: Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, (1973); 
Engineering within Ecological Constraints, (1996); 
Pimm, Stuart L., The complexity and stability of ecosystems, Nature, 307, 5949, pp. 321-326, (1984); 
Brand, Fridolin Simon, Focusing the meaning(s) of resilience: Resilience as a descriptive concept and a boundary object, Ecology and Society, 12, 1, (2007); 
Mumby, Peter J., Ecological resilience, robustness and vulnerability: How do these concepts benefit ecosystem management?, Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 7, pp. 22-27, (2014); 
Resilience Thinking Sustaining Ecosystems and People in A Changing World, (2006); 
Folke, Carl S., Resilience thinking: Integrating resilience, adaptability and transformability, Ecology and Society, 15, 4, (2010); 
Strunz, Sebastian, Is conceptual vagueness an asset? Arguments from philosophy of science applied to the concept of resilience, Ecological Economics, 76, pp. 112-118, (2012); 
Xu, Li, Resilience thinking: A bibliometric analysis of socio-ecological research, Scientometrics, 96, 3, pp. 911-927, (2013); 
Rist, L., Sustainability in forest management and a new role for resilience thinking, Forest Ecology and Management, 310, pp. 416-427, (2013)
PUBLISHER: MDPI AG Postfach Basel CH-4005
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS; GREEN ACCEPTED OPEN ACCESS; GREEN OPEN ACCESS

Cui, K., Sim, T.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Cui, Ke (56978773200); Sim, Timothy (23768260000)
56978773200; 23768260000
Older people’s psychosocial needs in a post-disaster rural community of China: an exploratory study
(2017) Natural Hazards, 85 (3), pp. 1577 - 1590, Cited 18 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11069-016-2649-6
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84994246707&doi=10.1007%2Fs11069-016-2649-6&partnerID=40&md5=e200095573f57183baf601d885f6d092

AFFILIATIONS: School of Public Administration, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
ABSTRACT: Older people are arguably one of the most vulnerable groups during a disaster. Existing studies either in China or in other countries predominantly focus on the more Western, pathology-based mental health approach in addressing the impact of disasters on older victims and their needs. However, the concept of ‘psychosocial’ recognises that problems caused by emergencies can simultaneously be of a social nature and a psychological one. This concept emerged from a growing critique on individual oriented mental health approach in disaster contexts. The present study was conducted to explore older people’s needs from a psychosocial perspective. The research site was a Chinese rural community located in the epicentre of ‘5.12’ Wenchuan earthquake (Ms = 8.0) occurred in 2008. The authors conducted content analyses on the qualitative in-depth interviews with 10 (5 males and 5 females) out of 30 older persons from this community. The findings revealed three major psychosocial problems: (1) constant fear of recurring debris flows; (2) sense of helplessness; and (3) disruption to previous social network. Indubitably, the participants reported family members and neighbours as their major sources of social support in emergency situations. This exploratory study argues that older people being exposed to disasters will not only develop psychological problems but also suffer disruption to their social support network and puts forward that empowering family and strengthening community cohesion are important initiatives for helping professionals to promote older people’s psychosocial well-being and enhance their resilience to natural disasters. © 2016, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Older people; Post-disaster community; Psychosocial needs assessment; Qualitative study; Rural China
INDEX KEYWORDS: coping strategy; elderly population; mental health; psychology; qualitative analysis; rural society; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Disaster Preparedness for Seniors by Seniors, (2007); 
Ardalan, Ali, Older people's needs following major disasters: A qualitative study of Iranian elders' experiences of the Bam earthquake, Ageing and Society, 30, 1, pp. 11-23, (2010); 
Becker, Susan M., Psychosocial care for women survivors of the tsunami disaster in India, American Journal of Public Health, 99, 4, pp. 654-658, (2009); 
Brewin, Chris Ray, Fear, helplessness, and horror in posttraumatic stress disorder: Investigating DSM-IV criterion A2 in victims of violent crime, Journal of Traumatic Stress, 13, 3, pp. 499-509, (2000); 
Greenhood Publishing Group, (2005); 
Cao, Yongfu, Toward a confucian family-oriented health care system for the future of China, Journal of Medicine and Philosophy (United Kingdom), 36, 5, pp. 452-465, (2011); 
Chan, Emily Ying Yang, Why are older peoples' health needs forgotten post-natural disaster relief in developing countries? A healthcare provider survey of 2005 Kashmir, Pakistan earthquake., American journal of disaster medicine, 4, 2, pp. 107-112, (2009); 
Chen, Xuan, Intergenerational social support and the psychological well-being of older parents in China, Research on Aging, 22, 1, pp. 43-65, (2000); 
Cherniack, Evan Paul, The impact of natural disasters on the elderly., American journal of disaster medicine, 3, 3, pp. 133-139, (2008); 
Cui, Peng, Characteristics and countermeasures of debris flow in Wenchuan area after the earthquake, Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 42, 5, pp. 10-19, (2010)
PUBLISHER: Springer Netherlands
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Xing, A., Yuan, X., Xu, Q., Zhao, Q., Huang, H., Cheng, Q.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Xing, Aiguo (7004119237); Yuan, Xiaoyi (57188835331); Xu, Qiang (56506033600); Zhao, Qihua (55547131555); Huang, Heqing (57653627900); Cheng, Qiangong (7202918113)
7004119237; 57188835331; 56506033600; 55547131555; 57653627900; 7202918113
Characteristics and numerical runout modelling of a catastrophic rock avalanche triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake in the Wenjia valley, Mianzhu, Sichuan, China
(2017) Landslides, 14 (1), pp. 83 - 98, Cited 49 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s10346-016-0707-5
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84963744675&doi=10.1007%2Fs10346-016-0707-5&partnerID=40&md5=9309e52186a302fe1de4ca567e20eef5

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Second Highway Consultants Co. Ltd., China Communications Construction Company Limited, Beijing, Beijing, China; Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake triggered more than 100 rock avalanches with volumes greater than 10 million cubic metres. The rock avalanche with the longest runout amongst these destructive landslides occurred in the Wenjia valley, Mianzhu, Sichuan, China. The landslide involved the failure of about 27.5 million cubic metres of sandstone from the source area. The displaced material travelled about 4,170 m with an elevation descent of about 1,360 m, equivalent to a fahrböschung of 16.9° and covered an area of 1.5 million square metres, with the final deposited volume of approximately 49 million cubic metres. The catastrophic event destroyed the village of Yanjing, killed 48 people and buried some houses at the mouth of the Wenjia valley. On the basis of a detailed field investigation, we introduce basic characteristics of the rock avalanche and find that the rock avalanche resulted in two run-ups and a superelevation along the runout path, and downslope enlargement due to the entrainment of path materials. A numerical model (DAN3D) is used to simulate the post-failure behaviour of the rock avalanche. By means of trial and error, a combination of the frictional model and Voellmy model is found to provide the best performance in simulating this rock avalanche. The simulation results reveal that the rock avalanche had a duration of about 240 s and an average velocity of 17.4 m/s. © 2016, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: DAN3D model; Numerical modelling; Post-failure behaviour; Rock avalanche; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Earthquakes; Geophysics; Landforms; Landslides; Rocks; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Average velocity; Basic characteristics; Catastrophic event; Field investigation; Post-failure behaviour; Rock avalanche; Wenchuan Earthquake; Numerical models; catastrophic event; earthquake damage; earthquake trigger; failure mechanism; landslide; numerical model; rock avalanche; rock mechanics; Sichuan earthquake 2008; trigger mechanism; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan; Xizang; Yanjing
REFERENCES: Characterization of the Zymoetz River Rock Avalanche, (2005); 
Chen, Hong, A dynamic model for rainfall-induced landslides on natural slopes, Geomorphology, 51, 4, pp. 269-288, (2003); 
Chen, Xiaoli, Evaluation of factors controlling large earthquake-induced landslides by the Wenchuan earthquake, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 12, 12, pp. 3645-3657, (2012); 
Chigira, Masahiro, Landslides induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China, Geomorphology, 118, 3-4, pp. 225-238, (2010); 
Corominas, Jordi, The angle of reach as a mobility index for small and large landslides, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 33, 2, pp. 260-271, (1996); 
Crosta, Giovanni Battista, Numerical modelling of large landslides stability and runout, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 3, 6, pp. 523-538, (2003); 
Cui, Peng, The 12 May Wenchuan earthquake-induced landslide lakes: Distribution and preliminary risk evaluation, Landslides, 6, 3, pp. 209-223, (2009); 
Dai, Fuchu, The 1786 earthquake-triggered landslide dam and subsequent dam-break flood on the Dadu River, southwestern China, Geomorphology, 65, 3-4, pp. 205-221, (2005); 
Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011); 
Dai, Zili, 3D numerical modeling using smoothed particle hydrodynamics of flow-like landslide propagation triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Engineering Geology, 180, pp. 21-33, (2014)
PUBLISHER: Springer Verlag service@springer.de
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Shen, P., Zhang, L.M., Chen, H.X., Gao, L.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Shen, Ping (57014242700); Zhang, Limin Min (58883008100); Chen, Hongxin (55089538300); Gao, Liang (56687967800)
57014242700; 58883008100; 55089538300; 56687967800
Role of vegetation restoration in mitigating hillslope erosion and debris flows
(2017) Engineering Geology, 216, pp. 122 - 133, Cited 98 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2016.11.019
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85007387087&doi=10.1016%2Fj.enggeo.2016.11.019&partnerID=40&md5=d6ea10dbaddec0809c3c69a344f56d9f

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Geotechnical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Engineering, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
ABSTRACT: After the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, a large amount of loose landslide deposits was left in the stricken region. A heavy storm in 2010 turned numerous deposits into debris flows. After 2010, vegetation gradually recovered on the remnant soil deposits. During the wet seasons in 2013 and 2015, the number of debris flows decreased significantly compared with that in 2010. This paper investigates the role of vegetation in mitigating runoff induced hillslope erosion and debris flows. The study slope is near the epicentre of the Wenchuan earthquake. Three levels of vegetation restoration are considered: bare in 2010, middle level in 2013 and high level in 2015. Soil samples were taken from the landslide deposits to determine the root mass density, which is used to quantify erosion resistance parameters at different vegetation levels. Massive erosion is simulated in the 2010 case, which in turn develops into hillslope debris flows. Very little or no erosion is simulated in the 2013 and 2015 cases, which is in part attributed to the enhanced resistance to erosion by restored vegetation. A parametric study is conducted to further investigate the effectiveness of erosion reduction through revegetation. © 2016 Elsevier B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flows; Landslides; Rainfall; Restoration; Surface erosion; Vegetation
INDEX KEYWORDS: Debris; Deposits; Earthquakes; Geophysics; Image reconstruction; Landslides; Rain; Restoration; Revegetation; Runoff; Soil conservation; Vegetation; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Debris flows; Erosion resistance; Landslide deposits; Surface erosion; Vegetation levels; Vegetation restoration; Wenchuan Earthquake; Erosion; debris flow; environmental restoration; erosion; hillslope; landslide; rainfall; vegetation
REFERENCES: Bisantino, Tiziana, Rheological characteristics of debris-flow material in South-Gargano watersheds, Natural Hazards, 54, 2, pp. 209-223, (2010); 
Bischetti, Gian Battista, Root cohesion of forest species in the Italian Alps, Plant and Soil, 324, 1, pp. 71-89, (2009); 
Chang, Dongsheng, Field testing of erodibility of two landslide dams triggered by the 12 May Wenchuan earthquake, Landslides, 8, 3, pp. 321-332, (2011); 
Chen, Hongxin, A physically-based distributed cell model for predicting regional rainfall-induced shallow slope failures, Engineering Geology, 176, pp. 79-92, (2014); 
Chen, Hongxin, EDDA 1.0: Integrated simulation of debris flow erosion, deposition and property changes, Geoscientific Model Development, 8, 3, pp. 829-844, (2015); 
Chen, Hongxin, Mechanisms and runout characteristics of the rainfall-triggered debris flow in Xiaojiagou in Sichuan Province, China, Natural Hazards, 62, 3, pp. 1037-1057, (2012); 
Chen, Hongxin, Hybrid simulation of the initiation and runout characteristics of a catastrophic debris flow, Journal of Mountain Science, 10, 2, pp. 219-232, (2013); 
Flo 2d Reference Manual, (2025); 
Hydraulics of Sediment Transport, (1971); 
Huang, Heqing, The influence of bank strength on channel geometry: an integrated analysis of some observations, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 23, 10, pp. 865-876, (1998)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Hui, H., Chen, X., Yang, J., Zhao, Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Hui, Hongjun (56289823700); Chen, Xiaoli (8346444100); Yang, Jiaying (57206005549); Zhao, Yonghong (55264673900)
56289823700; 8346444100; 57206005549; 55264673900
Different fault impact on the regional tectonic stress field and the distribution of landslide collapse with finite element method
(2017) Yanshi Xuebao/Acta Petrologica Sinica, 33 (12), Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.18654/2095-8927/201404090072
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85059985531&doi=10.18654%2F2095-8927%2F201404090072&partnerID=40&md5=88f1d6484a304118696aa260a1163421

AFFILIATIONS: School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China; Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Earthquake-induced landslide because of its huge hazard caused widespread social concern. During an earthquake, large displacement is often accompanied by a strong ground motion, where under conditions suitable topography is easy to trigger landslides. In this paper, based on the establishment of three ideal models of normal faults, reverse faults and strike-slip faults with the finite element method, the distribution of these three co-seismic fault displacements produced were analyzed, and the potential for seismic landslide hazard areas were predicted. The results show that under the same differential stress, co-seismic displacements generated based on the size and distribution of different seismic fault model is different, but are concentrated in the vicinity of the fault. And strike-slip fault model are different, normal faults and reverse faults with seismic displacement model showed significant effects on the disk. This paper also studied the distribution of co-seismic displacement field generated by the earthquake and the landslide triggered by the earthquake, preliminary results show that the landslide occurred in the same general area of larger co-seismic displacement, and mainly on plate. © Science Press.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Co-seismic displacement; Different faults; Finite element; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Earthquake effects; Finite element method; Geologic models; Hazards; Landslides; Strike-slip faults; Co-seismic displacement; Differential stress; Earthquake-induced landslides; Large displacements; Seismic displacement; Seismic landslides; Strong ground motion; Wenchuan Earthquake; Fault slips; coseismic process; displacement; finite element method; landslide; normal fault; reverse fault; Sichuan earthquake 2008; stress field; strike-slip fault; tectonic setting
REFERENCES: Abrahamson, Norman A.Bolt, Effects of the hanging wall and footwall on ground motions recorded during the Northridge earthquake, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 86, 1 SUPPL. B, pp. S93-S99, (1996); 
Oglesby, David D., Dynamics of dip-slip faulting: Explorations in two dimensions, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 105, B6, pp. 13643-13653, (2000); 
Oglesby, David D., The three-dimensional dynamics of dipping faults, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 90, 3, pp. 616-628, (2000); 
Oglesby, David D., Fault geometry, rupture dynamics and ground motion from potential earthquakes on the North Anatolian Fault under the Sea of Marmara, Geophysical Journal International, 188, 3, pp. 1071-1087, (2012); 
Shen, Zheng-Kang, Slip maxima at fault junctions and rupturing of barriers during the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Nature Geoscience, 2, 10, pp. 718-724, (2009)
PUBLISHER: Science Press yanmh@neigae.ac.cn
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Li, Y., Huang, J., Pu, H., Han, Z., Li, W., Yan, B.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Li, Yange (55339639500); Huang, Jianling (50061249400); Pu, Hao (8689267000); Han, Zheng (55556913000); Li, Wei (58739708400); Yan, Bin (58710585400)
55339639500; 50061249400; 8689267000; 55556913000; 58739708400; 58710585400
Semiautomatic landslide detection using remote sensing and slope units
(2017) Transportation Research Record, 2604 (1), pp. 104 - 110, Cited 2 times.
DOI: 10.3141/2604-13
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85054833382&doi=10.3141%2F2604-13&partnerID=40&md5=5a45ad687bfd4af8d8315ad34e0769dd

AFFILIATIONS: Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
ABSTRACT: Landslides induced by earthquakes and rainfall pose severe threats to the infrastructure of highways and high-speed railways. To plan an immediate emergency response, the location and scale of these landslides should be known beforehand. Traditionally, to detect multitemporal landslides induced by earthquakes and the long-term effects, along with other factors such as subsequent rainfall, one had to carry out image classification multiple times to calculate the variance information. The accuracy of that method is affected by accumulated errors from multi-classification, and the process is very time-consuming. In this paper, a semiautomatic approach is proposed for rapid mapping of multitemporal landslides. The approach can obtain the variance information of each landslide event in one detection process. In addition, slope units are introduced to separate the extracted conjoined landslides. The area of Chenjiaba, China, which is located in the highest seismic intensity zone of the Wenchuan earthquake in Beichuan and had strong rainfall 4 months after the earthquake, was selected as a case study to demonstrate the validity of this methodology. Accuracy assessment was carried out by comparing extracted landslides with a manually prepared landslide inventory map. Correctly detected were 90.1% and 94.2% of earthquake-and rainfall-induced landslides, respectively. Results show that this approach is capable of mapping temporal landslides efficiently and quickly. © 2017, SAGE Publications Ltd. All rights reserved.
INDEX KEYWORDS: Classification (of information); Earthquakes; Mapping; Railroad plant and structures; Railroad transportation; Rain; Remote sensing; Emergency response; High-speed railways; Images classification; Landslide detection; Long-term effects; Multi-temporal; Remote-sensing; Sensing unit; Slope unit; Variance information; Landslides
REFERENCES: Han, Zheng, Numerical simulation for run-out extent of debris flows using an improved cellular automaton model, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 76, 3, pp. 961-974, (2017); 
Lato, Matthew J., Rock slopes asset management: Selecting the optimal three-dimensional remote sensing technology, Transportation Research Record, 2510, pp. 7-14, (2015); 
Nichol, Janet Elizabeth, Satellite remote sensing for detailed landslide inventories using change detection and image fusion, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 26, 9, pp. 1913-1926, (2005); 
Rau, Jiann Yeou, Dynamics monitoring and disaster assessment for watershed management using time-series satellite images, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 45, 6, pp. 1641-1649, (2007); 
Mondini, Alessandro C., Combining multiple change detection indices for mapping landslides triggered by typhoons, Geomorphology, 134, 3-4, pp. 440-451, (2011); 
Borghuis, A. M., Comparison between automated and manual mapping of typhoon-triggered landslides from SPOT-5 imagery, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 28, 8, pp. 1843-1856, (2007); 
Barlow, John, High spatial resolution satellite imagery, DEM derivatives, and image segmentation for the detection of mass wasting processes, Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, 72, 6, pp. 687-692, (2006); 
Martha, Tapas Ranjan, Characterising spectral, spatial and morphometric properties of landslides for semi-automatic detection using object-oriented methods, Geomorphology, 116, 1-2, pp. 24-36, (2010); 
Otazu, Xavier, Introduction of Sensor Spectral Response into Image Fusion Methods. Application to Wavelet-Based Methods, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 43, 10, pp. 2376-2385, (2005); 
Pradhan, Pushkar S., Estimation of the number of decomposition levels for a wavelet-based multiresolution multisensor image fusion, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 44, 12, pp. 3674-3686, (2006)
PUBLISHER: SAGE Publications Ltd
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wang, L., Chang, M., Dou, X., Ma, G., Yang, C.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wang, Lijuan (57222641038); Chang, Ming (36727157900); Dou, Xiangyang (57196153451); Ma, Guochao (56266812000); Yang, Chenyuan (57196150138)
57222641038; 36727157900; 57196153451; 56266812000; 57196150138
Analysis of river blocking induced by a debris flow
(2017) Geofluids, 2017, art. no. 1268135, Cited 20 times.
DOI: 10.1155/2017/1268135
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85031995888&doi=10.1155%2F2017%2F1268135&partnerID=40&md5=bcd57fb3af219549aac779153187f645

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Sichuan Academy of Safety Science and Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Both the Wenchuan earthquake on May 12, 2008, and the Lushan earthquake on April 12, 2013, produced many coseismic landslides along the Nanya River in Shimian City. Subsequent debris flows that initiated from these landslides and are triggered by intense rainfall become the secondary hazard in the years after the earthquake; in particular, some debris flows led to a serious river blocking event. For example, the Guangyuanbao debris flow which occurred on July 04, 2013, partly blocked the Nanya River, presenting a major threat to the national highway and residential areas. To analyze the pattern of landslide damming, we analyzed numerical simulations of the movement characteristics of the Guangyuanbao debris flow using rainfall intensities with varying recurrence periods of 5, 20, and 50 years. The accuracy of the spreading of the numerical simulation is about 90%. The simulation indicated a small volume of sediment entering the river for a rainfall under 5-year return period. A debris flow induced by rainfall under 20- year return period partly blocked the river, while rainfall under 50-year return period has potential to block the river completely. This proposed analysis of river blocking induced by a debris flow could be used for disaster prevention in earthquake-stricken area. © 2017 Lijuan Wang et al.
INDEX KEYWORDS: debris flow; earthquake event; hazard management; landslide; numerical method; precipitation intensity; river engineering; China; Nanya River; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Caine, Nel, The rainfall intensity-duration control of shallow landslides and debris flows., Geografiska Annaler, Series A: Physical Geography, 62, 1-2, pp. 23-27, (1980); 
Alexander, David E., Urban landslides, Progress in Physical Geography, 13, 2, pp. 157-189, (1989); 
Hürlimann, Marcel, Detailed debris flow hazard assessment in Andorra: A multidisciplinary approach, Geomorphology, 78, 3-4, pp. 359-372, (2006); 
Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011); 
Görüm, Tolga, Distribution pattern of earthquake-induced landslides triggered by the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Geomorphology, 133, 3-4, pp. 152-167, (2011); 
Tang, Chuan, Landslides triggered by the 20 April 2013 Lushan earthquake, Sichuan Province, China, Engineering Geology, 187, pp. 45-55, (2015); 
Scott, Kevin M., Catastrophic precipitation-triggered lahar at Casita volcano, Nicaragua: Occurrence, bulking and transformation, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 30, 1, pp. 59-79, (2005); 
Liu, Chiannan, Impacts of september 21, 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake on the characteristics of gully-type debris flows in central Taiwan, Natural Hazards, 47, 3, pp. 349-368, (2008); 
Shieh, Cheng-Lun Lun, Variability in rainfall threshold for debris flow after the Chi-Chi earthquake in central Taiwan, China, International Journal of Sediment Research, 24, 2, pp. 177-188, (2009); 
Tang, Chuan, An empirical-statistical model for predicting debris-flow runout zones in the Wenchuan earthquake area, Quaternary International, 250, pp. 63-73, (2012)
PUBLISHER: Hindawi Limited customerservices@oxonblackwellpublishing.com 410 Park Avenue, 15th Floor, 287 pmb New York NY 10022
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Wang, L.-M., Wu, Z.-J., Xia, K.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wang, Lanmine Ming (8522141400); Wu, Zhijian (55561606200); Xia, Kun (57220643517)
8522141400; 55561606200; 57220643517
Effects of site conditions on earthquake ground motion and their applications in seismic design in loess region
(2017) Journal of Mountain Science, 14 (6), pp. 1185 - 1193, Cited 40 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11629-016-3921-7
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85030554176&doi=10.1007%2Fs11629-016-3921-7&partnerID=40&md5=31e696cc91bd2e64455ce67567697fbb

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Loess Earthquake Engineering, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing, China; Geotechnical Disaster Prevention Engineering Technology Research Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
ABSTRACT: The Loess Plateau is an earthquake prone region of China, where the effects of loess deposit on ground motion were discovered during the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake (Ms8.0) and the 2013 Minxian-Zhangxian earthquake (Ms6.6). The field investigations, observations, and analyses indicated that large number of casualties and tremendous economic losses were caused not only by collapse and damage of houses with poor seismic performance, landslides, but also amplification effects of site conditions, topography and thickness of loess deposit, on ground motion. In this paper, we chose Dazhai Village and Majiagou Village as the typical loess site affected by the two earthquakes for intensity evaluation, borehole exploration, temporary strong motion array, micro tremor survey, and numerical analysis. The aim is to explore the relations between amplification factors and site conditions in terms of topography and thickness of loess deposit. We also developed site amplification factors of ground motion for engineering design consideration at loess sites. The results showed that the amplification effects are more predominant with increase in thickness of loess deposit and slope height. The amplification may increase seismic intensity by 1 degree, PGA and predominant period by 2 times, respectively. © Science Press and Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, CAS and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2017.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Field investigation; Ground motion observation; Loess thickness; Loess topography; Loessial site; Micro tremor observation; Seismic design; Site effects
INDEX KEYWORDS: earthquake; earthquake event; field method; ground motion; loess; microtremor; seismic design; seismic response; site effect; topography; China; Loess Plateau
REFERENCES: Chen, Qifu, Site effects on earthquake ground motion based on microtremor measurements for metropolitan Beijing, Chinese Science Bulletin, 54, 2, pp. 280-287, (2009); 
Specification for Seismic Design of Buildings, (2012); 
Earthquake Research in China, (2011); 
European Macroseismic Scale 1998, (2010); 
Han, Yongshun, Assessment of secondary mountain hazards along a section of the Dujiangyan-Wenchuan highway, Journal of Mountain Science, 11, 1, pp. 51-65, (2014); 
Heo, Yeongae, Amplitude-scaled versus spectrum-matched ground motions for seismic performance assessment, Journal of Structural Engineering, 137, 3, pp. 278-288, (2011); 
Joint Proposal on Long Period Ground Motion by Subduction Type of Big Earthquake and Improvement for Seismic Performance of Civil and Architectural Structures, (2006); 
Mei, Guoxiong Xiaong, Stress-strain relationship of unsaturated cohesive soil, Journal of Central South University of Technology (English Edition), 17, 3, pp. 653-657, (2010); 
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Shukla, Jaykumar C., Estimation of probabilistic seismic hazard and site specific ground motions for two ports in Gujarat, Geotechnical Special Publication, 225 GSP, pp. 1650-1659, (2012)
PUBLISHER: Science Press
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Hu, T., Huang, R.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Hu, Tao (57192923422); Huang, Runqiu (55835407700)
57192923422; 55835407700
A catastrophic debris flow in the Wenchuan Earthquake area, July 2013: characteristics, formation, and risk reduction
(2017) Journal of Mountain Science, 14 (1), pp. 15 - 30, Cited 31 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11629-016-3965-8
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85009085866&doi=10.1007%2Fs11629-016-3965-8&partnerID=40&md5=5a5de688f04fa2f0a9202a50d1d64268

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: In the Wenchuan Earthquake area, many co-seismic landslides formed blocking-dams in debris flow channels. This blocking and bursting of landslide dams amplifies the debris flow scale and results in severe catastrophes. The catastrophic debris flow that occurred in Qipan gully (Wenchuan, Southwest China) on July 11, 2013 was caused by intense rainfall and upstream cascading bursting of landslide dams. To gain an understanding of the processes of dam bursting and subsequent debris flow scale amplification effect, we attempted to estimate the bursting debris flow peak discharges along the main gully and analyzed the scale amplification process. The results showed that the antecedent and triggering rainfalls for 11 July debris flow event were 88.0 mm and 21.6 mm, respectively. The event highlights the fact that lower rainfall intensity can trigger debris flows after the earthquake. Calculations of the debris flow peak discharge showed that the peak discharges after the dams-bursting were 1.17–1.69 times greater than the upstream peak discharge. The peak discharge at the gully outlet reached 2553 m3/s which was amplified by 4.76 times in comparison with the initial peak discharge in the upstream. To mitigate debris flow disasters, a new drainage channel with a trapezoidal V-shaped cross section was proposed. The characteristic lengths (h1 and h2) under optimal hydraulic conditions were calculated as 4.50 m and 0.90 m, respectively. © 2017, Science Press, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, CAS and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Blocking dam; Debris flow; Disaster characteristics; Formation mechanisms; Risk reduction; Wenchuan Earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: catastrophic event; coseismic process; cross section; dam; debris flow; disaster management; drainage basin; formation mechanism; landslide; peak discharge; peak flow; precipitation intensity; Sichuan earthquake 2008; China
REFERENCES: Chang, Dongsheng, Simulation of the erosion process of landslide dams due to overtopping considering variations in soil erodibility along depth, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 10, 4, pp. 933-946, (2010); 
Chen, Hongxin, Mechanisms and runout characteristics of the rainfall-triggered debris flow in Xiaojiagou in Sichuan Province, China, Natural Hazards, 62, 3, pp. 1037-1057, (2012); 
Chen, Jiangang, Characteristics of viscous debris flow in a drainage channel with an energy dissipation structure, Journal of Mountain Science, 13, 2, pp. 223-233, (2016); 
Chen, Jiangang, Types and causes of debris flow damage to drainage channels in the Wenchuan earthquake area, Journal of Mountain Science, 11, 6, pp. 1406-1419, (2014); 
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Cleary, Paul W., Discrete-element modelling and smoothed particle hydrodynamics: Potential in the environmental sciences, Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences, 362, 1822, pp. 2003-2030, (2004); 
Costa, John E., FORMATION AND FAILURE OF NATURAL DAMS., Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 100, 7, pp. 1054-1068, (1988); 
Cui, Peng, The Wenchuan Earthquake (May 12, 2008), Sichuan Province, China, and resulting geohazards, Natural Hazards, 56, 1, pp. 19-36, (2011); 
Cui, Peng, Scale amplification of natural debris flows caused by cascading landslide dam failures, Geomorphology, 182, pp. 173-189, (2013); 
Cui, Peng, Prediction of debris-flow danger area by combining hydrological and inundation simulation methods, Journal of Mountain Science, 8, 1, pp. 1-9, (2011)
PUBLISHER: Science Press shengtaixuebao@mail.rcees.ac.cn
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zhang, S., Zhang, L.M.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhang, Shuai (55092670700); Zhang, Limin Min (58883008100)
55092670700; 58883008100
Impact of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China on subsequent long-term debris flow activities in the epicentral area
(2017) Geomorphology, 276, pp. 86 - 103, Cited 174 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2016.10.009
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84992089811&doi=10.1016%2Fj.geomorph.2016.10.009&partnerID=40&md5=922c06cdaaa8142d1ba115e5378cad86

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Technological and Higher Education Institute of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
ABSTRACT: The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake triggered the largest number of landslides among the recent strong earthquake events around the world. The loose landslide materials were retained on steep terrains and deep gullies. In the period from 2008 to 2015, numerous debris flows occurred during rainstorms along the Provincial Road 303 (PR303) near the epicentre of the earthquake, causing serious damage to the reconstructed highway. Approximately 5.24 × 106 m3 of debris-flow sediment was deposited shortly after the earthquake. This paper evaluates the evolution of the debris flows that occurred after the Wenchuan earthquake, which helps understand long-term landscape evolution and cascading effects in regions impacted by mega earthquakes. With the aid of a GIS platform combined with field investigations, we continuously tracked movements of the loose deposit materials in all the debris flow gullies along an 18 km reach of PR303 and the characteristics of the regional debris flows during several storms in the past seven years. This paper presents five important aspects of the evolution of debris flows: (1) supply of debris flow materials; (2) triggering rainfall; (3) initiation mechanisms and types of debris flows; (4) runout characteristics; and (5) elevated riverbed due to the deposited materials from the debris flows. The hillslope soil deposits gradually evolved into channel deposits and the solid materials in the channels moved towards the ravine mouth. Accordingly, channelized debris flows became dominant gradually. Due to the decreasing source material volume and changes in debris flow characteristics, the triggering rainfall tends to increase from 30 mm h− 1 in 2008 to 64 mm h− 1 in 2013, and the runout distance tends to decrease over time. The runout materials blocked the river and elevated the riverbed by at least 30 m in parts of the study area. The changes in the post-seismic debris flow activity can be categorized into three stages, i.e., active, unstable, and recession. © 2016 Elsevier B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flow; Landslide; Slope stability; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: debris flow; GIS; landscape evolution; landslide; rainfall; Sichuan earthquake 2008; slope stability; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Geomorphology the Mechanics and Chemistry of Landscapes, (2010); 
Anderson, Scott A., Analysis of rainfall-induced debris flows, Journal of Geotechcnical Engineering, 121, 7, pp. 544-552, (1995); 
Berger, Catherine, Direct measurement of channel erosion by debris flows, Illgraben, Switzerland, Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 116, 1, (2011); 
Chang, Chiwen, Estimation of sediment volume of debris flow caused by extreme rainfall in Taiwan, Engineering Geology, 123, 1-2, pp. 83-90, (2011); 
Chang, Dongsheng, Field testing of erodibility of two landslide dams triggered by the 12 May Wenchuan earthquake, Landslides, 8, 3, pp. 321-332, (2011); 
Chen, Hongey, Relationship between earthquake disturbance, tropical rainstorms and debris movement: An overview from Taiwan, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 68, 2, pp. 161-186, (2009); 
Chen, Hongey, The impact of landslide and debris flows triggered by Typhoon Mindulle in Taiwan, Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology, 38, 3, pp. 301-304, (2005); 
Chen, Hongxin, Mechanisms and runout characteristics of the rainfall-triggered debris flow in Xiaojiagou in Sichuan Province, China, Natural Hazards, 62, 3, pp. 1037-1057, (2012); 
Chen, Hongxin, Evolution of debris flow properties and physical interactions in debris-flow mixtures in the Wenchuan earthquake zone, Engineering Geology, 182, PB, pp. 136-147, (2014); 
Chiou, Shianjin, Evaluating landslides and sediment yields induced by the chi-chi earthquake and followed heavy rainfalls along the ta-chia river, Journal of GeoEngineering, 2, 2, pp. 73-83, (2007)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Yang, W., Qi, W., Wang, M., Zhang, J., Zhang, Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Yang, Wentao (55499294400); Qi, Wenwen (55524261400); Wang, Ming (55732001400); Zhang, Jianjun (8517716200); Zhang, Yan (56048922600)
55499294400; 55524261400; 55732001400; 8517716200; 56048922600
Spatial and temporal analyses of post-seismic landslide changes near the epicentre of the Wenchuan earthquake
(2017) Geomorphology, 276, pp. 8 - 15, Cited 69 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2016.10.010
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84991465725&doi=10.1016%2Fj.geomorph.2016.10.010&partnerID=40&md5=97d0c163c544d90640c9559e3e199c69

AFFILIATIONS: School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, Beijing, China; Beijing Twenty-First Century Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd., Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; Academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Major earthquakes in mountain regions have persistent and significant influences on post-seismic landslides but their details have not been well understood. This work uses multi-year high-resolution satellite images and terrain parameters, such as elevation, slope, and aspect, to examine the topographic changes of post-seismic landslides. Despite disturbances during rainy months, landslide areas decreased significantly from 2008 to 2013 in all terrain parameters, indicating that landslide activity near the epicentre has been recovering to the pre-seismic level. The emergence of an increasingly active landslide type shows that landslide debris has been moving from hillslopes to valleys, which could impact post-seismic debris flows. The findings of this work provide important information for post-seismic infrastructure re-construction and disaster prevention in future mountain earthquake events. © 2016 Elsevier B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flow; Post-seismic landslides; Remote sensing; Spatial and temporal changes
INDEX KEYWORDS: debris flow; earthquake epicenter; landslide; mountain region; postseismic process; remote sensing; satellite imagery; Sichuan earthquake 2008; spatiotemporal analysis; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Angewandte Geographische Informationsverarbeitung Xii, (2000); 
Chen, Xiaoli, Evaluation of factors controlling large earthquake-induced landslides by the Wenchuan earthquake, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 12, 12, pp. 3645-3657, (2012); 
Cui, Peng, The Wenchuan Earthquake (May 12, 2008), Sichuan Province, China, and resulting geohazards, Natural Hazards, 56, 1, pp. 19-36, (2011); 
Cui, Peng, Destruction of vegetation due to geo-hazards and its environmental impacts in the Wenchuan earthquake areas, Ecological Engineering, 44, pp. 61-69, (2012); 
Görüm, Tolga, Distribution pattern of earthquake-induced landslides triggered by the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Geomorphology, 133, 3-4, pp. 152-167, (2011); 
Huang, Runqiu, The landslide story, Nature Geoscience, 6, 5, pp. 325-326, (2013); 
Jibson, Randall W., A method for producing digital probabilistic seismic landslide hazard maps, Engineering Geology, 58, 3-4, pp. 271-289, (2000); 
Khan, Shah Faisal, Documenting five years of landsliding after the 2005 Kashmir earthquake, using repeat photography, Geomorphology, 197, pp. 45-55, (2013); 
Khattak, Ghazanfar Ali, Evolution of earthquake-triggered landslides in the Kashmir Himalaya, northern Pakistan, Geomorphology, 115, 1-2, pp. 102-108, (2010); 
Landslides, (2015)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Lin, Y., Deng, H., Du, K., Li, J., Lin, H., Chen, C., Fisher, L., Wu, C., Hong, T., Zhang, G.-S.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Lin, Yongming (8869314500); Deng, Haojun (56344817000); Du, Kun (57219672733); Li, Jian (47161257300); Lin, Han (55927694100); Chen, Can (9735036200); Fisher, Loretta (58416893700); Wu, Chengzhen (8869314100); Hong, Tao (57205146813); Zhang, Guangshuai (59813743300)
8869314500; 56344817000; 57219672733; 47161257300; 55927694100; 9735036200; 58416893700; 8869314100; 57205146813; 59813743300
Soil quality assessment in different climate zones of China's Wenchuan earthquake affected region
(2017) Soil and Tillage Research, 165, pp. 315 - 324, Cited 54 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.still.2016.09.009
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84988481803&doi=10.1016%2Fj.still.2016.09.009&partnerID=40&md5=380956b1f4538785fcd9e2b6141bbc74

AFFILIATIONS: College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Key Laboratory for Forest Ecosystem Process and Management of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; College of Ecology and Resources Engineering, Wuyi University, Wuyishan, Fujian, China
ABSTRACT: China's 2008 8.0 Ms Wenchuan earthquake and subsequent secondary geo-hazards caused widespread damage to vegetation-soil system in northwest China. In order to evaluate changes in soil quality status after damage, we established four treatments in the earthquake-affected area, including disturbed and treated sites in a dry hot climate (D-t), undisturbed sites in a dry hot climate (D-ud), disturbed and treated sites in a subtropical humid monsoon climate (S-t), and undisturbed sites in a subtropical humid monsoon climate (S-ud). Forty-eight soil samples were collected and analyzed for 27 soil physical, chemical, and biological properties. Principal components analysis (PCA) was conducted with 26 variables in significant differences except total potassium among D-t, D-ud, S-t, and S-ud. A minimum data set of soil indicators was established with available potassium (AK), K+, total salt content (TSC), and total phosphorus (TP) based on PCA results. Using the Integrated Quality Index (IQI) equation, we calculated the soil quality index (SQI). S-ud, S-t, D-ud, and D-t had mean SQI scores of 0.566, 0.275, 0.537, and 0.374, respectively. Our results showed that undisturbed sites had better soil quality compared to disturbed and treated sites based on their superior physical indicators, superior nutrient conditions, and higher microbial carbon source metabolic diversity, especially in the subtropical humid monsoon climate with frequent rainfall. The SQI reflects the variations observed in earthquake-affected area and may be considered as a suitable technique for detecting changes in soils. Our results will also supply the fundamental data for evaluating the effects, design, and implementation of restoration programs. © 2016 Elsevier B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Ecological restoration; Minimum data set; Soil quality assessment; Soil quality index; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Atmospheric thermodynamics; Carbon; Chemical analysis; Earthquakes; Geophysics; Principal component analysis; Quality assurance; Restoration; Soils; Tropics; Ecological restoration; Minimum data set; Soil quality assessments; Soil quality index; Wenchuan Earthquake; Quality control; climatic region; data set; earthquake damage; earthquake magnitude; environmental assessment; environmental restoration; index method; Sichuan earthquake 2008; soil nutrient; soil property; soil quality; soil-vegetation interaction; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Allen, Robert B., Immediate damage by an earthquake to a temperate montane forest, Ecology, 80, 2, pp. 708-714, (1999); 
Andrews, Susan S., Designing a soil quality assessment tool for sustainable agroecosystem management, Ecological Applications, 11, 6, pp. 1573-1585, (2001); 
Andrews, Susan S., A comparison of soil quality indexing methods for vegetable production systems in Northern California, Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 90, 1, pp. 25-45, (2002); 
Andrews, Susan S., The soil management assessment framework: A quantitative soil quality evaluation method, Soil Science Society of America Journal, 68, 6, pp. 1945-1962, (2004); 
Proceedings of 12th Isco Conference Sustainable Utilization of Global Soil and Water Resources, (2002); 
Bhardwaj, Ajay Kumar, Ecological management of intensively cropped agro-ecosystems improves soil quality with sustained productivity, Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 140, 3-4, pp. 419-429, (2011); 
Bindraban, Prem S., Land quality indicators for sustainable land management: Proposed method for yield gap and soil nutrient balance, Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 81, 2, pp. 103-112, (2000); 
Bremner, John M., Determination of nitrogen in soil by the Kjeldahl method, Journal of Agricultural Science, 55, 1, pp. 11-33, (1960); 
Brejda, John J., Identification of regional soil quality factors and indicators: I. Central and southern high plains, Soil Science Society of America Journal, 64, 6, pp. 2115-2124, (2000); 
Campbell, B. D., A comparative study of plant responsiveness to the duration of episodes of mineral nutrient enrichment, New Phytologist, 112, 2, pp. 261-267, (1989)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Song, Y., Huang, D., Cen, D.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Song, Yixiang (57190386188); Huang, Da (55079254000); Cen, Duofeng (55624693800)
57190386188; 55079254000; 55624693800
Numerical modelling of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake-triggered Daguangbao landslide using a velocity and displacement dependent friction law
(2016) Engineering Geology, 215, pp. 50 - 68, Cited 95 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2016.11.003
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84995406975&doi=10.1016%2Fj.enggeo.2016.11.003&partnerID=40&md5=0312c51ad200bf897c2c44cfa1e36d3b

AFFILIATIONS: Chongqing University, Chongqing, China; School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
ABSTRACT: Dynamic friction degradation of the sliding surface in large earthquake-triggered landslides is widely assumed, especially for high-speed and long run-out landslides. But there are few numerical simulation methods that consider the friction degradation of the sliding surface during landslide movement. In this paper, based on the results of the high-velocity rotary-shear experiments (Tsao, 2014) on the dolomite and fault gouge on the sliding surface of the Daguangbao landslide induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, a corresponding velocity-displacement dependent friction law was assumed. The law quantitatively describes the slip-weakening effect on frictional resistance on the sliding surface, and was incorporated into a discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA) to assist in further understanding the movement behaviors of the landslide. Relative to the original DDA, the simulated results from this enriched DDA suggest that the Daguangbao landslide exhibited a longer run-out and faster travel speed during the earthquake. Moreover, the simulated run-out and deposit pattern from the enriched DDA are in good agreement with the results of actual surveys. In addition, the modeled kinetic process of the Daguangbao landslide considering dynamic friction degradation of the sliding surface, is classified into four stages: further deepening of the pre-existing tensile crown cracks, shear failure along the sliding surfaces, rapid friction degradation of sliding surfaces and high-speed sliding, with some reduction in velocity along the opposite slope surface. © 2016 Elsevier B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Daguangbao landslide; Discontinuous deformation analysis; Dynamic friction degradation; Earthquake-triggered landslide; Velocity-displacement dependent friction law
INDEX KEYWORDS: Deformation; Earthquakes; Geophysics; Landslides; Numerical methods; Numerical models; Shear flow; Tribology; Velocity; Daguangbao landslides; Discontinuous deformation analysis; Dynamic friction; Earthquake-triggered landslides; Friction laws; Friction; computer simulation; deformation mechanism; displacement; landslide; numerical model; shear strain; Sichuan earthquake 2008; slope dynamics; slope failure; trigger mechanism
REFERENCES: Boore, David M., Effect of baseline corrections on displacements and response spectra for several recordings of the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, earthquake, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 91, 5, pp. 1199-1211, (2001); 
Budimir, M. E.A., Seismically induced landslide hazard and exposure modelling in Southern California based on the 1994 Northridge, California earthquake event, Landslides, 12, 5, pp. 895-910, (2015); 
Chigira, Masahiro, Landslides induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China, Geomorphology, 118, 3-4, pp. 225-238, (2010); 
Crosta, Giovanni Battista, Small fast-moving flow-like landslides in volcanic deposits: The 2001 Las Colinas Landslide (El Salvador), Engineering Geology, 79, 3-4, pp. 185-214, (2005); 
Dai, Zili, 3D numerical modeling using smoothed particle hydrodynamics of flow-like landslide propagation triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Engineering Geology, 180, pp. 21-33, (2014); 
Davies, Timothy R.H., Dynamic simulation of the motion of fragmenting rock avalanches, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 39, 4, pp. 789-798, (2002); 
Davies, Timothy R.H., A fragmentation-spreading model for long-runout rock avalanches, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 36, 6, pp. 1096-1110, (1999); 
de Blasio, Fabio Vittorio, Production of frictional heat and hot vapour in a model of self-lubricating landslides, Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 41, 1, pp. 219-226, (2008); 
de Michele, Marcello D., Three-dimensional surface displacement of the 2008 May 12 Sichuan earthquake (China) derived from Synthetic Aperture Radar: Evidence for rupture on a blind thrust, Geophysical Journal International, 183, 3, pp. 1097-1103, (2010); 
Delgado, José, Unconventional pseudostatic stability analysis of the Diezma landslide (Granada, Spain) based on a high-resolution engineering-geological model, Engineering Geology, 184, pp. 81-95, (2015)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Tang, C., Van Westen, C.J., Tanyas, H., Jetten, V.G.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Tang, Chenxiao (55486336700); Van Westen, Cees J. (6701664942); Tanyas, Hakan (55631635400); Jetten, Victor G. (6601999985)
55486336700; 6701664942; 55631635400; 6601999985
Analysing post-earthquake landslide activity using multi-temporal landslide inventories near the epicentral area of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake
(2016) Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 16 (12), pp. 2641 - 2655, Cited 131 times.
DOI: 10.5194/nhess-16-2641-2016
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85006298287&doi=10.5194%2Fnhess-16-2641-2016&partnerID=40&md5=af00b8477783b3028e354650a7c55317

AFFILIATIONS: Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation – ITC, Enschede, Overijssel, Netherlands
ABSTRACT: Large earthquakes in mountainous regions may trigger thousands of landslides, some active for years. We analysed the changes in landslide activity near the epicentre of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake by generating five landslide inventories for different years through stereoscopic digital visual image interpretation. From May 2008 to April 2015, 660 new landslides occurred outside the co-seismic landslide areas. In April 2015, the number of active landslides had gone down to 66, less than 1 % of the co-seismic landslides, but still much higher than the pre-earthquake levels. We expect that the landslide activity will continue to decay, but may be halted if extreme rainfall events occur. © Author(s) 2016.
INDEX KEYWORDS: coseismic process; earthquake epicenter; landslide; Sichuan earthquake 2008; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Chang, Kuo Jen, Post-seismic surface processes in the Jiufengershan landslide area, 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake epicentral zone, Taiwan, Engineering Geology, 86, 2-3, pp. 102-117, (2006); 
Cheng, Jack D., Hydrometeorological and landuse attributes of debris flows and debris floods during typhoon Toraji, July 29-30, 2001 in central Taiwan, Journal of Hydrology, 306, 1-4, pp. 161-173, (2005); 
Clauset, Aaron J., Power-law distributions in empirical data, SIAM Review, 51, 4, pp. 661-703, (2009); 
Landslides Investigation and Mitigation, (1996); 
Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011); 
Dong, J. J., The formation and breach of a short-lived landslide dam at Hsiaolin village, Taiwan - Part I: Post-event reconstruction of dam geometry, Engineering Geology, 123, 1-2, pp. 40-59, (2011); 
Fan, Jen-Chen, Determination of critical rainfall thresholds for debris-flow occurrence in central Taiwan and their revision after the 1999 Chi-Chi great earthquake, International Conference on Debris-Flow Hazards Mitigation: Mechanics, Prediction, and Assessment, Proceedings, 1, pp. 103-114, (2003); 
Fan, Xuanmei, Transient water and sediment storage of the decaying landslide dams induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Geomorphology, 171-172, pp. 58-68, (2012); 
Görüm, Tolga, Distribution pattern of earthquake-induced landslides triggered by the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Geomorphology, 133, 3-4, pp. 152-167, (2011); 
Guzzetti, Fausto, Power-law correlations of landslide areas in central Italy, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 195, 3-4, pp. 169-183, (2002)
PUBLISHER: Copernicus GmbH info@copernicus.org
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Havenith, H.-B., Torgoev, A., Braun, A., Schlögel, R., Micu, M.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Havenith, Hans Balder (6602586631); Torgoev, Almazbek (13908177700); Braun, Anika (57196834947); Schlögel, Romy (45861740900); Micu, Mihai Mihai (56456517600)
6602586631; 13908177700; 57196834947; 45861740900; 56456517600
A new classification of earthquake-induced landslide event sizes based on seismotectonic, topographic, climatic and geologic factors
(2016) Geoenvironmental Disasters, 3 (1), art. no. 6, Cited 50 times.
DOI: 10.1186/s40677-016-0041-1
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85047272174&doi=10.1186%2Fs40677-016-0041-1&partnerID=40&md5=13fcc63a0d093b9d5037c5497fafe747

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Geology, Université de Liège, Liege, WLG, Belgium; Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; Institute for Applied Remote Sensing, Eurac Research, Bolzano, BZ, Italy; Institute of Geography, Academia Româna, Bucharest, Romania
ABSTRACT: Background: This paper reviews the classical and some particular factors contributing to earthquake-triggered landslide activity. This analysis should help predict more accurately landslide event sizes, both in terms of potential numbers and affected area. It also highlights that some occurrences, especially those very far from the hypocentre/activated fault, cannot be predicted by state-of-the-art methods. Particular attention will be paid to the effects of deep focal earthquakes in Central Asia and to other extremely distant landslide activations in other regions of the world (e.g. Saguenay earthquake 1988, Canada). Results: The classification of seismically induced landslides and the related ‘event sizes’ is based on five main factors: ‘Intensity’, ‘Fault factor’, ‘Topographic energy’, ‘Climatic background conditions’, ‘Lithological factor’. Most of these data were extracted from papers, but topographic inputs were checked by analyzing the affected region in Google Earth. The combination and relative weight of the factors was tested through comparison with well documented events and complemented by our studies of earthquake-triggered landslides in Central Asia. The highest relative weight (6) was attributed to the ‘Fault factor’; the other factors all received a smaller relative weight (2–4). The high weight of the ‘Fault factor’ (based on the location in/outside the mountain range, the fault type and length) is strongly constrained by the importance of the Wenchuan earthquake that, for example, triggered far more landslides in 2008 than the Nepal earthquake in 2015: the main difference is that the fault activated by the Wenchuan earthquake created an extensive surface rupture within the Longmenshan Range marked by a very high topographic energy while the one activated by the Nepal earthquake ruptured the surface in the frontal part of the Himalayas where the slopes are less steep and high. Finally, the calibrated factor combination was applied to almost 100 other earthquake events for which some landslide information was available. This comparison revealed the ability of the classification to provide a reasonable estimate of the number of triggered landslides and of the size of the affected area. According to this prediction, the most severe earthquake-triggered landslide event of the last one hundred years would actually be the Wenchuan earthquake in 2008 followed by the 1950 Assam earthquake in India – considering that the dominating role of the Wenchuan earthquake data (including the availability of a complete landslide inventory) for the weighting of the factors strongly influences and may even bias this result. The strongest landslide impacts on human life in recent history were caused by the Haiyuan-Gansu earthquake in 1920 – ranked as third most severe event according to our classification: its size is due to a combination of high shaking intensity, an important ‘Fault factor’ and the extreme susceptibility of the regional loess cover to slope failure, while the surface morphology of the affected area is much smoother than the one affected by the Wenchuan 2008 or the Nepal 2015 earthquakes. Conclusions: The main goal of the classification of earthquake-triggered landslide events is to help improve total seismic hazard assessment over short and longer terms. Considering the general performance of the classification-prediction, it can be seen that the prediction either fits or overestimates the known/observed number of triggered landslides for a series of earthquakes, while it often underestimates the size of the affected area. For several events (especially the older ones), the overestimation of the number of landslides can be partly explained by the incompleteness of the published catalogues. The underestimation of the extension of the area, however, is real – as some particularities cannot be taken into account by such a general approach: notably, we used the same seismic intensity attenuation for all events, while attenuation laws are dependent on regional tectonic and geological conditions. In this regard, it is likely that the far-distant triggering of landslides, e.g., by the 1988 Saguenay earthquake (and the related extreme extension of affected area) is due to a very low attenuation of seismic energy within the North American plate. Far-distant triggering of landslides in Central Asia can be explained by the susceptibility of slopes covered by thick soft soils to failure under the effect of low-frequency shaking induced by distant earthquakes, especially by the deep focal earthquakes in the Pamir – Hindukush seismic region. Such deep focal and high magnitude (> > 7) earthquakes are also found in Europe, first of all in the Vrancea region (Romania). For this area as well as for the South Tien Shan we computed possible landslide event sizes related to some future earthquake scenarios. © 2016, Havenith et al.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Assam; Distant triggering; Event size classification; Fault factor; Haiyuan-Gansu; Seismic landslides; Tien Shan; Vrancea; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Earthquake Spectra, (1987); 
Proceedings of the International Conference on Earthquake Loss Estimation and Risk Reduction Oct 24 26 2002 Bucharest Romania, (2003); 
Landslide News, (1991); 
Archuleta, Ralph J., Source parameters of the 1980 Mammoth Lakes, California, earthquake sequence., Journal of Geophysical Research, 87, B6, pp. 4595-4607, (1982); 
Azzaro, Raffaele, The earthquake of 6 September 2002 and the seismic history of Palermo (Northern Sicily, Italy): Implications for the seismic hazard assessment of the city, Journal of Seismology, 8, 4, pp. 525-543, (2004); 
Journal of Geophysical Research, (1972); 
Bakun, William H., Magnitudes and locations of the 1811-1812 New Madrid, Missouri, and the 1886 Charleston, South Carolina, earthquakes, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 94, 1, pp. 64-75, (2004); 
Bǎlteanu, Dǎn, Romania, Developments in Earth Surface Processes, 5, C, pp. 409-427, (1997); 
Bull Seismol Soc Am, (1987); 
Beck, Susan L., Great earthquakes and subduction along the Peru trench, Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 57, 3-4, pp. 199-224, (1989)
PUBLISHER: Springer
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS; GREEN ACCEPTED OPEN ACCESS; GREEN OPEN ACCESS

Wang, J., Yu, Y., Wei, X., Gong, Q., Xiong, H.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wang, Jun (57214696475); Yu, Yan (56364602800); Wei, Xinfeng (57193207038); Gong, Qinghua (56602260100); Xiong, Haixian (57193206595)
57214696475; 56364602800; 57193207038; 56602260100; 57193206595
Run-out effects of debris flows based on numerical simulation
(2016) Open Civil Engineering Journal, 10, pp. 848 - 858, Cited 1 times.
DOI: 10.2174/1874149501610010848
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85011709942&doi=10.2174%2F1874149501610010848&partnerID=40&md5=4de6f6274c6f7e32a73a762ea45d9cfe

AFFILIATIONS: Guangzhou Institute of Geography, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangzhou Institute of Geography, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Zhanjiang City Housing and Urban Construction Bureau, Zhanjiang, China; China Petroleum Pipeline Engineering Co., Ltd., Langfang, Hebei, China
ABSTRACT: Debris flows are a common natural disaster in mountainous areas and often cause severe casualties and property loss. Debris-flow run-out effects analysis can provide an idea of the spatial risks posed to the downstream area of a debris flow, which is extremely important for local populations’ lives, disaster mitigation and planning the layout of economic construction. The objective of this study is to develop a new method to quantify debris flow run-out effects by combining debris flow simulation results and data for different types of land use within the inundated area. After a three-dimensional numerical simulation platform was established, the numerical simulation method was applied as a modeling tool to simulate the inundated areas and final buried depths under rainfalls with different return periods. The simulated result for flow depth under a 100-year return period rainfall event was validated based on field measurements. Finally, the debris-flow run-out effects under different return periods were analyzed by combining the simulation results and land use data. The proposed method can enhance the accuracy of debris-flow spatial risk assessment and has great value for application. © Wang et al.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flow; Dynamic process; Land use; Numerical simulation; Run-out effect; Wenchuan earthquake
REFERENCES: Wang, Jun, A modified certainty coefficient method (M-CF) for debris flow susceptibility assessment: A case study for the Wenchuan earthquake meizoseismal areas, Journal of Mountain Science, 11, 5, pp. 1286-1297, (2014); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2010); 
Liu, Chuanzheng, Basic feature and origin of the "8·8" mountain torrent-debris flow disaster happened in Zhouqu County, Gansu, China, Aug. 8, 2010, Geological Bulletin of China, 30, 1, pp. 141-150, (2011); 
Wang, Jun, Debris flow formation process and critical hydrodynamic conditions in the meizoseismal area of the Wenchuan earthquake, Journal of Mountain Science, 12, 3, pp. 699-710, (2015); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2013); 
Hollingsworth, Robert, SOIL SLUMPS AND DEBRIS FLOWS: PREDICTION AND PROTECTION., Bulletin of the Association of Engineering Geologists, 18, 1, pp. 17-28, (1981); 
Swiss National Hydrological and Geological Survey, (1998); 
Journal of Beijing Forestry College, (1982); 
Journal of Catastrophology, (1988); 
Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control, (1996)
PUBLISHER: Bentham Science Publishers B.V. P.O. Box 294 Bussum 1400 AG
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; HYBRID GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Liang, J., Hu, X., Han, M., Fang, L., Wu, J., Ye, Z.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Liang, Jingxuan (55832404600); Hu, Xiewen (7404709509); Han, Mei (56621900500); Fang, Li (56621985600); Wu, Jianli (57209892238); Ye, Zhenghui (57192273658)
55832404600; 7404709509; 56621900500; 56621985600; 57209892238; 57192273658
Deformation and failure mechanism of large ancient landslide induced by Wenchuan earthquake in front of Zipingpu hydraulic dam
(2016) Xinan Jiaotong Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University, 51 (6), pp. 1154 - 1162, Cited 1 times.
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.2016.06.015
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85002822513&doi=10.3969%2Fj.issn.0258-2724.2016.06.015&partnerID=40&md5=02453d66310f5d9838bcd6f505b65c6f

AFFILIATIONS: Engineering Laboratory Combined with National and Local of Spatial Information Technology of High-Speed Railway Operation Safety, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; School of Mathematics, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: To make clear why nearly all large ancient landslides kept stable in Wenchuan earthquake, except for the collapse and deformation of steep slope areas and the boundary of the steep and gentle slope areas, a large ancient landslide was explored, which locates at the left riverbank in front of the dam of Zipingpu. Based on the monitoring data and numerical simulation, the deformation characteristics as well as the strain and stress distribution of the talus slope were analyzed. The results indicate that the maximum displacement of the slope under the earthquake reaches 150 mm, which locates on the shoulder surface of Dengzhanping plateau. The earthquake has a significant influence on shear stress in the ancient landslide, resulting in the stress concentration on the sliding surface in the vicinity of free surface in the front of the Dengzhanping plateau. The deformation and failure mode of the large ancient landslide largely depends on the surface condition between rock bed and overlying talus and the micro-landform. When the overall topographic gradient of the Dengzhanping ancient landslide is 20°, and the inclination of rock-soil boundary is about 13°, Wenchuan earthquake only led to collapse on the boundary of the steep and gentle slope areas, but not induced the overall instability of the ancient landslide. © 2016, Editorial Department of Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University. All right reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Analysis of stress and strain; Deformation and failure mechanism; Dengzhanping large ancient landslide; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Deformation; Failure (mechanical); Geophysics; Landslides; Shear stress; Stress concentration; Analysis of stress and strains; Ancient landslide; Deformation and failure mechanism; Deformation and failures; Deformation Characteristics; Maximum displacement; Topographic gradients; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes
REFERENCES: Huang, Runqiu, Mechanism and geomechanical modes of landslide hazards triggered by Wenchuan 8.0 earthquake, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 28, 6, pp. 1239-1249, (2009); 
Huang, Runqiu, Research on development and distribution rules of geohazards induced by Wenchuan earthquake on 12th May, 2008, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 27, 12, pp. 2585-2592, (2008); 
Hu, Xiewen, Earthquake reactivation effects and stability study of Malingyan Landslide in Tangjiashan dammed lake, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 28, 6, pp. 1270-1278, (2009); 
Water Power, (2008); 
Xu, Xiangtao, Research on deformation and failure mechanism of the talus slope located at left riverbank ahead of the dam of Zipingpu hydraulic project, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 27, SUPPL., pp. 2642-2650, (2008); 
Wang, Jialin, Monitoring analysis of influence of Wenchuan 8.0 earthquake on talus slope stability at left bank in front dam of zipingpu hydraulic project, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 28, 6, pp. 1279-1287, (2009); 
Wang, Yongzhi, Experimental research of dynamic failure mechanism of rockmass in meizoseismal area, Yantu Lixue/Rock and Soil Mechanics, 26, 11, pp. 1841-1844, (2005); 
Liang, Qingguo, Physical simulation study on dynamic failures of layered rock masses under strong ground motion, Yantu Lixue/Rock and Soil Mechanics, 26, 8, pp. 1307-1311, (2005); 
Rock and Soil Mechanics, (2009); 
Xu, Guangxing, Dynamic response of slopes under earthquakes and influence of ground motion parameters, Yantu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 30, 6, pp. 918-923, (2008)
PUBLISHER: Science Press shengtaixuebao@mail.rcees.ac.cn
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Xu, C., Xiwei, X.-W., Tian, Y., Shen, L., Yao, Q., Huang, X., Ma, J., Chen, X., Ma, S.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Xu, Chong (35184309900); Xiwei, Xu (8246843900); Tian, Yingying (56384732700); Shen, Lingling (56032649500); Yao, Qi (57207434310); Huang, Xueqiang (57192268402); Ma, Junxue (57192269564); Chen, Xi (57192279483); Ma, Siyuan (57190214231)
35184309900; 8246843900; 56384732700; 56032649500; 57207434310; 57192268402; 57192269564; 57192279483; 57190214231
Two comparable earthquakes produced greatly different coseismic landslides: The 2015 Gorkha, Nepal and 2008 Wenchuan, China events
(2016) Journal of Earth Science, 27 (6), pp. 1008 - 1015, Cited 64 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s12583-016-0684-6
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85002562361&doi=10.1007%2Fs12583-016-0684-6&partnerID=40&md5=272055387fc81f6e79c691729e984274

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Active Tectonics and Volcano, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China; Beijing Meteorological Service, Beijing Meteorological Information Center, Beijing, Beijing, China; China Earthquake Networks Center, Beijing, China; School of Engineering and Technology, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: The 2015 Gorkha Earthquake in Nepal and the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake in China occurred at the south and southeast margins of the Tibetan Plateau, respectively. Both earthquakes had similar magnitudes of Mw 7.8 and 7.9, caused catastrophic loss of life and damage to property, and generated tens of thousands of landslides. Comparisons of pre- and post-quake satellite images supported by field investigations show that the Gorkha Earthquake triggered at least 2 064 large landslides (defined as covering an area ≥10 000 m2) over a ∼35 600 km2 region with a volume of (444–584)×106 (average 509×106) m3 and total area of 44.78×106 m2. In contrast, the Wenchuan Earthquake triggered 25 580 large landslides over a region of ∼44 000 km2 with a volume of (7 128–9 479)×106 (average 8 219×106) m3 and a total area of about 670.65×106 m2. Several controlling factors including topographic relief, slope steepness, and regional peak ground acceleration (PGA) were investigated to try to explain the great differences between the number, volume and area of the coseismic landslides associated with the two similar earthquakes. We found that the differences primarily arose from an unexpected factor, the dip angle of the seismogenic fault. This discovery should aid understanding the failure mechanisms of quake-triggered landslides, and suggests that more factors should be taken into consideration in estimating coseismic landslide volumes from earthquake magnitudes. © 2016, The Authors.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: dip angle; Gorkha Earthquake; landslide; seismogenic fault; Wenchuan Earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: comparative study; coseismic process; earthquake magnitude; failure mechanism; Gorkha earthquake 2015; landslide; Sichuan earthquake 2008; China; Nepal; Qinghai-Xizang Plateau; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Angster, Stephen J., Field reconnaissance after the 25 April 2015 M 7.8 Gorkha Earthquake, Seismological Research Letters, 86, 6, pp. 1506-1513, (2015); 
Bhakuni, Surendra S., Neotectonic Fault in the middle part of Lesser Himalaya, Arunachal Pradesh: A study based on structural and morphotectonic analyses, Himalayan Geology, 34, 1, pp. 57-64, (2013); 
Nepal Earthquake Response 2015, (2015); 
Chiaro, Gabriele, Reconnaissance report on geotechnical and structural damage caused by the 2015 Gorkha Earthquake, Nepal, Soils and Foundations, 55, 5, pp. 1030-1043, (2015); 
Assessment of Existing and Potential Landslide Hazards Resulting from the April 25 2015 Gorkha Nepal Earthquake Sequence, (2015); 
Galetzka, John E., Slip pulse and resonance of the Kathmandu basin during the 2015 Gorkha earthquake, Nepal, Science, 349, 6252, pp. 1091-1095, (2015); 
Görüm, Tolga, Distribution pattern of earthquake-induced landslides triggered by the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Geomorphology, 133, 3-4, pp. 152-167, (2011); 
Inventory of Landslides Triggered by the 1994 Northridge California Earthquake, (1995); 
Geotechnical Field Reconnaissance Gorkha Nepal Earthquake of April 25 2015 and Related Shaking Sequence, (2015); 
Hauksson, Egill, The 1994 Northridge earthquake sequence in California: seimological and tectonic aspects, Journal of Geophysical Research, 100, B7, pp. 12-355, (1995)
PUBLISHER: China University of Geosciences
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; HYBRID GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Dai, K., Li, Z., Tomás, R., Liu, G., Yu, B., Wang, X., Cheng, H., Chen, J., Stockamp, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Dai, Keren (56005107100); Li, Zhenhong (57898397300); Tomás, Roberto S. (57202697815); Liu, Guoxiang (22035722100); Yu, Bing (37087868200); Wang, Xiaowen (55790720900); Cheng, Haiqin (55323368700); Chen, Jiajun (57778050500); Stockamp, Julia (56084804100)
56005107100; 57898397300; 57202697815; 22035722100; 37087868200; 55790720900; 55323368700; 57778050500; 56084804100
Monitoring activity at the Daguangbao mega-landslide (China) using Sentinel-1 TOPS time series interferometry
(2016) Remote Sensing of Environment, 186, pp. 501 - 513, Cited 193 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.rse.2016.09.009
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84988660481&doi=10.1016%2Fj.rse.2016.09.009&partnerID=40&md5=504171c0f5ee09c9fc0082781b65b360

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Remote Sensing and Geospatial Information Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Newcastle University, Newcastle, Tyne and Wear, United Kingdom; Department of Civil Engineering, Universitat d'Alacant, Alicante, Alicante, Spain; School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Southwest Petroleum University China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China; School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
ABSTRACT: The Daguangbao mega-landslide (China), induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake (M<inf>w</inf> = 7.9), with an area of approximately 8 km2, is one of the largest landslides in the world. Experts predicted that the potential risk and instability of the landslide might remain for many decades, or even longer. Monitoring the activity of such a large landslide is hence critical. Terrain Observation by Progressive Scans (TOPS) mode from the Sentinel-1 satellite provides us with up-to-date high-quality Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images over a wide ground coverage (250 × 250 km), enabling full exploitation of various InSAR applications. However, the TOPS mode introduces azimuth-dependent Doppler variations to radar signals, which requires an additional processing step especially for SAR interferometry. Sentinel-1 TOPS data have been widely applied to earthquakes, but the performance of TOPS data-based time series analysis requires further exploitation. In this study, Sentinel-1 TOPS data were employed to investigate landslide post-seismic activities for the first time. To deal with the azimuth-dependent Doppler variations, a processing chain of TOPS time series interferometry approach was developed. Since the Daguangbao landslide is as a result of the collapse of a whole mountain caused by the 2008 Mw 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake, the existing Digital Elevation Models (DEMs, e.g. SRTM and ASTER) exhibit height differences of up to approximately 500 m. Tandem-X images acquired after the earthquake were used to generate a high resolution post-seismic DEM. The high gradient topographic errors of the SRTM DEM (i.e. the differences between the pre-seismic SRTM and the actual post-seismic elevation), together with low coherence in mountainous areas make it difficult to derive a precise DEM using the traditional InSAR processing procedure. A re-flattening iterative method was hence developed to generate a precise TanDEM-X DEM in this study. The volume of the coseismic Daguangbao landslide was estimated to be of 1.189 ± 0.110 × 109 m3 by comparing the postseismic Tandem-X DEM with the preseismic SRTM DEM, which is consistent with the engineering geological survey result. The time-series results from Sentinel-1 show that some sectors of the Daguangbao landslide are still active (and displaying four sliding zones) and exhibiting a maximum displacement rate of 8 cm/year, even eight years after the Wenchuan earthquake. The good performance of TOPS in this time series analysis indicates that up-to-date high-quality TOPS data with spatiotemporal baselines offer significant potential in terms of future InSAR applications. © 2016 The Authors
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Daguangbao landslide; InSAR; Sentinel-1; Tandem-X; TOPS; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Harmonic analysis; Interferometry; Iterative methods; Landslides; Quality control; Radar imaging; Space-based radar; Surveying; Synthetic aperture radar; Time series analysis; Tracking radar; Daguangbao landslides; InSAR; Sentinel-1; TanDEM-X; TOPS; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes; digital elevation model; digital terrain model; geological survey; interferometry; landslide; performance assessment; risk assessment; satellite imagery; Sentinel; Shuttle Radar Topography Mission; spatiotemporal analysis; synthetic aperture radar; time series analysis; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Berardino, Paolo, A new algorithm for surface deformation monitoring based on small baseline differential SAR interferograms, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 40, 11, pp. 2375-2383, (2002); 
Biggs, Juliet, Multi-interferogram method for measuring interseismic deformation: Denali Fault, Alaska, Geophysical Journal International, 170, 3, pp. 1165-1179, (2007); 
Chen, Curtis W., Phase unwrapping for large SAR interferograms: Statistical segmentation and generalized network models, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 40, 8, pp. 1709-1719, (2002); 
Chen, Qiang, Quantification of mass wasting volume associated with the giant landside Daguangbao induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake from persistent scatterer InSAR, Remote Sensing of Environment, 152, pp. 125-135, (2014); 
Chen, Mi, Imaging land subsidence induced by groundwater extraction in Beijing (China) using satellite radar interferometry, Remote Sensing, 8, 6, (2016); 
Chigira, Masahiro, Landslides induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China, Geomorphology, 118, 3-4, pp. 225-238, (2010); 
Cruden, David M., Landslide types and processes, Special Report - National Research Council, Transportation Research Board, 247, pp. 36-75, (1996); 
Cui, Peng, The 12 May Wenchuan earthquake-induced landslide lakes: Distribution and preliminary risk evaluation, Landslides, 6, 3, pp. 209-223, (2009); 
Dai, Keren, Extracting vertical displacement rates in Shanghai (China) with multi-platform SAR images, Remote Sensing, 7, 8, pp. 9542-9562, (2015); 
undefined, (2015)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier Inc. usjcs@elsevier.com
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GREEN ACCEPTED OPEN ACCESS; GREEN OPEN ACCESS; HYBRID GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Huang, D., Song, Y., Cen, D., Fu, G.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Huang, Da (55079254000); Song, Yixiang (57190386188); Cen, Duofeng (55624693800); Fu, Guoyang (36617302100)
55079254000; 57190386188; 55624693800; 36617302100
Numerical Modeling of Earthquake-Induced Landslide Using an Improved Discontinuous Deformation Analysis Considering Dynamic Friction Degradation of Joints
(2016) Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 49 (12), pp. 4767 - 4786, Cited 43 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s00603-016-1056-3
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84979545667&doi=10.1007%2Fs00603-016-1056-3&partnerID=40&md5=7333353c54d24cc31cd0db24642d4630

AFFILIATIONS: Chongqing University, Chongqing, China; School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China; School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
ABSTRACT: Discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA) as an efficient technique has been extensively applied in the dynamic simulation of discontinuous rock mass. In the original DDA (ODDA), the Mohr–Coulomb failure criterion is employed as the judgment principle of failure between contact blocks, and the friction coefficient is assumed to be constant in the whole calculation process. However, it has been confirmed by a host of shear tests that the dynamic friction of rock joints degrades. Therefore, the friction coefficient should be gradually reduced during the numerical simulation of an earthquake-induced rockslide. In this paper, based on the experimental results of cyclic shear tests on limestone joints, exponential regression formulas are fitted for dynamic friction degradation, which is a function of the relative velocity, the amplitude of cyclic shear displacement and the number of its cycles between blocks with an edge-to-edge contact. Then, an improved DDA (IDDA) is developed by implementing the fitting regression formulas and a modified removing technique of joint cohesion, in which the cohesion is removed once the ‘sliding’ or ‘open’ state between blocks appears for the first time, into the ODDA. The IDDA is first validated by comparing with the theoretical solutions of the kinematic behaviors of a sliding block on an inclined plane under dynamic loading. Then, the program is applied to model the Donghekou landslide triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China. The simulation results demonstrate that the dynamic friction degradation of joints has great influences on the runout and velocity of sliding mass. Moreover, the friction coefficient possesses higher impact than the cohesion of joints on the kinematic behaviors of the sliding mass. © 2016, Springer-Verlag Wien.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Discontinuous deformation analysis; Dynamic friction degradation; Earthquake-induced landslide; Friction coefficient; Joint
INDEX KEYWORDS: Adhesion; Deformation; Dynamic loads; Earthquakes; Geophysics; Joints (structural components); Kinematics; Landslides; Numerical models; Shear flow; Tribology; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Coulomb failure criteria; Discontinuous deformation analysis; Discontinuous rock mass; Dynamic friction; Earthquake-induced landslides; Exponential regression; Friction coefficients; Friction; deformation mechanism; friction; joint; landslide; limestone; numerical model; rock block; rock mass classification; shear test; Sichuan earthquake 2008; sliding; China; Donghekou; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Chen, H. Joanna, Erosional effects on runout of fast landslides, debris flows and avalanches: A numerical investigation, Geotechnique, 56, 5, pp. 305-322, (2006); 
Crawford, Adrian M., The influence of shear velocity on the frictional resistance of rock discontinuities, International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences and Geomechanics, 18, 6, pp. 505-515, (1981); 
Crawford, Adrian M., The influence of rate- and displacement-dependent shear resistance on the response of rock slopes to seismic loads, International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences and Geomechanics, 19, 1, pp. 1-8, (1982); 
Dieterich, James H., Modeling of rock friction 1. Experimental results and constitutive equations, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 84, B5, pp. 2161-2168, (1979); 
Faris, Fikri, Investigation of the initiation mechanism of an earthquake- induced landslide during rainfall: a case study of the Tandikat landslide, West Sumatra, Indonesia, Geoenvironmental Disasters, 1, 1, (2014); 
Fox, Douglas J., Influence of interface roughness on dynamic shear behavior in jointed rock, International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 35, 7, pp. 923-940, (1998); 
Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division, (1966); 
Görüm, Tolga, Distribution pattern of earthquake-induced landslides triggered by the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Geomorphology, 133, 3-4, pp. 152-167, (2011); 
Hatzor, Yossef H., The validity of dynamic block displacement prediction using DDA, International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 38, 4, pp. 599-606, (2001); 
Hatzor, Yossef H., Dynamic stability analysis of jointed rock slopes using the DDA method: King Herod's Palace, Masada, Israel, International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 41, 5, pp. 813-832, (2004)
PUBLISHER: Springer-Verlag Wien michaela.bolli@springer.at
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Sun, L., Chen, J., Li, T.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Sun, Liqun (55493007100); Chen, Ji (16443980300); Li, Tiejian (8342291900)
55493007100; 16443980300; 8342291900
A MODIS-based method for detecting large-scale vegetation disturbance due to natural hazards: a case study of Wenchuan earthquake stricken regions in China
(2016) Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment, 30 (8), pp. 2243 - 2254, Cited 6 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s00477-015-1160-z
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84944594745&doi=10.1007%2Fs00477-015-1160-z&partnerID=40&md5=00025d6d5b02f963f75cc63bafad879a

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
ABSTRACT: In the global carbon cycle, terrestrial biomass plays an important role in both as a sink and source. To evaluate biomass variation due to various natural hazards, it is necessary to detect the location, extent and duration of vegetation disturbance at a large spatial scale with an efficient method. This study contributes to develop such a method, and only the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) MOD13Q1 enhanced vegetation index (EVI) products are used to generate a continuous vegetation damage index (CVDI) for detecting severe vegetation disturbance in large areas. To verify the performance of this new index, this study takes the identification of the vegetation damage due to the Wenchuan earthquake in China occurred on 12 May 2008 as a case study. This study calculates the CVDI for the earthquake stricken areas, and delineates the regions with considerable EVI abnormal variation. The study result reveals that those delineated regions with severe vegetation damage are normally consistent with the areas with the landslides caused by the earthquake. Moreover, according to the changes of other vegetation-related MODIS datasets since 12 May 2008, this study discloses that the EVI value in most of the areas, where the vegetation was damaged due to the earthquake, has not reached to the normal value in 2012, which is 4 years after the earthquake. Finally, to validate the vegetation damage areas determined by CVDI method, the high resolution images and field survey information are used. This study confirms that CVDI method can effectively delineate large-scale terrestrial biomass disturbance due to the earthquake and can accurately identify the vegetation recovery process. © 2015, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Continuous vegetation damage index; Enhanced vegetation index (EVI); Threshold and EVI ratio; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Biohazards; Biomass; Carbon; Damage detection; Earthquakes; Geophysics; Hazards; Image reconstruction; Radiometers; Satellite imagery; Enhanced vegetation index; Global carbon cycle; High resolution image; Moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer; Threshold and EVI ratio; Vegetation damage; Vegetation recovery; Wenchuan Earthquake; Vegetation; disturbance; earthquake damage; field survey; image resolution; MODIS; Sichuan earthquake 2008; threshold; vegetation index; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Chen, Ji, Using MODIS EVI to detect vegetation damage caused by the 2008 ice and snow storms in south China, Journal of Geophysical Research, 115, 4, (2010); 
Cui, Peng, Destruction of vegetation due to geo-hazards and its environmental impacts in the Wenchuan earthquake areas, Ecological Engineering, 44, pp. 61-69, (2012); 
Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011); 
Di Mauro, Biagio, Post-fire resilience in the Alpine region estimated from MODIS satellite multispectral data, International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 32, 1, pp. 163-172, (2014); 
Di, Baofeng, Quantifying the spatial distribution of soil mass wasting processes after the 2008 earthquake in Wenchuan, China. A case study of the Longmenshan area, Remote Sensing of Environment, 114, 4, pp. 761-771, (2010); 
Gu, Lianhong, The 2007 eastern US spring freeze: Increased cold damage in a warming world?, BioScience, 58, 3, pp. 253-262, (2008); 
Horion, Stéphanie, Using earth observation-based dry season NDVI trends for assessment of changes in tree cover in the Sahel, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 35, 7, pp. 2493-2515, (2014); 
Huang, Runqiu, Analysis of the geo-hazards triggered by the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake, China, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 68, 3, pp. 363-371, (2009); 
Huete, Alfredo Ramon, Development of vegetation and soil indices for MODIS-EOS, Remote Sensing of Environment, 49, 3, pp. 224-234, (1994); 
Huete, Alfredo Ramon, Overview of the radiometric and biophysical performance of the MODIS vegetation indices, Remote Sensing of Environment, 83, 1-2, pp. 195-213, (2002)
PUBLISHER: Springer New York LLC barbara.b.bertram@gsk.com
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zheng, T., Liu, H., Yuan, X., Qi, W.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zheng, Tong (36441957000); Liu, Hongshuai (8728684200); Yuan, Xiaoming (7402202566); Qi, Wenhao (11940844400)
36441957000; 8728684200; 7402202566; 11940844400
Experimental study on seismic response of anti-slide piles with anchor cables by centrifugal shaking table
(2016) Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 35 (11), pp. 2276 - 2286, Cited 22 times.
DOI: 10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2016.0392
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84996799422&doi=10.13722%2Fj.cnki.jrme.2016.0392&partnerID=40&md5=872777e0f838b365f016c6eabd3737fa

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing, China; National Earthquake Infrastructure Service, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Seismic performances of anti-slide piles with anchor cables are the basis for establishing and improving their seismic design method. To reveal the seismic behaviors of anti-slide piles with anchor cables, the project of anti-slide piles with anchor cables reinforcing the Beihou mountain landslide was taken as the reference prototype, and the corresponding 50 g model on centrifugal shaking table for simulating the prototype performances was built. The bedrock waves at Qingxi station during the Wenchuan earthquake were exerted as the base excitation in the model tests. The historic data of accelerations on the surface and inside the landslide reinforced by anti-slide piles with anchor cables, the strains of pile, the dynamic soil pressures between the landslide body and the anti-slide piles and the axial forces of anchor cables were recorded. The variations of landslide accelerations, bending moments of anti-slide, dynamic soil pressures between the landslide body and the anti-slide piles, axial forces of anchor cable were revealed from the above data. © 2016, Science Press. All right reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Accumulated landslides; Anti-slide piles with anchor cables; Centrifugal shaking table; Seismic response; Slope engineering
INDEX KEYWORDS: Axial flow; Cables; Centrifugation; Earthquakes; Landslides; Piles; Reinforcement; Seismic design; Seismic response; Seismology; Slope protection; Anti-slide pile; Base excitation; Seismic behavior; Seismic design method; Seismic Performance; Shaking tables; Slope engineering; Wenchuan Earthquake; Anchor cables
REFERENCES: Landslidology and Landslide Control Technique, (2024); 
Zhou, Depei, Seismic damage analysis of road slopes in Wenchuan earthquake, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 29, 3, pp. 565-576, (2010); 
Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong University, (2001); 
Li, Xunchang, Test research on strata resistance of pile side of anchor anti-slide pile, Yantu Lixue/Rock and Soil Mechanics, 30, 9, pp. 2655-2659, (2009); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2010); 
Li, Xunchang, Experimental study on failure modes for anti-slide piles with a single anchor, Yantu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 33, 5, pp. 803-807, (2011); 
Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, (2011); 
Safety and Environmental Engineering, (2015); 
Zhang, Yufang, Measuring and analyzing tension force of anchor cable in anti-slide pile with pre-stressed anchor cable, Zhongguo Tiedao Kexue/China Railway Science, 24, 3, (2003); 
Geotechnical Engineering World, (2019)
PUBLISHER: Academia Sinica kjwang@public.wh.hb.cn
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zhang, S., Zhang, L.M., Laçasse, S., Nadim, F.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhang, Shuai (55092670700); Zhang, Limin Min (58883008100); Laçasse, Suzanne M. (7005464815); Nadim, Farrokh (57200584204)
55092670700; 58883008100; 7005464815; 57200584204
Evolution of Mass Movements near Epicentre of Wenchuan Earthquake, the First Eight Years
(2016) Scientific Reports, 6, art. no. 36154, Cited 95 times.
DOI: 10.1038/srep36154
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84994444657&doi=10.1038%2Fsrep36154&partnerID=40&md5=1f1f4fb5c872e7463099e1ca42a501d8

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Technological and Higher Education Institute of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Norges Geotekniske Institutt, Oslo, Oslo, Norway
ABSTRACT: It is increasingly clear that landslides represent a major cause of economic costs and deaths in earthquakes in mountains. In the Wenchuan earthquake case, post-seismic cascading landslides continue to represent a major problem eight years on. Failure to anticipate the impact of cascading landslides could lead to unexpected losses of human lives and properties. Previous studies tended to focus on separate landslide processes, with little attention paid to the quantification of long-term evolution of multiple processes or the evolution of mass movements. The very active mass movements near the epicentre of the Wenchuan earthquake provided us a unique opportunity to understand the complex processes of the evolving cascading landslides after a strong earthquake. This study budgets the mass movements on the hillslopes and in the channels in the first eight years since the Wenchuan earthquake and verify a conservation in mass movements. A system illustrating the evolution and interactions of mass movement after a strong earthquake is proposed. © The Author(s) 2016.
INDEX KEYWORDS: attention; budget; earthquake; human; landslide; quantitative study
REFERENCES: Whipple, Kelin X., Geomorphic limits to climate-induced increases in topographic relief, Nature, 401, 6748, pp. 39-43, (1999); 
Dadson, Simon J., Links between erosion, runoff variability and seismicity in the Taiwan orogen, Nature, 426, 6967, pp. 648-651, (2003); 
Larsen, Isaac J., Landslide erosion controlled by hillslope material, Nature Geoscience, 3, 4, pp. 247-251, (2010); 
Hovius, Niels, Prolonged seismically induced erosion and the mass balance of a large earthquake, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 304, 3-4, pp. 347-355, (2011); 
Parker, Robert N., Mass wasting triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake is greater than orogenic growth, Nature Geoscience, 4, 7, pp. 449-452, (2011); 
Hillslope Form and Process, (1972); 
Fundamentals of Physical Geography Ch, (2006); 
Keefer, David K., The importance of earthquake-induced landslides to long-term slope erosion and slope-failure hazards in seismically active regions, Geomorphology, 10, 1-4, pp. 265-284, (1994); 
Korup, Oliver, Giant landslides, topography, and erosion, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 261, 3-4, pp. 578-589, (2007); 
McPhillips, Devin F., Millennial-scale record of landslides in the Andes consistent with earthquake trigger, Nature Geoscience, 7, 12, pp. 925-930, (2014)
PUBLISHER: Nature Publishing Group
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS; GREEN ACCEPTED OPEN ACCESS; GREEN OPEN ACCESS

Liu, G.-H., Liu, H.-H., Yao, K., Xia, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Liu, Guanghui (57193693449); Liu, Hanhu (9240308700); Yao, Kun (59588301200); Xia, Jie (57193699259)
57193693449; 9240308700; 59588301200; 57193699259
Based on the weights of evidence method and certainty factor method of landslide danger division comparative analysis - A case study in Hongkou, Chine
(2016) Wutan Huatan Jisuan Jishu, 38 (6), pp. 848 - 853, Cited 2 times.
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1749.2016.06.21
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85015935640&doi=10.3969%2Fj.issn.1001-1749.2016.06.21&partnerID=40&md5=cad21100816a982076978ebe58a67c7e

AFFILIATIONS: Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; College of Eong Sciences, Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Geological Spatial Information Technology, Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Hongkou township in Dujiangyan is a national scenic spot. After Wenchuan earthquake, landslides frequently occur in this area, which greatly threatens personal and property safety of tourists and residents there. Thus, it becomes significantly important to develop forecast to the landslide dangerous area of this region. This article based on GIS platform, takes geologic map, topographic map, DEM elevation data, QuickBird image as data sources, selects 6 evaluation factors of stratigraphic lithology, structure, elevation, slope, slope direction and water system, applies to weight of evidence method, determination coefficient method to make comparative analysis to the analytical methods of landslide dangers in research area and find out the best research method to landslide risk area. The analysis shows that, accuracy rate of determination coefficient method is 0. 7732, while weight of evidence method has 0. 7216 accuracy rate. After field research, the risk area predicated by method of determination coefficient can match practical situation more with high accuracy. Thus determination coefficient method is more fitness for the research of landslide risk area in Hongkou Township.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Certainty factor; GIS; Landslides; Weights of evidence
INDEX KEYWORDS: comparative study; digital elevation model; geological mapping; GIS; landslide; QuickBird; topographic mapping; China; Dujiangyan; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Parise, Mario, A seismic landslide susceptibility rating of geologic units based on analysis of characterstics of landslides triggered by the 17 January, 1994 Northridge, California earthquake, Engineering Geology, 58, 3-4, pp. 251-270, (2000); 
Journal of Catastrophology, (2015); 
Wang, Zhiwang, Zonation of landslide hazards based on weights of evidence model, Yantu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 29, 8, pp. 1268-1273, (2007); 
Hydrogeology Engineering Geology, (2012); 
Xu, Chong, Earthquake triggered landslide susceptibility evaluation based on GIS platform and weight-of-evidence modeling, Diqiu Kexue - Zhongguo Dizhi Daxue Xuebao/Earth Science - Journal of China University of Geosciences, 36, 6, pp. 1155-1164, (2011); 
Xu, Chong, The Yushu earthquake triggered landslide hazard evaluation based on weight of evidence method, Dizhen Dizhi, 35, 1, pp. 151-164, (2013); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2010); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2014); 
Xu, Chong, GIS based certainty factor analysis of landslide triggering factors in Wenchuan earthquake, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 29, SUPPL. 1, pp. 2972-2981, (2010); 
Wen, Shouqin, Application of GIS technology in the regionalization of geological hazards, Geology in China, 32, 3, pp. 516-517, (2005)
PUBLISHER: China National Publications Import and Export (Group) Corporation BKCK@cnpiec.com.cn
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Sun, J., Vu, T.T.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Sun, Jing (57216906696); Vu, Tuong Thuy (59121316400)
57216906696; 59121316400
Distributed and hierarchical object-based image analysis for damage assessment: a case study of 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, China
(2016) Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk, 7 (6), pp. 1962 - 1972, Cited 4 times.
DOI: 10.1080/19475705.2016.1171257
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84964452817&doi=10.1080%2F19475705.2016.1171257&partnerID=40&md5=67eebfbcd967b5f7efac92a59ab39654

AFFILIATIONS: Division of Geoinformatics, The Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Stockholm, Stockholms, Sweden; School of Geography, The University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
ABSTRACT: Object-based image analysis (OBIA) is an emerging technique for analyzing remote sensing image based on object properties including spectral, geometry, contextual and texture information. To reduce the computational cost of this comprehensive OBIA and make it more feasible in disaster responses, we developed a unique approach – distributed and hierarchical OBIA approach for damage assessment. This study demonstrated a completed classification of YingXiu town, heavily devastated by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake using Quickbrid imagery. Two distinctive areas, mountainous areas and urban, were analyzed separately. This approach does not require substantial processing power and large amounts of available memory because image of a large disaster-affected area was split in smaller pieces. Two or more computers could be used in parallel to process and analyze these sub-images based on different requirements. The approach can be applicable in other cases whereas the established set of rules can be adopted in similar study areas. More experiments will be carried out in future studies to prove its feasibility. © 2016 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: earthquake; geomorphology; landslides; remote sensing; Seismic zones
INDEX KEYWORDS: Damage detection; Disasters; Earthquakes; Geomorphology; Landslides; Remote sensing; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Computational costs; Damage assessments; Hierarchical objects; Object based image analysis (OBIA); Remote sensing images; Seismic zones; Texture information; Image analysis
REFERENCES: Akçay, Huseyin Gökhan, Automatic detection of geospatial objects using multiple hierarchical segmentations, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 46, 7, pp. 2097-2111, (2008); 
Aksoy, Beliz, Landslide identification and classification by object-based image analysis and fuzzy logic: An example from the Azdavay region (Kastamonu, Turkey), Computers and Geosciences, 38, 1, pp. 87-98, (2012); 
Blaschke, Thomas, Object based image analysis for remote sensing, ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 65, 1, pp. 2-16, (2010); 
Burnett, Charles, A multi-scale segmentation/object relationship modelling methodology for landscape analysis, Ecological Modelling, 168, 3, pp. 233-249, (2003); 
Cortes, Corinna, Support-Vector Networks, Machine Learning, 20, 3, pp. 273-297, (1995); 
Ecognition Developer 8 User Guide, (2009); 
Doxani, Georgia, Monitoring urban changes based on scale-space filtering and object-oriented classification, International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 15, 1, pp. 38-48, (2012); 
Gong, Jianhuaa Hua, Impacts of the Wenchuan Earthquake on the Chaping River upstream channel change, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 33, 12, pp. 3907-3929, (2012); 
Hussain, Ejaz, Building extraction and rubble mapping for city Port-au-Prince post-2010 earthquake with GeoEye-1 imagery and lidar data, Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, 77, 10, pp. 1011-1023, (2011); 
Li, Peijun, Urban building damage detection from very high resolution imagery using OCSVM and spatial features, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 31, 13, pp. 3393-3409, (2010)
PUBLISHER: Taylor and Francis Ltd. michael.wagreich@univie.ac.at
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Zhang, S., Pei, X., Zhang, X., Ran, C., Ma, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhang, Shishu (55938165600); Pei, Xiangjun (14058672500); Zhang, Xiong (55864284400); Ran, Congyan (56411739600); Ma, Jingen (57192586086)
55938165600; 14058672500; 55864284400; 56411739600; 57192586086
Source development and slope gradient effect of debris flow source in earthquake zone
(2016) Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 35, pp. 4139 - 4147, Cited 3 times.
DOI: 10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2016.1134
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85006862394&doi=10.13722%2Fj.cnki.jrme.2016.1134&partnerID=40&md5=4f4701693565b0d61c96e960c16761e6

AFFILIATIONS: PowerChina Chengdu Engineering Corporation Limited, Chengdu, China; State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: The geological hazard triggered by Wenchuan earthquake was characterized by great damage, huge volume and great quantity. It resulted in huge increasing of the potential material of debris flow in the earthquake area. Thus, the frequency and volume of debris increased after the earthquake. The investigation of the potential debris material along Duwen highway was conducted. The statistic of spatial distribution of debris was performed by GIS. The effect of gradient on debris erosion was analyzed. The results showed that, the hazard area and volume followed the model. The density of hazard was largest in the granitic area. The hazard mainly occurred on the slopes in the gradient range of 40°-50°, in the exposure range of 120°-150° and in the elevation range of 1400-2800 m. Meanwhile, it increased with increasing earthquake intensity and the distance to the surface rupture of the Wenchuan earthquake. The occurrence of the hazard followed the"hanging wall effect"and"topographic effect". The maximum value of flow velocity of the debris was reached at slope gradient of 60° and the critical slope gradient for debris erosion was in the range of 42.4°-48.1°. © 2016, Science Press. All right reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flow; Distribution rule; Erosion; Geology engineering; Slope gradient effect; Source
INDEX KEYWORDS: Earthquakes; Engineering geology; Erosion; Flow velocity; Geology; Geophysics; Hazards; Critical slope gradients; Debris flows; Distribution rule; Earthquake intensity; Hanging-wall effects; Potential materials; Slope gradients; Source; Debris
REFERENCES: Journal of Engineering Geology, (2008); 
Tang, Chuan, Catastrophic debris flows triggered by a 14 August 2010 rainfall at the epicenter of the Wenchuan earthquake, Landslides, 8, 4, pp. 485-497, (2011); 
Guzzetti, Fausto, Distribution of landslides in the Upper Tiber River basin, central Italy, Geomorphology, 96, 1-2, pp. 105-122, (2008); 
Hovius, Niels, Sediment flux from a mountain belt derived by landslide mapping, Geology, 25, 3, pp. 231-234, (1997); 
Tseng, Chihming, Application of a multi-temporal, LiDAR-derived, digital terrain model in a landslide-volume estimation, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 38, 13, pp. 1587-1601, (2013); 
Korup, Oliver, Effects of large deep-seated landslides on hillslope morphology, western Southern Alps, New Zealand, Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 111, 1, (2006); 
Advances in Mechanics, (2004); 
Wu, Yong, Hydraulic mechanism of gully bed erosion by debris flow in rainfall, Zhejiang Daxue Xuebao (Gongxue Ban)/Journal of Zhejiang University (Engineering Science), 47, 9, pp. 1585-1592, (2013); 
Ouyang, Chaojun, Numerical analysis of dynamics of debris flow over erodible beds in Wenchuan earthquake-induced area, Engineering Geology, 194, pp. 62-72, (2015); 
Zhuang, Jianqi, Research on debris flow initiation due to bed failure after Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 42, 5, pp. 230-236, (2010)
PUBLISHER: Academia Sinica kjwang@public.wh.hb.cn
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zhang, Y., Yao, X., Guo, C., Li, L., Yang, Z., Du, G.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhang, Yongshuang (55883678200); Yao, Xin (55723721600); Guo, Changbao (16318333200); Li, Lingjing (56185989500); Yang, Zhihua (55549475400); Du, Guoliang (57188931093)
55883678200; 55723721600; 16318333200; 56185989500; 55549475400; 57188931093
Regional warning of debris flow hazards after wenchuan earthquake in longmenshan region
(2016) Xinan Jiaotong Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University, 51 (5), pp. 1014 - 1023, Cited 7 times.
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.2016.05.026
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84991830643&doi=10.3969%2Fj.issn.0258-2724.2016.05.026&partnerID=40&md5=c8f8f4cbfe5945b536064215b2844ebb

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China; Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Massive loose deposits caused by the Wenchuan earthquake on May 12, 2008 have resulted in significant decrease of rainfall threshold of post-earthquake triggering debris flow in comparison with pre-earthquake level. Based on the post-earthquake debris flow characteristics analysis in the Longmenshan region, the regional rainfall threshold of triggering debris flow and its regional differences were discussed. The 72-hour rainfall distribution characteristics of post-earthquake triggering debris flows are as follows: 75-100 mm in Yingxiu-Wenchuan area, 100-160 mm in Maoxian-Beichuan area, 160-200 mm in around above regions and Pingwu-Qingchuan area, and 200 mm or more in Yanmen-Chaba area and Yuli-Pingwu area. Based on comprehensive analysis of seismogeology, topographic and geomorphic conditions, extreme rainfall and regional characteristics of post-earthquake debris flows, the regional rainfall threshold of triggering debris flow, as well as the warning index system, for earthquake-stroked region was established. The weighted information model was adopted to complete debris flow susceptibility assessment in the earthquake-stroked Longmenshan region. Then, taking the annual maximum 72-hour rainfall as a main trigger factor, the debris flow hazard assessment and regional warning study in 5 years after the Wenchuan earthquake were conducted. The results show that the regional debris flow hazard is dynamic, and the areas with high debris flow hazard change with the spatial distribution of rainfall and loose deposits. © 2016, Editorial Department of Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University. All right reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flow; Dynamic hazard; Earthquake-stroked region; Raining threshold; Regional meteorological warning
INDEX KEYWORDS: Atmospheric movements; Debris; Deposits; Earthquakes; Geophysics; Hazards; Comprehensive analysis; Debris flows; Debris-flow susceptibilities; Geomorphic conditions; Rainfall distribution; Raining threshold; Regional characteristics; Regional meteorological warning; Rain
REFERENCES: Cui, Peng, Characteristics and countermeasures of debris flow in Wenchuan area after the earthquake, Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 42, 5, pp. 10-19, (2010); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2010); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2011); 
Engineering Geology, (2012); 
Shou, Keh Jian, Spatial and temporal analysis of landslides in Central Taiwan after 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake, Engineering Geology, 123, 1-2, pp. 122-128, (2011); 
Sabo Against Earthquakes, (2000); 
Khattak, Ghazanfar Ali, Evolution of earthquake-triggered landslides in the Kashmir Himalaya, northern Pakistan, Geomorphology, 115, 1-2, pp. 102-108, (2010); 
Lin, Ching-Wee Weei, Impacts of the Chi-Chi earthquake on subsequent rainfall-induced landslides in central Taiwan, Engineering Geology, 86, 2-3, pp. 87-101, (2006); 
Hu, Xiewen, Some key problems on debris flow in Wenchuan earthquake area, Xinan Jiaotong Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University, 51, 2, pp. 331-340, (2016); 
Yao, Lingkan, Self-organized criticality of mountain system catastrophic behaviors, Xinan Jiaotong Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University, 51, 2, pp. 313-330, (2016)
PUBLISHER: Science Press shengtaixuebao@mail.rcees.ac.cn
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Meng, Q.-K., Miao, F., Zhen, J., Huang, Y., Wang, X.-Y., Peng, Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Meng, Qingkai (56810108800); Miao, Fang (35768354700); Zhen, Jing (56271714500); Huang, Yan (55168790000); Wang, Xinyuan (23006384200); Peng, Ying (56809954900)
56810108800; 35768354700; 56271714500; 55168790000; 23006384200; 56809954900
Impact of earthquake-induced landslide on the habitat suitability of giant panda in Wolong, China
(2016) Journal of Mountain Science, 13 (10), pp. 1789 - 1805, Cited 13 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11629-015-3734-0
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84991501279&doi=10.1007%2Fs11629-015-3734-0&partnerID=40&md5=4cd590c6b6cb90ded46c0bf274774a91

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China; Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Center for Earth Observation and Digital Earth, Haidian, Beijing, China; China Conserv.& Res.Ctr Giant Panda, Administration Bureau of Wolong National Nature Reserve, Aba, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Massive geological landslides and unstable landslide areas were triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. These landslides caused deaths, damaged infrastructure and threatened endanger species. This study analyzed the impact of landslides on giant pandas and their habitats from the following aspects: threatening pandas’ lives, damaging pandas’ habitat, influencing giant panda behavior, increasing habitat fragmentation; the final aspect, and blocking gene flow by cutting off corridors. A habitat suitability map was created by integrating the landslide factors with other traditional factors based on a logistics regression method. According to the landslide inventory map, there are 1313 landslides, 818 rock debris flows, 117 rock avalanches and 43 mud flows occurred in the study area. A correlation analysis indicated that landslides caused the pandas to migrate, and the core landslides within 1 km2 had greater influence on panda migration. These core landslides primarily occurred in mid-altitude regions characterized by high slopes, old geological ages, large areas and large rock mass volumes. The habitat suitability assessment results for the Wolong Natural Reserve had better prediction performance (80.9%) and demonstrated that 14.5%, 15.9%, 20.5%, 47.6% and 1.5% of the study area can be classified as very high, high, moderate, low and very low giant panda suitability areas, respectively. This study can be used to inform panda and panda habitat research, management and protection during post-quake reconstruction and recovery periods in China. © 2016, Science Press, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, CAS and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Earthquake; Environmental impact; Giant panda; Habitat suitability; Landslide
INDEX KEYWORDS: bear; earthquake mechanism; endangered species; environmental impact; habitat fragmentation; habitat quality; landslide; trigger mechanism; China; Sichuan; Wolong Nature Reserve
REFERENCES: Agresti, Alan, An Introduction to Categorical Data Analysis: Second Edition, pp. 1-356, (2006); 
Ayalew, Lulseged, The application of GIS-based logistic regression for landslide susceptibility mapping in the Kakuda-Yahiko Mountains, Central Japan, Geomorphology, 65, 1-2, pp. 15-31, (2005); 
Bearer, Scott L., Effects of fuelwood collection and timber harvesting on giant panda habitat use, Biological Conservation, 141, 2, pp. 385-393, (2008); 
Actuality and Protecting Policy of Biology Diversity in China Science Publishing Company of China, (1993); 
Cruden, David M., Landslide types and processes, Special Report - National Research Council, Transportation Research Board, 247, pp. 36-75, (1996); 
Modelling Landslide Dynamics in Forested Landscapes Addressing Landscape Evolution Landslidesoil Redistribution and Vegetation Patterns in the Waitakere Ranges West Auckland New Zealand, (2005); 
Claessens, Lieven, Contribution of topographically based landslide hazard modelling to the analysis of the spatial distribution and ecology of kauri (Agathis australis), Landscape Ecology, 21, 1, pp. 63-76, (2006); 
J Mount Sci, (2008); 
Cheng, Song, Wenchuan 512 earthquake and giant panda habitat in Wolong, China: A review of strong earthquake effects, Frontiers of Forestry in China, 4, 4, pp. 388-393, (2009); 
Cui, Peng, The Wenchuan Earthquake (May 12, 2008), Sichuan Province, China, and resulting geohazards, Natural Hazards, 56, 1, pp. 19-36, (2011)
PUBLISHER: Science Press shengtaixuebao@mail.rcees.ac.cn
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zhou, W., Tang, C., van Asch, T.W.J., Chang, M.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhou, Wei (55443778400); Tang, Chuan (35932953300); van Asch, Theodore W.J. (6701661708); Chang, Ming (36727157900)
55443778400; 35932953300; 6701661708; 36727157900
A rapid method to identify the potential of debris flow development induced by rainfall in the catchments of the Wenchuan earthquake area
(2016) Landslides, 13 (5), pp. 1243 - 1259, Cited 36 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s10346-015-0631-0
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84940538796&doi=10.1007%2Fs10346-015-0631-0&partnerID=40&md5=45386b8196831308f7616a5b14d03568

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Universiteit Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
ABSTRACT: In many mountainous areas, the limited space in the valley floors has created a need to construct temporary settlements in zones potentially exposed to debris flow hazards after a strong earthquake. Existing methods for the identification of debris flow catchments based on pre-earthquake catchment characteristics were not applicable. In the earthquake-affected zones, a rapid identification of catchments with a high hazard level for debris flows is then necessary, to provide information for future risk management. With the aim of assessing the potential of debris flow development in catchments in the Wenchuan earthquake area, a detailed analysis of the relationships between catchment morphology and the area of co-seismic rockfalls and rotational or translational landslides was carried out. This paper presents three empirical models to identify debris flow-prone catchments at a regional scale. One hundred and twenty-three catchments in the Wenchuan earthquake area were selected and investigated using high-resolution aerial photography to estimate the area of co-seismic rockfalls and rotational or translational landslides in the catchments. The statistical results show that debris flow-prone catchments have areas higher than 0.5 km2, relief ratios which vary between 36.4 and 119.2 %, mean slopes which range between 25° and 45°, and a catchment relief larger than 0.5 km. But the debris flow catchments are more closely related to the catchment area and catchment relief than the relief ratio and mean slope. So the catchment area and catchment relief were selected as the key factors to establish the applicable identification models. The threshold for co-seismic landslides was defined in terms of areas of co-seismic landslides (A<inf>L</inf>), catchment area (A), catchment relief (H), and catchment area–relief ratio (A/H). A<inf>L</inf>–A, A<inf>L</inf>–H, and A<inf>L</inf>–(A/H) threshold models were constructed for debris flow-prone catchments in the Wenchuan earthquake area using the empirical data set of debris flow catchments. The validation suggests that the proposed models are suitable for identification of potential debris flows in the Wenchuan earthquake area. The empirical models are very simple, and the data necessary for the input are easily measurable topographic parameters and co-seismic landslides in a catchment. The approach may be applied to identify the potential debris flow in other earthquake areas due to simplicity and the very low cost-benefit rate, when adapting the threshold parameters according to new local conditions. © 2015, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Potential debris flow; Statistical model; Thresholds; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Aerial photography; Cost effectiveness; Debris; Earthquakes; Geophysics; Hazards; Landslides; Risk management; Rock bursts; Runoff; Seismology; Space debris; Catchment characteristics; Debris flows; Rapid identification; Statistical modeling; Threshold parameters; Thresholds; Translational landslides; Wenchuan Earthquake; Catchments; catchment; coseismic process; debris flow; fluvial geomorphology; hazard assessment; identification method; induced response; rainfall; relief; rockfall; seismic zone; Sichuan earthquake 2008; statistical analysis; threshold; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Beguería, Santiago, Validation and evaluation of predictive models in hazard assessment and risk management, Natural Hazards, 37, 3, pp. 315-329, (2006); 
Bertrand, Mélanie, Debris-flow susceptibility of upland catchments, Natural Hazards, 67, 2, pp. 497-511, (2013); 
Bovis, Michael J., The role of debris supply conditions in predicting debris flow activity, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 24, 11, pp. 1039-1054, (1999); 
Chang, Chiwen, Estimation of sediment volume of debris flow caused by extreme rainfall in Taiwan, Engineering Geology, 123, 1-2, pp. 83-90, (2011); 
Chen, Jinnchyi, Variability of impact of earthquake on debris-flow triggering conditions: Case study of Chen-Yu-Lan watershed, Taiwan, Environmental Earth Sciences, 64, 7, pp. 1787-1794, (2011); 
Journal of Chinese Soil and Water Conservation Cswcs, (1993); 
Chen, Chienyuan, Morphometric analysis of debris flows and their source areas using GIS, Geomorphology, 129, 3-4, pp. 387-397, (2011); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2009); 
Chiang, Shouhao, Simulation of event-based landslides and debris flows at watershed level, Geomorphology, 138, 1, pp. 306-318, (2012); 
Cruden, David M., Landslide types and processes, Special Report - National Research Council, Transportation Research Board, 247, pp. 36-75, (1996)
PUBLISHER: Springer Verlag service@springer.de
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Liu, J., You, Y., Chen, X., Chen, X.-Z.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Liu, Jinfeng (59454532200); You, Yong (35811595800); Chen, Xiaoqing (55739112600); Chen, Xingzhang (25623240400)
59454532200; 35811595800; 55739112600; 25623240400
Mitigation planning based on the prediction of river blocking by a typical large-scale debris flow in the Wenchuan earthquake area
(2016) Landslides, 13 (5), pp. 1231 - 1242, Cited 29 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s10346-015-0615-0
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84938635466&doi=10.1007%2Fs10346-015-0615-0&partnerID=40&md5=a9876787e3f2b9a87c7dad4eac221c96

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; School of Environment and Resource, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Due to scale amplification resulting from the blocking-bursting process associated with landslide dams in debris flow catchments, many of large-scale debris flows that occurred as a result of the Wenchuan earthquake blocked the main rivers and resulted in catastrophic dam-breaking floods. To decrease the damage caused by dam-breaking floods, mitigation works should be applied in debris flow gullies. Currently, few studies focus on how to determine the key parameters concerning the scale of debris flows (i.e., peak discharge and total volume) that need to be controlled for mitigation planning considering downstream objects affected by the flow. The Xiaojia debris flow is described and analyzed as a typical large-scale case from the Yingxiu area. A back-calculation method and numerical simulation were proposed for mitigation planning in Xiaojia gully based on predictions of river blocking. First, the maximum peak flood discharge that did not endanger the town of Yingxiu was calculated. Then, the permissible blockage from a debris flow was determined based on the back-calculation of a dam-breaking flood. Finally, the scale of the largest permissible debris flow was obtained for use in mitigation plans based on numerical simulations. The calculations showed that the peak discharge of a flood that would not endanger Yingxiu should be <1496.48 m3/s. Accordingly, based on the 1/3 and 1/2 breach modes, the permissible blocking height of a debris flow barrier dam should not exceed 43.09 and 31.64 m, respectively. The total volume and peak discharge of a single debris flow event should be controlled to not exceed 70.59 × 104 m3 and 784.59 m3/s for the 1/3 breach mode and 45.21 × 104 m3 and 551.77 m3/s for the 1/2 breach mode. Based on these determinations of the key debris flow parameters, the simulation results indicate that debris flow damage can be decreased to an acceptable level to ensure the safety of Yingxiu downstream by the implementation of two check dams in the downstream channel and a deposition works on the debris fan. © 2015, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flow; Disaster characteristics; Mitigation planning; River-blocking prediction; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Catchments; Dams; Earthquakes; Floods; Forecasting; Geophysics; Landforms; Numerical methods; Numerical models; Rivers; Back calculation; Debris flows; Downstream channels; Mitigation planning; Mitigation plans; Peak discharge; Peak flood discharges; Wenchuan Earthquake; Debris; catastrophic event; dam; debris flow; disaster; disaster management; landslide; peak discharge; seismic zone; Sichuan earthquake 2008; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan; Yingxiu
REFERENCES: Chang, Dongsheng, Field testing of erodibility of two landslide dams triggered by the 12 May Wenchuan earthquake, Landslides, 8, 3, pp. 321-332, (2011); 
Chen, Hongxin, Mechanisms and runout characteristics of the rainfall-triggered debris flow in Xiaojiagou in Sichuan Province, China, Natural Hazards, 62, 3, pp. 1037-1057, (2012); 
Cui, Peng, The Wenchuan Earthquake (May 12, 2008), Sichuan Province, China, and resulting geohazards, Natural Hazards, 56, 1, pp. 19-36, (2011); 
Cui, Peng, Scale amplification of natural debris flows caused by cascading landslide dam failures, Geomorphology, 182, pp. 173-189, (2013); 
Cui, Peng, Risk assessment of highways affected by debris flows in Wenchuan earthquake area, Journal of Mountain Science, 10, 2, pp. 173-189, (2013); 
Du, Cui, Damming of large river by debris flow: Dynamic process and particle composition, Journal of Mountain Science, 11, 3, pp. 634-643, (2014); 
Huang, Runqiu, Analysis of the geo-hazards triggered by the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake, China, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 68, 3, pp. 363-371, (2009); 
Huang, Yu, Secondary geological hazard analysis in Beichuan after the Wenchuan earthquake and recommendations for reconstruction, Environmental Earth Sciences, 66, 4, pp. 1001-1009, (2012); 
Research on Debris Flow in China, (2004); 
Keeper, David K., Earthquake-induced landslides and their effects on alluvial fans, Journal of Sedimentary Research, 69, 1, pp. 84-104, (1999)
PUBLISHER: Springer Verlag service@springer.de
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Guo, X., Cui, P., Li, Y., Zhang, J., Ma, L., Mahoney, W.B.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Guo, Xiaojun (55636231600); Cui, Peng (56706923500); Li, Yong (56044366400); Zhang, Jianqiang (35212366900); Ma, Li (59115653400); Mahoney, William B. (56735896000)
55636231600; 56706923500; 56044366400; 35212366900; 59115653400; 56735896000
Spatial features of debris flows and their rainfall thresholds in the Wenchuan earthquake-affected area
(2016) Landslides, 13 (5), pp. 1215 - 1229, Cited 38 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s10346-015-0608-z
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84937938583&doi=10.1007%2Fs10346-015-0608-z&partnerID=40&md5=ce960343012f1d73a5b3d04e42619a74

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Asian Network on Debris Flow, Chengdu, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; Sichuan Meteorological Administration, Chengdu, China; International Erosion Control Association, Denver, CO, United States
ABSTRACT: The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake greatly altered the thresholds for rainfall-triggered debris flows within the affected area. Debris flows were widely and densely distributed, and they exhibited a range of differing local rainfall thresholds. This study looked at 518 debris flow events that occurred post-earthquake in order to analyze their spatial characteristics. The duration D (in h) and the average rainfall intensity I (in mm/h) that triggered the debris flows were determined for 252 of these events in order to analyze the spatial features of rainfall thresholds. Results show that 49 % of debris flows occurred in the highest-intensity seismic zone, 58 % occurred within 10 km of active faults, and 49 % occurred in areas with humid climate. Rainfall thresholds in these three regions were persistently lower than others. Moreover, debris flows were most frequent in watersheds smaller than 5 km2, and rainfall thresholds tended to decrease with a decrease in watershed size. Given the abundant loose materials available throughout the study area, 11 extreme debris flow-prone sub-regions were selected to illustrate the spatial features of rainfall thresholds in relation to local climate conditions. The lowest and highest I–D thresholds in the sub-regions examined were I = 5.94D−0.70 (2 < D < 53) and I = 21.4D−0.58 (3 < D < 50), respectively. The lowest and mean rainfall intensities needed to trigger debris flows were power-related with the local maximum 1- and 24-h rainfall. By normalizing the rainfall intensity (I) by mean annual precipitation (MAP), the I<inf>MAP</inf>–D thresholds were determined. Normalized results showed that the lowest and highest I<inf>MAP</inf>–D thresholds were I<inf>MAP</inf> = 0.0034D−0.55 (2 < D < 53) and I<inf>MAP</inf> = 0.0090D−0.40 (3 < D < 51), respectively. Such results are useful for debris flow forecasting based on empirical rainfall thresholds and have implications for hazard and risk assessment in this region. © 2015, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flow; I–D relationship; Rainfall; Spatial distribution; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Debris; Earthquakes; Faulting; Geophysics; Rain; Risk assessment; Spatial distribution; Spatial variables measurement; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Debris flows; Hazard and risk assessments; Mean annual precipitation; Rainfall intensity; Rainfall thresholds; Spatial characteristics; Wenchuan Earthquake; Precipitation (meteorology); active fault; climate conditions; debris flow; earthquake trigger; hazard assessment; precipitation (climatology); precipitation intensity; rainfall; risk assessment; seismic zone; spatial distribution; watershed; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Aleotti, Pietro, A warning system for rainfall-induced shallow failures, Engineering Geology, 73, 3-4, pp. 247-265, (2004); 
Brunetti, Maria Teresa, Rainfall thresholds for the possible occurrence of landslides in Italy, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 10, 3, pp. 447-458, (2010); 
Burchfiel, B. Clark, Tectonics of the Longmen Shan and Adjacent Regions, Central China, International Geology Review, 37, 8, pp. 661-735, (1995); 
Caine, Nel, The rainfall intensity-duration control of shallow landslides and debris flows., Geografiska Annaler, Series A: Physical Geography, 62, 1-2, pp. 23-27, (1980); 
Cannon, Susan H., Storm rainfall conditions for floods and debris flows from recently burned areas in southwestern Colorado and southern California, Geomorphology, 96, 3-4, pp. 250-269, (2008); 
Chen, Chienyuan, Rainfall duration and debris-flow initiated studies for real-time monitoring, Environmental Geology, 47, 5, pp. 715-724, (2005); 
Sci Geogr Sin, (2011); 
Cui, Peng, The Wenchuan Earthquake (May 12, 2008), Sichuan Province, China, and resulting geohazards, Natural Hazards, 56, 1, pp. 19-36, (2011); 
Cui, Peng, Risk assessment of simultaneous debris flows in mountain townships, Progress in Physical Geography, 37, 4, pp. 516-542, (2013); 
Dahal, Ranjan Kumar, Representative rainfall thresholds for landslides in the Nepal Himalaya, Geomorphology, 100, 3-4, pp. 429-443, (2008)
PUBLISHER: Springer Verlag service@springer.de
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Yang, Q.-W., Liu, S.-J., Hu, C.-H., Lin, Y.-B., Zhang, B., Luo, M.-L., Peng, H.-L.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Yang, Qingwei (16306008000); Liu, Shoujiang (25650208200); Hu, Cuihua (56083720500); Lin, Yebin (36480244000); Zhang, Bin (55605769056); Luo, Mingliang (35113352700); Peng, Hui Ling (57190948472)
16306008000; 25650208200; 56083720500; 36480244000; 55605769056; 35113352700; 57190948472
Ecological species groups and interspecific association of vegetation in natural recovery process at Xiejiadian landslide after 2008 Wenchuan earthquake
(2016) Journal of Mountain Science, 13 (9), pp. 1609 - 1620, Cited 17 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11629-016-3807-8
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84984655408&doi=10.1007%2Fs11629-016-3807-8&partnerID=40&md5=4b54131044a136acddf73a8048988805

AFFILIATIONS: National Inland Waterway Regulation Engineering Technology Research Center and School of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, Chongqing, China; Land and Resources College, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan, China; Ecological Security and Protection Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Mianyang Normal University, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Wenchuan earthquake on 12 May 2008 triggered numerous landslides, which disturbed vast areas of vegetation in northwest Sichuan. However, based on our primary field investigation at Xiejiadian landslide in July 2009, we found an obvious increase of the number of plant species and then we made a hypothesis that, after earthquake, vegetation at this landslide might recover by itself. In this paper, we conduct a newly field investigation at Xiejiadian landslide during November 2014 to verify this hypothesis. We investigated plant species composition at total 56 sites (trees 4, shrubs 16 and herbs 36, respectively), and calculated the Schluter’s variance ratio, important values, x2 test, association coefficient, Ochiai index, Pearson’s and Spearman’s correlation coefficients, and Ecological species groups. Species sharply increased to 84 species belonging to 66 genera and 54 families, forming a complete life form containing trees, shrubs, herbs, and ground layers while only herbs detected in 2009. Moreover, an overall positive and moderately related interspecies association was detected for most of species pairs. Of total 84 species, twenty five were identified as dominant species and could be divided into four positive ecological species groups. This study verified our proposed hypothesis of self-recovery of vegetation in landslide triggered by the earthquake, and found Alnus cremastogyne, Rhus chinensis, Litsea cubeba, Vitis piasezkii and Anemone vitifolia would play a constructive role during the continuing succession of vegetation at Xiejiadian landslide. © 2016, Science Press, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, CAS and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Ecological species group; Interspecific association; Vegetation recovery; Wenchuan earthquake; Xiejiadian landslide
INDEX KEYWORDS: interspecific interaction; landslide; plant community; Sichuan earthquake 2008; succession; vegetation dynamics; vegetation structure; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Adel, Mohammad Naghi, Ecological species group-Environmental factors relationships in unharvested beech forests in the north of Iran, Ecological Engineering, 69, pp. 1-7, (2014); 
Allen, Robert B., Immediate damage by an earthquake to a temperate montane forest, Ecology, 80, 2, pp. 708-714, (1999); 
Attiwill, Peter M., The disturbance of forest ecosystems: the ecological basis for conservative management, Forest Ecology and Management, 63, 2-3, pp. 247-300, (1994); 
Bergeron, Yves, Use of ecological groups in analysis and classification of plant communities in a section of western Quebec, Vegetatio, 56, 1, pp. 45-63, (1984); 
Castilla, Juan Carlos, Earthquake-caused coastal uplift and its effects on rocky intertidal kelp communities, Science, 242, 4877, pp. 440-443, (1988); 
Seminar on the 921 Earthquake Induced Hillslope Disasters for Policy Planning, (2000); 
Chigira, Masahiro, Landslides induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China, Geomorphology, 118, 3-4, pp. 225-238, (2010); 
Chou, Wen Chieh, Vegetation recovery patterns assessment at landslides caused by catastrophic earthquake: A case study in central Taiwan, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 152, 1-4, pp. 245-257, (2009); 
Chuang, Chinwei, Application of Markov-chain model for vegetation restoration assessment at landslide areas caused by a catastrophic earthquake in Central Taiwan, Ecological Modelling, 222, 3, pp. 835-845, (2011); 
Cochard, Roland, The 2004 tsunami in Aceh and Southern Thailand: A review on coastal ecosystems, wave hazards and vulnerability, Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics, 10, 1, pp. 3-40, (2008)
PUBLISHER: Science Press shengtaixuebao@mail.rcees.ac.cn
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Xu, X.-Q., Su, L.-J., Liu, C.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Xu, Xingqian (55838861500); Su, Lijun (7202509267); Liu, Chao (56939109400)
55838861500; 7202509267; 56939109400
The spatial distribution characteristics of shallow fissures of a landslide in the Wenchuan earthquake area
(2016) Journal of Mountain Science, 13 (9), pp. 1544 - 1557, Cited 9 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11629-015-3487-9
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84984614233&doi=10.1007%2Fs11629-015-3487-9&partnerID=40&md5=6e40d4ff50a44fc20a8a14a762b1254b

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; CAS Center for Excellence & Innovation in Tibetan Plateau Earth System Sciences, Shantou, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Shallow fissures, being the main infiltration paths of fluid on the surface of a slope, played an important role in the whole process of a landslide. However, the spatial distribution characteristics of fissures in the slope are difficult to be determined. In this study, we attempted to characterize the variation pattern of slope fissures along depth in the Wenchuan earthquake area in Sichuan Province by combining engineering geological investigation, geomorphologic analysis and geophysical investigation. The geophysical methods that were used in this study include Multichannel Analysis of Surface Wave (MASW), Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) and Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT). The results suggested that geophysical parameters (shear wave velocity, electromagnetic signals attenuation and resistivity) could provide valuable information for the spatial network of shallow fissures. Through the verification by engineering geological survey and geophysical sensitivity analysis, this work highlighted that MASW was the most appropriate technique to delineate the propagation of shallow fissures in a gravel soil slope. © 2016, Science Press, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, CAS and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Geophysical prospecting; Landslide; Shallow fissures; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: fissure; geological survey; geophysical method; geophysical survey; landslide; sensitivity analysis; Sichuan earthquake 2008; slope; spatial distribution
REFERENCES: Anbazhagan, Panjamani, Using a seismic survey to measure the shear modulus of clean and fouled ballast, Geomechanics and Geoengineering, 5, 2, pp. 117-126, (2010); 
Anbazhagan, Panjamani, Model track studies on fouled ballast using ground penetrating radar and multichannel analysis of surface wave, Journal of Applied Geophysics, 74, 4, pp. 175-184, (2011); 
Journal of Seismology and Earthquake Engineering, (2008); 
Bichler, A., Three-dimensional mapping of a landslide using a multi-geophysical approach: The Quesnel Forks landslide, Landslides, 1, 1, pp. 29-40, (2004); 
Bièvre, Grégory, Application of geophysical measurements for assessing the role of fissures in water infiltration within a clay landslide (Trièves area, French Alps), Hydrological Processes, 26, 14, pp. 2128-2142, (2012); 
Bruno, F., Test of high-resolution seismic reflection and other geophysical techniques on the boup lanslide in the Swiss Alps, Surveys in Geophysics, 21, 4, pp. 333-348, (2000); 
Bogoslovsky, V. A., Geophysical methods for the investigation of landslides, Geophysics, 42, 3, pp. 562-571, (1977); 
Cha, Minsu, Shear strength estimation of sandy soils using shear wave velocity, Geotechnical Testing Journal, 30, 6, pp. 484-495, (2007); 
Cui, Fangpeng, Discrete element analysis of collapsing and sliding response of slope triggered by time difference coupling effects of P and S seismic waves - Taking Tangjiashan landslide in beichuan county for example, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 29, 2, pp. 319-327, (2010); 
Davis, J. Les, GROUND‐PENETRATING RADAR FOR HIGH‐RESOLUTION MAPPING OF SOIL AND ROCK STRATIGRAPHY, Geophysical Prospecting, 37, 5, pp. 531-551, (1989)
PUBLISHER: Science Press shengtaixuebao@mail.rcees.ac.cn
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Yao, X., Li, L.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Yao, Xin (55723721600); Li, Lingjing (56185989500)
55723721600; 56185989500
Spatial-temporal assessment of debris flow risk in the MS8.0 Wenchuan earthquake-disturbed area
(2016) Journal of Disaster Research, 11 (4), pp. 720 - 731, Cited 5 times.
DOI: 10.20965/jdr.2016.p0720
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84981275177&doi=10.20965%2Fjdr.2016.p0720&partnerID=40&md5=84966c8c2cb8a72e868ddaa1328887fb

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: For 5 years (2009–2013) after the 2008 Ms8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, rainfall led to the transformation of unconsolidated co-seismic deposits into extensive and severe debris flows, causing significant loss of life and property. For debris flows in the earthquakedisturbed area, a few common concerns exist. What is their spatial-temporal distribution? What are the controlling factors? How much is the rainfall threshold for debris flows? What areas are more susceptible? Where suffered the most severe losses of life and property? Using debris flow characteristics, this study analyzes the relationships between seismic geological factors, geomorphologic factors, extreme rainfall, and debris flows in the 5 years following the earthquake, and draws the following conclusions. (1) There are regional differences in the rainfall threshold for generation of debris flows, and the annual maximum 72- hour accumulated rainfall for triggering a debris flow decreases from pre-seismic periods (135–325 mm) to post-seismic periods (75–160 mm) by 44.4–50.8% in study area. (2) Areas with high debris flow susceptibility and hazard are primarily controlled by seismic geological conditions. (3) The long-term risk of debris flows will fall to moderate, and the affected area will shrink to that around the seismogenic fault. The results of this study will help with meteorological early warning systems, deployment of disaster prevention and control projects, and reconstruction site selection in the post-seismic LongmenMountain area. © 2016, Fuji Technology Press. All rights reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flow; Earthquake-disturbed area; Geohazard assessment; Rainfall threshold; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Debris; Disaster prevention; Geology; Geophysics; Rain; Risk assessment; Seismology; Site selection; Debris flows; Debris-flow susceptibilities; Geo hazards; Geological conditions; Prevention and controls; Rainfall thresholds; Spatial-temporal distribution; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes
REFERENCES: Satofuka, Yoshifumi, Prediction of Floods Caused by Landslide Dam Collapse, Journal of Disaster Research, 5, 3, pp. 288-295, (2010); 
Tsuchiya, Satoshi, Large Sediment Movement Caused by the Catastrophic Ohya-Kuzure Landslide, Journal of Disaster Research, 5, 3, pp. 257-263, (2010); 
Inoue, Kimio, The Catastrophic Tombi Landslide and Accompanying Landslide Dams Induced by the 1858 Hietsu Earthquake, Journal of Disaster Research, 5, 3, pp. 245-256, (2010); 
Mizuyama, Takahisa, Sediment Induced Disasters in the World and 1999-Debris Flow Disasters in Venezuela, Journal of Disaster Research, 5, 3, pp. 229-235, (2010); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2010); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2011); 
Shou, Keh Jian, Spatial and temporal analysis of landslides in Central Taiwan after 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake, Engineering Geology, 123, 1-2, pp. 122-128, (2011); 
Sabo Against Earthquakes, (2000); 
Khattak, Ghazanfar Ali, Evolution of earthquake-triggered landslides in the Kashmir Himalaya, northern Pakistan, Geomorphology, 115, 1-2, pp. 102-108, (2010); 
Lin, Ching-Wee Weei, Impacts of the Chi-Chi earthquake on subsequent rainfall-induced landslides in central Taiwan, Engineering Geology, 86, 2-3, pp. 87-101, (2006)
PUBLISHER: Fuji Technology Press jaciii@fujipress.jp
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Yan, Z., Du, X., Fan, X.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Yan, Zhenzhen (55461573900); Du, Xiaoping (56506043800); Fan, Xiangtao (7403394160)
55461573900; 56506043800; 7403394160
Parallel numerical analysis of the failure characteristics of earthquake-induced landslides
(2016) Geosciences Journal, 20 (4), pp. 529 - 538, Cited 2 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s12303-015-0056-8
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84945566897&doi=10.1007%2Fs12303-015-0056-8&partnerID=40&md5=7500eafdc5162cfcfec11823092054e1

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Earthquake-induced landslides are serious natural hazards that shocked us with tremendous casualties and great economic losses in many mountainous areas around the world. However, predicting and preventing the earthquake-induced landslides is very difficult due to the complicated relationship between seismic dynamics and coseismic landsliding. Comprehensive understanding of earthquake-induced landslides from the perspective of seismic dynamic mechanism remains inadequate at present. This study employs an elastoplastic spectral element method incorporating parallel computing and represents a realistic three-dimensional slope model via a semi-structured hexahedral mesh to investigate the dynamic failure characteristics of earthquake-induced landslides. Dynamic behaviours of slopes are simulated using a continuumbased approach with a Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion. Displacement fields are calculated using the shear strength reduction technique. Pseudo-static seismic loading is performed to assess the slope stability quantitatively and complex topography is taken into consideration. The Xinzhong landslide that occurred in Beichuan Country is one of destructively collapsing landslides triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake and is therefore selected as a case study for discussion. Three-dimensional visualization of the calculated results quantitatively demonstrated that the three-dimensional numerical model well reproduced the coseismic landsliding response and its essential dynamic failure pattern, which could not be purely captured by Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) technologies and calculated using simply two-dimensional numerical model. The numerical results also showed that tensile and shear fractures had significant influences on the nature of the failed surface development. In addition, the presence of seismic loading in the slope could cause obvious disturbances for the slope stability. Comparative analysis indicated that the shear surface of the earthquake-induced slope was shorter and the tension crack surface was deeper than that of the normal gravity condition. Moreover, the landslide mainly occurred in the transition from the upper to lower part of the slope, indicating that the slope topography was one of the crucial factors resulting in slope failure. Although the model was constructed without the presence of a pre-existing failure surface, comparative analysis addressed that the failure surface obtained by the numerical simulation was in close agreement with that by the post-failure investigations. The results could provide insight into better understanding of the relationship between landslide and seismic dynamic mechanism. The study has practical significance for the effective prevention and mitigation of earthquake-induced landslide hazards. © 2016, The Association of Korean Geoscience Societies and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: earthquake-induced landslide; numerical simulation; parallel computing; slope stability; Wenchuan earthquake
REFERENCES: Chen, Min, Waveform modeling of the slab beneath Japan, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 112, 2, (2007); 
Crosta, Giovanni Battista, Numerical modelling of large landslides stability and runout, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 3, 6, pp. 523-538, (2003); 
Cui, Fangpeng, Collapsing and sliding response of slopes triggered by single and combined action with time difference of P and S seismic waves, Yantu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 32, 8, pp. 1266-1273, (2010); 
Gharti, Hom Nath, Application of an elastoplastic spectral-element method to 3D slope stability analysis, International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 91, 1, pp. 1-26, (2012); 
Gharti, Hom Nath, Simulation of multistage excavation based on a 3D spectral-element method, Computers and Structures, 100-101, pp. 54-69, (2012); 
Griffiths, D. V., Three-dimensional slope stability analysis by elasto-plastic finite elements, Geotechnique, 57, 6, pp. 537-546, (2007); 
Huang, Chiencheng, Influence of surface-normal ground acceleration on the initiation of the Jih-Feng-Erh-Shan landslide during the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, earthquake, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 91, 5, pp. 953-958, (2001); 
Earthquake Induced Landslides, (2025); 
Huang, Runqiu, Analysis of the geo-hazards triggered by the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake, China, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 68, 3, pp. 363-371, (2009); 
Neamah Jebur, Mustafa, Detection of vertical slope movement in highly vegetated tropical area of Gunung pass landslide, Malaysia, using L-band InSAR technique, Geosciences Journal, 18, 1, pp. 61-68, (2014)
PUBLISHER: Korean Association of Geoscience Societies
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Li, L., Yao, X., Zhang, Y., Iqbal, J., Chen, J., Zhou, N.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Li, Lingjing (56185989500); Yao, Xin (55723721600); Zhang, Yongshuang (55883678200); Iqbal, Javed (58836359600); Chen, Jian (55717623400); Zhou, Nengjuan (55656519700)
56185989500; 55723721600; 55883678200; 58836359600; 55717623400; 55656519700
Surface recovery of landslides triggered by 2008 Ms8.0 Wenchuan earthquake (China): a case study in a typical mountainous watershed
(2016) Landslides, 13 (4), pp. 787 - 794, Cited 32 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s10346-015-0594-1
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84933056080&doi=10.1007%2Fs10346-015-0594-1&partnerID=40&md5=f148c81143ab5e7333f3ca8df783ce5a

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Neotectonic Movement and Geohazard, MLR, Beijing, China; College of Engineering and Technology, School of Engineering and Technology, Beijing, China; Department of Earth Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
ABSTRACT: The Ms8.0 Wenchuan earthquake that occurred on 12 May 2008 in southwestern China and triggered numerous landslides is one of the stronger ones in the steep eastern margins of the Tibetan Plateau. The surfaces of these landslides have recovered gradually with vegetation, which provide useful information about the evolution of geologic environment as well as the long-term assessment of landslides after earthquake. The Mianyuanhe watershed shows many co-seismic landslides. The active fault passing through its center is selected as a study area aiming to analyze the annual surface recovery rate (SRR) of landslides by interpretation of remote-sensing images in five periods from 2008 to 2013. The results are here described. (1) Although a large amount of loose deposits were transformed into debris flows, the surfaces of the landslides recovered rapidly with vegetation and almost no landslides occurred at new sites after the Wenchuan earthquake. In the year 2008, the exposed surface projected area (ESPA) of the landslides showed a total area of 56.3 km2 and covered 28.9 % of the study area, which was reduced rapidly to 19.1 % in 2011 and 15.8 % in 2013. (2) The study area was divided into four geologic units, including clastic rocks, melange zone, carbonate rocks, and magmatic rocks. Smaller ESPAs and higher SRRs were found in the former two units versus the latter ones. (3) A single large landslide shows an SRR lower than a group of smaller ones having an equal total surface, while the SRRs of debris flows are lower than those of rockfalls and landslides. (4) The vegetation cover would return to the pre-earthquake level in 2020 approximately, which indicates that the impact of the Wenchuan earthquake on landslides and debris-flows activities would cease almost completely. © 2015, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Geo-hazards; Landslides; Longmenshan mountain; Vegetation recovery; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Debris; Faulting; Image reconstruction; Landslides; Recovery; Remote sensing; Rock bursts; Vegetation; Watersheds; Geo hazards; Geologic environment; Longmenshan mountain; Pre-earthquake levels; Remote sensing images; Seismic landslides; Vegetation recovery; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes; active fault; coseismic process; debris flow; earthquake magnitude; earthquake trigger; environmental assessment; geological hazard; image analysis; landslide; long-term change; mountain region; recovery plan; remote sensing; rockfall; Sichuan earthquake 2008; vegetation dynamics; watershed; China; Qinghai-Xizang Plateau
REFERENCES: Abrahamson, Norman A.Bolt, Effects of the hanging wall and footwall on ground motions recorded during the Northridge earthquake, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 86, 1 SUPPL. B, pp. S93-S99, (1996); 
He, Zhongtai, Width and hanging wall effect of surface rupture caused by Wenchuan earthquake, Beijing Daxue Xuebao (Ziran Kexue Ban)/Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis, 48, 6, pp. 886-894, (2012); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2011); 
Huang, Runqiu, Post-earthquake landsliding and long-term impacts in the Wenchuan earthquake area, China, Engineering Geology, 182, PB, pp. 111-120, (2014); 
Huete, Alfredo Ramon, A soil-adjusted vegetation index (SAVI), Remote Sensing of Environment, 25, 3, pp. 295-309, (1988); 
Keefer, David K., The importance of earthquake-induced landslides to long-term slope erosion and slope-failure hazards in seismically active regions, Geomorphology, 10, 1-4, pp. 265-284, (1994); 
Khattak, Ghazanfar Ali, Evolution of earthquake-triggered landslides in the Kashmir Himalaya, northern Pakistan, Geomorphology, 115, 1-2, pp. 102-108, (2010); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2011); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2014); 
Engineering Geology, (2012)
PUBLISHER: Springer Verlag service@springer.de
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Beyabanaki, S.A.R., Bagtzoglou, A.C., Liu, L.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Beyabanaki, S. Amir Reza (24167879800); Bagtzoglou, A. C. (7003300087); Liu, Lanbo (8557620700)
24167879800; 7003300087; 8557620700
Applying disk-based discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA) to simulate Donghekou landslide triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake
(2016) Geomechanics and Geoengineering, 11 (3), pp. 177 - 188, Cited 26 times.
DOI: 10.1080/17486025.2015.1082647
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84945208193&doi=10.1080%2F17486025.2015.1082647&partnerID=40&md5=f5f42c07192a348d98a5bbc3f40847f6

AFFILIATIONS: Gall Zeidler Consultants, Ashburn, VA, United States; Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
ABSTRACT: ABSTRACT: In this paper, for the first time, disk-based discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA) is applied to simulate a real landslide triggered by an earthquake. For this purpose, the kinematic behaviour of the Donghekou landslide triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake is simulated and the results obtained using disk-based DDA are compared with actual data. The comparisons show that there is a good agreement between the results obtained using disk-based DDA and observed data. The simulation results provided an understanding of the failure behaviour and temporal evolution of the landslide. This study shows that disk-based DDA is a practical numerical tool that can be used to simulate the post-failure behaviour of landslides triggered by an earthquake. © 2015 Taylor & Francis.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA); dynamic analysis; numerical method; slope stability
INDEX KEYWORDS: deformation; dynamic analysis; landslide; numerical method; Sichuan earthquake 2008; slope stability; trigger mechanism; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Ahn, Taeyoung, New contact-definition algorithm using inscribed spheres for 3D discontinuous deformation analysis, International Journal of Computational Methods, 8, 2, pp. 171-191, (2011); 
Bagi, Katalin, An algorithm to generate random dense arrangements for discrete element simulations of granular assemblies, Granular Matter, 7, 1, pp. 31-43, (2005); 
Bakun-Mazor, Dagan, Dynamic sliding of tetrahedral wedge: The role of interface friction, International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, 36, 3, pp. 327-343, (2012); 
Bakun-Mazor, Dagan, Thermally vs. seismically induced block displacements in Masada rock slopes, International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 61, pp. 196-211, (2013); 
Bao, Huirong, A new viscous boundary condition in the two-dimensional discontinuous deformation analysis method for wave propagation problems, Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 45, 5, pp. 919-928, (2012); 
Benabbou, Azeddine, Geometrical modeling of granular structures in two and three dimensions. Application to nanostructures, International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 80, 4, pp. 425-454, (2009); 
Beyabanaki, S. Amir Reza, Three-dimensional discontinuous deformation analysis (3-D DDA) method for particulate media applications, Geomechanics and Geoengineering, 7, 4, pp. 239-253, (2012); 
Beyabanaki, S. Amir Reza, Non-rigid disk-based DDA with a new contact model, Computers and Geotechnics, 49, pp. 25-35, (2013); 
Beyabanaki, S. Amir Reza, Accuracy of dynamic disk-based DDA with respect to a single sliding disk cluster, Geomechanics and Geoengineering, 9, 3, pp. 231-240, (2014); 
Beyabanaki, S. Amir Reza, Sphere-boundary edge and sphere-boundary corner contacts model in DDA for simulating particulate media in 3-D, Geomechanics and Geoengineering, 10, 2, pp. 83-94, (2015)
PUBLISHER: Taylor and Francis Ltd. michael.wagreich@univie.ac.at
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Li, T.-T., Huang, R., Pei, X.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Li, Tiantao (56637297500); Huang, Runqiu (55835407700); Pei, Xiangjun (14058672500)
56637297500; 55835407700; 14058672500
Variability in rainfall threshold for debris flow after Wenchuan earthquake in Gaochuan River watershed, Southwest China
(2016) Natural Hazards, 82 (3), pp. 1967 - 1980, Cited 17 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11069-016-2280-6
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84960085004&doi=10.1007%2Fs11069-016-2280-6&partnerID=40&md5=85915432060e648b7aafa0cf4403bb81

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: Wenchuan earthquake occurred 7 years ago, and more than 100 landslides and rock avalanches were triggered by the earthquake in Gaochuan river watershed, in Southwest China, including the Daguangbao landslide, which is the largest one triggered by Wenchuan earthquake, having a volume around 1.15 billion m3. The massive landslide deposits provided uncountable material source for debris flow in the study area, resulting in 25 debris flow events occurred in the past 6 years (2009–2014). The purpose of this paper is to analyze the variability in the rainfall threshold for debris flow after the earthquake in the study area. Results suggest that the critical rainfall threshold is closely related to the rainfall intensity (I) and the antecedent accumulated precipitation (P). There was a sudden drop of the rainfall threshold when the earthquake happened. During the 6 years, the rainfall threshold value kept increasing gradually in a linear trend. However, it is now still much lower than the original rainfall threshold prior to the earthquake. The threshold is expected to reach the original level around 2022 based on the analysis of existing data. Our study indicates that the increase of rainfall threshold is related to the decrease of sediments. And there are still lots of loose deposits in the gullies. Thus, the debris flow can still happen in a high possibility in the next few years. © 2016, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flow; Landslide; Loose deposit; Rainfall threshold; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: debris flow; gully; landslide; loess; rainfall; rock avalanche; Sichuan earthquake 2008; watershed; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Baum, Rex L., Early warning of rainfall-induced shallow landslides and debris flows in the USA, Landslides, 7, 3, pp. 259-272, (2010); 
Chen, Hongey, The impact of landslide and debris flows triggered by Typhoon Mindulle in Taiwan, Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology, 38, 3, pp. 301-304, (2005); 
Chen, Ningsheng, The critical rainfall characteristics for torrents and debris flows in the Wenchuan earthquake stricken area, Journal of Mountain Science, 6, 4, pp. 362-372, (2009); 
Chiou, Shianjin, Evaluating landslides and sediment yields induced by the chi-chi earthquake and followed heavy rainfalls along the ta-chia river, Journal of GeoEngineering, 2, 2, pp. 73-83, (2007); 
Science of Soil and Water Conservation, (2003); 
Water Resour Power, (2015); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2011); 
Huang, Runqiu, Analysis of the geo-hazards triggered by the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake, China, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 68, 3, pp. 363-371, (2009); 
Huang, Runqiu, Post-earthquake landsliding and long-term impacts in the Wenchuan earthquake area, China, Engineering Geology, 182, PB, pp. 111-120, (2014); 
Jibson, Randall W., Debris flows in southern Puerto Rico, Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, 236, pp. 29-55, (1989)
PUBLISHER: Springer Netherlands
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Luo, S., Tong, L., Chen, Y., Tan, L.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Luo, Shiyu (56200560300); Tong, Ling (35785297000); Chen, Yan (55845912800); Tan, Longfei (57214398402)
56200560300; 35785297000; 55845912800; 57214398402
Landslides identification based on polarimetric decomposition techniques using Radarsat-2 polarimetric images
(2016) International Journal of Remote Sensing, 37 (12), pp. 2831 - 2843, Cited 16 times.
DOI: 10.1080/01431161.2015.1041620
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84929000615&doi=10.1080%2F01431161.2015.1041620&partnerID=40&md5=518e1b85c4c8babba65a8e17ff725b99

AFFILIATIONS: School of Automatic Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: In this article, a method for landslides identification based on polarimetric decomposition techniques and the Wishart classifier is presented. Several parameters of Cloude decomposition and Freeman–Durden decomposition are introduced to analyse the radar scattering mechanisms over landslides and their surroundings. By analysing the polarimetric characteristics of three typical landslides triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, the result demonstrates that the dominant scattering mechanism of the landslides is the surface scattering component, and the scattering entropy is centred between 0.6 and 0.8. Besides, the result also indicates that the surroundings show the dominance of the volume scattering component, whereas their scattering entropy is almost similar to the landslides. According to the experimental analysis, two temporal SAR images are classified into nine categories, respectively, based on polarimetric decomposition techniques and the Wishart classifier. By comparing the surface scattering areas in the second image with the volume scattering areas in the first image, and combining the scattering entropy, the new slope failures are obtained using the change detection method. In addition, in order to reduce the errors introduced by the registration and noises, the identification map of new landslides is processed by the morphology algorithm. Finally, a field experiment is carried out to verify the existence of the new slope failures and thereby the result shows the validity of the proposed method. © 2015 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
INDEX KEYWORDS: Earthquakes; Entropy; Landslides; Plasma interactions; Polarimeters; Radar imaging; Synthetic aperture radar; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Experimental analysis; Morphology algorithms; Polarimetric decomposition technique; Polarimetric image; Scattering entropy; Scattering mechanisms; Typical landslide; Surface scattering; algorithm; decomposition analysis; identification method; image classification; landslide; model validation; RADARSAT; satellite imagery; scattering; Sichuan earthquake 2008; slope failure; synthetic aperture radar; trigger mechanism; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Atwood, Donald K., Improving PolSAR land cover classification with radiometric correction of the coherency matrix, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, 5, 3, pp. 848-856, (2012); 
Bernhard, Eva Maria, Rapid mapping of forest fires in the European mediterranean region - A change detection approach using X-band SAR-Data, Photogrammetrie, Fernerkundung, Geoinformation, 2011, 4, pp. 261-270, (2011); 
Cloude, Shane Robert, A review of target decomposition theorems in radar polarimetry, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 34, 2, pp. 498-518, (1996); 
Cloude, Shane Robert, An entropy based classification scheme for land applications of polarimetric SAR, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 35, 1, pp. 68-78, (1997); 
Journal of Geophysical Research, (2003); 
Ferro-Famil, Laurent, Unsupervised classification of multifrequency and fully polarimetric SAR images based on the H/A/Alpha-Wishart classifier, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 39, 11, pp. 2332-2342, (2001); 
Freeman, Anthony, A three-component scattering model for polarimetric SAR data, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 36, 3, pp. 963-973, (1998); 
Luo, Huanmin, Unsupervised classification of forest from polarimetric interferometric SAR data using fuzzy clustering, pp. 201-206, (2010); 
Kuplich, T. M., Polarimetric signatures and classification of tropical land covers, International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), 5, pp. 118-121, (2009); 
Lee, Jongsen, Evaluation and bias removal of multilook effect on entropy/alpha/anisotropy in polarimetric SAR decomposition, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 46, 10, pp. 3039-3052, (2008)
PUBLISHER: Taylor and Francis Ltd. michael.wagreich@univie.ac.at
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Gan, F., He, B., Wang, T.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Gan, Fengling (57189759811); He, Binghui (7402047749); Wang, Tao (57189757569)
57189759811; 7402047749; 57189757569
Sediment characteristic of landslide accumulation body in earthquake zone of Wenchuan under artificial rainfall simulation condition
(2016) Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 32 (12), pp. 158 - 164, Cited 3 times.
DOI: 10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.12.023
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84975134161&doi=10.11975%2Fj.issn.1002-6819.2016.12.023&partnerID=40&md5=d148ab4d5e5f56fbc6978d6e30b15928

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Central Southern China Electric Power Design Institute limited liability company of China Power Engineering Consulting Group, Wuhan, China
ABSTRACT: Scientific management of soil and water loss on landslide deposits is meaningful and important in Wenchuan earthquake area. This study aimed to investigate the sediment characteristics of landslide accumulation body in earthquake zone of Wenchuan under artificial rainfall simulation condition. On the basis of field surveying, the soil-rock ratio was designed as 1:1, 1:2 and 1:4. The rainfall intensities of 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mm/min simulated the precipitation often occurring in Wenchuan landslide deposit. Under the combination of different rainfall intensity and soil-rock ratio, the sediment yield and sediment concentration in runoff were measured. The results showed that: 1) the soil-rock ratio and rainfall intensity were the influence factors of the sediment yield and the sediment concentration of landslide deposit. The correlation between mean sediment yield rate and soil-rock ratio was higher than that with rain intensities. Runoff was not found in the treatment of soil-rock ratio of 1:4 under all the conditions and in the soil-rock ratio of 1:2 under the rain intensity of 1.0 mm/min. It indicated that a critical value might be between the soil-rock ratio of 1:2 and 1:4. Above the critical value, rainfall infiltration was large and runoff could not be yielded; 2) The sediment rate presented a upward-to-stable trend during the erosion. The mean sediment yield rate, the values under the stable condition, and cumulative sediment amount increased with increasing rainfall intensity. The fluctuation of soil-rock ratio 1:1 was higher than that with soil-rock ratio of 1:2. The latter change was more stable; 3) Sediment in runoff increased with increasing soil-rock ratios and also with increasing rainfall intensity; and 4) Cumulative sediment amount increased with cumulative runoff but the sediment yield happed after the runoff. The sediment characteristic of landslide deposit with different soil-rock ratio under different rainfall intensity in earthquake zone was quite different. In the landslide deposit, gravels accounted for more than 50%. The sediment yield characteristic of the landslide deposit was different from that of the pure soils. With prolonged precipitation, the soil runoff happened first. After a while, the sediment yield rate became smaller. The sediment yield depended on the soil-rock ratio. If the ratio was above the critical value, runoff didn't occur. The result may lay the foundation for the establishment of process-based model of soil erosion caused by landslide accumulation body in earthquake zone, and provide a scientific guidance for comprehensive control of soil and water loss in the Wenchuan earthquake zone, China. © 2016, Editorial Department of the Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. All right reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Artificial rainfall; Deposits; Landslides; Runoff; Sediments; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Deposits; Earthquakes; Erosion; Geophysics; Infiltration; Landslides; Precipitation (meteorology); Rain; Rocks; Runoff; Sedimentation; Sediments; Soil conservation; Soils; Artificial rainfall; Artificial rainfall simulations; Comprehensive controls; Process-based modeling; Rainfall infiltration; Sediment characteristic; Sediment concentration; Wenchuan Earthquake; Soil pollution
REFERENCES: Koi, Takashi, Prolonged impact of earthquake-induced landslides on sediment yield in a mountain watershed: The Tanzawa region, Japan, Geomorphology, 101, 4, pp. 692-702, (2008); 
Poesen, Jean W.A., Surface sealing as influenced by slope angle and position of simulated stones in the top layer of loose sediments, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 11, 1, pp. 1-10, (1986); 
Wang, Xuesong, Hydrodynamic characteristics of tapered spoilbank under simulated rainfall condition, Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 31, 1, pp. 117-124, (2015); 
Chang, Dongsheng, Simulation of the erosion process of landslide dams due to overtopping considering variations in soil erodibility along depth, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 10, 4, pp. 933-946, (2010); 
undefined, (2013); 
Zhu, Yuanjun, Processes of rainfall infiltration and sediment yield in soils containing different rock fragment contents, Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 22, 2, pp. 64-67, (2006); 
J Glaciol, (1979); 
Eisbacher, Gerhard H., CLIFF COLLAPSE AND ROCK AVALANCHES (STURZSTROMS) IN THE MACKENZIE MOUNTAINS, NORTHWESTERN CANADA., Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 16, 2, pp. 309-334, (1979); 
Journal of Soil Erosion and Soil and Water Conservation, (1998); 
Foster, EROSION EQUATION DERIVED FROM BASIC EROSION PRINCIPLES., Transactions - American Society of Agricultural Engineers: General Edition, 20, 4, pp. 678-682, (1977)
PUBLISHER: Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering transcsae@agri.gov.cn
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Guo, H., Yao, L., Zhang, W., Guo, C.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Guo, Haiqiang (56540412500); Yao, Lingkan (7201688064); Zhang, Wuwei (57190438572); Guo, Chenwen (55755754300)
56540412500; 7201688064; 57190438572; 55755754300
Effect of behavioral characteristics of sandpile model in time of the change of driving mechanism
(2016) Yingyong Jichu yu Gongcheng Kexue Xuebao/Journal of Basic Science and Engineering, 24 (3), pp. 608 - 617, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.16058/j.issn.1005-0930.2016.03.017
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84979964933&doi=10.16058%2Fj.issn.1005-0930.2016.03.017&partnerID=40&md5=f7589db4f845d8a4b769cdb11864ff9a

AFFILIATIONS: School of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory of High-speed Railway Engineering Ministry of Education, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Sichuan Key Laboratory of Seismic Engineering and Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: The slowly drive mechanism is one of the essential conditions of self-organized criticality (SOC) system, but it is rarely to study what the behavioral characteristics of the system present in time of the change of driving mechanism. To solve this problem, the fast driven were carried out by rotating floor sandpile model experimentation. By fast tilting the sandpile floor, sandpile is from less critical angle to the critical angle. The result shows when the sandpile angle is near the critical angle, avalanche obeys power-law distribution. With sandpile angle gradually deviates from the critical angle, the statistics of avalanche varies from lognormal distribution to normal distribution, and does not obeys SOC features. The prototypical problem of Wenchuan earthquake inducing the landslide in hanging wall of seismic fault is a reflection of driven mechanism changing in nature (uplift speed and landslides speed have not huge time scale separation). The statistical relationship of the landslide's area of Wenchuan earthquake within 1. 5km of hanging wall and footwall shows the hanging wall disaster obeys lognormal distribution, but the footwall disaster does not. Hereby, the landslides in the hanging wall of fault triggered by Wenchuan earthquake obey lognormal distribution, and this phenomenon may have a universal significance. © 2016, The Editorial Board of Journal of Basic Science and Engineering. All right reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Driven mechanism; Earthquake; Landslide; Sandpile model test; Self-organized criticality (SOC)
INDEX KEYWORDS: Codes (symbols); Criticality (nuclear fission); Disasters; Faulting; Floors; Geophysics; Landslides; Normal distribution; Sand; Behavioral characteristics; Log-normal distribution; Power law distribution; Sand-pile models; Self-organized criticality; Statistical relationship; Time scale separation; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes
REFERENCES: Bak, Per, Self-organized criticality, Scientific American, 264, 1, pp. 46-53, (1991); 
Self Organized Criticality, (1998); 
Study on Self Organized Criticality Fractal and Theory of Disasters, (2008); 
Yao, Lingkan, The self-organized criticality of landslids triggered by earthquake, Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 42, 5, pp. 33-43, (2010); 
Yao, Lingkan, Self-organized criticality and its application in granular mixtures, Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 35, 1, (2003); 
Huang, Yidan, Distribution law of landslides triggered by earthquake from VII to IX seismic intensity zone, Yingyong Jichu yu Gongcheng Kexue Xuebao/Journal of Basic Science and Engineering, 23, 1, pp. 92-102, (2015); 
Held, Glenn A., Experimental study of critical-mass fluctuations in an evolving sandpile, Physical Review Letters, 65, 9, pp. 1120-1123, (1990); 
Frette, Vidar, Avalanche dynamics in a pile of rice, Nature, 379, 6560, pp. 49-52, (1996); 
Évesque, Pierre, Pile density is a control parameter of sand avalanches, Physical Review E, 47, 4, pp. 2326-2332, (1993); 
Morales-Gamboa, E., Two-dimensional avalanches as stochastic Markov processes, Physical Review E, 47, 4, pp. R2229-R2232, (1993)
PUBLISHER: Editorial Board of Journal of Basic Science and
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Gan, F., He, B., Wang, T.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Gan, Fengling (57189759811); He, Binghui (7402047749); Wang, Tao (57189757569)
57189759811; 7402047749; 57189757569
Study on the characteristics of rainfall infiltration runoff using artificial simulation experiment in Wenchuan Earthquake Area
(2016) Shuili Xuebao/Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 47 (6), pp. 780 - 788, Cited 4 times.
DOI: 10.13243/j.cnki.slxb.20150927
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84979502824&doi=10.13243%2Fj.cnki.slxb.20150927&partnerID=40&md5=cfc9ae57f170605c31d8c1a94f89e32a

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Central Southern China Electric Power Design Institute limited liability company of China Power Engineering Consulting Group, Wuhan, China
ABSTRACT: The Wenchuan earthquake led to a lot of landslide deposits, which triggered mountain collapse and secondary geological disasters under the condition of rain washing out. In this article, the landslide deposit was chosen as the research object in the Wenchuan Earthquake area, and the slope runoff and infiltration principle of the landslide deposit was researched by using indoor artificial rainfall simulation method under the conditions of different rainfall intensities and earth rock ratios. The results show that: (1) There was no runoff under the conditions of the earth-rock ratio of 1∶4 and the earth-rock ratio of 1∶2 at the rainfall intensity of 1.0 mm/min, the runoff time of deposit decreased with the increasing rainfall intensity, but the runoff rate was opposite and the average flow rate of earth-rock ratio of 1∶1 was greater than that of 1∶2. (2) The infiltration showed significantly different laws under the three kinds of earth-rock deposit and rainfall intensity, and the Horton model was the most suitable model to describe the infiltration on Wenchuan Earthquake landslide deposit. (3) The cumulative runoff of earth-rock ratio of 1∶1 was greater than that of 1∶2 under the conditions of 1.5mm/min rainfall intensity while the cumulative runoff of earth-rock ratio of 1∶1 was equal to the earth-rock ratio of 1∶2 under the conditions of 2.0mm/min rainfall intensity. This study provides strong experimental basis for managing the Wenchuan earthquake landslide deposit. © 2016, China Water Power Press. All right reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Artificial rainfall; Landslide deposit; Runoff; Wenchuan earthquake area
INDEX KEYWORDS: Agricultural runoff; Deposits; Earthquakes; Geophysics; Landslides; Rain; Rocks; Artificial rainfall; Artificial rainfall simulations; Artificial simulation; Geological disaster; Landslide deposits; Rainfall intensity; Rainfall-infiltration-runoff; Wenchuan Earthquake; Runoff
REFERENCES: Poesen, Jean W.A., Patterns of rock fragment cover generated by tillage erosion, Geomorphology, 18, 3-4, pp. 183-197, (1997); 
Poesen, Jean W.A., Surface sealing as influenced by slope angle and position of simulated stones in the top layer of loose sediments, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 11, 1, pp. 1-10, (1986)
PUBLISHER: China Water Power Press
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Li, T., He, B., Chen, Z., Zhang, Y., Liang, C., Wang, R.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Li, Tianyang (57217075889); He, Binghui (7402047749); Chen, Zhanpeng (55541285100); Zhang, Yi (56375332700); Liang, Chuan (9940840700); Wang, Renxin (57213139088)
57217075889; 7402047749; 55541285100; 56375332700; 9940840700; 57213139088
Effects of gravel on infiltration, runoff, and sediment yield in landslide deposit slope in Wenchuan earthquake area, China
(2016) Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 23 (12), pp. 12075 - 12084, Cited 19 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6394-x
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84960436642&doi=10.1007%2Fs11356-016-6394-x&partnerID=40&md5=9f007d1d42054b8d037390637f0efdfd

AFFILIATIONS: College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; College of Water Resources and Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; School of Geography, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Amounts of landslide deposits were triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake with magnitude 8.0 on May 12, 2008. The landslide deposits were composed of soil and rock fragments, which play important roles in hydrological and erosion processes in the steep slope of landslide deposits. The mixtures of soil and gravels are common in the top layers of landslide deposits, and its processes are obviously different with the soil without gravels. Based on the data of field investigation, a series of simulated scouring flow experiments with four proportion of gravel (0, 25, 33.3, and 50 %) and three scouring flow rates (4, 8, 12 L/min) under two steep slopes (67.5, 72.7 %) were conducted sequentially to know the effects of proportion of gravel on infiltration capacity, runoff generation, and sediment production in the steep slope of landslide deposit. Results indicated that gravel had promoted or reduced effects on infiltration capacity which could affect further the cumulative runoff volume and cumulative sediment mass increase or decrease. The cumulative infiltration volume in 25 % proportion of gravel was less than those in 0, 33.3, and 50 % proportion of gravel. The cumulative runoff volume was in an order of 25 > 0 > 33.3 > 50 % while cumulative sediment mass ranked as 25 > 33.3 > 0 > 50 % with different proportions of gravel. A significant power relationship was found between scouring time and cumulative runoff volume as well as cumulative sediment mass. The relationship between average soil and water loss rate and proportion of gravel was able to express by quadratic function, with a high degree of reliability. The results have important implications for soil and water conservation and modeling in landslide deposit but also provide useful information for the similar conditions. © 2016, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Infiltration capacity; Landslide deposit; Proportion of gravel; Runoff; Scouring flow; Sediment yield; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: deposition; earthquake event; earthquake magnitude; earthquake trigger; gravel; infiltration; rock; runoff; scour; sediment yield; seismic zone; slope failure; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan; soil; earthquake; hydrology; landslide; sediment; Earthquakes; Geologic Sediments; Hydrology; Landslides; Soil
CHEMICALS/CAS: Soil
REFERENCES: Abrahams, Athol D., Hydraulics of interrill overland flow on stone-covered desert surfaces, Catena, 23, 1-2, pp. 111-140, (1994); 
Auzet, Anne Véronique, Concentrated flow erosion in cultivated catchments: Influence of soil surface state, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 20, 8, pp. 759-767, (1995); 
Brakensiek, Donald L., Soil containing rock fragments: effects on infiltration, Catena, 23, 1-2, pp. 99-110, (1994); 
Cerdà, A., Effects of rock fragment cover on soil infiltration, interrill runoff and erosion, European Journal of Soil Science, 52, 1, pp. 59-68, (2001); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2009); 
Chen, Zhanpeng, Measuring and calculation methods for landslide volume with 3-D laser scanner in Wenchuan earthquake area, Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 29, 8, pp. 135-144, (2013); 
Figueiredo, Tomás De, Effects of surface rock fragment characteristics on interrill runoff and erosion of a silty loam soil, Soil and Tillage Research, 46, 1-2, pp. 81-95, (1998); 
Ding, Hairong, Increased sediment discharge driven by heavy rainfall after Wenchuan earthquake: A case study in the upper reaches of the Min River, Sichuan, China, Quaternary International, 333, pp. 122-129, (2014); 
Soil Science Society of America Journal, (1966); 
Groenevelt, Pieter H., Modifications in evaporation parameters by rock mulches, Soil Technology, 2, 3, pp. 279-285, (1989)
PUBLISHER: Springer Verlag service@springer.de
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Shen, L., Xu, C., Liu, L.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Shen, Lingling (56032649500); Xu, Chong (35184309900); Liu, Lianyou (7405254909)
56032649500; 35184309900; 7405254909
Interaction among controlling factors for landslides triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan, China Mw 7.9 earthquake
(2016) Frontiers of Earth Science, 10 (2), pp. 264 - 273, Cited 18 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11707-015-0517-4
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84938534276&doi=10.1007%2Fs11707-015-0517-4&partnerID=40&md5=80a8336da2666eeb283e18fb618b26a7

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disaster, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: The 12 May 2008 Mw 7.9 Wenchuan, China earthquake triggered about 200,000 landslides, which were controlled by a number of factors. This study examines five factors: slope angle, slope aspect, lithology, peak ground acceleration (PGA), and fault side (relative position on the seismogenic fault, i.e., hanging wall or footwall), to determine how these factors control the co-seismic landslide occurrence and whether one or more factors, acting alone or in concert, are involved in promoting or suppressing landslides. We performed a multi-factor statistical analysis using data from the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. The results show that in the areas characterized by steep topography or where strong ground shaking occurred during the earthquake, there is a closer relationship between slope aspect and landslide number density (LND) than other areas. The relationship between lithology and LND values depends on PGA. In turn, the relationship between LND values and PGA is also influenced by lithology. In addition, the controlling effect of lithology on co-seismic landslides on the hanging wall of the seismogenic fault is greater than that on the footwall. Examining interactions among these factors can improve understanding of the mechanisms of co-seismic landslide occurrence. © 2015, Higher Education Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: co-seismic landslides; interaction among controlling factors; statistical analysis; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: coseismic process; earthquake damage; earthquake magnitude; earthquake trigger; landslide; Sichuan earthquake 2008; topography
REFERENCES: Abdrakhmatov, Kanatbek E., Probabilistic PGA and Arias Intensity maps of Kyrgyzstan (Central Asia), Journal of Seismology, 7, 2, pp. 203-220, (2003); 
Arias A, MEASURE OF EARTHQUAKE INTENSITY, pp. 438-483, (1969); 
Tien Bui, D., Spatial prediction of landslide hazards in Hoa Binh province (Vietnam): A comparative assessment of the efficacy of evidential belief functions and fuzzy logic models, Catena, 96, pp. 28-40, (2012); 
Carro, Monica, The application of predictive modeling techniques to landslides induced by earthquakes: The case study of the 26 September 1997 Umbria-Mache earthquake (Italy), Engineering Geology, 69, 1-2, pp. 139-159, (2003); 
Chousianitis, Konstantinos G., Predictive model of Arias intensity and Newmark displacement for regional scale evaluation of earthquake-induced landslide hazard in Greece, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 65, pp. 11-29, (2014); 
Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011); 
Mansouri Daneshvar, Mohammad Reza, Landslide hazard zonation assessment using GIS analysis at Golmakan Watershed, northeast of Iran, Frontiers of Earth Science, 5, 1, pp. 70-81, (2011); 
Görüm, Tolga, Distribution pattern of earthquake-induced landslides triggered by the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Geomorphology, 133, 3-4, pp. 152-167, (2011); 
Görüm, Tolga, Complex rupture mechanism and topography control symmetry of mass-wasting pattern, 2010 Haiti earthquake, Geomorphology, 184, pp. 127-138, (2013); 
Guo, Deping, Qualitative and quantitative analysis on landslide influential factors during Wenchuan earthquake: A case study in Wenchuan County, Engineering Geology, 152, 1, pp. 202-209, (2013)
PUBLISHER: Higher Education Press Limited Company
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Piao, Y.C., Guan, Y.N., Zhang, C.Y., Guo, S., Yan, B.P.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Piao, Yingchao (54788361000); Guan, Yanning (8894940100); Zhang, Chunyan (56691947000); Guo, Shan (7403650547); Yan, Baoping (8675419400)
54788361000; 8894940100; 56691947000; 7403650547; 8675419400
Analysis of temporal and spatial changes in vegetation cover using wavelet transform method in Wolong Natural Reserve
(2016) Shengtai Xuebao, 36 (9), pp. 2656 - 2668, Cited 4 times.
DOI: 10.5846/stxb201407241504
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84971408362&doi=10.5846%2Fstxb201407241504&partnerID=40&md5=23ef59fe2933cc6d698412c98b77a55a

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; Computer Network Information Center Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: On May 12, 2008, the Wenchuan earthquake struck the Sichuan province, triggering strong continuous aftershocks in its surrounding regions, which led to secondary geological disasters, such as landslides, collapses, and mudslides, in more than 120 regions in Wolong National Natural Reserve. This bioreserve consists of broad-leaved deciduous forests, deciduous coniferous mixed forest, and coniferous forests, and is considered an important habitat of giant pandas in China. The population of pandas in this area accounts for approximately 10% of the total number of pandas in the entire country. However, vegetation in this bioreserve was adversely affected by the 2008 earthquake. With the development of earth observation techniques over the last decade, long-term observations of natural vegetation have detected large-scale land-cover changes. Among the various long-term satellite data, MODIS data have significant potential in detecting vegetation changes from regional to global scale because of their high temporal resolution. In this research, we proposed a method based on wavelet transform to extract information regarding vegetation changes using normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) time series data in Wolong National Natural Reserve. In particular, MODIS 16-daily products recorded from 2003 to 2012 with 500-m resolution were selected for investigation, and the effects of the earthquake and secondary geological disasters on vegetation in Wolong National Natural Reserve were quantified. We obtained numerous relevant findings. (1) The proportion of the areas where the NDVI greatly decreased after the earthquake is significantly larger than before. Moreover, by using the trend-seasonal model and breakpoint detection method from the time series data, we discovered that the NDVI curves fluctuated more obviously after the earthquake. (2) By performing a seasonal analysis on the extreme values of NDVI time series, we determined that the increased extreme values mostly occurred in summer because the vegetation cover during this season was the highest and also the most unstable one in a year. The second most important season was autumn. Compared with the increased values, the decreased NDVI extreme values often emerged in summer and spring. The results specified that the area with decreased NDVI data was the third highest when the Wenchuan earthquake transpired. Nonetheless, the statistical results obtained from comparing the inter-annual difference were biased because of the identified moderate cloud effect on NDVI data in 2007 and 2012. (3) The Wenchuan earthquake that occurred on May 12, 2008 was an intra-continental shallow-focus earthquake, which extensively affected the environment and areas surrounding Sichuan province. In this research, the data were also analyzed at land elevations where giant pandas are most comfortable in (2600-2800 m) to quantify the influence of the earthquake and secondary geological disasters on the habitat of the giant pandas. Accordingly, we realized that the extent of decreased NDVI extreme values remarkably exceeded the instances of increased NDVI. Vegetation recovery in Wolong National Natural Reserve did not achieve an expected level. Based on the above findings, the method introduced in this paper can be used to detect significant changes in long-time NDVI data; however, it cannot identify whether the causative factor is a disastrous natural phenomenon (e.g., earthquake, fire, etc.) or a human activity (e.g., deforestation, urbanization, etc.). In future, we intend to apply our method in a wider scope when data-intensive calculation technique is required. © 2016, Ecological Society of China. All rights reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Time series analysis; Vegetation change; Wavelet transform; Wenchuan earthquake; Wolong National Natural Reserve
INDEX KEYWORDS: aftershock; bear; detection method; human activity; MODIS; NDVI; satellite data; Sichuan earthquake 2008; spatiotemporal analysis; time series analysis; vegetation cover; wavelet analysis; China; Sichuan; Wolong Nature Reserve; Ailuropoda melanoleuca
REFERENCES: Anyamba, Assaf, Interannual variability of ndvi over africa and its relation to el niño/southern oscillation, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 17, 13, pp. 2533-2548, (1996); 
Justice, Christopher Owen, Analysis of the phenology of global vegetation using meteorological satellite data, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 6, 8, pp. 1271-1318, (1985); 
Sakamoto, Toshihiro, A crop phenology detection method using time-series MODIS data, Remote Sensing of Environment, 96, 3-4, pp. 366-374, (2005); 
Verbesselt, Jan, Phenological change detection while accounting for abrupt and gradual trends in satellite image time series, Remote Sensing of Environment, 114, 12, pp. 2970-2980, (2010); 
Hall-Beyer, Mryka Christine, Comparison of Single-Year and Multiyear NDVI Time Series Principal Components in Cold Temperate Biomes, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 41, 11 PART I, pp. 2568-2574, (2003); 
Li, Zuotao, Interannual variability of vegetation in the United States and its relation to El Niño/Southern Oscillation, Remote Sensing of Environment, 71, 3, pp. 239-247, (2000); 
Sarkar, Sudipta, Interannual variability of vegetation over the Indian sub-continent and its relation to the different meteorological parameters, Remote Sensing of Environment, 90, 2, pp. 268-280, (2004); 
Azzali, Susanna, Mapping vegetation-soil-climate complexes in southern Africa using temporal Fourier analysis of NOAA-AVHRR NDVI data, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 21, 5, pp. 973-996, (2000); 
Lim, Chai K., Frequency analysis of natural vegetation distribution using NDVI/AVHRR data from 1981 to 2000 for North America: Correlations with SOI, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 23, 17, pp. 3347-3383, (2002); 
Lunetta, Ross S., Land-cover change detection using multi-temporal MODIS NDVI data, Remote Sensing of Environment, 105, 2, pp. 142-154, (2006)
PUBLISHER: Ecological Society of China
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Jiang, Q., Chan, D., Xiong, J., Cui, Y.-F., Dong, J., Li, S.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Jiang, Quan (35327127100); Chan, Dava (57020655000); Xiong, Jun (41961803400); Cui, Yifei (57193514784); Dong, Jianhua (57020383600); Li, Shaojun (7409245680)
35327127100; 57020655000; 41961803400; 57193514784; 57020383600; 7409245680
Back analysis of a debris landslide based on a real-time video recording: sliding process and post-slide investigation
(2016) Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 75 (2), pp. 647 - 658, Cited 9 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s10064-015-0831-9
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84951727635&doi=10.1007%2Fs10064-015-0831-9&partnerID=40&md5=e96cb56b641f716239cce4b1d7775c22

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
ABSTRACT: A real-time video recording of the 2008 landslide in Nanmu, China is analyzed to reveal information regarding the format, velocity, post-failure characteristics and destructiveness of the slide. This recording indicates that the failure proceeded in three stages. Back analysis has found that colluvial deposits (residual slope deposits and cemented colluvial deposits) in a weakly cemented form were the internal factor that contributed to the failure, and that damage resulting from the Wenchuan earthquake in 2008 and focused rainstorms were the external contributing factors. A field investigation showed that the destructiveness of the slide involved integral pushing damage to the base of man-made structures and damage to buildings from the impact of rolling gravel. In the 5 years following the Nanmu landslide, the local landscape has evolved further with sporadic individual rock falls or local collapses along the sliding bed and boundary. Corresponding prevention practices for the secondary disasters have demonstrated that the combined measures, including the removal of accumulated gravel, installation of a passive prevention net on the sliding bed, construction of an underground diversion culvert and a retaining wall, have been extremely effective and economical during the past 5 years. © 2015, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris landslide; Failure mechanism; Sliding destructiveness; Sliding process; Video analysis
INDEX KEYWORDS: Debris; Deposits; Disaster prevention; Earthquakes; Gravel; Rock bursts; Storms; Video recording; Debris landslide; Failure mechanism; Sliding destructiveness; Sliding process; Video analysis; Landslides; back analysis; colluvial deposit; debris flow; failure mechanism; gravel; landslide; sliding
REFERENCES: Armaş, Iuliana, Diagnosis of landslide risk for individual buildings: Insights from Prahova Subcarpathians, Romania, Environmental Earth Sciences, 71, 11, pp. 4637-4646, (2014); 
Atzeni, Carlo, Early Warning Monitoring of Natural and Engineered Slopes with Ground-Based Synthetic-Aperture Radar, Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 48, 1, pp. 235-246, (2015); 
Rock Mech Rock Eng, (2013); 
Barla, Giovanni B., Slope stabilization in difficult conditions: The case study of a debris slide in NW Italian Alps, Landslides, 10, 3, pp. 343-355, (2013); 
Clerici, Aldo, Landslide failure and runout susceptibility in the upper T. Ceno valley (Northern Apennines, Italy), Natural Hazards, 52, 1, pp. 1-29, (2010); 
Eberhardt, Erick, Twenty-ninth Canadian Geotechnical Colloquium: The role of advanced numerical methods and geotechnical field measurements in understanding complex deep-seated rock slope failure mechanisms, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 45, 4, pp. 484-510, (2008); 
Rivista Italiana Di Geotecnica, (1998); 
Pp 352, (2006); 
Feng, Xiating, Estimating mechanical rock mass parameters relating to the Three Gorges Project permanent shiplock using an intelligent displacement back analysis method, International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 37, 7, pp. 1039-1054, (2000); 
Foster, Claire, The national landslide database of Great Britain: Development, evolution and applications, Environmental Earth Sciences, 66, 3, pp. 941-953, (2012)
PUBLISHER: Springer Verlag service@springer.de
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Hu, X., Han, M., Liang, J., Wang, Y., Hong, M.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Hu, Xiewen (7404709509); Han, Mei (56621900500); Liang, Jingxuan (55832404600); Wang, Yan (57221506558); Hong, Meiling (57190216808)
7404709509; 56621900500; 55832404600; 57221506558; 57190216808
Some key problems on debris flow in Wenchuan earthquake area
(2016) Xinan Jiaotong Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University, 51 (2), pp. 331 - 340, Cited 8 times.
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.2016.02.012
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84978374809&doi=10.3969%2Fj.issn.0258-2724.2016.02.012&partnerID=40&md5=13cb3f9a08dde9f549a8615698c51b19

AFFILIATIONS: Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; State-province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Spatial Information Technology for High-speed Railway Safety, China; School of Mathematics, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Abstract: After the Wenchuan earthquake on May 12, 2008, some initial treatments, such as silt dams and drainage ditches which were built in debris flow gullies in the earthquake area for debris control, showed a poor performance and went into a failure condition because of the underestimated launch quantity of loose material resource, the insufficient design capacity of the silt dams, and the small cross sections of drainage grooves. To deal with these problems, the formation characteristics and outbreak regularities of debris flow in the earthquake area were analyzed, and a systematic summary of experience was obtained from the lesson of insufficient understanding of the continuous, massive, and group-occurring of the debris flow. There are some significant differences between the earthquake debris flow and general debris flow in the starting mechanism, block and break, lasting time and break-out quantity of loose materials, and so on. Through the engineering practices in exploration, design and management of two giant debris flow in 2010 and 2013, some experiences are summarized as follows: (1) reasonably determine the blocking collapse coefficient and the discharge of debris flow; (2) put forward effective treatment plans according to different types of debris flows and the preserved objects; for example, effectively combine the block, slope reinforcement, drainage ditches and silting field; (3) reasonably distribute the effective height and number of silt dams; and, (4) choose reasonable structure types for dams, such as entity dam, crack dam and comb dam. The above experience has been successfully applied and verified effective in the investigation, design and management projects of large debris flows in Wenjiagou gully in Qingping town of Mianzhu County, Hongchungou gully, Qipangou gully and Taoguangou gully in Wenchuan County, and Lenmugou gully in Baoxing County. © 2016, Editorial Department of Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University. All right reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Blocking collapse coefficient; Debris flow; Earthquake regions; Management
INDEX KEYWORDS: Abstracting; Dams; Design; Drainage; Earthquakes; Geophysics; Landforms; Management; Silt; Collapse coefficient; Debris flows; Engineering practices; Failure conditions; Formation characteristics; Management projects; Slope reinforcement; Wenchuan Earthquake; Debris
REFERENCES: Hu, Xiewen, Developmental features and evaluation of blocking dangers of Dashui Ditch debris flow in Tangjiashan dammed lake, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 28, 4, pp. 850-858, (2009); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2010); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2009); 
Tang, Chuan, Rainfall-triggered debris flows following the Wenchuan earthquake, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 68, 2, pp. 187-194, (2009); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2009); 
Huang, Runqiu, The landslide story, Nature Geoscience, 6, 5, pp. 325-326, (2013); 
Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control, (2013); 
Engineering Geology, (2012); 
Cui, Peng, Characteristics and countermeasures of debris flow in Wenchuan area after the earthquake, Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 42, 5, pp. 10-19, (2010); 
Hu, Xiewen, Hazard mechanism analysis of Taoguan giant debris flow in Wenchuan Earthquake area on July 10th, 2013, Xinan Jiaotong Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University, 50, 2, pp. 286-293, (2015)
PUBLISHER: Science Press shengtaixuebao@mail.rcees.ac.cn
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Li, G., West, A.J., Densmore, A.L., Hammond, D.E., Jin, Z., Zhang, F., Wang, J., Hilton, R.G.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Li, Gen (56127683700); West, Alison Joshua (26538380300); Densmore, Alexander Logan (7004510678); Hammond, Douglas E. (7202006685); Jin, Zhangdong (7403625767); Zhang, Fei (55195292000); Wang, Jin (58465079600); Hilton, Robert G. (24385259400)
56127683700; 26538380300; 7004510678; 7202006685; 7403625767; 55195292000; 58465079600; 24385259400
Connectivity of earthquake-triggered landslides with the fluvial network: Implications for landslide sediment transport after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake
(2016) Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 121 (4), pp. 703 - 724, Cited 119 times.
DOI: 10.1002/2015JF003718
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84966425199&doi=10.1002%2F2015JF003718&partnerID=40&md5=7fd60b5290b1532764a3c49f3ac2280d

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Earth Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Risk and Resilience and Department of Geography, Durham University, Durham, County Durham, United Kingdom; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
ABSTRACT: Evaluating the influence of earthquakes on erosion, landscape evolution, and sediment-related hazards requires understanding fluvial transport of material liberated in earthquake-triggered landslides. The location of landslides relative to river channels is expected to play an important role in postearthquake sediment dynamics. In this study, we assess the position of landslides triggered by the M<inf>w</inf> 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake, aiming to understand the relationship between landslides and the fluvial network of the steep Longmen Shan mountain range. Combining a landslide inventory map and geomorphic analysis, we quantify landslide-channel connectivity in terms of the number of landslides, landslide area, and landslide volume estimated from scaling relationships. We observe a strong spatial variability in landslide-channel connectivity, with volumetric connectivity (ξ) ranging from ~20% to ~90% for different catchments. This variability is linked to topographic effects that set local channel densities, seismic effects (including seismogenic faulting) that regulate landslide size, and substrate effects that may influence both channelization and landslide size. Altogether, we estimate that the volume of landslides connected to channels comprises 43 + 9/-7% of the total coseismic landslide volume. Following the Wenchuan earthquake, fine-grained (<~0.25 mm) suspended sediment yield across the Longmen Shan catchments is positively correlated to catchment-wide landslide density, but this correlation is statistically indistinguishable whether or not connectivity is considered. The weaker-than-expected influence of connectivity on suspended sediment yield may be related to mobilization of fine-grained landslide material that resides in hillslope domains, i.e., not directly connected to river channels. In contrast, transport of the coarser fraction (which makes up >90% of the total landslide volume) may be more significantly affected by landslide locations. ©2016. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: erosion; hillslope-channel coupling; landslide; sediment transport; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: connectivity; earthquake trigger; erosion; fluvial deposit; landslide; river channel; sediment transport; Sichuan earthquake 2008; topographic effect; China; Longmen Mountains
REFERENCES: Allen, Robert B., Immediate damage by an earthquake to a temperate montane forest, Ecology, 80, 2, pp. 708-714, (1999); 
Attal, Mikaël, Changes of bedload characteristics along the Marsyandi River (central Nepal): Implications for understanding hillslope sediment supply, sediment load evolution along fluvial networks, and denudation in active orogenic belts, Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, 398, pp. 143-171, (2006); 
Barlow, John, Seismically-induced mass movements and volumetric fluxes resulting from the 2010 Mw=7.2 earthquake in the Sierra Cucapah, Mexico, Geomorphology, 230, pp. 138-145, (2015); 
Bellugi, Dino G., A spectral clustering search algorithm for predicting shallow landslide size and location, Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 120, 2, pp. 300-324, (2015); 
Brardinoni, Francesco, Glacial erosion, evolution of river long profiles, and the organization of process domains in mountain drainage basins of coastal British Columbia, Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 111, 1, (2006); 
Burchfiel, B. Clark, Tectonics of the Longmen Shan and Adjacent Regions, Central China, International Geology Review, 37, 8, pp. 661-735, (1995); 
Burchfiel, B. Clark, A geological and geophysical context for the Wenchuan earthquake of 12 May 2008, Sichuan, People's Republic of China, GSA Today, 18, 7, pp. 4-11, (2008); 
Chen, Hongey, Effects of topography, lithology, rainfall and earthquake on landslide and sediment discharge in mountain catchments of southeastern Taiwan, Geomorphology, 133, 3-4, pp. 132-142, (2011); 
Chen, Qiang, Quantification of mass wasting volume associated with the giant landside Daguangbao induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake from persistent scatterer InSAR, Remote Sensing of Environment, 152, pp. 125-135, (2014); 
China Geological Base Map and Instructions 1 2 500 000, (2004)
PUBLISHER: Blackwell Publishing Ltd customerservices@oxonblackwellpublishing.com
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Li, Y., Tang, C., Han, Z., Huang, J., Xu, L., He, Y., Chen, G.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Li, Yange (55339639500); Tang, Chuan (35932953300); Han, Zheng (55556913000); Huang, Jianling (50061249400); Xu, Linrong (7404745385); He, Yi (59863016700); Chen, Guangqi (55577206900)
55339639500; 35932953300; 55556913000; 50061249400; 7404745385; 59863016700; 55577206900
Estimating the mud depth of debris flow in a natural river channel: a theoretical approach and its engineering application
(2016) Environmental Earth Sciences, 75 (8), art. no. 722, Cited 6 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s12665-016-5480-1
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84963783506&doi=10.1007%2Fs12665-016-5480-1&partnerID=40&md5=d30451bddbc02827d9a5ce5540a7aa39

AFFILIATIONS: School of Civil Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Japan; Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Japan
ABSTRACT: Mud depth of debris flow is an essential parameter for assessing the hazard magnitude in an event. However, direct prediction of mud depth in a natural river channel is a scientific challenge because current methods often treat the complex relief of bed surface as a rectangular one, which makes the prediction illogical. In this paper, we propose a new theoretical approach, the so-called numerical integral method-based approach for estimating the maximum mud depth of debris flow at a complex cross-section in a natural river channel. Given a predefined peak discharge of the debris-flow event, the numerical integral method-based iteration algorithm uses the Riemann method to search for an approximate mud depth. In contrast to the previous methods, the presented approach addresses an important issue, namely it takes into account the complex shape of the bed surface and superelevation at the bend for natural channels. Two cases are used to illustrate the performance and advantages of the presented approach: one is a well-documented event in the previous study, and the other is a debris-flow event after Ms. 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake. An engineering application regarding the rational design of a debris-flow canal is subsequently discussed. The canal was completely destroyed in a debris flow event in 2008. We used the proposed method to back-analyze the mud depth and velocity in the canal. It was found that the abrupt decrease of mud depth from the natural channel to the concrete canal significantly reduced the transportation capability, thereby causing blockage in the canal. The canal was modified and reconstructed in 2009 with suggested improvements from the proposed method, and successfully transported subsequent debris flow in 2011. © 2016, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Complex topography; Debris flow; Mitigation work; Mud depth; The numerical integral method
INDEX KEYWORDS: Algorithms; Debris; Earthquakes; Hydraulic structures; Iterative methods; Rivers; Complex topographies; Debris flows; Mitigation work; Mud depth; Numerical integral; Numerical methods; algorithm; canal; debris flow; earthquake engineering; estimation method; magnitude; numerical method; peak discharge; river channel; Sichuan earthquake 2008; topography; velocity; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Abancó, Clàudia, Estimate of the debris-flow entrainment using field and topographical data, Natural Hazards, 71, 1, pp. 363-383, (2014); 
Beguería, Santiago, A GIS-based numerical model for simulating the kinematics of mud and debris flows over complex terrain, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 9, 6, pp. 1897-1909, (2009); 
Berti, Matteo, Field observations of a debris flow event in the Dolomites, Geomorphology, 29, 3-4, pp. 265-274, (1999); 
Blijenberg, Harry M., Application of physical modelling of debris flow triggering to field conditions: Limitations posed by boundary conditions, Engineering Geology, 91, 1, pp. 25-33, (2007); 
Bovis, Michael J., The role of debris supply conditions in predicting debris flow activity, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 24, 11, pp. 1039-1054, (1999); 
Breien, Hedda, Erosion and morphology of a debris flow caused by a glacial lake outburst flood, Western Norway, Landslides, 5, 3, pp. 271-280, (2008); 
Chen, Jinnchyi, Discharge of landslide-induced debris flows: Case studies of Typhoon Morakot in southern Taiwan, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 14, 7, pp. 1719-1730, (2014); 
Chen, N. Sh, A rational method for estimating maximum discharge of a landslide-induced debris flow: A case study from southwestern China, Geomorphology, 84, 1-2, pp. 44-58, (2007); 
Christen, Marc, RAMMS: Numerical simulation of dense snow avalanches in three-dimensional terrain, Cold Regions Science and Technology, 63, 1-2, pp. 1-14, (2010); 
Crosta, Giovanni Battista, Numerical modeling of 2-D granular step collapse on erodible and nonerodible surface, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 114, 3, (2009)
PUBLISHER: Springer Verlag service@springer.de
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Yu, M., Huang, Y., Xu, Q., Guo, P., Dai, Z.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Yu, Miao (59662930600); Huang, Yu (57204857931); Xu, Qiang (56506033600); Guo, Peng (59583765600); Dai, Zili (54398313300)
59662930600; 57204857931; 56506033600; 59583765600; 54398313300
Application of virtual earth in 3D terrain modeling to visual analysis of large-scale geological disasters in mountainous areas
(2016) Environmental Earth Sciences, 75 (7), art. no. 563, Cited 35 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s12665-015-5161-5
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84961763058&doi=10.1007%2Fs12665-015-5161-5&partnerID=40&md5=402177d766d58dc647426bf0c026dc18

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Geotechnical Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Engineering, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: Sudden large-scale geological disasters can be triggered in mountainous areas by events such as earthquakes, rainfall, volcanic eruptions, or human activity, leading to serious loss of life and property. Generating digital elevation model (DEM) for such geological disasters allows the rapid identification of affected areas, which is essential for emergency response and hazard mitigation. The main aim of this study is to propose a low-cost and efficient method based on virtual earth to generate a three-dimensional (3D) DEM. Based on the terrain model, numerical simulations can be conducted and the results integrated with virtual earth to perform 3D visualization and visual analysis. The method proposed in this study may solve some limitations existing in other more traditional methods. For example, historical topographic maps exist mostly in paper format, which is not conducive to spatial analysis, while interpretation of remote-sensing images generally requires professional knowledge at a high cost. The emergence of the virtual earth platform of Google Earth (GE) provides new possibilities for generating terrain models. Terrain information can be extracted efficiently and freely from GE using an application programming interface (API) and then used to generate DEM. In this paper, the Donghekou landslide-debris flow triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake was selected as a case study. 3D visualization of the temporal-spatial dynamic process of a natural disaster was carried out by combination of the numerical results and GE imaging. The comparison of the study case with field survey data proves the validity of the proposed method as it describes the real terrain shape and determines the slide distance accurately, although the elevation error may be large. The free and easy-to-use method proposed here can provide an intuitive basis for hazard assessment and rapid responses to geological disasters. © 2016, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: 3D terrain modeling; Google Earth; Hazard assessment; Sudden large-scale geological disaster; Virtual earth; Visual analysis
INDEX KEYWORDS: Application programming interfaces (API); Cost benefit analysis; Disasters; Earthquakes; Geology; Geophysics; Hazards; Image reconstruction; Landforms; Maps; Remote sensing; Surveying; Visualization; Volcanoes; 3D terrain model; Geological disaster; Google earths; Hazard Assessment; Virtual earths; Visual analysis; Three dimensional computer graphics; digital elevation model; field survey; geological hazard; hazard assessment; Internet; mountain region; remote sensing; Sichuan earthquake 2008; software; terrain; three-dimensional modeling; visual analysis; visualization; China; Donghekou; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Ayonghe, Samuel Ndonwi, The June 27, 2001 landslide on volcanic cones in Limbe, Mount Cameroon, West Africa, Journal of African Earth Sciences, 39, 3-5, pp. 435-439, (2004); 
Bailey, John E., The role of Virtual Globes in geoscience, Computers and Geosciences, 37, 1, pp. 1-2, (2011); 
Blenkinsop, Thomas G., Visualizing structural geology: From Excel to Google Earth, Computers and Geosciences, 45, pp. 52-56, (2012); 
Bradley, Eliza S., Google Earth and Google Fusion Tables in support of time-critical collaboration: Mapping the deepwater horizon oil spill with the AVIRIS airborne spectrometer, Earth Science Informatics, 4, 4, pp. 169-179, (2011); 
Costanzo, Dario, Exporting a Google Earth™ aided earth-flow susceptibility model: A test in central Sicily, Natural Hazards, 61, 1, pp. 103-114, (2012); 
Dai, Zili, 3D numerical modeling using smoothed particle hydrodynamics of flow-like landslide propagation triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Engineering Geology, 180, pp. 21-33, (2014); 
Evans, Stephen G., Landslides triggered by the 1949 Khait earthquake, Tajikistan, and associated loss of life, Engineering Geology, 109, 3-4, pp. 195-212, (2009); 
Hodge, Rebecca A., Analysing laser-scanned digital terrain models of gravel bed surfaces: Linking morphology to sediment transport processes and hydraulics, Sedimentology, 56, 7, pp. 2024-2043, (2009); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2008); 
Huang, Yu, Run-out analysis of flow-like landslides triggered by the Ms 8.0 2008 Wenchuan earthquake using smoothed particle hydrodynamics, Landslides, 9, 2, pp. 275-283, (2012)
PUBLISHER: Springer Verlag service@springer.de
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Rao, E., Xiao, Y., Ouyang, Z., Zheng, H.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Rao, Enming (55613680200); Xiao, Yi (36461966400); Ouyang, Zhiyun (7006468812); Zheng, Hua (8253975000)
55613680200; 36461966400; 7006468812; 8253975000
Changes in ecosystem service of soil conservation between 2000 and 2010 and its driving factors in southwestern China
(2016) Chinese Geographical Science, 26 (2), pp. 165 - 173, Cited 44 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11769-015-0759-9
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84961146025&doi=10.1007%2Fs11769-015-0759-9&partnerID=40&md5=dec253f4ac881f67ddc3bf899634bda5

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Human activities significantly alter ecosystems and their services; however, quantifying the impact of human activities on ecosystems has been a great challenge in ecosystem management. We used the Universal Soil Loss Equation and county-level socioeconomic data to assess the changes in the ecosystem service of soil conservation between 2000 and 2010, and to analyze its spatial characteristics and driving factors in the southwestern China. The results showed that cropland in the southwestern China decreased by 3.74%, while urban land, forest, and grassland areas increased by 46.78%, 0.86%, and 1.12%, respectively. The soil conservation increased by 1.88 × 1011 kg, with deterioration only in some local areas. The improved and the degraded areas accounted for 6.41% and 2.44% of the total land area, respectively. Implementation of the Sloping Land Conversion Program and urbanization explained 57.80% and 23.90% of the variation in the soil conservation change, respectively, and were found to be the main factors enhancing soil conservation. The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake was one of the factors that led to the degradation of soil conservation. Furthermore, industrial adjustment, by increasing shares of Industry and Service and reducing those of Agriculture, has also promoted soil conservation. Our results quantitatively showed and emphasized the contributions to soil conservation improvement made by implementing ecological restoration programs and promoting urbanization. Consequently, these results provide basic information to improve our understanding of the effects of ecological restoration programs, and help guide future sustainable urban development and regional industrial restructuring. © 2016, Science Press, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agricultural Ecology, CAS and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: ecological restoration; ecosystem service; Sloping Land Conversion Program (SLCP); soil conservation; southwestern China; urbanization
INDEX KEYWORDS: anthropogenic effect; ecosystem management; ecosystem service; habitat restoration; soil conservation; sustainable development; urban development; urbanization; China
REFERENCES: Nonpoint Source Pollution and Erosion Comparison Tool N Spect Technical Guide, (2004); 
Chazdon, Robin L., Beyond deforestation: Restoring forests and ecosystem services on degraded lands, Science, 320, 5882, pp. 1458-1460, (2008); 
Urban Ecosystems, (2004); 
Feng, Xiaoming, Modeling soil erosion and its response to land-use change in hilly catchments of the Chinese Loess Plateau, Geomorphology, 118, 3-4, pp. 239-248, (2010); 
Fu, Bojie, Assessing the soil erosion control service of ecosystems change in the Loess Plateau of China, Ecological Complexity, 8, 4, pp. 284-293, (2011); 
Grau, Héctor Ricardo, Are rural-urban migration and sustainable development compatible in mountain systems?, Mountain Research and Development, 27, 2, pp. 119-123, (2007); 
Grimm, Nancy B., The changing landscape: Ecosystem responses to urbanization and pollution across climatic and societal gradients, Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 6, 5, pp. 264-272, (2008); 
Study on Land Use Changes and Its Ecological Effects in Mountainous Areas at Chinas Southwest Border Driven by the Project of Converting Farmland to Forest A Case Study in Luxi City Yunnan Province, (2010); 
Jiang, Gaoming, Potential for restoration of degraded steppe in the Xilingol biosphere reserve through urbanization, Environmental Conservation, 30, 3, pp. 304-310, (2003); 
Jiang, Zhongcheng, Rocky desertification in Southwest China: Impacts, causes, and restoration, Earth-Science Reviews, 132, pp. 1-12, (2014)
PUBLISHER: Science Press shengtaixuebao@mail.rcees.ac.cn
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wang, Y., Song, C., Lin, Q., Li, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wang, Ying (57112777300); Song, Chongzhen (57111211100); Lin, Qigen (57111276500); Li, Juan (54793134900)
57112777300; 57111211100; 57111276500; 54793134900
Occurrence probability assessment of earthquake-triggered landslides with Newmark displacement values and logistic regression: The Wenchuan earthquake, China
(2016) Geomorphology, 258, pp. 108 - 119, Cited 68 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2016.01.004
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84957863426&doi=10.1016%2Fj.geomorph.2016.01.004&partnerID=40&md5=9d3cff2d8c44ef4c5f7275bddde6a1b0

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disaster, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; Academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: The Newmark displacement model has been used to predict earthquake-triggered landslides. Logistic regression (LR) is also a common landslide hazard assessment method. We combined the Newmark displacement model and LR and applied them to Wenchuan County and Beichuan County in China, which were affected by the M<inf>s.</inf> 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake on May 12th, 2008, to develop a mechanism-based landslide occurrence probability model and improve the predictive accuracy. A total of 1904 landslide sites in Wenchuan County and 3800 random non-landslide sites were selected as the training dataset. We applied the Newmark model and obtained the distribution of permanent displacement (D<inf>n</inf>) for a 30 × 30 m grid. Four factors (D<inf>n</inf>, topographic relief, and distances to drainages and roads) were used as independent variables for LR. Then, a combined model was obtained, with an AUC (area under the curve) value of 0.797 for Wenchuan County. A total of 617 landslide sites and non-landslide sites in Beichuan County were used as a validation dataset with AUC = 0.753. The proposed method may also be applied to earthquake-induced landslides in other regions. © 2016 Elsevier B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: China; Logistic regression; Newmark displacement; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: displacement; landslide; logistics; numerical model; probability; regression analysis; Sichuan earthquake 2008; topographic effect; trigger mechanism; Beichuan; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Ayalew, Lulseged, The application of GIS-based logistic regression for landslide susceptibility mapping in the Kakuda-Yahiko Mountains, Central Japan, Geomorphology, 65, 1-2, pp. 15-31, (2005); 
Bai, Shibiao, Susceptibility assessments of the Wenchuan earthquake-triggered landslides in Longnan using logistic regression, Environmental Earth Sciences, 71, 2, pp. 731-743, (2014); 
Chauhan, Shivani, Landslide susceptibility zonation of the Chamoli region, Garhwal Himalayas, using logistic regression model, Landslides, 7, 4, pp. 411-423, (2010); 
Coal Geol China, (2011); 
Dahal, Ranjan Kumar, Predictive modelling of rainfall-induced landslide hazard in the Lesser Himalaya of Nepal based on weights-of-evidence, Geomorphology, 102, 3-4, pp. 496-510, (2008); 
Dai, Fuchu, Landslide characteristics and slope instability modeling using GIS, Lantau Island, Hong Kong, Geomorphology, 42, 3-4, pp. 213-228, (2002); 
Densmore, Alexander Logan, Active tectonics of the Beichuan and Pengguan faults at the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, Tectonics, 26, 4, (2007); 
Devkota, Krishna Chandra, Landslide susceptibility mapping using certainty factor, index of entropy and logistic regression models in GIS and their comparison at Mugling-Narayanghat road section in Nepal Himalaya, Natural Hazards, 65, 1, pp. 135-165, (2013); 
van den Eeckhaut, Miet, Statistical modelling of Europe-wide landslide susceptibility using limited landslide inventory data, Landslides, 9, 3, pp. 357-369, (2012); 
García-Rodríguez, M. J., Susceptibility assessment of earthquake-triggered landslides in El Salvador using logistic regression, Geomorphology, 95, 3-4, pp. 172-191, (2008)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Chen, H.X., Zhang, S., Peng, M., Zhang, L.M.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Chen, Hongxin (55089538300); Zhang, Shuai (55092670700); Peng, Ming (37108434300); Zhang, Limin Min (58883008100)
55089538300; 55092670700; 37108434300; 58883008100
A physically-based multi-hazard risk assessment platform for regional rainfall-induced slope failures and debris flows
(2016) Engineering Geology, 203, pp. 15 - 29, Cited 66 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2015.12.009
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84959100897&doi=10.1016%2Fj.enggeo.2015.12.009&partnerID=40&md5=d20e0014acb12abc1e014c71c4568a9a

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Geotechnical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Engineering, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
ABSTRACT: Rainfall-induced slope failures and debris flows are two major hazards in mountainous areas. A physically-based multi-hazard risk assessment platform for regional rainfall-induced slope failures and debris flows has been developed in this study. The platform enables prompt assessment of risks posed by regional rainfall-induced slope failures and debris flows across multiple catchments, which is required in landslide risk management in a large area. It considers the contribution of slope failures to debris flows and the scenario of a location impacted by multiple slope failures or debris flows or both. The contribution of slope failures to debris flows is considered by adding the increased amount of channel deposit from slope failures to the source material of debris flows. The platform is applied to a highway near the epicentre of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. The platform predicts the impact areas and runout distances of regional debris flows reasonably well. The risk assessment results indicate that both slope failures and debris flows pose a great danger to travellers along the road shortly after the earthquake due to the presence of a large amount of loose landslide deposits on steep terrains. The materials from the slope failures triggered during a storm substantially increase the channel deposit volume, leading to significantly increased debris flow volume and risk. A multi-hazard risk assessment approach is necessary to consider the scenario of a location impacted by multiple slope failures or debris flows or both, since assessing risks of slope failures and debris flows separately may underestimate the risk. © 2015 Elsevier B.V..
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flow; GIS; Landslide; Risk assessment; Slope stability; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Catchments; Debris; Deposits; Earthquakes; Geographic information systems; Geophysics; Hazards; Landslides; Rain; Risk assessment; Risk management; Risk perception; Slope protection; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Debris flows; Landslide deposits; Landslide risk managements; Mountainous area; Physically based; Rainfall-induced slope failures; Wenchuan Earthquake; Slope stability; debris flow; GIS; hazard assessment; landslide; rainfall; risk assessment; Sichuan earthquake 2008; slope failure; slope stability
REFERENCES: Landslide Processes from Geomorphological Mapping to Dynamic Modelling, (2009); 
Aleotti, Pietro, Landslide hazard assessment: Summary review and new perspectives, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 58, 1, pp. 21-44, (1999); 
Ali, Abid, Simplified quantitative risk assessment of rainfall-induced landslides modelled by infinite slopes, Engineering Geology, 179, pp. 102-116, (2014); 
Arnone, Elisa, Physically-based and distributed approach to analyze rainfall-triggered landslides at watershed scale, Geomorphology, 133, 3-4, pp. 121-131, (2011); 
Landslide risk management concepts and guidelines, Australian Geomechanics Journal, 35, 1, pp. 49-92, (2000); 
Baum, Rex L., Early warning of rainfall-induced shallow landslides and debris flows in the USA, Landslides, 7, 3, pp. 259-272, (2010); 
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Bhandary, Netra P., Areal distribution of large-scale landslides along highway corridors in central Nepal, Georisk, 7, 1, pp. 1-20, (2013); 
Cannon, Susan H., Storm rainfall conditions for floods and debris flows from recently burned areas in southwestern Colorado and southern California, Geomorphology, 96, 3-4, pp. 250-269, (2008); 
Proceedings of the 14th Southeast Asian Geotechnical Conference, (2003)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zou, Q., Cui, P., Zeng, C., Tang, J., Deep Regmi, A.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zou, Qiang (57203216238); Cui, Peng (56706923500); Zeng, Chao (56497480400); Tang, Jianxi (57188835006); Deep Regmi, Amar (57188834662)
57203216238; 56706923500; 56497480400; 57188835006; 57188834662
Dynamic process-based risk assessment of debris flow on a local scale
(2016) Physical Geography, 37 (2), pp. 132 - 152, Cited 20 times.
DOI: 10.1080/02723646.2016.1169477
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84963723966&doi=10.1080%2F02723646.2016.1169477&partnerID=40&md5=1292790c51156bd04aa7ad9ad021722f

AFFILIATIONS: College of Environmental Engineering and Resources, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: After the Wenchuan earthquake in China, debris flows have been more frequent. Multiple debris flows commonly occur in earthquake-affected areas during heavy rainfall, often causing losses of lives and property. We analyzed the dynamic movement of debris flows and proposed a quantitative method of debris flow hazard assessment, based on kinetic energy. Validated using field study of an actual debris flow disaster, these analyzes help determine the type, quantity, distribution, economic worth, and susceptibility of elements at risk. We established a method to determine vulnerability of elements at risk and we propose a systematic and quantitative method for local risk analysis of debris flows. We applied the proposed method to a debris flow in Qipan gully, which caused serious damages for Duwen Highway and Qipan settlements of Sichuan Province in 2013. With the support of a debris-flow movement numerical simulation, remote sensing, and GIS techniques, the proposed method analyzed disaster effects and divided the hazardous areas into three risk zones. Calculated risk zones coincided with the actual distribution and severity of damage of the event, suggesting that the risk assessment generated by the proposed method is consistent with results from the actual disaster. © 2016 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flow; hazard analysis; risk assessment; vulnerability; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: debris flow; gully erosion; hazard assessment; rainfall; risk assessment; Sichuan earthquake 2008; vulnerability; China; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Archetti, Renata, Assessment of risk due to debris flow events, Natural Hazards Review, 4, 3, pp. 115-125, (2003); 
Bisson, Marina, A rapid method to assess fire-related debris flow hazard in the Mediterranean region: An example from Sicily (southern Italy), International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 7, 3, pp. 217-231, (2005); 
Naturrisiken Und Sozialkatastrophen, (2025); 
Calvo, Benedetto, A real-world application of Monte Carlo procedure for debris flow risk assessment, Computers and Geosciences, 35, 5, pp. 967-977, (2009); 
Chau, Kam Tim, Hazard assessment of debris flows for Leung King Estate of Hong Kong by incorporating GIS with numerical simulations, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 4, 1, pp. 103-116, (2004); 
Science in China Series E Technological Sciences, (2003); 
Cui, Peng, The Wenchuan Earthquake (May 12, 2008), Sichuan Province, China, and resulting geohazards, Natural Hazards, 56, 1, pp. 19-36, (2011); 
Cui, Peng, Prediction of debris-flow danger area by combining hydrological and inundation simulation methods, Journal of Mountain Science, 8, 1, pp. 1-9, (2011); 
Cui, Peng, Risk assessment of highways affected by debris flows in Wenchuan earthquake area, Journal of Mountain Science, 10, 2, pp. 173-189, (2013); 
Cui, Peng, Characteristics and countermeasures of debris flow in Wenchuan area after the earthquake, Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 42, 5, pp. 10-19, (2010)
PUBLISHER: Taylor and Francis Inc. 325 Chestnut St, Suite 800 Philadelphia PA 19106
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zhao, L., Zhong, Z., Shi, Z., Yang, H., Shao, Q.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhao, Lili (57201844568); Zhong, Zheke (8080090500); Shi, Zuoming Min (8630877600); Yang, Huimin (57201845370); Shao, Qiong (57201846285)
57201844568; 8080090500; 8630877600; 57201845370; 57201846285
Effect of Wenchuan earthquake on physical and chemical properties of forest soils in Li county of Sichuan province
(2016) Linye Kexue/Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 52 (3), pp. 1 - 9, Cited 3 times.
DOI: 10.11707/j.1001-7488.20160301
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85046230840&doi=10.11707%2Fj.1001-7488.20160301&partnerID=40&md5=1af1377da3ce130f2f24056eb2c33ddc

AFFILIATIONS: China National Bamboo Research Center, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China; Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Objective: In order to explore the ecological consequences caused by secondary earthquake disasters and to provide scientific evidences for disaster-affected soil restoration, the physical and chemical properties of forest soil in Li County, Sichuan Province, were investigated comparatively. Method: Wenchuan earthquake happened on May 12th, 2008, and the investigation and sampling in Cupressus chenginana plantation of disaster-affected area was conducted in November, 2013. Three earthquake-affected stands and one stand as control (no obvious damage caused by secondary earthquake disasters) were chosen in Xionger Mountain (mountain cinnamon soil), and two earthquake-affected stands and one control stand were chosen in Puxi Gully (mountain brown soil). Soil physical properties such as soil density, total porosity and particle composition in 0-20 cm soil layer were measured. Meanwhile, soil nutrient indices such as soil pH value, total nitrogen (TN), alkali-hydrolysable nitrogen (AN), available phosphorus (AP), available potassium (AK), soil organic matter(SOM)content and cation exchange capacity (CEC) in three soil layers (0-20, 20-40, and 40-60 cm) were also analyzed. Results: Soil density in 0-20 cm soil layer was significantly increased in the earthquake-affected sites, the average value of earthquake-effected soils was 1.28 g·cm-3. In comparison with the controls, average values of soil density were increased by 6.1% and 18.6% in Xionger Mountain and Puxi Gully, respectively. The increased soil density caused the reduction of total soil porosity (a significant negative relationship between them, r=-0.998**), which brought in a reduction of soil water permeability and an increase of surface runoff and soil & water erosion. Affected by secondary earthquake disasters, the average soil organic matter contents were decreased by 56.1% and 52.2% in Xionger Mountain and Puxi Gully, respectively. Meanwhile, clay contents in surface soil (0-20 cm) decreased by 54.8% and 57.1% on average, respectively. But soil sand and silt contents increased significantly. The soil pH values were significantly increased at different soil depths (0-20, 20-40, and 40-60 cm) in both of the two study sites, and the average pH value was increased by 11.5%. The variability of pH value showed no significant relationship with the soil type and soil depth. The decrease of soil organic matter content and loss of soil clay content may be the main causes for the increase of pH value. Affected by secondary earthquake disasters, soil TN, AN, AP and AK contents were decreased significantly. The AP and AK contents were decreased by 67.1% and 72.2% in Xionger Mountain, meanwhile, decreased by 80.3% and 78.0% in Puxi Gully, respectively. Content of SOM was positively correlated with contents of TN, AN, AP, AK and CEC, respectively. The CEC values in earthquake-affected soils from both investigated areas were significantly decreased by 79.7%-90.3%. The soils showed a very low capacity in maintaining soil water and nutrient. The changes of soil C/N ratio indicated that the C loss was higher than the N loss in earthquake-affected soils. Conclusion: Affected by secondary earthquake disasters, the soils of Cupressus chenginana plantation in this study showed severe soil degradation: Increase of soil density, decrease of soil porosity, increase of soil pH value, loss of soil clay and nutrients and reduction of soil CEC. It is recommended that the soil remediation measures in the studied forest soils should be focused on the following aspects: increasing soil organic matter, improving soil water and nutrient retention, and reducing loss of soil clay. © 2016, Editorial Department of Scientia Silvae Sinicae. All right reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Cupressus chenginana plantation; Ecological restoration; Forest soil; Li County; Nutrients; Physical and chemical properties; Secondary earthquake disasters; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Biogeochemistry; Biological materials; Chemical properties; Conservation; Degradation; Disasters; Earthquakes; Ecology; Forestry; Geophysics; Landforms; Lithium; Nitrogen; Nutrients; Organic compounds; pH; Porosity; Restoration; Soil conservation; Soil moisture; Soil pollution; Cupressus chenginana plantation; Earthquake disaster; Ecological restoration; Forest soils; Physical and chemical properties; Wenchuan Earthquake; Soils
REFERENCES: Journal of Nuclear Agricutural Science, (2010); 
Guo, Bing, Characteristics and analysis of soil erosion in Li country after Wenchuan earthquake based on GIS and USLE, Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 28, 14, pp. 118-126, (2012); 
Forestry Science and Technology of Guangdong Province, (2014); 
Lin, Qing, Microbial carbon utilization in rhizosphere soils of secondary plants in earthquake fault zone of Xinjiang, Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 22, 9, pp. 2297-2302, (2011); 
Scientia Silvae Sinicae, (2013); 
Journal of Gansu Agricultural University, (2001); 
Chemical Analysis of Agricultural Soil, (2000); 
Journal of Anhui Agri, (2011); 
Journal of Sichuan Forestry Science and Technology, (2012); 
J Mount Sci, (2005)
PUBLISHER: Chinese Society of Forestry
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Liu, D.L., Zhang, S.J., Yang, H., Zhao, L.Q., Jiang, Y.H., Tang, D., Leng, X.P.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Liu, Dunlong (56298155700); Zhang, Shaojie (35249906100); Yang, Hongjuan (55545920200); Zhao, Luqiang (57131658500); Jiang, Yuhong (7404832288); Tang, Dan (35191134600); Leng, Xiaopeng (36986910300)
56298155700; 35249906100; 55545920200; 57131658500; 7404832288; 35191134600; 36986910300
Application and analysis of debris-flow early warning system in Wenchuan earthquake-affected area
(2016) Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 16 (2), pp. 483 - 496, Cited 16 times.
DOI: 10.5194/nhess-16-483-2016
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84958972228&doi=10.5194%2Fnhess-16-483-2016&partnerID=40&md5=a95ca672ac619e28ac452d9e2b3bd894

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Software Engineering, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; China Meteorological Administration, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: The activities of debris flow (DF) in the Wenchuan earthquake-affected area significantly increased after the earthquake on 12 May 2008. The safety of the lives and property of local people is threatened by DFs. A physics-based early warning system (EWS) for DF forecasting was developed and applied in this earthquake area. This paper introduces an application of the system in the Wenchuan earthquake-affected area and analyzes the prediction results via a comparison to the DF events triggered by the strong rainfall events reported by the local government. The prediction accuracy and efficiency was first compared with a contribution-factor-based system currently used by the weather bureau of Sichuan province. The storm on 17 August 2012 was used as a case study for this comparison. The comparison shows that the false negative rate and false positive rate of the new system is, respectively, 19 and 21% lower than the system based on the contribution factors. Consequently, the prediction accuracy is obviously higher than the system based on the contribution factors with a higher operational efficiency. On the invitation of the weather bureau of Sichuan province, the authors upgraded their prediction system of DF by using this new system before the monsoon of Wenchuan earthquake-affected area in 2013. Two prediction cases on 9 July 2013 and 10 July 2014 were chosen to further demonstrate that the new EWS has high stability, efficiency, and prediction accuracy. © 2016 Author(s).
INDEX KEYWORDS: accuracy assessment; debris flow; early warning system; efficiency measurement; hazard management; seismic zone; China; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Aleotti, Pietro, A warning system for rainfall-induced shallow failures, Engineering Geology, 73, 3-4, pp. 247-265, (2004); 
Badoux, Alexandre, Rainfall intensity-duration thresholds for bedload transport initiation in small Alpine watersheds, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 12, 10, pp. 3091-3108, (2012); 
Berenguer, Marc, Debris-flow forecasting at regional scale by combining susceptibility mapping and radar rainfall, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 15, 3, pp. 587-602, (2015); 
Berti, Matteo, Experimental evidences and numerical modelling of debris flow initiated by channel runoff, Landslides, 2, 3, pp. 171-182, (2005); 
Borga, Marco, Hydrogeomorphic response to extreme rainfall in headwater systems: Flash floods and debris flows, Journal of Hydrology, 518, PB, pp. 194-205, (2014); 
Caine, Nel, The rainfall intensity-duration control of shallow landslides and debris flows., Geografiska Annaler, Series A: Physical Geography, 62, 1-2, pp. 23-27, (1980); 
Chen, H., Geohazards of slope mass movement and its prevention in Hong Kong, Engineering Geology, 76, 1-2, pp. 3-25, (2004); 
Coe, Jeffrey A., Initiation conditions for debris flows generated by runoff at Chalk Cliffs, central Colorado, Geomorphology, 96, 3-4, pp. 270-297, (2008); 
Cong, Zhentao, Hydrological trend analysis in the Yellow River basin using a distributed hydrological model, Water Resources Research, 45, 7, (2009); 
Chinese Science Bulletin, (1991)
PUBLISHER: Copernicus GmbH info@copernicus.org
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Guo, C., Yao, L., Duan, S., Huang, Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Guo, Chenwen (55755754300); Yao, Lingkan (7201688064); Duan, Shusu (55753760000); Huang, Yidan (36618861800)
55755754300; 7201688064; 55753760000; 36618861800
Distribution regularities of landslides induced by Wenchuan earthquake, Lushan earthquake and Nepal earthquake
(2016) Xinan Jiaotong Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University, 51 (1), pp. 71 - 77, Cited 8 times.
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.2016.01.011
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84961842876&doi=10.3969%2Fj.issn.0258-2724.2016.01.011&partnerID=40&md5=3dfe3adff94f367677407a350f96b3c8

AFFILIATIONS: School of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Sichuan Key Laboratory of Seismic Engineering and Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; MOE Key Laboratory of High-Speed Railway Engineering, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: In order to study the distribution laws of landslides induced by earthquakes, the distribution regularities of landslides were investigated statistically based on the data of 22 302 landslides induced by the Wenchuan earthquake, 1 608 landslides induced by the Lushan earthquake, and 919 landslides induced by the Nepal earthquake using GIS techniques, and the relationships of the landslides with distance from coseismic fault, lithology, slope position and slope shape were discussed. The research results show that the landslides induced by the three earthquakes were more serious in hard rock zones than in soft rock zones and in complex slope shape zones than in simple slope shape zones. Moreover, the distributions of these landslides shown a “hanging wall and footwall effect”. The distributions of the landslides shown a “fault effect” in ordinary circumstances, otherwise, the“fault effect” did not exist in intensity anomaly. The landslides had a characteristic, i. e., they were more serious in high slope position only when seismic intensity was not less than intensity IX. © 2016, Editorial Department of Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University. All right reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Distribution law; Landslide; Lushan earthquake; Nepal earthquake; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Faulting; Geophysics; Landslides; Lithology; Complex slopes; Distribution law; Distribution regularities; Fault effect; Research results; Seismic intensity; Slope positions; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes
REFERENCES: Scientia Sinica Terrae, (2013); 
undefined; 
undefined; 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2009); 
Wen, Ruizhi, Maximum acceleration recording from Lushan earthquake on April 20, 2013, Xinan Jiaotong Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University, 48, 5, pp. 783-791, (2013); 
Zhou, Depei, Stability analysis of rocky slope based on slope structures, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 27, 4, pp. 687-695, (2008); 
Huang, Runqiu, Research on development and distribution rules of geohazards induced by Wenchuan earthquake on 12th May, 2008, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 27, 12, pp. 2585-2592, (2008); 
Topographic Position and Landforms Analysis, (2006); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2006)
PUBLISHER: Science Press shengtaixuebao@mail.rcees.ac.cn
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zhou, Z., Cui, P., Xingguo, Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhou, Jia-wen (14064231100); Cui, Peng (56706923500); Xingguo, Yang (55765506000)
14064231100; 56706923500; 55765506000
Effects of Material Composition and Water Content on the Mechanical Properties of Landslide Deposits Triggered by the Wenchuan Earthquake
(2016) Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition), 90 (1), pp. 242 - 257, Cited 22 times.
DOI: 10.1111/1755-6724.12655
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84958949243&doi=10.1111%2F1755-6724.12655&partnerID=40&md5=95c54e03031718dffa99f0cfe9ae3de7

AFFILIATIONS: Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Abundant landslide deposits were triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake, providing a rich source of material for subsequent debris flows or slope failures under rainfall conditions. A good understanding of the physical and mechanical properties of the landslide deposits is very important to the research on slope failure mechanisms and the initiation of debris flow. Laboratory biaxial compression tests are used to study the material compositions and water content impacts on the mechanical properties of landslide deposits, and a discrete element method (a bond-contact model) is used to study the particle stiffness, bond force, friction coefficient and confining stress impact on the mechanical behaviors and the relationships between the numerical and experimental parameters. The experimental results show that the failure stress of landslide deposits is decreased with increasing content of fine particles and also with increased water content, especially at the initial increasing stage. Cohesion of the saturated landslide deposits is increased, but the friction angle is decreased with the increase in the fine particle content. Shear strength parameters (the cohesion and friction angle) are decreased with the increasing water content at the initial increasing stage, and then, they slowly decrease. There is a critical value of the water content at 5%-7% (in weight) for the failure stress and shear strength parameters of the landslide deposits. Quadratic equations are presented to describe the relation between the bond force and cohesion, and the numerical friction coefficient and the experimental friction angle. © 2016 Geological Society of China.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: landslide deposits; numerical modeling; particle size distribution; shear strength parameters; water content
INDEX KEYWORDS: cohesion; debris flow; friction; landslide; mechanical property; numerical model; particle size; shear strength; size distribution; slope failure; water content
REFERENCES: Acta Geologica Sinica English Edition, (2013); 
Berryman, James G., Pore fluid effects on shear modulus in a model of heterogeneous rocks, reservoirs, and granular media, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 110, 7, pp. 1-13, (2005); 
Börgesson, Lennart, Influence of soil structure heterogeneities on the behaviour of backfill materials based on mixtures of bentonite and crushed rock, Applied Clay Science, 23, 1-4, pp. 121-131, (2003); 
Cui, Peng, The mechanisms behind shallow failures in slopes comprised of landslide deposits, Engineering Geology, 180, pp. 34-44, (2014); 
Cuisinier, Olivier, Shear strength behaviour of compacted clayey soils percolated with an alkaline solution, Engineering Geology, 108, 3-4, pp. 177-188, (2009); 
Cundall, Peter A., A discrete numerical model for granular assemblies, Geotechnique, 29, 1, pp. 47-65, (1979); 
Guo, Yonggui, Influence of normal stress and grain shape on granular friction: Results of discrete element simulations, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 109, 12, pp. 1-16, (2004); 
Guo, Xiaohua, Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) chronology of the Dehenglong landslide from Longyang Gorge to Liujia Gorge along upper Yellow River, China, Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition), 89, 1, pp. 242-250, (2015); 
Special Technical Publication, (1957); 
Huang, Runqiu, Analysis of the geo-hazards triggered by the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake, China, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 68, 3, pp. 363-371, (2009)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Hou, T.-S., Wang, X.-G., Pamukcu, S.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Hou, Tianshun (35229936500); Wang, Xingang (36775662600); Pamukcu, Sibel (7003773348)
35229936500; 36775662600; 7003773348
Geological Characteristics and Stability Evaluation of Wanjia Middle School Slope in Wenchuan Earthquake Area
(2016) Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, 34 (1), pp. 237 - 249, Cited 18 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s10706-015-9941-1
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84957436154&doi=10.1007%2Fs10706-015-9941-1&partnerID=40&md5=da1075b0eb5c11ebde5bf0f216952ae7

AFFILIATIONS: College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China; Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; P.C. Rossin College of Engineering & Applied Science, Bethlehem, PA, United States
ABSTRACT: To investigate the formation mechanism and the stability of Wanjia middle school slope in Wenchuan Earthquake Area, the macroscopic geological characteristics and the failure process of the landslide are researched by engineering geology analysis method, limit equilibrium method, and finit element method. The results show that after the Wenchuan Earthquake, retaining walls, houses and other infrastructure on the foot of Wanjia middle school slope were severely destroyed, 10 cm wide tension fracture appeared at the trailing edge of the slope. Wanjia middle school slope is a type of medium-sized soil landslide. The area of the deformation body is about 19,314 m2, the total volume of the deformation body is about 23 × 104 m3. There may be two potential sliding surfaces in the unstable slope: shallow and deep landslide. The analysis results of the limit equilibrium method and the finite element method show that: under dead weight, dead weight + rainstorm, dead weight + earthquake conditions, the plastic zone occurs mainly at the middle part or the trailing edge of the slope, and it doesn’t fully cut through the deep landslide body, so the deep landslide is stable. However, under rainstorm or earthquake conditions, the plastic zone almost completely cut thorough the shallow landslide body, it shows that the shallow landslide is in the understable–basic stable state. It is found that the results of finite element method is concordant with the results of the limit equilibrium method (F<inf>s</inf> = 1.06–1.29, the shallow landslide is in the basic stable–stable state). The calculation results show that shallow landslides are likely to occur in Wanjia middle school slope during a rainstorm or an earthquake, so monitoring and control of the slope should be strengthened. The shallow landslide should be managed by some measures, such as anti slide pile retaining structures and drainage works, and the dangerous rock bodies on the slope surface should be cleaned up. © 2015, Springer International Publishing Switzerland.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Geological characteristics; Numerical simulation; Stability evaluation; Wanjia middle school slope; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Computer simulation; Deformation; Earthquakes; Geology; Landslides; Piles; Storms; Formation mechanism; Geological characteristics; Limit equilibrium methods; Middle school; Monitoring and control; Potential sliding surfaces; Stability evaluation; Wenchuan Earthquake; Finite element method; computer simulation; deformation; finite element method; formation mechanism; landslide; limit analysis; Sichuan earthquake 2008; sliding; slope failure; slope stability; stability analysis; China
REFERENCES: Handbook of Engineering Geology, (2007); 
Dai, Zili, 3D numerical modeling using smoothed particle hydrodynamics of flow-like landslide propagation triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Engineering Geology, 180, pp. 21-33, (2014); 
Du, Jie, Research on impact of Wenchuan earthquake on stability of Wangyuezhai landslide, Yantu Lixue/Rock and Soil Mechanics, 31, 3, pp. 856-862, (2010); 
undefined; 
Guo, Deping, Qualitative and quantitative analysis on landslide influential factors during Wenchuan earthquake: A case study in Wenchuan County, Engineering Geology, 152, 1, pp. 202-209, (2013); 
Highland, Lynn M., Environmental impact of the landslides caused by the 12 May 2008, Wenchuan, China earthquake, 5, pp. 179-184, (2013); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2008); 
J Eng Geol, (2012); 
Hydrogeol Eng Geol, (2011); 
Tang, Minggao, Discuss on failure mechanism and geologic characteristic of Woqian landslide triggered by Wenchuan earthquake, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 30, SUPPL. 2, pp. 3491-3502, (2011)
PUBLISHER: Springer International Publishing
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Guo, X., Cui, P., Li, Y., Zou, Q., Kong, Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Guo, Xiaojun (55636231600); Cui, Peng (56706923500); Li, Yong (56044366400); Zou, Qiang (57203216238); Kong, Yingde (55648739100)
55636231600; 56706923500; 56044366400; 57203216238; 55648739100
The formation and development of debris flows in large watersheds after the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake
(2016) Landslides, 13 (1), pp. 25 - 37, Cited 48 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s10346-014-0541-6
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84957431374&doi=10.1007%2Fs10346-014-0541-6&partnerID=40&md5=fd1e2c8fcc72fff3a0a699b3da2dd32f

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Asian Network on Debris Flow, Chengdu, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: The Wenchuan earthquake has caused abundance of loose materials supplies for debris flows. Many debris flows have occurred in watersheds in area beyond 20 km2, presenting characteristics differing from those in small watersheds. The debris flows yearly frequency decreases exponentially, and the average debris flow magnitude increases linearly with watershed size. The rainfall thresholds for debris flows in large watersheds were expressed as I = 14.7 D−0.79 (2 h < D < 56 h), which is considerably higher than those in small watersheds as I = 4.4 D−0.70 (2 h < D < 37 h). A case study is conducted in Ergou, 39.4 km2 in area, to illustrate the formation and development processes of debris flows in large watersheds. A debris flow develops in a large watershed only when the rainfall was high enough to trigger the wide-spread failures and erosions on slope and realize the confluence in the watershed. The debris flow was supplied by the widely distributed failures dominated by rill erosions (14 in 22 sources in this case). The intermittent supplying increased the size and duration of debris flow. While the landslide dam failures provided most amounts for debris flows (57 % of the total amount), and amplified the discharge suddenly. During these processes, the debris flow velocity and density increased as well. The similar processes were observed in other large watersheds, indicating this case is representative. © 2014, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flows; Formation; Large watershed; Triggering rainfall; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Earthquakes; Erosion; Flow velocity; Rain; Watersheds; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Debris flows; Development process; Formation; Large watersheds; Rainfall thresholds; Small watersheds; Wenchuan Earthquake; Debris; debris flow; discharge; earthquake trigger; formation mechanism; interrill erosion; rainfall; Sichuan earthquake 2008; slope failure; watershed
REFERENCES: Caine, Nel, The rainfall intensity-duration control of shallow landslides and debris flows., Geografiska Annaler, Series A: Physical Geography, 62, 1-2, pp. 23-27, (1980); 
Cannon, Susan H., Storm rainfall conditions for floods and debris flows from recently burned areas in southwestern Colorado and southern California, Geomorphology, 96, 3-4, pp. 250-269, (2008); 
Mechanics of Sediment Transport, (1999); 
Coe, Jeffrey A., Volumetric analysis and hydrologic characterization of a modern debris flow near Yucca Mountain, Nevada, Geomorphology, 20, 1-2, pp. 11-28, (1997); 
Chinese Science Bulletin, (1992); 
Cui, Peng, The Wenchuan Earthquake (May 12, 2008), Sichuan Province, China, and resulting geohazards, Natural Hazards, 56, 1, pp. 19-36, (2011); 
Cui, Peng, Scale amplification of natural debris flows caused by cascading landslide dam failures, Geomorphology, 182, pp. 173-189, (2013); 
Godt, Jonathan W., Alpine debris flows triggered by a 28 July 1999 thunderstorm in the central Front Range, Colorado, Geomorphology, 84, 1-2, pp. 80-97, (2007); 
J Catastrophology, (2012); 
J Mt Sci, (2013)
PUBLISHER: Springer Verlag service@springer.de
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Han, M., Hu, X., Diao, R.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Han, Mei (56621900500); Hu, Xiewen (7404709509); Diao, Renhui (57164564500)
56621900500; 7404709509; 57164564500
Numerical simulation of dynamics character of Taoguan debris flow gully at Duwen highway segment in Wenchuan earthquake disaster region
(2016) Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 48 (1), pp. 35 - 42, Cited 2 times.
DOI: 10.15961/j.jsuese.2016.01.006
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84960495375&doi=10.15961%2Fj.jsuese.2016.01.006&partnerID=40&md5=4b3d9abd93267b4cfd9c4e24926cc011

AFFILIATIONS: School of Mathematics, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; State-province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Spatial Information Technology for High-speed Railway Safety, China
ABSTRACT: Aimed at the impact force of the debris flow occurred on July 10, 2013, which buried the facilities including Duwen highway at the deposition fan of Taoguan gully, the formation condition and development characteristic of the debris flow through field investigation were identified, and relevant kinematics parameters were determined by using the rain-flood method. Applying large-scale fluid dynamics software CFX, the process of 10th-July debris flow in Duwen highway segment and its motion feature were simulated. The motional dynamics and hazardous zone of the debris flow were obtained. The distribution of the velocity field and the influence on facilities localized along the debris flow gully were analyzed. Meanwhile, the impact force of the debris flow and the corresponding risk on the bridge pier of Duwen highway were intensively studied. The simulated results agreed well with the calculated ones by empirical formula with an error of only 5.8%. © 2016, Editorial Department of Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition). All right reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flow; Dynamic characteristics; Numerical simulation; Wenchuan Earthquake regin
INDEX KEYWORDS: Computer simulation; Dynamics; Earthquakes; Geophysics; Landforms; Numerical models; Transportation; Velocity; Debris flows; Development characteristics; Dynamic characteristics; Empirical formulas; Field investigation; Formation condition; Kinematics parameters; Wenchuan Earthquake; Debris
REFERENCES: Hu, Xiewen, Trigger effect of earthquake geohazards around Baoxing County induced by Lushan 4·20 strong earthquake, Xinan Jiaotong Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University, 48, 4, pp. 599-608, (2013); 
Cui, Peng, Characteristics and countermeasures of debris flow in Wenchuan area after the earthquake, Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 42, 5, pp. 10-19, (2010); 
Journal of Natural Disasters, (1993); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2012); 
Rickenman, Dieter, Empirical relationships for debris flows, Natural Hazards, 19, 1, pp. 47-77, (1999); 
Lorente, Adrián, Debris flow characteristics and relationships in the Central Spanish Pyrenees, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 3, 6, pp. 683-692, (2003); 
Zhang, Chen, Prediction on hazardous areas of debris flow based on neural network, Harbin Gongye Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology, 42, 10, pp. 1642-1645, (2010); 
Cui, Peng, Prediction of debris-flow danger area by combining hydrological and inundation simulation methods, Journal of Mountain Science, 8, 1, pp. 1-9, (2011); 
Journal of Lanzhou University Natural Sciences, (2014); 
Tang, Jinbo, Debris flow impact pressure signal processing by the wavelet analysis, Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 45, 1, pp. 8-13, (2013)
PUBLISHER: Editorial Department of Journal of Sichuan University
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zhang, M., Yin, Y., McSaveney, M.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhang, Ming (57184521900); Yin, Yueping (55687306100); McSaveney, Maurice J. (35615825700)
57184521900; 55687306100; 35615825700
Dynamics of the 2008 earthquake-triggered Wenjiagou Creek rock avalanche, Qingping, Sichuan, China
(2016) Engineering Geology, 200, pp. 75 - 87, Cited 86 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2015.12.008
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84949746677&doi=10.1016%2Fj.enggeo.2015.12.008&partnerID=40&md5=4e65248c7b99207764d32d5f61aa7b97

AFFILIATIONS: Faculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China; China Institute of Geo-Environment Monitoring, Beijing, Beijing, China; GNS Science, Lower Hutt, WGN, New Zealand
ABSTRACT: The Wenjiagou Creek rock avalanche was triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. It traveled 4.6km and left a granular deposit of 1.5×108m3 in Wenjiagou Creek valley. The dynamics of the rock avalanche were studied through field and laboratory investigations and remote sensing. The dynamic course was divided into three segments: (1) Failing - the original slope failed due to the huge earthquake ground accelerations acting on a rock mass weakened by severe karstification; (2) Falling - the rock mass experienced several drops due to abrupt changes in slope, and broke into granular debris during collisions with the ground and mountain flanks; and (3) Flow - the broken granular mass flowed approximately 3km down the valley of Wenjiagou Creek. The transport mechanism of the granular mass of debris was studied by analyzing the structure of the deposit and through ring-shear tests. A gully incised into the deposit by rainfall runoff and debris flows enabled the internal structure of the deposit to be examined and sampled. In cross-section, the exposed deposit was finest near the base, and gradually became coarser towards the surface (inverse grading); in longitudinal section, deposits near the base and on the surface both became finer with increasing travel distance. Near the base, the granular debris experienced the maximum normal and shear stresses, and fragmented into the finest grains. Both normal and shear stresses between the grains gradually decreased from near the base to the surface. Samples were sheared in a ring-shear apparatus to simulate the shearing within the granular debris. Shear resistance between grains was found to decrease as grains became finer due to pervasive fragmentation, which is one of the possible mechanisms by which the granular debris was able to travel a long distance at a high speed. © 2015 Elsevier B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Dynamics; Pervasive fragmentation; Ring-shear test; Transport mechanism; Wenjiagou Creek rock avalanche
INDEX KEYWORDS: Debris; Deposits; Dynamics; Earthquakes; Geophysics; Grading; Landforms; Remote sensing; Rock mechanics; Runoff; Shear stress; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Ground accelerations; Laboratory investigations; Normal and shear stress; Pervasive fragmentation; Ring shear tests; Rock avalanche; Transport mechanism; Rocks
REFERENCES: Proc R Soc London Ser A, (1954); 
Bertran, Pascal, The rock-avalanche of February 1995 at Claix (French Alps), Geomorphology, 54, 3-4, pp. 339-346, (2003); 
Der Bergsturz Von Elm, (1881); 
Cagnoli, Bruno, Pressures at the base of dry flows of angular rock fragments as a function of grain size and flow volume: Experimental results, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 196, 3-4, pp. 236-244, (2010); 
Campbell, Charles S., Granular material flows - An overview, Powder Technology, 162, 3, pp. 208-229, (2006); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2011); 
Cox, Simon C., Rock avalanche on 14 July 2014 from Hillary Ridge, Aoraki/Mount Cook, New Zealand, Landslides, 12, 2, pp. 395-402, (2015); 
Crosta, Giovanni Battista, Fragmentation in the Val Pola rock avalanche, Italian Alps, Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 112, 1, (2007); 
Crosta, Giovanni Battista, Numerical modelling of entrainment/deposition in rock and debris-avalanches, Engineering Geology, 109, 1-2, pp. 135-145, (2009); 
Fangpeng, Cui, A variation trend analysis of key controlling factors on slope dynamic response due to seismic action, Disaster Advances, 5, 4, pp. 51-57, (2012)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Huang, R., Pei, X., Cui, S.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Huang, Runqiu (55835407700); Pei, Xiangjun (14058672500); Cui, Shenghua (56660242900)
55835407700; 14058672500; 56660242900
Cataclastic characteristics and formation mechanism of rock mass in sliding zone of Daguangbao landslide
(2016) Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 35 (1), pp. 1 - 15, Cited 41 times.
DOI: 10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2015.0075
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84959245895&doi=10.13722%2Fj.cnki.jrme.2015.0075&partnerID=40&md5=10fabd5ed8188672c41b69d6359e0cf8

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: Daguangbao landslide is the largest landslide triggered by "5·12" Wenchuan earthquake. The exposed sliding zone with a length of 1.8 km and highly ruptured rock mass occurred on the south side of the landslide, which attracted great attention across the world and was a focus in the past 6 years. The engineering geological mapping and exploration in the past made the cataclastic characteristics of rock mass in sliding zone to be well revealed. The sliding zone was found to be bedding on a fault zone of the slope. Because of the strong vertical ground motion near the seismogenic fault, the slope was separated along the bedding fault zone which was the relatively weaker interlayer. Vertical impacting or tamping within the weaker layer occurred leading to the further fragmentation. Mesoscopic analysis of sliding zone confirmed the existence of the earthquake induced fragmentation in sliding zone and revealed the dilation effect in the process of fracture, which was further verified with the physical simulation and PFC numerical simulation. The rock mass fragmentation and dilation of sliding zone were thus concluded to be very significant. Firstly, the further fragmentation and fine grains of the rock mass reduces the friction of sliding zone. Secondly, what is more important, because of the tamping and synchronous dilation within the sliding zone, groundwater will be strongly squeezed into the dilated space, which may stimulate the water hammer with the rapid increase of pore water pressure and the sharp reduction of shear resistance and as a result, causes initiation of the landslide suddenly with high traveling speed. © 2016, Science Press. All right reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Cataclastic sliding zone; Daguangbao landslide; Sliding zone; Slope engineering; Vibration impact and dilation; Water hammer mechanism
INDEX KEYWORDS: Earthquakes; Faulting; Geophysics; Groundwater; Landslides; Rock mechanics; Slope protection; Water hammer; Daguangbao landslides; Engineering geological mapping; Formation mechanism; Pore-water pressures; Sliding zone; Slope engineering; Vertical ground motion; Vibration impact and dilation; Rocks
REFERENCES: Journal of Engineering Geology, (2008); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2025); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2011); 
Yin, Yueping, Dynamic response characteristics of Daguangbao landslide triggered by Wenchuan earthquake, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 31, 10, pp. 1969-1982, (2012); 
Zhang, Yingbin Bin, Effects of near-fault seismic loadings on run-out of large-scale landslide: A case study, Engineering Geology, 166, pp. 216-236, (2013); 
Egu General Assembly Conference Abstracts, (2015); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2013); 
Study on Damage Features of the Rock Mass in the Sliding Belt of the Giant Landslide Under the Strong Earthquakea Case of Daguangbao Landslide, (2012); 
Geological Map Specification of the People S Republic of China, (1995); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2014)
PUBLISHER: Academia Sinica kjwang@public.wh.hb.cn
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Hu, W., Dong, X.J., Xu, Q., Wang, G., van Asch, T.W.J., Hicher, P.Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Hu, Wei (42361224100); Dong, Xiujun (15758927100); Xu, Qiang (56506033600); Wang, Gonghui (8532560900); van Asch, Theodore W.J. (6701661708); Hicher, Pierre Yves (6603794844)
42361224100; 15758927100; 56506033600; 8532560900; 6701661708; 6603794844
Initiation processes for run-off generated debris flows in the Wenchuan earthquake area of China
(2016) Geomorphology, 253, pp. 468 - 477, Cited 50 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2015.10.024
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84946945108&doi=10.1016%2Fj.geomorph.2015.10.024&partnerID=40&md5=6a38d86084aa454e42e2b004eb178293

AFFILIATIONS: a State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Universiteit Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands; Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan; Centrale Nantes, Nantes, Pays-de-la-Loire, France
ABSTRACT: The frequency of huge debris flows greatly increased in the epicenter area of the Wenchuan earthquake. Field investigation revealed that runoff during rainstorm played a major role in generating debris flows on the loose deposits, left by coseismic debris avalanches. However, the mechanisms of these runoff-generated debris flows are not well understood due to the complexity of the initiation processes. To better understand the initiation mechanisms, we simulated and monitored the initiation process in laboratory flume test, with the help of a 3D laser scanner. We found that run-off incision caused an accumulation of material down slope. This failed as shallow slides when saturated, transforming the process into debris in a second stage. After this initial phase, the debris flow volume increased rapidly by a chain of subsequent cascading processes starting with collapses of the side walls, damming and breaching, leading to a rapid widening of the erosion channel. In terms of erosion amount, the subsequent mechanisms were much more important than the initial one. The damming and breaching were found to be the main reasons for the huge magnitude of the debris flows in the post-earthquake area. It was also found that the tested material was susceptible to excess pore pressure and liquefaction in undrained triaxial, which may be a reason for the fluidization in the flume tests. © 2015 Elsevier B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Damming and breaching effect; Debris flow; Fluidization; Run-off
INDEX KEYWORDS: debris avalanche; debris flow; erosion; fluidization; flume experiment; liquefaction; pore pressure; runoff; Sichuan earthquake 2008; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Armanini, Aronne, Rheological stratification in experimental free-surface flows of granular-liquid mixtures, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 532, pp. 269-319, (2005); 
Annual Book of ASTM Standard, (2009); 
Berti, Matteo, Experimental evidences and numerical modelling of debris flow initiated by channel runoff, Landslides, 2, 3, pp. 171-182, (2005); 
Cannon, Susan H., Wildfire-related debris-flow generation through episodic progressive sediment-bulking processes, western USA, International Conference on Debris-Flow Hazards Mitigation: Mechanics, Prediction, and Assessment, Proceedings, 1, pp. 71-82, (2003); 
Cannon, Susan H., Wildfire-related debris-flow initiation processes, Storm King Mountain, Colorado, Geomorphology, 39, 3-4, pp. 171-188, (2001); 
Castro G, LIQUEFACTION OF SANDS, (1969); 
Coe, Jeffrey A., Initiation conditions for debris flows generated by runoff at Chalk Cliffs, central Colorado, Geomorphology, 96, 3-4, pp. 270-297, (2008); 
Cui, Peng, Scale amplification of natural debris flows caused by cascading landslide dam failures, Geomorphology, 182, pp. 173-189, (2013); 
Daouadji, Ali, Diffuse failure in geomaterials: Experiments, theory and modelling, International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, 35, 16, pp. 1731-1773, (2011); 
Darve, Felix A., Liquefaction phenomenon of granular materials and constitutive stability, Engineering Computations, 13, 7, pp. 5-28, (1996)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; BRONZE OPEN ACCESS

Guo, X., Cui, P., Li, Y., Ma, L., Ge, Y., Mahoney, W.B.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Guo, Xiaojun (55636231600); Cui, Peng (56706923500); Li, Yong (56044366400); Ma, Li (59115653400); Ge, Yonggang (26039083000); Mahoney, William B. (56735896000)
55636231600; 56706923500; 56044366400; 59115653400; 26039083000; 56735896000
Intensity-duration threshold of rainfall-triggered debris flows in the Wenchuan Earthquake affected area, China
(2016) Geomorphology, 253, pp. 208 - 216, Cited 130 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2015.10.009
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84945295638&doi=10.1016%2Fj.geomorph.2015.10.009&partnerID=40&md5=5d2564d06919b232d59b68d8bd4884c2

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; CAS Center for Excellence & Innovation in Tibetan Plateau Earth System Sciences, Shantou, Beijing, China; Sichuan Meteorological Administration, Chengdu, China; International Erosion Control Association, Denver, CO, United States
ABSTRACT: The Ms 8.0 Wenchuan Earthquake has greatly altered the rainfall threshold for debris flows in the affected areas. This study explores the local intensity-duration (I-D) relationship based on 252 post-earthquake debris flows. It was found that I=5.25 D-0.76 accounts for more than 98% of the debris flow occurrences with rainfall duration between 1 and 135h; therefore the curve defines the threshold for debris flows in the study area. This gives much lower thresholds than those proposed by the previous studies, suggesting that the earthquake has greatly decreased the thresholds in the past years. Moreover, the rainfall thresholds appear to increase annually in the period of 2008-2013, and present a logarithmic increasing tendency, indicating that the thresholds will recover in the future decades. © 2015 Elsevier B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flows; I-D relationship; Loose material; Rainfall thresholds; Wenchuan Earthquake affected area
INDEX KEYWORDS: debris flow; earthquake magnitude; rainfall; Sichuan earthquake 2008
REFERENCES: Aleotti, Pietro, A warning system for rainfall-induced shallow failures, Engineering Geology, 73, 3-4, pp. 247-265, (2004); 
van Asch, Theodore W.J., An integrated model to assess critical rainfall thresholds for run-out distances of debris flows, Natural Hazards, 70, 1, pp. 299-311, (2014); 
Brunetti, Maria Teresa, Rainfall thresholds for the possible occurrence of landslides in Italy, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 10, 3, pp. 447-458, (2010); 
Caine, Nel, The rainfall intensity-duration control of shallow landslides and debris flows., Geografiska Annaler, Series A: Physical Geography, 62, 1-2, pp. 23-27, (1980); 
Cannon, Susan H., Storm rainfall conditions for floods and debris flows from recently burned areas in southwestern Colorado and southern California, Geomorphology, 96, 3-4, pp. 250-269, (2008); 
Wenchuan Earthquake of 2008 Anatomy of A Disaster, (2011); 
Chen, Chienyuan, Rainfall duration and debris-flow initiated studies for real-time monitoring, Environmental Geology, 47, 5, pp. 715-724, (2005); 
Sci Geogr Sin, (2011); 
Coe, Jeffrey A., Initiation conditions for debris flows generated by runoff at Chalk Cliffs, central Colorado, Geomorphology, 96, 3-4, pp. 270-297, (2008); 
Chinese Science Bulletin, (1992)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wang, R., He, B., Li, T., Chen, Z., Zhang, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wang, Renxin (57213139088); He, Binghui (7402047749); Li, Tianyang (57217075889); Chen, Zhanpeng (55541285100); Zhang, Jinsong (57200568498)
57213139088; 7402047749; 57217075889; 55541285100; 57200568498
Research on soil erosion rate and hydrodynamic parameters of landslide accumulation slope in Wenchuan earthquake area
(2016) Acta Pedologica Sinica, 53 (2), pp. 375 - 387, Cited 6 times.
DOI: 10.11766/trxb201507240211
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85038901846&doi=10.11766%2Ftrxb201507240211&partnerID=40&md5=6b32afafcf6f57f2d1a134759ecdb316

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; College of Water Resources and Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Landslide accumulations in the earthquake area of Wenchuan are formed typically of mixtures of rock fragments and soil, loose in structure. Drastic rill or gully erosion tends to occur with rainfall runoff, thus leading to grave soil and water loss. Therefore it is of great importance to launch a study on rules of water and sediment transport with runoff on landslide accumulation slopes. Based on field investigation, an indoor scouring experiment, designed to have 4 treatments in rock fragment and soil ratio (0:1,1:3, 1:2 and 1:1),3 treatments in water flow rate (4,8 and 12 L min-1) and 2 treatments in nearest dwell angle (34° and 36°) was carried out to study variations of soil erosion rate and hydrodynamic parameters and their relationships on landslide accumulation slopes in the Wenchuan earthquake area. Results show that with the souring experiment going on, the soil erosion rate, flowing power and specific flowing power gradually decreased, while water flow shear force increased at first then decreased, and specific energy at water flow cross-section decreased at first, then increased and decreased at last. On slopes,0:1,1:3 and 1:1 in rock/soil ratio, soil erosion rate, water flow shear force, flowing power, and specific energy at water flow cross-section, increased with increasing water flow rate, but on slopes,1:2 in rock/soil ratio, only soil erosion rate increased with increasing water flow rate and the other indices varied irregularly. In this study, the effects of water flow shear force, flowing power and specific energy at water flow cross-sectionon soil erosion rate could all be described with power function equations, and the effect of specific flowing power was not so obvious. All the findings in this study may help lay down a foundation for establishment of a model for predicting soil erosion on landslide accumulation slopes in the earthquake areas of Wenchuan. © © 2016 Acta Pedologica Sinica.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Earth-rock mixture; Hydrodynamic parameters; Soil erosion rate; Wenchuan earthquake
REFERENCES: Science Technology Review, (2009); 
Zhu, Yuanjun, Processes of rainfall infiltration and sediment yield in soils containing different rock fragment contents, Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 22, 2, pp. 64-67, (2006); 
Trans ASAE, (1965); 
An Approach to the Sediment Transport Problem from General Physics, (1966); 
Elliot, William J., A process-based rill erosion model, Transactions - American Society of Agricultural Engineers: General Edition, 36, 1, pp. 65-72, (1993); 
Nearing, Mark A., Soil erosion by surface water flow on a stony, semiarid hillslope, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 24, 8, pp. 677-686, (1999); 
Yang, Chih Ted, Theory of minimum rate of energy dissipation., American Society of Civil Engineers, Journal of the Hydraulics Division, 105, HY7, Proc. Paper, 14677, pp. 769-784, (1979); 
Erosion Transport and Deposition Processes, (1990); 
Acta Pedologica Sinica, (2000); 
Zhang, Guang Hui, Soil detachment by shallow flow, Transactions - American Society of Agricultural Engineers: General Edition, 45, 2, pp. 351-357, (2002)
PUBLISHER: Science Press bcanji@mail.sioc.ac.cn
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zheng, Z.J., Zeng, Y., Zhao, Y.J., Gao, W.W., Zhao, D., Wu, B.F.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zheng, Zhaoju (57192438747); Zeng, Yuan (56949561600); Zhao, Yujin (56449615400); Gao, Wenwen (57192436895); Zhao, Dan (55413878900); Wu, Bingfang (8318166100)
57192438747; 56949561600; 56449615400; 57192436895; 55413878900; 8318166100
Analysis of land cover changes in southwestern China since the 1990s
(2016) Shengtai Xuebao, 36 (23), pp. 7858 - 7869, Cited 19 times.
DOI: 10.5846/stxb201511102277
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85006427735&doi=10.5846%2Fstxb201511102277&partnerID=40&md5=38a4e683812a7715ebb2ca29a4ae5aae

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Southwestern China is an important ecological barrier and the major area supplying water to our country and most of East Asia. In light of the impacts of global change, rapid economic development, excessive resource utilization, and a series of ecological construction projects, land cover of southwestern China has changed significantly over the last 20 years. This has had great consequences for the eco-environment. After assessing land cover datasets of China in 1990, 2000, and 2010, we propose a land cover classification system that is appropriate for southwestern China. We analyze the spatial-temporal patterns, changing characteristics, and potential causes. In addition, we estimate fractional vegetation cover from 2000 to 2010 using the dimidiate pixel model, based on MODIS-NDVI data. Results show that; 1) in 2010, forest was the dominant land cover type, occupying 29.08%, followed by grassland, which covered 24.11%. 2) From 1990 to 2010, areas of forest, wetland, and artificial surface increased by 1.39%, 5.86% and 48.57%, respectively, but areas of shrubland, arable land, and barren land decreased by 2.21%, 2.88% and 0.64%, respectively. The conversion areas are mainly distributed in the regions where the ecological restoration programs are carried out, the urban circle, the earthquake stricken area, the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, the Three-River Headwater on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and the southern Yunan province. 3) The changes in fractional vegetation cover of forest, shrub and grassland showed an overall upward trend in 2000s, but forest and shrub showed a trend of degradation in the Wenchuan earthquake-stricken area, Hengduan Mountains, and southern Yunnan province; grassland also deteriorated in the southeastern Tibet Plateau and western Sichuan Plateau. In summary, in the last two decades, although climate change has affected land cover, policy regulation and economic driving forces are still the primary causes of land cover changes across southwestern China. © 2016, Ecological Society of China. All rights reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Change detection; Fractional vegetation cover; Land cover; Southwestern China
INDEX KEYWORDS: arable land; detection method; economic activity; economic development; environmental economics; forest ecosystem; global change; grassland; land cover; MODIS; NDVI; pixel; policy analysis; resource use; restoration ecology; satellite data; shrubland; vegetation cover; wetland; China
REFERENCES: Mooney, Harold A., Evolution of natural and social science interactions in global change research programs, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 110, SUPPL. 1, pp. 3665-3672, (2013); 
Hermans, Kathleen, Comparative assessment of CORINE2000 and GLC2000: Spatial analysis of land cover data for Europe, International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 9, 4, pp. 425-437, (2007); 
Feranec, Ján, Determining changes and flows in European landscapes 1990-2000 using CORINE land cover data, Applied Geography, 30, 1, pp. 19-35, (2010); 
Loveland, Thomas R., The igbp-dis global 1km land cover data set, discover: First results, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 18, 15, pp. 3289-3295, (1997); 
Xian, George Z., Updating the 2001 National Land Cover Database land cover classification to 2006 by using Landsat imagery change detection methods, Remote Sensing of Environment, 113, 6, pp. 1133-1147, (2009); 
Herold, M., Some challenges in global land cover mapping: An assessment of agreement and accuracy in existing 1 km datasets, Remote Sensing of Environment, 112, 5, pp. 2538-2556, (2008); 
Linking People Place and Policy, (2002); 
Chen, Jun, Global land cover mapping at 30 m resolution: A POK-based operational approach, ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 103, pp. 7-27, (2015); 
Liu, Jiyuan, Spatiotemporal characteristics, patterns, and causes of land-use changes in China since the late 1980s, Journal of Geographical Sciences, 24, 2, pp. 195-210, (2014); 
Zhang, Lei, Object-based approach to national land cover mapping using HJ satellite imagery, Journal of Applied Remote Sensing, 8, 1, (2014)
PUBLISHER: Ecological Society of China
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Sun, L.W., Shi, C.Q., Li, D.X., Zhao, T.N.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Sun, Liwen (57191997255); Shi, Changqing (55631815100); Li, Danxiong (55632203100); Zhao, Tingning (19934681100)
57191997255; 55631815100; 55632203100; 19934681100
Relationship between plant communities and environment after landslide of Wenchuan earthquake
(2016) Shengtai Xuebao, 36 (21), pp. 6794 - 6803, Cited 3 times.
DOI: 10.5846/stxb201505060936
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84995790718&doi=10.5846%2Fstxb201505060936&partnerID=40&md5=27719cdbc7bd42a9baec7d567598f1ab

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Combating, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, Beijing, China; Beijing Greensource Environment Plan & Design Institute Co. Ltd, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: To shorten the process of vegetation restoration on the landslide sites of Wenchuan Earthquake, this study explored the relationship between plant communities and environmental factors. A total of 29 sample plots in Beichuan, the area of earthquake that occurred on May 12, 2008, were selected to conduct vegetation investigation, adopting 10 environmental indicators that describe the terrain, location, and soil nutrient characteristics of plant communities. Two-way indicator species analysis, canonical correspondence analysis, de-trended correspondence analysis, and de-trended canonical correspondence analysis were used to analyze plant species, plant communities, and plant life styles. The results showed the following; 1) Plant communities within the study area were classified into nine types. 2) The first two axes representing plant species explained 21. 96% of the environmental factors; Axis 1 was related to pH, altitude, and soil texture, indicating the transformation from the secondary plant community to the primary plant community. By using detrended canonical correspondence analysis, the environmental variables explained 25. 7% of the ordination plant community, and Axis 1 showed a strong correlation with pH, altitude, and soil texture, demonstrating that plant community composition varied from drought and barren resistant plants to artificial or pioneer plants and to intact vegetation. Axis 2 correlated with soil organic matter, total nitrogen content, and slope direction, illustrating the change in plant communities from herbaceous plant community to tree-shrub-grass or shrub-grass type of vegetation. 3) Plant community composition on the landslide sites was significantly different from that of intact forest sites. © 2016 Ecological Society of China. All rights reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Downward trend canonical correspondence analysis; Environmental variables; Plant communities; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: community composition; correspondence analysis; environmental factor; environmental indicator; environmental restoration; landslide; plant community; restoration ecology; Sichuan earthquake 2008; soil nutrient; soil organic matter; terrain; trend analysis; Beichuan; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Yang, Cunjian, The vegetation damage assessment of the Wenchuan earthquake of May 2008 using remote sensing and GIS, Natural Hazards, 62, 1, pp. 45-55, (2012); 
Lu, Tao, Monitoring vegetation recovery after China's May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake using Landsat TM time-series data: A case study in Mao County, Ecological Research, 27, 5, pp. 955-966, (2012); 
Walker, Lawrence R., Applying lessons from ecological succession to the restoration of landslides, Plant and Soil, 324, 1, pp. 157-168, (2009); 
Yin, Yueping, Landslide hazards triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China, Landslides, 6, 2, pp. 139-152, (2009); 
Yin, Yueping, Catastrophic landslides associated with the M8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 70, 1, pp. 15-32, (2011); 
Rubio, Agustín, Small-scale spatial soil-plant relationship in semi-arid gypsum environments, Plant and Soil, 220, 1-2, pp. 139-150, (2000); 
Fransen, Bart, Soil nutrient heterogeneity alters competition between two perennial grass species, Ecology, 82, 9, pp. 2534-2546, (2001)
PUBLISHER: Ecological Society of China
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Huang, R., Yu, B., Hu, W., Li, W., Fan, X., Tang, C., Xu, Q.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Huang, Runqiu (55835407700); Yu, Bin (37058094800); Hu, Wei (42361224100); Li, Weile (25936551300); Fan, Xuanmei (12752112800); Tang, Chuan (35932953300); Xu, Qiang (56506033600)
55835407700; 37058094800; 42361224100; 25936551300; 12752112800; 35932953300; 56506033600
The long-term geologic hazards and consequent risk after the Wenchuan earthquake
(2016), 1, pp. 233 - 258, Cited 12 times.
DOI: 10.1201/b21520-21
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84987665791&doi=10.1201%2Fb21520-21&partnerID=40&md5=bb84e5bf5ad871cdabe00b2cc10bf985

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection (SKLGP), Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: The devastating 2008 Wenchuan earthquake (Mw 7.9) was the largest seismic event in China in more than 50 years. Earthquake hazard is not equally distributed in space and time, nor does it end when ground shaking stops, instead there is a hazard chain involving the mainshock, aftershocks, and subsequent climatic events. The Wenchuan earthquake triggered more than 60,000 landslides over a broad area, out of which more than 500 dammed rivers, posing severe threatens to downstream settlements. After the earthquake, the regions of strong shaking have experienced several heavy rainstorms that induced a number of catastrophic landslides and debris flows. Post-earthquake debris flows commonly initiate from material loosened by earthquake ground motions or deposited on hillslopes by earthquakeinduced landslides. Earthquake-enhanced landsliding and sedimentation creates a persistent, low-magnitude hazard that can last for at least a decade, jeopardizing recovery. Predicting the post-earthquake hazard (landslides and debris flows) and assessing their long-term effect and risk are still of great concern and remain as a main challenge, due in part to a lack of empirical data of sufficient temporal resolution. This study aims to summarize the work of SKLGP (State Key laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection) on the long-term geologic hazards after the Wenchuan earthquake with special focus on the mechanism and hazard assessment of post-earthquake debris flows. Cases studies on the representative post-seismic geohazards area were presented in this study. The distribution and evolution of geohazards in the post Wenchuan earthquake area were discussed. The initiation mechanisms of the post-earthquake debris were also studied. The effect of earthquakes on the rainfall threshold of debris flow was discussed. We also highlight the future research on risk assessment on management with the eventual goal of enhancing resilience. © 2016 Associazione Geotecnica Italiana, Rome, Italy.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flow; Long-term geohazard; Mechanism; Risk assessment; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Debris; Hazards; Landslides; Mechanisms; Risk assessment; Storms; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Catastrophic landslides; Debris flows; Earthquake ground motions; Earthquake-induced landslides; Geo hazards; Initiation mechanism; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes
REFERENCES: Annual Book of ASTM Standard, (2009); 
Armanini, Aronne, Rheological stratification in experimental free-surface flows of granular-liquid mixtures, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 532, pp. 269-319, (2005); 
Berti, Matteo, Experimental evidences and numerical modelling of debris flow initiated by channel runoff, Landslides, 2, 3, pp. 171-182, (2005); 
Cannon, Susan H., Wildfire-related debris-flow generation through episodic progressive sediment-bulking processes, western USA, International Conference on Debris-Flow Hazards Mitigation: Mechanics, Prediction, and Assessment, Proceedings, 1, pp. 71-82, (2003); 
Cannon, Susan H., Wildfire-related debris-flow initiation processes, Storm King Mountain, Colorado, Geomorphology, 39, 3-4, pp. 171-188, (2001); 
Liquefaction of Sands Harvard Soil Mechanics Series 87, (1969); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2013); 
Chen, Hongxin, Evolution of debris flow properties and physical interactions in debris-flow mixtures in the Wenchuan earthquake zone, Engineering Geology, 182, PB, pp. 136-147, (2014); 
Chen, Ningsheng, The critical rainfall characteristics for torrents and debris flows in the Wenchuan earthquake stricken area, Journal of Mountain Science, 6, 4, pp. 362-372, (2009); 
Coe, Jeffrey A., Initiation conditions for debris flows generated by runoff at Chalk Cliffs, central Colorado, Geomorphology, 96, 3-4, pp. 270-297, (2008)
PUBLISHER: Taylor and Francis Inc. 325 Chestnut St, Suite 800 Philadelphia PA 19106
CONFERENCE NAME: 12th International Symposium on Landslides, 2016
CONFERENCE DATE: 2016-06-12 through 2016-06-19
CONFERENCE LOCATION: Napoli
CONFERENCE CODE: 175519
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Hu, G.-S., Chen, N.-S., Iqbal, J.I., You, Y., Li, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Hu, Guisheng (35113314000); Chen, Ningsheng (8726157200); Iqbal, Javed Iqbal (57211431244); You, Yong (35811595800); Li, Jun (59651948200)
35113314000; 8726157200; 57211431244; 35811595800; 59651948200
Case study of the characteristics and dynamic process of July 10, 2013, catastrophic debris flows in Wenchuan county, China Características y procesos dinámicos de los catastróficos movimientos de detritos en el condado de Wenchuan, China, el 10 de julio de 2013 – Caso de estudio
(2016) Earth Sciences Research Journal, 20 (2), pp. E1 - E13, Cited 9 times.
DOI: 10.15446/esrj.v20n2.48026
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84986254019&doi=10.15446%2Fesrj.v20n2.48026&partnerID=40&md5=0f5b0320dbd4c70b661daa2e3590bd4d

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Department of Earth Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
ABSTRACT: The Wenchuan earthquake of May 12, 2008, generated a significant amount of loose solid material that can produce devastating debris flows. In the five years since the earthquake, there have been many large-scale individual and group catastrophic debris flows that have caused lots of damage to the resettled population and the reconstruction efforts. The reconstructed towns of Yingxiu, Yinxing and Miansi have suffered debris flows and other secondary disasters in the past five years and are still not out of danger in the future. A debris-flow catastrophic event hit four towns of Wenchuan County along the Duwen Highway, part of China’s National Highway 213, at midnight on July 10, 2013, following a local extreme rainfall of 176.2mm 24h-1. The debris flows occurred simultaneously along seven gullies. A total of 15000 people were affected due to the destruction of resettlement areas, factories, power stations, and houses. Because of this devastating event, traffic along the Duwen highway was completely disrupted during the disaster and recovery period. The present study focuses on the Lianshan Bridge debris flow gully; the disaster characteristics and cause of the debris flow were analyzed based on field investigations, remote sensing interpretation, and laboratory experiments. The particular dynamic parameters of the debris flow were calculated and analyzed including density, velocity, discharge, total volume and impact force. Also, the dynamic processes and changes that occurred in the debris flow were examined, and the block and burst characteristics of debris flow were studied based on statistical calculation and analysis dynamic characteristic parameters of debris flow. Finally, a program to prevent further debris flow was proposed according to the on-site investigation and based on the analysis of the features and dynamic processes of the debris flow. © 2016, Earth Sciences Research Journal. All rights reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flow; Dynamic process; Prevention and cure measures; The block and burst characteristics
INDEX KEYWORDS: catastrophic event; debris flow; disaster management; dynamic response; earthquake damage; extreme event; gully; precipitation intensity; reconstruction; road; Sichuan earthquake 2008; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Chen, Hongxin, Mechanisms and runout characteristics of the rainfall-triggered debris flow in Xiaojiagou in Sichuan Province, China, Natural Hazards, 62, 3, pp. 1037-1057, (2012); 
Chen, Hongxin, Hybrid simulation of the initiation and runout characteristics of a catastrophic debris flow, Journal of Mountain Science, 10, 2, pp. 219-232, (2013); 
Science in China Series E Technological Sciences, (2003); 
Chen, N. Sh, A great disastrous debris flow on 11 July 2003 in Shuikazi valley, Danba County, western Sichuan, China, Landslides, 2, 1, pp. 71-74, (2005); 
Chen, Ningsheng, Impact of earthquake on debris flows - A case study on the wenchuan earthquake, Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami, 5, 5, pp. 493-508, (2011); 
Chen, Ningsheng, The critical rainfall characteristics for torrents and debris flows in the Wenchuan earthquake stricken area, Journal of Mountain Science, 6, 4, pp. 362-372, (2009); 
Chen, N. Sh, A new total volume model of debris flows with intermittent surges: Based on the observations at Jiangjia Valley, southwest China, Natural Hazards, 56, 1, pp. 37-57, (2011); 
Cui, Peng, Prediction of debris-flow danger area by combining hydrological and inundation simulation methods, Journal of Mountain Science, 8, 1, pp. 1-9, (2011); 
Guzzetti, Fausto, The rainfall intensity-duration control of shallow landslides and debris flows: An update, Landslides, 5, 1, pp. 3-17, (2008); 
He, Siming, Simplified calculation of impact force of massive stone in debris flow, Journal of Natural Disasters, 18, 5, pp. 51-56, (2009)
PUBLISHER: Universidad Nacional de Colombia Career 45 No 26-85 Edifice Uriel Gutierrez
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Zhao, Q., Ding, Z., Han, G.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhao, Qihua (55547131555); Ding, Zihan (56883625800); Han, Gang (37261296400)
55547131555; 56883625800; 37261296400
Formation mechanism of the Hejiagou rock landslide triggered by Wenchuan earthquake
(2016), 3, pp. 1695 - 1698, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.1201/b21520-210
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84984861433&doi=10.1201%2Fb21520-210&partnerID=40&md5=952e76014c21e4caa19b913e24c781dc

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: A large number of geological disasters such as landslides, collapses and debris flows had been triggered by Wenchuan earthquake. The Hejiagou rock landslide located in Sichuan Province of China had been revealed as a typical high-speed rock landslide in May 2009. Analysis based on detailed filed survey demonstrates that the landslide which total volume is 200 × 103 m3 is composed of deluvium, residual deposit and intensive weathered bedrock (Ningqiang Formation of Siluric), and the sliding surface is located between intensive and moderate weathered bedrock. The formation process of the Hejiagou rock landslide has been identified through analysis of geological characteristics associated with kinetic process. First, the landslide composed of Quaternary deposits and intensive weathered bedrock had been upcasted and loosed by earthquake effect. After the mass had been thrown out by earthquake effect and gravity, the landslide slipped with high speed and finally accumulated at the export of the Hejiagou gully. © 2016 Associazione Geotecnica Italiana, Rome, Italy.
INDEX KEYWORDS: Deposits; Earthquake effects; Geology; Gravitation; Rocks; Formation mechanism; Formation process; Geological characteristics; Geological disaster; Quaternary deposits; Sichuan province; Weathered bedrock; Wenchuan Earthquake; Landslides
REFERENCES: Earth Science Frontiers, (2009); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2008); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2009); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2008); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2008); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2009); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2009)
PUBLISHER: Taylor and Francis Inc. 325 Chestnut St, Suite 800 Philadelphia PA 19106
CONFERENCE NAME: 12th International Symposium on Landslides, 2016
CONFERENCE DATE: 2016-06-12 through 2016-06-19
CONFERENCE LOCATION: Napoli
CONFERENCE CODE: 175519
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wang, Y., Li, X., He, J., Luo, Y., Lei, Q.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wang, Yunsheng (7601489707); Li, Xinze (56469846600); He, Jianxian (56942646200); Luo, Yonghong (55832604800); Lei, Qingxiong (57190967901)
7601489707; 56469846600; 56942646200; 55832604800; 57190967901
Features and evolution of Mahu landslide group, Sichuan
(2016), 3, pp. 2049 - 2052, Cited 1 times.
DOI: 10.1201/b21520-258
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84984857007&doi=10.1201%2Fb21520-258&partnerID=40&md5=9bba68b17946c784cf201ed45fe0b5ff

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: The bedding slope landslide is the main type among the landslides triggered by Wenchuan earthquake. Ancient seismic landslides of the bedding slope are worthy for investigation and study as they were large scales and made serious destruction. Based on the field investigation, the characteristics of Mahu landslide group has been revealed: (1) Five divisions can be identified according to the composition of the accumulation, weathering degree of the gravels. They were formed in different seismic events. (2) Five stages can be recognized, they are early Pleistocene, early middle Pleistocene, late middle Pleistocene, early Pleistocene and Holocene. (3) As the seepage deformation tends to be stable, the dam lake have lasted for thousands of years. © 2016 Associazione Geotecnica Italiana, Rome, Italy.
INDEX KEYWORDS: Earthquakes; Landslides; Early pleistocene; Field investigation; Middle Pleistocene; Seepage deformation; Seismic event; Seismic landslides; Weathering degree; Wenchuan Earthquake; Weathering
REFERENCES: Journal of Engineering Geology, (2015); 
Hu, Xiewen, Analysis of blocking river mechanism of Tangjiashan landslide and dam-breaking mode of its barrier dam, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 28, 1, pp. 181-189, (2009); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2010); 
Keefer, David K., LANDSLIDES CAUSED BY EARTHQUAKES., Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 95, 4, pp. 406-421, (1984); 
Luo, Yonghong, Monitoring result analysis of Lenzhuguan slope ground shock response of Lushan earthquake of Sichuan, China, Journal of Chengdu University of Technology (Science and Technology Edition), 40, 3, pp. 232-241, (2013); 
Qi, Shengwen, Spatial distribution analysis of landslides triggered by 2008.5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake, China, Engineering Geology, 116, 1-2, pp. 95-108, (2010); 
Wang, Gonghui, A large landslide triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan (M8.0) earthquake in Donghekou area: Phenomena and mechanisms, Engineering Geology, 182, PB, pp. 148-157, (2014); 
Wang, Yunsheng, Analysis of valley geomorphy in the Xiluodu section of Jinshajiang River in China, Journal of Chengdu University of Technology (Science and Technology Edition), 37, 6, pp. 625-631, (2010); 
Youd, T. Leslie, Landslides caused by earthquakes: Discussion, Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 96, 8, pp. 1091-1092, (1985); 
Yuan, Renmao, Mechanism of the Donghekou landslide triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake revealed by discrete element modeling, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 14, 5, pp. 1195-1205, (2014)
PUBLISHER: Taylor and Francis Inc. 325 Chestnut St, Suite 800 Philadelphia PA 19106
CONFERENCE NAME: 12th International Symposium on Landslides, 2016
CONFERENCE DATE: 2016-06-12 through 2016-06-19
CONFERENCE LOCATION: Napoli
CONFERENCE CODE: 175519
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Cui, S., Huang, R., Pei, X.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Cui, Shenghua (56660242900); Huang, Runqiu (55835407700); Pei, Xiangjun (14058672500)
56660242900; 55835407700; 14058672500
Geological causes of earthquake induced large landslide: Case study of Daguangbao landslide
(2016), 2, pp. 707 - 714, Cited 3 times.
DOI: 10.1201/b21520-81
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84984851127&doi=10.1201%2Fb21520-81&partnerID=40&md5=37c50a6a6aad62443c97d436d278b9eb

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: Daguangbao (DGB) landslide has a volume of 11.59 × 108 m3, which is the largest landslide triggered by 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. Its geological features are described in this paper. DGB region located in the middle of LMS fault belt is dominated by thrust faulting which resulted in regional thrusts and local imbricate structures. Site observation indicates that a bedding fault whose thickness is 3 meters is seated 400 meters below the landslide's surface on south of the mountain. In addition, three sets of dominant joints controlled by regional stress, two high gradient faults on the north and west of the mountain and the eastern steep slope incised by the river create a potential failure boundary. We summarized the geologic precondition for the earthquake-induced DGB landslide. © 2016 Associazione Geotecnica Italiana, Rome, Italy.
INDEX KEYWORDS: Earthquakes; Landslides; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Daguangbao landslides; Geological features; High gradient; Potential failures; Site observation; Steep slope; Thrust faulting; Faulting
REFERENCES: Chigira, Masahiro, Landslides induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China, Geomorphology, 118, 3-4, pp. 225-238, (2010); 
Hao, Ken Xiansheng, Coseismic surface-ruptures and crustal deformations of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake MW 7.9, China, Geophysical Research Letters, 36, 11, (2009); 
Huang, Runqiu, The landslide story, Nature Geoscience, 6, 5, pp. 325-326, (2013); 
Huang, Runqiu, Cataclastic characteristics and formation mechanism of rock mass in sliding zone of Daguangbao landslide, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 35, 1, pp. 1-15, (2016); 
Huang, Runqiu, The characteristics and failure mechanism of the largest landslide triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake, May 12, 2008, China, Landslides, 9, 1, pp. 131-142, (2012); 
Pei, Xiangjun, The rock mass cataclastic characteristics of daguangbao landslide and its engineering geological significance, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 34, pp. 3106-3115, (2015); 
Xu, Chong, Revisions of the M 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake seismic intensity map based on co-seismic landslide abundance, Natural Hazards, 69, 3, pp. 1459-1476, (2013); 
Xu, Qiang, Spatial distribution of large-scale landslides induced by the 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake, Journal of Mountain Science, 8, 2, pp. 246-260, (2011); 
Xu, Zhiqin Qin, Uplift of the Longmen Shan range and the Wenchuan earthquake, Episodes, 31, 3, pp. 291-301, (2008); 
Zhang, Yingbin Bin, Effects of near-fault seismic loadings on run-out of large-scale landslide: A case study, Engineering Geology, 166, pp. 216-236, (2013)
PUBLISHER: Taylor and Francis Inc. 325 Chestnut St, Suite 800 Philadelphia PA 19106
CONFERENCE NAME: 12th International Symposium on Landslides, 2016
CONFERENCE DATE: 2016-06-12 through 2016-06-19
CONFERENCE LOCATION: Napoli
CONFERENCE CODE: 175519
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Qu, Y., Tang, C., Bu, X., Xiang, G., Jia, T.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Qu, Yongping (56549385600); Tang, Chuan (35932953300); Bu, Xianghang (56660319500); Xiang, Guoping (57188724345); Jia, Tao (55835610000)
56549385600; 35932953300; 56660319500; 57188724345; 55835610000
Survey and analysis of the "7·04" river-blocking debris flow of Xiongjia Gully in Shimian county, Sichuan province
(2016) Shuili Xuebao/Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 47 (1), pp. 44 - 53, Cited 2 times.
DOI: 10.13243/j.cnki.slxb.20150625
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84962614415&doi=10.13243%2Fj.cnki.slxb.20150625&partnerID=40&md5=8ca5db0fc79d3c99c527b376443643ae

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: Since the "5·12" Wenchuan earthquake, the geological tectonic activities in Sichuan area have happened frequently. After the "4·20" Lushan earthquake, the geological disasters in Yaan district entered a frequent period. On July 4, 2013, a debris flow in Xiongjia gully was broken out at 20: 00, and the Zhuma River was blocked, which causes great economic loss and casualties. In order to study the river-blocking characteristics and the prevention measures of debris flow in Xiongjia gully, through field investigation, it is found that the longitudinal slope of terrain in alluvial fan zone increases suddenly, which triggers the mutations of debris flow movement in this area, because of the Shi-Gan highway and especially the river embankment engineering of the Zhuma River. This kind of debris flow is defined as an engineering increasing longitudinal slope type of river-blocking, according to the longitudinal slope variation characteristics of debris flow in the accumulation area. Investigating the changes of the provenance of pre and post the "7·04" debris flow in the study area, it is found that the average conversion rate of sediment source to debris flow is 0.307, and the debris flow provenance located in the downstream is eroded more easily. According to the screening test of deposits of up-water and under-water of debris flow, the flow density increased by 3%, and that the median diameter d60 increased by 3.4%. Using the Spss statistical software and theoretical analysis, the relationship has been obtained between debris flow velocity, flow and drainage basin, and its attenuation characteristics, which provide a certain gist for the debris flow type and its prevention and control in the study area. © 2016, China Water Power Press. All right reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Attenuation coefficient; Bulk density; Longitudinal slope; Median diameter; River-blocking
INDEX KEYWORDS: Catchments; Earthquakes; Flow velocity; Geology; Geophysics; Landforms; Losses; Rivers; Attenuation characteristics; Attenuation coefficient; Bulk density; Longitudinal slope; Median diameters; Prevention and controls; Prevention measures; Statistical software; Debris
PUBLISHER: China Water Power Press
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Hu, M., Xie, M.-W., Wang, L.-W.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Hu, Man (55982016200); Xie, Mowen (7202255467); Wang, Liwei (36704169800)
55982016200; 7202255467; 36704169800
SPH simulations of post-failure flow of landslides using elastic-plastic soil constitutive model
(2016) Yantu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 38 (1), pp. 58 - 67, Cited 16 times.
DOI: 10.11779/CJGE201601005
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84962585036&doi=10.11779%2FCJGE201601005&partnerID=40&md5=000554fde87dc79bb1323e72051663d7

AFFILIATIONS: College of Engineering and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China; School of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, China
ABSTRACT: Modeling of post-failure flow of landslides is one of the important approaches that can be used to simulate landslide flow development and predict the landslide hazard zone. A Smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) model based on the constitution of elastic-plastic constitutive mechanics for soil is developed for simulating the behavior of a class of geo-materials. The SPH soil model considers the plastic behavior of the materials, and hence it is very important for more accurate and realistic simulations of geo-materials of soil type. The implemented material laws in the SPH soil code include classical elastic-plasticity with a linear elastic part, and different applicable yield surfaces with non-associated flow rules. In order to apply the SPH method to actual landslide modeling, the geographic information system (GIS) is utilized to generate site-specific models. Thus a C# code is developed to generate the particles of a given landslide site, which produces realistic particle mass and actual complicated boundaries for the SPH soil model. With GIS enabled, complex topography and irregular boundary can be accurately and easily generated. To improve the accuracy of such a complicated landslide simulation, a modified approach is proposed to implement the complex topography representation of landslide mass and the effective treatments of the irregular and complicated boundaries generated from the GIS. The SPH soil code is applied to the well-known Daguangbao landslide triggered by Wenchuan Earthquake in 2008. The topographies after failure are compared with those obtained from field collected data, and good agreement is found. © 2016, Chinese Society of Civil Engineering. All right reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Elastic-plastic constitutive soil; Geographic information system; Landslide; Simulation; Smoothed particle hydrodynamics
INDEX KEYWORDS: Codes (symbols); Earthquakes; Elastoplasticity; Fluid dynamics; Geographic information systems; Information systems; Landslides; Soils; Topography; Complex topographies; Daguangbao landslides; Elastic-Plastic; Elastic-plastic soils; Non-associated flow rule; Realistic simulation; Simulation; Smoothed particle hydrodynamics; Hydrodynamics
REFERENCES: Duncan, James Michael, State of the art: Limit equilibrium and finite-element analysis of slopes, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering - ASCE, 122, 7, pp. 577-596, (1996); 
Hammouri, Nezar Atalla, Stability analysis of slopes using the finite element method and limiting equilibrium approach, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 67, 4, pp. 471-478, (2008); 
Scavia, Claudio, A method for the study of crack propagation in rock structures, Geotechnique, 45, 3, pp. 447-463, (1995); 
Eberhardt, Erick, Numerical analysis of initiation and progressive failure in natural rock slopes-the 1991 Randa rockslide, International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 41, 1, pp. 69-87, (2004); 
Mishra, Barada Kanta, The discrete element method for the simulation of ball mills, Applied Mathematical Modelling, 16, 11, pp. 598-604, (1992); 
Shi, Genhua, DISCONTINUOUS DEFORMATION ANALYSIS., pp. 269-277, (1984); 
Belytschko, T., Element‐free Galerkin methods, International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 37, 2, pp. 229-256, (1994); 
Cellular Automata Modeling of Physical Systems, (1998); 
Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics A Meshfree Particle Method, (2003); 
McDougall, Scott D., A model for the analysis of rapid landslide motion across three-dimensional terrain, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 41, 6, pp. 1084-1097, (2004)
PUBLISHER: Chinese Society of Civil Engineering
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Jin, Z., West, A.J., Zhang, F., An, Z., Hilton, R.G., Yu, J., Wang, J., Li, G., Deng, L., Wang, X.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Jin, Zhangdong (7403625767); West, Alison Joshua (26538380300); Zhang, Fei (55195292000); An, Zhisheng (57196890224); Hilton, Robert G. (24385259400); Yu, Jimin (56874090500); Wang, Jin (58465079600); Li, Gen (56127683700); Deng, Li (56625470200); Wang, Xulong (57192633421)
7403625767; 26538380300; 55195292000; 57196890224; 24385259400; 56874090500; 58465079600; 56127683700; 56625470200; 57192633421
Seismically enhanced solute fluxes in the Yangtze River headwaters following the A.D. 2008 Wenchuan earthquake
(2016) Geology, 44 (1), pp. 47 - 50, Cited 42 times.
DOI: 10.1130/G37246.1
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84953432300&doi=10.1130%2FG37246.1&partnerID=40&md5=91be800bc6797ff9a8dcc161e2a675f6

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Earth Environment, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Department of Earth Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Geography, Durham University, Durham, County Durham, United Kingdom; Research School of Earth Sciences, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
ABSTRACT: Large earthquakes alter physical and chemical processes at Earth's surface, triggering landslides, fracturing rock, changing large-scale permeability, and influencing hydrologic pathways. The resulting effects on global chemical cycles are not fully known. Here we show changes in the dissolved chemistry of the Min Jiang, a river in the Yangtze River (China) headwaters, following the A.D. 2008 M<inf>w</inf> 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake. Total solute fluxes transported by the Min Jiang increased after the earthquake, accompanied by an ~4× increase in Na*/Ca ratios (where Na* is Na+ corrected for atmospheric and evaporite contributions) and a 0.000644 ± 0.000146 increase in 87Sr/86Sr isotopic ratios. These changes are consistent with enhanced contribution from silicate sources. We infer that the CO<inf>2</inf> consumption rate via silicate- derived alkalinity increased 4.3 ± 0.4 times. If similar changes are associated with other large earthquakes, enhanced solute export could directly link tectonic activity with weathering and alkalinity fluxes that supply nutrients to ecosystems, influence seawater chemistry evolution, and steer Earth's long-term carbon cycle and climate. © 2015 The Authors.
INDEX KEYWORDS: Alkalinity; Carbon; Carbon dioxide; Earth (planet); Geophysics; pH; Rivers; Silicates; Sodium; Weathering; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Dissolved chemistry; Hydrologic pathways; Large earthquakes; Large-scale permeability; Seawater chemistry; Tectonic activity; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes; alkalinity; carbon dioxide; headwater; isotopic ratio; river flow; seismicity; Sichuan earthquake 2008; solute transport; tectonic setting; weathering rate; China; Min River [Sichuan]; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Global Environment Water Air and Geochemical Cycles, (1996); 
Phanerozoic Carbon Cycle Co2 and O2, (2004); 
Claesson, Lillemor, Hydrogeochemical changes before and after a major earthquake, Geology, 32, 8, pp. 641-644, (2004); 
Edmond, John M., Himalayan tectonics, weathering processes, and the strontium isotope record in marine limestones, Science, 258, 5088, pp. 1594-1597, (1992); 
Emberson, Robert A., Chemical weathering in active mountain belts controlled by stochastic bedrock landsliding, Nature Geoscience, 9, 1, pp. 42-45, (2016); 
Gaillardet, Jérôme, Global silicate weathering and CO2 consumption rates deduced from the chemistry of large rivers, Chemical Geology, 159, 1-4, pp. 3-30, (1999); 
Godsey, Sarah E., Concentration-discharge relationships reflect chemostatic characteristics of US catchments, Hydrological Processes, 23, 13, pp. 1844-1864, (2009); 
Huh, Youngsook, Estimation of atmospheric CO2 uptake by silicate weathering in the Himalayas and the Tibetan Plateau: A review of existing fluvial geochemical data, Geological Society Special Publication, 342, pp. 129-151, (2010); 
Li, Gen, Seismic mountain building: Landslides associated with the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in the context of a generalized model for earthquake volume balance, Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 15, 4, pp. 833-844, (2014); 
Mäher, Kate M., Hydrologic regulation of chemical weathering and the geologic, Science, 343, 6178, pp. 1502-1504, (2014)
PUBLISHER: Geological Society of America member@geosociety.org
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Guo, X., Cui, P., Li, Y., Fan, J., Yan, Y., Ge, Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Guo, Xiaojun (55636231600); Cui, Peng (56706923500); Li, Yong (56044366400); Fan, Jianglin (57037473100); Yan, Yan (57203541892); Ge, Yonggang (26039083000)
55636231600; 56706923500; 56044366400; 57037473100; 57203541892; 26039083000
Temporal differentiation of rainfall thresholds for debris flows in Wenchuan earthquake-affected areas
(2016) Environmental Earth Sciences, 75 (2), art. no. 109, pp. 1 - 12, Cited 26 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s12665-015-5031-1
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84953321687&doi=10.1007%2Fs12665-015-5031-1&partnerID=40&md5=d835b0bf30f91e8bbe5f6df15767d966

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Asian Network on Debris Flow, Chengdu, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; CAS Center for Excellence & Innovation in Tibetan Plateau Earth System Sciences, Shantou, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: The Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake greatly altered the threshold for rainfall-triggered debris flows in the affected areas. It is of both scientific and practical significance to determine the rainfall thresholds. This study examines one of the regions most prone to debris flows to analyze the characteristics of rainfall that caused debris flows, and to explore local rainfall thresholds. We applied the relation between rainfall intensity and duration, peak intensity and event amount, and other single factor approaches. Comparison of effectiveness and accuracy indicates that the event rainfall is the most sensitive factor for forecasting. Analysis of the annual rainfall thresholds showed that the rainfall conditions required for debris flows have increased on the continent during the past 6 years. Besides the rainfall fluctuations over the past few years, material changes were the primary reason for threshold variability. Recovery of vegetation plays an important role in reducing potential loose material that supplies volume for debris flows. Natural solidification, decrease of the potential erosion depth, and surface coarsening make it more difficult to initiate a debris flow, and ultimately increased rainfall conditions required. The change in rainfall thresholds can be predicted and verified for the entire earthquake-affected region. © 2015, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flows; Event rainfall; Loose material; Rainfall intensity; Wenchuan earthquake area
INDEX KEYWORDS: Debris; Earthquakes; Geophysics; Annual rainfall; Debris flows; Loose materials; Rainfall condition; Rainfall intensity; Rainfall thresholds; Surface-coarsening; Wenchuan Earthquake; Rain; debris flow; precipitation intensity; recovery; Sichuan earthquake 2008; solidification; temporal analysis; threshold; vegetation; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Aleotti, Pietro, A warning system for rainfall-induced shallow failures, Engineering Geology, 73, 3-4, pp. 247-265, (2004); 
Brunetti, Maria Teresa, Rainfall thresholds for the possible occurrence of landslides in Italy, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 10, 3, pp. 447-458, (2010); 
Caine, Nel, The rainfall intensity-duration control of shallow landslides and debris flows., Geografiska Annaler, Series A: Physical Geography, 62, 1-2, pp. 23-27, (1980); 
Cannon, Susan H., Storm rainfall conditions for floods and debris flows from recently burned areas in southwestern Colorado and southern California, Geomorphology, 96, 3-4, pp. 250-269, (2008); 
Coe, Jeffrey A., Initiation conditions for debris flows generated by runoff at Chalk Cliffs, central Colorado, Geomorphology, 96, 3-4, pp. 270-297, (2008); 
Chinese Science Bulletin, (1992); 
Cui, Peng, Relationships between antecedent rainfall and debris flows in Jiangjia Ravine, China, International Conference on Debris-Flow Hazards Mitigation: Mechanics, Prediction, and Assessment, Proceedings, pp. 3-10, (2007); 
Cui, Peng, The Wenchuan Earthquake (May 12, 2008), Sichuan Province, China, and resulting geohazards, Natural Hazards, 56, 1, pp. 19-36, (2011); 
Cui, Peng, Risk assessment of simultaneous debris flows in mountain townships, Progress in Physical Geography, 37, 4, pp. 516-542, (2013); 
Dahal, Ranjan Kumar, Representative rainfall thresholds for landslides in the Nepal Himalaya, Geomorphology, 100, 3-4, pp. 429-443, (2008)
PUBLISHER: Springer Verlag service@springer.de
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Xu, Q., Li, Y., Zhang, S., Dong, X.J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Xu, Qiang (56506033600); Li, Yanrong (55387899600); Zhang, Shuai (55092670700); Dong, Xiujun (15758927100)
56506033600; 55387899600; 55092670700; 15758927100
Classification of large-scale landslides induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, China
(2016) Environmental Earth Sciences, 75 (1), art. no. 22, pp. 1 - 12, Cited 43 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s12665-015-4773-0
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84950317409&doi=10.1007%2Fs12665-015-4773-0&partnerID=40&md5=855029452614e7310930a2aaffcadbf0

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; College of Mining Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China; Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
ABSTRACT: Over 30,000 landslides were triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. The deformation and failure mechanisms of these landslides have been found distinct from those of general landslides self-weight induced. Under gravity, typical sliding in rock slope commonly occurs along a gentle tension crack in some depth at the rear part, which connects to a shear plane at the lower part of the slope to form a complete failure surface. However, due to seismic shaking, a much deeper and steeper tension crack tends to develop at the rear part, which promotes the shearing at the far lower part of the slope. In this paper, the failure modes of earthquake-induced landslides have been classified into four scenarios, in terms of failure mechanisms, characteristics of geological structures, and development of the sliding surface, i.e., tension-strike slipping, tension-dip layering, tension-shattering, and tension-shearing failures. This is evidenced by field investigations. Detailed field investigations were performed on the deformation and failure characteristics of large-scale and deep-seated landslides induced by the Wenchuan earthquake, among which five typical landslides are introduced in this paper in order to illustrate the classification. © 2015, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Failure mechanism; Landslide; Slope; Tension-shearing failure; The Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Anchorages (foundations); Cracks; Deformation; Earthquakes; Geophysics; Landslides; Shearing; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Deformation and failure mechanism; Deformation and failures; Earthquake-induced landslides; Failure mechanism; Large-scale landslides; Slope; Wenchuan Earthquake; Failure (mechanical); classification; deformation mechanism; earthquake trigger; failure mechanism; induced seismicity; landslide; shear stress; Sichuan earthquake 2008; sliding; slope failure; strike-slip fault; tension; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Assessment of Landslide Hazards Resulting from the February 13 2001 Ei Salvador Earthquakea Report to the Government of Ei Salvador and the U S Agency for International Development U S Geological Survey Open File Report 01 0119 Version 1, (2001); 
Khazai, Bijan, Evaluation of factors controlling earthquake-induced landslides caused by Chi-Chi earthquake and comparison with the Northridge and Loma Prieta events, Engineering Geology, 71, 1-2, pp. 79-95, (2004); 
Bommer, Julian J., Earthquake-induced landslides in Central America, Engineering Geology, 63, 3-4, pp. 189-220, (2002); 
Pp 537 572, (1971); 
Environ Earth Sci, (2013); 
Michael J. Crozier, Michael J., Investigation of earthquake triggering for deep-seated landslides, Taranaki, New Zealand, Quaternary International, 25, C, pp. 65-73, (1995); 
Cui, Peng, Landslide-dammed lake at Tangjiashan, Sichuan province, China (triggered by the Wenchuan Earthquake, May 12, 2008): Risk assessment, mitigation strategy, and lessons learned, Environmental Earth Sciences, 65, 4, pp. 1055-1065, (2012); 
Fukuoka, Hiroshi, Earthquake-induced rapid long-traveling flow phenomenon: May 2003 Tsukidate landslide in Japan, Landslides, 1, 2, pp. 151-155, (2004); 
Hu, Xiewen, Analysis of blocking river mechanism of Tangjiashan landslide and dam-breaking mode of its barrier dam, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 28, 1, pp. 181-189, (2009); 
Huang, Runqiu, Mechanism and geomechanical modes of landslide hazards triggered by Wenchuan 8.0 earthquake, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 28, 6, pp. 1239-1249, (2009)
PUBLISHER: Springer Verlag service@springer.de
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Mai, J.-S., Zhao, T.N., Zheng, J.-K., Shi, C.Q.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Mai, Jishan (57021053900); Zhao, Tingning (19934681100); Zheng, Jiangkun (36619960900); Shi, Changqing (55631815100)
57021053900; 19934681100; 36619960900; 55631815100
Spatial variability of surface soil nutrients in the landslide area of Beichuan County, Southwest China, after 5·12 Wenchuan Earthquake
(2015) Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 26 (12), pp. 3588 - 3594, Cited 4 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84973408173&partnerID=40&md5=6531e28676aa05ac3ddf84b138c51b9d

AFFILIATIONS: College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, China; School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Based on grid sampling and laboratory analysis, spatial variability of surface soil nutrients was analyzed with GS+ and other statistics methods on the landslide area of Fenghuang Mountain, Leigu Town, Beichuan County. The results showed that except for high variability of available phosphorus, other soil nutrients exhibited moderate variability. The ratios of nugget to sill of the soil available phosphorus and soil organic carbon were 27.9% and 28.8%, respectively, showing moderate spatial correlation, while the ratios of nugget to sill of the total nitrogen (20.0%), total phosphorus (24.3%), total potassium (11.1%), available nitrogen (11.2%), and available potassium (22.7%) suggested strong spatial correlation. The total phosphorus had the maximum range (1232.7 m), followed by available nitrogen (541.27 m), total nitrogen (468.35 m), total potassium (136.0 m), available potassium (128.7 m), available phosphorus (116.6 m), and soil organic carbon (93.5 m). Soil nutrients had no significant variation with the increase of altitude, but gradually increased from the landslide area, the transition area, to the little-impacted area. The total and available phosphorus contents of the landslide area decreased by 10.3% and 79.7% compared to that of the little-impacted area, respectively. The soil nutrient contents in the transition area accounted for 31.1%-87.2% of that of the little-impacted area, with the least and largest reductions in total and available phosphorus contents, respectively. The disturbance by earthquake landslide was the dominant reason for the spatial variability of surface soil nutrients. © 2015, Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology. All right reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: "5·12" Wenchuan earthquake; Geostatistics; Landslide; Soil nutrient; Spatial variability
INDEX KEYWORDS: concentration (composition); geostatistics; landslide; nitrogen; phosphorus; potassium; sampling; Sichuan earthquake 2008; soil carbon; soil nutrient; soil organic matter; spatial variation; Beichuan; China; Fenghuang; Hunan; Sichuan; carbon; soil; chemistry; earthquake; spatial analysis; Carbon; Earthquakes; Landslides; Nitrogen; Phosphorus; Potassium; Soil; Spatial Analysis
CHEMICALS/CAS: carbon, 7440-44-0; nitrogen, 7727-37-9; phosphorus, 7723-14-0; potassium, 7440-09-7; Carbon; Nitrogen; Phosphorus; Potassium; Soil
REFERENCES: Geological Review, (2010); 
Building Structure, (2013); 
Acta Prataculturae Sinica, (2002); 
Wu, Cong, Effect of wenchuan earthquake on soil physical and chemical properties of the Longmen Mountain, Southwestern China, Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology, 18, 6, pp. 911-916, (2012); 
Cheng, Song, Impacts of Wenchuan Earthquake-induced landslides on soil physical properties and tree growth, Ecological Indicators, 15, 1, pp. 263-270, (2012); 
Zhang, Wei, Spatial variability of soil nutrients on hillslope in typical karst peak-cluster depression areas, Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 24, 1, pp. 68-73, (2008); 
Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, (2005); 
Ettema, Christien H., Spatial soil ecology, Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 17, 4, pp. 177-183, (2002); 
Zhang, Yuming, Spatial variability of farmland soil nutrients at Taihang piedmont, Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 15, 11, pp. 2049-2054, (2004); 
Jiang, Yong, Spatial variability of soil nutrients in cultivated surface soil of Sujiatun District, Shenyang City, Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 14, 10, pp. 1673-1676, (2003)
PUBLISHER: Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology zxs@jae.ac.cn
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Li, Y.-H., Jiang, H.-C., Xu, H.-Y., Liang, L.-J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Li, Yanhao (55854376500); Jiang, Hanchao (57135637700); Xu, Hongyan (36700723300); Liang, Lianji (49963810200)
55854376500; 57135637700; 36700723300; 49963810200
Analyses on the triggering facrors of large quantities of landslides in the upper reaches of the Minjiang River, Sichuan province
(2015) Dizhen Dizhi, 37 (4), pp. 1147 - 1161, Cited 15 times.
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2015.04.017
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84959041333&doi=10.3969%2Fj.issn.0253-4967.2015.04.017&partnerID=40&md5=37a1363db33778cf4d7b19dec541211b

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Over the past geological and historical period, tens of thousands of landslides occurred in the upper reaches of the Minjiang River, an area which is characterized by alpine valleys and has been densely populated over the past several hundreds of years. Discussing the triggering factor of these landslides is of great significance to geological hazard mitigation and prevention in this region. In this paper, we focus on four aspects of regional rainfall, shape features of landslide slopes, the corresponding relationship between landslide area and earthquake magnitude, and the recurring features of the reconstructed palaeoearthquake record at Diexi. Compared with those in Nepal, both mean seasonal rainfall accumulation and mean daily rainfall for the past 30 years are too low to reach the threshold values triggering landslides in the upper reaches of the Minjiang River. Secondly, landslides in the study area are usually absent of inner gorges(canyon topography)on the hillslope toes, which are confirmed in previous studies as typical features of landslides triggered by storms. Thirdly, wide distribution of the landslides in the study area supports our notion of earthquake-triggering because the landslides triggered by storms commonly distribute locally. Fourthly, periodicity analysis of the reconstructed palaeoearthquake record at Diexi provides a few cycles of twenty to thirty years, possibly corresponding to the earthquakes of magnitudes>5.0 or 5.5 which are believed to have caused soft-sediment deformation in the study area. In contrast, like the 2008 M<inf>S</inf>8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, the average recurrence interval of the large earthquakes in the study area is 2.6 ka. They caused tens of thousands of landslides and provided more coarse silt particles for the nearby lake sediments at least in 330 years for each time. This is consistent with exponential increase of earthquake magnitude from large to medium and of the landslide area with the increased earthquake magnitude. To sum up, we suggest that tens of thousands of landslides in the upper reaches of the Minjiang River were most likely triggered by earthquakes instead of storms. This preliminary viewpoint needs further examination in the future. © 2015, Editorial Office of Seismology and Geology. All right reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Earthquake; Landslide mechanism; Recurrence interval; Shape features of landslide slopes; Storm; Upper reaches of the Minjiang River
INDEX KEYWORDS: Geology; Geophysics; Landslides; Rain; Rivers; Storms; Earthquake magnitudes; Earthquake triggering; Exponential increase; Landslide mechanism; Minjiang River; Recurrence intervals; Shape features; Soft-sediment deformation; Earthquakes; alpine environment; earthquake magnitude; earthquake trigger; geological hazard; historical record; landslide; mitigation; reconstruction; recurrence interval; Sichuan earthquake 2008; storm; valley; China; Min River [Sichuan]; Nepal; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology, (2007); 
Geological Science and Technology Information, (2009); 
Advance in Earth Sciences, (2025); 
Huang, Runqiu, Large-scale landslides and their sliding mechanisms in China since the 20th century, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 26, 3, pp. 433-454, (2007); 
Journal of Geological Hazards and Environment Preservation, (2009); 
Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control, (1995); 
Li, Xiao, Coupling effect mechanism of endogenic and exogenic geological processes of geological hazards evolution, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 27, 9, pp. 1792-1806, (2008); 
Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control, (2004); 
Journal of Geological Hazards and Environment Preservation, (2001); 
Journal of Catastrophology, (2001)
PUBLISHER: State Seismology Administration
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Pei, Z., Huang, R., Xu, Q., Pei, X.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Pei, Zuan (56637743700); Huang, Runqiu (55835407700); Xu, Qiang (56506033600); Pei, Xiangjun (14058672500)
56637743700; 55835407700; 56506033600; 14058672500
The mechanic model of tension-shearing landslide triggered by Wenchuan Earthquake
(2015) Chemical Engineering Transactions, 46, pp. 709 - 714, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.3303/CET1546119
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84956989243&doi=10.3303%2FCET1546119&partnerID=40&md5=7b4f3ec1e319fd8f655b6c15c08b0033

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: Under complex geologic conditions, the Wenchuan Earthquake, with its high magnitude and unusually long duration of shock, has triggered massive landslides. Based on the field work of investigation and referring to the literature concerned, the present study concludes that the Zhengjiashan landslide is of type I mechanical failure. The Zhengjiashan landslide is triggered by the forceful dynamic shock of the "5.12" Wenchuan Earthquake. Over 2 million cubes slid at high speed caused by shattered and tension rock mass shearing the leading edge of the locking-up area, and rushed the school and farmhouses in the leading-edge body, causing 33 deaths including 12 students, 2 teachers and 19 farmers. It was, then, blocked by the opposite mountain mass when entering into the Ziku River and formed a barrier lake after the concussion and accumulation. The landslip is a typical earthquake-triggered tension-shearing landslide, characterized by high-speed slide-falling with strong dynamic force that can grow into smooth slide bed near the causative fault and bedding fau It. © © 2015, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l.
INDEX KEYWORDS: Anchorages (foundations); Dynamics; Failure (mechanical); Geophysics; Landslides; Locks (fasteners); Shearing; Teaching; Barrier lakes; Dynamic forces; Field works; Geologic conditions; Long duration; Mechanic model; Mechanical failures; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes
REFERENCES: Journal of Mountain Science, (2008); 
Geological Hazard and Environmental Protection, (2000); 
Catastrophic Landslides in China, (2008); 
Huang, Runqiu, Mechanism and geomechanical modes of landslide hazards triggered by Wenchuan 8.0 earthquake, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 28, 6, pp. 1239-1249, (2009); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2008); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2025); 
Journal of Geological Hazards and Environment Preservation, (2010); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2010); 
Science Technology Review, (2009); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2008)
PUBLISHER: Italian Association of Chemical Engineering - AIDIC aidic@aidic.it
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wan, B., Zhao, Y., Wang, N., Hu, Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wan, Baohua (56841200600); Zhao, Yixin (57218490534); Wang, Ning (57217608985); Hu, Yanzhi (57030805900)
56841200600; 57218490534; 57217608985; 57030805900
Study on the impact of earthquakes and precipitation on slope stability
(2015) World Earthquake Engineering, 31 (4), pp. 165 - 169, Cited 2 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84952651509&partnerID=40&md5=6b57ef99ee7b4559e6b29eebd56dfc24

AFFILIATIONS: School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology, Beijing, Beijing, China; School of Resource and Safety Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology, Beijing, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: This paper introduces the background of project for slope and current situation of landslide for the slope of wenchuan earthquake zone, study the effects of seismic and precipitation coupling effect on slope stability. We explored application possibility of reinforced retaining wall in seismic zone, calculated slope stability Using SLIDE software based on limit equilibrium method under different working conditions and analyzed the different reinforcement scheme will effect the performance of the reinforced retaining wall. Studies have shown that under the action of earthquake, original structure of slope soil was destroyed under the earthquake, the soil becomes relatively loose, even produced tension crack, provides channels for the infiltration of rainwater, adversely affected on stability of the slope. Numerical simulation calculation resulted, the slope under the condition of drainage wad in limit equilibrium state, most dangerous sliding surface located in the upper slope, but risk of the sliding surface area obviously decrease compared to the slope under saturated condition, And reasonable cutting slope, establishing an effective slope drainage system and reinforcement through reinforced retaining wall can largely improve the slope stability. © 2015, Science Press. All right reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Earthquakes and precipitation; Numerical simulation; Reinforced retaining wall; Slope; Slope stability
INDEX KEYWORDS: landslide; numerical model; precipitation (climatology); reinforcement; retaining wall; seismic hazard; seismic zone; slope stability; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Huang, Runqiu, Large-scale landslides and their sliding mechanisms in China since the 20th century, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 26, 3, pp. 433-454, (2007); 
Chen, Guoqing, Stability analysis of slope based on dynamic and whole strength reduction methods, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 33, 2, pp. 243-256, (2014); 
Zheng, Yingren, Development and application of numerical limit analysis for geological materials, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 31, 7, pp. 1297-1316, (2012); 
Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, (2002); 
Wang, Guangjin, Research on particle size grading and slope stability analysis of super-high dumping site, Yantu Lixue/Rock and Soil Mechanics, 32, 3, pp. 905-921, (2011); 
Stability Analysis of Soil Slopes Theory Methods and Programs, (2003); 
Wang, Xuchun, Study on stability of open-pit mine slope and sensitivity of rock mass parameters, Meitan Xuebao/Journal of the China Coal Society, 36, 11, pp. 1806-1811, (2011); 
Janbu, Nilmar, SLOPE STABILITY COMPUTATIONS., pp. 47-86, (1973); 
Wang, Xuchun, Study on steep slope stability of coal mine under open-pit and underground mining, 2, pp. 1573-1577, (2011); 
Peng, Syd S., Slope stability under the influence of ground subsidence due to longwall mining, Mining Science and Technology, 8, 2, pp. 89-95, (1989)
PUBLISHER: Science and Technology Periodical Press dying@UP369.com
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Fang, Q., Tang, C., Cheng, X., Wang, S., Zhang, W., Bu, X.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Fang, Qunsheng (57022933100); Tang, Chuan (35932953300); Cheng, Xiao (57022653700); Wang, Shuaiyong (57022693100); Zhang, Weixu (57022558300); Bu, Xianghang (56660319500)
57022933100; 35932953300; 57022653700; 57022693100; 57022558300; 56660319500
An calculation method for predicting landslides volumes of the debris flows in the Wenchuan earthquake area
(2015) Shuili Xuebao/Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 46 (11), pp. 1298 - 1304, Cited 4 times.
DOI: 10.13243/j.cnki.slxb.20150352
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84951958425&doi=10.13243%2Fj.cnki.slxb.20150352&partnerID=40&md5=4994c43e3bf2d30b7ed1239b32d2aff3

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geological Hazard Prevention and Geological Environment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: Debris flows have been remobilized from the earthquake-induced landslides and avalanches triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake in the Wenchuan area. Meanwhile, landslides volumes of the debris flows directly affect the scale of debris flow. This paper uses the investigation data from field survey in examining 35 debris flow gullies which conduct 147 sets of data for the landslide volume, average thickness and area. The regression analysis on the landslide volume and area with the landslide average thickness in debris flow basin is processed using the software Matlab. It is found that not only the landslide volume and area have an obvious power function correlation, but also the landslide volume and average thickness have an obvious logarithmic function correlation with the landslide area and average thickness. The model provides effective and scientific equations to calculate the debris flow volumes rapidly and can serve to assessing the debris flow hazardous zones for the material in the debris-flow catchments. © 2015, China Water Power Press. All right reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Calculation method; Debris flowcatchments; Landslide average thickness; Landslide volumes
INDEX KEYWORDS: Catchments; Debris; Earthquakes; Geophysics; MATLAB; Regression analysis; Debris flows; Earthquake-induced landslides; Field surveys; Landslide areas; Logarithmic functions; Power functions; Software MATLAB; Wenchuan Earthquake; Landslides
REFERENCES: Bovis, Michael J., The role of debris supply conditions in predicting debris flow activity, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 24, 11, pp. 1039-1054, (1999); 
Schuerch, Peter, The influence of landsliding on sediment supply and channel change in a steep mountain catchment, Geomorphology, 78, 3-4, pp. 222-235, (2006); 
Dong, J. J., The role of the sediment budget in understanding debris flow susceptibility, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 34, 12, pp. 1612-1624, (2009); 
Guthrie, R. H., Analysis of landslide frequencies and characteristics in a natural system, coastal British Columbia, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 29, 11, pp. 1321-1339, (2004); 
Korup, Oliver, Effects of large deep-seated landslides on hillslope morphology, western Southern Alps, New Zealand, Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 111, 1, (2006); 
Quaternary International, (2010); 
Landslide, (2011); 
Tang, Chuan, Rainfall-triggered debris flows following the Wenchuan earthquake, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 68, 2, pp. 187-194, (2009); 
Landform Studies from Australia and New Guinea, (1967); 
Imaizumi, Fumitoshi, Effects of forest harvesting on the occurrence of landslides and debris flows in steep terrain of central Japan, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 33, 6, pp. 827-840, (2008)
PUBLISHER: China Water Power Press
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Huang, Y., Cheng, H., Dai, Z., Xu, Q., Liu, F., Sawada, K., Moriguchi, S., Yashima, A.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Huang, Yu (57204857931); Cheng, Hualin (57199118591); Dai, Zili (54398313300); Xu, Qiang (56506033600); Liu, Fang (57091128300); Sawada, Kazuhide (7402552556); Moriguchi, Shuji (7006434750); Yashima, Atsushi (7003670686)
57204857931; 57199118591; 54398313300; 56506033600; 57091128300; 7402552556; 7006434750; 7003670686
SPH-based numerical simulation of catastrophic debris flows after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake
(2015) Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 74 (4), pp. 1137 - 1151, Cited 66 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s10064-014-0705-6
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84944355610&doi=10.1007%2Fs10064-014-0705-6&partnerID=40&md5=594a5ec291387b41f1b01faedc3208ab

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Geotechnical Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Engineering, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Department of Civil Engineering, Gifu University, Gifu, Gifu, Japan; International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
ABSTRACT: Post-earthquake debris flows that have occurred in Sichuan Province in southwestern China following the Wenchuan earthquake on May 12, 2008, have caused significant damage and casualties. Previous earthquake-induced landslides produced large amounts of loose material that remained on the steep slopes and in the gullies. As a consequence of heavy rainstorms during the rainy seasons, the existing loose material was transformed into numerous debris flows. Research has shown that the debris flows in the Wenchuan earthquake disaster areas have been characterized by their large scale, high speed, long run-out, and destructive impact. In order to identify the areas potentially at risk and to predict the flow severity, an accurate numerical method is needed to simulate these debris flows. In this paper, we have proposed a smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) modeling technique—a meshfree particle method—to simulate the post-earthquake debris flows in the Wenchuan earthquake disaster areas. The SPH modeling technique introduces a Bingham model to analyze the relationship between material stress rates and particle motion velocity. Compared to traditional numerical methods, the SPH modeling technique is a true meshfree method of a pure Lagrangian nature. It can instantaneously track the motion of each particle, accurately predict the velocity, and naturally handle problems with extremely large deformations. In addition, the SPH method is based on continuum mechanics, and is therefore an efficient method to simulate large-scale debris flows. In this work, first, a viscoplastic fluid was simulated and verified with experimental results in order to evaluate the accuracy of the SPH model. Then propagation analysis of two typical post-earthquake debris flows in earthquake-hit areas was carried out, applying the SPH model. The simulation results showed good agreement with the limited field observation data. Our proposed SPH numerical modeling is able to capture the fundamental dynamic behavior of post-earthquake debris flows and can partially explain these complex phenomena. These simulation results can provide a preliminary scientific basis for hazard assessment and site selection for reconstruction in earthquake-prone areas. © 2014, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Hazard assessment; Long run-out; Post-earthquake debris flow; Smoothed particle hydrodynamics; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Computer simulation; Continuum mechanics; Debris; Disasters; Hazards; Hydrodynamics; Numerical methods; Numerical models; Site selection; Storms; Debris flows; Hazard Assessment; Long run outs; Smoothed particle hydrodynamics; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes; accuracy assessment; catastrophic event; computer simulation; debris flow; disaster management; hydrodynamics; numerical model; Sichuan earthquake 2008; slope dynamics; smoothing; stress field; China; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Atkin, Raymond J., Continuum theories of mixtures: Basic theory and historical development, Quarterly Journal of Mechanics and Applied Mathematics, 29, 2, pp. 209-244, (1976); 
Beguería, Santiago, A GIS-based numerical model for simulating the kinematics of mud and debris flows over complex terrain, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 9, 6, pp. 1897-1909, (2009); 
Bui, Ha H., Lagrangian meshfree particles method (SPH) for large deformation and failure flows of geomaterial using elastic-plastic soil constitutive model, International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, 32, 12, pp. 1537-1570, (2008); 
Chen, Chenglung, Generalized viscoplastic modeling of debris flow, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 114, 3, pp. 237-258, (1988); 
Chen, Hongey, Relationship between earthquake disturbance, tropical rainstorms and debris movement: An overview from Taiwan, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 68, 2, pp. 161-186, (2009); 
Chen, H., Numerical simulation of debris flows, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 37, 1, pp. 146-160, (2000); 
Sino Geotechnics, (2006); 
Cui, Peng, The Wenchuan Earthquake (May 12, 2008), Sichuan Province, China, and resulting geohazards, Natural Hazards, 56, 1, pp. 19-36, (2011); 
Dai, Zili, 3D numerical modeling using smoothed particle hydrodynamics of flow-like landslide propagation triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Engineering Geology, 180, pp. 21-33, (2014); 
Darn-Horng, Hsiao, Disaster investigation and failure analysis of debris flow from Morakot Typhoon at Liugui town, Kaohsiung, Taiwan on August 8, 2009, Proceedings of the International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference, pp. 782-788, (2011)
PUBLISHER: Springer Verlag service@springer.de
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Görüm, T., Carranza, E.J.M.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Görüm, Tolga (10440667500); Carranza, Emmanuel John M. (9735536400)
10440667500; 9735536400
Control of style-of-faulting on spatial pattern of earthquake-triggered landslides
(2015) International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 12 (10), pp. 3189 - 3212, Cited 39 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s13762-015-0752-y
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84939422176&doi=10.1007%2Fs13762-015-0752-y&partnerID=40&md5=504b459be891335b7ec39a166a23a92e

AFFILIATIONS: Universiteit Twente, Enschede, Overijssel, Netherlands; Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi, Istanbul, Turkey; James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
ABSTRACT: Predictive mapping of susceptibility to earthquake-triggered landslides (ETLs) commonly uses distance to fault as spatial predictor, regardless of style-of-faulting. Here, we examined the hypothesis that the spatial pattern of ETLs is influenced by style-of-faulting based on distance distribution analysis and Fry analysis. The Yingxiu–Beichuan fault (YBF) in China and a huge number of landslides that ruptured and occurred, respectively, during the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake permitted this study because the style-of-faulting along the YBF varied from its southern to northern parts (i.e. mainly thrust-slip in the southern part, oblique-slip in the central part and mainly strike-slip in the northern part). On the YBF hanging-wall, ETLs at 4.4–4.7 and 10.3–11.5 km from the YBF are likely associated with strike- and thrust-slips, respectively. On the southern and central parts of the hanging-wall, ETLs at 7.5–8 km from the YBF are likely associated with oblique-slips. These findings indicate that the spatial pattern of ETLs is influenced by style-of-faulting. Based on knowledge about the style-of-faulting and by using evidential belief functions to create a predictor map based on proximity to faults, we obtained higher landslide prediction accuracy than by using unclassified faults. When distance from unclassified parts of the YBF is used as predictor, the prediction accuracy is 80 %; when distance from parts of the YBF, classified according to style-of-faulting, is used as predictor, the prediction accuracy is 93 %. Therefore, mapping and classification of faults and proper spatial representation of fault control on occurrence of ETLs are important in predictive mapping of susceptibility to ETLs. © 2015, Islamic Azad University (IAU).
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: 2008 Wenchuan earthquake; Distance distribution analysis; Evidential belief functions; Fry analysis; Geographic information system; Yingxiu–Beichuan fault
INDEX KEYWORDS: Earthquakes; Forecasting; Geographic information systems; Geophysics; Landslides; Mapping; Strike-slip faults; Uncertainty analysis; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Belief function; Distance distributions; Earthquake-triggered landslides; Fry analysis; Landslide prediction; Prediction accuracy; Spatial representations; Faulting; accuracy assessment; earthquake prediction; earthquake trigger; faulting; GIS; landslide; mapping method; Sichuan earthquake 2008; spatial analysis; strike-slip fault; thrust fault
REFERENCES: Abrahamson, Norman A.Bolt, Empirical response spectral attenuation relations for shallow crustal earthquakes, Seismological Research Letters, 68, 1, pp. 94-109, (1997); 
Abrahamson, Norman A.Bolt, Effects of the hanging wall and footwall on ground motions recorded during the Northridge earthquake, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 86, 1 SUPPL. B, pp. S93-S99, (1996); 
Alexander, David E., Tectonic causes of landslides, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 18, 4, pp. 311-338, (1993); 
Bai, Shibiao, Susceptibility assessments of the Wenchuan earthquake-triggered landslides in Longnan using logistic regression, Environmental Earth Sciences, 71, 2, pp. 731-743, (2014); 
Beavan, John, Fault slip models of the 2010-2011 Canterbury, New Zealand, earthquakes from geodetic data and observations of postseismic ground deformation, New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics, 55, 3, pp. 207-221, (2012); 
Beguería, Santiago, Validation and evaluation of predictive models in hazard assessment and risk management, Natural Hazards, 37, 3, pp. 315-329, (2006); 
Journal of Applied Probability, (1977); 
Applied Statistics, (1986); 
Bommer, Julian J., Style-of-faulting in ground-motion prediction equations, Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 1, 2, pp. 171-203, (2003); 
Bonham-Carter, Graeme F., Statistical association of gold occurrences with landsat-derived lineaments, timmins-kirkland lake area ontario, Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing, 11, 2, pp. 195-210, (1985)
PUBLISHER: Center for Environmental and Energy Research and Studies editor@ijest.org
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Shi, Z., Xiong, X., Peng, M., Lin, M.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Shi, Zhenming (7403734462); Xiong, Xi (56999696100); Peng, Ming (37108434300); Lin, Minglang (56256167900)
7403734462; 56999696100; 37108434300; 56256167900
Stability analysis of landslide dam with high permeability region: A case study of Hongshihe landslide dam
(2015) Shuili Xuebao/Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 46 (10), pp. 1162 - 1171, Cited 15 times.
DOI: 10.13243/j.cnki.slxb.20150577
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84949648070&doi=10.13243%2Fj.cnki.slxb.20150577&partnerID=40&md5=171c9936e51bc7a3be89511261b844ee

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Geotechnical Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Engineering, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China; College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
ABSTRACT: Landslide dams, which often formed by quick deposits of landslide materials, are lack of sufficient consolidation, and loose in dam structure and material composition. Especially, the soil and rock materials are highly heterogeneous, comprising high permeable regions with large particles. The presence of high permeable regions may lead to internal erosion or even piping failure under high water pressure. Taking the Hongshihe landslide dam triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake as an example, the paper provides a method to analyze the stability of landslide dams under seepage by considering the influence of high permeable regions. The instability of a landslide dam under seepage is defined as a circulatory process of internal erosion and slope failure. The critical conditions of internal erosion and slope failure are identified within this method. From the seepage stability analysis of the Hongshiyan landslide dam with the present method, it is found that the presence of highly permeable region does harm to seepage stability of landslide dams. The seepage stability becomes worse with longer high permeability region, higher permeability, and smaller distance to the dam downstream toe. The Hongshiyan landslide dam with high permeable regions is likely to occur internal erosion, but piping failure is not likely due to large dam width and gentle downstream slope. Piping failure occur when the dam crest width is shorter and downstream slope gradient is larger. © 2015, China Water Power Press. All right reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: ABAQUS; High permeable region; Hongshihe Landslide Lake; Landslide dam; Piping; Seepage; Stability
INDEX KEYWORDS: ABAQUS; Convergence of numerical methods; Earthquakes; Erosion; Failure (mechanical); Landslides; Seepage; Slope stability; Stability; Critical condition; High water pressure; Landslide dam; Material compositions; Permeable region; Piping; Stability analysis; Wenchuan Earthquake; Dams
REFERENCES: Peng, Ming, Breaching parameters of landslide dams, Landslides, 9, 1, pp. 13-31, (2012); 
Cui, Peng, The 12 May Wenchuan earthquake-induced landslide lakes: Distribution and preliminary risk evaluation, Landslides, 6, 3, pp. 209-223, (2009); 
Casagli, Nicola, Determining grain size distribution of the material composing landslide dams in the Northern Apennines: Sampling and processing methods, Engineering Geology, 69, 1-2, pp. 83-97, (2003); 
Costa, John E., FORMATION AND FAILURE OF NATURAL DAMS., Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 100, 7, pp. 1054-1068, (1988); 
Gregoretti, Carlo, Laboratory experiments on the failure of coarse homogeneous sediment natural dams on a sloping bed, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 136, 11, pp. 868-879, (2010); 
Payne, Lawrence E., Convergence and continuous dependence for the Brinkman-Forchheimer equations, Studies in Applied Mathematics, 102, 4, pp. 419-439, (1999); 
Zhao, H. F., Variability of geotechnical properties of a fresh landslide soil deposit, Engineering Geology, 166, pp. 1-10, (2013); 
Chang, Dongsheng, Critical hydraulic gradients of internal erosion under complex stress states, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering - ASCE, 139, 9, pp. 1454-1467, (2013); 
Xiao, Ming, Effect of piping on shear strength of levees, Geotechnical Special Publication, 204 GSP, pp. 51-56, (2010); 
Liu, Ning, Draining Tangjiashan barrier kake after Wenchuan Earthquake and the flood propagation after the dam break, Science in China, Series E: Technological Sciences, 52, 4, pp. 801-809, (2009)
PUBLISHER: China Water Power Press
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Duan, S., Yao, L., Guo, C.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Duan, Shusu (55753760000); Yao, Lingkan (7201688064); Guo, Chenwen (55755754300)
55753760000; 7201688064; 55755754300
Tendency evaluation of collapse-landslide caused by earthquake based on the erosion cycle theory
(2015) Hunan Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Hunan University Natural Sciences, 42 (9), pp. 116 - 123, Cited 2 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84944686182&partnerID=40&md5=dca17bacee7d229b49a96e87a33e4a02

AFFILIATIONS: School of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Sichuan Key Laboratory of Seismic Engineering and Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: A method for the tendency prediction of collapse-landslide caused by earthquake was developed, which meets the precision requirement of railway location principle stage. Based on the theory of the erosion cycle (youth-maturity-old age), this paper discussed the sequence of within-reaching-deviation from the critical slope in one ideal cycle, then put forward the principle that the tendency prediction of collapse-landslide induced by earthquake could be estimated by judging the development stage of the drainage basin. Based on the feedback mechanism of the valley and valley slope, the method of distinguishing different stages of the basin by selecting the profile feature was proposed. This method eliminates the spatial dependency on small drainage basins. At last, the method was validated with the field data of Yushu earthquake, Wenchuan earthquake and Lushan earthquake, which are the three strong earthquakes with M≥7.0 within 21st century in China. The tendency of collapse-landslide caused by earthquake is most serious when the Strahler's Integral is between 0.5~0.6. The gap to the value is bigger and the tendency is minor. ©, 2015, Hunan University. All right reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: ArcGIS; Collapse-landslide caused by earthquake; Erosion cycle theory; Tendency prediction
INDEX KEYWORDS: Catchments; Earthquakes; Erosion; Landslides; Railroad transportation; ArcGIS; Cycle theory; Development stages; Feedback mechanisms; Spatial dependencies; Strong earthquakes; Tendency prediction; Wenchuan Earthquake; Forecasting
REFERENCES: Keefer, David K., LANDSLIDES CAUSED BY EARTHQUAKES., Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 95, 4, pp. 406-421, (1984); 
Rodríguez-Peces, M. J., Applicability of Newmark method at regional, sub-regional and site scales: Seismically induced Bullas and La Paca rock-slide cases (Murcia, SE Spain), Natural Hazards, 59, 2, pp. 1109-1124, (2011); 
Mountain Research, (1987); 
Wang, Y. Q., Study on comprehensive index method for predicting earthquake-induced landslides, Yantu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 23, 3, (2001); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2000); 
Geohazard Assessment of the Wenchuan Earthquake, (2009); 
Xu, Chong, Study on the characteristics, mechanism, and spatial distribution of Yushu earthquake triggered landslides, Dizhen Dizhi, 34, 1, pp. 47-62, (2012); 
Journal of Remote Sensing, (2009); 
Newmark, Nathan M., Effects of earthquakes on dams and embankments, Geotechnique, 15, 2, pp. 139-160, (1965); 
Geographical Journal, (1899)
PUBLISHER: Hunan University
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Ding, M., Miao, C.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Ding, Mingtao (55421086000); Miao, Cheng (56511157900)
55421086000; 56511157900
Comparative analysis of the distribution characteristics of geological hazards in the Lushan and Wenchuan earthquake-prone areas
(2015) Environmental Earth Sciences, 74 (6), pp. 5359 - 5371, Cited 9 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s12665-015-4549-6
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84940723689&doi=10.1007%2Fs12665-015-4549-6&partnerID=40&md5=211ea3da301be71460f3f47573f77e5c

AFFILIATIONS: School of Environment and Resource, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: In the 21st century, the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake and the 2013 Ms 7.0 Lushan earthquake occurred in Sichuan Province, southwestern China. These two powerful earthquakes caused huge property loss and numerous human casualties. The frequent occurrence of geological hazards (including landslides and debris flows) has brought great challenges to disaster prevention and reconstruction work in earthquake-prone areas. Combing the research method of field investigations with visual interpretation of high-resolution remote sensing images, this study investigates areas with a seismic intensity ≥VII. In the study, a systematic analysis is conducted to clarify the distribution characteristics of geological hazards in the Lushan and Wenchuan earthquake-prone areas based on statistics released by the Ministry of Land and Resources, Ministry of Water Resource, Ministry of Construction of China, and other related departments. Such a clarification was done through GIS technology with varied factor combinations. Hopefully, comparative analysis on the distribution characteristics of mountain disasters in Lushan and Wenchuan leads to determination of distribution similarities and differences in areas with a seismic intensity ≥VII. The study concludes, in a systematic manner, distribution characteristics under distinctive geomorphic conditions, geological structures, and other conditions in the study area; thus can serve as a reference for disaster prevention and demographic readjustment in areas with similar conditions, promoting harmonious development of humans and nature there. © 2015, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Distribution characteristics; Geological hazards; Lushan earthquake; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Disaster prevention; Disasters; Geology; Hazards; Image reconstruction; Remote sensing; Seismology; Water resources; Distribution characteristics; Geological hazards; Geological structures; Geomorphic conditions; Harmonious development; High resolution remote sensing images; Visual interpretation; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes; comparative study; disaster management; earthquake damage; earthquake intensity; earthquake magnitude; geological hazard; GIS; governance approach; Lushan earthquake 2013; mountain region; remote sensing; Sichuan earthquake 2008; spatial distribution; strategic approach; China; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Chigira, Masahiro, Landslides induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China, Geomorphology, 118, 3-4, pp. 225-238, (2010); 
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences, (2008); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2013); 
Delgado, José, On far field occurrence of seismically induced landslides, Engineering Geology, 123, 3, pp. 204-213, (2011); 
Ding, Mingtao, IM-based hazard assessment on debris flows in the upper reaches of Min River, Disaster Advances, 6, 9, pp. 39-47, (2013); 
Ding, Mingtao, Susceptibility mapping of landslides in Beichuan County using cluster and MLC methods, Natural Hazards, 70, 1, pp. 755-766, (2014); 
Ding, Mingtao, Property insurance against debris-flow disasters based on risk assessment and the principal-agent theory, Natural Hazards, 60, 3, pp. 801-817, (2012); 
Ding, Mingtao, Coupling mechanism of rural settlements and mountain disasters in the upper reaches of Min River, Journal of Mountain Science, 11, 1, pp. 66-72, (2014); 
Du, Fang, The M7.0 Lushan earthquake and the relationship with the M8.0 Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan, China, Acta Geophysica Sinica, 56, 5, pp. 1772-1783, (2013); 
Fan, Xuanmei, Analysis of landslide dams induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 57, pp. 25-37, (2012)
PUBLISHER: Springer Verlag service@springer.de
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Men, N., Bo, J., Sun, Y., Qi, W.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Men, Ni (36996592400); Bo, Jiangshan (7006324952); Sun, Youwei (54387572500); Qi, Wenhao (11940844400)
36996592400; 7006324952; 54387572500; 11940844400
Dynamic stability analysis of Beihou Mountain landslide in Hanyuan County
(2015) World Earthquake Engineering, 31 (3), pp. 211 - 219, Cited 3 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84946837214&partnerID=40&md5=40cd74951dbf3f6b918ba3704909d912

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Engineering Mechanics, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing, China; China Earthquake Administration, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: The rare intensity anomaly phenomenon occurred in Hanyuan county which is located on front of Beihoushan ancient landslide in Sichuan Province in Wenchuan earthquake. use ANSYS to analyze the impact of Wenchuan earthquake on the stability of Beihou Mountain ancient landslide. Through finite element seismic response analysis method, the factor of safety time history, velocity time history and displacement, stress vector field were obtained, and based on above results it was judged whether the landslide slid or not as a whole. On the basis, the key parts like the slope shoulder were set to analyze the stress and vibration velocity effect. Besides, the safety factor values on the sliding surface and key points were calculated by four methods. The results show that in Wenchuan earthquake Beihoushan ancient landslide hadn't slid integrally, while there were some cracks near the slope shoulder and the intensity anomaly had nothing to do with the landslide failure. ©, 2015, Science and Technology Periodical Press. All right reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Factor of safety; Intensity anomaly; Stability analysis; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: dynamic response; landslide; seismic response; Sichuan earthquake 2008; slope failure; slope stability; stability analysis; Beihou Mountain; China; Hanyuan; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Seismic response and dynamic stability analysis of soil slopes, 21, 2, pp. 116-120; 
Zhang, Jianhai, Dynamic safety evaluation of slopes or dam foundations using rigid body-spring element method, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 18, 4, pp. 387-391, (1999); 
Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, (2000); 
Theory Andpractice on Environmental Geotechnics, (2002); 
Rock and Soil Mechanics, (2003); 
Liu, Hongshuai, Rock landslide stability analysis by finite element method, Yantu Lixue/Rock and Soil Mechanics, 25, 11, pp. 1786-1790, (2004); 
Research of Seismic Damage Anomalies in Hanyuan During Wenchuan Great Earthquake, (2013); 
Study on Stability of Complex Slope Engineering System, (1999)
PUBLISHER: Science and Technology Periodical Press dying@UP369.com
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Ma, C., He, X.-Y., Hu, K.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Ma, Chao (55580268600); He, Xiaoyan (55589685500); Hu, Kaiheng (55648903800)
55580268600; 55589685500; 55648903800
Preliminary research on the rainfall threshold and warning grades of clustering debris flow in Wenchuan earthquake region, southwestern China
(2015) Beijing Linye Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 37 (9), pp. 37 - 44, Cited 1 times.
DOI: 10.13332/j.1000-1522.20150073
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84944890756&doi=10.13332%2Fj.1000-1522.20150073&partnerID=40&md5=40604574eac623533fe6bfdd270356e5

AFFILIATIONS: School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, Beijing, China; China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Establishing precise rainfall threshold and effective forecasting system is one of the important measures to prevent debris flow disasters and reduce damage. We analyzed the rainfalls triggered by debris flows at clustering and small scales in the Wenchuan earthquake region of southwestern China during the period of 2008-2013, aiming to establish the range of rainfall intensity-duration threshold in Beichuan, Qingping, Dujiangyan and Yingxiu of Sichuan Province. The rainfall threshold in Dujiangyan was higher while that in Yingxiu was lower than in the other two regions. The threshold of critical rainfalls of clustering debris flows in Beichuan was higher than that of small-scale debris flows, but this trend could not be found in the other three regions. There was an obvious dividing line of rainfall intensity- duration between clustering and small-scale debris flows in the other three regions. Furthermore, the rainfall intensity-duration of small-scale debris flows in some regions was higher than that of clustering events. Finally, the warning and forecasting grades of debris flows were developed for the four regions based on the relationships between rainfall intensity-duration, and antecedent rainfall and real-time rainfall, which would be helpful for warning and forecasting of local debris flows. ©, YYYY, Beijing Forestry University. All right reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Clustering debris flows; Rainfall threshold; Warning and forecasting; Wenchuan earthquake
REFERENCES: Debris Flow Hazards and Related Phenomena, (2005); 
Journal of Natural Disasters, (2000); 
Baum, Rex L., Early warning of rainfall-induced shallow landslides and debris flows in the USA, Landslides, 7, 3, pp. 259-272, (2010); 
Guzzetti, Fausto, The rainfall intensity-duration control of shallow landslides and debris flows: An update, Landslides, 5, 1, pp. 3-17, (2008); 
Jakob, Matthias, A hydroclimatic threshold for landslide initiation on the North Shore Mountains of Vancouver, British Columbia, Geomorphology, 54, 3-4, pp. 137-156, (2003); 
Burton, A., Physically based modelling of shallow landslide sediment yield at a catchment scale, Environmental Geology, 35, 2-3, pp. 89-99, (1998); 
Wu, Yong, Analysis of condition of startup of gully debris flow after earthquake - The hydraulic mechanism of instability of loose deposits in rainfall, Yantu Lixue/Rock and Soil Mechanics, 33, 10, pp. 3043-2050, (2012); 
Chen, Suchin Chien, Debris flow disaster prevention and mitigation of non-structural strategies in Taiwan, Journal of Mountain Science, 11, 2, pp. 308-322, (2014); 
undefined, (2012); 
Wu, Hueilong, Debris flow disaster mitigation on early warning and evacuation after the Chichi Earthquake in Taiwan, Australasian Journal of Disaster and Trauma Studies, 2010, 2, (2010)
PUBLISHER: Beijing Forestry University
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zhou, H.-J., Wang, X., Yuan, Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhou, Hongjian (10439774400); Wang, Xi (56897293700); Yuan, Yi (55474912800)
10439774400; 56897293700; 55474912800
Risk assessment of disaster chain: Experience from Wenchuan earthquake-induced landslides in China
(2015) Journal of Mountain Science, 12 (5), pp. 1169 - 1180, Cited 27 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11629-015-3453-6
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84943610575&doi=10.1007%2Fs11629-015-3453-6&partnerID=40&md5=49175696bfe45c878c4338c5506d1747

AFFILIATIONS: National Disaster Reduction Center of China, Ministry of Civil Affairs, Beijing, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: This paper deals with the formative process of the Wenchuan earthquake disaster chain risk. Selected earthquake-landslides chain risk is critically evaluated by the probability of landslide displacement failure based on the Newmark’s permanent-deformation model. In this context, a conceptual model of regional disaster chain risk assessment was proposed, in which the hazard-formative environments sensitivity was the core factor as well as the main difference compared with single disaster risk assessment. The disaster chain risk is accumulation of primary disaster risk and the secondary disasters risks. Results derived from the Wenchuan case proved that the conceptual model was suitable for the disaster chain risk assessment, especially the sudden disaster chain. This experience would offer greater potential in application of conceptual model of disaster chain risk assessment, in the process of large-scale disaster risk governance. © 2015, Science Press, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, CAS and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Disaster chain; Landslide; Risk assessment; Wenchuan Earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: conceptual framework; disaster management; displacement; earthquake event; failure analysis; governance approach; landslide; risk assessment; Sichuan earthquake 2008; China
REFERENCES: Chin J Ecol, (2011); 
Carpignano, Andrea, A methodological approach for the definition of multi-risk maps at regional level: First application, Journal of Risk Research, 12, 3-4, pp. 513-534, (2009); 
Atlas of Wenchuan Earthquake Disaster, (2008); 
Chadha, Rajender Kumar, Disasters due to natural hazards, Natural Hazards, 40, 3, pp. 501-502, (2007); 
Vulnerability and Risk Assessment, (1994); 
Cui, Peng, The Wenchuan Earthquake (May 12, 2008), Sichuan Province, China, and resulting geohazards, Natural Hazards, 56, 1, pp. 19-36, (2011); 
Dai, Fuchu, The 1786 earthquake-triggered landslide dam and subsequent dam-break flood on the Dadu River, southwestern China, Geomorphology, 65, 3-4, pp. 205-221, (2005); 
Armonia Methodology for Multi Risk Assessment and the Harmonisation of Different Natural Risk Maps, (2006); 
Resources and Environment Carrying Capacity Assessment, (2009); 
Fan, Jianrong, Rapid assessment of secondary disasters induced by the wenchuan earthquake, Computing in Science and Engineering, 12, 1, pp. 10-19, (2010)
PUBLISHER: Science Press shengtaixuebao@mail.rcees.ac.cn
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zhang, Y., Wang, J., Xu, Q., Chen, G., X Zhao, J., Zheng, L., Han, Z., Yu, P.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhang, Yingbin Bin (57214256630); Wang, Jinmei (55822067200); Xu, Qiang (56506033600); Chen, Guangqi (55577206900); X Zhao, John (56784285600); Zheng, Lu (55273034500); Han, Zheng (55556913000); Yu, Pengcheng (56718961900)
57214256630; 55822067200; 56506033600; 55577206900; 56784285600; 55273034500; 55556913000; 56718961900
DDA validation of the mobility of earthquake-induced landslides
(2015) Engineering Geology, 194, pp. 38 - 51, Cited 160 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2014.08.024
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84939192707&doi=10.1016%2Fj.enggeo.2014.08.024&partnerID=40&md5=403c569b3d72f171fc260212fac642db

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Transportation Tunnel Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Department of Geotechnical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Japan; Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: This paper studies the run-out of earthquake-induced landslides. There are more than 20 mechanical models to explain long run-out of rapid landslides including some earthquake-induced landslides. However, notably few of them considered the effect of seismic loading on the run-out of landslides. In a previous study, we have proposed a model, which is called the multiplex acceleration model (MAM), to interpret the long run-out mechanism, and a shaking-table test has been performed to verify the MAM. Because the previous MAM is a conceptual model and only a single stone has been examined under sine waves by the shaking-table test, the MAM needs to be extended and further verified.In this paper, the MAM was extended by introducing the movement change that was induced by the so-called trampoline effect of earthquake loading, and the latest practical numerical simulation program, discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA), was used to verify the mobility of earthquake-induced landslides. After a conceptual landslide model was used to verify the effect of seismic loading on the mobility, the Donghekou landslide, which was a typical long run-out landslide that was induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, was analyzed. The results show that: the seismic loading could be one of the factors that could eventually help increase the run-out of landslides. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: DDA; Earthquake-induced landslide; Landslide; Mobility; Run-out
INDEX KEYWORDS: Carrier mobility; Digital differential analyzers; Landslides; Software testing; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Discontinuous deformation analysis; Earthquake loadings; Earthquake-induced landslides; Multiplex acceleration models; Run outs; Shaking table tests; Trampoline effects; Earthquakes; cyclic loading; ground movement; induced response; landslide; mobility; seismic hazard; shaking table test; Sichuan earthquake 2008
REFERENCES: Aoi, Shin, Trampoline effect in extreme ground motion, Science, 322, 5902, pp. 727-730, (2008); 
Proc R Soc London Ser A, (1954); 
Bakun-Mazor, Dagan, Dynamic sliding of tetrahedral wedge: The role of interface friction, International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, 36, 3, pp. 327-343, (2012); 
Begét, James E., Cyclic formation of debris avalanches at Mount St Augustine volcano, Nature, 356, 6371, pp. 701-704, (1992); 
Bird, Juliet F., Earthquake losses due to ground failure, Engineering Geology, 75, 2, pp. 147-179, (2004); 
Rivista Italiana Di Geotecnica, (2000); 
Chang, Kuo Jen, Analysis of landsliding by earthquake shaking using a block-on-slope thermo-mechanical model: Example of Jiufengershan landslide, central Taiwan, Engineering Geology, 80, 1-2, pp. 151-163, (2005); 
Chen, H., Numerical simulation of debris flows, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 37, 1, pp. 146-160, (2000); 
Advances in Earth Structures Research to Practice, (2006); 
Chen, Guangqi, A new model for long-distance movement of earthquake induced landslide, (2010)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Chen, H.X., Zhang, L.M., Gao, L., Zhu, H., Zhang, S.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Chen, Hongxin (55089538300); Zhang, Limin Min (58883008100); Gao, Liang (56687967800); Zhu, Hong (57218493509); Zhang, Shuai (55092670700)
55089538300; 58883008100; 56687967800; 57218493509; 55092670700
Presenting regional shallow landslide movement on three-dimensional digital terrain
(2015) Engineering Geology, 195, pp. 122 - 134, Cited 26 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2015.05.027
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84931260883&doi=10.1016%2Fj.enggeo.2015.05.027&partnerID=40&md5=3f39125d719adb77950d847b9540223d

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
ABSTRACT: A storm can trigger numerous shallow landslides on hilly terrains. This paper presents a distributed cell model for presenting regional shallow landslide movement on a three-dimensional digital terrain. The model consists of five components; namely, a digital terrain module, a spatial rainfall distribution module, an infiltration analysis module, a slope stability evaluation module, and a movement prediction module. The locations and volumes of landslides are analyzed first through rainfall infiltration and slope stability analyses. The detached material is assumed to move along the steepest path from one cell to a lower cell. Empirical equations that are developed based on local landslide inventories are adopted as a landslide movement cessation criterion. The effect of landslide size on travel distance is considered by grouping unstable cells that are bounded at least at one side or corner. The uncertainties in soil shear strength parameters and the landslide movement process are considered in determining the possible bounds of travel distance. The movement analysis method is applied to a 164.5km2hilly terrain in the Wenchuan earthquake zone to test its performance in presenting regional shallow landslide movement. The method predicts the volume of landslides reasonably well. The observed and computed movement traces and deposition locations of the detached material also agree reasonably well. The volume of individual landslide and travel distance may be substantially underestimated if the size effect is not considered. © 2015 Elsevier B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Earthquake; Landslide; Rainfall infiltration; Risk analysis; Runout analysis; Slope stability
INDEX KEYWORDS: Cells; Cytology; Earthquakes; Landforms; Landslides; Rain; Risk analysis; Risk assessment; Shear strength; Slope protection; Empirical equations; Landslide inventories; Rainfall infiltration; Run outs; Slope stability analysis; Slope stability evaluation; Soil shear strength; Wenchuan Earthquake; Slope stability; hillslope; infiltration; landslide; rainfall; risk assessment; size effect; slope stability; soil mechanics; terrain; three-dimensional modeling; trigger mechanism
REFERENCES: Anbalagan, Rathinam, Landslide hazard evaluation and zonation mapping in mountainous terrain, Engineering Geology, 32, 4, pp. 269-277, (1992); 
Arnone, Elisa, Physically-based and distributed approach to analyze rainfall-triggered landslides at watershed scale, Geomorphology, 133, 3-4, pp. 121-131, (2011); 
Bhandary, Netra P., Areal distribution of large-scale landslides along highway corridors in central Nepal, Georisk, 7, 1, pp. 1-20, (2013); 
Slope Instability, (1984); 
Budetta, Paolo, The mobility of some debris flows in pyroclastic deposits of the northwestern Campanian region (southern Italy), Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 63, 4, pp. 293-302, (2004); 
Burton, A., Physically based modelling of shallow landslide sediment yield at a catchment scale, Environmental Geology, 35, 2-3, pp. 89-99, (1998); 
Carrara, Alberto, GIS techniques and statistical models in evaluating landslide hazard, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 16, 5, pp. 427-445, (1991); 
Chen, Hong, A dynamic model for rainfall-induced landslides on natural slopes, Geomorphology, 51, 4, pp. 269-288, (2003); 
Chen, H., Geohazards of slope mass movement and its prevention in Hong Kong, Engineering Geology, 76, 1-2, pp. 3-25, (2004); 
Chen, Hongxin, A physically-based distributed cell model for predicting regional rainfall-induced shallow slope failures, Engineering Geology, 176, pp. 79-92, (2014)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Ouyang, C., He, S., Tang, C.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Ouyang, Chaojun (23390621600); He, Siming (55978326000); Tang, Chuan (35932953300)
23390621600; 55978326000; 35932953300
Numerical analysis of dynamics of debris flow over erodible beds in Wenchuan earthquake-induced area
(2015) Engineering Geology, 194, pp. 62 - 72, Cited 185 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2014.07.012
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84961292167&doi=10.1016%2Fj.enggeo.2014.07.012&partnerID=40&md5=574bf25738d677ed2a676ee160763b62

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: The basal entrainment of debris flows play a significant role in its amplification and the final volume of deposition could be several to hundred times of its initial volume. In this paper, the shallow water equations coupled with basal material entrainment applied in debris flows have been given to demonstrate the amplification. A new basal entrainment model taking advantage of both Coulomb and Voellmy frictional laws are proposed, providing a unified formula to simulate the stop-and-go process of debris flows. Both time and space second-order MacCormack-TVD finite difference method is suggested to solve the coupled equations. Numerical comparisons with USGS flume experiment and Hongchun gully debris flow in Wenchuan earthquake-induced area are carried out to prove its effectiveness. It is established that the momentum exchange term between the flows and the basal materials has a significant influence on the dynamic characteristics and the entrainment effects are essential to model the dynamic process of debris flows in an earthquake-induced area. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flow; Entrainment rate; Erodible bed; Finite difference method; MacCormack scheme; Sediment
INDEX KEYWORDS: Debris; Earthquakes; Equations of motion; Finite difference method; Geophysics; Sediments; Debris flows; Dynamic characteristics; Entrainment effects; Entrainment rates; Erodible beds; MacCormack schemes; Numerical comparison; Shallow water equations; Open channel flow
REFERENCES: Bouchut, François, A new model of Saint Venant and Savage-Hutter type for gravity driven shallow water flows, Comptes Rendus Mathematique, 336, 6, pp. 531-536, (2003); 
Brufau, P., 1D mathematical modelling of debris flow, Journal of Hydraulic Research/De Recherches Hydrauliques, 38, 6, pp. 435-446, (2000); 
Cao, Zhixian, Computational Dam-Break Hydraulics over Erodible Sediment Bed, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 130, 7, pp. 689-703, (2004); 
Chen, H. Joanna, Erosional effects on runout of fast landslides, debris flows and avalanches: A numerical investigation, Geotechnique, 56, 5, pp. 305-322, (2006); 
Chen, Hongxin, Hybrid simulation of the initiation and runout characteristics of a catastrophic debris flow, Journal of Mountain Science, 10, 2, pp. 219-232, (2013); 
Cui, Peng, Prediction of debris-flow danger area by combining hydrological and inundation simulation methods, Journal of Mountain Science, 8, 1, pp. 1-9, (2011); 
Egashira, Shinji, Experimental study on the entrainment of bed material into debris flow, Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part C: Solar, Terrestrial and Planetary Science, 26, 9, pp. 645-650, (2001); 
Farin, Maxime, Fundamental changes of granular flow dynamics, deposition, and erosion processes at high slope angles: Insights from laboratory experiments, Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 119, 3, pp. 504-532, (2014); 
Favreau, Pascal, Numerical modeling of landquakes, Geophysical Research Letters, 37, 15, (2010)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Shi, Z., Wang, Y.-Q., Peng, M., Chen, J.-F., Yuan, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Shi, Zhenming (7403734462); Wang, Youquan (51666133900); Peng, Ming (37108434300); Chen, Jianfeng (55961745300); Yuan, Ji (56083401900)
7403734462; 51666133900; 37108434300; 55961745300; 56083401900
Characteristics of the landslide dams induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and dynamic behavior analysis using large-scale shaking table tests
(2015) Engineering Geology, 194, pp. 25 - 37, Cited 61 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2014.10.009
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84939271033&doi=10.1016%2Fj.enggeo.2014.10.009&partnerID=40&md5=734da8e72654bf58047241d095e17a0b

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Engineering, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China; Department of Geotechnical Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Geohazard Prevention (CICGP), Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Shanghai Geotechnical Investigations and Design Institute Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China; Technische Universität München, Munich, Bayern, Germany
ABSTRACT: The Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake triggered at least 257 landslide dams. More than 300 aftershocks with the magnitudes higher than Ms 4.0 occurred after the formation of these landslide dams, which might largely influence the structure and soil properties of these dams. This paper aims to comprehensively investigate the characteristics of the landslide dams induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, and study the dynamic behaviors of the landslide dams under aftershocks using large-scale shake table tests. First, the characteristics of the landslide dams, including the distribution, geometric parameters, stability and longevity, mitigation measures and the influence of the aftershocks are proposed. Then, two groups of shaking table tests to simulate the dynamic behaviors of two types of landslide dams under aftershocks are illustrated: one with quartz sand contained 10% kaolin (Dam I) and the other with quartz sands all (Dam II). Finally, the results of the tests, including the acceleration distribution, dam deformation and dam breaching process, are discussed. Through this study, it is found that the landslide dams caused by high-magnitude earthquakes have distinctive characteristics, which may largely influence the stability, breach process and risks of these dams. In the model tests, the accelerations are generally higher on the surface of the dams, either on the crest or on the both upstream and downstream slopes. The Dam I was prone to settlement and cracking. The aftershocks may not directly trigger the failures of landslide dams, but accelerate the overtopping failures by lowering the dam crest with settlement and cracking. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Aftershock; Landslide dam; Mitigation measures; Overtopping; Risk analysis; Shaking table test
INDEX KEYWORDS: Cracks; Dams; Earthquake effects; Landslides; Quartz; Risk analysis; Risk assessment; Sand; Soil testing; Testing; Aftershock; Landslide dam; Mitigation measures; Overtopping; Shaking table tests; Earthquakes; aftershock; dam; deformation mechanism; dynamic analysis; landslide; overtopping; seismic response; shaking table test; Sichuan earthquake 2008; stability analysis; structural analysis; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: NATO Advanced Research Workshop Extended Abstract Volume, (2004); 
Chang, Dongsheng, Simulation of the erosion process of landslide dams due to overtopping considering variations in soil erodibility along depth, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 10, 4, pp. 933-946, (2010); 
Chang, Dongsheng, Field testing of erodibility of two landslide dams triggered by the 12 May Wenchuan earthquake, Landslides, 8, 3, pp. 321-332, (2011); 
Chin J Mt Sci, (2011); 
Costa, John E., FORMATION AND FAILURE OF NATURAL DAMS., Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 100, 7, pp. 1054-1068, (1988); 
Documented Historical Landslide Dams from Around the World, (1991); 
Cui, Peng, The 12 May Wenchuan earthquake-induced landslide lakes: Distribution and preliminary risk evaluation, Landslides, 6, 3, pp. 209-223, (2009); 
Yangtze River, (2008); 
Ermini, Leonardo, Prediction of the behaviour of landslide dams using a geomorphological dimensionless index, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 28, 1, pp. 31-47, (2003); 
Fan, Xuanmei, Analysis of landslide dams induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 57, pp. 25-37, (2012)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zhou, G.G.D., Cui, P., Tang, J.B., Chen, H.Y., Zou, Q., Sun, Q.C.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhou, Gongdan Gong Dan (57013868400); Cui, Peng (56706923500); Tang, Jinbo (55714106300); Chen, Huayong (24385415200); Zou, Qiang (57203216238); Sun, Qicheng (57223757831)
57013868400; 56706923500; 55714106300; 24385415200; 57203216238; 57223757831
Experimental study on the triggering mechanisms and kinematic properties of large debris flows in Wenjia Gully
(2015) Engineering Geology, 194, pp. 52 - 61, Cited 64 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2014.10.021
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84939189492&doi=10.1016%2Fj.enggeo.2014.10.021&partnerID=40&md5=38a6959e9aaaaa82f621275b9957a5d4

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; School of Environment and Resource, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, China; Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Debris flows are typically caused by natural terrain landslides triggered by intense rainfalls. If an incoming mountain torrent flows along sloping channels at high velocity, huge amounts of sediment (from landslide dams and eroded channel beds) will be entrained into the flows to form debris flows. It is likely that large debris flows are due to the failure of many landslide dams of different scales (due to bank slides or collapses), bed erosion, and solid transport. The catastrophic debris flows that occurred in Wenjia Gully (Wenchuan Earthquake Area), China on August 13, 2010 (two years after the mega earthquake), were caused by intense rainfall and the serious erosion of sloping channels. In the wake of the incident, experimental tests were conducted to better understand the process of sediment erosion and entrainment on the channel bed and the formation of debris flows. The results show that the bed erosion, bank collapses and channel widening caused by erosion accounted for the triggering and scale amplification of downstream debris flows in the Wenjia Gully event. This study illustrates how the hazardous process of natural debris flows can begin several kilometers upstream, and how such a complex cascade of geomorphic events (failure of landslide dams and erosion of the sloping bed) can lead to catastrophic discharges. Neglecting recognition of these hazardous geomorphic and hydrodynamic processes may result in high cost. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flow; Erosion; Landslide dam; Wenjia Gully
INDEX KEYWORDS: Dams; Earthquakes; Erosion; Geophysics; Hazards; Landforms; Landslides; Rain; Debris flows; Hydrodynamic process; Kinematic properties; Landslide dam; Natural debris flows; Triggering mechanism; Wenchuan Earthquake; Wenjia Gully; Debris; debris flow; entrainment; experimental study; gully erosion; kinematics; rainfall; Sichuan earthquake 2008; terrain; torrent; trigger mechanism
REFERENCES: Carrivick, Jonathan Lee, Dam break - Outburst flood propagation and transient hydraulics: A geosciences perspective, Journal of Hydrology, 380, 3-4, pp. 338-355, (2010); 
Chang, Dongsheng, Simulation of the erosion process of landslide dams due to overtopping considering variations in soil erodibility along depth, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 10, 4, pp. 933-946, (2010); 
Chartrand, Shawn M., Geometric scaling of step-pools in mountain streams: Observations and implications, Geomorphology, 129, 1-2, pp. 141-151, (2011); 
Costa, John E., FORMATION AND FAILURE OF NATURAL DAMS., Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 100, 7, pp. 1054-1068, (1988); 
Davies, Timothy R.H., Large debris flows: A macro-viscous phenomenon, Acta Mechanica, 63, 1-4, pp. 161-178, (1986); 
Dong, J. J., The formation and breach of a short-lived landslide dam at Hsiaolin village, Taiwan - Part I: Post-event reconstruction of dam geometry, Engineering Geology, 123, 1-2, pp. 40-59, (2011); 
Gomez, Basil, An assessment of bed load sediment transport formulae for gravel bed rivers, Water Resources Research, 25, 6, pp. 1161-1186, (1989); 
Iverson, Richard M., The physics of debris flows, Reviews of Geophysics, 35, 3, pp. 245-296, (1997); 
Iverson, Richard M., Elementary theory of bed-sediment entrainment by debris flows and avalanches, Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 117, 3, (2012); 
Iverson, Richard M., Flow of variably fluidized granular masses across three-dimensional terrain I. Coulomb mixture theory, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 106, B1, pp. 537-552, (2001)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Qi, S., Lan, H., Dong, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Qi, Shengwen (55411952900); Lan, Hengxing (7102710925); Dong, Jinyu (35723828000)
55411952900; 7102710925; 35723828000
An analytical solution to slip buckling slope failure triggered by earthquake
(2015) Engineering Geology, 194, pp. 4 - 11, Cited 45 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2014.06.004
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84939184522&doi=10.1016%2Fj.enggeo.2014.06.004&partnerID=40&md5=01a9cffd6dc9859469af4bdb2ac20e8d

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Shale Gas and Geoengineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; School of Resources and Environment, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
ABSTRACT: Slip buckling failure often occurs in slopes intersected by a set of discontinuities with approximately parallel to the surface. Post-earthquake investigations indicate that some slip buckling failures occurred during 2008 Wenchuan event. However, it is still difficult to evaluate the slip buckling failure triggered by earthquakes. In this paper, we give a thorough mechanical analysis to slip buckling slope, and present an analytical solution on slip buckling slope failure which fully considers both the effect of earthquake and pore water pressure based on energy equilibrium theory. Then we apply the methodology to Tangjiashan landslide. Comprehensive retrospective study indicates that Tangjiashan landslide is a typical buckling failure case triggered by Wenchuan earthquake. The application shows that the analytical solution can be used to evaluate the stability of the slope with potential buckling failure during earthquake. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Analytical solution; Buckling failure; Energy equilibrium theory; Tangjiashan coseismic landslide
INDEX KEYWORDS: Earthquakes; Geophysics; Landslides; Slope stability; Buckling failure; Energy equilibrium; Mechanical analysis; Pore-water pressures; Slope failure; Stability of the slopes; Tangjiashan landslides; Wenchuan Earthquake; Buckling
REFERENCES: Adhikary, Deepak P., A numerical study of flexural buckling of foliated rock slopes, International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, 25, 9, pp. 871-884, (2001); 
Cavers, Drummond S., Simple methods to analyze buckling of rock slopes, Rock Mechanics, 14, 2, pp. 87-104, (1981); 
Study on Dynamic Respones and Sliding Failure Process of Rock Slope Under Earthquake, (2010); 
Mechanics of Jointed and Faulted Rock, (1995); 
Hu, Xiewen, Analysis of blocking river mechanism of Tangjiashan landslide and dam-breaking mode of its barrier dam, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 28, 1, pp. 181-189, (2009); 
Li, Shouding, Study of geological origin mechanism of Tangjiashan landslide and entire stability of landslide dam, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 29, SUPPL. 1, pp. 2908-2915, (2010); 
Pant, S. R., Technical note: Implicit and explicit modelling of flexural buckling of foliated rock slopes, Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 32, 2, pp. 157-164, (1999); 
Pereira, Luana Cláudia, Stress-Strain Analysis of Buckling Failure in Phyllite Slopes, Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, 31, 1, pp. 297-314, (2013); 
Qin, Siqingi Qing, A cusp catastrophe model of instability of slip-buckling slope, Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 34, 2, pp. 119-134, (2001); 
Rock Mass Structure Mechanics, (1988)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Chen, X., Cui, P., You, Y., Chen, J., Li, D.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Chen, Xiaoqing (55739112600); Cui, Peng (56706923500); You, Yong (35811595800); Chen, Jiangang (56013367200); Li, Deji (55636148800)
55739112600; 56706923500; 35811595800; 56013367200; 55636148800
Engineering measures for debris flow hazard mitigation in the Wenchuan earthquake area
(2015) Engineering Geology, 194, pp. 73 - 85, Cited 152 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2014.10.002
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84939180896&doi=10.1016%2Fj.enggeo.2014.10.002&partnerID=40&md5=af13753b02778b7d53c22ed1cfeaafe0

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Avalanches and landslides caused by the Wenchuan earthquake in the Longmen Mountains area provide abundant loose solids for debris flows, and a large number of debris flows have occurred during the period 2008-2012. The engineering measures in certain gullies failed, causing serious damage and loss of life. Judging from the debris flow characteristics in the Wenchuan earthquake area, engineering measures should be better constructed after the active period of debris flows in severely affected areas. To reduce debris flow disasters, this paper proposes a mitigation method and design principle based on the transport capacity of the main river. A series of check dams with various opening sizes was designed by investigating and analyzing existing cases. Furthermore, a new type of drainage channel with prefabricated reinforced concrete boxes is proposed. Finally, a case study of the Xiaogangjian Gully, which is a typical debris flow gully in the Wenchuan earthquake area, is presented. This system of engineering measures is based on the main river's transport capacity and consists of five check dams with various opening sizes, a drainage channel with sidewalls constructed of prefabricated reinforced concrete boxes, and a debris flow basin at the base of the main gully. The debris flow mitigation measures constructed in the Xiaogangjian Gully effectively resisted a debris flow with a 50-year return period that was triggered by rainfall on July 26, 2012. Specifically, these measures effectively protected a highway and minimized debris flow damage. Thus, the layout and engineered structures involved in this new engineering technique can provide a reference design for debris flow hazard mitigation. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Check dam; Debris flow; Drainage channel; Engineering measures; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Catchments; Concretes; Drainage; Earthquakes; Geophysics; Hazards; Landforms; Reinforced concrete; Transportation; Check dam; Debris flows; Drainage channels; Engineering measures; Wenchuan Earthquake; Debris; dam; debris flow; drainage network; erosion control; hazard assessment; landslide; reinforced concrete; Sichuan earthquake 2008; structural analysis; China; Longmen Mountains
REFERENCES: Chen, Xiaoqing, Artificial rainfall experimental study on landslide translation to debris flow, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 25, 1, pp. 106-116, (2006); 
An Assembled Drainage Canal and Its Construction Method, (2011); 
Chen, Hongxin, Hybrid simulation of the initiation and runout characteristics of a catastrophic debris flow, Journal of Mountain Science, 10, 2, pp. 219-232, (2013); 
Coe, Jeffrey A., Volumetric analysis and hydrologic characterization of a modern debris flow near Yucca Mountain, Nevada, Geomorphology, 20, 1-2, pp. 11-28, (1997); 
Debris Flow Research and Mitigation in Scenic Spots, (2005); 
Cui, Peng, Characteristics and countermeasures of debris flow in Wenchuan area after the earthquake, Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 42, 5, pp. 10-19, (2010); 
undefined, (2010); 
Cui, Peng, The Wenchuan Earthquake (May 12, 2008), Sichuan Province, China, and resulting geohazards, Natural Hazards, 56, 1, pp. 19-36, (2011); 
Proceedings of National Debris Flow Conference, (1980); 
Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, (1981)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Tang, H.-M., Liu, X., Hu, X.-L., Griffiths, D.V.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Tang, Huiming (58132262400); Liu, Xiao (55253629800); Hu, Xinli (7404710194); Griffiths, D. V. (56962740600)
58132262400; 55253629800; 7404710194; 56962740600
Evaluation of landslide mechanisms characterized by high-speed mass ejection and long-run-out based on events following the Wenchuan earthquake
(2015) Engineering Geology, 194, pp. 12 - 24, Cited 50 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2015.01.004
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84939145800&doi=10.1016%2Fj.enggeo.2015.01.004&partnerID=40&md5=edd3b976e2d8d0f0824f201837e5884e

AFFILIATIONS: China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, United States
ABSTRACT: In the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, the mass ejection type of high-speed and long-run-out landslide was an unusual hazard characterized by its dramatic phenomenon of a huge slope mass launching into the air and becoming airborne for a long distance. Quantitative and qualitative combined techniques were applied to reveal the formation mechanism of this type of landslide. Four prerequisites critical to form mass ejection are identified: high position of the toe of the surface of rupture, critical height and critical inclination of slope, sufficient open space in the movement direction, and adequate take-off speed of ski-jump-like mass ejection. These four area-specific prerequisites provide a promising approach for screening and targeting the potential landslides. Subsequently, a dynamic reliability analysis method that considers the feature of energy-time distribution is proposed. This site-specific method provides a more credible evaluation by emphasizing the most significant period within the whole earthquake duration. Finally, an aerodynamic inverse method combined with an energy-conservation-based method is applied in the quantitative evaluation to calculate take-off speed of mass ejection. This paper provides a viable solution for regional screening and site assessment for new potential targets of this type of landslide. © 2015 Elsevier B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Formation mechanism; High-speed and long-run-out; Landslide; Reliability analysis; Seismic hazard; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Hazards; Inverse problems; Landslides; Reliability analysis; Speed; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Critical inclination; Dynamic reliability analysis; Formation mechanism; Long run outs; Quantitative evaluation; Seismic hazards; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes; formation mechanism; landslide; reliability analysis; seismic hazard; Sichuan earthquake 2008
REFERENCES: Bommer, Julian J., The effective duration of earthquake strong motion, Journal of Earthquake Engineering, 3, 2, pp. 127-172, (1999); 
Campbell, Charles S., Self-lubrication for long runout landslides, Journal of Geology, 97, 6, pp. 653-665, (1989); 
Christian, John T., Reliability applied to slope stability analysis, Journal of Geotechcnical Engineering, 120, 12, pp. 2180-2207, (1994); 
Cleary, Paul W., Self-lubrication for long runout landslides: examination by computer simulation, Journal of Geophysical Research, 98, B12, pp. 21-924, (1993); 
Cruden, David M., Landslide types and processes, Special Report - National Research Council, Transportation Research Board, 247, pp. 36-75, (1996); 
Cui, Fangpeng, Failure mechanisms of the landslides triggered by the 2008 wenchuan earthquake, china, Advanced Materials Research, 594-597, pp. 1864-1868, (2012); 
Dai, Fuchu, Landslide risk assessment and management: An overview, Engineering Geology, 64, 1, pp. 65-87, (2002); 
Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011); 
Elnashai, Amr S., Fundamentals of Earthquake Engineering, pp. 1-347, (2008); 
Erismann, Theodor H., Mechanisms of large landslides, Rock Mechanics, 12, 1, pp. 15-46, (1979)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Yang, C., Zhang, J., Liu, F., Bi, J., Zhang, Z.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Yang, Changwei (55635393100); Zhang, Jianjing (36669710100); Liu, Feicheng (56034770800); Bi, Junwei (59434922600); Zhang, Jun (56136532500)
55635393100; 36669710100; 56034770800; 59434922600; 56136532500
Analysis on two typical landslide hazard phenomena in the Wenchuan earthquake by field investigations and shaking table tests
(2015) International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 12 (8), pp. 9181 - 9198, Cited 16 times.
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph120809181
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84938877365&doi=10.3390%2Fijerph120809181&partnerID=40&md5=a00def5391ad87fd9909f927af0c372a

AFFILIATIONS: Key of Transportation Tnuuel Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China; Shanxi Transportation Research Institute, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
ABSTRACT: Based on our field investigations of landslide hazards in the Wenchuan earthquake, some findings can be reported: (1) the multi-aspect terrain facing empty isolated mountains and thin ridges reacted intensely to the earthquake and was seriously damaged; (2) the slope angles of most landslides was larger than 45°. Considering the above disaster phenomena, the reasons are analyzed based on shaking table tests of one-sided, two-sided and four-sided slopes. The analysis results show that: (1) the amplifications of the peak accelerations of four-sided slopes is stronger than that of the two-sided slopes, while that of the one-sided slope is the weakest, which can indirectly explain the phenomena that the damage is most serious; (2) the amplifications of the peak accelerations gradually increase as the slope angles increase, and there are two inflection points which are the point where the slope angle is 45° and where the slope angle is 50°, respectively, which can explain the seismic phenomenon whereby landslide hazards mainly occur on the slopes whose slope angle is bigger than 45°. The amplification along the slope strike direction is basically consistent, and the step is smooth. © 2015 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Field investigations; Landslide hazards; Shaking table test; Slope angle; Slope type
INDEX KEYWORDS: earthquake damage; hazard assessment; landslide; peak acceleration; seismic hazard; shaking table test; Sichuan earthquake 2008; slope angle; slope dynamics; slope failure; acceleration; Article; China; earthquake; ecological procedures; field study; geographic elevation; disaster; risk assessment; Disasters; Earthquakes; Landslides; Risk Assessment
REFERENCES: Yang, Changwei, Improvement of pseudo-static method for slope stability analysis, Journal of Mountain Science, 11, 3, pp. 625-633, (2014); 
Huang, Yu, Secondary geological hazard analysis in Beichuan after the Wenchuan earthquake and recommendations for reconstruction, Environmental Earth Sciences, 66, 4, pp. 1001-1009, (2012); 
Huang, Yu, Run-out analysis of flow-like landslides triggered by the Ms 8.0 2008 Wenchuan earthquake using smoothed particle hydrodynamics, Landslides, 9, 2, pp. 275-283, (2012); 
Yang, Changwei, Analysis on mechanism of landslides under ground shaking: a typical landslide in the Wenchuan earthquake, Environmental Earth Sciences, 72, 9, pp. 3457-3466, (2014); 
Prestininzi, Alberto, Earthquake-induced ground failures in Italy, Engineering Geology, 58, 3-4, pp. 387-397, (2000); 
Chigira, Masahiro, Landslides induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China, Geomorphology, 118, 3-4, pp. 225-238, (2010); 
Bird, Juliet F., Earthquake losses due to ground failure, Engineering Geology, 75, 2, pp. 147-179, (2004); 
Dai, Zili, 3D numerical modeling using smoothed particle hydrodynamics of flow-like landslide propagation triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Engineering Geology, 180, pp. 21-33, (2014); 
Huang, Yu, Field-observed phenomena of seismic liquefaction and subsidence during the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China, Natural Hazards, 54, 3, pp. 839-850, (2010); 
Khazai, Bijan, Evaluation of factors controlling earthquake-induced landslides caused by Chi-Chi earthquake and comparison with the Northridge and Loma Prieta events, Engineering Geology, 71, 1-2, pp. 79-95, (2004)
PUBLISHER: MDPI
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS; GREEN ACCEPTED OPEN ACCESS; GREEN FINAL OPEN ACCESS; GREEN OPEN ACCESS

Tian, S.-J., Fan, X.-Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Tian, Shujun (36609420200); Fan, Xiaoyi (36668557800)
36609420200; 36668557800
Forecast of post-earthquake debris flow based on critical rainfall: Taking the Baisha River Basin as ah example
(2015) Journal of Natural Disasters, 24 (4), pp. 176 - 182, Cited 3 times.
DOI: 10.13577/j.jnd.2015.0421
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84983121070&doi=10.13577%2Fj.jnd.2015.0421&partnerID=40&md5=42a0e9c322afbbbc4c2e555ebc2364c1

AFFILIATIONS: School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Rainfall type's debris flow is the main kind of disaster which impacts past-earthquake reconstruction and sustainable development of Wenchuan earthquake disaster area and has caused huge losses of life and property. Taking the Baisha River as an example, the critical daily rainfall and hour rainfall intensity after the earthquake reduced by 36.0%-48.8% and 20.3%-52.2%, respectively, compared to those before the earthquake. Then forecast of debris in five kinds of combinations of rainfall data were analyzed based on Logistic regression model. Forecast levels of debris flow were established based on daily rainfall which is passessed of a close connection with weather forecast of the meteorological department. It has a significance for forecast of debris flow and disaster prevention and mitigation after earthquake.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Critical rainfall; Debris flow; Forecast; Logistic regression model; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: debris flow; disaster management; forecasting method; rainfall; regression analysis; river basin; Sichuan earthquake 2008; Baisha; China; Hainan
REFERENCES: Sabo Against Earthquakes, (2000); 
Lin, Ching-Wee Weei, Impact of Chi-Chi earthquake on the occurrence of landslides and debris flows: Example from the Chenyulan River watershed, Nantou, Taiwan, Engineering Geology, 71, 1-2, pp. 49-61, (2004); 
Fan, Xiaoyi, Developmental characteristics and influence factors of landslides in wenchuan earthquake, Journal of Natural Disasters, 21, 1, pp. 128-134, (2012); 
Fan, Xiaoyi, Multifractal of terrain profiles of seismic landslides and its application to stability assessment, Journal of Natural Disasters, 21, 3, pp. 144-149, (2012); 
Tang, Chuan, Rainfall-triggered debris flows following the Wenchuan earthquake, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 68, 2, pp. 187-194, (2009); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2009); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2008); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2012); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2010); 
Research of Soil and Water Conservation, (2013)
PUBLISHER: Science Press shengtaixuebao@mail.rcees.ac.cn
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Chen, X.-Z., Chen, H., You, Y., Liu, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Chen, Xingzhang (25623240400); Chen, Hui (55367157900); You, Yong (35811595800); Liu, Jinfeng (59454532200)
25623240400; 55367157900; 35811595800; 59454532200
Susceptibility assessment of debris flows using the analytic hierarchy process method - A case study in Subao river valley, China
(2015) Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, 7 (4), pp. 404 - 410, Cited 45 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jrmge.2015.04.003
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84940364454&doi=10.1016%2Fj.jrmge.2015.04.003&partnerID=40&md5=e2afd5de0573e0d48ffa80ddd1ea0138

AFFILIATIONS: School of Environment and Resource, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Many debris flows have occurred in the areas surrounding the epicenter of the Wenchuan earthquake. Susceptibility assessment of debris flows in this area is especially important for disaster prevention and mitigation. This paper studies one of the worst hit areas, the Subao river valley, and the susceptibility assessment of debris flows is performed based on field surveys and remote sensing interpretation. By investigating the formation conditions of debris flows in the valley, the following assessment factors are selected: mixture density of landslides and rock avalanches, distance to the seismogenic fault, stratum lithology, ground roughness, and hillside angle. The weights of the assessment factors are determined by the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method. Each of the assessment factors is further divided into five grades. Then, the assessment model is built using the multifactor superposition method to assess the debris flow susceptibility. Based on the assessment results, the Subao river valley is divided into three areas: high susceptibility areas, medium susceptibility areas, and low susceptibility areas. The high susceptibility areas are concentrated in the middle of the valley, accounting for 17.6% of the valley area. The medium susceptibility areas are in the middle and lower reaches, most of which are located on both sides of the high susceptibility areas and account for 45.3% of the valley area. The remainders are classified as low susceptibility areas. The results of the model are in accordance with the actual debris flow events that occurred after the earthquake in the valley, confirming that the proposed model is capable of assessing the debris flow susceptibility. The results can also provide guidance for reconstruction planning and debris flow prevention in the Subao river valley. © 2015 Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method; Debris flows; Geographic information system (GIS); Subao river valley; Susceptibility assessment; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: analytical hierarchy process; debris flow; disaster management; earthquake epicenter; GIS; remote sensing; risk assessment; Sichuan earthquake 2008; China; Sichuan; Subao Valley
REFERENCES: Burchfiel, B. Clark, A geological and geophysical context for the Wenchuan earthquake of 12 May 2008, Sichuan, People's Republic of China, GSA Today, 18, 7, pp. 4-11, (2008); 
Carrara, Alberto, Comparing models of debris-flow susceptibility in the alpine environment, Geomorphology, 94, 3-4, pp. 353-378, (2008); 
Cui, Peng, The Wenchuan Earthquake (May 12, 2008), Sichuan Province, China, and resulting geohazards, Natural Hazards, 56, 1, pp. 19-36, (2011); 
Jia, Dong, Longmen Shan fold-thrust belt and its relation to the western Sichuan Basin in central China: New insights from hydrocarbon exploration, AAPG Bulletin, 90, 9, pp. 1425-1447, (2006); 
Huang, Runqiu, Research on development and distribution rules of geohazards induced by Wenchuan earthquake on 12th May, 2008, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 27, 12, pp. 2585-2592, (2008); 
Kamp, Ulrich, GIS-based landslide susceptibility mapping for the 2005 Kashmir earthquake region, Geomorphology, 101, 4, pp. 631-642, (2008); 
Kayastha, Prabin, Application of the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) for landslide susceptibility mapping: A case study from the Tinau watershed, west Nepal, Computers and Geosciences, 52, pp. 398-408, (2013); 
Komac, Marko, A landslide susceptibility model using the Analytical Hierarchy Process method and multivariate statistics in perialpine Slovenia, Geomorphology, 74, 1-4, pp. 17-28, (2006); 
J Mt Sci, (2009); 
Li, Songlin, Fault zone structures of northern and southern portions of the main central fault generated by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake using fault zone trapped waves, Earthquake Science, 22, 4, pp. 417-424, (2009)
PUBLISHER: Chinese Academy of Sciences
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Tu, J., Liu, H., Tang, A., Zheng, T.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Tu, Jiewen (50662334300); Liu, Hongshuai (8728684200); Tang, Aiping (7201843890); Zheng, Tong (36441957000)
50662334300; 8728684200; 7201843890; 36441957000
Acceleration response of colluvial landslide based on centrifugal shaking table test
(2015) Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 34 (7), pp. 1361 - 1369, Cited 19 times.
DOI: 10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2014.1273
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84938349786&doi=10.13722%2Fj.cnki.jrme.2014.1273&partnerID=40&md5=b504caecbeb849042c82865f3a550ae2

AFFILIATIONS: School of Civil Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China; National Earthquake Infrastructure Service, Beijing, China; Institute of Engineering Mechanics, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: The acceleration response can be used to analyze the mechanisms of a landslide and to determine the coefficients of earthquake influence reasonably. The centrifuge shaking table test of 50g modelling the colluvial landslide was carried out. The landslide model was placed in a rigid aluminum alloy container with the length of 600 mm, width of 400 mm and height of 500 mm. The bedrock wave recorded at Qingxi station during the Wenchuan earthquake was exerted from the bottom of the model. The amplification coefficients of the horizontal and vertical peak ground acceleration(PGA) at landslide surface were found to increase with the increasing of the elevation. The increasing rate of the amplification coefficients of PGA at the measured spots near the slope crest was notably larger. The acceleration response at the slope surface was significantly different from that inside the landslide. The horizontal acceleration at bedrock had the amplification effect along the elevation of the landslide, but was much smaller than that at the landslide surface. A phenomenon of wave mode transformation was found at the crest of the landslide. The amplification coefficients of PGA at the crest of landslide increased firstly and subsequently decreased with the increasing of the amplitudes of the input seismic wave. ©, 2015, Academia Sinica. All right reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Acceleration response; Centrifuge shaking table; Colluvial landslide; Modelling test; Slope engineering
INDEX KEYWORDS: Acceleration; Aluminum alloys; Amplification; Centrifuges; Earthquakes; Acceleration response; Amplification coefficient; Centrifuge shaking table test; Colluvial landslide; Horizontal acceleration; Peak ground acceleration; Shaking tables; Slope engineering; Landslides
REFERENCES: Wang, Lijiang Pingc, Centrifuge model test study on pile reinforcement behavior of cohesive soil slopes under earthquake conditions, Landslides, 11, 2, pp. 213-223, (2014); 
Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control, (2009); 
Huang, Runqiu, Research on development and distribution rules of geohazards induced by Wenchuan earthquake on 12th May, 2008, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 27, 12, pp. 2585-2592, (2008); 
Geoscience, (2011); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2010); 
Chai, Hongbao, Dynamic response laws of slope under vertical shear wave, Zhongnan Daxue Xuebao (Ziran Kexue Ban)/Journal of Central South University (Science and Technology), 42, 4, pp. 1079-1084, (2011); 
Acta Petrologica Sinica, (2011); 
Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering, (2014); 
Bouckovalas, George D., Numerical evaluation of slope topography effects on seismic ground motion, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 25, 7-10, pp. 547-558, (2005); 
Xu, Guangxing, Large-scale shaking table model test study on dynamic characteristics and dynamic responses of slope, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 27, 3, pp. 624-632, (2008)
PUBLISHER: Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Jiao, Y.-Y., Tian, H.-N., Wu, H.-Z., Li, H.-B., Tang, H.-M.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Jiao, Yuyong (56069425900); Tian, Hunan (57212178473); Wu, Huozhen (36445032000); Li, Haibo (56388561200); Tang, Huiming (58132262400)
56069425900; 57212178473; 36445032000; 56388561200; 58132262400
Numerical and experimental investigation on the stability of slopes threatened by earthquakes
(2015) Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 8 (7), pp. 4353 - 4364, Cited 9 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s12517-014-1509-5
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84933676979&doi=10.1007%2Fs12517-014-1509-5&partnerID=40&md5=d47b01204ab11e85f8d0e8947368f67c

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
ABSTRACT: This paper presents a methodology for evaluating the safety of slopes threatened by strong earthquakes. Based on the theory of modal analysis, the proposed approach analyzes the seismic landslide spectrum, including the calculation of the landslide intrinsic frequency and the investigation of the resonance effect. The concept and the solution of the resonance index (RI) of the seismic landslide are also proposed. By using the VC++ computer language, corresponding dynamic finite element program, namely Analysis of Seismic Landslide Spectrum (ASLS), is developed. To verify the proposed method, three examples are presented: a fixed-end beam, a specially designed landslide vibration experiment, and the largest landslide triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. The obtained numerical and experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively evaluate the safety of seismic landslides. It is suggested that the resonance phenomenon of landslides should be considered in the landslide treatment and the seismic design. © 2014, Saudi Society for Geosciences.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Earthquake-induced landslide; Intrinsic frequency; Resonance modal analysis; Spectrum characteristics; Wenchuan earthquake
REFERENCES: Chakraborti, Sukanya, A Comparative Study of Different Approaches for Factor of Safety Calculations by Shear Strength Reduction Technique for Non-linear Hoek-Brown Failure Criterion, Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, 30, 4, pp. 925-934, (2012); 
Chigira, Masahiro, Landslides induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China, Geomorphology, 118, 3-4, pp. 225-238, (2010); 
Collins, Brian D., Spatial distribution of landslides triggered from the 2007 Niigata Chuetsu-Oki Japan Earthquake, Engineering Geology, 127, pp. 14-26, (2012); 
Dai, Fuchu, The 1786 earthquake-triggered landslide dam and subsequent dam-break flood on the Dadu River, southwestern China, Geomorphology, 65, 3-4, pp. 205-221, (2005); 
Del Gaudio, Vincenzo, Advances and problems in understanding the seismic response of potentially unstable slopes, Engineering Geology, 122, 1-2, pp. 73-83, (2011); 
Acta Geologica Sinica, (2008); 
Vibration Theory and Application, (1998); 
Seismic Ground Motion Parameter Zonation Map of China, (2008); 
Görüm, Tolga, Distribution pattern of earthquake-induced landslides triggered by the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Geomorphology, 133, 3-4, pp. 152-167, (2011); 
Guo, Deping, Qualitative and quantitative analysis on landslide influential factors during Wenchuan earthquake: A case study in Wenchuan County, Engineering Geology, 152, 1, pp. 202-209, (2013)
PUBLISHER: Springer Verlag service@springer.de
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Shi, Z., Guan, S.G., Peng, M., Zhang, L.M., Zhu, Y., Cai, Q.P.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Shi, Zhenming (7403734462); Guan, Shenggong (56414115400); Peng, Ming (37108434300); Zhang, Limin Min (58883008100); Zhu, Yan (59787639500); Cai, Qipeng (55658429700)
7403734462; 56414115400; 37108434300; 58883008100; 59787639500; 55658429700
Cascading breaching of the Tangjiashan landslide dam and two smaller downstream landslide dams
(2015) Engineering Geology, 193, pp. 445 - 458, Cited 83 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2015.05.021
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84930757148&doi=10.1016%2Fj.enggeo.2015.05.021&partnerID=40&md5=2ff851d1b2dc684666ca949d044c1911

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Engineering, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China; Department of Geotechnical Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Geohazard Prevention (CICGP), Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong; China Shipbuilding Power Engineering Institute Co. Ltd, Shanghai, China; College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
ABSTRACT: The 2008 M<inf>w</inf> 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake triggered at least 257 landslide dams, most of which formed in series along rivers. The failure of an upstream dam could cause the failure of dams downstream one after another. The cascading dam breaching may result in a sharp increase in the flood and more serious damage downstream. This paper aims to simulate the cascading breaching of landslide dams with a case study of the Tangjiashan landslide dam and two smaller dams downstream. A modified DABA model is applied for this purpose, in which the water-soil interactions are simulated with erosion and shallow water flow theory. This paper first introduces the methodology of the cascading dam breach simulation, emphasizing modifications to the DABA model. Then, the cascading breaching of the Tangjiashan landslide dam and two smaller downstream dams is simulated using the modified DABA model. Finally, the influences of several key factors (e.g., dam height, dam width, dam erodibility) on cascading dam breaching are analyzed to identify the critical conditions of overlapping effect in breaching floods. The modified DABA model is shown to be a reliable tool for simulating the cascading dam breaching. The flood from the Tangjiashan dam was not significantly amplified by the breaching of the two small dams downstream, because the two smaller dams breached before the Tangjiashan dam. Some parameters, such as dam crest width and initiation water level, may not influence the peak outflow rate and breach size of a single dam obviously, but may influence the cascading breaching of several dams significantly through the amplification effect. The cascading breaching of several dams is likely to generate multi-peak floods. A critical condition for the overlapping effects of cascading dam breaching is that large and increasing inflow erodes the dam breach downstream in the development phase. If cascade breaching of several landslide dams is inevitable, one principle to mitigate the risks is to lower the breach flood of the largest dam with engineering measures. If significant overlapping effect is predicted, engineering measures may also be taken to breach the smaller dams before the breaching of the large dam upstream or delay the breach of those downstream dams by reinforcement measures. © 2015 Elsevier B.V..
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Cascading failure; Dam breaching; Landslide dam; Peak outflow rate; Risk management; Soil erosion
INDEX KEYWORDS: Earthquakes; Erosion; Floods; Flow of water; Landslides; Risk assessment; Risk management; Rivers; Safety engineering; Water levels; Cascading failures; Dam breaching; Landslide dam; Outflow rate; Soil erosion; Dams; dam failure; flood; landslide; outflow; peak flow; risk assessment; Sichuan earthquake 2008; soil erosion; water level
REFERENCES: Scour Technology Mechanics and Engineering Practice, (2006); 
Wu, Weiming, Earthen embankment breaching, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 137, 12, pp. 1549-1564, (2011); 
Cao, Zhixian, Flood hydraulics due to cascade landslide dam failure, Journal of Flood Risk Management, 4, 2, pp. 104-114, (2011); 
Chang, Dongsheng, Simulation of the erosion process of landslide dams due to overtopping considering variations in soil erodibility along depth, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 10, 4, pp. 933-946, (2010); 
Chang, Dongsheng, Field testing of erodibility of two landslide dams triggered by the 12 May Wenchuan earthquake, Landslides, 8, 3, pp. 321-332, (2011); 
Courage, Wim M.G., System behaviour in flood risk calculations, Georisk, 7, 2, pp. 62-76, (2013); 
Cui, Peng, The 12 May Wenchuan earthquake-induced landslide lakes: Distribution and preliminary risk evaluation, Landslides, 6, 3, pp. 209-223, (2009); 
Cui, Peng, Scale amplification of natural debris flows caused by cascading landslide dam failures, Geomorphology, 182, pp. 173-189, (2013); 
Hu, Xiewen, Analysis of blocking river mechanism of Tangjiashan landslide and dam-breaking mode of its barrier dam, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 28, 1, pp. 181-189, (2009); 
User S Manual of HEC Ras River Analysis System Version 4 0, (2008)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Sun, S.-W., Chen, F.-Q., Wang, W.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Sun, Shuwei (55479098100); Chen, Fuquan (10143055300); Wang, Wei (56985469200)
55479098100; 10143055300; 56985469200
Mechanism and Remediation of a Seismically Induced Landslide with a Potential for Deep Seated Sliding
(2015) Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, 52 (3), pp. 155 - 162, Cited 8 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11204-015-9322-z
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84952298565&doi=10.1007%2Fs11204-015-9322-z&partnerID=40&md5=5e255d5b89fa7b78f43fabf266d21c69

AFFILIATIONS: China University of Mining & Technology, Beijing, Beijing, China; Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
ABSTRACT: This paper presents a study of the failure mechanism and control measures for a seismically induced landslide along the Wanzhou-Liangping expressway in China. It is shown that the dominant cause of the slope stability problem is the original inappropriate geometry of the slope. Slope stability analyses were performed using Spencer's method incorporated with the pseudostatic method, which showed that the rock slope was unstable after the Wenchuan earthquake, and the stability of the studied area was governed mainly by the significant potential of deep sliding. Measures to stabilize unstable zones include resloping and unloading the slope, installing rock anchors and a retaining wall, improving drainage, and vegetating bare areas. The results indicate that the measures were effective in controlling the landslide. © 2015, Springer Science+Business Media New York.
INDEX KEYWORDS: Earthquakes; Landslides; Slope protection; Unloading; Control measures; Failure mechanism; Pseudostatic method; Seismically induced landslide; Slope stability analysis; Slope-stability problems; Spencer's method; Wenchuan Earthquake; Slope stability; failure mechanism; landslide; remediation; seismicity; sliding; slope stability; stability analysis; China; Chongqing; Wanzhou
REFERENCES: Hung Chi Chi Earthquake Induced Landslides in Taiwan International Workshop on Annual Commemoration of Chi Chi Earthquake September 18 20 2000 National Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering Taipei, (2000); 
Bull Seismol Soc Am, (1970); 
Duncan, James Michael, State of the art: Limit equilibrium and finite-element analysis of slopes, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering - ASCE, 122, 7, pp. 577-596, (1996); 
Griffiths, D. V., Slope stability analysis by finite elements, Geotechnique, 49, 3, pp. 387-403, (1999); 
Zienkiewicz, Olgierd C., Associated and non-associated visco-plasticity and plasticity in soil mechanics, Geotechnique, 25, 4, pp. 671-689, (1975); 
Dawson, Ethan M., Slope stability analysis by strength reduction, Geotechnique, 49, 6, pp. 835-840, (1999); 
Darevskii, V. É, Calculation of landslide danger and maximum landslide pressure by the variation method, Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, 31, 2, pp. 79-80, (1994); 
Won, Jinoh, Coupled effects in stability analysis of pile-slope systems, Computers and Geotechnics, 32, 4, pp. 304-315, (2005); 
Slope Stability and Stabilization Methods, (2002); 
Wong, Felix S., Uncertainties in FE modeling of slope stability, Computers and Structures, 19, 5-6, pp. 777-791, (1984)
PUBLISHER: Springer New York LLC barbara.b.bertram@gsk.com
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Huang, Y., Yu, M., Xu, Q., Sawada, K., Moriguchi, S., Yashima, A., Liu, C., Xue, L.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Huang, Yu (57204857931); Yu, Miao (59662930600); Xu, Qiang (56506033600); Sawada, Kazuhide (7402552556); Moriguchi, Shuji (7006434750); Yashima, Atsushi (7003670686); Liu, Chengwei (56447461100); Xue, Long (56447828500)
57204857931; 59662930600; 56506033600; 7402552556; 7006434750; 7003670686; 56447461100; 56447828500
InSAR-derived digital elevation models for terrain change analysis of earthquake-triggered flow-like landslides based on ALOS/PALSAR imagery
(2015) Environmental Earth Sciences, 73 (11), art. no. 72, pp. 7661 - 7668, Cited 28 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s12665-014-3939-5
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84939977938&doi=10.1007%2Fs12665-014-3939-5&partnerID=40&md5=ae7da44d3446dfc5a500652b56ed5d02

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Geotechnical Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Engineering, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Department of Civil Engineering, Gifu University, Gifu, Gifu, Japan; International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
ABSTRACT: Earthquakes can directly trigger multiple simultaneous slope failures in mountainous regions. Among these slope failures, flow-like landslides with high velocities and long run-outs can result in damage that is more destructive than other types of landslides. Timely and accurate recognition of the locations and magnitudes of flow-like landslides is essential for post-disaster relief. Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) sensors are suitable for deformation monitoring because of their capability to operate at day or night and in all weather conditions. Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) is an advanced technique that extracts three-dimensional terrain and changes information from the radar images at a regional scale. The focus of this study is the Donghekou landslide-debris flow that was triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. ALOS/PALSAR remote satellite images were interpreted by InSAR to generate digital surface elevation models. A comparison of data from a typical InSAR configuration with field survey data proves that the former is an effective method for rapidly detecting flow-like landslides in a mountainous area. The comparison also shows that the accuracy of the results is closely related to the correlation between the satellite radar images used, and further that the study accuracy would improve with the inclusion of better correlation. In this way, representations of pre- and post-landslide terrains could be generated for use in numerical simulations. The InSAR method has particular significance for areas without terrain data prior to slope failure, and can provide basic data for landslide hazard assessments. © 2014, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: ALOS/PALSAR; DEM; Earthquake; Flow-like landslide; Hazard assessment; InSAR
INDEX KEYWORDS: Disaster prevention; Earthquakes; Hazards; Landforms; Landslides; Surveying; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; ALOS/PALSAR; DEM; Hazard Assessment; InSAR; Interferometric synthetic aperture radars; Landslide hazard assessment; Three dimensional terrain; Synthetic aperture radar
REFERENCES: Abdikan, Saygin, Monitoring of coal mining subsidence in peri-urban area of Zonguldak city (NW Turkey) with persistent scatterer interferometry using ALOS-PALSAR, Environmental Earth Sciences, 71, 9, pp. 4081-4089, (2014); 
Catani, Filippo, Landslide hazard and risk mapping at catchment scale in the Arno River basin, Landslides, 2, 4, pp. 329-342, (2005); 
Chang, Dongsheng, Field testing of erodibility of two landslide dams triggered by the 12 May Wenchuan earthquake, Landslides, 8, 3, pp. 321-332, (2011); 
Crosta, Giovanni Battista, Small fast-moving flow-like landslides in volcanic deposits: The 2001 Las Colinas Landslide (El Salvador), Engineering Geology, 79, 3-4, pp. 185-214, (2005); 
Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011); 
Dong, Shaochun, Time-series analysis of subsidence associated with rapid urbanization in Shanghai, China measured with SBAS InSAR method, Environmental Earth Sciences, 72, 3, pp. 677-691, (2014); 
Evans, Stephen G., Landslides triggered by the 1949 Khait earthquake, Tajikistan, and associated loss of life, Engineering Geology, 109, 3-4, pp. 195-212, (2009); 
Greif, Vladimír, Monitoring of post-failure landslide deformation by the PS-InSAR technique at Lubietova in Central Slovakia, Environmental Earth Sciences, 66, 6, pp. 1585-1595, (2012); 
Gupta, Mukesh, Monitoring surface elevation changes in Jharia coalfield, India using synthetic aperture radar interferometry, Environmental Earth Sciences, 71, 6, pp. 2875-2883, (2014); 
Gong, Jianhuaa Hua, Earthquake-induced geological hazards detection under hierarchical stripping classification framework in the Beichuan area, Landslides, 7, 2, pp. 181-189, (2010)
PUBLISHER: Springer Verlag service@springer.de
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Liu, F., Yang, S.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Liu, Feng (58842781300); Yang, Shunhu (55799636400)
58842781300; 55799636400
The effect of the Wenchuan earthquake on the fluvial morphology in the Longmen Shan, eastern Tibetan Plateau: Discussion and speculation
(2015) Quaternary International, 371, pp. 280 - 289, Cited 12 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.quaint.2014.09.021
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84930274233&doi=10.1016%2Fj.quaint.2014.09.021&partnerID=40&md5=1d80cf339461a15f593a9242d34ab65d

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China; Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Although large earthquakes can have significant impacts on the geomorphology of mountain rivers, the consequences of such impacts remain poorly understood. The Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake of 12 May 2008 created knickpoints (waterfalls) in the river systems of the Longmen Shan, eastern Tibet Plateau, in addition to numerous landslides along rivers. In this study, we use high-resolution remote sensing images and field surveys to examine how the Baisha and Jianjiang River channels responded to the Wenchuan earthquake. The morphological response along the Baisha River was a knickpoint, with a height of 4.5 m, which was studied from 2008 to 2012. However, the river did not show rapid incision via knickpoint migration during the post-earthquake period. In fact, post-seismic flooding destroyed the face of the co-seismic knickpoint. The rapid removal of the knickpoint suggests that the abrupt vertical displacement associated with the earthquake did not exceed the adjustment threshold of the fluvial dynamic equilibrium, and so was unable to drive rapid morphological change at the local scale. Along the Jianjiang River, the average meander migration rate of the Beichuan reach was -2.8 m/yr between 2001 and 2008, but increased to 51.1 m/yr during the five years following the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. This rapid increase in the meander migration rate is attributed to excess sediment supplied to the river as a consequence of the earthquake. These two case studies indicate that the Wenchuan earthquake caused channel aggradation rather than a significant increase in river incision by locally generating relief across the river. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Channel morphology; Co-seismic knickpoint; Landslide; Meandering migration rate; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: channel morphology; coseismic process; landslide; meander; neotectonics; remote sensing; seismic migration; Sichuan earthquake 2008; China; Longmen Mountains; Qinghai-Xizang Plateau
REFERENCES: Origin and Significance of Sinuosity Along Incising Bedrock Rivers, (2008); 
Burbank, Douglas W., Tectonic Geomorphology: Second Edition, (2011); 
Burchfiel, B. Clark, Tectonics of the Longmen Shan and Adjacent Regions, Central China, International Geology Review, 37, 8, pp. 661-735, (1995); 
Burchfiel, B. Clark, A geological and geophysical context for the Wenchuan earthquake of 12 May 2008, Sichuan, People's Republic of China, GSA Today, 18, 7, pp. 4-11, (2008); 
Agu Fall Meeting, (2010); 
Chen, Chienyuan, Sedimentary impacts from landslides in the Tachia River Basin, Taiwan, Geomorphology, 105, 3-4, pp. 355-365, (2009); 
Knickpoint Retreat and Fluvial Incision Following the 1999 Chi Chi Earthquake Da an River Gorge Taiwan, (2010); 
Agu Fall Meeting, (2010); 
Dadson, Simon J., Links between erosion, runoff variability and seismicity in the Taiwan orogen, Nature, 426, 6967, pp. 648-651, (2003); 
Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier Ltd
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zhou, X., Qian, Q., Cheng, H., Zhang, H.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhou, Xiaoping Pinga (55485012800); Qian, Qihu (7102168548); Cheng, Hao (55347541800); Zhang, Haipeng (56739957500)
55485012800; 7102168548; 55347541800; 56739957500
Stability analysis of two-dimensional landslides subjected to seismic loads
(2015) Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica, 28 (3), art. no. 30013, pp. 262 - 276, Cited 17 times.
DOI: 10.1016/S0894-9166(15)30013-6
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84938053960&doi=10.1016%2FS0894-9166%2815%2930013-6&partnerID=40&md5=9bb1655380a3e82a95f00ac064c22d59

AFFILIATIONS: Chongqing University, Chongqing, China; Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, Beijing, China; PLA University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; State Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation of Explosion and Impact, PLA University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
ABSTRACT: Abstract In the past, the pseudo-static method used to be the most common for evaluating the stability of landslides under seismic loads, in which static forces acting on the center of gravity of a sliding body are used to consider the effects of earthquake. However, seismic loads of rock and soil differ from time and location to time and location. Obviously, it is irrational for the pseudo-static approach to be applied to solving dynamic problems. In this paper, a displacement-pseudo-dynamic model is proposed to assess seismic stability of landslides, in which the sinusoidal-cosinusoidal wave is applied to simulating earthquake displacement, and an "amplification factor" of peak seismic displacement is referred to as the amplification of seismic wave when it propagates from the bottom to the top of the landslide. The effects of physico-mechanical behaviors of a sliding body on seismic stability of soil slopes are taken into account as well as inertia forces and damping forces. The sensitivity analyses on the permanent displacement and the dynamic factor of safety of landslides are studied in detail. Moreover, a large-scale Tangjiashan landslide that occurred in Wenchuan earthquake is investigated to verify the robustness and precision of the present method. It is found that the results from the present method is in good agreement with those from the previous method. © 2015 The Chinese Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: damping force; displacement-pseudo-dynamic model; inertia force; pseudo-dynamic factor of safety; seismic loads; slices method; sliding displacement; two-dimensional landslides
INDEX KEYWORDS: Damping; Dynamic models; Gravitation; Landslides; Safety factor; Sensitivity analysis; Damping forces; Inertia force; Pseudo-dynamics; Seismic load; Slices method; Sliding displacements; Earthquakes
REFERENCES: Cruden, David M., A simple definition of a landslide, Bulletin of the International Association of Engineering Geology - Bulletin de l'Association Internationale de Géologie de l'Ingénieur, 43, 1, pp. 27-29, (1991); 
Keefer, David K., Statiscal analysis of an earthquake-induced landslide distribution - The 1989 Loma Prieta, California event, Engineering Geology, 58, 3-4, pp. 231-249, (2000); 
Arvin, Mohammad Reza, Seismic behavior of slopes by lower bound dynamic shakedown theory, Computers and Geotechnics, 39, pp. 107-115, (2012); 
Hack, H. Robert G.K., Influence of earthquakes on the stability of slopes, Engineering Geology, 91, 1, pp. 4-15, (2007); 
Mechanism of Landslides, (1950); 
Baker, Raphael, Sufficient conditions for existence of physically significant solutions in limiting equilibrium slope stability analysis, International Journal of Solids and Structures, 40, 13-14, pp. 3717-3735, (2003); 
Shukha, Robert, Design implications of the vertical pseudo-static coefficient in slope analysis, Computers and Geotechnics, 35, 1, pp. 86-96, (2008); 
Grelle, Gerardo Gerardo, Methodology for seismic and post-seismic stability assessment of natural clay slopes based on a viscoplastic behaviour model in simplified dynamic analysis, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 31, 9, pp. 1248-1260, (2011); 
Seed, Harry Bolton, Considerations in the Earthquake-Resistant Design of Earth and Rockfill Dams, Geotechnique, 29, 3, pp. 215-263, (1979); 
Newmark, Nathan M., Effects of earthquakes on dams and embankments, Geotechnique, 15, 2, pp. 139-160, (1965)
PUBLISHER: Huazhong University of Science and Technology
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Luo, J., Pei, X., Huang, R., Du, Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Luo, Jing (56718865700); Pei, Xiangjun (14058672500); Huang, Runqiu (55835407700); Du, Ye (56660138400)
56718865700; 14058672500; 55835407700; 56660138400
Influencing factors for damage degree of shattered landslide rock mass under high seismic action
(2015) Yantu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 37 (6), pp. 1105 - 1114, Cited 11 times.
DOI: 10.11779/CJGE201506017
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84936977065&doi=10.11779%2FCJGE201506017&partnerID=40&md5=af61b51f671dfc06bca4273b129877e0

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: Massive seismic landslides are triggered by Wenchuan Earthquake, and rock mass of the landslides is generally caught with different degrees of seismic damage. Field investigations of Daguangbao landslide are conducted, and certain regularity is obtained that the damage degree of different rock mass parts relates with buried depth, topography and lithology conditions. The influencing factors for the damage degree of shattered landslide rock mass under high seismic action are investigated through fatigue tests from the viewpoint of dynamics. The test results indicate that the upper limit stress is the primary factor to influence the damage degree of rock mass, and the stress level is the premise of vibration frequency which influences the damage degree of rock mass. Further analysis is proceeded, and it is found that different sites of landslide are controlled by the differences of buried depth and topography, resulting in different seismic forces and stress states, and they are the dynamic factor for the damage degree of rock mass. The differences in the structure of rock mass with different lithologies will lead to different failure characteristics and determine different damage degrees under the same seismic load, and they should be treated as internal factors. The strong damage of rock mass induced by strong impact force of earthquakes at the initial outbreak in a short period and the defects of rock mass structure are the basis of the final rock seismic damage. The aforementioned researches provide a basis for the rapid qualitative evaluation of seismic damage of rock mass under strong earthquakes, and enrich the formation mechanism of the rock mass fragments in Daguangbao sliding zone. ©, 2015, Chinese Society of Civil Engineering. All right reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Daguangbao landslide; Dolomite; Fatigue test; Seismic damage
INDEX KEYWORDS: Earthquakes; Fatigue of materials; Fatigue testing; Geotechnical engineering; Landslides; Lithology; Rock mechanics; Topography; Daguangbao landslides; Dolomite; Failure characteristics; Field investigation; Formation mechanism; Qualitative evaluations; Seismic damage; Vibration frequency; Rocks
REFERENCES: Journal of Engineering Geology, (2008); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2025); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2013); 
Ge, Xiurun, Primary study of CT real-time testing of fatigue meso-damage propagation law of rock, Yantu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 23, 2, (2001); 
Ge, Xiurun, Testing study on fatigue deformation law of rock under cyclic loading, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 22, 10, pp. 1581-1585, (2003); 
undefined, (2013); 
undefined, (2012); 
China Earthquake Engineering Journal, (2013); 
Proposed Method to Rock Mechanics Test, (1982); 
Fatigue Failure and Deformation Development Law of Rock Under Cyclic Load, (2003)
PUBLISHER: Chinese Society of Civil Engineering
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Yin, Y., Li, B., Wang, W.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Yin, Yueping (55687306100); Li, Bin (57283602100); Wang, Wenpei (36912851700)
55687306100; 57283602100; 36912851700
Dynamic analysis of the stabilized Wangjiayan landslide in the Wenchuan Ms 8.0 earthquake and aftershocks
(2015) Landslides, 12 (3), pp. 537 - 547, Cited 62 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s10346-014-0497-6
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84930081556&doi=10.1007%2Fs10346-014-0497-6&partnerID=40&md5=f1892bb2006b58f8a43e912fc6857224

AFFILIATIONS: China Institute of Geo-environment Monitoring, CGS, Beijing, China; Institute of Geomechanics, China Geological Survey, Beijing, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: This paper discusses the effect of the May 12, 2008 Wenchuan earthquake on a landslide where stabilization work had taken place and compares the results to sites without stabilization. Contours of shear strain increment and displacement values obtained using a FLAC3D simulation show that the Wangjiayan landslide, which had stabilization work, was stable before the Wenchuan earthquake. Simulations using input strong motion accelerations from the main shock recorded at Qingping station, within the main seismic fault zone, suggest a shear strain increment about 3,000 times more than it was before the main shock. Although the stability of the stabilized landslide decreased during the earthquake, the displacement values were very small. Modeled displacements suggest that the piles played a major role in keeping the slope from sliding. The anti-slide piles were subjected to high shaking acceleration. The strong ground motion records for a time range of 10 to 30 s show that the piles generally experienced accelerations in the range from 0.0 to 3.0 g, with a few spikes of about 5.0 g. Special observation stations were set up to monitor the slope motion at Qingchuan town, 150 km far from the Wangjiayan landslide, along the main central seismic fault zone, after the Wenchuan earthquake. The variation in acceleration with time and the FOS versus time of the Wangjiayan landslide were investigated using these acceleration records of the aftershocks as input data. The aftershock accelerations did not decrease the stability of the Wangjiayan landslide, but an amplification effect on the acceleration of the slope at different elevations was illustrated. © 2014, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Aftershock; Dynamic analysis; Existing stabilization work; Landslide; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Acceleration; Dynamic analysis; Earthquake effects; Faulting; Landslides; Piles; Seismology; Shear strain; Slope stability; Stabilization; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Aftershock; Amplification effects; Displacement value; Shear strain increment; Stabilization works; Strong ground motion; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes
REFERENCES: Cui, Fangpeng, Discrete element analysis of collapsing and sliding response of slope triggered by time difference coupling effects of P and S seismic waves - Taking Tangjiashan landslide in beichuan county for example, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 29, 2, pp. 319-327, (2010); 
Dawson, Ethan M., Slope stability analysis by strength reduction, Geotechnique, 49, 6, pp. 835-840, (1999); 
Griffiths, D. V., Slope stability analysis by finite elements, Geotechnique, 49, 3, pp. 387-403, (1999); 
FLAC Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua, (2005); 
Matsui, Tamotsu, Finite element slope stability analysis by shear strength reduction technique, Soils and Foundations, 32, 1, pp. 59-70, (1992); 
Sun, Ping, Does vertical seismic force play an important role for the failure mechanism of rock avalanches? A case study of rock avalanches triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake of May 12, 2008, Sichuan, China, Environmental Earth Sciences, 66, 5, pp. 1285-1293, (2012); 
Wang, Fawu, Preliminary investigation of some large landslides triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan Province, China, Landslides, 6, 1, pp. 47-54, (2009); 
Geoscience, (2011); 
Wang, Yunsheng, Slope seismic response monitoring on the aftershocks of the Wenchuan earthquake in the Mianzhu section, Journal of Mountain Science, 9, 4, pp. 523-528, (2012); 
Yin, Yueping, Vertical acceleration effect on landsides triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake, China, Environmental Earth Sciences, 71, 11, pp. 4703-4714, (2014)
PUBLISHER: Springer Verlag service@springer.de
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Chang, M., Tang, C., Ni, H., Qu, Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Chang, Ming (36727157900); Tang, Chuan (35932953300); Ni, Huayong (36548802400); Qu, Yongping (56549385600)
36727157900; 35932953300; 36548802400; 56549385600
Evolution process of sediment supply for debris flow occurrence in the Longchi area of Dujiangyan City after the Wenchuan earthquake
(2015) Landslides, 12 (3), pp. 611 - 623, Cited 26 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s10346-015-0571-8
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84930081399&doi=10.1007%2Fs10346-015-0571-8&partnerID=40&md5=d625df02be2b8da73ea8c0b00e9e6a9b

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Chengdu Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: In order to analyze the changes in the sediment budget after the Wenchuan earthquake and after the heavy rain events in the following years, 12 debris flow gullies in the Longchi Dujiangyan County were selected. A comparison of the TM images taken on 18 September 2007 (before the “5.12” Wenchuan earthquake) with the SPOT5 images taken on 10 February 2009 (after the “5.12” Wenchuan earthquake) indicates that the landslide area in the 12 debris flow watersheds increased from 83.1 × 103 m2 to 3126.5 × 103 m2. Also, the gully length increased by 60.55 %, and the area with deposits in the channel bed increased by 134.80 %. A comparison of the SPOT5 images taken on 10 February 2009 (after the “5.12” Wenchuan earthquake) with the WorldView-2 images taken on 26 April 2011 (after the large rainstorm event in August 2011) showed that the landslide area increased by 24.8 % from 3126.5 × 103 m2 to 3902.8 × 103 m2 while the gully length increased by 26 % and the channel deposits by 12 %. A comparison of the WorldView-2 images taken on 26 April 2011 with the WorldView-2 images taken on 14 July 2011 indicated that the landslide area increased in this relatively dry period by only 2.3 %. © 2015, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flow; Dynamic evolution; Landslides; Remote sensing; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Budget control; Debris; Deposits; Landforms; Landslides; Remote sensing; Storms; Debris flow occurrences; Debris flows; Dynamic evolution; Evolution process; Heavy rain event; Landslide areas; Sediment budgets; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes; debris flow; gully; landslide; remote sensing; sediment budget; Sichuan earthquake 2008; SPOT-5; China; Dujiangyan; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Alexander, David E., Urban landslides, Progress in Physical Geography, 13, 2, pp. 157-189, (1989); 
Journal of Mountain Sciences, (2012); 
Chang, Ming, Debris flow susceptibility assessment using a probabilistic approach: A case study in the Longchi area, Sichuan province, China, Journal of Mountain Science, 11, 4, pp. 1001-1014, (2014); 
Ma, Chao, Comparison of debris-flow volume and activity under different formation conditions, Natural Hazards, 67, 2, pp. 261-273, (2013); 
Chen, Ningsheng, The critical rainfall characteristics for torrents and debris flows in the Wenchuan earthquake stricken area, Journal of Mountain Science, 6, 4, pp. 362-372, (2009); 
Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011); 
Dong, J. J., The role of the sediment budget in understanding debris flow susceptibility, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 34, 12, pp. 1612-1624, (2009); 
Hürlimann, Marcel, Detailed debris flow hazard assessment in Andorra: A multidisciplinary approach, Geomorphology, 78, 3-4, pp. 359-372, (2006); 
Khattak, Ghazanfar Ali, Evolution of earthquake-triggered landslides in the Kashmir Himalaya, northern Pakistan, Geomorphology, 115, 1-2, pp. 102-108, (2010); 
Koi, Takashi, Prolonged impact of earthquake-induced landslides on sediment yield in a mountain watershed: The Tanzawa region, Japan, Geomorphology, 101, 4, pp. 692-702, (2008)
PUBLISHER: Springer Verlag service@springer.de
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zhang, Y., Zhang, J., Chen, G., Zheng, L., Li, Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhang, Yingbin Bin (57214256630); Zhang, Jue (56571828600); Chen, Guangqi (55577206900); Zheng, Lu (55273034500); Li, Yange (55339639500)
57214256630; 56571828600; 55577206900; 55273034500; 55339639500
Effects of vertical seismic force on initiation of the Daguangbao landslide induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake
(2015) Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 73, pp. 91 - 102, Cited 105 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2014.06.036
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84925655188&doi=10.1016%2Fj.soildyn.2014.06.036&partnerID=40&md5=ef7ecd2dd1d91ff6556bb1e3057b4e03

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Transportation Tunnel Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Department of Geotechnical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Japan; Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: This paper analyses the effects of vertical seismic force on initiation mechanism of near-fault large-scale landslides by using the Daguangbao landslide induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake as an example. Field investigations showed that tension failure plays an important role in failure mechanism, and the tension failure is due to the effect of a large vertical seismic motion that occurred in the meizoseismal area during the earthquake. Firstly, two key issues in seismic analysis of near-fault large-scale landslide are proposed: i) how to select and correct the severe near-fault excitations with significant co-seismic displacements and ii) how to consider the effect of the landslide scale on estimation of material strength. Then, in order to investigate the effect of the severe vertical seismic force on the initiation of the huge Daguangbao landslide, five cases, 1) static; 2) pseudo-static only-horizontal; 3) pseudo-static horizontal-and-vertical; 4) dynamic only-horizontal; 5) dynamic horizontal-and-vertical, are performed using the finite difference program FLAC3D. The simulation results are presented in terms of tension failure area, factor of safety, and displacement. The results confirm the significant effects of vertical seismic force on seismic slope failure mechanism as the tension failure areas and the displacements observed in the case of horizontal-and-vertical are larger than those observed in the case of only-horizontal. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: FLAC3D; Large-scale; Near-fault; Seismic slope; Tension failure; Vertical seismic
INDEX KEYWORDS: Dynamics; Embankment dams; Failure (mechanical); Faulting; Landslides; Safety factor; Seismology; Strength of materials; FLAC; Large-scale; Near fault; Seismic slope; Tension failure; Vertical seismic; Earthquakes; coseismic process; displacement; earthquake mechanism; failure mechanism; finite difference method; landslide; seismic response; Sichuan earthquake 2008; slope dynamics; slope failure; three-dimensional modeling; trigger mechanism; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Aoi, Shin, Trampoline effect in extreme ground motion, Science, 322, 5902, pp. 727-730, (2008); 
Boore, David M., Effect of baseline corrections on displacements and response spectra for several recordings of the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, earthquake, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 91, 5, pp. 1199-1211, (2001); 
Intech, (2011); 
Dawson, Ethan M., Slope stability analysis by strength reduction, Geotechnique, 49, 6, pp. 835-840, (1999); 
de Michele, Marcello D., Three-dimensional surface displacement of the 2008 May 12 Sichuan earthquake (China) derived from Synthetic Aperture Radar: Evidence for rupture on a blind thrust, Geophysical Journal International, 183, 3, pp. 1097-1103, (2010); 
Gazetas, George C., Effects of near-fault ground shaking on sliding systems, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering - ASCE, 135, 12, pp. 1906-1921, (2010); 
Hoek, E., Estimating Mohr-Coulomb friction and cohesion values from the Hoek-Brown failure criterion, International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences and Geomechanics, 27, 3, pp. 227-229, (1990); 
Proceedings of the 15th Canadian Rock Mechanics Symposium, (1988); 
Hoek, E., Practical estimates of rock mass strength, International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences and Geomechanics, 34, 8, pp. 1165-1186, (1997); 
Proceedings of the Fifth North American Rock Mechanics Symposium, (2002)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier Ltd
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Guo, H., Yao, L., Guo, C., Huang, Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Guo, Haiqiang (56540412500); Yao, Lingkan (7201688064); Guo, Chenwen (55755754300); Huang, Yidan (36618861800)
56540412500; 7201688064; 55755754300; 36618861800
Study on the response mechanism of sandpile model tests with increased seismic loading
(2015) Hunan Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Hunan University Natural Sciences, 42 (5), pp. 99 - 106, Cited 4 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84930720599&partnerID=40&md5=cb5ce4acda56abb35c5a5a59f6aa838c

AFFILIATIONS: School of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; MOE Key Laboratory of High-Speed Railway Engineering, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Road and Railway Engineering Research Inst, Sichuan Key Laboratory of Aseismic Engineering and Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: According to the phenomenon of statistical relationships showing different distributions, between the area and cumulative frequency of landslides in X, XI seismic intensity of Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, 6 sandpile model tests under seismic were conducted with the increase of seismic peak ground acceleration ranging from 0.075 g to 0.450 g. The phenomenon of statistical relationships was reproduced by the tests between the amount and cumulative frequency of sand changing from power-law distribution to lognormal distribution, then to normal distribution, with increase of seismic loading. By mathematical analysis, the decrease of the coefficient of variation is the cause of probability distribution shift between power-law, lognormal distribution and normal distribution. Observed through experiments, the performance of grains on the surface of sandpile will show different models with the increase of seismic loading. Under weak vibration, the probability that the activity will die is overall balanced with the probability that the activity will branch. A large-scale collapse occurs when there is a chain interaction between neighboring grains. It has the greatest uncertainty. Under strong vibration, most grains start independently. A large-scale collapse becomes a certain event. Therefore, the scale of collapse is transformed from the chain reaction of unstable grains triggered by self-organized effect to the independent falling of unstable grains triggered by vibrating force effect, which is the physical mechanism of the reducing of C<inf>v</inf>. According to the above realization, the phenomenon of the relation between area and cumulative frequency changing from power-law distribution to lognormal distribution with the increase of seismic intensity of Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake may be universal. ©, 2015, Hunan University. All right reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Coefficient of variation; Earthquake; Landslide; Sandpile model test; Self-organized criticality (SOC)
INDEX KEYWORDS: Landslides; Normal distribution; Sand; Coefficient of variation; Cumulative frequencies; Different distributions; Log-normal distribution; Peak ground acceleration; Sand-pile models; Self-organized criticality; Statistical relationship; Earthquakes
REFERENCES: Bak, Per, Self-organized criticality, Scientific American, 264, 1, pp. 46-53, (1991); 
Held, Glenn A., Experimental study of critical-mass fluctuations in an evolving sandpile, Physical Review Letters, 65, 9, pp. 1120-1123, (1990); 
Science in China Series E, (2003); 
Yao, Lingkan, Fractal characteristics of gravity landform and its SOC mechanism, Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences, 12, 4, pp. 605-609, (2007); 
Yao, Lingkan, Self-organized criticality and its application in granular mixtures, Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 35, 1, (2003); 
Journal of the Seismological Society of Japan, (1969); 
Hovius, Niels, Sediment flux from a mountain belt derived by landslide mapping, Geology, 25, 3, pp. 231-234, (1997); 
Hovius, Niels, Supply and removal of sediment in a landslide-dominated mountain belt: Central Range, Taiwan, Journal of Geology, 108, 1, pp. 73-89, (2000); 
Yao, Lingkan, The self-organized criticality of landslids triggered by earthquake, Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 42, 5, pp. 33-43, (2010); 
Yang, Qinghua, Analysis of self-organized criticality of centrifugal model tests on granular mixtures and earthquake effect, Yantu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 29, 11, pp. 1630-1635, (2007)
PUBLISHER: Hunan University
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Pei, X., Huang, R., Cui, S., Du, Y., Zhang, W.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Pei, Xiangjun (14058672500); Huang, Runqiu (55835407700); Cui, Shenghua (56660242900); Du, Ye (56660138400); Zhang, Weifeng (55706462700)
14058672500; 55835407700; 56660242900; 56660138400; 55706462700
The rock mass cataclastic characteristics of daguangbao landslide and its engineering geological significance
(2015) Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 34, pp. 3106 - 3115, Cited 25 times.
DOI: 10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2013.1876
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84930077289&doi=10.13722%2Fj.cnki.jrme.2013.1876&partnerID=40&md5=ce1383fe152a0f7211d03cc922ef8173

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: Over the past six years after "5·12" Wenchuan earthquake, we have carried out engineering geological surveying, acoustic detection, coring-drilling, electron microscope scanning and other works to the Daguangbao landslide, which is the largest landslide induced by Wenchuan earthquake. Studies showed that the sliding zone of this landslide occurred in dolomite intraformational disturbed zone which was located in the third section of Denying group of Sinian system(Zd3). Comprehensive studies reveal the macroscopic characteristics of the fragmentation rock of slide bed as follows: the rock presents sandy soil within the 0-1 m depth below sliding surface, which the sand content occupy more than 60%;1m below the sliding surface, the average rock acoustic velocity is range in 2 500-3 000 m/s, in addition the integrity index of the rock tends to 0.15-0.77. On the whole, the damage degree of the rock mass generally decrease with the depth increase of slip bed, but under the same depth those increase with the elevation increasing, except the local difference broken. On the other hand, microscopic study reveals that the compression-shear crystal of rock mass of slip zone is fold and torsional fracture with lots of transgranular crack, which shows parts crystal loose and intergranular connection loss. Study reveals the significance of engineering geology as follows: (1) Property of the rock mass in sliding zone mainly controlled by argillaceous graniphyric dolomite of intraformational extrusion dislocation, which the composition of this layer is complicate with the high degree of weathering, joint development and poor integrity; (2) Under "5·12" Wenchuan earthquake, the rock mass of slide zone generated strong shear failure (tensile and compressive shear failure) and wing crack extend, which caused sharp drop of the rock shear strength index and the integrity coefficient, thus deterioration of the rock mass. Furthermore, the rolling and rubbing action of thick sliding body afther starting further promote frictional resistance reducing in the sliding zone rock mass. In summary, the fragmentation of rock mass damage of Daguangbao sliding zone is a dynamicly progressive evolution process of rock internal defects under seismic load, the lithology and rock structural characteristics of slide zone are the main intrinsic factors, earthquake loads are its key external incentives. ©, 2015, Academia Sinica. All right reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Daguangbao landslide; Intraformational disturbed zone; Rock fragmentation; Slope engineering; The friction resistance sharp drops; The ground motion effect
INDEX KEYWORDS: Acoustic wave velocity; Cracks; Crystals; Deterioration; Drops; Earthquake effects; Engineering geology; Friction; Landslides; Lithology; Rock bursts; Rock mechanics; Tensile strength; Textures; Weathering; Daguangbao landslides; Friction resistance; Ground motions; Rock fragmentation; Slope engineering; Rocks
REFERENCES: Journal of Engineering Geology, (2008); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2025); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2011); 
Yin, Yueping, Dynamic response characteristics of Daguangbao landslide triggered by Wenchuan earthquake, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 31, 10, pp. 1969-1982, (2012); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2013); 
Study on Damage Features of the Rock Mass in the Sliding Belt of the Giant Landslide Under the Strong Earthquakea Case of Daguangbao Landslide, (2012); 
Acta Geologica Sinica, (2010); 
Journal of China University of Mining and Technology, (1983); 
Microgeology Research in Scanning Electron Microscopy, (1999); 
Deformation Microstructure Identification Manual, (2009)
PUBLISHER: Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Hu, W., Xu, Q., Rui, C., Huang, R., van Asch, T.W.J., Zhu, X., Xu, Q.Q.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Hu, Wei (42361224100); Xu, Qiang (56506033600); Rui, C. (57213497981); Huang, Runqiu (55835407700); van Asch, Theodore W.J. (6701661708); Zhu, X. (59614305600); Xu, Q. Q. (56194381000)
42361224100; 56506033600; 57213497981; 55835407700; 6701661708; 59614305600; 56194381000
An instrumented flume to investigate the initiation mechanism of the post-earthquake huge debris flow in the southwest of China
(2015) Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 74 (2), pp. 393 - 404, Cited 23 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s10064-014-0627-3
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84946896113&doi=10.1007%2Fs10064-014-0627-3&partnerID=40&md5=537ecbcc50803fa2423fb52eac6b8580

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geo-Hazard Prevention and Geo-Environment Protection, University of Technology, Chengdu, Guangdong, China; Universiteit Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands; Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
ABSTRACT: The 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake in SW China in the Sichuan Province generated many co-seismic landslides, which delivered a huge amount of loose co-seismic landslide deposits. It caused a dramatic increase in debris flow occurrence in the subsequent years. The mechanism of these runoff debris flows has not been completely understood. The study of the complexity of the phenomenon, such as runoff-induced erosion in initially unsaturated granular deposits, and damming and breaching effects caused by instability in gully banks due to erosion, requires the use of a well-equipped flume. To this aim, an instrumented flume was built at Chengdu University of Technology for the study of the initiation mechanism. Advanced equipment such as the 3D laser scanner was used to monitor the change in tomography of the slope during the test. And some sensors for unsaturated soils such as TDR and tensiometers were installed to capture the change of hydraulic properties of soil. Especially, the erosion was analyzed quantitatively by collecting the washing-out material every 20 s. The preliminary experimental results are very encouraging for investigating the initial mechanism of debris flow. The erosion curve was obtained, and the damming and breaching effect was found to be of key importance to the initiation process. © 2014, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flow; Erosion; Instrumented flume test; Unsaturated loose deposits
INDEX KEYWORDS: Debris; Deposits; Earthquakes; Erosion; Geophysics; Hydraulic machinery; Landslides; Scanning; Seismology; Soil testing; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Debris flow occurrences; Debris flows; Hydraulic properties; Initiation mechanism; Initiation process; Loose deposits; Seismic landslides; Runoff
REFERENCES: Anderson, Scott A., Analysis of rainfall-induced debris flows, Journal of Geotechcnical Engineering, 121, 7, pp. 544-552, (1995); 
Berti, Matteo, Experimental evidences and numerical modelling of debris flow initiated by channel runoff, Landslides, 2, 3, pp. 171-182, (2005); 
U S Geological Survey Professional Paper, (1975); 
Cannon, Susan H., Wildfire-related debris-flow generation through episodic progressive sediment-bulking processes, western USA, International Conference on Debris-Flow Hazards Mitigation: Mechanics, Prediction, and Assessment, Proceedings, 1, pp. 71-82, (2003); 
Egashira, Shinji, Experimental study on the entrainment of bed material into debris flow, Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part C: Solar, Terrestrial and Planetary Science, 26, 9, pp. 645-650, (2001); 
Iverson, Richard M., Groundwater flow fields in infinite slopes, Geotechnique, 40, 1, pp. 139-143, (1990); 
Iverson, Richard M., Positive feedback and momentum growth during debris-flow entrainment of wet bed sediment, Nature Geoscience, 4, 2, pp. 116-121, (2011); 
Montgomery, David R., A physically based model for the topographic control on shallow landsliding, Water Resources Research, 30, 4, pp. 1153-1171, (1994); 
Olivares, L., Postfailure mechanics of landslides: Laboratory investigation of flowslides in pyroclastic soils, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering - ASCE, 133, 1, pp. 51-62, (2007); 
Terrain Stability Mapping with Sinmap Technical Description and Users Guide for Version 1 00, (1998)
PUBLISHER: Springer Verlag service@springer.de
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; BRONZE OPEN ACCESS

Yang, C., Zhang, J., Bi, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Yang, Changwei (55635393100); Zhang, Jianjing (36669710100); Bi, Junwei (59434922600)
55635393100; 36669710100; 59434922600
Application of Hilbert-Huang Transform to the analysis of the landslides triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake
(2015) Journal of Mountain Science, 12 (3), pp. 711 - 720, Cited 11 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11629-014-3015-3
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84930650759&doi=10.1007%2Fs11629-014-3015-3&partnerID=40&md5=75529483502098eb362ae90748475ae6

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Transportation Tunnel Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: A steep rock hill with two side slopes located at DK30+256 of National Road 213 was used as a prototype for analysis. The full process from initial deformation to sliding of the slope during ground shaking was simulated by using a new Continuum-based Discrete Element Method. During the earthquake, when shaking amplitudes were lower, the stress concentration points firstly appeared at the top of the slip mass, and then some tension failure points appeared, followed by shear failure points. At the same time, both the instantaneous frequencies of accelerations in the bedrock and that in the slip mass basically stayed in two different ranges. The energy transmittance coefficients of the sliding surface also stayed in a high range. As the ground shaking lasted, the number of failure points gradually increased until landslide occurrence. The instantaneous frequencies of accelerations in the slip mass and the energy transmittance coefficients of sliding surface gradually decreased, and both finally converged to a lower range. And then, the reasons triggering landslides are analysis in the joint time-frequency domain using Hilbert-Huang Transform, as follows: the differences of distribution and dissipation of the earthquake energy and the inconsistency of movements between the slip mass and the bedrock were the two major influence factors. © 2015, Science Press, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, CAS and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Discrete Element Method; Hilbert-Huang Transform; Landslide; Wenchuan Earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: deformation; discrete element method; landslide; Sichuan earthquake 2008; transform; trigger mechanism; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Cao, Yanbo, Discrete element simulation of deformation and movement mechanism for Tangjiashan landslide, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 30, SUPPL. 1, pp. 2878-2887, (2011); 
Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011); 
Havenith, Hans Balder, Site effect analysis around the seismically induced Ananevo rockslide, Kyrgyzstan, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 92, 8, pp. 3190-3209, (2002); 
Havenith, Hans Balder, Seismic triggering of landslides, Part A: Field evidence from the Northern Tien Shan, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 3, 1-2, pp. 135-149, (2003); 
Huang, Norden E., The empirical mode decomposition and the Hubert spectrum for nonlinear and non-stationary time series analysis, Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 454, 1971, pp. 903-995, (1998); 
Jibson, Randall W., A method for producing digital probabilistic seismic landslide hazard maps, Engineering Geology, 58, 3-4, pp. 271-289, (2000); 
Khazai, Bijan, Evaluation of factors controlling earthquake-induced landslides caused by Chi-Chi earthquake and comparison with the Northridge and Loma Prieta events, Engineering Geology, 71, 1-2, pp. 79-95, (2004); 
Li, Shihai, Analysis method for landslide stability, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 28, SUPPL. 2, pp. 3309-3324, (2009); 
Li, Yonggang, Depth-dependent structure of the Landers fault zone from trapped waves generated by aftershocks, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 105, 3, pp. 6237-6254, (2000); 
Rovelli, Antonio, Can seismic waves be trapped inside an inactive fault zone? The case study of Nocera Umbra, Central Italy, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 92, 6, pp. 2217-2232, (2002)
PUBLISHER: Science Press shengtaixuebao@mail.rcees.ac.cn
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wang, J., Yu, Y., Pan, H., Qiao, C., Ou, G.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wang, Jun (57214696475); Yu, Yan (56364602800); Pan, Huali (23493786200); Qiao, Cheng (59662938100); Ou, Guoqiang (8891006800)
57214696475; 56364602800; 23493786200; 59662938100; 8891006800
Debris flow formation process and critical hydrodynamic conditions in the meizoseismal area of the Wenchuan earthquake
(2015) Journal of Mountain Science, 12 (3), pp. 699 - 710, Cited 10 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11629-014-3370-0
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84930201284&doi=10.1007%2Fs11629-014-3370-0&partnerID=40&md5=944bc2a5ba5746a965456851815331b1

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: The Wenchuan earthquake generated strong surface disturbances and triggered a large number of loose deposits, resulting in the disaster-prone environment with special watershed hydrological characteristics. This paper was to propose a debris flow formation process and explore the permeability characteristics and critical hydrodynamic conditions of the loose deposits triggered by the earthquake. The Guo Juanyan gully (31°05′27″ N to 31°05′46″ N, 103°36′58″ E to 103°37′09″ E) in Du Jiangyan City, located in the meizoseismal areas of the Wenchuan earthquake, was chosen as the study area and the disaster-prone environment was analyzed. The formation process of the debris flow was first proposed using a stability analysis, and then, the permeability characteristics of loose deposits were determined via in situ permeability experiments. Finally, the critical 1 h rainfall was simulated through a distributed hydrological model and verified by field observations. The formation process of debris flow could be divided into three stages based on the relationship between the hydrodynamic force and loose deposit resistance. The critical 1 h rainfall amounts under three antecedent moisture conditions (I-dry, II-normal and Ill-wet) were 52 mm/h, 43 mm/h and 34 mm/h, respectively. This study proposed a debris flow formation process in the meizoseismal areas of the Wenchuan earthquake based on the stability analysis and defined the rainfall threshold for debris flow early warning at the local level, which is significant for debris flow mitigation and risk management. © 2015, Science Press, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, CAS and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flow; Disaster-prone environment; Hydrodynamic condition; Permeability characteristics; Wenchuan Earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: debris flow; hydrodynamic force; hydrodynamics; permeability; rainfall; seismic zone; Sichuan earthquake 2008; stability analysis; trigger mechanism; China; Dujiangyan; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Journal of Mountain Science, (2013); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2008); 
Formation Mechanism and Risk Control in Wenchuan Earthquake of Mountain Disaster, (2011); 
Dunne, Thomas, Effects of Rainfall, Vegetation, and Microtopography on Infiltration and Runoff, Water Resources Research, 27, 9, pp. 2271-2285, (1991); 
Gregoretti, Carlo, The initiation of debris flow at high slopes: Experimental results, Journal of Hydraulic Research/De Recherches Hydrauliques, 38, 2, pp. 83-88, (2000); 
Gregoretti, Carlo, The triggering of debris flow due to channel-bed failure in some alpine headwater basins of the Dolomites: Analyses of critical runoff, Hydrological Processes, 22, 13, pp. 2248-2263, (2008); 
Huang, Runqiu, Research on development and distribution rules of geohazards induced by Wenchuan earthquake on 12th May, 2008, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 27, 12, pp. 2585-2592, (2008); 
J Eng Geol, (2013); 
Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Hydraulic Engineering in Taiwan Chinese Taipei 2324 November 2002, (2002); 
Liu, Chuanzheng, Basic feature and origin of the "8·8" mountain torrent-debris flow disaster happened in Zhouqu County, Gansu, China, Aug. 8, 2010, Geological Bulletin of China, 30, 1, pp. 141-150, (2011)
PUBLISHER: Science Press shengtaixuebao@mail.rcees.ac.cn
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Guo, H., Yao, L., Huang, Y., Guo, C.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Guo, Haiqiang (56540412500); Yao, Lingkan (7201688064); Huang, Yidan (36618861800); Guo, Chenwen (55755754300)
56540412500; 7201688064; 36618861800; 55755754300
Shaking table experiments for simulating the dynamical evolution of slopes under increasing disturbance
(2015) Yantu Lixue/Rock and Soil Mechanics, 36 (4), pp. 1063 - 1070, Cited 1 times.
DOI: 10.16285/j.rsm.2015.04.022
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84928884649&doi=10.16285%2Fj.rsm.2015.04.022&partnerID=40&md5=b2dea8a49c3a0e1bd9536f03a5969024

AFFILIATIONS: School of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Aseismic Engineering Technology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: A large number of landslides were triggered by the 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake and the 4.20 Lushan earthquake. The statistical results of field surveys indicate that the overall distribution pattern of the scale of earthquake-induced rockmass collapse and landslide changes with the earthquake intensity. This statistics-based result needs to be confirmed by performing laboratory physical experiments. Based on the framework of self-organized criticality (SOC) theory, shaking table tests of sandpile model under seismic excitations was conducted. The results show that for peak ground acceleration (PGA) in the range of 0.075g-0.125 g, the relation between the amount and cumulative frequency of sand follows a negative power law; for PGA between 0.15 g and 0.25 g, the relation obeys a lognormal distribution; for PGA between 0.35 g and 0.45 g, the relation turns to obey a normal distribution. Data from the cellular automata numerical simulation demonstrate that, as the earthquake intensity increases, the dynamic behaviors of sandpile model exhibit a strong power-law first, then a weak power-law, and finally a normal distribution. It is suggested here that the above-revealed distribution laws may also apply to other areas. The new recognition will provide a scientific basis for the prediction of landslides triggered by earthquake. ©, 2015, Academia Sinica. All right reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Distribution law; Earthquake; Landslide; Self-organized criticality (SOC); Shaking table test
INDEX KEYWORDS: Criticality (nuclear fission); Landslides; Normal distribution; Cumulative frequencies; Distribution law; Log-normal distribution; Peak ground acceleration; Self-organized criticality; Shaking table experiment; Shaking table tests; Simulation demonstrate; Earthquakes
REFERENCES: Bak, Per, Self-organized criticality, Scientific American, 264, 1, pp. 46-53, (1991); 
Bak, Per, Self-organized criticality in the 'Game of Life, Nature, 342, 6251, pp. 780-782, (1989); 
Bak, Per, Self-organized criticality: An explanation of the 1/f noise, Physical Review Letters, 59, 4, pp. 381-384, (1987); 
Held, Glenn A., Experimental study of critical-mass fluctuations in an evolving sandpile, Physical Review Letters, 65, 9, pp. 1120-1123, (1990); 
Frette, Vidar, Avalanche dynamics in a pile of rice, Nature, 379, 6560, pp. 49-52, (1996); 
Bretz, Michael, Imaging of avalanches in granular materials, Physical Review Letters, 69, 16, pp. 2431-2434, (1992); 
Olami, Zeev, Self-organized criticality in a continuous, nonconservative cellular automaton modeling earthquakes, Physical Review Letters, 68, 8, pp. 1244-1247, (1992); 
Christensen, Kim, Scaling, phase transitions, and nonuniversality in a self-organized critical cellular-automaton model, Physical Review A - Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics, 46, 4, pp. 1829-1838, (1992); 
Earth Science Frontiers, (1998); 
Science in China Series E, (2003)
PUBLISHER: Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Yang, W., Wang, M., Kerle, N., Van Westen, C.J., Liu, L., Shi, P.J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Yang, Wentao (55499294400); Wang, Ming (55732001400); Kerle, Norman (55893253300); Van Westen, Cees J. (6701664942); Liu, Lianyou (7405254909); Shi, Peijun (7202160985)
55499294400; 55732001400; 55893253300; 6701664942; 7405254909; 7202160985
Analysis of changes in post-seismic landslide distribution and its effect on building reconstruction
(2015) Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 15 (4), pp. 817 - 825, Cited 20 times.
DOI: 10.5194/nhess-15-817-2015
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84927762066&doi=10.5194%2Fnhess-15-817-2015&partnerID=40&md5=810ae418b8bbd6817d231877117ee753

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disaster, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; Department of Earth Systems Analysis, Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation – ITC, Enschede, Overijssel, Netherlands; School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, Beijing, China; Academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Six years after the devastating M<inf>s</inf> 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, new landslides, debris flows, and flash floods still occur frequently in the earthquake-stricken regions. This shows that the geological hazards that occur after a major earthquake in a mountainous environment can be a long-term threat. However, post-earthquake reconstruction and relocation of local residents often neglect this evolving threat, and its interaction with existing and rebuilt houses has not been well studied. Here we show that the evolving mountain environment, including the changed geographic distribution of new landslides and the continuously uplifting riverbed, creates emerging risks for existing and rebuilt houses. We use spatial analysis of landslide debris and the location of houses from high-resolution images and field survey in the study area and find that new landslides and the houses rebuilt after the Wenchuan earthquake have a similar trend of moving to lower elevations, gentler slopes, and closer to rivers. This study confirms that the persistent downward movement of landslide debris has rapidly filled up riverbeds over the past 6 years. The elevated riverbeds make the study area extremely susceptible to flash floods, creating further risks to newly rebuilt houses that are closer to the river. We highlight the often neglected dynamic process that involves changes in the natural environment and man-made constructions and their interaction. This dynamic process requires long-term monitoring and adaptive management of mountainous regions after major earthquakes that can fully consider the sophisticated evolving risks caused by the changing environment, exposure, and vulnerability in the region. © 2015 Author(s).
INDEX KEYWORDS: adaptive management; building construction; debris flow; flash flood; geographical distribution; landslide; mountain region; reconstruction; seismicity; Sichuan earthquake 2008; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Rahman, Atta Ur, Causes and extent of environmental impacts of landslide hazard in the Himalayan region: A case study of Murree, Pakistan, Natural Hazards, 57, 2, pp. 413-434, (2011); 
Rahman, Atta Ur, Analysis of landslide causes and associated damages in the Kashmir Himalayas of Pakistan, Natural Hazards, 71, 1, pp. 803-821, (2014); 
Chen, Chienyuan, Sedimentary impacts from landslides in the Tachia River Basin, Taiwan, Geomorphology, 105, 3-4, pp. 355-365, (2009); 
Cheng, Jack D., Hydrometeorological and landuse attributes of debris flows and debris floods during typhoon Toraji, July 29-30, 2001 in central Taiwan, Journal of Hydrology, 306, 1-4, pp. 161-173, (2005); 
Cui, Peng, The Wenchuan Earthquake (May 12, 2008), Sichuan Province, China, and resulting geohazards, Natural Hazards, 56, 1, pp. 19-36, (2011); 
Dadson, Simon J., Links between erosion, runoff variability and seismicity in the Taiwan orogen, Nature, 426, 6967, pp. 648-651, (2003); 
Dunford, M. F., Earthquake reconstruction in Wenchuan: Assessing the state overall plan and addressing the 'forgotten phase, Applied Geography, 31, 3, pp. 998-1009, (2011); 
Fan, Xuanmei, Simulating dam-breach flood scenarios of the Tangjiashan landslide dam induced by the Wenchuan Earthquake, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 12, 10, pp. 3031-3044, (2012); 
Fan, Xuanmei, Transient water and sediment storage of the decaying landslide dams induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Geomorphology, 171-172, pp. 58-68, (2012); 
Görüm, Tolga, Distribution pattern of earthquake-induced landslides triggered by the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Geomorphology, 133, 3-4, pp. 152-167, (2011)
PUBLISHER: Copernicus GmbH info@copernicus.org
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS; GREEN ACCEPTED OPEN ACCESS; GREEN OPEN ACCESS

Kritikos, T., Robinson, T.R., Davies, T.R.H.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Kritikos, Theodosios (54793202300); Robinson, Tom R. (55890147600); Davies, Timothy R.H. (7401742768)
54793202300; 55890147600; 7401742768
Regional coseismic landslide hazard assessment without historical landslide inventories: A new approach
(2015) Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 120 (4), pp. 711 - 729, Cited 120 times.
DOI: 10.1002/2014JF003224
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85027921805&doi=10.1002%2F2014JF003224&partnerID=40&md5=f9a74dea8baf52558a3f514865022804

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Geological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, CAN, New Zealand
ABSTRACT: Currently, regional coseismic landslide hazard analyses require comprehensive historical landslide inventories as well as detailed geotechnical data. Consequently, such analyses have not been possible where these data are not available. A new approach is proposed herein to assess coseismic landslide hazard at regional scale for specific earthquake scenarios in areas without historical landslide inventories. The proposed model employs fuzzy logic and geographic information systems to establish relationships between causative factors and coseismic slope failures in regions with well-documented and substantially complete coseismic landslide inventories. These relationships are then utilized to estimate the relative probability of landslide occurrence in regions with neither historical landslide inventories nor detailed geotechnical data. Statistical analyses of inventories from the 1994 Northridge and 2008 Wenchuan earthquakes reveal that shaking intensity, topography, and distance from active faults and streams are the main controls on the spatial distribution of coseismic landslides. Average fuzzy memberships for each factor are developed and aggregated to model the relative coseismic landslide hazard for both earthquakes. The predictive capabilities of the models are assessed and show good-to-excellent model performance for both events. These memberships are then applied to the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake, using only a digital elevation model, active fault map, and isoseismal data, replicating prediction of a future event in a region lacking historic inventories and/or geotechnical data. This similarly results in excellent model performance, demonstrating the model's predictive potential and confirming it can be meaningfully applied in regions where previous methods could not. For such regions, this method may enable a greater ability to analyze coseismic landslide hazard from specific earthquake scenarios, allowing for mitigation measures and emergency response plans to be better informed of earthquake-related hazards. ©2015. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: coseismic landslides; fuzzy logic; GIS; ground shaking intensity; hazard; topography
INDEX KEYWORDS: Chi-Chi earthquake 1999; coseismic process; fuzzy mathematics; GIS; hazard assessment; historical record; inventory; landslide; Northridge earthquake 1994; Sichuan earthquake 2008; slope failure; statistical analysis; topography
REFERENCES: Agterberg, Frederik P., Conditional independence test for weights-of-evidence modeling, Natural Resources Research, 11, 4, pp. 249-255, (2002); 
Aleotti, Pietro, Landslide hazard assessment: Summary review and new perspectives, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 58, 1, pp. 21-44, (1999); 
Athanasopoulos, G., Effects of surface topography on seismic ground response in the Egion (Greece) 15 June 1995 earthquake, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 18, 2, pp. 135-149, (1999); 
Hawth S Analysis Tools for Arcgis, (2004); 
Geographic Information Systems for Geoscientists Modelling with GIS, (1994); 
Bray, Jonathan D., Pseudostatic coefficient for use in simplified seismic slope stability evaluation, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering - ASCE, 135, 9, pp. 1336-1340, (2009); 
Brune, James N., Shattered rock and precarious rock evidence for strong asymmetry in ground motions during thrust faulting, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 91, 3, pp. 441-447, (2001); 
Buech, F., The little red hill seismic experimental study: Topographic effects on ground motion at a bedrock-dominated mountain edifice, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 100, 5 A, pp. 2219-2229, (2010); 
Carrara, Alberto, GIS techniques and statistical models in evaluating landslide hazard, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 16, 5, pp. 427-445, (1991); 
Geographical Information Systems in Assessing Natural Hazards, (1995)
PUBLISHER: Blackwell Publishing Ltd customerservices@oxonblackwellpublishing.com
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Xing, A., Xu, Q., Gan, J.J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Xing, Aiguo (7004119237); Xu, Qiang (56506033600); Gan, Jianjun (57195511744)
7004119237; 56506033600; 57195511744
On characteristics and dynamic analysis of the Niumian valley rock avalanche triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China
(2015) Environmental Earth Sciences, 73 (7), pp. 3387 - 3401, Cited 32 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s12665-014-3626-6
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85027919876&doi=10.1007%2Fs12665-014-3626-6&partnerID=40&md5=1ecb3866c9362ff0352891837c702888

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Sichuan Bureau of Geology & Mineral Resources, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: On May 12, 2008, a large catastrophic rock avalanche was triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake on Niumian valley in Yingxiu town, Wenchuan County, China. The displaced landslide materials traveled about 2,640 m with a descent of about 850 m and buried several houses and caused nearly 20 casualties. Based on detailed field investigation, some basic characteristics of this landslide are introduced. Field investigation showed that the displaced landslide materials experienced three times of run-up and twice of superelevation along the run-out path, and downslope enlargement due to the entrainment of run-out path materials. A numerical model (DAN3D) is used to simulate the landsliding process. By means of trial and error, it can be seen that the Voellmy model and values of friction coefficient f = 0.19 (dimensionless) and turbulent coefficient (Formula Presented.) = 2,000 m/s2 can provide the best performance in the prediction of sliding and depositing areas. The simulated results show that the duration of the rock avalanche is about 120 s with an average velocity of 22 m/s. © 2014, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Deposits characteristics; Dynamic characteristics; Rock avalanche; Run-out behavior; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Friction; Landslides; Rocks; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Basic characteristics; Dynamic characteristics; Friction coefficients; Rock avalanche; Run outs; Turbulent coefficient; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes; earthquake trigger; friction; landslide; rock avalanche; Sichuan earthquake 2008; sliding; turbulence; China; Sichuan; Yingxiu
REFERENCES: Chigira, Masahiro, Landslides induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China, Geomorphology, 118, 3-4, pp. 225-238, (2010); 
Cleary, Paul W., Discrete-element modelling and smoothed particle hydrodynamics: Potential in the environmental sciences, Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences, 362, 1822, pp. 2003-2030, (2004); 
Crosta, Giovanni Battista, Numerical modelling of large landslides stability and runout, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 3, 6, pp. 523-538, (2003); 
Dai, Fuchu, The 1786 earthquake-triggered landslide dam and subsequent dam-break flood on the Dadu River, southwestern China, Geomorphology, 65, 3-4, pp. 205-221, (2005); 
Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011); 
Dai, Fuchu, Rock avalanches triggered by oblique-thrusting during the 12 May 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Geomorphology, 132, 3-4, pp. 300-318, (2011); 
Dai, Zili, 3D numerical modeling using smoothed particle hydrodynamics of flow-like landslide propagation triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Engineering Geology, 180, pp. 21-33, (2014); 
Evans, Stephen G., Dynamics of the 1984 rock avalanche and associated distal debris flow on Mount Cayley, British Columbia, Canada; Implications for landslide hazard assessment on dissected volcanoes, Engineering Geology, 61, 1, pp. 29-51, (2001); 
Evans, Stephen G., The disastrous 17 February 2006 rockslide-debris avalanche on Leyte Island, Philippines: A catastrophic landslide in tropical mountain terrain, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 7, 1, pp. 89-101, (2007); 
Atlas of Seismological and Geological Disasters Associated with the 12 May 2008 Ms 8 0 Wenchuan Great Earthquake Sichuan China, (2009)
PUBLISHER: Springer Verlag
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wang, B., Zhang, T., Zhou, Q., Wu, C., Chen, Y.-L., Wu, P.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wang, Bo (57190009782); Zhang, Ting (57184590700); Zhou, Qin (57746327800); Wu, Chao (41262851000); Chen, Yunliang (41261149200); Wu, Ping (55274224100)
57190009782; 57184590700; 57746327800; 41262851000; 41261149200; 55274224100
A case study of the Tangjiashan landslide dam-break
(2015) Journal of Hydrodynamics, 27 (2), pp. 223 - 233, Cited 25 times.
DOI: 10.1016/S1001-6058(15)60476-0
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84947599254&doi=10.1016%2FS1001-6058%2815%2960476-0&partnerID=40&md5=e02955053a989f16210f32ebe522ff11

AFFILIATIONS: Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: The Tangjiashan landslide dam failed on June 10, 2008, which was the largest one formed during the Wenchuan earthquake in China. No human lives were lost in this dam failure. This paper presents a description of the dam, including the dam geometry, the hydrograph and the reservoir capacity, the diversion channel and the drainage from the lake. Several empirical models are applied to predict the breach parameters, the peak outflows and the reservoir volumes during this breach event. The main objective of the study is to compare various prediction models and to make recommendation of the best model for the prediction of the breach width, the failure time, and the peak outflow. The breach widths predicted by the Froehlich methods with considerations of the reservoir storages and the effect of failure mode are considered to be more reasonable. All prediction methods discussed in this paper are found to underestimate the breach formation time due to the complex material and the large thickness of the dam. The results from the soil conservation services (SCS) method compare well with the observed peak outflow. The Marone method in combination with the coefficient expressions proposed by Macchione gives excellent results in the simulation of the reservoir volume-level curve. © 2015 Publishing House for Journal of Hydrodynamics.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: breach width; dambreak; failure time; field observation; landslide; peak outflow; prediction method
INDEX KEYWORDS: Dams; Earthquakes; Forecasting; Landslides; Predictive analytics; Soil conservation; Breach widths; Dam-breaks; Failure time; Field observations; peak outflow; Prediction methods; Reservoirs (water)
REFERENCES: Korup, Oliver, Recent research on landslide dams - A literature review with special attention to New Zealand, Progress in Physical Geography, 26, 2, pp. 206-235, (2002); 
Korup, Oliver, Geomorphic hazard assessment of landslide dams in South Westland, New Zealand: Fundamental problems and approaches, Geomorphology, 66, 1-4 SPEC. ISS., pp. 167-188, (2005); 
Schneider, Jean Friedrich, Seismically reactivated Hattian slide in Kashmir, Northern Pakistan, Journal of Seismology, 13, 3, pp. 387-398, (2009); 
Chai, Hejun, The distribution, causes and effects of damming landslides in China, Journal of the Chengdu Institute of Technology, 27, 3, pp. 302-307, (2000); 
Dai, Fuchu, The 1786 earthquake-triggered landslide dam and subsequent dam-break flood on the Dadu River, southwestern China, Geomorphology, 65, 3-4, pp. 205-221, (2005); 
Cao, Zhixian, Landslide dam failure and flood hydraulics. Part I: Experimental investigation, Natural Hazards, 59, 2, pp. 1003-1019, (2011); 
Cao, Zhixian, Landslide dam failure and flood hydraulics. Part II: Coupled mathematical modelling, Natural Hazards, 59, 2, pp. 1021-1045, (2011); 
Yan, Jun, Experimental Study of Landslide Dam-Break Flood over Erodible Bed in Open Channels, Journal of Hydrodynamics, 21, 1, pp. 124-130, (2009); 
Wang, Guangqian, Simulation of dam breach development for emergency treatment of the Tangjiashan Quake Lake in China, Science in China, Series E: Technological Sciences, 51, SUPPL. 2, pp. 82-94, (2008); 
Fan, Xuanmei, Simulating dam-breach flood scenarios of the Tangjiashan landslide dam induced by the Wenchuan Earthquake, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 12, 10, pp. 3031-3044, (2012)
PUBLISHER: China Ocean Press
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Gu, W., Pei, X., Pei, Z., Zhang, X., Li, T.-T.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Gu, Wentao (57199789327); Pei, Xiangjun (14058672500); Pei, Zuan (56637743700); Zhang, Xiong (55864284400); Li, Tiantao (56637297500)
57199789327; 14058672500; 56637743700; 55864284400; 56637297500
Research on post-seismic provenance features of debris flows in meizoseismal area
(2015) Journal of Natural Disasters, 24 (2), pp. 107 - 114, Cited 3 times.
DOI: 10.13577/j.jnd.2015.0214
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84939203516&doi=10.13577%2Fj.jnd.2015.0214&partnerID=40&md5=dded7551a5c57854d0b717e9b3c9a045

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: After the Wenchuan earthquake, a great deal of slumping mass, shattered rock and the soil with loose surface were formed. The formation and accumulation way of the post-seismic provenance of debris flows in the meizoseismal area had a great changes, it is still lack of methods to calculate dynamic reserves in special conditions after earthquakes. On the basis of the field work of investigating and counting provenance features of several debris flows gullies in Gaochuan Village, An County in Sichuan Province, the meizoseimal area of Wenchuan earthquake, we summarized in this essay the formation process and start methods of post-seismic debris flows in the meizoseimal area. Through analysis, we also drawn the conclusion that the provenance amount of debris flows after the earthquake is related to the gully's area, elevation amplification effect, movement pattern of fault, geological lithology and topography, and the gully's area, the elevation of the gully top and the distance between the gully and seismogenic fault are key factors. Under that condition, we propose the 'empirical model on seismic elevation index amplification'. And this is the first time through multivariate statistics fitting method to figure out the calculation relationships of post-seismic dynamic reserves of debris flows with the drainage area and the altitude difference. We also obtain formula about dynamic reserves of debris flow through the seismic distance modification. It provides a refevence to estimation of post-seismic dynamic reserves of debris flowss and engineering prevention and control.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Amplification effect; Debris flows; Dynamic reserves; Meizoseismal area; Provenance
INDEX KEYWORDS: amplification; debris flow; earthquake magnitude; geoaccumulation; multivariate analysis; provenance; seismicity; Sichuan earthquake 2008; China; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Geohazard Assessment of the Wenchuan Earthquake, (2009); 
Newmark, Nathan M., Effects of earthquakes on dams and embankments, Geotechnique, 15, 2, pp. 139-160, (1965); 
Northwestern Seismological Journal, (2025); 
Preliminary Study on Effects of Earthquake in Critical Rainfall Conditions of Debris Flow D, (2012); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2008); 
Sun, Wei, Simulation of dam-bursting mode and environmental effect analyisis of river-blocking landslide dam, Journal of Natural Disasters, 17, 4, pp. 72-77, (2008); 
Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, (2004); 
Large Scale Shaking Table Test on Dynamic Response of Homogenuous Slopes Under the Effect of Strong Earthquake D, (2011); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2008); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2001)
PUBLISHER: Science Press
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Xue, Q., Zeng, Q., Xu, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Xue, Qiang (57203734866); Zeng, Qingming (55425597200); Xu, Jiwei (59882460600)
57203734866; 55425597200; 59882460600
Formation conditions and characteristics of Meitanping gully debris flow in Longchi Town, Dujiangyan City
(2015) Journal of Natural Disasters, 24 (2), pp. 115 - 121, Cited 3 times.
DOI: 10.13577/j.jnd.2015.0215
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84939192021&doi=10.13577%2Fj.jnd.2015.0215&partnerID=40&md5=9a219740b94afb6435475f1ab58b34f9

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory for Geo-hazards in Loess Area, China Geological Survey, Beijing, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: The characteristics and formation conditions of Meitanping gully debris flow were analyzed by field investigation in Longchi Town, Dujiangyan City, Sichuan Province. The storage capacity of loosened solid matter and hazard zone range were calculated in Meitanping gully. The results show that the characteristics of terrain provide favorable terrain conditions, the "5.12" Wenchuan earthquake and the "4.20" Lushan earthquake provide rich source conditions, and many heavy rainfall events provide adequate water conditions for the formation of debris flow in Meitanping gully basin. Moreover, the calculations show that the storage capacity of loosened solid matter is about 14.65 × 104 m3 in Meitanping gully, there is about 6.01 × 104 m3 in formation area, 8.64 × 104 m3 in flowing area, and the maximal hazard zone range of debris flow is 0.2422 km2.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Characteristics; Debris flow; Formation conditions; Meitanping gully
INDEX KEYWORDS: debris flow; earthquake event; gully erosion; hazard assessment; terrain; China; Dujiangyan; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Journal of Catastrophology, (2013); 
Yu, Guoqiang, Analysis on the hydrodynamic conditions for the massive debris flow in Sanyanyu based on ArcGIS and DEM, Northwestern Geology, 44, 3, pp. 53-62, (2011); 
Geng, Huihui, Features of Sanshengong debris flow hazard in Longchi Town of Dujiangyan City, Journal of Natural Disasters, 21, 6, pp. 136-141, (2012); 
Meng, Qinghua, Hazard assessment of debris flow in Fengxian County of Shaanxi Province, Journal of Natural Disasters, 23, 1, pp. 121-131, (2014); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2010); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2010); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2011); 
Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control, (2011); 
Industry Standard of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People S Republic of China Dz T 0220 2006, (2006); 
Journal of Natural Disasters, (1992)
PUBLISHER: Science Press
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Li, S., Huang, X., Huili, H., Li, J., Ye, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Li, Shanshan (58604490000); Huang, Xiang (57198045070); Huili, Gong (35240287700); Li, Jing (57196160703); Ye, Juntao (57198795413)
58604490000; 57198045070; 35240287700; 57196160703; 57198795413
Research on characteristics of landslide spatial distribution in earthquake heavy disaster area based on point pattern
(2015) Journal of Natural Disasters, 24 (2), pp. 40 - 51, Cited 2 times.
DOI: 10.13577/j.jnd.2015.0206
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84939143486&doi=10.13577%2Fj.jnd.2015.0206&partnerID=40&md5=2a599b3ddd9133ce5c9853c926e32036

AFFILIATIONS: Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Environmental Protection, Beijing, Beijing, China; National Engineering Research Center of Urban Environmental Pollution Control, Beijing, Beijing, China; State Environmental Protection Engineering (Beijing), State Environmental Protection Engineering (Beijing) Center for Industrial Wastewater Pollution Control, Beijing, Beijing, China; College of Natural Resources and Environment and Tourism, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Urban Environmental Processes and Digital Simulation, Beijing, Beijing, China; Qingdao Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
ABSTRACT: By the impact of the natural environmental factors (such as topography, stratum lithology, geological structure, etc.) and the inducing factors (such as rainfall, earthquakes, etc.), the characteristics of the landslides distribution in space are extremely complex, however, its spatial distribution still has internal rules. This paper takes the time of "Wenchuan earthquake" extreme event as the time phasing point, quadrat-based point pattern analysis of landslide point space distribution indicates that the landslide point group showes a spatial agglomeration model before and after the earthquake. This results demonstrate that the occurrence of landslide in the study area are not random events before and after the earthquake, but the results of the natural environmental factors, or factors combination; and the landslide point spatial distribution of Wenchuan earthquake heavy disaster area has self-similar structure in statistical sence, no characteristic scale.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Characteristics of spatial distribution; Landslide; Point pattern; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: environmental factor; extreme event; landslide; Sichuan earthquake 2008; spatial distribution; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Landslide Hazard Prediction and Evaluation, (2004); 
Hydrologic and Engineering Geology and Environmental Conservation, (1994); 
Rock and Soil Mechanics, (1995); 
Geological Science and Technology Information, (1996); 
Measurement and Application of Spatial Model, (2004); 
Spatial Statistics and Its Application in the Analysis of Spatial Pattern D, (2005); 
Vadrevu, Krishna Prasad, Spatial patterns in vegetation fires in the Indian region, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 147, 1-3, pp. 1-13, (2008); 
Fisher, Joshua B., An analysis of spatial clustering and implications for wildlife management: A burrowing owl example, Environmental Management, 39, 3, pp. 403-411, (2007); 
Crimestat A Spatial Statistics Program for the Analysis of Crime Incident Locations, (2002); 
Nisha, V., Geographical Information System (GIS) in investigation of an outbreak, Journal of Communicable Diseases, 37, 1, pp. 39-43, (2005)
PUBLISHER: Science Press
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Liu, L., Zhang, H., Zhong, D., Liu, C.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Liu, Lei (56158900900); Zhang, Hongwu (55900035300); Zhong, Deyu (7102032289); Liu, Chunjing (56065965900)
56158900900; 55900035300; 7102032289; 56065965900
Research on landslide dam break due to overtopping
(2015) Shuili Xuebao/Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 46 (4), pp. 379 - 386, Cited 1 times.
DOI: 10.13243/j.cnki.slxb.2015.04.001
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84930063979&doi=10.13243%2Fj.cnki.slxb.2015.04.001&partnerID=40&md5=a9ec7d4d6d8b65d4ed04e051b247960d

AFFILIATIONS: China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, China; Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: The rapid and reliable prediction of dam-break flood can provide important information for disaster prevention and mitigation. On the basis of physical model experiment observation, the dam material was mainly transported as bed load movement and some other was transported as suspended load movement, under strong unsteady flow. The breach was enlarged due to side erosion and the bank erosion finally lead to a collapse, which is a directly influence on the flood process. Based on the physical motion graphics of erodible dam breach due to overtopping, a physical-based model is established for calculating the flood process, using the non-equilibrium sediment transposition equations to simulate dam erosion and a collapse model for calculating the process of breach. The model is verified using the results of Tangjiashan landslide dam formed due to the Wenchuan Earthquake in 2008. The agreements between calculated and measured data showed the applicability of the proposed model. ©, 2015, China Water Power Press. All right reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Landslide dam; Non-equilibrium sediment transposition; Overtopping flow; Physical model; Prediction of peak discharge
INDEX KEYWORDS: Disaster prevention; Earthquakes; Erosion; Floods; Landslides; Rivers; Sediment transport; Landslide dam; Non equilibrium; Overtopping flow; Peak discharge; Physical model; Dams
REFERENCES: Proc 14th Congress of Int Commission on Large Dams, (1982); 
Froehlich, David C., Peak outflow from breached embankment dam, Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management - ASCE, 121, 1, pp. 90-97, (1995); 
Wahl, Tony L., Uncertainty of Predictions of Embankment Dam Breach Parameters, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 130, 5, pp. 389-397, (2004); 
Silver Spring National Weather Service Nws Report, (1984); 
Singh, Vijay P., Breach erosion of earthfill dams (BEED) model, Natural Hazards, 1, 2, pp. 161-180, (1988); 
Macchione, Francesco, Model for Predicting Floods due to Earthen Dam Breaching. I: Formulation and Evaluation, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 134, 12, pp. 1688-1696, (2008); 
Singh, Vijay P., Dam breach modeling technology, (1996); 
Osman, Akode M., Riverbank stability analysis. I: Theory, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 114, 2, pp. 134-150, (1988)
PUBLISHER: International Research and Training Center on Erosion and Sedimentation and China Water and Power Press
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Hu, X., Han, M., Liang, J., Pan, C., Fang, L., Wu, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Hu, Xiewen (7404709509); Han, Mei (56621900500); Liang, Jingxuan (55832404600); Pan, Cong (55832148100); Fang, Li (56621985600); Wu, Jianli (57209892238)
7404709509; 56621900500; 55832404600; 55832148100; 56621985600; 57209892238
Hazard mechanism analysis of Taoguan giant debris flow in Wenchuan Earthquake area on July 10th, 2013
(2015) Xinan Jiaotong Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University, 50 (2), pp. 286 - 293, Cited 9 times.
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.2015.02.012
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84928886097&doi=10.3969%2Fj.issn.0258-2724.2015.02.012&partnerID=40&md5=b3cd20415fa72c6fd791d4076339978f

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Transportation Tunnel Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Spatial Information Technology for High-Speed Railway Safety, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; School of Mathematics, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: For the giant debris flow caused by heavy rainfall in Taoguan gully, in Wenchuan earthquake area on July 10th, 2013. Field investigation and experiments were made to analyze the loose materials, rainfall, and terrain conditions of the Taoguan gully, and study the process of startup flow and deposition of the debris flow. The result shows that the damage of the rock mass triggered by earthquake in the gully is the root cause of such frequent debris flow after the earthquake. Its mechanism is actually the startup and superposition of loose materials from collapse and landslides, and deposits on slopes and in the gully. From the development trend, the Taoguan debris flow is now on a high-frequency developmental stage, and the possibility of breakout of large scale debris flows still exists. ©, 2015, Science Press. All right reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flow; Loose material shattered by earthquake; Rainfall; Taoguan gully
INDEX KEYWORDS: Debris; Landforms; Rain; Debris flows; Developmental stage; Field investigation; Loose materials; Mechanism analysis; Taoguan gully; Terrain conditions; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes
REFERENCES: Huang, Runqiu, The landslide story, Nature Geoscience, 6, 5, pp. 325-326, (2013); 
Cui, Peng, Characteristics and countermeasures of debris flow in Wenchuan area after the earthquake, Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 42, 5, pp. 10-19, (2010); 
Tang, Chuan, Rainfall-triggered debris flows following the Wenchuan earthquake, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 68, 2, pp. 187-194, (2009); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2013); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2003); 
Tang, Chuan, Field investigation and research on giant debris flow on August 14, 2010 in Yingxiu town, epicenter of Wenchuan earthquake, Diqiu Kexue - Zhongguo Dizhi Daxue Xuebao/Earth Science - Journal of China University of Geosciences, 36, 1, pp. 172-180, (2011); 
Journal of Catastrophology, (1992); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2009)
PUBLISHER: Science Press
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Yuan, R., Tang, C.-L., Deng, Q.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Yuan, Renmao (7202708506); Tang, Chaolung (23104300500); Deng, Qinghai (55430918200)
7202708506; 23104300500; 55430918200
Effect of the acceleration component normal to the sliding surface on earthquake-induced landslide triggering
(2015) Landslides, 12 (2), pp. 335 - 344, Cited 48 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s10346-014-0486-9
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84926278876&doi=10.1007%2Fs10346-014-0486-9&partnerID=40&md5=3e8dd68998f485f5d3ff821b8bbcd306

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Active Tectonics and Volcano, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Geosciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; College of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China
ABSTRACT: In 2008, the Wenchuan M<inf>w</inf> 7.9 earthquake triggered a large number of landslides in the Longmenshan area. Among them, the Donghekou landslide is a gigantic one, which buried four villages and one elementary school. During the Wenchuan earthquake, large accelerations, especially vertical, were produced, which should to be taken into account in the dynamic analysis of slope stability. However, the vertical acceleration, which can largely influence the acceleration component normal to the sliding surface, is often overlooked in dynamic analysis of slope stability. In this work, the initiation of the Donghekou landslide is analyzed by using Newmark’s sliding block model. Comparative analyses of conditions both with and without an acceleration component normal to the sliding surface, which is contributed mainly by the vertical acceleration, are then conducted to investigate its role in triggering the Donghekou landslide. Research results show that the initiating time of the Donghekou landslide would be earlier considering the acceleration component normal to the slide surface than without it due to larger estimated Newmark displacement. This conclusion is then verified by simulated results on the basis of DEM. It means that initiation of landslides can be influenced significantly by seismic acceleration component normal to sliding surface, especially in the area with large vertical acceleration. © 2014, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Effect; Sliding block model; Sliding surface-normal acceleration; The Donghekou landslide
INDEX KEYWORDS: Acceleration; Earthquakes; Landslides; Slope stability; Comparative analysis; Earthquake-induced landslides; Effect; Seismic accelerations; Sliding blocks; Sliding surface; Vertical accelerations; Wenchuan Earthquake; Slope protection
REFERENCES: Chen, Tienchien, Pseudostatic analysis of Tsao-Ling rockslide caused by Chi-Chi earthquake, Engineering Geology, 71, 1-2, pp. 31-47, (2004); 
Nat Hazards Earth Syst Sci, (2013); 
Cui, Peng, The 12 May Wenchuan earthquake-induced landslide lakes: Distribution and preliminary risk evaluation, Landslides, 6, 3, pp. 209-223, (2009); 
Proceedings of the Symposium of the International Society of Rock Mechanics, (1971); 
Cundall, Peter A., A discrete numerical model for granular assemblies, Geotechnique, 29, 1, pp. 47-65, (1979); 
Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011); 
Egholm, David Lundbek, A new strategy for discrete element numerical models: 1. Theory, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 112, 5, (2007); 
Gelí, Louis, The effect of topography on earthquake ground motion: a review and new results., Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 78, 1, pp. 42-63, (1988); 
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, (1979); 
Hu, Jyr-Ching Ching, Stress permutations: Three-dimensional distinct element analysis accounts for a common phenomenon in brittle tectonics, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 109, 9, pp. B09403-20, (2004)
PUBLISHER: Springer Verlag service@springer.de
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Liu, F., Li, J., Yang, S.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Liu, Feng (58842781300); Li, Jianfeng (55976839400); Yang, Shunhu (55799636400)
58842781300; 55976839400; 55799636400
Landslide erosion associated with the Wenchuan earthquake in the Minjiang River watershed: Implication for landscape evolution of the Longmen Shan, eastern Tibetan Plateau
(2015) Natural Hazards, 76 (3), pp. 1911 - 1926, Cited 18 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11069-014-1575-8
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84925507013&doi=10.1007%2Fs11069-014-1575-8&partnerID=40&md5=94bc48a4d7daf49f556e855852053b98

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China; Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: In tectonically active mountain belts, earthquakes can contribute to surface erosion by generating large-scale landslides. This study focuses on establishing the relationship between surface erosion caused by the earthquake-induced landslides and landscape evolution of the Longmen Shan, eastern Tibet Plateau. The inventory of landslides related to the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in the Minjiang River watershed was based on high-resolution remote sensing images and field surveys. The estimated landslide erosion rate related to the Wenchuan earthquake is of the order 0.4–0.6 mm year−1 on both sides of the Minjiang River and its tributaries. This erosion is similar to erosion rates of 0.5–0.8 mm year−1 measured by low-temperature thermochronology over a Myr-timescale. The landslides associated with repeated large earthquakes may contribute to this Myr-timescale surface erosion via enhanced erosion efficiency. Post-seismic high-resolution digital elevation models covering the period from 2008 and 2012 were compared to quantify fluvial erosion in the Baisha River, a tributary of the Minjiang River. The volume of eroded materials was approximately 1.9 × 104 m3 over the 4-year period. In addition, the rapid removal of co-seismic knickpoints indicates significant post-seismic river transportation. If large earthquakes, such as the Wenchuan earthquake, have occurred at intervals of 2,000–3,000 years, then the associated rapid landslide erosion together with fluvial erosion during inter-seismic intervals may have played an important role in shaping the present landscape of the Longmen Shan. © 2015, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Landscape evolution; Landslide; Longmen Shan; Minjiang River; Surface erosion; Wenchuan earthquake
REFERENCES: Avouac, Jean Philippe, Dynamic Processes in Extensional and Compressional Settings - Mountain Building: From Earthquakes to Geological Deformation, 6, pp. 377-439, (2007); 
Burchfiel, B. Clark, Tectonics of the Longmen Shan and Adjacent Regions, Central China, International Geology Review, 37, 8, pp. 661-735, (1995); 
Burchfiel, B. Clark, A geological and geophysical context for the Wenchuan earthquake of 12 May 2008, Sichuan, People's Republic of China, GSA Today, 18, 7, pp. 4-11, (2008); 
Chen, Lichun, Paleoseismology and kinematic characteristics of the Xiaoyudong rupture, a short but significant strange segment characterized by the May 12, 2008, Mw 7.9 earthquake in Sichuan, China, Tectonophysics, 584, pp. 91-101, (2013); 
Chen, Qiang, Quantification of mass wasting volume associated with the giant landside Daguangbao induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake from persistent scatterer InSAR, Remote Sensing of Environment, 152, pp. 125-135, (2014); 
Dadson, Simon J., Earthquake-triggered increase in sediment delivery from an active mountain belt, Geology, 32, 8, pp. 733-736, (2004); 
Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011); 
Seismology and Geology, (1994); 
Fu, Bihong, Spatial characteristics of the surface rupture produced by the M s8. 0 wenchuan earthquake using high-resolution remote sensing imagery, Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition), 82, 12, pp. 1679-1687, (2008); 
Atlas of Seismological and Geological Disasters Associated with the 12 May 2008 Ms 8 0 Wenchuan Great Earthquake Sichuan China, (2009)
PUBLISHER: Kluwer Academic Publishers
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Chen, Z., Ma, L., Yu, S., Chen, S., Zhou, X., Sun, P., Li, X.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Chen, Zuyu (7409488632); Ma, Liqiu (56332021500); Yu, Shu (56102640900); Chen, Shujing (56555545600); Zhou, Xingbo (56495731000); Sun, Ping (24385811600); Li, Xu (56065869600)
7409488632; 56332021500; 56102640900; 56555545600; 56495731000; 24385811600; 56065869600
Back analysis of the draining process of the Tangjiashan barrier lake
(2015) Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 141 (4), art. no. 05014011, Cited 164 times.
DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000965
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84925003108&doi=10.1061%2F%28ASCE%29HY.1943-7900.0000965&partnerID=40&md5=64757b891ab635b3c13a7895aafcbbb8

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, Beijing, China; Department of Geotechnical Engineering, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, China; Guizhou Electricity Engineering Construction Supervise Company, Guiyang, China; College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China; School of Water Resources and Hydropower, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: This study attempts to use a dam breach model to reproduce the well-monitored outflow hydrograph obtained during the dam breaching process of the Tangjiashan barrier lake, which was formed by a landslide triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake on May 12, 2008 in China. The key parameters that affect the model results, such as soil erosion and breach lateral enlargement, are reviewed by using field measurements followed by extensive sensitivity studies. The present paper advocates a hyperbolic model for soil erosion rate and a circular slip surface approach for breach lateral enlargement, which contribute to more reliable model results. The governing equations are solved using a numerical method that allows straightforward calculations coded in an Excel 2007 spreadsheet. This provides an easy, transparent, and robust tool that could enable practicing engineers to perform dam breach analyses with a comprehensive understanding of the uncertainties involved. This back analysis confirms that the peak outflow can be predicted with reasonable accuracy if the input values of the key model parameters are within well-understood ranges. © 2014 American Society of Civil Engineers.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Back analysis; Barrier lake; Dam breach; Soil erosion rate
INDEX KEYWORDS: Dams; Earthquakes; Erosion; Lakes; Numerical methods; Soils; Back analysis; Barrier lakes; Circular slip surface; Dam breach; Lateral enlargements; Practicing engineers; Soil erosion rate; Wenchuan Earthquake; Uncertainty analysis; back analysis; dam failure; earthquake trigger; erosion rate; landslide; outflow; soil erosion; China; Sichuan; Tangjiashan Lake
REFERENCES: Scour Technology, (2006); 
Wu, Weiming, Earthen embankment breaching, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 137, 12, pp. 1549-1564, (2011); 
Bishop, Alan W., The use of the slip circle in the stability analysis of slopes, Geotechnique, 5, 1, pp. 7-17, (1955); 
Civil Engineering Handbook, (1959); 
Briaud, Jean Louis, Case histories in soil and rock erosion: Woodrow wilson bridge, brazos river meander, normandy cliffs, and new orleans levees, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering - ASCE, 134, 10, pp. 1425-1447, (2008); 
Brown, R. J., A simulation of the hydraulic events during and following the Teton Dam failure., pp. 131-163, (1977); 
Brdam Users Manual, (1981); 
Chang, Dongsheng, Simulation of the erosion process of landslide dams due to overtopping considering variations in soil erodibility along depth, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 10, 4, pp. 933-946, (2010); 
Zu-Yu Chen, Evaluation of minimum factor of safety in slope stability analysis, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 25, 4, pp. 735-748, (1988); 
Large Dams in China, (2000)
PUBLISHER: American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) onlinejls@asce.org
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Li, L., Yu, B., Zhu, Y., Chu, S., Wu, Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Li, Li (55730912500); Yu, Bin (37058094800); Zhu, Yunbo (56182190300); Chu, Shengming (55627530700); Wu, Yufu (43561996100)
55730912500; 37058094800; 56182190300; 55627530700; 43561996100
Topographical factors in the formation of gully-type debris flows in Longxi River catchment, Sichuan, China
(2015) Environmental Earth Sciences, 73 (8), pp. 4385 - 4398, Cited 15 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s12665-014-3722-7
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84924941660&doi=10.1007%2Fs12665-014-3722-7&partnerID=40&md5=07d54d9d42b5611720ea30338f601f08

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Sichuan Provincial Chuanjian Investigation and Design Institute, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Jiangxi Province Engineering Research Center of Surveying, Nanchang, China
ABSTRACT: There are three groups of factors: topography, geology and hydrology which have influence on the formation of gully-type debris flows. In this paper, a single representative factor (T-factor) for the topography is proposed, which can be used to define threshold values for debris flow formation. This study was carried out in the Longxi River catchment, located in the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake hit area. During a heavy rainfall event on August 13, 2010, 34 gully-type debris flows were triggered. In some catchments, no debris flows were triggered even though these catchments were in the vicinity of gullies with triggered debris flows. The formation mechanism of the triggered debris flows is the runoff-induced mechanism. The influence of the topography on the formation of debris flows in gullies with almost identical hydrological and geological conditions was isolated and analyzed. A new T-factor is proposed in this study as a topographical indicator which is a combination of the form factor, the average gradient of the stream, the catchment size, and the percentage of the catchment area with a slope gradient sensitive to trigger debris flows. Higher T-factor values are generally related to higher probabilities of debris flow formation. The T-factor can be used to predict the formation of debris flows in the sub-catchments of the Longchi River catchment. The T-factor was successfully validated in debris flow gullies with the same initiation mechanism in the Cida River catchment, Sichuan, China. © 2014, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Gully-type debris flow; Longxi River; Topography factor; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Catchments; Debris; Earthquakes; Geology; Landforms; Rivers; Topography; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Average gradient; Debris flows; Formation mechanism; Geological conditions; Initiation mechanism; Topography factor; Wenchuan Earthquake; Runoff; catchment; debris flow; geology; gully; hydrology; runoff; Sichuan earthquake 2008; threshold; topography; China; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Akgun, Aykut, Landslide susceptibility mapping for a landslide-prone area (Findikli, NE of Turkey) by likelihood-frequency ratio and weighted linear combination models, Environmental Geology, 54, 6, pp. 1127-1143, (2008); 
Cannon, Susan H., Predicting the probability and volume of postwildfire debris flows in the intermountain western United States, Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 122, 1-2, pp. 127-144, (2010); 
Catani, Filippo, Landslide hazard and risk mapping at catchment scale in the Arno River basin, Landslides, 2, 4, pp. 329-342, (2005); 
Chang, Tungchiung, Risk degree of debris flow applying neural networks, Natural Hazards, 42, 1, pp. 209-224, (2007); 
Chang, Tungchiung, Application of back-propagation networks in debris flow prediction, Engineering Geology, 85, 3-4, pp. 270-280, (2006); 
Chang, Tungchiung, The application of genetic algorithm in debris flows prediction, Environmental Geology, 53, 2, pp. 339-347, (2007); 
Chen, Suchin Chien, Characteristics of the landslides in Shenmu watershed in nantou county, Journal of Chinese Soil and Water Conservation, 43, 3, pp. 214-226, (2012); 
Characteristics of Rains Triggering Debris Flows in the Watershed of Chenyoulan Stream, (2002); 
Kean, Jason W., Runoff-generated debris flows: Observations and modeling of surge initiation, magnitude, and frequency, Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 118, 4, pp. 2190-2207, (2013); 
Lan, Hengxing, Landslide hazard spatial analysis and prediction using GIS in the Xiaojiang watershed, Yunnan, China, Engineering Geology, 76, 1-2, pp. 109-128, (2004)
PUBLISHER: Springer Verlag
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Tang, C., Ma, G., Chang, M., Li, W., Zhang, D., Jia, T., Zhou, Z.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Tang, Chuan (35932953300); Ma, Guochao (56266812000); Chang, Ming (36727157900); Li, Weile (25936551300); Zhang, Dandan (55836838800); Jia, Tao (55835610000); Zhou, Zhiyuan (55836739600)
35932953300; 56266812000; 36727157900; 25936551300; 55836838800; 55835610000; 55836739600
Landslides triggered by the 20 April 2013 Lushan earthquake, Sichuan Province, China
(2015) Engineering Geology, 187, pp. 45 - 55, Cited 77 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2014.12.004
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84920747656&doi=10.1016%2Fj.enggeo.2014.12.004&partnerID=40&md5=57a439a26e3652e1a7aeb4b517463144

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: The 20 April 2013 Lushan earthquake with a magnitude of M<inf>s</inf>7.0 induced widespread landsliding along the southern segment of the Longmen Shan fault zone. This paper presents a preliminary analysis of the characteristics of these co-seismic landslides triggered in an area of 13,323km2. A total of 3810 individual landslide points were identified through an intensive field investigation and from digital aerial photographs taken after the Lushan earthquake. To facilitate the more detailed analysis on the areal frequency of co-seismic landslides as polygons, we selected an area of 732km2 around the epicenter that had the highest density of co-seismic landslides. The sizes of the landslides are, in general, much smaller than those that were triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. The most common types of landslides in the study area were rock falls and shallow, disrupted landslides from steep slopes, which typically involved the top few meters of weathered bedrock and colluvium. In this study, the relation between the landslide distribution and five main factors was analyzed: fault proximity, epicenter proximity, peak ground acceleration (PGA), slope angle, and lithology. Our study results show that the landslide concentration tends to decrease with distance from the seismogenic fault, and the highest landslide concentration is located within a distance of 5km. Regarding the distance to the epicenter, the largest landslide density is found at a distance between 5 and 10km. The landslide concentration also increases with increasing slope angle until a maximum for the slope class 45°-55°. In addition, results show that slopes consisting of deeply weathered and fractured sandstones and mudstones were the most susceptible to co-seismic landslides. In this study, we found that the location of the hanging wall and the footwall of the fault did not seem to have an important effect on the landslide distribution. This is in contradiction to what has been reported in other earthquake areas such as the Wenchuan area. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Co-seismic landslides; Landslide concentration; Lushan earthquake; Spatial distribution
INDEX KEYWORDS: Faulting; Landslides; Lithology; Rock bursts; Seismology; Spatial distribution; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Digital aerial photographs; Field investigation; Fractured sandstones; Landslide distributions; Peak ground acceleration; Preliminary analysis; Seismic landslides; Earthquakes; aerial photograph; coseismic process; earthquake damage; earthquake epicenter; earthquake magnitude; fault zone; landslide; Lushan earthquake 2013; peak acceleration; slope failure; spatial distribution; China; Longmenshan Fault Zone; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Barnard, Patrick L., Natural and human-induced landsliding in the Garhwal Himalaya of Northern India, Geomorphology, 40, 1-2, pp. 21-35, (2001); 
Chang, Ming, Image interpretation and spatial analysis of geohazards induced by "4.20" Lushan earthquake in epicenter area, Journal of Chengdu University of Technology (Science and Technology Edition), 40, 3, pp. 275-281, (2013); 
Nat Hazards Earth Syst Sci, (2014); 
Chigira, Masahiro, Geological and geomorphological characteristics of landslides triggered by the 2004 Mid Niigta prefecture earthquake in Japan, Engineering Geology, 82, 4, pp. 202-221, (2006); 
Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011); 
García-Rodríguez, M. J., Susceptibility assessment of earthquake-triggered landslides in El Salvador using logistic regression, Geomorphology, 95, 3-4, pp. 172-191, (2008); 
Görüm, Tolga, Distribution pattern of earthquake-induced landslides triggered by the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Geomorphology, 133, 3-4, pp. 152-167, (2011); 
Han, Zhujun, The surface rupture signs of the Lushan "4. 20" MS 7.0 earthquake at Longmen Township, Lushan County and its discussion, Dizhen Dizhi, 35, 2, pp. 388-397, (2013); 
Harp, Edwin L., Landslides triggered by the 1994 Northridge, California, earthquake, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 86, 1 SUPPL. B, pp. S319-S332, (1996); 
Harp, Edwin L., Shaking intensity thresholds for rock falls and slides: evidence from 1987 Whittier Narrows and Superstition Hills earthquake strong- motion records, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 85, 6, pp. 1739-1757, (1995)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zhou, Z., Huang, K.-X., Shi, C., Hao, M.-H., Guo, C.-X.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhou, Jia-wen (14064231100); Huang, Kangxin (56341127800); Shi, Chong (35752550100); Hao, Minghui (55444320000); Guo, Chaoxu (56148683500)
14064231100; 56341127800; 35752550100; 55444320000; 56148683500
Discrete element modeling of the mass movement and loose material supplying the gully process of a debris avalanche in the Bayi Gully, Southwest China
(2015) Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 99, pp. 95 - 111, Cited 45 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2014.12.008
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85027934813&doi=10.1016%2Fj.jseaes.2014.12.008&partnerID=40&md5=905d6a25a542f6ab1966a05439383451

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; College of Water Resources and Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: The dynamic process of a debris avalanche in mountainous areas is influenced by the landslide volume, topographical conditions, mass-material composition, mechanical properties and other factors. A good understanding of the mass movement and loose material supplying the gully process is very important for understanding the dynamic properties of debris avalanches. Three-dimensional particle flow code (PFC3D) was used to simulate a debris avalanche in Quaternary deposits at the Bayi Gully, Southwest China. FORTRAN and AutoCAD were used for the secondary development to display the mass movement process and to quantitatively describe the mass movement and loose material supplying the gully process. The simulated results show that after the landslide is initiated, the gravitational potential energy is converted into kinetic energy with a variation velocity for the sliding masses. Two stages exist for the average-movement velocity: the acceleration stage and the slowdown stage, which are influenced by the topographical conditions. For the loose materials supplying the gully process, the cumulative volume of the sliding masses into the gully gradually increases over the time. When the landslide volume is not large enough, the increasing landslide volume does not obviously influence the movement process of the sliding masses. The travel distance and movement velocity increase with the decreasing numerical parameters, and the mass-movement process is finished more quickly using low-value parameters. The deposition area of the sliding masses decreases with the increasing numerical parameters and the corresponding deposition thickness increases. The mass movement of the debris avalanche is not only influenced by the mechanical parameters but is also controlled by the topographical conditions. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris avalanche; Discrete-element method; Dynamic process; Loose material supplying the gully process; Mass movement; Wenchuan Earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: debris avalanche; deposition; discrete element method; dynamic property; gully erosion; landslide; mass movement; Sichuan earthquake 2008; sliding; topography; China
REFERENCES: Debris Flow Hazards Mitigation Mechanics Prediction and Assessment Proceedings 2nd International Dfhm Conference Taipei Taiwan August 16 18 2000, (2000); 
Casas, David, Recent mass-movement processes on the Ebro continental slope (NW Mediterranean), Marine and Petroleum Geology, 20, 5, pp. 445-457, (2003); 
Chen, Hong, A dynamic model for rainfall-induced landslides on natural slopes, Geomorphology, 51, 4, pp. 269-288, (2003); 
Chen, Tienchien, Landslide seismic signal recognition and mobility for an earthquake-induced rockslide in Tsaoling, Taiwan, Engineering Geology, 171, pp. 31-44, (2014); 
Crosta, Giovanni Battista, Replay of the 1987 Val Pola Landslide, Italian Alps, Geomorphology, 60, 1-2, pp. 127-146, (2004); 
Proceedings of the Symposium of the International Society of Rock Mechanics, (1971); 
Cundall, Peter A., A discrete numerical model for granular assemblies, Geotechnique, 29, 1, pp. 47-65, (1979); 
Davies, Timothy R.H., The role of rock fragmentation in the motion of large landslides, Engineering Geology, 109, 1-2, pp. 67-79, (2009); 
Denlinger, Roger P., Flow of variably fluidized granular masses across three-dimensional terrain 2. Numerical predictions and experimental tests, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 106, B1, pp. 553-566, (2001); 
Dykes, Alan P., Mass movements in peat: A formal classification scheme, Geomorphology, 86, 1-2, pp. 73-93, (2007)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier Ltd
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wang, X., Wang, C., Zhang, C.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wang, Xiuying (55736957400); Wang, Chengliang (56720893300); Zhang, Congcong (56720556500)
55736957400; 56720893300; 56720556500
Analysis of correlation between ground motion parameters and earthquake disasters: A case study on earthquake- induced landslide hazard in Wenchuan earthquake area
(2015) Acta Seismologica Sinica, 37 (2), pp. 230 - 238, Cited 1 times.
DOI: 10.11939/jass.2015.02.003
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84937032218&doi=10.11939%2Fjass.2015.02.003&partnerID=40&md5=2d6ea80656120a132880ef8c12f472fb

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Crustal Dynamics, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing, China; Earthquake Administration of Handan, Handan, Hebei, China
ABSTRACT: A method was designed by taking the case of landslide hazards induced by the Wenchuan earthquake to study the correlation between parameters reflecting different ground motion characteristics and earthquake-induced landslide hazards. The results indicate that Arias intensity is the best parameter for disaster evaluation, which is more suitable for small region estimation. And the peak ground acceleration also behaves well in correlation analysis, but it is more suitable for evaluation of large area. The parameters, related with duration and frequency, can provide accessory information in analysis on mechanism of earthquake damage in concrete site. The vertical component plays an important role in evaluating earthquake-induced landslide hazards. The results have certain reference significance for selecting evaluation factors in studies related with earthquake-induced secondary hazards. ©, 2015, Acta Seismologica Sinica Press. All right reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Correlation; Earthquake disaster; Earthquake-induced landslide; Evaluation factor; Ground motion parameter
INDEX KEYWORDS: correlation; disaster management; earthquake damage; earthquake intensity; ground motion; hazard assessment; landslide; Sichuan earthquake 2008; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan; Anas
REFERENCES: Cheng, Qiang, Research on development rules of seismic landslide and collapse along highways in highly seismic region of Wenchuan earthquake, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 30, 9, pp. 1747-1760, (2011); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2000); 
Earthquake Engineering, (2006); 
Liu, Chuanzheng, Disasters induced by the Wenchuan earthquakes, Sichuan, China, and geo-environmental safety, Geological Bulletin of China, 27, 11, pp. 1907-1912, (2008); 
Geographical Research, (2011); 
Technology for Earthquake Disaster Prevention, (2011); 
A Study on Fast Evaluation of Earthquake Induced Landslides and their Effects on Earthquake Emergency Rescue, (2009); 
Wang, Xiuying, Research on relationship between landslides and peak ground accelerations induced by wenchuan earthquake, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 29, 1, pp. 82-89, (2010); 
Wang, Xiuying, Ground motion acceleration criterion for judging landslide induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Acta Seismologica Sinica, 33, 1, pp. 82-90, (2011); 
Journal of Disaster Prevention and Reduction, (2010)
PUBLISHER: Acta Seismologica Sinica Press
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Shi, Z., Wang, Y.-Q., Peng, M., Guan, S.G., Chen, J.-F.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Shi, Zhenming (7403734462); Wang, Youquan (51666133900); Peng, Ming (37108434300); Guan, Shenggong (56414115400); Chen, Jianfeng (55961745300)
7403734462; 51666133900; 37108434300; 56414115400; 55961745300
Landslide dam deformation analysis under aftershocks using large-scale shaking table tests measured by videogrammetric technique
(2015) Engineering Geology, 186, pp. 68 - 78, Cited 47 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2014.09.008
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85027923624&doi=10.1016%2Fj.enggeo.2014.09.008&partnerID=40&md5=9a33bb2263bccf3abf1d87795dcd8a27

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Engineering, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China; Department of Geotechnical Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Geotechnical Investigations and Design Institute Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Geohazard Prevention (CICGP), Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: The Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake triggered at least 257 landslide dams. More than 849 aftershocks with magnitudes higher than Ms 4.0 occurred after the Wenchuan earthquake by 12 March, 2012 (. Shen et al., 2013), which might largely influence the structure and soil properties of these dams. This paper aims to study the dynamic deformation of landslide dams under aftershocks through larger scale shaking table tests. Videogrammetric technique was applied to measure the dynamic deformation of the model dams. Two groups of shaking table tests were conducted with two types of landslide dam materials: one with quartz sands containing 10% kaolin (Dam I) and the other with only quartz sands (Dam II). The dam deformation and its influencing factors were analyzed with the results measured by videogrammetric technique. The deformations were generally higher on the surface of the dams, either on the crest or on the both upstream and downstream slopes. Higher peak ground acceleration (PGA) resulted in larger dam deformations due to higher seismic force. The deformations under the combination of X- and Z-directional shakings were larger than those under X-directional shaking for sufficient vibratory compaction. Water rising led to the increase of dam deformations because that the water seepage reduced the effective soil stress, especially reduced the matric suction. The settlements of the dam composed of more fine particles were larger than that composed of large particle size because that the soil pores in the former were filled more sufficiently with fine particles. The aftershocks may not directly trigger the failures of landslide dams, but accelerate the overtopping failures by lowering the dam crest with settlement and cracking. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Aftershock; Dam deformation; Landslide dam; Shaking table test; Videogrammetric technique
INDEX KEYWORDS: Deformation; Earthquakes; Landslides; Particle size; Particle size analysis; Quartz; Rivers; Sand; Seepage; Soil testing; Soils; Aftershock; Dam deformation; Landslide dam; Shaking table tests; Videogrammetric technique; Dams; aftershock; cracking; dam; deformation; earthquake magnitude; earthquake trigger; ground settlement; landslide; overtopping; shaking table test; Sichuan earthquake 2008
REFERENCES: Burner, Alpheus W., Videogrammetric model deformation measurement technique, Journal of Aircraft, 38, 4, pp. 745-754, (2001); 
Chang, Chihchen, Flexible videogrammetric technique for three-dimensional structural vibration measurement, Journal of Engineering Mechanics - ASCE, 133, 6, pp. 656-664, (2007); 
Chang, Chihchen, Three-dimensional structural translation and rotation measurement using monocular videogrammetry, Journal of Engineering Mechanics - ASCE, 136, 7, pp. 840-848, (2010); 
Chang, Dongsheng, A stress-controlled erosion apparatus for studying internal erosion in soils, Geotechnical Testing Journal, 34, 6, (2011); 
Chang, Dongsheng, Extended internal stability criteria for soils under seepage, Soils and Foundations, 53, 4, pp. 569-583, (2013); 
Chang, Dongsheng, Field testing of erodibility of two landslide dams triggered by the 12 May Wenchuan earthquake, Landslides, 8, 3, pp. 321-332, (2011); 
Cleveland, Lisa J., Principles and applications of digital photogrammetry for geotechnical engineering, Geotechnical Special Publication, 149, pp. 128-135, (2006); 
Costa, John E., FORMATION AND FAILURE OF NATURAL DAMS., Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 100, 7, pp. 1054-1068, (1988); 
Documented Historical Landslide Dams from Around the World, (1991); 
Courage, Wim M.G., System behaviour in flood risk calculations, Georisk, 7, 2, pp. 62-76, (2013)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zeng, T., Ghulam, A., Yang, W.-N., Grzovic, M., Maimaitiyiming, M.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zeng, Tao (58587229300); Ghulam, Abduwasit (6507293434); Yang, Wunian (7407756597); Grzovic, Mark (56377384300); Maimaitiyiming, Matthew (56023783000)
58587229300; 6507293434; 7407756597; 56377384300; 56023783000
Estimating the contribution of loose deposits to potential landslides over Wenchuan earthquake zone, China
(2015) IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, 8 (2), art. no. 6895138, pp. 750 - 762, Cited 8 times.
DOI: 10.1109/JSTARS.2014.2349953
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85027957180&doi=10.1109%2FJSTARS.2014.2349953&partnerID=40&md5=6aa25a6c41e13ab77634aa4047ed272d

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Surveying & Mapping Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Key Laboratory of Geoscience Spatial Information Technology, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Center for Sustainability, School of Science and Engineering, St. Louis, MO, United States
ABSTRACT: Loose deposits may lead to catastrophic landslides and rockslides especially during or after heavy rainfall events. In this paper, we propose a method to estimate the volume and spatial distribution (VSD) of loose deposits using airborne and spaceborne optical remote sensing data and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) coherence. The estimated VSD of coseismic loose deposits in Wenchuan, China, the epicenter of the Sichuan Earthquake, is then used to predict potential landslides. First, high-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) and digital orthophoto map (DOM) are developed using stereo imagery collected by an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) over a core test site. Next, the VSD of loose deposits is determined using the UAV imagery, DEM, and a landslide inventory map developed by field surveys, and a power-law relationship between the area and volume is established. In order to determine the loose deposits of the entire study area, the InSAR coherence of PALSAR images collected before and right after the earthquake, Landsat image classification, and DEM combined with Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) model are integrated in a decision tree algorithm. Finally, we develop a quantitative method of determining the severity and likelihood of potential geohazards based on VSD of coseismic loose deposits and other variables including the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), slope gradient, elevation, and land-cover/land-use (LCLU). A total of 42 catchments area are identified as the hot spots with a very high or high possibility of potential landslides. The VSD of coseismic loose deposits over these catchments is about 92.34% and 77.96% of the total potential loose deposits area. © 2014 IEEE.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Landslide; loose deposits; remote sensing; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Catchments; Data mining; Decision trees; Deposits; Image classification; Landslides; Rain; Remote sensing; Runoff; Space-based radar; Stereo image processing; Surveying; Synthetic aperture radar; Trees (mathematics); Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV); Unmanned vehicles; Analytical Hierarchy Process; Catastrophic landslides; Digital elevation model; Interferometric synthetic aperture radars; Loose deposits; Normalized difference vegetation index; Optical remote sensing data; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes; analytical hierarchy process; coseismic process; digital elevation model; image classification; Landsat thematic mapper; landslide; NDVI; orthophoto; remote sensing; Sichuan earthquake 2008; synthetic aperture radar; China
REFERENCES: Huang, Runqiu, Analysis of the geo-hazards triggered by the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake, China, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 68, 3, pp. 363-371, (2009); 
Parker, Robert N., Mass wasting triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake is greater than orogenic growth, Nature Geoscience, 4, 7, pp. 449-452, (2011); 
Ma, Chao, Comparison of debris-flow volume and activity under different formation conditions, Natural Hazards, 67, 2, pp. 261-273, (2013); 
Zhang, Shuai, Assessment of risks of loose landslide deposits formed by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 12, 5, pp. 1381-1392, (2012); 
Cui, Peng, Risk assessment of highways affected by debris flows in Wenchuan earthquake area, Journal of Mountain Science, 10, 2, pp. 173-189, (2013); 
Cui, Peng, Risk assessment of simultaneous debris flows in mountain townships, Progress in Physical Geography, 37, 4, pp. 516-542, (2013); 
Cui, Peng, The 12 May Wenchuan earthquake-induced landslide lakes: Distribution and preliminary risk evaluation, Landslides, 6, 3, pp. 209-223, (2009); 
Di, Baofeng, Quantifying the spatial distribution of soil mass wasting processes after the 2008 earthquake in Wenchuan, China. A case study of the Longmenshan area, Remote Sensing of Environment, 114, 4, pp. 761-771, (2010); 
Bai, Shibiao, Combined landslide susceptibility mapping after Wenchuan earthquake at the Zhouqu segment in the Bailongjiang Basin, China, Catena, 99, pp. 18-25, (2012); 
Guo, Deping, Qualitative and quantitative analysis on landslide influential factors during Wenchuan earthquake: A case study in Wenchuan County, Engineering Geology, 152, 1, pp. 202-209, (2013)
PUBLISHER: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Tao, S., Xue, D., Cheng, T., Liu, Q.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Tao, Shu (36683220000); Xue, Dongjian (36816510500); Cheng, Tao (57198622709); Liu, Qian (56739414800)
36683220000; 36816510500; 57198622709; 56739414800
Change law of landslide distribution before and after Wenchuan earthquake : A case study of mountainous area in northern Sichuan
(2015) Journal of Natural Disasters, 24 (1), pp. 177 - 184, Cited 3 times.
DOI: 10.13577/j.jnd.2015.0123
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84938061411&doi=10.13577%2Fj.jnd.2015.0123&partnerID=40&md5=db8ef82beb58272cbd5f6e0b108ff395

AFFILIATIONS: National Geomatics Center of China, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Geo-Hazard Prevention and Earth Environment Protection, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study is to analyze change law of spatial distribution pattern of landslides before, during and after the Wenchuan earthquake. The landslide data, recorded in mountainous region of northern Sichuan between 2002 and 2010, was split into 4 subsets according to the landslides ' occurrence time. The landslides number, proportion, density and susceptibility were comparatively analyzed to determine how the occurrence of landslides correlates with slop, lithology, elevation, distance from fault and precipitation. Results show that during the three years after earthquake, (1) the proportion of medium-scale landslides increases from 2.29% to 16. 86% ; (2) dominant interval of the landslides increases from 10°-15° to 30°-45° in slope, from 400-600 m to 800-1200 m in elevation, whereas decreases from 0-15 km to 0-10 km in distance from fault; (3) the density of landslides initiated in the loose sediments increases ; (4) the responding time of landslides to rainfall reduces obviously and the rainfall threshold of landslides lowers. Hence, these results confirm that the occurrence condition of landslides in the study area changes after the Wenchuan earthquake.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Landslides; Variability in distribution pattern; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: landslide; lithology; mountain region; Sichuan earthquake 2008; spatial distribution; China; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Journal of Mountain Science, (2010); 
Lin, Ching-Wee Weei, Impacts of the Chi-Chi earthquake on subsequent rainfall-induced landslides in central Taiwan, Engineering Geology, 86, 2-3, pp. 87-101, (2006); 
Shieh, Cheng-Lun Lun, Variability in rainfall threshold for debris flow after the Chi-Chi earthquake in central Taiwan, China, International Journal of Sediment Research, 24, 2, pp. 177-188, (2009); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2011); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2009); 
Earth Science Frontiers, (2009); 
Wang, Xiuying, Analysis of landslide induced by Wenchuan earthquake by strong motion records, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 28, 11, pp. 2369-2376, (2009); 
Wu, Shuren, Analysis and evaluation of geohazard intensity of the Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China, Geological Bulletin of China, 27, 11, pp. 1900-1906, (2008); 
Fan, Xiaoyi, Developmental characteristics and influence factors of landslides in wenchuan earthquake, Journal of Natural Disasters, 21, 1, pp. 128-134, (2012); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2013)
PUBLISHER: Science Press
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Li, Y., Zhou, R., Zhao, G.-H., Li, H.-B., Su, D.-C., Ding, H.-R., Yan, Z., Yan, L., Yun, K., Ma, C.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Li, Yong (57246524500); Zhou, Rongjun (8631822800); Zhao, Guohua (55884056400); Li, Haibing (59642170000); Su, Decheng Chen (8600537300); Ding, Hairong (41761303700); Yan, Zhaokun (36505404500); Yan, Liang (55330368900); Yun, Kun (55884790700); Ma, Chao (58811087300)
57246524500; 8631822800; 55884056400; 59642170000; 8600537300; 41761303700; 36505404500; 55330368900; 55884790700; 58811087300
Uplift and erosion driven by Wenchuan earthquake and their effects on geomorphic growth of Longmen Mountains: A case study of Hongchun gully in Yingxiu, China
(2015) Journal of Chengdu University of Technology (Science and Technology Edition), 42 (1), pp. 5 - 17, Cited 2 times.
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-9727.2015.01.02
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84929164899&doi=10.3969%2Fj.issn.1671-9727.2015.01.02&partnerID=40&md5=2d1acc2ea960a8e653cc36cc6b0bbacb

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Institute of Earthquake Engineering, Seismological Bureau of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: How the tectonic uplift, landslides, and debris flow erosion driven by the Wenchuan (Ms 8. 0) earthquake affect the geomorphic growth of Mt. Longmen is the focus of the debate at present. The aim of this study is to make clear how the mass wasting triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake affect the growth of the Mt. Longmen. Field data, aerial photographs, and digital elevation data are used to conduct quantitative analyses of the tectonic uplift driven by the Wenchuan earthquake and of landslide and debris flow erosion processes, along with their effects on the geomorphic growth of Mt. Longmen. The preliminary insights obtained are as follows. (1) The Hongchun gully is located in alpine valleys within the earthquake epicenter area. The seismogenic fault - the Beichuan fault cuts through the gully. (2) The Wenchuan earthquake triggered the coseismic landslides of 3. 800 1 X 106 m3, being three times the volume before the earthquake. (3) The volume of the debris flow resulting from heavy rainfalls on August 13 and 18, 2010 after the earthquake was 0. 705 X 106 m3, indicating that 20% of the volume of the coseismic landslides after the earthquake was changed into debris flows because of heavy rainfalls. (4) The Hongchun gully debris flow discharged solid materials of 0. 485 X 106 m3 into the Minjiang River (the main river), leading the watercourse to be narrowed, the riverbed elevated, and the riverbed gradient increased. (5) The conversion ratio between the sediments input into the watercourse and the coseismic landslide sediments was about 13%. The conversion ratio between the sediments input into the watercourse and the debris flow sediments was 70%. (6) The volume (3. 800 1X106 m3) of the coseismic landslides in the Hongchun gully was less than that of the coseismic uplift (6. 67 X 106 m3). Only about 57% of the uplift volume was converted into the landslide volume, indicating a greater volume of the tectonic uplift compared to the volume of the landslides resulting from the Wenchuan earthquake characterized by thrust and strike-slip motions. This has caused the new uplift and the geomorphic growth of the Mt. Longmen.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flow; Eastern margin; Erosion; Hongchun gully; Landslide; Longmen mountains; Minjiang River; Mountain growth; Sediment flux; Tibetan plateau; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: debris flow; geomorphology; gully erosion; landslide; mass wasting; mountain; Sichuan earthquake 2008; trigger mechanism; uplift; China; Hongchun Gully; Longmen Mountains; Min River [Sichuan]; Qinghai-Xizang Plateau; Sichuan; Yingxiu
REFERENCES: Journal of Mountain Science, (2005); 
Geology of the Eastern Margin of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, (2006); 
Godard, Vincent, Late Cenozoic evolution of the central Longmen Shan, eastern Tibet: Insight from (U-Th)/He thermochronometry, Tectonics, 28, 5, (2009); 
Densmore, Alexander Logan, Active tectonics of the Beichuan and Pengguan faults at the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, Tectonics, 26, 4, (2007); 
Continental Dynamics and Geological Responses of the Eastern Margin of Qinghai Tibet Plateau, (2006); 
Xu, Ganqing, Tectonics and denudation adjacent to the Xianshuihe Fault, eastern Tibetan Plateau: Constraints from fission track thermochronology, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 105, B8, pp. 19231-19251, (2000); 
Kirby, Eric, Topography reveals seismic hazard, Nature Geoscience, 1, 8, pp. 485-487, (2008); 
Hubbard, Judith A., Uplift of the Longmen Shan and Tibetan plateau, and the 2008 Wenchuan (M = 7.9) earthquake, Nature, 458, 7235, pp. 194-197, (2009); 
Geological Bulletin of China, (2005); 
Fu, Bihong, Surface deformation related to the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, and mountain building of the Longmen Shan, eastern Tibetan Plateau, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 805-824, (2011)
PUBLISHER: Chengdu University of Technology
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Qu, Y., Tang, C., Liu, Y., Wang, J., Chang, M.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Qu, Yongping (56549385600); Tang, Chuan (35932953300); Liu, Yang (59647291600); Wang, Jinliang (57209446364); Chang, Ming (36727157900)
56549385600; 35932953300; 59647291600; 57209446364; 36727157900
Survey and analysis of the “8.13” debris flows fan in Longchi Town of Dujiangyan City, Sichuan Province
(2015) Shuili Xuebao/Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 46 (2), pp. 197 - 216, Cited 11 times.
DOI: 10.13243/j.cnki.slxb.2015.02.009
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84924797428&doi=10.13243%2Fj.cnki.slxb.2015.02.009&partnerID=40&md5=c8bda530910b75dfc6aa76adf9dc8e4c

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: Debris flows occur more frequently in the earthquake zone after “5·12” Wenchuan earthquake in 2008, meanwhile, the perniciousness of debris flow grows as geometric progression, and the accumulation characteristics of debris flow directly respond the harm degree. On August 13, 2010, a large-scale group-occurring debris flow disasters broke out in more than 50 gullies of Longchi area, Dujiangyan city, destroyed the buildings and roads in earthquake reconstruction area. Statistical relationship between deposits features, such as deposits thickness, deposits width, run out distance and diffusion rate, and drainage basin characteristics as dynamic accumulation, drainage basins elevation and outlet width of gully, has been established according to field observation of fan characteristics as deposits thickness, deposits width, run out distance, deposits gradient of 36 debris flow gullies in the study area. On this basis, a geometric statistical model of debris flow fan was established by the characteristics of fan accumulation characteristics. The practicality of the statistical model has been verified through typical debris flow in the earthquake region, which can provides certain reference for debris flow disaster prevention and control in the study area in the future. ©, 2015, China Water Power Press. All right reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flow; Debris flow fan; Dujiangyan city; Longchi area; Statistical model
INDEX KEYWORDS: Catchments; Deposits; Disaster prevention; Disasters; Earthquakes; Landforms; Maintenance; Debris flow fan; Debris flows; Dujiangyan city; Longchi area; Statistical modeling; Debris
REFERENCES: Tang, Chuan, An empirical-statistical model for predicting debris-flow runout zones in the Wenchuan earthquake area, Quaternary International, 250, pp. 63-73, (2012)
PUBLISHER: International Research and Training Center on Erosion and Sedimentation and China Water and Power Press
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wang, G.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wang, Genlong (59454567100)
59454567100
Comparison of the landslides triggered by the 2013 Lushan earthquake with those triggered by the strong 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in areas with high seismic intensities
(2015) Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 74 (1), pp. 77 - 89, Cited 18 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s10064-014-0574-z
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84921999689&doi=10.1007%2Fs10064-014-0574-z&partnerID=40&md5=b4080ce37b3b23424c4b1d659acc1716

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory for Geo-hazards in Loess Area, China Geological Survey, Beijing, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: The epicenters of the 2013 Lushan earthquake and the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake were both in the Longmen Mountains, in areas with similar geographical, geological, and geomorphological conditions. However, there are some differences between the landslides triggered by the two earthquakes. Correlations between the occurrence of landslides and geological parameters such as the distance from the seismogenic fault, seismic intensity, elevation, and lithology were analyzed with the aid of field investigations. Firstly, more landslides were triggered by each earthquake close to the seismogenic fault and in areas with higher seismic intensities, although there were also obvious differences between the landslides generated by the two earthquakes. Secondly, the earthquakes showed different correlations between the number of landslides and elevation, and this difference was closely related to the effects of seismic amplification and peak ground acceleration. Nevertheless, the effect of seismic amplification during the Lushan earthquake was not significant at elevations of >2,000 m due to a reduction in earthquake magnitude at such elevations. Thirdly, there was no obvious correlation between the number of landslides and the age of the rock (young or old lithology) for each earthquake. Indeed, differences between the distributions of landslides across different lithologies were actually due to the coincidental clustering of young or old strata around the rupture zone of the seismogenic fault; these rock masses were extremely fractured and they underwent strong shaking. Finally, the author hopes that the results of the present research will aid further research into the landslides triggered by the two earthquakes. © 2014, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Co-seismic fault; Landslides; Lushan earthquake; Rock fall; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Faulting; Landslides; Lithology; Rock bursts; Rocks; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Earthquake magnitudes; Geological parameters; High seismic intensities; Peak ground acceleration; Rockfalls; Seismic faults; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes
REFERENCES: Alfaro, Pedro, Widespread landslides induced by the Mw 5.1 earthquake of 11 May 2011 in Lorca, SE Spain, Engineering Geology, 137-138, pp. 40-52, (2012); 
Chang, Ming, Image interpretation and spatial analysis of geohazards induced by "4.20" Lushan earthquake in epicenter area, Journal of Chengdu University of Technology (Science and Technology Edition), 40, 3, pp. 275-281, (2013); 
Chigira, Masahiro, Geological and geomorphological characteristics of landslides triggered by the 2004 Mid Niigta prefecture earthquake in Japan, Engineering Geology, 82, 4, pp. 202-221, (2006); 
Chigira, Masahiro, Landslides induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China, Geomorphology, 118, 3-4, pp. 225-238, (2010); 
2013 04 23, (2013); 
2013 04 24, (2013); 
Crowley, James K., Analysis of potential debris flow source areas on Mount Shasta, California, by using airborne and satellite remote sensing data, Remote Sensing of Environment, 87, 2-3, pp. 345-358, (2003); 
Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011); 
Landslides, (2013); 
Görüm, Tolga, Distribution pattern of earthquake-induced landslides triggered by the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Geomorphology, 133, 3-4, pp. 152-167, (2011)
PUBLISHER: Springer Verlag
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Hu, M., Liu, M.B., Xie, M.-W., Liu, G.R.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Hu, Man (59599809600); Liu, Moubin (7406297665); Xie, Mowen (7202255467); Liu, Guirong (8242077900)
59599809600; 7406297665; 7202255467; 8242077900
Three-dimensional run-out analysis and prediction of flow-like landslides using smoothed particle hydrodynamics
(2015) Environmental Earth Sciences, 73 (4), pp. 1629 - 1640, Cited 46 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s12665-014-3513-1
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84921701215&doi=10.1007%2Fs12665-014-3513-1&partnerID=40&md5=640a8c0456d7c9297cd1804c59edcf68

AFFILIATIONS: School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China; College of Engineering and Applied Science, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Many landslides can often be characterized as a sort of landslides which move rapidly like flowing fluid and thus have a long run-out. They usually cause large damage and casualties especially when they are trigged by an earthquake or heavy rain. Numerical simulations of flow-like landslides are difficult due to the existence of free surface and large flow deformations. In this work, the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method is applied to model two- and three-dimensional flow-like landslides for the run-out analysis. This is because SPH method is a meshfree, Lagrangian particle method, and is believed to be superior to conventional numerical methods in treating free surfaces, moving interfaces, and large deformations; hence, it is ideal in describing the complex fluidization characteristics in flow-like landslides. In this paper, a Bingham flow model and Navier–Stokes equations are incorporated into the SPH frame work, in which fluids are discretized by flow particles, and 3D terrain topography from GIS is represented by surface (or solid wall) particles. An improved SPH method is first applied to simulate the whole run-out processes of three flow-like landslides, which were triggered by Wenchuan earthquake that occurred in China in 2008. The effectiveness of the improved SPH method in modeling flow-like landslides is demonstrated by the good agreement of the 3D profile simulation results obtained from the present SPH simulation with field observation and results from other open sources. The SPH method is then used to predict the run-out area of Jinpingzi landslide. © 2014, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Flow-like landslides; Hazardous area prediction; Run-out analysis; Smoothed particle hydrodynamics; Three-dimensional simulation
INDEX KEYWORDS: Crystallography; Deformation; Earthquakes; Fluidization; Forecasting; Landslides; Navier Stokes equations; Numerical methods; Topography; Fluidization characteristics; Hazardous area; Lagrangian particle method; Run outs; Smoothed particle hydrodynamics; Smoothed particle hydrodynamics methods; Three dimensional simulations; Three-dimensional flow; Hydrodynamics
REFERENCES: Cascini, Leonardo, SPH run-out modelling of channelised landslides of the flow type, Geomorphology, 214, pp. 502-513, (2014); 
Chen, J. K., A generalized smoothed particle hydrodynamics method for nonlinear dynamic problems, Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 190, 1-2, pp. 225-239, (2000); 
Colagrossi, A., Numerical simulation of interfacial flows by smoothed particle hydrodynamics, Journal of Computational Physics, 191, 2, pp. 448-475, (2003); 
Dai, Zili, 3D numerical modeling using smoothed particle hydrodynamics of flow-like landslide propagation triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Engineering Geology, 180, pp. 21-33, (2014); 
Duncan, James Michael, State of the art: Limit equilibrium and finite-element analysis of slopes, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering - ASCE, 122, 7, pp. 577-596, (1996); 
Eberhardt, Erick, Numerical analysis of initiation and progressive failure in natural rock slopes-the 1991 Randa rockslide, International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 41, 1, pp. 69-87, (2004); 
Hadush, S., Importance of viscous fluid characteristics in liquefaction induced lateral spreading analysis, Computers and Geotechnics, 27, 3, pp. 199-224, (2000); 
Hammouri, Nezar Atalla, Stability analysis of slopes using the finite element method and limiting equilibrium approach, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 67, 4, pp. 471-478, (2008); 
Hu, Xiewen, Analysis of blocking river mechanism of Tangjiashan landslide and dam-breaking mode of its barrier dam, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 28, 1, pp. 181-189, (2009)
PUBLISHER: Springer Verlag
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wang, J., Jin, Z., Hilton, R.G., Zhang, F., Densmore, A.L., Li, G., West, A.J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wang, Jin (58465079600); Jin, Zhangdong (7403625767); Hilton, Robert G. (24385259400); Zhang, Fei (55195292000); Densmore, Alexander Logan (7004510678); Li, Gen (56127683700); West, Alison Joshua (26538380300)
58465079600; 7403625767; 24385259400; 55195292000; 7004510678; 56127683700; 26538380300
Controls on fluvial evacuation of sediment from earthquake-triggered landslides
(2015) Geology, 43 (2), pp. 115 - 118, Cited 135 times.
DOI: 10.1130/G36157.1
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84921803101&doi=10.1130%2FG36157.1&partnerID=40&md5=87b8218de439f470e9f3ad1361d39068

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Department of Geography, Durham University, Durham, County Durham, United Kingdom; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Institute of Global Environmental Change, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Institute of Hazard, Durham University, Durham, County Durham, United Kingdom; Department of Earth Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
ABSTRACT: Large earthquakes in active mountain belts can trigger landslides, which mobilize large volumes of clastic sediment. Delivery of this material to river channels may result in aggradation and flooding, while sediment residing on hillslopes may increase the likelihood of subsequent landslides and debris flows. Despite recognition of these processes, the controls on the residence time of coseismic landslide sediment in river catchments remain poorly understood. Here we assess the residence time of fine-grained (<0.25 mm) landslide sediment mobilized by the C.E. 2008 M<inf>w</inf> 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake, China, using daily suspended sediment discharge measured in 16 river catchments from 2006-2012. Following the earthquake, suspended sediment discharge was elevated 3-7× compared to 2006-2007. However, the total 2008-2012 export (92.5 ± 9.3 Mt from 68,719 km2) was much less than estimates of fine-grained sediment input by coseismic landslides (480 +350/-338 Mt) determined by landslide area-volume scaling and deposit grain-size distributions. We estimate the residence time of fine-grained sediment in the affected river catchments using the post-earthquake rate of sediment export, and find that it ranges from one year to over a century. The first-order variability in fine-sediment residence time is proportional to the areal extent of coseismic landsliding, and is inversely proportional to the frequency of intense runoff events (>5 mm day-1). Together with previous observations from the C.E. 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake in Taiwan, our results demonstrate the importance of landslide density and runoff intensity in setting the duration of earthquaketriggered landslide impacts on river systems. © 2015 Geological Society of America.
INDEX KEYWORDS: Catchments; Earthquakes; Grain size and shape; Landslides; Residence time distribution; Rivers; Runoff; ChiChi earthquake; Clastic sediments; Coseismic landsliding; Earthquake-triggered landslides; Fine-grained sediment; Grain size distribution; Suspended-sediment discharges; Wenchuan Earthquake; Suspended sediments; debris flow; discharge; earthquake mechanism; fine grained sediment; grain size; hillslope; landslide; mountain region; residence time; river flow; sediment transport; Sichuan earthquake 2008; size distribution; trigger mechanism; China
REFERENCES: Benda, Lee E., Stochastic forcing of sediment supply to channel networks from landsliding and debris flow, Water Resources Research, 33, 12, pp. 2849-2863, (1997); 
Dadson, Simon J., Earthquake-triggered increase in sediment delivery from an active mountain belt, Geology, 32, 8, pp. 733-736, (2004); 
Crozier, Michael James, The Nature of Landslide Hazard Impact, pp. 43-74, (2012); 
Guzzetti, Fausto, Landslide volumes and landslide mobilization rates in Umbria, central Italy, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 279, 3-4, pp. 222-229, (2009); 
Hovius, Niels, Prolonged seismically induced erosion and the mass balance of a large earthquake, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 304, 3-4, pp. 347-355, (2011); 
Howarth, Jamie D., Lake sediments record cycles of sediment flux driven by large earthquakes on the Alpine fault, New Zealand, Geology, 40, 12, pp. 1091-1094, (2012); 
Huang, Michelle Y.F., Fluvial response to rapid episodic erosion by earthquake and typhoons, Tachia River, central Taiwan, Geomorphology, 175-176, pp. 126-138, (2012); 
Huang, Runqiu, The landslide story, Nature Geoscience, 6, 5, pp. 325-326, (2013); 
Keefer, David K., LANDSLIDES CAUSED BY EARTHQUAKES., Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 95, 4, pp. 406-421, (1984); 
Keefer, David K., The importance of earthquake-induced landslides to long-term slope erosion and slope-failure hazards in seismically active regions, Geomorphology, 10, 1-4, pp. 265-284, (1994)
PUBLISHER: Geological Society of America
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Zhu, C., Huang, Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhu, Chongqiang (56183424800); Huang, Yu (57204857931)
56183424800; 57204857931
Numerical simulation of earthquake-induced landslide run-out
(2015), pp. 938 - 941, Cited 6 times.
DOI: 10.3208/jgssp.CHN-12
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84971483933&doi=10.3208%2Fjgssp.CHN-12&partnerID=40&md5=fa699b8a8ebe0ae9273019075529dac1

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Geotechnical Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
ABSTRACT: Landslides trigged by earthquake have leaded to tremendous deaths, injuries and property loss. Therefore, it is an urgent need to make out the flow characteristics, which is fundamental for hazard assessment and risk evaluation. However, the traditional mesh method, which is based on a framework of solid mechanics, has difficulty in simulating the run-out process of landslides considering its deficiency in modelling large deformations. In this paper, the moving particle simulation (MPS) is introduced to simulate landslide run-out. To bypass the pressure fluctuation of the original MPS, this method is modified in three aspects including the kernel function, source term of the Poisson equation and the free surface discrimination. The effectiveness of the pressure stability of the modified MPS is verified and validated by two classical benchmark problems: the dam break problem and the static problem. To preferably describe the dynamic feature of landslide, the Bingham constitutive model with the Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion is introduced into the modified MPS and an equivalent Newtonian viscosity is adapted to bridge the gap between Bingham flow model and Newtonian flow model. Finally, the proposed method is applied to analyze the landslide run-out of the Tangjiashan landslide which is induced by the Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake. The simulated results are compared with the field data to evaluate the effectiveness and the accuracy of the proposed numerical scheme. All calculated results show good agreement with the field data, which indicates that the proposed method is capable to capture the fluidization characteristic of landslide and to reproduce the whole flow process of earthquake-induced landslide. This will ultimately help people assess the hazard to reduce or even avoid this disaster in earthquake-prone zones.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Landslide; Moving particle simulation; Pressure fluctuation; WENCHUAN earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Bins; Disaster prevention; Earthquakes; Fluidization; Geophysics; Geotechnical engineering; Hazards; Mechanics; Poisson equation; Risk assessment; Soil mechanics; Earthquake-induced landslides; Fluidization characteristics; Mohr Coulomb yield criterion; Moving particle simulation (MPS); Moving particles; Pressure fluctuation; Tangjiashan landslides; Wenchuan Earthquake; Landslides
REFERENCES: Hu, Xiewen, Analysis of blocking river mechanism of Tangjiashan landslide and dam-breaking mode of its barrier dam, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 28, 1, pp. 181-189, (2009); 
Huang, Yu, Run-out analysis of flow-like landslides triggered by the Ms 8.0 2008 Wenchuan earthquake using smoothed particle hydrodynamics, Landslides, 9, 2, pp. 275-283, (2012); 
Huang, Yu, Simulation of flow slides in municipal solid waste dumps using a modified MPS method, Natural Hazards, 74, 2, pp. 491-508, (2014); 
Huang, Yu, Numerical analysis of tsunami–structure interaction using a modified MPS method, Natural Hazards, 75, 3, pp. 2847-2862, (2015); 
Korean Soc Ocean Engrg, (2008); 
Kondo, Masahiro, Improvement of stability in moving particle semi-implicit method, International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids, 65, 6, pp. 638-654, (2011); 
Koshizuka, Seiichi, Moving-particle semi-implicit method for fragmentation of incompressible fluid, Nuclear Science and Engineering, 123, 3, pp. 421-434, (1996); 
Moriguchi, Shuji, Numerical simulation of flow failure of geomaterials based on fluid dynamics, Soils and Foundations, 45, 2, pp. 155-165, (2005); 
Papanastasiou, Tasos C., Flows of Materials with Yield, Journal of Rheology, 31, 5, pp. 385-404, (1987); 
Xu, Qiang, Landslide dams triggered by the Wenchuan Earthquake, Sichuan Province, south west China, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 68, 3, pp. 373-386, (2009)
PUBLISHER: Asian Regional Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering
SPONSORS: Association for Disaster Prevention Research, et al., Fukuoka Convention and Visitors Bureau, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science - Grant-in-Aid for Publication of Scientific Research Results, Kyushu Regional Planning Association, The Maeda Engineering Foundation
CONFERENCE NAME: 15th Asian Regional Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, ARC 2015
CONFERENCE DATE: 2015-11-09 through 2015-11-13
CONFERENCE LOCATION: Fukuoka, Kyushu
CONFERENCE CODE: 121341
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Deng, J.L., Xu, Q., Chen, L.Z., Koseki, J., Shen, S.L.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Deng, Jianliang (42861335200); Xu, Qiang (56506033600); Chen, Longzhu (7409443912); Koseki, Junichi (35617008700); Shen, S. L. (57262533600)
42861335200; 56506033600; 7409443912; 35617008700; 57262533600
Effect of strength decrease of rock on the displacement of Tangjiashan Landslide in 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake, China
(2015), pp. 2596 - 2599, Cited 1 times.
DOI: 10.3208/jgssp.CHN-42
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84971477315&doi=10.3208%2Fjgssp.CHN-42&partnerID=40&md5=b2b8b4886a048eac4ad957475c1dd45d

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Civil Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
ABSTRACT: The sliding mass of Tangjiashan Landslide in 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake moved more than 350 m (toe part) horizontally. Based on the field investigation, peak and residual strength of rock (strictly, rock discontinuities) were evaluated. Then, the displacement was calculated using extended Newmark and Janbu method (extended NJ method). In order to give a rapid evaluation of displacement in field, more attention was paid on the effect of strength decrease of rock during sliding. The result shows that if the strength did not decrease largely after a short displacement, the displacement would be much less than the actual displacement during the earthquake. In addition, the sliding duration was significantly affected by the minimum value of displacement for the residual state.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Dip slope; Earthquake-induced slope failure; Extended Newmark and Janbu method; Strength decrease
INDEX KEYWORDS: Geophysics; Geotechnical engineering; Landslides; Rocks; Soil mechanics; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Dip slope; Field investigation; Janbu method; Peak and residual strength; Slope failure; Strength decrease; Tangjiashan landslides; Earthquakes
REFERENCES: Journal of Mountain Science, (2007); 
Deng, Jianliang, A modified procedure to evaluate earthquake-induced displacement of slopes containing a weak layer, Soils and Foundations, 50, 3, pp. 413-420, (2010); 
Deng, Jianliang, Study on dip slope failure at higashi takezawa induced by 2004 Niigata-Ken Chuetsu earthquake, Soils and Foundations, 51, 5, pp. 929-943, (2011); 
Tangjiashan Landslide Beichuan Large Scale Landslides Induced by the Wenchuan Earthquake, (2009); 
Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, (1957); 
Jibson, Randall W., Regression models for estimating coseismic landslide displacement, Engineering Geology, 91, 2-4, pp. 209-218, (2007); 
Newmark, Nathan M., Effects of earthquakes on dams and embankments, Geotechnique, 15, 2, pp. 139-160, (1965); 
Schuster, Robert L., Effects of landslide damming on hydroelectric projects., pp. 1295-1307, (1986); 
Skempton, Alec Westley, Residual strength of clays in landslides, folded strata and the laboratory, Geotechnique, 35, 1, pp. 3-18, (1985); 
undefined, (2008)
PUBLISHER: Asian Regional Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering
SPONSORS: Association for Disaster Prevention Research, et al., Fukuoka Convention and Visitors Bureau, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science - Grant-in-Aid for Publication of Scientific Research Results, Kyushu Regional Planning Association, The Maeda Engineering Foundation
CONFERENCE NAME: 15th Asian Regional Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, ARC 2015
CONFERENCE DATE: 2015-11-09 through 2015-11-13
CONFERENCE LOCATION: Fukuoka, Kyushu
CONFERENCE CODE: 121341
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Shang, J., Liu, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Shang, Jinglu (57158525600); Liu, Jifu (56865427300)
57158525600; 56865427300
Research on an earthquake-induced landslide probability of occurrence model based on the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake
(2015), pp. 517 - 526, Cited 0 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84960120118&partnerID=40&md5=3163176e9396e291fd3529a9c8cfc8b5

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disaster, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; Academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: In this paper, we developed a probability of occurrence model of landslides induced by earthquakes for the 10 counties that were worst hit by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, using the dynamics-based Newmark displacement method. The model will be a significant reference and will be able to provide guidance for emergency response, landslide warning and forecast, and relief and reconstruction work in the aftermath of future earthquakes. First, based on engineering geology groups, relevant empirical parameters, and a slope map of the counties worst hit by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, the static safety factor of the shallow saturated slopes and critical accelerations were derived using space analysis in ArcGIS. Second, we collected the peak ground accelerations from the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake from 32 stations in the worst hit counties. Then, we interpolated the peak ground NS and EW accelerations using the Spline interpolation method in ArcGIS and calculated the average peak ground accelerations. The distributions of the Newmark displacements in the study area were described based on the average peak ground accelerations and critical accelerations. Finally, we developed an earthquake-induced landslide probability of occurrence model by combining the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake landslide data with the Newmark displacements. © 2015 Taylor & Francis Group, London.
INDEX KEYWORDS: Acceleration; Earthquake engineering; Geophysics; Interpolation; Landslides; Probability; Risk analysis; Risk assessment; Safety factor; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Critical acceleration; Earthquake-induced landslides; Empirical parameters; Peak ground acceleration; Probability of occurrence; Spline interpolation; Static safety factors; Earthquakes
REFERENCES: Chen, Xiaoli, Applying the Newmark's model to the assessment of earthquake-triggered landslides during the Lushan earthquake, Dizhen Dizhi, 35, 3, pp. 661-670, (2013); 
Hsieh, Shangyu, Empirical estimation of the newmark displacement from the arias intensity and critical acceleration, Engineering Geology, 122, 1-2, pp. 34-42, (2011); 
Jibson, Randall W., Methods for assessing the stability of slopes during earthquakes-A retrospective, Engineering Geology, 122, 1-2, pp. 43-50, (2011); 
Jibson, Randall W., Regression models for estimating coseismic landslide displacement, Engineering Geology, 91, 2-4, pp. 209-218, (2007); 
Jibson, Randall W., A method for producing digital probabilistic seismic landslide hazard maps, Engineering Geology, 58, 3-4, pp. 271-289, (2000); 
Jibson, Randall W., Predicting earthquake-induced landslide displacements using Newmark's sliding block analysis, Transportation Research Record, 1411, pp. 9-17, (1993); 
Newmark, Nathan M., Effects of earthquakes on dams and embankments, Geotechnique, 15, 2, pp. 139-160, (1965); 
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, (1983); 
Romeo, Roberto Walter, Seismically induced landslide displacements: A predictive model, Engineering Geology, 58, 3-4, pp. 337-351, (2000); 
Proceedings 1 Sup St Sup North American Landslide Conference Nalc, (2007)
PUBLISHER: CRC Press/Balkema Pub.NL@taylorandfrancis.com
SPONSORS: Society for Risk Analysis
CONFERENCE NAME: 5th International Conference on Risk Analysis and Crisis Response, RACR 2015
CONFERENCE DATE: 2015-06-01 through 2015-06-03
CONFERENCE LOCATION: Tangier
CONFERENCE CODE: 156899
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Shen, L., Liu, L., Yang, W., Xu, C., Wang, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Shen, Lingling (56032649500); Liu, Lianyou (7405254909); Yang, Wentao (55499294400); Xu, Chong (35184309900); Wang, Jingpu (56491409200)
56032649500; 7405254909; 55499294400; 35184309900; 56491409200
Rainfall threshold analysis for the initiation of landslides in Sichuan Province of China
(2015), pp. 441 - 447, Cited 0 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84960119793&partnerID=40&md5=c6c684c8a4000333c8def50540cbebd5

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disaster, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Active Tectonics and Volcano, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Rainfall and earthquake are two primary triggers for landslides. In earthquake zones, earthquake could cause a lot of loose deposits and unstable slopes, which are prone to generate new landslides under the subsequent rainfall after earthquake. Based on the inventory of major landslides occurred in Sichuan Province since 2000, combined with the critical rainfall and duration data, the rainfall intensity-duration threshold curves of landslides in Sichuan are drawn, and the threshold changes before and after Wenchuan earthquake are analyzed comparatively. Results show that the threshold is lower after earthquake, indicating an unstable state of slopes after strong earthquakes which result in low rainfall condition to initiate landslide. © 2015 Taylor & Francis Group, London.
INDEX KEYWORDS: Earthquakes; Geophysics; Landslides; Rain; Risk assessment; Critical rainfall; Earthquake zones; Rainfall condition; Rainfall intensity durations; Rainfall thresholds; Sichuan province; Strong earthquakes; Wenchuan Earthquake; Risk analysis
REFERENCES: Caine, Nel, The rainfall intensity-duration control of shallow landslides and debris flows., Geografiska Annaler, Series A: Physical Geography, 62, 1-2, pp. 23-27, (1980); 
Chen, Chienyuan, Rainfall duration and debris-flow initiated studies for real-time monitoring, Environmental Geology, 47, 5, pp. 715-724, (2005); 
Cui, Peng, The Wenchuan Earthquake (May 12, 2008), Sichuan Province, China, and resulting geohazards, Natural Hazards, 56, 1, pp. 19-36, (2011); 
Journal of Risk Analysis and Crisis Response, (2013); 
Guzzetti, Fausto, The rainfall intensity-duration control of shallow landslides and debris flows: An update, Landslides, 5, 1, pp. 3-17, (2008); 
Lin, Ching-Wee Weei, Impact of Chi-Chi earthquake on the occurrence of landslides and debris flows: Example from the Chenyulan River watershed, Nantou, Taiwan, Engineering Geology, 71, 1-2, pp. 49-61, (2004); 
Liu, Chiannan, Impacts of september 21, 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake on the characteristics of gully-type debris flows in central Taiwan, Natural Hazards, 47, 3, pp. 349-368, (2008); 
Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control, (2011); 
Journal of Risk Analysis and Crisis Response, (2012); 
Saito, Hitoshi, Relationship between the initiation of a shallow landslide and rainfall intensity-duration thresholds in Japan, Geomorphology, 118, 1-2, pp. 167-175, (2010)
PUBLISHER: CRC Press/Balkema Pub.NL@taylorandfrancis.com
SPONSORS: Society for Risk Analysis
CONFERENCE NAME: 5th International Conference on Risk Analysis and Crisis Response, RACR 2015
CONFERENCE DATE: 2015-06-01 through 2015-06-03
CONFERENCE LOCATION: Tangier
CONFERENCE CODE: 156899
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Yang, W., Wang, M., Shi, P.J., Van Westen, C.J., Kerle, N.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Yang, Wentao (55499294400); Wang, Ming (55732001400); Shi, Peijun (7202160985); Van Westen, Cees J. (6701664942); Kerle, Norman (55893253300)
55499294400; 55732001400; 7202160985; 6701664942; 55893253300
Mapping coseismic landslide damaged buildings during the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake in rural mountainous area
(2015), pp. 219 - 224, Cited 0 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84960119242&partnerID=40&md5=c1a8de0c2148747d9cdafb2d1198451d

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; Academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; Department of Earth Systems Analysis, Universiteit Twente, Enschede, Overijssel, Netherlands
ABSTRACT: Determining the location of coseismic landslides damaged buildings is critical to the understanding of human losses from earthquake-induced landslides during major earthquakes in mountainous regions. Because of the vast area of the earthquake affected region and the sparse locations of rural settlements, previous knowledge on buildings and human losses resulting from coseismic landslides mainly rely on rough estimations from limited field work. Application of high resolution satellite remote sensing opens a new way to map pre-seismic rural mountainous housing over large areas, and thus can accurately determine the location of coseismic landslide damaged housing spatially. In this work, we used the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake as an example and use SPOT5 images taken before the earthquake for a seimi-automated mapping of buildings in rural areas. Then, by spatial overlay analysis with an existing coseismic landslide inventory, we mapped the location of landslide damaged buildings in this area. This semi-automatic method can be further applied to the entire Wenchuan Earthquake affected region to determine the locations of all landslides damaged buildings and finally improve the performance of earthquake loss estimation models. © 2015 Taylor & Francis Group, London.
INDEX KEYWORDS: Buildings; Environmental engineering; Environmental technology; Geophysics; Housing; Landslides; Location; Mapping; Remote sensing; Rural areas; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Earthquake loss estimation; Earthquake-induced landslides; High resolution satellites; Landslide inventories; Mountainous regions; Semiautomatic methods; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes
REFERENCES: As-syakur, Abd. Rahman, Enhanced built-UP and bareness index (EBBI) for mapping built-UP and bare land in an urban area, Remote Sensing, 4, 10, pp. 2957-2970, (2012); 
Azar, Derek, Generation of fine-scale population layers using multi-resolution satellite imagery and geospatial data, Remote Sensing of Environment, 130, pp. 219-232, (2013); 
Azar, Derek, Spatial refinement of census population distribution using remotely sensed estimates of impervious surfaces in Haiti, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 31, 21, pp. 5635-5655, (2010); 
Budimir, M. E.A., Earthquake-and-landslide events are associated with more fatalities than earthquakes alone, Natural Hazards, 72, 2, pp. 895-914, (2014); 
Fell, Robin, Guidelines for landslide susceptibility, hazard and risk zoning for land-use planning, Engineering Geology, 102, 3-4, pp. 99-111, (2008); 
Subpixel Impervious Surface Mapping, (2001); 
Proceedings of the First World Landslide Forum, (2008); 
Görüm, Tolga, Complex rupture mechanism and topography control symmetry of mass-wasting pattern, 2010 Haiti earthquake, Geomorphology, 184, pp. 127-138, (2013); 
Harp, Edwin L., Landslide inventories: The essential part of seismic landslide hazard analyses, Engineering Geology, 122, 1-2, pp. 9-21, (2011); 
Huang, Runqiu, Analysis of the geo-hazards triggered by the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake, China, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 68, 3, pp. 363-371, (2009)
PUBLISHER: CRC Press/Balkema Pub.NL@taylorandfrancis.com
CONFERENCE NAME: 5th International Conference on Environmental Science and Information Application Technology, ESIAT 2014
CONFERENCE DATE: 2014-11-07 through 2014-11-08
CONFERENCE LOCATION: Hong Kong
CONFERENCE CODE: 156819
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Miao, T., Wang, M.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Miao, T. (57206226128); Wang, Ming (55732001400)
57206226128; 55732001400
Can co-seismic landslide susceptibility predict subsequent landslides after major earthquake?
(2015), pp. 141 - 145, Cited 0 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84960112457&partnerID=40&md5=0d0d21da0bb4a740d1098269f9f101ce

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; Academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: It was observed that a large number of landslides continued to occur in the years following the Wenchuan earthquake. This paper investigates the dynamic patterns of landslides in Pingwu County, Sichuan Province through the interpretation of high-resolution satellite images in 2008, 2011, and 2013, and explores the relationship between the distribution of evolving landslides and their original susceptibility right after Wenchuan earthquake. A landslide susceptibility model was built based on environmental variables and calculated Newmark displacement by using random forest algorithm. The results show that the susceptibility model provides accurate landslide prediction not only for co-seismic landslides but also for landslides occurred a few years later. The non-landslide areas still are more likely to evolve into landslide hazard areas given some disturbances such as severe precipitation and aftershocks in the following years after major earthquake. © 2015 Taylor & Francis Group, London.
INDEX KEYWORDS: Decision trees; Environmental engineering; Environmental technology; Geophysics; Landslides; Seismology; Dynamic patterns; Environmental variables; High resolution satellite images; Landslide prediction; Landslide susceptibility; Random forest algorithm; Seismic landslides; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes
REFERENCES: Breiman, Leo, Bagging predictors, Machine Learning, 24, 2, pp. 123-140, (1996); 
Breiman, Leo, Random forests, Machine Learning, 45, 1, pp. 5-32, (2001); 
Catani, Filippo, Landslide susceptibility estimation by random forests technique: Sensitivity and scaling issues, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 13, 11, pp. 2815-2831, (2013); 
Chiou, Shianjin, Evaluating landslides and sediment yields induced by the chi-chi earthquake and followed heavy rainfalls along the ta-chia river, Journal of GeoEngineering, 2, 2, pp. 73-83, (2007); 
Choi, Jaewon, Combining landslide susceptibility maps obtained from frequency ratio, logistic regression, and artificial neural network models using ASTER images and GIS, Engineering Geology, 124, 1, pp. 12-23, (2012); 
Das, Iswar Chandra, Landslide susceptibility mapping along road corridors in the Indian Himalayas using Bayesian logistic regression models, Geomorphology, 179, pp. 116-125, (2012); 
Duman, Tamer Yiǧit, Application of logistic regression for landslide susceptibility zoning of Cekmece Area, Istanbul, Turkey, Environmental Geology, 51, 2, pp. 241-256, (2006); 
Statistics Information Forum, (2011); 
Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, (2003); 
Huang, Yu, Secondary geological hazard analysis in Beichuan after the Wenchuan earthquake and recommendations for reconstruction, Environmental Earth Sciences, 66, 4, pp. 1001-1009, (2012)
PUBLISHER: CRC Press/Balkema Pub.NL@taylorandfrancis.com
CONFERENCE NAME: 5th International Conference on Environmental Science and Information Application Technology, ESIAT 2014
CONFERENCE DATE: 2014-11-07 through 2014-11-08
CONFERENCE LOCATION: Hong Kong
CONFERENCE CODE: 156819
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wang, L., Nishie, S., Uchimura, T., Qiao, J., Tian, H., Yang, Z.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wang, Lin (55721353300); Nishie, Shunsaku (6507401117); Uchimura, Taro (7007007474); Qiao, Jianping (24485090400); Tian, Hongling (14520009600); Yang, Zongji (24485723300)
55721353300; 6507401117; 7007007474; 24485090400; 14520009600; 24485723300
Stability monitoring of earthquake-induced rockfall
(2015), pp. 17 - 22, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.3208/jgssp.JPN-28
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84959357200&doi=10.3208%2Fjgssp.JPN-28&partnerID=40&md5=e7d5dba6726859199cd6c1dcd5104d88

AFFILIATIONS: Chuo Kaihatsu Corporation, Tokyo, Japan; The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: An early warning monitoring system is one of the most effective ways to reduce disasters induced by slope instabilities. The 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake that occurred in Sichuan province, China, induced more than 197000 slope failures and landslides. To reduce vulnerability to such slope and landslide hazards, an early warning system becomes important, and for this purpose, a newly developed simple and low-cost early warning system for slope failure and landslides is presented here. The new system is based on a tilt sensor that is easy to install. The sensor can monitor water content and slope deformation with a tilt MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems) module embedded in the sensor unit, and it can transfer real time data via a wireless network. Since 2010, the monitoring system has been used in seven actual large-scale slope failure and landslide sites to validate field performance. In this paper, we report on one monitoring case to show that the early warning system adequately monitors the stability of slope and debris fields in China. Based on the field site test results, the monitoring method is proposed for regions of increased hazard of earthquake-induced slope failure.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Early Warning; Landslide; Monitoring; Slope Failure
INDEX KEYWORDS: Earthquakes; Embedded systems; Geophysics; Hazards; Landslides; MEMS; Real time systems; Rock bursts; Slope stability; Wireless sensor networks; Early warning; Early Warning System; Micro electro mechanical system; Monitoring methods; Slope failure; Stability monitoring; Stability of slopes; Wenchuan Earthquake; Monitoring
REFERENCES: Historical Rock Falls in Yosemite National Park California 1857 2011, (2013); 
Proceedings of the International Conference on Fast Slope Movement Prediction and Prevention for Risk Mitigation Fsm2003, (2003); 
Uchimura, Taro, Development of low-cost early warning system of slope instability for civilian use, 3, pp. 1897-1900, (2009); 
International Workshop on ICT in Geo Engineering Ictge 2012, (2012); 
Chinese Journal of Engineering Geology, (2013)
PUBLISHER: Japanese Geotechnical Society kaishi@jiban.or.jp
CONFERENCE NAME: 6th Japan-China Geotechnical Symposium, SJGS 2015
CONFERENCE DATE: 2015-08-31 through 2015-09-01
CONFERENCE LOCATION: Hokkaido
CONFERENCE CODE: 117873
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Yang, Y., Hou, H., Tingting, G., Niu, N., Lu, L.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Yang, Zhiquan (56171368600); Hou, Kepeng (25651332700); Tingting, Guo (57494314500); Niu, Xiangdong (56729823800); Lu, Yongfeng (57090654700)
56171368600; 25651332700; 57494314500; 56729823800; 57090654700
Activity evaluation of debris flow disasters in NiuMiangou valley, the epicentre of Wenchuan earthquake
(2015) Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 20 (21), pp. 11389 - 11397, Cited 0 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84956862135&partnerID=40&md5=a4c5aa783d959a8c29be74036b5e55df

AFFILIATIONS: Faculty of Land Resource Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
ABSTRACT: As an outcome of co-action of geomorphology, stratum lithology, geology and climatic after Wenchuan earthquake, three basic formation conditions inducing rainfall-type debris flows, such as, sufficient loose solid sources, mountainous landform with very high and steep slopes and concentrative heavy precipitation in the rainy season, have well all developed in NiuMiangou valley, and have brought about frequently lots of large scale rainfall-type debris flows disasters post 5.12 earthquake, which have great influence to local people's health and life safety. Based on in situ investigation and theoretical analysis, seven evaluation factors, such as, reserves of loose solid sources, daily maximum precipitation, drainage basin area, main channel length, drainage basin relief, drainage density and active main channel proportion, et al, are selected and activity of debris flows disasters in NiuMiangou valley is evaluated by using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. Evaluation results are relatively higher consistent with practical situation of debris flows in NiuMiangou valley, and they can not only show that activity of debris flows in this valley belongs to extremely intense activity, but also may conclude that debris flow is in the development phase now and some large-scale rainfall induced debris flows disasters in the rainy season will easily occur in periods of 10 to 20 years, even up to 30-40 years after earthquake in Niumiangou valley. Therefore, research achievements may provide some theoretical supports for disaster prevention and mitigation and warning and forecast of debris flow in this watershed. © 2015 ejge.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Activity evaluation; Debris flow; Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method; NiuMiangou valley
INDEX KEYWORDS: Catchments; Debris; Disaster prevention; Disasters; Fuzzy set theory; Geophysics; Landforms; Lithology; Precipitation (meteorology); Rain; Activity evaluations; Debris flows; Disaster prevention and mitigations; Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method; High and steep slope; In-situ investigations; NiuMiangou valley; Research achievements; Earthquakes; debris flow; disaster; earthquake epicenter; fuzzy mathematics; Sichuan earthquake 2008; valley
REFERENCES: Cui, Peng, The Wenchuan Earthquake (May 12, 2008), Sichuan Province, China, and resulting geohazards, Natural Hazards, 56, 1, pp. 19-36, (2011); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2010); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2009); 
Fuzzy Mathematics and Its Application M, (1991); 
Theory and Application of Fuzzy Mathematics, (1992); 
Danger Assessment on Debris Flow, (1995); 
Saracoglu, Burak Omer, Selecting industrial investment locations in master plans of countries, European Journal of Industrial Engineering, 7, 4, pp. 416-441, (2013); 
Analytic Hierarchy Process and Its Application Cases, (2014)
PUBLISHER: E-Journal of Geotechnical Engineering oner@okstate.edu
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wang, G., Huang, R., Kamai, T.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wang, Gonghui (8532560900); Huang, Runqiu (55835407700); Kamai, Toshitaka (7003797392)
8532560900; 55835407700; 7003797392
The internal structure and stability of some large landslide dams induced by the 2008 Wenchuan (Mw7.9) Earthquake, China
(2015), pp. 1163 - 1169, Cited 1 times.
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-09057-3_204
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84944621131&doi=10.1007%2F978-3-319-09057-3_204&partnerID=40&md5=6f705518e21ae1b36b760940e5338385

AFFILIATIONS: Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan; Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: The internal structure of landslide dams plays a key role in their stability; however, it has not been much studied, probably due to the difficulty in obtaining information on internal structure in most cases. Here, by using a surface-wave technique we examined the shear wave velocity structure (Vs) of three landslide dams induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake (Mw7.9). The Vs profile of the dams revealed that the internal structure of the dams depends on the geology and the movement of the landslides. Based on the internal structure and the real performance of the dam, the stability of these landslide dams had been discussed. . © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Internal Structure; Landslide Dam; Stability; Wenchuan Earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Convergence of numerical methods; Earthquakes; Landslides; Shear flow; Shear waves; Surface waves; Wave propagation; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Internal structure; Landslide dam; Shear wave velocity structure; Surface wave techniques; Wenchuan Earthquake; Dams
REFERENCES: Seismology and Geology, (1994); 
Ermini, Leonardo, Prediction of the behaviour of landslide dams using a geomorphological dimensionless index, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 28, 1, pp. 31-47, (2003); 
Fan, Xuanmei, Transient water and sediment storage of the decaying landslide dams induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Geomorphology, 171-172, pp. 58-68, (2012); 
Görüm, Tolga, Distribution pattern of earthquake-induced landslides triggered by the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Geomorphology, 133, 3-4, pp. 152-167, (2011); 
Hayashi, Koichi, CMP cross-correlation analysis of multi-channel surface-wave data, Exploration Geophysics, 35, 1, pp. 7-13, (2004); 
Imai, Tsuneo, CORRELATION OF N VALUE WITH S-WAVE VELOCITY AND SHEAR MODULUS., pp. 67-72, (1982); 
J China Water Resour, (2008); 
Geological Atlas of China, (2002); 
Journal of the Japan Landslide Society, (2010); 
Proceedings of 2011 Landslide Symposium Kansai Branch of Japan Landslide Society, (2011)
PUBLISHER: Springer International Publishing
DOCUMENT TYPE: Book chapter
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Huang, H., Zhao, Q., Li, X.-L.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Huang, Heqing (57653627900); Zhao, Qihua (55547131555); Li, Xianglong (56909364700)
57653627900; 55547131555; 56909364700
The analysis of dynamics characteristics of large-scale Wenjiagou landslide-sturzstrom triggered by Wenchuan earthquake
(2015), pp. 697 - 702, Cited 4 times.
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-09057-3_116
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84944597580&doi=10.1007%2F978-3-319-09057-3_116&partnerID=40&md5=76a3ed66d2500641109bb284550c298a

AFFILIATIONS: CCCC Second Highway Survey and Design Institute Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei, China; State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; China Institute of Geo-Environmental Monitoring, Beijing, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: The M8.0 Wenchuan Earthquake induced a lot of huge landslide events in the Mt. Longmenshan area in 12th May, 2008. One event is the Wenjiagou Landslide-Sturzstrom Event in Qingping County, Mianzhu, China. It killed 48 people and induced a serious of geohazards. The distance between landslide and seismogenic fault (named Yingxiu-Beichuan Fault) is only 3.6 km. This event is a kind of landslide with high-locality, long run-off distance and very high-speed. The sliding mass transformed to sturzstrom by colliding with valley. Accompanied air cushion effect and front airblast effect, the sturzstrom-mass motion was a very complex process. The volume of sturzstrom deposit was more than 5 × 107m3, it will make the debris flow occurring frequently in Qingping County area in future. For instance, the strong raining induced a great 6 × 106 m3 debris flow disaster in Wenjiagou Valley, 13th August, 2010. Authors preliminary studied on the kinematical characteristics of strong earthquake triggered massive rocky slope failure with methods of landslide dynamic. The final run-off distance is 4,170 m in horizontal direction, and 1,360 m in vertical direction, within about 1 min. The mass of landslide or sturzstrom is dry, and the sturzstrom was composed by air and solid deposit. The calculation shows that the sliding mass moved and accelerated to 74.6 m/s and then increased to 109.34 m/s when sliding mass started a short flight. The motion eigenvalue (μ) of this event is 0.36 which shows it is a strong sturzstrom process. However, its mobility is reduced by multiple impacts. © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Earthquake Landslide; Kinematical Characteristics; Sturzstrom; Wenchuan Earthquake; Wenjiagou Landslide
INDEX KEYWORDS: Debris; Deposits; Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions; Faulting; Landslides; Dynamics characteristic; Kinematical Characteristics; Landslide dynamics; Seismogenic faults; Strong earthquakes; Sturzstrom; Vertical direction; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes
REFERENCES: Report on Strong Earthquake Motion Records in China, (2008); 
Fang, Y. S., Kinematic mechanism of catastrophic landslides and prediction of their velocities and travelling distances, pp. 125-128, (1988); 
Geological Map and Notation of the People S Republic of China Scale of 1 50 000, (1995); 
Bergsturz Und Menschenleben, (1932); 
Hsü, Kenneth Jinghwa, Catastrophic debris streams (sturzstroms) generated by rockfalls, Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 86, 1, pp. 129-140, (1975); 
Li, Xiaojun, Preliminary analysis of strong-motion recordings from the magnitude 8.0 Wenchuan, China, Earthquake of 12 May 2008, Seismological Research Letters, 79, 6, pp. 844-854, (2008); 
Scheidegger, Adrian E., On the prediction of the reach and velocity of catastrophic landslides, Rock Mechanics, 5, 4, pp. 231-236, (1973); 
Wenjiagou Debis Flow Survey Design Report R, (2008); 
Chinas First Announced the Number of Victims and the Missing Students in the Wenchuan Earthquake, (2009); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2008)
PUBLISHER: Springer International Publishing
DOCUMENT TYPE: Book chapter
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Tang, C., Jiang, Z., Li, W.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Tang, Chuan (35932953300); Jiang, Zhilin (56909145300); Li, Weile (25936551300)
35932953300; 56909145300; 25936551300
Seismic landslide evolution and debris flow development: A case study in the Hongchun Catchment, Wenchuan area of China
(2015), pp. 445 - 449, Cited 16 times.
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-09057-3_72
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84944590936&doi=10.1007%2F978-3-319-09057-3_72&partnerID=40&md5=77566ddf03748e7957beb3ba9dc7fb70

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: A strong earthquake not only triggered large numbers of co-seismic landslides but also contributed afterwards to an increase in rainfall triggered landslide activity and the development of devastating debris flows. In this paper, a typical catchment of the Hongchun gully near the epicenter of the Wenchuan earthquake (Sichuan Province, China) was chosen as a case study area, for a remote sensing analysis of landslide evolution and debris flow development prior to and after the Wenchuan earthquake. This study reveals that earthquake shaking severely disturbed surface strata, posing a potential continuing hazard in the region, as the slopes are very susceptible to future land sliding and debris flows under heavy rainfall conditions. . © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris Flow; Intense Rainfall; Landslide Evolution; Remote Sensing Imagery; Wenchuan Earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Catchments; Debris; Landslides; Rain; Remote sensing; Runoff; Debris flows; Earthquake shaking; Intense rainfalls; Remote sensing analysis; Remote sensing imagery; Seismic landslides; Strong earthquakes; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes
REFERENCES: Aleotti, Pietro, Landslide hazard assessment: Summary review and new perspectives, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 58, 1, pp. 21-44, (1999); 
Khattak, Ghazanfar Ali, Evolution of earthquake-triggered landslides in the Kashmir Himalaya, northern Pakistan, Geomorphology, 115, 1-2, pp. 102-108, (2010); 
Koi, Takashi, Prolonged impact of earthquake-induced landslides on sediment yield in a mountain watershed: The Tanzawa region, Japan, Geomorphology, 101, 4, pp. 692-702, (2008); 
Lin, Ching-Wee Weei, Impact of Chi-Chi earthquake on the occurrence of landslides and debris flows: Example from the Chenyulan River watershed, Nantou, Taiwan, Engineering Geology, 71, 1-2, pp. 49-61, (2004); 
Tang, Chuan, Catastrophic debris flows triggered by a 14 August 2010 rainfall at the epicenter of the Wenchuan earthquake, Landslides, 8, 4, pp. 485-497, (2011)
PUBLISHER: Springer International Publishing
DOCUMENT TYPE: Book chapter
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Chen, X., Zhou, B., Ran, H., Min, W., Zhou, Q.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Chen, Xiaoli (8346444100); Zhou, Benjang Gang (8289961000); Ran, Hongliu (36792615400); Min, Wei (7102353544); Zhou, Qing (55722123100)
8346444100; 8289961000; 36792615400; 7102353544; 55722123100
Influence of rock masses properties on the slope stabilities: A study based on slope failures during the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake
(2015), pp. 1219 - 1223, Cited 4 times.
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-09057-3_213
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84944586997&doi=10.1007%2F978-3-319-09057-3_213&partnerID=40&md5=6a7cec4bfc11c0b17f15e4b5d27765d2

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Active Tectonics and Volcano, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Lots of studies of the landslides triggered during the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, China have shown an uncommon phenomenon that the slope failures frequently occurred in the hard rock masses like granites and limestone. This is different from what have been found in other events in the southwest China, such as the Luhuo earthquake in 1973, the Zhaotong earthquake in 1974. Statistical analysis shows that 44% of the geohazards occurred in the soft rocks such as shale, phyllite, etc., which mainly outcrop in the northern part of the affected region; and more than 55% of all the geohazards occurred in the hard rock mass like granite and limestone, which mainly outcrop in the southern part of the affected region closing to the epicenter. When correlating slope failure types with rock mass types, it is found that rock falls and debris flows are likely to occur in the harder rock masses, landslides are likely to occur in the areas covered by softer rock. Also, this study reveals that the harder the rock, the more stable the slopes. And with the increasing of the slope thickness, the critical acceleration ac which is needed to initialize the slope slipping decreases. This study indicates that the properties of rock masses have strong influences on slope stabilities as well as their failure types. . © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Earthquake Triggered Landslides; Failure Type; Rock Mass Properties; Slope Stabilities; The Wenchuan Earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Granite; Landslides; Lime; Limestone; Rock bursts; Rock mechanics; Slope stability; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Critical acceleration; Earthquake-triggered landslides; Failure types; Hard rock mass; Rock mass properties; Southwest China; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes
REFERENCES: Chen, Xiaoli, Evaluation of factors controlling large earthquake-induced landslides by the Wenchuan earthquake, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 12, 12, pp. 3645-3657, (2012); 
Standard for Engineering Classification of Rock Masses, (1995); 
Guzzetti, Fausto, Landslide hazard evaluation: A review of current techniques and their application in a multi-scale study, Central Italy, Geomorphology, 31, 1-4, pp. 181-216, (1999); 
Jibson, Randall W., A method for producing digital probabilistic seismic landslide hazard maps, Engineering Geology, 58, 3-4, pp. 271-289, (2000); 
Maps Showing Seismic Landslide Hazards in Anchorage Alaska, (2009); 
Keefer, David K., LANDSLIDES CAUSED BY EARTHQUAKES., Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 95, 4, pp. 406-421, (1984); 
Keefer, David K., Statiscal analysis of an earthquake-induced landslide distribution - The 1989 Loma Prieta, California event, Engineering Geology, 58, 3-4, pp. 231-249, (2000); 
Khazai, Bijan, Evaluation of factors controlling earthquake-induced landslides caused by Chi-Chi earthquake and comparison with the Northridge and Loma Prieta events, Engineering Geology, 71, 1-2, pp. 79-95, (2004); 
Li, Xiaojun, Preliminary analysis of strong-motion recordings from the magnitude 8.0 Wenchuan, China, Earthquake of 12 May 2008, Seismological Research Letters, 79, 6, pp. 844-854, (2008); 
Qi, Shengwen, Source characteristics of long runout rock avalanches triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 896-906, (2011)
PUBLISHER: Springer International Publishing
DOCUMENT TYPE: Book chapter
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Hu, X., Luo, G., Lv, J.L., Hu, Y.Y., Liang, J., Fang, L.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Hu, Xiewen (7404709509); Luo, Guofu (57203437220); Lv, J. L. (56909385900); Hu, Y. Y. (56909063700); Liang, Jingxuan (55832404600); Fang, L. (59059838500)
7404709509; 57203437220; 56909385900; 56909063700; 55832404600; 59059838500
Seepage stability and dam-breaking mode of Tangjiashan Barrier dam induced by the Wenchuan earthquake
(2015), pp. 1155 - 1162, Cited 1 times.
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-09057-3_203
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84944576125&doi=10.1007%2F978-3-319-09057-3_203&partnerID=40&md5=2bca484eb6f6de3122cf4f999b6e0c56

ABSTRACT: The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake is one of the major natural disasters in China and caused serious casualties, enormous property losses, and further earthquake-induced geo-hazard. Among them, Tangjiashan barrier dam is the most dangerous potential hazard formed by a large consequent bedding rock landslide to block the Tongkou River in Beichuan County. Based on accurately obtained data of geological structure and relevant permeability parameters of Tangjiashan barrier dam, using the three-dimensional visualization software named Visual Modflow, the seepage field of dam under four conditions of water levels (710, 720, 730 and 740 m) of the dammed lake were simulated. According to the results of simulated calculation, each soil layer's seepage velocity and seepage gradient were calculated, and the analytical results show that the first and the second layers have the characteristics of coarse particles and high permeability, with the overall performance of a stable flow, presenting the characteristics of seepage and stable change of overall gradient, and it will not have turbulent conditions like low-permeability clay, inflexion of seepage gradient and the characteristics of piping between the two layers. The maximum seepage gradient in gravel soil of the first layer is more than allowed gradient in the transition between the first layer and the third layer, so it will cause sporadic or partial seepage destruction on downstream of barrier dam. And simulated results also show that gravel soil of the first layer will experience seepage failure when the water level of dammed lake is more than 726 m. With the uplift of water level, the dam-breaking mode of overall barrier dam is that gravel soil of the first layer will be eroded and washed away by the seepage failure and head erosion, also by the down-cutting caused by overflow. The blocks and gravels of the second layer will be gradually washed away and down-cut because the first layer is washed as well as the water velocity is increased, but overall breaking will not happen. The quasi-lamellar cataclastic rocks of the third layer will remain stable, and the depth of erosion and down-cutting is the top of the third layer. . © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Dam-Breaking; Seepage Field; Seepage Gradients; Tangjiashan Barrier Dam
INDEX KEYWORDS: Dams; Data visualization; Disasters; Earthquakes; Erosion; Gravel; Hazards; Lakes; Slope protection; Soils; Three dimensional computer graphics; Water levels; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Barrier dam; Dam-breaking; Geological structures; Major natural disasters; Seepage fields; Simulated calculation; Three dimensional visualization; Seepage
REFERENCES: Journal of Water Resources and Water Engineering, (2008); 
Fan, Xuanmei, Simulating dam-breach flood scenarios of the Tangjiashan landslide dam induced by the Wenchuan Earthquake, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 12, 10, pp. 3031-3044, (2012); 
Xinjiang Geology, (2004); 
Water Resources Protection, (1999); 
J Nanhua Univ, (2006); 
Hu, Xiewen, Analysis of blocking river mechanism of Tangjiashan landslide and dam-breaking mode of its barrier dam, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 28, 1, pp. 181-189, (2009); 
Lin, Pengzhi, A numerical study of dam-break flow and sediment transport from a quake lake, Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami, 5, 5, pp. 401-428, (2011); 
Electroplating and Finishing, (2009); 
2 D Flash Flood Simulation of the Tangjiashan Landslide Dam Induced by the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake, (2012); 
Investig Sci Technol, (2009)
PUBLISHER: Springer International Publishing
DOCUMENT TYPE: Book chapter
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Jing, Z., Tang, C., Chang, M., Maohua, L., Xun, H.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Jing, Zhu (35096278800); Tang, Chuan (35932953300); Chang, Ming (36727157900); Maohua, Le (56910036700); Xun, Huang (36891708700)
35096278800; 35932953300; 36727157900; 56910036700; 36891708700
Field observations of the disastrous 11 July 2013 debris flows in Qipan gully, Wenchuan area, Southwestern China
(2015), pp. 531 - 535, Cited 15 times.
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-09057-3_88
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84944573926&doi=10.1007%2F978-3-319-09057-3_88&partnerID=40&md5=cdf651c933cf6b5821f24d95800d6b73

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: Debris flows, with their ability to rapidly erode and transport large amounts of materials, have the potential for massive destruction and is one of the most hazardous consequences of strong earthquakes. On July 11, 2013, a catastrophic debris flow was triggered by a rainstorm in Qipan gully, Wenchuan County, southwestern China. The debris flow transported more than one million m3 of sediment to the reconstructed residential area and generated a debris-dam that blocked the Minjiang River. This paper aims to describe the characteristics, rainfall condition, debris flow initiation and run-out. Field investigation and image interpretation indicate that abundant co-seismic landslides triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake hanging on steep slopes in the catchment. The debris flow was triggered by a rainfall with intensity of 6.4 mm/hr and lasted for 3 days, with cumulative antecedent rainfall reaches 110 mm. It is conclude that with high accumulated antecedent rainfall, the triggering rainfall intensity threshold could be lower for the debris flow occurrence. From our field observations, we suggest that the breaching of the landslide dams have played an important role in transporting of huge quantities of sediments to gully outlet and blocking the Minjiang River. . © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris Flow; Landslide Deposits; Subsequent Rainfall; Wenchuan Earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Catchments; Debris; Earthquakes; Landforms; Landslides; Storms; Antecedent rainfall; Debris flow occurrences; Debris flows; Field investigation; Image interpretation; Landslide deposits; Rainfall condition; Wenchuan Earthquake; Rain
REFERENCES: Costa, John E., Physical geomorphology of debris flows., pp. 268-317, (1984); 
Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011); 
Tang, Chuan, Triggering conditions and depositional characteristics of a disastrous debris flow event in Zhouqu city, Gansu Province, northwestern China, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 11, 11, pp. 2903-2912, (2011); 
Tecca, Pia Rosella, Field observations of the June 30, 2001 debris flow at Acquabona (Dolomites, Italy), Landslides, 6, 1, pp. 39-45, (2009); 
J Eng Geol, (2010)
PUBLISHER: Springer International Publishing
DOCUMENT TYPE: Book chapter
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Fan, X., Van Westen, C.J., Tang, C., Xu, Q., Huang, R., Wang, G.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Fan, Xuanmei (12752112800); Van Westen, Cees J. (6701664942); Tang, Chenxiao (55486336700); Xu, Qiang (56506033600); Huang, Runqiu (55835407700); Wang, Gonghui (8532560900)
12752112800; 6701664942; 55486336700; 56506033600; 55835407700; 8532560900
The classification of damming landslides and landslide dams induced by the Wenchuan Earthquake
(2015), pp. 1143 - 1147, Cited 10 times.
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-09057-3_201
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84944566026&doi=10.1007%2F978-3-319-09057-3_201&partnerID=40&md5=0f889eef61cba379194e572e9badd704

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Universiteit Twente, Enschede, Overijssel, Netherlands; Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
ABSTRACT: The devastating 2008 Wenchuan earthquake with a magnitude of Mw 7.9 was the largest seismic event in China in more than 50 years. It triggered numerous landslides over a broad area, some of which dammed rivers, posing severe threats to downstream settlements. The coseismic landslides are classified into rock/debris avalanches, debris flows, rock/debris slides and rock falls. A number of representative examples of each type and the corresponding landslide dam features were studied. According to dam composition material and sedimen-tological features, landslide dams were categorized into three types: dams mainly composed of large boulders and blocks; dams composed of unconsolidated fine debris; and dams with partly intact rock strata at the base topped by large boulders and blocks or soil with rock fragments, showing two-layered or three-layered depositional structure. This classification is linked to the typology of damming landslides and considered to be a preliminary indicator of dam stability. In addition, dam stability also largely depends on valley morphometry as well as landslide runout distance and mechanism. . © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Coseismic Landslides; Landslide Dams; Typology; Wenchuan Earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Dams; Debris; Landslides; Rock bursts; Rocks; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Dam stability; Landslide dam; Rock fragments; Runout distances; Seismic event; Typology; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes
REFERENCES: Costa, John E., FORMATION AND FAILURE OF NATURAL DAMS., Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 100, 7, pp. 1054-1068, (1988); 
Cruden, David M., Landslide types and processes, Special Report - National Research Council, Transportation Research Board, 247, pp. 36-75, (1996); 
Davies, Timothy R.H., Dynamic simulation of the motion of fragmenting rock avalanches, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 39, 4, pp. 789-798, (2002); 
Fan, Xuanmei, Analysis of landslide dams induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 57, pp. 25-37, (2012); 
Fan, Xuanmei, Simulating dam-breach flood scenarios of the Tangjiashan landslide dam induced by the Wenchuan Earthquake, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 12, 10, pp. 3031-3044, (2012); 
Huang, Runqiu, The characteristics and failure mechanism of the largest landslide triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake, May 12, 2008, China, Landslides, 9, 1, pp. 131-142, (2012); 
Wang, Gonghui, Landslide Amplification by Liquefaction of Runout-Path Material after the 2008 Wenchuan (M 8·0) Earthquake, China, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 38, 3, pp. 265-274, (2013)
PUBLISHER: Springer International Publishing
DOCUMENT TYPE: Book chapter
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Havenith, H.-B., Fan, X., Torgoev, A.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Havenith, Hans Balder (6602586631); Fan, Xuanmei (12752112800); Torgoev, Almazbek (13908177700)
6602586631; 12752112800; 13908177700
Hazard and risk related to earthquake-triggered landslides
(2015), pp. 931 - 934, Cited 1 times.
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-09057-3_161
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84944561122&doi=10.1007%2F978-3-319-09057-3_161&partnerID=40&md5=52c1b95921268db951c7f18de8408f0f

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Geology, Université de Liège, Liege, WLG, Belgium; State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: This paper first analyses how important earthquake-induced landslide hazards are compared to other geohazards at world-wide scale. Further, we will outline where these hazards may have the strongest impacts—at regional and local scale. In this regard, we consider the short- and long-term effects of geological, tectonic, climatic and morphological conditions. Hazard and risk related to these processes will also be analysed on the basis of a series of case histories: e.g., the 1920 Haiyuan earthquake-landslide disaster in China. A detailed report will be provided for two events in Central Asia: the earthquakes of Khait in 1949 and Suusamyr in 1992. Focus will also be on the risk related to mega-events such as the Usoy rockslide dam in Tajikistan and giant rockslides in other parts of Central Asia and in the world. One conclusion is that in semi-arid mountain regions marked by a strong seismic activity, such as those in Central Asia and North-western China, seismogenic landslides and related long-term effects may represent the most important geohazards. Further, the susceptibility to seismic slope instability is highest along active fault zones and on convex slopes made of soft or fractured materials. . © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Central Asia; Geohazards; Induced Impacts; Large Landslides; Wenchuan Earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Earthquakes; Hazards; Landslides; Central Asia; Earthquake-induced landslides; Earthquake-triggered landslides; Geo-hazards; Induced Impacts; Long-term effects; Semi-arid mountains; Wenchuan Earthquake; Faulting
REFERENCES: Dadson, Simon J., Earthquake-triggered increase in sediment delivery from an active mountain belt, Geology, 32, 8, pp. 733-736, (2004); 
Landslides in the Thick Loess Terrain of North West China, (2000); 
Geoph Res Abstr, (2007); 
Keefer, David K., Investigating landslides caused by earthquakes - A historical review, Surveys in Geophysics, 23, 6, pp. 473-510, (2002); 
Proceedings of Academy of Sciences of the USSR Geophysics, (1960); 
Nadim, Farrokh, Global landslide and avalanche hotspots, Landslides, 3, 2, pp. 159-173, (2006); 
Disaster Mitigation of Debris Flows Slope Failures and Landslides, (2006); 
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, (1971); 
Usgs Open File Report, (2001); 
Yin, Yueping, Landslide hazards triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China, Landslides, 6, 2, pp. 139-152, (2009)
PUBLISHER: Springer International Publishing
DOCUMENT TYPE: Book chapter
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zhang, Y., Xing, H., Chen, G., Zheng, L.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhang, Yingbin Bin (57214256630); Xing, Hao (56625537900); Chen, Guangqi (55577206900); Zheng, Lu (55273034500)
57214256630; 56625537900; 55577206900; 55273034500
A new movement mechanism of earthquake-induced landslides by considering the trampoline effect of vertical seismic loading
(2015), pp. 753 - 757, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-09057-3_127
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84944556157&doi=10.1007%2F978-3-319-09057-3_127&partnerID=40&md5=ed89f4a43107641dd4f02a71688d6738

AFFILIATIONS: School of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Department of Civil Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Japan; Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: This paper presents a new explanation for large-scale long run-out earthquake-induced landslides by considering the trampoline effect of earthquake loading. Long run-out is one of the major features of the earthquake-induced landslides, especially for those large-scale landslides. Since the long run-out mechanism of earthquake-induced landslides is still not clear, a new run-out model was presented on the basis of the so-called trampoline effect of vertical earthquake loading, and a practical numerical simulation program based on discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA) was developed to clarify movement behaviours of earthquake-induced landslides by incorporating the trampoline effect. This new mechanism was applied to explain some complicated phenomena appeared in large-scale long run-out landslides induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. A typical long run-out landslides induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Donghekou landslide, was analysed in practical numerical simulation. The results show that the presented new long run-out model is reasonable and applicable. . © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: DDA; Landslide; Numerical Simulation; Run-Out; Trampoline Effect
INDEX KEYWORDS: Computer simulation; Digital differential analyzers; Landslides; Numerical models; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Discontinuous deformation analysis; Earthquake loadings; Earthquake-induced landslides; Large-scale landslides; Movement behaviour; Run outs; Trampoline effects; Earthquakes
REFERENCES: Aoi, Shin, Trampoline effect in extreme ground motion, Science, 322, 5902, pp. 727-730, (2008); 
Proc R Soc London Ser A, (1954); 
Chen, Guangqi, Practical applications of DDA to disaster prevention, pp. 15-28, (2013); 
Intech, (2011); 
Dai, Fuchu, Landslide characteristics and slope instability modeling using GIS, Lantau Island, Hong Kong, Geomorphology, 42, 3-4, pp. 213-228, (2002); 
J Geol, (1966); 
Landslides, (1996); 
Yin, Yueping, Landslide hazards triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China, Landslides, 6, 2, pp. 139-152, (2009); 
Earthquake Induced Landslides, (2013); 
New Analysis Methods for Earthquake Induced Landslides Considering Tension Failure and the Trampoline Effect, (2013)
PUBLISHER: Springer International Publishing
DOCUMENT TYPE: Book chapter
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Xiong, J., Ming, S., Shan, L., Chao, P.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Xiong, Junnan (35308196800); Ming, Sun (56740374500); Shan, Liu (56740053800); Chao, Peng (56740227500)
35308196800; 56740374500; 56740053800; 56740227500
The debris flow hazard assessment of wenchuan earthquake-stricken area based on watershed unit
(2015) Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 20 (14), pp. 6025 - 6034, Cited 5 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84938150254&partnerID=40&md5=d71bdbc3daad00527eaa5d5fc493dcda

AFFILIATIONS: School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, SWPU, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Chengdu, Southwest Petroleum University China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Since the "5.12" Wenchuan earthquake in 2008, Massive debris flow led by the heavy rainfalls has broken out each summer, which causes serious damage to people's lives and property. Given the destructiveness of debris flow, it's necessary to carry out hazard assessment and prevention work of debris flow in the Earthquake-stricken areas immediately. This article take where earthquake intensity above 7 degrees in Wenchuan as study area, after analyzing the characteristic of debris flow in Whenchuan, we take small watershed unit which debris flow formation as assessment unit, extracts watershed from GDEM data, and established hazard assessment index system with the energy condition, physical condition, as well as rainfall triggering conditions of the debris flow formation. On this basis, we establish debris flow hazard assessment model use extension matter-element theory, carrying out spatial analysis and valuation of each index factor by GIS, and completes debris flow hazard assessment of each watershed in the study area and marking different zones of the debris flow hazard. The experiment shows that the results in good agreement with actual situation of occurred debris flow, the result can offering scientific basis for government to formulate disaster prevention and mitigation decisions. © 2015 ejge.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flow; GIS; Hazard assessment; Small watershed unit; Wenchuan earthquake-stricken areas
INDEX KEYWORDS: Debris; Disaster prevention; Earthquakes; Geographic information systems; Geophysics; Rain; Watersheds; Debris flow hazards; Debris flows; Disaster prevention and mitigations; Earthquake intensity; Hazard Assessment; Physical conditions; Small watersheds; Wenchuan Earthquake; Hazards; debris flow; earthquake intensity; earthquake magnitude; GIS; hazard assessment; rainfall; Sichuan earthquake 2008; spatial analysis; watershed
REFERENCES: Yu, Bin, Activity tendency of debris flow gully in Wenchuan County after "5.12" Wenchuan earthquake, Journal of Natural Disasters, 20, 6, pp. 68-73, (2011); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2009); 
Analysis Research, (2013); 
Journal of Catastrophology, (2013); 
Wenchuan Earthquake Meizoseismal Area of Potential Sudden Debris Flow S Hazard Zonation and Evaluation Based on 3s Technology D, (2012); 
Parsons, Tom, Stress changes from the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and increased hazard in the Sichuan basin, Nature, 454, 7203, pp. 509-510, (2008); 
Ouimet, William B., Landslides associated with the May 12, 2008 Wenchuan earthquake: Implications for the erosion and tectonic evolution of the Longmen Shan, Tectonophysics, 491, 1-4, pp. 244-252, (2010); 
Huang, Runqiu, Research on development and distribution rules of geohazards induced by Wenchuan earthquake on 12th May, 2008, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 27, 12, pp. 2585-2592, (2008); 
Guzzetti, Fausto, Landslide hazard evaluation: A review of current techniques and their application in a multi-scale study, Central Italy, Geomorphology, 31, 1-4, pp. 181-216, (1999); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2006)
PUBLISHER: E-Journal of Geotechnical Engineering oner@okstate.edu
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Jiang, W.G., Jia, K., Wu, J.-J., Tang, Z.-H., Wang, W.J., Liu, X.F.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Jiang, Weiguo (26644101800); Jia, Kai (56735686600); Wu, Jianjun (57849449800); Tang, Zhenghong (36350395000); Wang, Wenjie (56948645000); Liu, Xiaofu (55844067700)
26644101800; 56735686600; 57849449800; 36350395000; 56948645000; 55844067700
Evaluating the vegetation recovery in the damage area of Wenchuan earthquake using MODIS data
(2015) Remote Sensing, 7 (7), pp. 8757 - 8778, Cited 31 times.
DOI: 10.3390/rs70708757
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84937950699&doi=10.3390%2Frs70708757&partnerID=40&md5=52e609fd1a8ab0c7d2a062013f86026c

AFFILIATIONS: Academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; College of Architecture, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States; Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: The catastrophic 8.0 Richter magnitude earthquake that occurred on 12 May 2008 in Wenchuan, China caused extensive damage to vegetation due to widespread landslides and debris flows. In the past five years, the Chinese government has implemented a series of measures to restore the vegetation in the severely afflicted area. How is the vegetation recovering? It is necessary and important to evaluate the vegetation recovery effect in earthquake-stricken areas. Based on MODIS NDVI data from 2005 to 2013, the vegetation damage area was extracted by the quantified threshold detection method. The vegetation recovery rate after five years following the earthquake was evaluated with respect to counties, altitude, fault zones, earthquake intensity, soil texture and vegetation types, and assessed over time. We have proposed a new method to obtain the threshold with vegetation damage quantitatively, and have concluded that: (1) The threshold with vegetation damage was 13.47%, and 62.09% of the field points were located in the extracted damaged area; (2) The total vegetation damage area was 475,688 ha, which accounts for 14.34% of the study area and was primarily distributed in the central fault zone, the southwest mountainous areas and along rivers in the Midwest region of the study area; (3) Vegetation recovery in the damaged area was better in the northeast regions of the study area, and in the western portion of the Wenchuan-Maoxian fracture; vegetation recovery was better with increasing altitude; there is no obvious relationship between clay content in the topsoil and vegetation recovery; (4) Meadows recovered best and the worst recovery was in mixed coniferous broad-leaved forest; (5) 81,338 ha of vegetation in the damage area is currently undergoing degradation and the main vegetation types in the degradation area are coniferous forest (31.39%) and scrub (34.17%); (6) From 2009 to 2013, 41% has been restored to the level before the earthquake, 9% has not returned but 50% will continue to recover. The Chinese government usually requires five years as a period for post-disaster reconstruction. This paper could be regarded as a guidance for Chinese government departments, whereby additional investment is encouraged for vegetation recovery. © 2015 by the authors.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Earthquake; MODIS; Vegetation damage; Vegetation recovery; Wenchuan
INDEX KEYWORDS: Damage detection; Faulting; Forestry; Geophysics; Radiometers; Recovery; Restoration; Vegetation; Broad-leaved forests; Chinese government departments; Earthquake intensity; MODIS; Post-disaster reconstruction; Vegetation damage; Vegetation recovery; Wenchuan; Earthquakes; Damage; Earth Movement; Plants
REFERENCES: Verbesselt, Jan, Near real-time disturbance detection using satellite image time series, Remote Sensing of Environment, 123, pp. 98-108, (2012); 
Turner, Monica Goigel, Disturbance and landscape dynamics in a changing world, Ecology, 91, 10, pp. 2833-2849, (2010); 
Baumann, Matthias, Landsat remote sensing of forest windfall disturbance, Remote Sensing of Environment, 143, pp. 171-179, (2014); 
Björkman, Leif, The role of human disturbance in late holocene vegetation changes on Kullaberg, Southern Sweden, Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, 10, 4, pp. 201-210, (2001); 
Sturtevant, Brian R., Forest recovery patterns in response to divergent disturbance regimes in the Border Lakes region of Minnesota (USA) and Ontario (Canada), Forest Ecology and Management, 313, pp. 199-211, (2014); 
Wang, Renzhong, Natural occurrence and backwater infection of C4 plants in the vegetation of the Yangtze hydropower Three Gorges Project region, Photosynthetica, 41, 1, pp. 43-48, (2003); 
Liu, Qinping, Assessment of human impacts on vegetation in built-up areas in China based on AVHRR, MODIS and DMSPOLS nighttime light data, 1992-2010, Chinese Geographical Science, 24, 2, pp. 231-244, (2014); 
Cohen, Warren B., Detecting trends in forest disturbance and recovery using yearly Landsat time series: 2. TimeSync - Tools for calibration and validation, Remote Sensing of Environment, 114, 12, pp. 2911-2924, (2010); 
Cao, Ran, Inter-annual variations in vegetation and their response to climatic factors in the upper catchments of the Yellow River from 2000 to 2010, Journal of Geographical Sciences, 24, 6, pp. 963-979, (2014); 
Kokaly, Raymond Floyd, Characterization of post-fire surface cover, soils, and burn severity at the Cerro Grande Fire, New Mexico, using hyperspectral and multispectral remote sensing, Remote Sensing of Environment, 106, 3, pp. 305-325, (2007)
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DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
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Tang, P., Chen, F., Guo, H., Tian, B., Wang, X.-Y., Ishwaran, N.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Tang, Panpan (55485351100); Chen, Fulong (23003497800); Guo, Huadong (56415384100); Tian, Bangseng Sen (34882193500); Wang, Xinyuan (23006384200); Ishwaran, Natarajan (6603003227)
55485351100; 23003497800; 56415384100; 34882193500; 23006384200; 6603003227
Large-area landslides monitoring using advanced multi-temporal InSAR technique over the giant panda habitat, Sichuan, China
(2015) Remote Sensing, 7 (7), pp. 8925 - 8949, Cited 34 times.
DOI: 10.3390/rs70708925
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84937934101&doi=10.3390%2Frs70708925&partnerID=40&md5=eac1a0d1c4f8cb6ee2b8fa84f71cad33

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; International Centre on Space Tech. for Natural and Cultural Heritage under the Auspices of UNESCO, China
ABSTRACT: The region near Dujiangyan City and Wenchuan County, Sichuan China, including significant giant panda habitats, was severely impacted by the Wenchuan earthquake. Largearea landslides occurred and seriously threatened the lives of people and giant pandas. In this paper, we report the development of an enhanced multi-temporal interferometric synthetic aperture radar (MTInSAR) methodology to monitor potential post-seismic landslides by analyzing coherent scatterers (CS) and distributed scatterers (DS) points extracted from multi-temporal L-band ALOS/PALSAR data in an integrated manner. Through the integration of phase optimization and mitigation of the orbit and topography-related phase errors, surface deformations in the study area were derived: the rates in the line of sight (LOS) direction ranged from -7 to 1.5 cm/a. Dozens of potential landslides, distributed mainly along the Minjiang River, Longmenshan Fault, and in other the high-altitude areas were detected. These findings matched the distribution of previous landslides. InSAR-derived results demonstrated that some previous landslides were still active; many unstable slopes have developed, and there are significant probabilities of future massive failures. The impact of landslides on the giant panda habitat, however ranged from low to moderate, would continue to be a concern for conservationists for some time in the future. © 2015 by the authors.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Distributed scatters; Giant panda; Landslide; MTInSAR; PALSAR; Sichuan
INDEX KEYWORDS: Earthquakes; Ecosystems; Landslides; Distributed scatterer; Giant panda; Giant panda habitats; Interferometric synthetic aperture radars; Landslides monitoring; MTInSAR; PALSAR; Sichuan; Synthetic aperture radar
REFERENCES: Cruden, David M., Landslide types and processes, Special Report - National Research Council, Transportation Research Board, 247, pp. 36-75, (1996); 
J Anhui Agric Sci, (2008); 
Cui, Peng, The 12 May Wenchuan earthquake-induced landslide lakes: Distribution and preliminary risk evaluation, Landslides, 6, 3, pp. 209-223, (2009); 
Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011); 
Huang, Runqiu, Post-earthquake landsliding and long-term impacts in the Wenchuan earthquake area, China, Engineering Geology, 182, PB, pp. 111-120, (2014); 
Dai, Fuchu, Landslide risk assessment and management: An overview, Engineering Geology, 64, 1, pp. 65-87, (2002); 
Chen, Fulong, Slope superficial displacement monitoring by small baseline SAR interferometry using data from L-band ALOS PALSAR and X-band TerraSAR: A case study of Hong Kong, China, Remote Sensing, 6, 2, pp. 1564-1586, (2014); 
Geotechnical Instrumentation and Monitoring in Open Pit and Underground Mining, (1993); 
Massonnet, Didier, Radar interferometry and its application to changes in the earth's surface, Reviews of Geophysics, 36, 4, pp. 441-500, (1998); 
Bovenga, Fabio, Multi-temporal DInSAR analysis with X-band high resolution SAR data: Examples and potential, Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, 7829, (2010)
PUBLISHER: MDPI AG membranes@mdpi.com Postfach Basel CH-4005
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
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Chen, W.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Chen, Wenhua (57133356900)
57133356900
Mountain landslide induced by fault soil or sand earthquake liquefaction
(2015) Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 20 (11), pp. 4393 - 4402, Cited 1 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84935449455&partnerID=40&md5=458385c7222694c946cf7dd64f194fd1

AFFILIATIONS: School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Based on the investigation on 2008 Wenchuan earthquake landslide damage, Some kinds of slope slipping induced by earthquake liquefaction occurred in cracks of fault was studied. The status and conditions of liquefied soil layer including faults, the level of underground water , buried-depth, the angle , thickness and scope of liquefied soil layer are studied to evaluate the liquefaction and think of the effect from conditions of surface-ground and landform, and to analysis the movement and deform of soil layer and surface of stratum , the result of slip and debris by liquefaction are forecasted, the law and formulation of slipping-mass are set up , it is described into three parts: flow , slip and movement of mass. some method and progress are suggested to reduce the affairs of slip and debris. © 2015 ejge.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Fault soil earthquake liquefaction; Mountain landslide; Type disasters condition of landform
INDEX KEYWORDS: Debris; Earthquakes; Faulting; Groundwater; Landforms; Landslides; Soils; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Buried depth; Liquefied soils; Soil layer; Surface ground; Soil liquefaction; earthquake mechanism; fault slip; landslide; liquefaction; mountain region; Sichuan earthquake 2008; slope dynamics; trigger mechanism; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Journal of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, (2008); 
Journal of Natural Disasters, (2001); 
Seismological Press, (1995); 
Seismological Press, (1995); 
undefined; 
Journal of Natural Disasters, (1999)
PUBLISHER: E-Journal of Geotechnical Engineering oner@okstate.edu
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zhang, H., Wang, X., Fan, J., Chi, T., Yang, S., Peng, L.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhang, Huaizhen (56201160600); Wang, Xiaomeng (57206604450); Fan, Jianrong (8727506000); Chi, Titanhe (7005693588); Yang, Shun (56701209900); Peng, Ling (56506111400)
56201160600; 57206604450; 8727506000; 7005693588; 56701209900; 56506111400
Monitoring earthquake-damaged vegetation after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in the mountainous river basins, Dujiangyan County
(2015) Remote Sensing, 7 (6), pp. 6808 - 6827, Cited 12 times.
DOI: 10.3390/rs70606808
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84933575460&doi=10.3390%2Frs70606808&partnerID=40&md5=fa0fccdb75637e4036850f34e4e0e549

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Technical Center for Geological Hazard Prevention and Control, Chinese Geological Survey, Baoding, China
ABSTRACT: The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake destroyed large areas of vegetation in the Baisha River and Longxi River basins, in Dujiangyan County, China. There were several debris flow events in these mountainous river basins after 2008. Currently, these damaged vegetation areas are in various stages of recovery. This recovery vegetation improves the resistance of slopes to both surficial erosion and mass wasting. We introduce a probabilistic approach to determining the relationships between damaged vegetation and slope materials' stability, and model the sediment and flow (hydrological) connectivity index to detect the hydrological changes in a given river basin, using the multi-temporal (1994-2014) remote-sensing images to monitor the vegetation recovery processes. Our results demonstrated that the earthquake-damaged vegetation areas have coupling relationships with topographic environment and slope material properties, and can be used to assess the slope material stability. Further, our analysis results showed that the areas with horizontal distance to river streams < 500 m are areas that actively contribute sediment to the stream channel network, and are main material sources for debris flow processes in one given mountainous basin. © 2015 by the authors.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Earthquake; Hydrological connectivity; Remote sensing; Vegetation recovery
INDEX KEYWORDS: Debris; Image reconstruction; Recovery; Remote sensing; Rivers; Slope stability; Vegetation; Watersheds; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Connectivity indices; Coupling relationships; Hydrological changes; Hydrological connectivity; Probabilistic approaches; Remote sensing images; Vegetation recovery; Earthquakes
REFERENCES: Huang, Runqiu, Development and distribution of geohazards triggered by the 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake in China, Science in China, Series E: Technological Sciences, 52, 4, pp. 810-819, (2009); 
Cui, Peng, The Wenchuan Earthquake (May 12, 2008), Sichuan Province, China, and resulting geohazards, Natural Hazards, 56, 1, pp. 19-36, (2011); 
Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011); 
Qi, Shengwen, Spatial distribution analysis of landslides triggered by 2008.5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake, China, Engineering Geology, 116, 1-2, pp. 95-108, (2010); 
Xu, Chong, Three (nearly) complete inventories of landslides triggered by the May 12, 2008 Wenchuan Mw 7.9 earthquake of China and their spatial distribution statistical analysis, Landslides, 11, 3, pp. 441-461, (2014); 
Cui, Peng, Destruction of vegetation due to geo-hazards and its environmental impacts in the Wenchuan earthquake areas, Ecological Engineering, 44, pp. 61-69, (2012); 
Tang, Chuan, Landslides induced by the Wenchuan earthquake and the subsequent strong rainfall event: A case study in the Beichuan area of China, Engineering Geology, 122, 1-2, pp. 22-33, (2011); 
Zhang, Shuai, Characteristics of earthquake- and rain-induced landslides near the epicenter of Wenchuan earthquake, Engineering Geology, 175, pp. 58-73, (2014); 
Wu, Zhenhan, Effects from the Wenchuan Earthquake and seismic hazard in the Longmenshan Mountains at the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, Engineering Geology, 143-144, pp. 28-36, (2012); 
Liu, Guoxiang, Surface deformation associated with the 2008 Ms8.0 Wenchuan earthquake from ALOS L-band SAR interferometry, International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 12, 6, pp. 496-505, (2010)
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DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
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Zhang, S., Zhang, L.M.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhang, Shuai (55092670700); Zhang, Limin Min (58883008100)
55092670700; 58883008100
Assessment of human risks posed by deadly debris flow in the wenchuan earthquake area
(2015) International Journal of GEOMATE, 8 (1), pp. 1207 - 1211, Cited 5 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84930245031&partnerID=40&md5=a69efb407a2979b7047c728c8857a87f

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
ABSTRACT: Prolonged rainstorms had triggered several large-scale debris flows along Provincial Road 303 near the epicenter of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. A lot of concrete-aggregate plants distributed along this road were buried by the runout debris, leading to a large number of fatalities. A Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) methodology is being developed for debris flows induced by various rainfall scenarios. QRA for these debris flow hazards is of significance to determine the probability distribution, consequence and human risk profile arising from these disasters. With the aid of Geographic Information System (GIS) platform, a potential channelized debris flow catchment in the study area is identified based on remote sensing images and field study. Rainfall intensity-duration thresholds for the local channelized debris flows are used to determine the occurrence probability under six rainfall scenarios for the purpose of hazard analysis. Subsequently, human losses of debris flow are assessed by considering the variations of rainfall events, and the final human risks can be obtained using a general risk model. Finally, the societal human risks are obtained, which provide a benchmark for studying the long-term human risks of these potential debris flows and engineering decision in the perspective of mining manufacture. © 2015, International Journal of GEOMATE.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flow; Human risk; Quantitative assessment
REFERENCES: Chen, Hongxin, Mechanisms and runout characteristics of the rainfall-triggered debris flow in Xiaojiagou in Sichuan Province, China, Natural Hazards, 62, 3, pp. 1037-1057, (2012); 
Finlay, P. J., Landslide risk assessment: Prediction of travel distance, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 36, 3, pp. 556-562, (1999); 
Landslides and Boulder Falls from Natural Terrain Interim Risk Guidelines, (1998); 
Debris Flow Hazards and Related Phenomena, (2005); 
China Debris Flow Studies, (2004); 
Journal of Natural Disaster Science, (1981); 
Tang, Chuan, Landslide hazard assessment of the 2008 wenchuan earthquake: A case study in Beichuan area, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 48, 1, pp. 128-145, (2011); 
Landslide Risk Assessment, (1997); 
Xu, Chong, Three (nearly) complete inventories of landslides triggered by the May 12, 2008 Wenchuan Mw 7.9 earthquake of China and their spatial distribution statistical analysis, Landslides, 11, 3, pp. 441-461, (2014); 
Zhang, Shuai, Assessment of risks of loose landslide deposits formed by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 12, 5, pp. 1381-1392, (2012)
PUBLISHER: GEOMATE International Society geomate@gi-j.com
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zhang, H., Chi, T., Fan, J., Hu, K., Peng, L.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhang, Huaizhen (56201160600); Chi, Titanhe (7005693588); Fan, Jianrong (8727506000); Hu, Kaiheng (55648903800); Peng, Ling (56506111400)
56201160600; 7005693588; 8727506000; 55648903800; 56506111400
Spatial analysis of Wenchuan Earthquake-damaged vegetation in the mountainous basins and its applications
(2015) Remote Sensing, 7 (5), pp. 5785 - 5804, Cited 20 times.
DOI: 10.3390/rs70505785
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84930024722&doi=10.3390%2Frs70505785&partnerID=40&md5=c6ca26742999d1e1dbabc9e09cc24f0d

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: The 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake induced landslides that destroyed large swaths of mountain vegetation. Presently, the damaged vegetation areas are exhibiting various stages of recovery depending on environments. A spatial analysis of earthquake-damaged and recovered vegetation can provide useful information for understanding landslide processes. The mountainous watersheds of the Minjiang River Upstream, near Yinxiu Town (one of the highest seismic intensity zones during the Wenchuan earthquake) were selected. A DSAL (digital elevation model (DEM), slope, aspect and lithology) spatial zonation method was established to detect natural features of the vegetation survival environments, and damaged and recovered vegetation areas were extracted using the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) changes form multi-temporal (2001-2014) Landsat Thematic Mapper/Enhanced Thematic Mapper/Operational Land Imager (TM/ETM/OLI) images. Statistical results show that the vegetation growth was mainly controlled by its survival environments, and vegetation has coupling relations with slope stability. Then, the slope stability model was developed through multivariate analysis of earthquake-damaged vegetation and its controlling factors (i.e., topographic environments and material properties). Application to the Mianyuan River and Subao River basins validated the proposed model, showing that monitoring the vegetation (using the remote sensing images) can be used to assess the slope stability, and model results show what vegetative conditions with its survival environments are susceptible to landslide processes, although the predicted values may be higher than the actual values in the most mountainous basins. Our modeling approach may also be valuable for use in other regions prone to landslide hazards. © 2015 by the authors.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Landslides; Remote sensing; Vegetation; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Image processing; Image reconstruction; Landslides; Lithology; Multivariant analysis; Recovery; Remote sensing; Rivers; Slope protection; Slope stability; Spatial variables measurement; Surveying; Vegetation; Watersheds; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Digital elevation model; Landsat Thematic Mapper; Multi variate analysis; Normalized difference vegetation index; Remote sensing images; Survival environment; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes
REFERENCES: Huang, Runqiu, Development and distribution of geohazards triggered by the 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake in China, Science in China, Series E: Technological Sciences, 52, 4, pp. 810-819, (2009); 
Xu, Chong, Three (nearly) complete inventories of landslides triggered by the May 12, 2008 Wenchuan Mw 7.9 earthquake of China and their spatial distribution statistical analysis, Landslides, 11, 3, pp. 441-461, (2014); 
Qi, Shengwen, Spatial distribution analysis of landslides triggered by 2008.5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake, China, Engineering Geology, 116, 1-2, pp. 95-108, (2010); 
Cui, Peng, The Wenchuan Earthquake (May 12, 2008), Sichuan Province, China, and resulting geohazards, Natural Hazards, 56, 1, pp. 19-36, (2011); 
Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011); 
Xu, Chong, Preparation of earthquake-triggered landslide inventory maps using remote sensing and GIS technologies: Principles and case studies, Geoscience Frontiers, 6, 6, pp. 825-836, (2015); 
Xu, Chong, GIS-based support vector machine modeling of earthquake-triggered landslide susceptibility in the Jianjiang River watershed, China, Geomorphology, 145-146, pp. 70-80, (2012); 
Xu, Chong, Application of an incomplete landslide inventory, logistic regression model and its validation for landslide susceptibility mapping related to the May 12, 2008 Wenchuan earthquake of China, Natural Hazards, 68, 2, pp. 883-900, (2013); 
Xu, Chong, GIS-based bivariate statistical modelling for earthquake-triggered landslides susceptibility mapping related to the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology, 46, 2, pp. 221-236, (2013); 
Cui, Peng, Destruction of vegetation due to geo-hazards and its environmental impacts in the Wenchuan earthquake areas, Ecological Engineering, 44, pp. 61-69, (2012)
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Zou, Y.-H.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zou, Yuhua (42162487000)
42162487000
Design of openings of slot-check dams for controlling debris flows
(2015) Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 20 (9), pp. 3743 - 3750, Cited 0 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84929119367&partnerID=40&md5=493b70c5c3d9c8b600db9511493bff01

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Slot-check dam is a most commonly used open check dam for controlling debris flow especially in the debris flow affected areas induced by 12th May 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake. The opening size of slots in the check dam, which directly affect debris flow transport function, is an essential factor in the dam design for practical debris flow mitigating. This paper aims to establish design criteria for the opening size of the slot dam based on experimental results. A series of flume tests using of slot dams with different opening size of slots have been conducted on different kinds of debris flows, including stony, transitional and viscous debris flow. The results suggest that the viscosity of debris flow has a significant impact on the controlling function of the slot-check dam. The integrity of the viscous debris flow maintains well compared to the stony debris flow when it passing through the slot dam. A new design critiera for slot dam opening is proposed in which the ratios of the opening size to the representive grain size D<inf>90</inf> and the bulk density γ of debris flow are considered. © 2015 ejge.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flow; Design critera; Opening size; Slot-check dam; Viscosity
INDEX KEYWORDS: Dams; Debris; Earthquakes; Viscosity; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Affected area; Check dam; Debris flows; Design criteria; Open-check dams; Opening sizes; Viscous debris flows; Design; dam; debris flow; design; dynamic response; earthquake damage; grain size; Sichuan earthquake 2008; viscosity
REFERENCES: Armanini, Aronne, RATIONAL CRITERION FOR DESIGNING OPENING OF SLIT-CHECK DAM, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 127, 2, pp. 94-104, (2001); 
Catella, Michele, Case study: Efficiency of slit-check dams in the mountain region of Versilia Basin, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 131, 3, pp. 145-152, (2005); 
Fiebiger, Gernot, Structures of debris flow countermeasures, International Conference on Debris-Flow Hazards Mitigation: Mechanics, Prediction, and Assessment, Proceedings, pp. 596-605, (1997); 
Fundamental Study on Intercepting Sediment Capability of Silt Dam in Preventing Debris Flow Phd Thesis, (2007); 
Res Soil Water Conserv, (2004); 
Research of Soil and Water Conservation, (2005); 
Han, Wenbing, Efficiency of slit dam prevention against non-viscous debris flow, Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences, 11, 4, pp. 865-869, (2006); 
2nd International Conference on Debris Flow Hazards Mitigation, (2000); 
Debris Flow Hazards and Related Phenomena, (2005); 
Journal of the Japan Erosion Control Engineering Society, (1980)
PUBLISHER: E-Journal of Geotechnical Engineering oner@okstate.edu
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zou, Y.-H., Gao, Q.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zou, Yuhua (42162487000); Gao, Quan (56623778000)
42162487000; 56623778000
Potential initiation of debris flow after an earthquake
(2015) Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 20 (9), pp. 3751 - 3760, Cited 0 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84928975832&partnerID=40&md5=59f51f26261780dcc986c0640f9df35a

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
ABSTRACT: The potential initiation of debris flow after outbreak of an earthquake is widely concerned by the society. This paper aims at investigating on initiation of loose gravelly clay deposit after earthquake using seepage and general limit equilibrium coupled method. The study area is the source area of debris flow in Weijia River basin, Wenchuan, Southwestern China where series of debris flows occurred after the May 12th 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake. A simplified model of gravelly clay slope under different consolidate durations and rainfall intensities was simulated using finite element method. The pore water pressure distributions in the slope at different consolidate durations were obtained by seepage analysis. And the stability of the slopes with different consolidate durations under different rainfall intensities were analyzed. The results show that the consolidation of gravelly clay deposit after an earthquake has a considerable influence on the shear strength index and the permeability coefficient of the loose deposit at earthquake area. The pore water pressures and hydraulic gradient at outflow point of the slope toe increase with the increase in the consolidate duration of the slope soil. The minimum factor of safety or the stability of gravelly clay slope decreases with the increase in the consolidate duration of loose deposit soil within the tested three years which suggest that the consolidation and changes in permeability and strength of loose deposit soil increases the potential of initiation of debris flow in the earthquake affected area during the period. © 2015 ejge.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flow; Initiation; Minimum factor of safety; Pore water pressure; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Clay deposits; Debris; Deposits; Finite element method; Pore pressure; Pressure distribution; Rain; Safety factor; Seepage; Slope stability; Soils; Water; Earthquakes; Geophysics; Debris flows; Initiation; Minimum factor of safeties; Pore-water pressures; Wenchuan Earthquake; consolidation; debris flow; earthquake mechanism; finite element method; outflow; permeability; porewater; Sichuan earthquake 2008; clay soil; earthquake damage; pressure; safety; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Ali, Abid, Simplified quantitative risk assessment of rainfall-induced landslides modelled by infinite slopes, Engineering Geology, 179, pp. 102-116, (2014); 
Anderson, Scott A., Analysis of rainfall-induced debris flows, Journal of Geotechcnical Engineering, 121, 7, pp. 544-552, (1995); 
Arbellay, Estelle, Dendrogeomorphic reconstruction of past debris-flow activity using injured broad-leaved trees, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 35, 4, pp. 399-406, (2010); 
Crosta, Giovanni Battista, Observations and modelling of soil slip-debris flow initiation processes in pyroclastic deposits: The Sarno 1998 event, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 3, 1-2, pp. 53-69, (2003); 
Cui, Peng, The Wenchuan Earthquake (May 12, 2008), Sichuan Province, China, and resulting geohazards, Natural Hazards, 56, 1, pp. 19-36, (2011); 
Davies, Owen C., Investigation of a pore pressure driven slope failure using a coupled hydro-mechanical model, Engineering Geology, 178, pp. 70-81, (2014); 
Fox, Garey A., Bank undercutting and tension failure by groundwater seepage: Predicting failure mechanisms, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 39, 6, pp. 758-765, (2014); 
Fredlund, Delwyin G., COMPARISON OF SLOPE STABILITY METHODS OF ANALYSIS., Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 14, 3, pp. 429-439, (1977); 
Dissertation, (2011); 
Gasmo, J. M., Infiltration effects on stability of a residual soil slope, Computers and Geotechnics, 26, 2, pp. 145-165, (2000)
PUBLISHER: E-Journal of Geotechnical Engineering oner@okstate.edu
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Qiu, Y., Yao, L., Yuan, Q.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Qiu, Yanling (55497497900); Yao, Lingkan (7201688064); Yuan, Quan (55905398400)
55497497900; 7201688064; 55905398400
Characteristics of seismic hazard in a V-shaped valley and hazard mitigation methods
(2015) Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 20 (5), pp. 1897 - 1907, Cited 0 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84928969798&partnerID=40&md5=a4991864b0821cdc281c0f46d8622ad3

AFFILIATIONS: School of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Sichuan Provincial Transport Department, Xingshu Company, China
ABSTRACT: The distribution of hazards triggered by strong earthquakes showed great differences with traditional experience that gained from normal condition or moderate earthquake. This paper describes the differences and discusses the effect on road in V-shaped valley. The distribution map of slope failures triggered by Lushan earthquake along roads is worked out by detailed investigation. Abnormal areas of seismic hazards are marked in the map. Then, co-seismic hazards and post-seismic hazards are described along Yingxiu-Wolong section of S303 road in Wenchuan earthquake. Hard rock V-shaped valleys are abnormal areas in strong earthquakes, where the geological hazards can be extreme large. Rock avalanche is the major type of co-seismic hazard, and debris flows are prone to occur and the most harmful post-seismic hazards. For new built road, the line elevation is preferred to as high as possible, if the economy and technique are acceptable. For strong earthquake-stricken area, makeshift roads are adopted in damage trunk roads to ensure the traffic. Reconstruction of formal roads shall not be started until the end of the active period. The line elevation with enough height shall be adopted to against post-seismic debris flow hazard. © 2015 ejge.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Co-seismic hazards; Post-seismic hazards; Route scheme; V-shaped valley
INDEX KEYWORDS: Debris; Hazards; Landforms; Roads and streets; Seismic response; Seismology; Transportation; Debris flow hazards; Distribution maps; Geological hazards; Hazard mitigations; Route schemes; Seismic hazards; Strong earthquakes; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes; coseismic process; earthquake trigger; hazard management; Lushan earthquake 2013; rock avalanche; seismic hazard; Sichuan earthquake 2008; slope failure; strong motion; valley
REFERENCES: Engineering Geology, (2007); 
Formation Mechanism and Risk Control in Wenchuan Earthquake of Mountain Disaster, (2011); 
Cui, Peng, The Wenchuan Earthquake (May 12, 2008), Sichuan Province, China, and resulting geohazards, Natural Hazards, 56, 1, pp. 19-36, (2011); 
Di, Baofeng, Quantifying the spatial distribution of soil mass wasting processes after the 2008 earthquake in Wenchuan, China. A case study of the Longmenshan area, Remote Sensing of Environment, 114, 4, pp. 761-771, (2010); 
Frazier, Amy E., Evaluating post-disaster ecosystem resilience using MODIS GPP data, International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 21, 1, pp. 43-52, (2012); 
International Conference in Commemoration of the 10th Anniversary of the 1999 Chi Chi Earthquake, (2009); 
Proceedings of Railway Location and Overall Design in Complex Mountainous Area, (2010); 
Hua, Anzeng, Rock failure due to energy release during unloading and application to underground rock burst control, Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 16, 3, pp. 241-246, (2001); 
Konietzky, Heinz, Numerical modelling of in situ stress conditions as an aid in route selection for rail tunnels in complex geological formations in South Germany, Computers and Geotechnics, 28, 6-7, pp. 495-516, (2001); 
Lin, Chao Yuan, Vegetation recovery assessment at the Jou-Jou Mountain landslide area caused by the 921 Earthquake in Central Taiwan, Ecological Modelling, 176, 1-2, pp. 75-81, (2004)
PUBLISHER: E-Journal of Geotechnical Engineering oner@okstate.edu
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Li, B., Ran, J., Yue, B., Zhang, M., Wu, Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Li, Bo (57195244409); Ran, Jianghong (7005106875); Yue, Bisong (8630154900); Zhang, Man (55552780900); Wu, Yongjie (55797309700)
57195244409; 7005106875; 8630154900; 55552780900; 55797309700
Non-volant small mammals in landslides caused by the wenchuan earthquake in a fragmented forest of Sichuan, China
(2015) Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 47 (2), pp. 535 - 544, Cited 6 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84927562794&partnerID=40&md5=6e4196defbc9480ad06a7d5aa6508f3f

AFFILIATIONS: Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Landslides caused by the magnitude 8.0 Wenchuan Earthquakes had brought extensive habitat changes in the montane region. Until now, little is known about the non-volant small mammals in landslide disturbed areas. In this study, we compared the non-volant small mammal communities between seismic landslides and undisturbed areas in a broadleaved deciduous forest in the Longxi-Hongkou National Nature Reserve, Sichuan, China. Our goals were to understand the response of non-volant small mammal communities to landslide disturbance, and to explore the effect of vegetation recovery and source populations of non-volant small mammals on the recovery process of small mammal communities in landslides. Pitfall traps were set to capture non-volant small mammals in landslides and control sites from April 2010 to January 2014. Vegetation covers were visually estimated along with each small mammal trapping period. Our results showed that the relative abundance of non-volant small mammal communities in landslides were significantly lower than these in control sites. Shannon-Weiner diversity indices were higher in landslides. The relative abundance and species richness of non-volant small mammal communities in landslides were positively significantly correlated with non-volant small mammal communities in control sites, as well as the herb covers in landslides (P<0.05). We concluded that non-volant small mammals could recolonize in landslides soon after seismic landslides, but the communities were highly variable and still need more time to recover. The recovery of herb layer in landslides and source populations in undisturbed areas played important roles in promoting the recovery of non-volant small mammal communities in landslides. © © 2015 Zoological Society of Pakistan.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Disturbance; Landslide; Non-volant small mammal; Vegetation recovery; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: earthquake magnitude; habitat fragmentation; herb; montane forest; relative abundance; Sichuan earthquake 2008; small mammal; China; Longxi-Hongkou Nature Reserve; Sichuan; Mammalia
REFERENCES: Blois, Jessica L., Small mammal diversity loss in response to late-Pleistocene climatic change, Nature, 465, 7299, pp. 771-774, (2010); 
Carey, Andrew B., Small mammals in managed, naturally young, and old-growth forests, Ecological Applications, 5, 2, pp. 336-352, (1995); 
Acta Ecologica Sinica, (2000); 
Converse, Sarah J., Small mammal population and habitat responses to forest thinning and prescribed fire, Forest Ecology and Management, 228, 1-3, pp. 263-273, (2006); 
Dale, Virginia H., Challenges in the development and use of ecological indicators, Ecological Indicators, 1, 1, pp. 3-10, (2001); 
Fisher, Jason T., The response of mammals to forest fire and timber harvest in the North American boreal forest, Mammal Review, 35, 1, pp. 51-81, (2005); 
Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, (1980); 
Grönroos, Mira, Species richness at the guild level: Effects of species pool and local environmental conditions on stream macroinvertebrate communities, Journal of Animal Ecology, 81, 3, pp. 679-691, (2012); 
Hopkins, Mariah E., Mantled Howler (Alouatta palliata) Arboreal Pathway Networks: Relative Impacts of Resource Availability and Forest Structure, International Journal of Primatology, 32, 1, pp. 238-258, (2011); 
Hurst, Zachary M., Linking changes in small mammal communities to ecosystem functions in an agricultural landscape, Mammalian Biology, 79, 1, pp. 17-23, (2014)
PUBLISHER: University of Punjab (new Campus) Quaid-i-Azam Campus Lahore 54590
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zhang, J., Li, X.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhang, Jiangwei (56532155900); Li, Xiaojun (55818809900)
56532155900; 55818809900
A review on the stability analysis methods of slope under seismic loading
(2015) Acta Seismologica Sinica, 37 (1), pp. 180 - 191, Cited 1 times.
DOI: 10.11939/jass.2015.01.016
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84923776370&doi=10.11939%2Fjass.2015.01.016&partnerID=40&md5=b7b0faab31b76e39d30f95f68fec8abe

AFFILIATIONS: China Earthquake Administration, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Landslides caused by earthquake have become a serious disaster phenomenon of earthquake-induced, such as the landslides caused by 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. In this paper, the research status quo and property of slope stability analysis under seismic loading are analyzed and summarized. The stability analysis methods of slope in general can be divided into two categories, qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis. From the aspects of engineering geological analysis and disaster investigation, statistical analysis of disasters and seismic intensity and ground motion parameters, theoretical analysis of simplified model, numerical analysis and model test analysis, etc., the paper introduces the development of corresponding theories and methods of slope stability analysis, analyzes the properties and adaptability of the corresponding theories and methods, and further puts forward the existing problems and development trend of the research. ©, 2015, Acta Seismologica Sinica Press. All right reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Earthquake; Qualitative analysis; Quantitative analysis; Slope stability
INDEX KEYWORDS: earthquake engineering; earthquake intensity; ground motion; landslide; loading; qualitative analysis; quantitative analysis; Sichuan earthquake 2008; slope dynamics; slope stability; stability analysis
REFERENCES: Seismic response and dynamic stability analysis of soil slopes, 21, 2, pp. 116-120; 
Deng, Dongping, Based on a new method of searching for sliding surface pseudo-static stability analysis of slope under earthquake, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 31, 1, pp. 86-98, (2012); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2000); 
He, Liu, Dynamic responses of three-dimensional entity slope under earthquake, Xinan Jiaotong Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University, 48, 1, pp. 55-61, (2013); 
Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, (1998); 
Hong, Haichun, Review on the stability of rock slopes under seismic loading, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 24, SUPPL., pp. 4827-4836, (2005); 
Design and Application Technology on Earthquake Simulation Vibrating Table, (2008); 
Huang, Runqiu, Geodynamical process and stability control of high rock slope development, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 27, 8, pp. 1525-1544, (2008); 
Huang, Runqiu, Research on development and distribution rules of geohazards induced by Wenchuan earthquake on 12th May, 2008, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 27, 12, pp. 2585-2592, (2008); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2011)
PUBLISHER: Acta Seismologica Sinica Press dzxb79@126.com
DOCUMENT TYPE: Review
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Ran, Q.-H., Qian, Q., Li, W., Fu, X.-D., Yu, X., Xu, Y.-P.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Ran, Qihua (24721669700); Qian, Qun (49861924200); Li, Wei (56004235400); Fu, Xudong (7402205186); Yu, Xiao (56454554800); Xu, Yueping (23111648500)
24721669700; 49861924200; 56004235400; 7402205186; 56454554800; 23111648500
Impact of earthquake-induced-landslides on hydrologic response of a steep mountainous catchment: a case study of the Wenchuan earthquake zone
(2015) Journal of Zhejiang University: Science A, 16 (2), pp. 131 - 142, Cited 14 times.
DOI: 10.1631/jzus.A1400039
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84922757831&doi=10.1631%2Fjzus.A1400039&partnerID=40&md5=d0cf94a8b6efff69e1cc11f12f868b85

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Hydrology and Water Resources, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, Hubei Province, Yunnan, China
ABSTRACT: Earthquake-induced-landslides will change the underlying surface conditions (topography, vegetation cover rate, etc.), which consequently may influence the hydrologic response and then change the flash flood risk. The Jianpinggou catchment, located in the Wenchuan earthquake (occurred in Sichuan, China, 2008) affected area, is selected as the study area. The distribution of the landslides is obtained from the remote sensing image data. The changes of topography are obtained from the comparisons among digital elevation models (DEMs) during different periods. A physical-based model, the integrated hydrology model (InHM), is used to simulate the hydrologic response before and after the landslide. The influence of the underlying surface conditions is then discussed based on the simulation results. The results reveal that landslides cause significant effects on the hydrologic response, and the impact is proportional to the proportion of surface flow in the total runoff. The effect of landslides on the runoff is insignificant at the outlet, but obvious in the local area. The larger the rainfall, the more visible the impact, and the impact of landslides will increase rapidly at the threshold of the runoff (the total rainfall of 235 mm in 6 h in the study area), but there is a limit with the further enlarged rainfall. The improved understanding of the impact of landslides on the hydrologic response provides valuable theoretical support for storm flood forecasting. © 2015, Zhejiang University and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Earthquake; Hydrologic response; Landslide; Numerical simulation; Underlying surface conditions
INDEX KEYWORDS: Catchments; Computer simulation; Earthquakes; Flood control; Image reconstruction; Landslides; Rain; Remote sensing; Runoff; Surface topography; Weather forecasting; Digital elevation model; Earthquake-induced landslides; Hydrologic response; Integrated hydrology models; Physical based modeling; Remote sensing images; Underlying surface; Wenchuan Earthquake; Floods
REFERENCES: Bari, Mohammed Abdul, Understanding changes in annual runoff following land use changes: A systematic data-based approach, Hydrological Processes, 19, 13, pp. 2463-2479, (2005); 
BeVille, Susan H., Using simulated hydrologic response to revisit the 1973 Lerida Court landslide, Environmental Earth Sciences, 61, 6, pp. 1249-1257, (2010); 
Campana, Néstor A., Predicting floods from urban development scenarios: Case study of the Dilúvio Basin, Porto Alegre, Brazil, Urban Water, 3, 1-2, pp. 113-124, (2001); 
Chen, Jinnchyi, Variability of impact of earthquake on debris-flow triggering conditions: Case study of Chen-Yu-Lan watershed, Taiwan, Environmental Earth Sciences, 64, 7, pp. 1787-1794, (2011); 
Soil and Water Conservation in China, (2011); 
Cui, Peng, Characteristics and countermeasures of debris flow in Wenchuan area after the earthquake, Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 42, 5, pp. 10-19, (2010); 
Formation Mechanisms and Risk Assessment of Geological Hazards Trig Gered by the Wenchuan Earthquake, (2011); 
Dunne, Thomas, Effects of Rainfall, Vegetation, and Microtopography on Infiltration and Runoff, Water Resources Research, 27, 9, pp. 2271-2285, (1991); 
Ebel, Brian A., Physics-based continuous simulation of long-term near-surface hydrologic response for the Coos Bay experimental catchment, Water Resources Research, 44, 7, (2008); 
Ebel, Brian A., The impacts of hysteresis on variably saturated hydrologic response and slope failure, Environmental Earth Sciences, 61, 6, pp. 1215-1225, (2010)
PUBLISHER: Zhejiang University
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; BRONZE OPEN ACCESS

Chen, S.-S.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Chen, Shengshui (8630631000)
8630631000
Experimental techniques for earth and rockfill dams and their applications
(2015) Yantu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 37 (1), Cited 23 times.
DOI: 10.11779/CJGE201501001
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84921989734&doi=10.11779%2FCJGE201501001&partnerID=40&md5=3591d7d7ab9e5a3f247f1c57eb51b722

AFFILIATIONS: Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Earth-Rock Dam Failure Mechanism and Safety Control Techniques, Ministry of Water Resources, P.R. China, Beijing, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: The multifunctional large-scale triaxial experimental system invented by the author and his research team in Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute (NHRI) is the earliest one in China. It can dynamically capture the volumetric strain during cyclic loadings. Using this system, rockfill materials in more than 70 worldwide earth-rock dams are tested, and a fruitful database is established. On this basis, the particle breakage during static and dynamic loadings as well as the influencing factors, the nonlinear variation of the strength and dilatancy indexes, the evolution of residual strains during dynamic loadings, the creep behaviors of rockfill materials and the liquefaction properties of sand-gravel materials are extensively explored. For the investigation of dynamic responses of high earth-rock dams, experimental techniques for centrifugal shaking table tests and the corresponding method for result interpretation are proposed and successfully applied in studying the failure mechanism of earth-core rockfill dams (ECRD) and concrete face rockfill dams (CFRD), and in verifying the effectiveness of reinforcement measures. The acceleration response and the residual deformation as well as the earthquake failure mechanism of earth-rock dams obtained by centrifugal shaking table tests are found in good agreement with the in-situ observations from Zipingpu CFRD and Bikou ECRD after great Wenchuan Earthquake. The use of a centrifuge effectively solves the problem that the stress within a conventional (ground) shaking table differs too much from that within the prototype, and the proposed experimental and analytical method makes the conditions that the stresses within the model and the prototype are approximately the same unnecessary. Therefore, the centrifugal shaking table can be used to investigate the behaviors of vast masses like high earth-rock dams in spite of the limitation of capacities of the involved equipments. For the breaching mechanism of earth-rock dams, experimental techniques and corresponding analysis method are established. A flow discharge control equipment is devised for the centrifugal model test system so as to maintain a stable transition between the normal and high gravity fields for water flows. Meanwhile, a specific model container for dam breaching experiments that integrates the measurement system with the model arrangement system organically is fabricated, and such an arrangement effectively eliminates the deficiency of using pipeline flowmeters outside the model container under large variation of debris flow discharge. Therefore, an accurate measurement of flood discharge in the whole breaching process is attained by utilizing this measurement system. The above achievements and their engineering applications provide a technological support for improving the level of both the disaster consequence assessment and the safety control of earth-rock dams. ©, 2014, Yantu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering. All right reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Analytical method; Engineering application; Experimental techniques; Failure and breach mechanism; High earth-rock dam
INDEX KEYWORDS: Centrifugation; Containers; Control equipment; Dams; Dynamic loads; Dynamic response; Dynamics; Earthquakes; Failure (mechanical); Flowmeters; Hydraulic machinery; Rock mechanics; Safety engineering; Strain; Strength of materials; Analytical method; Centrifugal model test systems; Concrete face rockfill dam; Earth and rock-fill dam; Engineering applications; Experimental techniques; High earth-rock dams; Static and dynamic loading; Rocks
REFERENCES: Bulletin of First National Census for Water, (2025); 
undefined, (2008); 
Breach Mechanism and Simulation of Breach Process for Earth Rock Dams, (2012); 
Wang, Xiaogang, Geotechnical engineering problems associated with construction of water resources projects in western China, Yantu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 29, 8, pp. 1129-1134, (2007); 
Hydro Science and Engineering, (2011); 
Chinese Eng Sci, (2011); 
Marachi Nd, Evaluation of properties of rockfill materials, ASCE J Soil Mech Found Div, 98, SM1, pp. 95-114, (1972); 
Ma, Gang, Mesoscopic mechanism study of scale effects of rockfill, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 31, 12, pp. 2473-2482, (2012); 
Varadarajan, A., Testing and modeling two rockfill materials, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering - ASCE, 129, 3, pp. 206-218, (2003); 
Rock and Soil Mechanics, (2002)
PUBLISHER: Chinese Society of Civil Engineering
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Ge, Y., Cui, P., Zhang, J., Zeng, C., Su, F.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Ge, Yonggang (26039083000); Cui, Peng (56706923500); Zhang, Jianqiang (35212366900); Zeng, Chao (56497480400); Su, Fenghuan (14033176000)
26039083000; 56706923500; 35212366900; 56497480400; 14033176000
Catastrophic debris flows on July 10th 2013 along the Min River in areas seriously-hit by the Wenchuan earthquake
(2015) Journal of Mountain Science, 12 (1), pp. 186 - 206, Cited 54 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11629-014-3100-7
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84921929563&doi=10.1007%2Fs11629-014-3100-7&partnerID=40&md5=403e7e34401798514668e4b01c585738

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; CAS Center for Excellence & Innovation in Tibetan Plateau Earth System Sciences, Shantou, Beijing, China; Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Emergency Mapping & Disaster Reduction/Sichuan Geomatics Center, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: Over 240 debris flows occurred in hill-slopes, gullies ( indicated those with single-channel) and watersheds (indicated those with tributaries and channels) on July 10th 2013 in the Wenchuan county, and caused 29 casualties and about 633×106 USD losses. This work aimed to analyze characteristics, hazards and causes of these events and explore mitigating measures based on field investigation and remote sensing images interpretation. The debris flows contained clay content of 0.1%∼3.56%, having densities of 1.72∼2.14 t/m3, velocities of 5.0∼12.7 m/s, discharges of 335∼2353 m3/s and sediment yields of 0.10∼1.26×106 m3, and also numerously occurred in large watersheds with the area over 10 km2. Large debris flows formed 3 hazard-chains in slopes, gullies, watersheds and rivers, which all evolved in dammed lakes and outburst flood, and 26 dammed lakes and 10 newly ones were generated along the rivers of Min and Yuzi. The remarkable spatial difference of loose solid materials accumulation and intense rainfall, with the cumulative of about or more than 150 mm and the hourly of over 16mm, caused debris flows in the sections from Yingxiu to Miansi and Gengda. The damages on buildings, reconstructions, highways, factories and hydro power station originated from the impacting, scouring, burying of debris flows, the submerging of dammed lake and the scouring of outburst flood, and the huge losses came from the ruinous destructions of control engineering works of debris flows as well as the irrational location and low-resistant capabilities of reconstructions. For hazards mitigating of debris flows in long term, the feasible measures for short term, including risk-reassessing of foregone and potential hazard sites, regional alarming system establishing and integrated control in disastrous sites, and middle-long term, including improving reconstruction standard, rationally disposing river channel bed rise and selecting appropriate reconstruction time and plans, were strongly suggested. © 2015, Science Press, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, CAS and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Causes; Characteristics; Damages; Debris flows; Preventions; Wenchuan Earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: catastrophic event; damage mechanics; debris flow; discharge; earthquake magnitude; flooding; gully; hazard assessment; hillslope; mitigation; reconstruction; remote sensing; risk assessment; Sichuan earthquake 2008; watershed; China; Sichuan; Yingxiu
REFERENCES: Chen, Jinnchyi, Characteristics of rainfall triggering of debris flows in the Chenyulan watershed, Taiwan, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 13, 4, pp. 1015-1023, (2013); 
Chen, Jinnchyi, Recent changes in the number of rainfall events related to debris-flow occurrence in the Chenyulan Stream Watershed, Taiwan, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 12, 5, pp. 1539-1549, (2012); 
Chen, Suchin Chien, Debris flow disaster prevention and mitigation of non-structural strategies in Taiwan, Journal of Mountain Science, 11, 2, pp. 308-322, (2014); 
Chen, Ningsheng, The critical rainfall characteristics for torrents and debris flows in the Wenchuan earthquake stricken area, Journal of Mountain Science, 6, 4, pp. 362-372, (2009); 
Chen, Xingzhang, Post-earthquake changes and prediction of debris flow scales in Subao River Valley, Beichuan County, Sichuan Province, China, Environmental Earth Sciences, 65, 4, pp. 995-1003, (2012); 
Chiou, Shianjin, Evaluating landslides and sediment yields induced by the chi-chi earthquake and followed heavy rainfalls along the ta-chia river, Journal of GeoEngineering, 2, 2, pp. 73-83, (2007); 
Cui, Peng, Risk assessment of highways affected by debris flows in Wenchuan earthquake area, Journal of Mountain Science, 10, 2, pp. 173-189, (2013); 
Cui, Peng, The Wenchuan Earthquake (May 12, 2008), Sichuan Province, China, and resulting geohazards, Natural Hazards, 56, 1, pp. 19-36, (2011); 
Formation Mechanism and Risk Control in Wenchuan Earthquake of Mountain Disaster, (2011); 
Cui, Peng, Characteristics and countermeasures of debris flow in Wenchuan area after the earthquake, Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 42, 5, pp. 10-19, (2010)
PUBLISHER: Science Press
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wang, W., Yin, Y., Li, B., Feng, Z., Yan, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wang, Wenpei (36912851700); Yin, Yueping (55687306100); Li, Bin (57283602100); Feng, Zhen (54417139800); Yan, Jinkai (26431176100)
36912851700; 55687306100; 57283602100; 54417139800; 26431176100
Spectral characteristics of dynamic response of slope with different angles of inclination
(2015) Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 34 (1), pp. 121 - 128, Cited 6 times.
DOI: 10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2015.01.013
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84921871937&doi=10.13722%2Fj.cnki.jrme.2015.01.013&partnerID=40&md5=08ffb40e1a9ce28a01657212bc4b083a

AFFILIATIONS: School of Water Resources and Environment, Beijing, China; Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China; Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Morphological characteristics of slopes determine the predominant frequency, which may amplify the incident seismic wave of the same or similar frequency range, thereby increase the slope dynamic response, and even trigger landslides. The microtremors and seismic observations were carried out in the adits along the Shiziliang slope surface in the meizoseismal area of Wenchuan earthquake(M<inf>s</inf> 8.0). The spectral ratios of horizontal to vertical component from the microtremor and the seismic records of 3 aftershocks were analyzed and the spectral characteristic curves were obtained. It was found that the minimum predominant frequency occurred at the slope crest. The PGA amplification decreased initially and then increased with the elevation, exhibiting a concave shape. The biggest PGA amplification reached 1.25 at the slope crest. The phenomenon of the low predominant frequency corresponding to the high PGA amplification at the top of slope may be related to the ratio of slope height to the wavelength of incident wave. The ratio was 0.2 when the PGA amplification reached the maximum value. To further investigate the morphological amplification effect on spectral characteristics, dynamic analysis was performed using the finite difference software FLAC by inputting the waves of multiple frequencies from the seismic acceleration records at Wolong station during Wenchuan earthquake(M<inf>s</inf> 8.0). 3 different angles of inclination were assumed for the slope being simulated. The calculated predominant frequencies of the slopes with different angles of inclination were found to be the same, which were verified by the results from inputting Ricker wavelets of different mono-frequencies. This indicated that the slope angle had no effect on the predominant frequency. ©, 2015, Academia Sinica. All right reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Earthquake trigger landslides; Morphological site effect; Predominant frequency; Slope dynamic response; Slope engineering
INDEX KEYWORDS: Dynamic response; Landslides; Seismology; Slope protection; Amplification effects; Morphological characteristic; Predominant frequency; Seismic accelerations; Site effects; Slope engineering; Spectral characteristics; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes
REFERENCES: Journal of Engineering Geology, (2009); 
Yin, Yueping, Dynamic response characteristics of Daguangbao landslide triggered by Wenchuan earthquake, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 31, 10, pp. 1969-1982, (2012); 
Yin, Yueping, Landslide hazards triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China, Landslides, 6, 2, pp. 139-152, (2009); 
Huang, Runqiu, The characteristics and failure mechanism of the largest landslide triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake, May 12, 2008, China, Landslides, 9, 1, pp. 131-142, (2012); 
Cui, Fangpeng, Discrete element analysis of collapsing and sliding response of slope triggered by time difference coupling effects of P and S seismic waves - Taking Tangjiashan landslide in beichuan county for example, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 29, 2, pp. 319-327, (2010); 
Sun, Ping, Does vertical seismic force play an important role for the failure mechanism of rock avalanches? A case study of rock avalanches triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake of May 12, 2008, Sichuan, China, Environmental Earth Sciences, 66, 5, pp. 1285-1293, (2012); 
Collier, C. J., A procedure for combining vertical and horizontal seismic action effects, Journal of Earthquake Engineering, 5, 4, pp. 521-539, (2001); 
Athanasopoulos, G., Effects of surface topography on seismic ground response in the Egion (Greece) 15 June 1995 earthquake, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 18, 2, pp. 135-149, (1999); 
Wang, Haiyun, Effects of topography on ground motion in the Xishan Park, Zigong City, Acta Geophysica Sinica, 53, 7, pp. 1631-1638, (2010); 
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, (1987)
PUBLISHER: Academia Sinica kjwang@public.wh.hb.cn
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Sun, Q., Zhang, L., Ding, X.L., Hu, J., Li, Z.W., Zhu, J.J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Sun, Qian (59600260900); Zhang, Lei (55954376100); Ding, Xiaoli (7401929481); Hu, Jun (57189631893); Li, Zhiwei (7409083012); Zhu, Jianjun (6602928296)
59600260900; 55954376100; 7401929481; 57189631893; 7409083012; 6602928296
Slope deformation prior to Zhouqu, China landslide from InSAR time series analysis
(2015) Remote Sensing of Environment, 156, pp. 45 - 57, Cited 200 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.rse.2014.09.029
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84907993352&doi=10.1016%2Fj.rse.2014.09.029&partnerID=40&md5=650441ed569d6c553fb10543fbe65a90

AFFILIATIONS: School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
ABSTRACT: A major landslide in Zhouqu, China occurred on August 8, 2010 and caused widespread damage and over 1700 casualties. We study the deformation of the slopes over a time period of about three years prior to the landslide by an enhanced StaMPS-SB technique with 16 ascending ALOS/PALSAR images. In particular, the orbit error and stratified troposphere that were not well dealt with in the original StaMPS-SB method have been satisfactorily corrected by a novel phase ramp correction method. The deformation in four regions of the study area has been retrieved with a maximum of up to 70. mm/yr. In the Luojiayu-Sanyanyu valley, the slopes where the 2010 giant landslide occurred have been found to be quite unstable before the event. Deformation exceeding 30. mm/yr has been detected in the Suoertou slope, which is a well-known place for an ancient fault zone landslide. Fast movement larger than 40. mm/yr is observed in the Xieliupo slope, which poses threats of landslide dam and dammed lake to the Pai-lung River together with another slope deformation detected in the opposite slope. In the Nanshanqiaotou slope, the detected ~. 30. mm/yr deformation can be viewed as the prelude of the large landslide occurred in October 2010. More important, it is found that the slope deformation time series has strong correlation with the precipitation in the area as well as with the devastating Wenchuan earthquake that occurred in May 2008 whose epicenter is about 300. km away from Zhouqu. © 2013 Elsevier Inc.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: ALOS/PALSAR; Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR); Landslide; Phase ramp correction; Slope displacements; Zhouqu County
INDEX KEYWORDS: ALOS/PALSAR; Interferometric synthetic aperture radars; Phase ramp; Slope displacements; Zhouqu County; Landslides; ALOS; deformation; earthquake epicenter; fault zone; landslide; PALSAR; Sichuan earthquake 2008; slope; time series; China; Gansu; Zhouqu
REFERENCES: Amelung, Falk, Stress control of deep rift intrusion at Mauna Loa volcano, Hawaii, Science, 316, 5827, pp. 1026-1030, (2007); 
Bai, Shibiao, Analysis of the relationship of landslide occurrence with rainfall: A case study of Wudu County, China, Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 7, 4, pp. 1277-1285, (2014); 
Bai, Shibiao, Combined landslide susceptibility mapping after Wenchuan earthquake at the Zhouqu segment in the Bailongjiang Basin, China, Catena, 99, pp. 18-25, (2012); 
Berardino, Paolo, A new algorithm for surface deformation monitoring based on small baseline differential SAR interferograms, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 40, 11, pp. 2375-2383, (2002); 
Biggs, Juliet, The postseismic response to the 2002 M 7.9 Denali Fault earthquake: Constraints from InSAR 2003-2005, Geophysical Journal International, 176, 2, pp. 353-367, (2009); 
Biggs, Juliet, Multi-interferogram method for measuring interseismic deformation: Denali Fault, Alaska, Geophysical Journal International, 170, 3, pp. 1165-1179, (2007); 
Bovenga, Fabio, Using COSMO/SkyMed X-band and ENVISAT C-band SAR interferometry for landslides analysis, Remote Sensing of Environment, 119, pp. 272-285, (2012); 
Camec, Claudie, Two examples of the use of SAR interferometry on displacement fields of small spatial extent, Geophysical Research Letters, 23, 24, pp. 3579-3582, (1996); 
Casu, Francesco, A quantitative assessment of the SBAS algorithm performance for surface deformation retrieval from DInSAR data, Remote Sensing of Environment, 102, 3-4, pp. 195-210, (2006); 
Catani, Filippo, On the application of SAR interferometry to geomorphological studies: Estimation of landform attributes and mass movements, Geomorphology, 66, 1-4 SPEC. ISS., pp. 119-131, (2005)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier Inc. usjcs@elsevier.com
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Li, Y.Q., Jing, L.P., Xiong, Y.L., Gu, L.L., Zhang, F.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Li, Yongqiang (57222595350); Jing, Liping (8688356600); Xiong, Yonglin (56091197900); Gu, Linlin (56367698600); Zhang, Feng (56184857400)
57222595350; 8688356600; 56091197900; 56367698600; 56184857400
3D dynamic interaction between earth dam and uneven liquefiable sandy ground based on CM model
(2015), pp. 1409 - 1414, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.1201/b17435-248
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84907378184&doi=10.1201%2Fb17435-248&partnerID=40&md5=6928c451396d46ce91372ba8d810e2fb

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Engineering Mechanics, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing, China; Department of Civil Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
ABSTRACT: The 3D dynamic interaction between a typical earth dam which was damaged seriously in the Wenchuan earthquake and the uneven liquefiable sandy ground was performed in this study. The Cyclic Mobility (CM) model, an elastoplastic model with rotation hardening which can systematically describe the monotonic and cyclic mechanical behaviors of soils combining the subloading, normal and superloading yield surfaces, was employed in the nonlinear numerical analysis. By the transform stress method, this model can uniquely describe the overall mechanical properties of soils under general stress states, without changing the values of parameters. In view of the CM model and the two-phase field theory, an effective stress-based, fully coupled, explicit Finite Element-Finite Difference method (FE-FD) is conducted. By introducing the Green-Naghdi rate tensor, this study presents a finite deformation analysis of a complex 3D earth dam founded on the liquefiable sites. Simulation reappeared the dam disaster process, gave the spatial and temporal distribution of PGA (Peak Ground Acceleration) and residual deformation. Our data demonstrate the mechanisms of the landslides, collapses and cracks on the earth dams. The present work shows that the CM model can reflect the dynamic responses of liquefiable soils and the local site effect has a significant influence on the seismic response of earth dams. © 2015 Taylor & Francis Group, London.
INDEX KEYWORDS: Cofferdams; Deformation; Earthquakes; Elastoplasticity; Embankment dams; Finite difference method; Geomechanics; Soils; Stresses; Elasto-plastic models; Explicit finite elements; Finite deformation analysis; Mechanical behavior; Nonlinear numerical analysis; Peak ground acceleration; Residual deformation; Spatial and temporal distribution; Dynamics
REFERENCES: Proc of the 11th International Symposium on Structural Engineering, (2010); 
Jing, Liping, Characteristics and factors that influenced damage to dams in the Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, 10, 3, pp. 349-358, (2011); 
Hacıefendioğlu, Kemal, Nonlinear response of earthfill dams to spatially varying ground motion including site response effect, Advances in Structural Engineering, 14, 2, pp. 223-234, (2011); 
Li, Yongqiang, Three-dimensional elastic-plastic dynamic interaction of earth dam and intermountain basin, Applied Mechanics and Materials, 166-169, pp. 2383-2390, (2012); 
Ye, Bin, Numerical modeling of changes in anisotropy during liquefaction using a generalized constitutive model, Computers and Geotechnics, 42, pp. 62-72, (2012); 
Zhang, Feng, Explanation of cyclic mobility of soils: Approach by stress-induced anisotropy, Soils and Foundations, 47, 4, pp. 635-648, (2007); 
Zhang, Feng, Unified description of sand behavior, Frontiers of Architecture and Civil Engineering in China, 5, 2, pp. 121-150, (2011)
PUBLISHER: Taylor and Francis - Balkema pub.nl@tandf.co.uk
CONFERENCE NAME: 14th International Conference of International Association for Computer Methods and Recent Advances in Geomechanics, IACMAG 2014
CONFERENCE DATE: 2014-09-22 through 2014-09-25
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wang, F., Sun, P., Highland, L., Cheng, Q.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wang, Fawu (16305836600); Sun, Ping (26428429500); Highland, Lynn M. (6506592145); Cheng, Qiangong (7202918113)
16305836600; 26428429500; 6506592145; 7202918113
Key factors influencing the mechanism of rapid and long runout landslides triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, China
(2014) Geoenvironmental Disasters, 1 (1), art. no. 1, Cited 15 times.
DOI: 10.1186/s40677-014-0001-6
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85010856248&doi=10.1186%2Fs40677-014-0001-6&partnerID=40&md5=e0922bd2511b3bc89c07e34eb2272af1

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Geosciences, Shimane University, Matsue, Shimane, Japan; Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China; United States Geological Survey, Reston, VA, United States; Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Background: The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake triggered many rapid and long runout landslides, which directly caused great loss of property and human lives and were responsible for a large percentage of total damages caused by the earthquake. It is very important for the purposes of landslide disaster prevention and mitigation to understand the earthquake triggered mechanism of initiation and motion of rapid and long runout landslides, which can potentially be the deadliest of ground failures. Results: In this paper, field investigations of some highly damaging landslides caused by the Wenchuan earthquake are introduced first, and followed by data from ring shear tests used to simulate the initiation and motion of one landslide in particular, the Donghekou complex landslide. Conclusions: It was found that groundwater and valley water played key roles in the rapid motion and long runout process of this landslide during the great earthquake. © 2014, Wang et al.; licensee Springer.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Hydrogeological condition; Initiation; Motion; Rapid and long runout landslides; Wenchuan earthquake
REFERENCES: Bird, Juliet F., Earthquake losses due to ground failure, Engineering Geology, 75, 2, pp. 147-179, (2004); 
Burchfiel, B. Clark, A geological and geophysical context for the Wenchuan earthquake of 12 May 2008, Sichuan, People's Republic of China, GSA Today, 18, 7, pp. 4-11, (2008); 
Chigira, Masahiro, Landslides induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China, Geomorphology, 118, 3-4, pp. 225-238, (2010); 
undefined, (2008); 
Cui, Peng, The 12 May Wenchuan earthquake-induced landslide lakes: Distribution and preliminary risk evaluation, Landslides, 6, 3, pp. 209-223, (2009); 
Huang, Runqiu, Development and distribution of geohazards triggered by the 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake in China, Science in China, Series E: Technological Sciences, 52, 4, pp. 810-819, (2009); 
Ishihara, Kenjii, Liquefaction and flow failure during earthquakes, Geotechnique, 43, 3, pp. 351-451, (1993); 
Kurahashi, Susumu, Characterized source model for simulating strong ground motions during the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 100, 5 B, pp. 2450-2475, (2010); 
Li, Xiaojun, Strong motion observations and recordings from the great Wenchuan Earthquake, Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, 7, 3, pp. 235-246, (2008); 
Lu, Ming, A preliminary study on the near-source strong-motion characteristics of the great 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 100, 5 B, pp. 2491-2507, (2010)
PUBLISHER: Springer
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Zhang, X., Pei, X., Pei, Z., Tan, C., Li, T.-T.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhang, Xiong (55864284400); Pei, Xiangjun (14058672500); Pei, Zuan (56637743700); Tan, Chao (56637459900); Li, Tiantao (56637297500)
55864284400; 14058672500; 56637743700; 56637459900; 56637297500
Study on discharge calculation method of debris flows in meizoseismal areas
(2014) Journal of Natural Disasters, 23 (6), pp. 227 - 233, Cited 2 times.
DOI: 10.13577/j.jnd.2014.0628
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84929078459&doi=10.13577%2Fj.jnd.2014.0628&partnerID=40&md5=333efc04d62f1f61cb1888337202d4f6

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Sichuan Institute of Geological Engineering Investigation, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Plenty of landslides with high potential energy and shattered mountains have been formed in meizoseismal areas. Under combined effect of gravity and rainfall, shattered surfaces start to extend and penetrate. Gradually they develop into a penetrating fracture face which breaks the internal structure of rock and soil. As a result, this process turns sources of potential shattering cracks into new landslides. The different physical properties between meizoseismal and non-seismic sources, coupled with the reduced critical condition of initiating debris flow exert an amplification effect on source formation, flow routing and movement. When applied to the meizoseismal areas, the existing methods of calculating debris flow peak discharge bear obvious limitations. This paper takes into account the fact that the discharge of debris flow is influenced by factors such as the seismic amplification effect, channel gradient and width, hydrodynamic conditions and physical properties of debris flow, and established a flow-erosion model. By comparison, the calculation result of examples by using the model is in good agreement with the actual value, which proves the applicability and validity of the formula suggested in this paper for meizoseismal areas. The results can be used for estimating discharge of debris flow in meizoseismal areas of Wenchuan earthquake and may give a reference to choosing prevention and control measures of debris flow.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Amplification factor; Debris flow; Discharge calculation; Meizoseismal area; Source of materials
INDEX KEYWORDS: debris flow; landslide; physical property; seismic source; Sichuan earthquake 2008; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Geohazard Assessment of the Wenchuan Earthquake, (2009); 
Gartner, Joseph E., Empirical models to predict the volumes of debris flows generated by recently burned basins in the western U.S., Geomorphology, 96, 3-4, pp. 339-354, (2008); 
Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, (2004); 
Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation, (2012); 
Debris Flow M, (1986); 
Northwestern Seismological Journal, (2025); 
Feng, Zheng Yi, The seismic signatures of the surge wave from the 2009 Xiaolin landslide-dam breach in Taiwan, Hydrological Processes, 26, 9, pp. 1342-1351, (2012); 
Crosta, Giovanni Battista, Numerical modelling of entrainment/deposition in rock and debris-avalanches, Engineering Geology, 109, 1-2, pp. 135-145, (2009); 
Chen, Ningsheng, Conflux process analysis of desastrous debris flow in Qiongshan Ravine, Danba,Sichuan Province, Journal of Natural Disasters, 13, 3, pp. 104-108, (2004); 
Methodology and Framework Study of Urban Debris Flow Risk Assessment D, (2009)
PUBLISHER: Science Press
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wang, Y., Hu, Q., Zhi, J., Deng, X.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wang, Yunsheng (7601489707); Hu, Qinlong (57206191497); Zhi, Jingzi (57850022700); Deng, Xi (57199144314)
7601489707; 57206191497; 57850022700; 57199144314
Lessons on post-disater reconstruction and geohazard prevention from the Wenchuan earthquanke
(2014) Disaster Advances, 7 (9), pp. 12 - 18, Cited 1 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84928015475&partnerID=40&md5=91e6f9755237017c2de40ea6fff4e214

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: A strong earthquake like the Wenchuan earthquake on May 12th, 2008 in China could cause huge losses in human lives and properties damages in a short time. Reconstruction projects have been carried out after the earthquake with varying degrees of success. This paper deals with a couple of issues arising after the Wenchuan earthquake from which certain lessons can be drawn. The original seismic zoning in the earthquake area proved to be under valuated. A safe distance of the buildings from active fault zones was not respected in the mountain towns. Many villages in these mountains were not built in a safe geological environment. An anti -seismic design of the buildings was not respected enough. The amount of loose source material for debris flows after the earthquake was under estimated leading to ineffective designs of remedial works. The level of new designed roads, bridges and tunnels proved to be too low due to an under estimate of the rise of the river beds in the main valleys. Areas with a high hazard for flooding and debris flows were ignored in the planning of new built up areas.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Hazard prevention; Intensity; Lessons; Town planning; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: disaster management; earthquake damage; hazard assessment; reconstruction; seismic hazard; Sichuan earthquake 2008; zoning policy; China
REFERENCES: Cui, Peng, Destruction of vegetation due to geo-hazards and its environmental impacts in the Wenchuan earthquake areas, Ecological Engineering, 44, pp. 61-69, (2012); 
Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011); 
Di, Baofeng, Quantifying the spatial distribution of soil mass wasting processes after the 2008 earthquake in Wenchuan, China. A case study of the Longmenshan area, Remote Sensing of Environment, 114, 4, pp. 761-771, (2010); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2008); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2009); 
Huang, Runqiu, Mechanism and geomechanical modes of landslide hazards triggered by Wenchuan 8.0 earthquake, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 28, 6, pp. 1239-1249, (2009); 
Journal of Catastrophology, (2012); 
Keefer, David K., LANDSLIDES CAUSED BY EARTHQUAKES., Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 95, 4, pp. 406-421, (1984); 
Keefer, David K., Investigating landslides caused by earthquakes - A historical review, Surveys in Geophysics, 23, 6, pp. 473-510, (2002); 
Wang, Yunsheng, Study of formation conditions and toss motion program of high landslides induced by earthquake, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 28, 11, pp. 2360-2368, (2009)
PUBLISHER: Disaster Advances
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Dang, C., Chu, N., Ding, Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Dang, Chao (18433637500); Chu, Nana (57390737300); Ding, Yu (35796958300)
18433637500; 57390737300; 35796958300
Predictive uncertainty of peak outflow relations for landslides dam breach
(2014) Environmental Earth Sciences, 72 (11), pp. 4265 - 4271, Cited 5 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s12665-014-3321-7
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84920258179&doi=10.1007%2Fs12665-014-3321-7&partnerID=40&md5=5fc1de9a76127c2fc9d74987fd24b6c1

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Geological Hazards on Three Gorges Reservoir Area, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China
ABSTRACT: Risk assessment development considering the failure of landslide dams often requires the estimation of peak outflow through the breach. The empirical equations based on data from case studies tend to be the first direct approach. This paper conducted an uncertainty analysis when these empirical relations were utilized to predict the peak outflow of a breached landslide dam. The results suggest that the relations derived from manmade dams or embankments typically overestimate the peak outflow about 1/5 to 3/4 of an order of magnitude; and the relations derived from the database of landslide dams have much smaller mean prediction errors and also exhibit broad uncertainty bands. Application of the uncertainly analysis was illustrated by the Tangjiashan landslide dammed lake, formed during 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. In addition, the predicted results from Eq. 1 deduced herein were considered to be the reliable estimate of peak outflow through the breach of landslide dam. © 2014, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Case study; Landslide dam; Peak outflow; Uncertainty analysis
INDEX KEYWORDS: Dams; Earthquakes; Landslides; Risk assessment; Risk perception; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Assessment development; Empirical equations; Empirical relations; Landslide dam; Peak outflow; Predictive uncertainty; Tangjiashan landslides; Uncertainty analysis
REFERENCES: Adams, John, Earthquake-dammed lakes in New Zealand, Geology, 9, 5, pp. 215-219, (1981); 
Casagli, Nicola, Geomorphic analysis of landslide dams in the Northern Apennine, Chikei, 20, 3, pp. 219-249, (1999); 
Inland Flood Hazards, (2000); 
J Mount Sci, (2002); 
Clerici, Aldo, Simulation of the Parma River blockage by the Corniglio landslide (Northern Italy), Geomorphology, 33, 1-2, pp. 1-23, (2000); 
Floods from Dam Failures, (1985); 
Costa, John E., FORMATION AND FAILURE OF NATURAL DAMS., Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 100, 7, pp. 1054-1068, (1988); 
US Geological Survey Open File Report, (1991); 
Cui, Peng, The 12 May Wenchuan earthquake-induced landslide lakes: Distribution and preliminary risk evaluation, Landslides, 6, 3, pp. 209-223, (2009); 
Cui, Peng, Landslide-dammed lake at Tangjiashan, Sichuan province, China (triggered by the Wenchuan Earthquake, May 12, 2008): Risk assessment, mitigation strategy, and lessons learned, Environmental Earth Sciences, 65, 4, pp. 1055-1065, (2012)
PUBLISHER: Springer Verlag
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Chen, J., Chen, X., Wang, T., Zou, Y.-H., Zhong, W.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Chen, Jiangang (56013367200); Chen, Xiaoqing (55739112600); Wang, Tao (56047984500); Zou, Yuhua (42162487000); Zhong, Wei (57198902994)
56013367200; 55739112600; 56047984500; 42162487000; 57198902994
Types and causes of debris flow damage to drainage channels in the Wenchuan earthquake area
(2014) Journal of Mountain Science, 11 (6), pp. 1406 - 1419, Cited 26 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11629-014-3045-x
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84912103379&doi=10.1007%2Fs11629-014-3045-x&partnerID=40&md5=734ee8cdeb67cb2b376042b7b97b0d78

AFFILIATIONS: Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Debris flows are among the most common geological disasters in China, and have been particularly frequent in Sichuan Province since the Wenchuan earthquake on 12 May 2008. The construction of debris flow drainage channels is a countermeasure used to distribute debris flow fans, and these channels play a critical role in the mitigation and prevention of damage resulting from debris flows. Under field conditions, the useful life of drainage channels can be greatly shortened as a result of strong abrasions to the drainage structure caused by the debris flow. Field investigations have shown that the types of damage to drainage channels include (a) erosion caused by hyper-concentrated silt flow, (b) impact fractures and foundation scour at the groundsills of the drainage channel, (c) destruction of the drainage channel outlet, and (d) destruction of the drainage channel caused by debris flow abrasion. In addition, based on the destruction of the drainage channel during the debris flow drainage process, a new type of drainage channel with energy dissipation components was proposed and applied in a steep, narrow gully for debris flow mitigation. Moreover, design and engineering repair recommendations for drainage channels are provided as a reference for repairing the damage to the channel. The results can provide an important reference for the effective repair and optimal design of drainage channels. © 2014, Science Press, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, CAS and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Damage type; Debris flow; Drainage channel; Geological disaster; Wenchuan earthquake
REFERENCES: Armanini, Aronne, RATIONAL CRITERION FOR DESIGNING OPENING OF SLIT-CHECK DAM, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 127, 2, pp. 94-104, (2001); 
Chanson, Hubert, Sabo check dams - mountain protection systems in japan, International Journal of River Basin Management, 2, 4, pp. 301-307, (2004); 
Journal of Hefei University of Technology, (2009); 
Journal of Catastrophology, (2001); 
Chen, Xiaoqing, New control methods for large debris flows in Wenchuan earthquake area, Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 45, 1, pp. 14-22, (2013); 
Coe, Jeffrey A., Estimating debris-flow probability using fan stratigraphy, historic records, and drainage-basin morphology, Interstate 70 highway corridor, central Colorado, U.S.A, International Conference on Debris-Flow Hazards Mitigation: Mechanics, Prediction, and Assessment, Proceedings, 2, pp. 1085-1096, (2003); 
Cui, Peng, The Wenchuan Earthquake (May 12, 2008), Sichuan Province, China, and resulting geohazards, Natural Hazards, 56, 1, pp. 19-36, (2011); 
Cui, Peng, Characteristics and countermeasures of debris flow in Wenchuan area after the earthquake, Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 42, 5, pp. 10-19, (2010); 
Gabet, Emmanuel J., The mobilization of debris flows from shallow landslides, Geomorphology, 74, 1-4, pp. 207-218, (2006); 
J Mt Sci, (2011)
PUBLISHER: Science Press
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Huang, X., Tang, C.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Huang, Xun (57206189172); Tang, Chuan (35932953300)
57206189172; 35932953300
Formation and activation of catastrophic debris flows in Baishui River basin, Sichuan Province, China
(2014) Landslides, 11 (6), pp. 955 - 967, Cited 29 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s10346-014-0465-1
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84911808448&doi=10.1007%2Fs10346-014-0465-1&partnerID=40&md5=ceda2c5d8c7d8e4ec075e3a1ef01b344

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: During the five rainy seasons following the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, at least eight catastrophic events of multiple debris flows occurred in the Yinchanggou area of Baishui River basin, in southwestern China. The deposits had some serious impacts on the transportation, communication, and reconstruction activities. It indicates the start of a period with a high-frequency debris flow activities. In this paper, a detailed review is made of the latest 12 debris flow events, which occurred on 18th August 2012. Field reconnaissance and measurements, supported by a remote sensing interpretation, were conducted to reveal the locations and morphological characteristics of debris flow catchments. A total volume of 50.26 million m3 co-seismic landslides, triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake, served as source materials for these debris flows and/or shallow landslides. Bedrocks, which were on the hanging wall of the Yingxiu-Beichuan Fault with a mean slope gradient larger than 30°, were the most susceptible for these seism-triggered failures. The volume of debris flow deposits on individual fans vary by many orders of magnitude from 2,900 to 223,500 m3. The huge amount of reserves of source material compared to debris flow volumes currently deposited and taking into account the relatively low morphology index values form an indication of the early stage in the development of debris flows and the immense potential for debris flow occurrence in the future. There are two patterns of debris flow initiation which can be distinguished in this study: (a) the channel initiation pattern of concentrated overland flow erosion in the channel beds and (b) the slope initiation pattern which shows the development of new landslides and a transition into debris flows during a heavy rainfall. A catastrophic debris flow in the Haihuiqiao watershed of the Yinchanggou area was selected to show in detail the mechanism of debris flow initiation as a result of intensive erosion in loose debris materials. The critical rainfall threshold in terms of daily precipitation decreased by 77 % compared to the pre-earthquake threshold. A primary rainfall intensity–duration (ID) threshold curve was constructed for debris flows for an early-warning system and compared with other global rainfall thresholds. The discussion is focused on the initiation mechanisms of debris flows and the assessment of the critical meteorological threshold. © 2014, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Activity characteristics; Debris flows; Initiation process; Triggering rainfall; Wenchuan earthquake; Yinchanggou area
INDEX KEYWORDS: Catchments; Deposits; Earthquakes; Erosion; Landslides; Rain; Remote sensing; Watersheds; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Critical rainfall thresholds; Debris flows; Initiation process; Morphological characteristic; Remote sensing interpretation; Wenchuan Earthquake; Yinchanggou area; Debris; bedrock; catastrophic event; debris flow; early warning system; formation mechanism; geomorphology; landslide; overland flow; remote sensing; Baishui Basin; China; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Aleotti, Pietro, A warning system for rainfall-induced shallow failures, Engineering Geology, 73, 3-4, pp. 247-265, (2004); 
Buffington, John M., A systematic analysis of eight decades of incipient motion studies, with special reference to gravel-bedded rivers, Water Resources Research, 33, 8, pp. 1993-2029, (1997); 
Caine, Nel, The rainfall intensity-duration control of shallow landslides and debris flows., Geografiska Annaler, Series A: Physical Geography, 62, 1-2, pp. 23-27, (1980); 
Campbell, Kenneth W., Empirical near-source attenuation relationships for horizontal and vertical components of peak ground acceleration, peak ground velocity, and pseudo-absolute acceleration response spectra, Seismological Research Letters, 68, 1, pp. 154-179, (1997); 
Debris Flow Hazards and Related Phenomena, (2005); 
Chen, Chienyuan, Rainfall duration and debris-flow initiated studies for real-time monitoring, Environmental Geology, 47, 5, pp. 715-724, (2005); 
Chiou, Shianjin, Evaluating landslides and sediment yields induced by the chi-chi earthquake and followed heavy rainfalls along the ta-chia river, Journal of GeoEngineering, 2, 2, pp. 73-83, (2007); 
International Conference Prevention of Hydrogeological Hazards the Role of Scientific Research, (1996); 
Coe, Jeffrey A., Initiation conditions for debris flows generated by runoff at Chalk Cliffs, central Colorado, Geomorphology, 96, 3-4, pp. 270-297, (2008); 
Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011)
PUBLISHER: Springer Verlag
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Chen, H.X., Zhang, L.M., Zhang, S.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Chen, Hongxin (55089538300); Zhang, Limin Min (58883008100); Zhang, Shuai (55092670700)
55089538300; 58883008100; 55092670700
Evolution of debris flow properties and physical interactions in debris-flow mixtures in the Wenchuan earthquake zone
(2014) Engineering Geology, 182 (PB), pp. 136 - 147, Cited 49 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2014.08.004
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85027950110&doi=10.1016%2Fj.enggeo.2014.08.004&partnerID=40&md5=0da80c0314d364a0d8c1966a61ee30e4

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
ABSTRACT: The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake triggered an exceptional number of landslides. The large amount of loose landslide materials on the steep terrains can easily turn into debris flows by heavy rainfall. During the wet seasons from 2008 to 2011, five destructive debris flows occurred repeatedly in Yingxiu, the study area near the epicenter. This paper presents the evolution of debris flow properties and physical interactions in the debris flow mixtures in the past few years. Seven dimensionless numbers are used to describe the physical interactions. The evolution of the physical interactions over time was influenced by changes in debris-flow compositions, which in turn affected the runout characteristics of the debris flows significantly. Grain contact friction was the most important physical interaction for the five debris flows in the study area. With gradual loss of fine particles over time, the viscosity of the debris-flow mixtures became lower and lower, leading to a change from the dominance of viscous shear over solid-fluid interactions and inertial grain collision to the dominance of solid-fluid interactions and inertial grain collision over viscous shear. With inertial grain collision being more and more important, the flow resistance of the debris flows increased. The mobility of the future debris flows may become smaller and smaller. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flow; Dimensional analysis; Earthquake; Landslide; Slope stability; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Debris; Earthquakes; Landslides; Mixtures; Rain; Slope protection; Slope stability; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Debris flows; Dimensional analysis; Dimensionless number; Grain collisions; Physical interactions; Solid-fluid interactions; Wenchuan Earthquake; Shear flow; debris flow; dimensionless number; earthquake trigger; landslide; rainfall; Sichuan earthquake 2008; slope stability; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan; Yingxiu
REFERENCES: undefined; 
Carrigy, Maurice A., EXPERIMENTS ON THE ANGLES OF REPOSE OF GRANULAR MATERIALS, Sedimentology, 14, 3-4, pp. 147-158, (1970); 
Chang, Fi John, Investigating the impact of the Chi-Chi earthquake on the occurrence of debris flows using artificial neural networks, Hydrological Processes, 23, 19, pp. 2728-2736, (2009); 
Chang, Chiwen, Estimation of sediment volume of debris flow caused by extreme rainfall in Taiwan, Engineering Geology, 123, 1-2, pp. 83-90, (2011); 
Chang, Dongsheng, Field testing of erodibility of two landslide dams triggered by the 12 May Wenchuan earthquake, Landslides, 8, 3, pp. 321-332, (2011); 
Chen, Ningsheng, Impact of earthquake on debris flows - A case study on the wenchuan earthquake, Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami, 5, 5, pp. 493-508, (2011); 
Chen, Jinnchyi, Recent changes in the number of rainfall events related to debris-flow occurrence in the Chenyulan Stream Watershed, Taiwan, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 12, 5, pp. 1539-1549, (2012); 
Chen, Hongxin, Mechanisms and runout characteristics of the rainfall-triggered debris flow in Xiaojiagou in Sichuan Province, China, Natural Hazards, 62, 3, pp. 1037-1057, (2012); 
Chen, Hongxin, Hybrid simulation of the initiation and runout characteristics of a catastrophic debris flow, Journal of Mountain Science, 10, 2, pp. 219-232, (2013); 
Coussot, Philippe, Rheophysical classification of concentrated suspensions and granular pastes, Physical Review E, 59, 4, pp. 4445-4457, (1999)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Huang, R., Li, W.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Huang, Runqiu (55835407700); Li, Weile (25936551300)
55835407700; 25936551300
Post-earthquake landsliding and long-term impacts in the Wenchuan earthquake area, China
(2014) Engineering Geology, 182 (PB), pp. 111 - 120, Cited 170 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2014.07.008
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84911443422&doi=10.1016%2Fj.enggeo.2014.07.008&partnerID=40&md5=073f14a024ece1690e698c0515e37e32

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: The Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake on May 12, 2008 triggered tens of thousands of landslides and produced large amounts of loose material. The loose material accumulated in gullies or on slopes provides abundant sources for the consequent debris flows, which will endanger resettled residents and destroy urban reconstruction. During the 5years following the Wenchuan earthquake event, heavy rainfalls have already induced a great number of debris flows in the earthquake-damaged area, resulting in serious casualties and property losses. The co-seismic landslides and the debris flows induced by rainfalls in the Mianyuan River basin are analyzed using multi-temporal remote sensing images. More than 2000 landslides were triggered and about 4.0×108m3 of loose material was generated in the Mianyuan River basin, and the volume of erodible material is 6.0×107-1.6×108m3. There were 1.27×107m3 of bed load sediments and 6.3×105m3 suspended load sediments transported into the river system in the past 5years. The active mass movements will last for a long period in the Mianyuan River basin. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flow; Landslide activity; Long-term impact; Mianyuan river; Rainfall; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Debris; Image reconstruction; Landslides; Rain; Rivers; Sediment transport; Suspended sediments; Watersheds; Debris flows; Heavy rainfall; Long-term impacts; Loose materials; Multi-temporal remote sensing; Seismic landslides; Suspended loads; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes; debris flow; earthquake damage; earthquake trigger; gully; landslide; rainfall; Sichuan earthquake 2008; slope; suspended sediment; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Dadson, Simon J., Earthquake-triggered increase in sediment delivery from an active mountain belt, Geology, 32, 8, pp. 733-736, (2004); 
Hovius, Niels, Prolonged seismically induced erosion and the mass balance of a large earthquake, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 304, 3-4, pp. 347-355, (2011); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2011); 
Huang, Runqiu, Analysis of the geo-hazards triggered by the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake, China, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 68, 3, pp. 363-371, (2009); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2009); 
Keefer, David K., LANDSLIDES CAUSED BY EARTHQUAKES., Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 95, 4, pp. 406-421, (1984); 
Keefer, David K., The importance of earthquake-induced landslides to long-term slope erosion and slope-failure hazards in seismically active regions, Geomorphology, 10, 1-4, pp. 265-284, (1994); 
Proc of the 11th Iaeg Congress Auckland New Zealand, (2010); 
Lin, Ching-Wee Weei, Impacts of the Chi-Chi earthquake on subsequent rainfall-induced landslides in central Taiwan, Engineering Geology, 86, 2-3, pp. 87-101, (2006); 
Lin, Guan-Wei, Influence of typhoons and earthquakes on rainfall-induced landslides and suspended sediments discharge, Engineering Geology, 97, 1-2, pp. 32-41, (2008)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Hu, W., Xu, Q., van Asch, T.W.J., Zhu, X., Xu, Q.Q.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Hu, Wei (42361224100); Xu, Qiang (56506033600); van Asch, Theodore W.J. (6701661708); Zhu, Xing (55596923600); Xu, Q. Q. (56194381000)
42361224100; 56506033600; 6701661708; 55596923600; 56194381000
Flume tests to study the initiation of huge debris flows after the Wenchuan earthquake in S-W China
(2014) Engineering Geology, 182 (PB), pp. 121 - 129, Cited 36 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2014.04.006
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84911436977&doi=10.1016%2Fj.enggeo.2014.04.006&partnerID=40&md5=c9e260185d2c8d5d56af9368201ff477

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Universiteit Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
ABSTRACT: In the Wenchuan area in the southwest of China, a huge amount of loose co-seismic landslide material was deposited on slopes during the Wenchuan earthquake of May 2008. These loose deposits formed the source material for rainfall-induced debris flows or shallow landslides in the years after the earthquake. On August 13, 2010, about 20 large debris flows were triggered by heavy rainfall in the area around the epicenter of the Wenchuan earthquake. Field reconnaissance revealed that the initiation of these post-earthquake debris flows was closely related to severe erosion of the loose deposits.Flume tests were carried out to study the initiation mechanism of these post-earthquake debris flows and the related influencing factors. The flume was instrumented with ten combination sets of suction and pore-pressure sensors. These sensors were accompanied by TDR probes to measure the soil water content. The flume has a length of 2.5. m and a width of 1.5. m.A series of 26 tests was conducted to study the influence of slope gradient and discharge on the initiation mechanism and scale of the debris flows. The amount of debris-flow discharge was obtained by collecting the washed out deposits every 20. s.The experimental results showed that the initiation mechanism of debris flows for gentle slopes and steep slopes was different. On steeper slope, incision by run-off water was very rapid initiating directly the start of a debris flow. The debris flow volume increased rapidly by a chain of subsequent cascading processes starting with collapses of the side walls, damming and breaching leading to a rapid widening of the erosion channel. At gentler slopes less intensive run-off incision caused an accumulation of material down slope, which, after saturation, failed as shallow slides transform in a second stage into debris flows. It was demonstrated that the slope was the dominant factor in controlling the scale of the debris flows while the effect of discharge on erosion and the size of the debris flows was less clear. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Co-seismic landslide deposits; Debris flow; Erosion rate; Flume tests
INDEX KEYWORDS: Debris; Deposits; Erosion; Landslides; Rain; Seismology; Soil moisture; Debris flows; Erosion rates; Initiation mechanism; Rainfall-induced; Seismic landslides; Shallow landslide; Soil water content; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes; coseismic process; debris flow; earthquake epicenter; earthquake mechanism; erosion rate; pore pressure; Sichuan earthquake 2008; slope dynamics; China
REFERENCES: Anderson, Scott A., Analysis of rainfall-induced debris flows, Journal of Geotechcnical Engineering, 121, 7, pp. 544-552, (1995); 
Berti, Matteo, Experimental evidences and numerical modelling of debris flow initiated by channel runoff, Landslides, 2, 3, pp. 171-182, (2005); 
U S Geological Survey Professional Paper, (1975); 
Cannon, Susan H., Wildfire-related debris-flow generation through episodic progressive sediment-bulking processes, western USA, International Conference on Debris-Flow Hazards Mitigation: Mechanics, Prediction, and Assessment, Proceedings, 1, pp. 71-82, (2003); 
Egashira, Shinji, Experimental study on the entrainment of bed material into debris flow, Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part C: Solar, Terrestrial and Planetary Science, 26, 9, pp. 645-650, (2001); 
Églit, Margarita E., Mathematical modeling of snow entrainment in avalanche motion, Cold Regions Science and Technology, 43, 1-2, pp. 10-23, (2005); 
Iverson, Richard M., Groundwater flow fields in infinite slopes, Geotechnique, 40, 1, pp. 139-143, (1990); 
Iverson, Richard M., Positive feedback and momentum growth during debris-flow entrainment of wet bed sediment, Nature Geoscience, 4, 2, pp. 116-121, (2011); 
Can Geotech J, (2005); 
Montgomery, David R., A physically based model for the topographic control on shallow landsliding, Water Resources Research, 30, 4, pp. 1153-1171, (1994)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Yu, B., Wu, Y., Chu, S.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Yu, Bin (37058094800); Wu, Yufu (43561996100); Chu, Shengming (55627530700)
37058094800; 43561996100; 55627530700
Preliminary study of the effect of earthquakes on the rainfall threshold of debris flows
(2014) Engineering Geology, 182 (PB), pp. 130 - 135, Cited 52 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2014.04.007
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84911380794&doi=10.1016%2Fj.enggeo.2014.04.007&partnerID=40&md5=e022fe382035cb0020cf3fb17cdaaab7

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Jiangxi Province Engineering Research Center of Surveying, Nanchang, China; Sichuan Chuanjian Geotechnical Survey and Design Institute, China
ABSTRACT: Numerous landslides were triggered in earthquake-affected areas and the largest one was located close to the rupture fault. Abundant loose solid erodible materials from co-seismic rock falls and landslides were deposited in gullies, which formed the source material for debris flows. Numerous debris flows were triggered in the years after the earthquake during the rainy season. The Wenchuan and Chi-Chi earthquakes are examples where after these events the triggering thresholds for debris flows significantly decreased. Some studies emphasized that the increased debris flow activity in the earthquake-affected areas will last 20 to 40. years. However it is still an open question because no detailed research was conducted on the temporal occurrence of debris flows over a long time span after a strong earthquake. In this paper the ratio of rainfall thresholds after and before earthquakes is studied in relation to the peak ground acceleration (PGA) of earthquakes and the number of rainy seasons after the earthquake. The debris flows in the Chi-Chi and Wenchuan earthquake areas were selected for this study. The preliminary results are: (1) the earthquakes caused an instantaneous decrease of the rainfall threshold for debris flows. The ratio (r) of threshold after the earthquake over the threshold before the earthquake decreases with a power function with the increasing dimensionless peak ground acceleration (PGA) of the earthquake; (2) in the first 7 rainy seasons after the earthquake the ratio (r) linearly increases with the increasing number of elapsed rainy seasons; and (3) the earthquake not only has an increasing effect on the debris flow activity but also has an influence on the duration of this activity. The duration of the enhanced activity increases with a larger PGA. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flow; Effect of earthquake; Peak ground acceleration; Rainfall threshold; Rainy season
INDEX KEYWORDS: Debris; Landslides; Rain; Rock bursts; Debris flow activities; Debris flows; Peak ground acceleration; Rainfall thresholds; Rainy seasons; Strong earthquakes; Triggering threshold; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes; Chi-Chi earthquake 1999; debris flow; earthquake trigger; landslide; peak acceleration; rainfall; rockfall; Sichuan earthquake 2008; Chichi; China; Sichuan; Taiwan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Chen, Hongey, The impact of landslide and debris flows triggered by Typhoon Mindulle in Taiwan, Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology, 38, 3, pp. 301-304, (2005); 
Chen, Hongey, Recent rainfall-induced landslides and debris flow in northern Taiwan, Geomorphology, 77, 1-2, pp. 112-125, (2006); 
Chen, Ningsheng, The critical rainfall characteristics for torrents and debris flows in the Wenchuan earthquake stricken area, Journal of Mountain Science, 6, 4, pp. 362-372, (2009); 
Chiou, Shianjin, Evaluating landslides and sediment yields induced by the chi-chi earthquake and followed heavy rainfalls along the ta-chia river, Journal of GeoEngineering, 2, 2, pp. 73-83, (2007); 
J Chin Soil Water Conserv, (2002); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2011); 
Huang, Runqiu, The characteristics and failure mechanism of the largest landslide triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake, May 12, 2008, China, Landslides, 9, 1, pp. 131-142, (2012); 
A Rainfall Based Debris Flow Warning Analysis and Its Application, (2006); 
Proceedings of the 21st Asian Conference on Remote Sensing, (2000); 
Lin, Ching-Wee Weei, Impact of Chi-Chi earthquake on the occurrence of landslides and debris flows: Example from the Chenyulan River watershed, Nantou, Taiwan, Engineering Geology, 71, 1-2, pp. 49-61, (2004)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wang, G., Huang, R., Lourenço, S.D.N., Kamai, T.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wang, Gonghui (8532560900); Huang, Runqiu (55835407700); Lourenço, Sérgio D.N. (56233816600); Kamai, Toshitaka (7003797392)
8532560900; 55835407700; 56233816600; 7003797392
A large landslide triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan (M8.0) earthquake in Donghekou area: Phenomena and mechanisms
(2014) Engineering Geology, 182 (PB), pp. 148 - 157, Cited 84 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2014.07.013
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84911372916&doi=10.1016%2Fj.enggeo.2014.07.013&partnerID=40&md5=a0f4e17b3027caa1abe1b92a9d4c087e

AFFILIATIONS: Research Centre on Landslides, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan; State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Formally School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Cardiff University, Cardiff, South Glamorgan, Wales, United Kingdom
ABSTRACT: During the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, more than 60,000 landslides were triggered, resulting in about 20,000 casualties. Among these landslides, a catastrophic one occurred in Donghekou area of Qingchuan County. Donghekou landslide had a volume of about 1×107m3, traveled fast for approximately 2km, killing about 780 people. The source area consisted of unstable sedimentary strata and the runout path was made of colluvial deposits. During the earthquake, the colluvial deposits started to move first, before the arrival of the displaced landslide debris from the main source area. We performed undrained cyclic ring shear tests on samples taken from the runout path and concluded that liquefaction of the runout path material enhanced the mobility of the debris material. A fumarole was identified on the upper part of the runout path 6months later. We analyzed the gas and water venting out, and concluded that the fumarole was not the result of fault movement; it resulted instead from the weathering of slate from the source area. The long-travel landslide materials blocked two rivers, forming two landslide dams that breached with the occurrence of overtopping. To better understand the internal structure of the landslide deposits and then provide evidence for a rational plan of countermeasures to stabilize the landslide dams, we measured the shear-wave-velocity of the landslide deposits by a surface-wave technique called multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW). The results revealed that the landslide dams consisted of loosely deposited debris, suggesting that the landslide dams were mechanically weak and prone to erosion by overtopping. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Catastrophic landslide; Internal structure; Liquefaction; Weathering of slate; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Dams; Debris; Deposits; Earthquakes; Landslides; Liquefaction; Shear flow; Shear waves; Slate; Surface waves; Wave propagation; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Catastrophic landslides; Internal structure; Landslide deposits; Multi-channel analysis of surface waves; Shear wave velocity; Surface wave techniques; Wenchuan Earthquake; Weathering; catastrophic event; colluvial deposit; earthquake trigger; fumarole; landslide; liquefaction; overtopping; Sichuan earthquake 2008; slate; weathering; China; Donghekou; Qingchuan; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Burchfiel, B. Clark, Tectonics of the Longmen Shan and Adjacent Regions, Central China, International Geology Review, 37, 8, pp. 661-735, (1995); 
Burchfiel, B. Clark, A geological and geophysical context for the Wenchuan earthquake of 12 May 2008, Sichuan, People's Republic of China, GSA Today, 18, 7, pp. 4-11, (2008); 
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Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology, (2009); 
Chigira, Masahiro, Landslides induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China, Geomorphology, 118, 3-4, pp. 225-238, (2010); 
Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011); 
Dai, Fuchu, Rock avalanches triggered by oblique-thrusting during the 12 May 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Geomorphology, 132, 3-4, pp. 300-318, (2011); 
Seismology and Geology, (1994); 
Densmore, Alexander Logan, Active tectonics of the Beichuan and Pengguan faults at the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, Tectonics, 26, 4, (2007); 
Natural and Artificial Rockslide Dams, (2011)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GREEN ACCEPTED OPEN ACCESS; GREEN OPEN ACCESS

Li, Y., Chen, G., Han, Z., Zheng, L., Zhang, F.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Li, Yange (55339639500); Chen, Guangqi (55577206900); Han, Zheng (55556913000); Zheng, Lu (55273034500); Zhang, Feilian (7404969081)
55339639500; 55577206900; 55556913000; 55273034500; 7404969081
A hybrid automatic thresholding approach using panchromatic imagery for rapid mapping of landslides
(2014) GIScience and Remote Sensing, 51 (6), pp. 710 - 730, Cited 17 times.
DOI: 10.1080/15481603.2014.972867
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84918780961&doi=10.1080%2F15481603.2014.972867&partnerID=40&md5=abb85f913ec2ad7852224544e78426b8

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Japan; School of Civil Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: In this paper, we propose a hybrid approach for the rapid mapping of landslides, based on automatic thresholding using panchromatic (PAN) images as data sources. The new approach is a combination of image differencing, a multistage local thresholding strategy, and a newly developed directional recursive method. Firstly, the Otsu method has been selected to calculate the global threshold of the entire residual image and the image is repeatedly segmented into sub-images with a growing window size. Secondly, the resulting sub-images are categorized into three types (balanced, background-dominated, and object-dominated) according to the histogram of global and local image information. Thirdly, sub-images of different types are binarized respectively by using different schemes of the proposed directional recursive method. Finally, the individual results in each running step are integrated and the entire image is binarized. The proposed approach has been tested for rapid detection of landslides induced by the Wenchuan earthquake in Beichuan County, China. Results show that almost all of the landslides are properly detected including the low-contrast ones, which cannot be identified neither by the original Otsu method nor the change detection algorithm within ERDAS software. © 2014 © 2014 Taylor & Francis.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: automatic thresholding; directional recursive method; multistage local thresholding strategy; panchromatic image; rapid detection of landslides; the Otsu method
INDEX KEYWORDS: algorithm; automation; landslide; mapping; panchromatic image; Sichuan earthquake 2008; Beichuan; China; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Bǎlteanu, Dǎn, A country-wide spatial assessment of landslide susceptibility in Romania, Geomorphology, 124, 3-4, pp. 102-112, (2010); 
Barlow, John, High spatial resolution satellite imagery, DEM derivatives, and image segmentation for the detection of mass wasting processes, Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, 72, 6, pp. 687-692, (2006); 
Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Control Systems and Computer Science, (2011); 
Booth, Adam M., Automated landslide mapping using spectral analysis and high-resolution topographic data: Puget Sound lowlands, Washington, and Portland Hills, Oregon, Geomorphology, 109, 3-4, pp. 132-147, (2009); 
Chang, Kangtsung, Modeling typhoon- and earthquake-induced landslides in a mountainous watershed using logistic regression, Geomorphology, 89, 3-4, pp. 335-347, (2007); 
Cheng, Ke Sheng, Locating landslides using multi-temporal satellite images, Advances in Space Research, 33, 3, pp. 296-301, (2004); 
Cheriet, Mohamed, A recursive thresholding technique for image segmentation, IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, 7, 6, pp. 918-921, (1998); 
Cigna, Francesca, Advanced radar-interpretation of InSAR time series for mapping and characterization of geological processes, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 11, 3, pp. 865-881, (2011); 
Coppin, P. R., Digital change detection methods in ecosystem monitoring: A review, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 25, 9, pp. 1565-1596, (2004); 
Fiorucci, Federica, Seasonal landslide mapping and estimation of landslide mobilization rates using aerial and satellite images, Geomorphology, 129, 1-2, pp. 59-70, (2011)
PUBLISHER: Bellwether Publishing, Ltd.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wen, H., Hu, D., Wang, G.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wen, Haijia (23988269300); Hu, Dongping (56655666400); Wang, Guilin (55675223982)
23988269300; 56655666400; 55675223982
A comparative study on the susceptibility mapping of earthquake triggered landslide by neural network and logistic regression model, Wenchuan County
(2014) Tumu Gongcheng Xuebao/China Civil Engineering Journal, 47, pp. 17 - 23, Cited 11 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84920725499&partnerID=40&md5=7bf77d53bb216e3695a8bb88cc885789

AFFILIATIONS: Chongqing University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
ABSTRACT: Its purpose is to comparative study on the susceptibility mapping model of landslides at meizoseismal area 2008 Wenchuan earthquake by two statistics method: neural network and logistic regression. Based on the landslides from field investigation of in Wenchuan County, main influencing factors of the earthquake triggered landslides were studied, including 12 factors: peak ground acceleration (PGA), distance from faults, distance from drainage, distance from highway, slope gradient, average annual rainfall, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), lithology, slope position, elevation, slope aspect and micro-landform. Using ArcGIS 10.1 set up factors layers and corresponding raster data. NN model and LR model were achieved to training, testing and predicting by R software. The study area was re-classified into five categories of landslides susceptibility: very low, low, medium, high and very high. By statistics analysis, the landslide data from field investigation are good agreement with the evaluation results. The overall prediction capability are about 0.930 and 0.941 shown by AUC values of NN model and LR model, respectively. Both NN model and LR model are satisfactory for susceptibility mapping of landslide triggered by earthquake, but all results showed that the LR model seems to be slightly superior to the NN model.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Landslide of earthquake; Logistic regression; Neural network; Susceptibility mapping
INDEX KEYWORDS: Earthquakes; Landslides; Lithology; Logistic regression; Mapping; Software testing; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Earthquake-triggered landslides; Logistic Regression modeling; Normalized difference vegetation index; Peak ground acceleration; Prediction capability; Susceptibility mapping; Two statistics methods; Neural networks
REFERENCES: Wen, Haijia, Geological disasters and their damage in Three Gorges reservoir area, Chongqing Jianzhu Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Chongqing Jianzhu University, 26, 1, (2004); 
Zhang, Yongxing, Research of landslide hazards assessment system, Chongqing Jianzhu Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Chongqing Jianzhu University, 30, 1, pp. 30-33, (2008); 
International Journal of Terraspace Science and Engineering, (2009); 
Wen, Haijia, Study on the georisk mis of high slopes at mountainous region cities, Gongcheng Lixue/Engineering Mechanics, 27, SUPPL. 1, pp. 168-171, (2010); 
Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering, (2011); 
Li, Weile, Co-seismic landslide inventory and susceptibility mapping in the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake disaster area, China, Journal of Mountain Science, 10, 3, pp. 339-354, (2013); 
Geological Review, (2010); 
Hydrogeology Engineering Geology, (2010); 
Geological Science and Technology Information, (2012); 
Li, Weile, Rapid susceptibility mapping of co-seismic landslides triggered by the 2013 Lushan Earthquake using the regression model developed for the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake, Journal of Mountain Science, 10, 5, pp. 699-715, (2013)
PUBLISHER: Chinese Society of Civil Engineering
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Han, Z., Chen, G., Li, Y., Xu, L., Zheng, L., Zhang, Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Han, Zheng (55556913000); Chen, Guangqi (55577206900); Li, Yange (55339639500); Xu, Linrong (7404745385); Zheng, Lu (55273034500); Zhang, Yingbin Bin (57214256630)
55556913000; 55577206900; 55339639500; 7404745385; 55273034500; 57214256630
A new approach for analyzing the velocity distribution of debris flows at typical cross-sections
(2014) Natural Hazards, 74 (3), pp. 2053 - 2070, Cited 24 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11069-014-1276-3
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84918591913&doi=10.1007%2Fs11069-014-1276-3&partnerID=40&md5=02b8181803b9aa3c4a5425d92eca5c74

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Japan; School of Civil Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
ABSTRACT: The asymmetrical distribution of debris-flow velocity in a cross-section has long been observed and is currently regarded as one of the most essential issues in debrisflow research. Due to a lack of quantitative models for the velocity distributions of debris flows, most studies consider only the mean velocity. However, to optimize countermeasure structures, to estimate the erosion rate, or to evaluate the constitutive equations for shear behavior, it is beneficial to know the velocity profile in a cross-section. In this paper, a generalized model of typical channel geometries (e.g., rectangular, trapezoid, or V-shape) is proposed. A description of the velocity distribution that optimizes the Manning–Strickler velocity equation for transverse distribution and Egashira’s velocity equation for vertical distribution is presented; thus, the debris-flow velocity at any point in the cross-section can be calculated and the distribution profile therefore obtained. A well-documented debrisflow reference case and the Jiasikou debris flow in the high-seismic-intensity zone of the Wenchuan earthquake are selected as case studies to demonstrate the model. Analyses of both cases confirm the asymmetrical distribution of debris-flow velocity in cross-section, as originally expected. This shows that the velocity at the top surface in the middle of the channel is much larger than that at each sidewall and than the mean value calculated by former equations. The obtained velocity distribution profile is a better approximation of the observed field profiles. © Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2014.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flow; Distribution profile; Generalized model of cross-section; Velocity
REFERENCES: Debris Flow Hazards Mitigation Mechanics Prediction and Assessment, (2000); 
Guide for Selecting Manning S Roughness Coefficients for Natural Channels and Flood Plains, (1989); 
Azmon, Benjamin, Manning coefficient of roughness - a case study along Soreq stream, 1971-1981, Journal of Hydrology, 132, 1-4, pp. 361-377, (1992); 
Berger, Catherine, Sediment transfer patterns at the Illgraben catchment, Switzerland: Implications for the time scales of debris flow activities, Geomorphology, 125, 3, pp. 421-432, (2011); 
Berti, Matteo, Debris flow monitoring in the Acquabona watershed on the Dolomites (Italian Alps), Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere, 25, 9, pp. 707-715, (2000); 
Brayshaw, Drew, Debris flow initiation and sediment recharge in gullies, Geomorphology, 109, 3-4, pp. 122-131, (2009); 
Breien, Hedda, Erosion and morphology of a debris flow caused by a glacial lake outburst flood, Western Norway, Landslides, 5, 3, pp. 271-280, (2008); 
J Nanjing Univ Technol, (2003); 
Chen, N. Sh, A rational method for estimating maximum discharge of a landslide-induced debris flow: A case study from southwestern China, Geomorphology, 84, 1-2, pp. 44-58, (2007); 
Science Column of Mountain Hazard, (2013)
PUBLISHER: Kluwer Academic Publishers
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Fan, X., Rossiter, D.G., Van Westen, C.J., Xu, Q., Görüm, T.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Fan, Xuanmei (12752112800); Rossiter, David G. (7006373083); Van Westen, Cees J. (6701664942); Xu, Qiang (56506033600); Görüm, Tolga (10440667500)
12752112800; 7006373083; 6701664942; 56506033600; 10440667500
Empirical prediction of coseismic landslide dam formation
(2014) Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 39 (14), pp. 1913 - 1926, Cited 69 times.
DOI: 10.1002/esp.3585
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84908061900&doi=10.1002%2Fesp.3585&partnerID=40&md5=3ea2bb41c4a0e3d57d2b7c5e11f9c019

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation – ITC, Enschede, Overijssel, Netherlands
ABSTRACT: In this study we develop an empirical method to estimate the volume threshold for predicting coseismic landslide dam formation using landscape parameters obtained from digital elevation models (DEMs). We hypothesize that the potential runout and volume of landslides, together with river features, determine the likelihood of the formation of a landslide dam. To develop this method, a database was created by randomly selecting 140 damming and 200 non-damming landslides from 501 landslide dams and>60 000 landslides induced by the M<inf>w</inf> 7.9 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China. We used this database to parameterize empirical runout models by stepwise multivariate regression. We find that factors controlling landslide runout are landslide initiation volume, landslide type, internal relief (H) and the H/L ratio (between H and landslide horizontal distance to river, L). In order to obtain a first volume threshold for a landslide to reach a river, the runout regression equations were converted into inverse volume equations by taking the runout to be the distance to river. A second volume threshold above which a landslide is predicted to block a river was determined by the correlation between river width and landslide volume of the known damming landslides. The larger of these two thresholds was taken as the final damming threshold. This method was applied to several landslide types over a fine geographic grid of assumed initiation points in a selected catchment. The overall prediction accuracy was 97.4% and 86.0% for non-damming and damming landslides, respectively. The model was further tested by predicting the damming landslides over the whole region, with promising results. We conclude that our method is robust and reliable for the Wenchuan event. In combination with pre-event landslide susceptibility and frequency-size assessments, it can be used to predict likely damming locations of future coseismic landslides, thereby helping to plan emergency response. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Landslide dam; Multivariate regression; Runout prediction; Volume threshold; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Catchments; Dams; Earthquakes; Forecasting; Inverse problems; Regression analysis; Rivers; Landslide dam; Multivariate regression; Run outs; Volume threshold; Wenchuan Earthquake; Landslides
REFERENCES: Adams, John, Earthquake-dammed lakes in New Zealand, Geology, 9, 5, pp. 215-219, (1981); 
Proceedings of the 9th International Symposium on Landslides, (2004); 
Brunetti, Maria Teresa, Probability distributions of landslide volumes, Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics, 16, 2, pp. 179-188, (2009); 
Inland Flood Hazards, (2000); 
Chen, Roufei, Topographical changes revealed by high-resolution airborne LiDAR data: The 1999 Tsaoling landslide induced by the Chi-Chi earthquake, Engineering Geology, 88, 3-4, pp. 160-172, (2006); 
Corominas, Jordi, The angle of reach as a mobility index for small and large landslides, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 33, 2, pp. 260-271, (1996); 
Corominas, Jordi, A review of assessing landslide frequency for hazard zoning purposes, Engineering Geology, 102, 3-4, pp. 193-213, (2008); 
Costa, John E., FORMATION AND FAILURE OF NATURAL DAMS., Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 100, 7, pp. 1054-1068, (1988); 
Cotecchia, Vincenzo, Some principal geological aspects of the landslides of Southern Italy, Bulletin of the International Association of Engineering Geology - Bulletin de l'Association Internationale de Géologie de l'Ingénieur, 9, 1, pp. 23-32, (1974); 
Cruden, David M., Landslide types and processes, Special Report - National Research Council, Transportation Research Board, 247, pp. 36-75, (1996)
PUBLISHER: John Wiley and Sons Ltd
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Yin, Z., Zhao, W., Qin, X.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Yin, Zhiqiang (57225702086); Zhao, Wuji (55683144500); Qin, Xiaoguang (7202154263)
57225702086; 55683144500; 7202154263
Distribution characteristics of geohazards induced by the Lushan Earthquake and their comparisons with the Wenchuan Earthquake
(2014) Journal of Earth Science, 25 (5), pp. 912 - 923, Cited 13 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s12583-014-0471-1
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84920999368&doi=10.1007%2Fs12583-014-0471-1&partnerID=40&md5=5adb330811820fea9f2edf381a1e2dc9

AFFILIATIONS: Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; China Institute of Geo-Environment Monitoring, Beijing, Beijing, China; School of the Earth Sciences and Resources, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: The Lushan Earthquake induced a large number of geohazards. They are widely distributed and caused serious damages. The basic characteristics, formation mechanisms and typical cases of geohazards induced by Lushan Earthquake are described, and compares to the relationships of Lushan and Wenchuan earthquakes between geohazards and earthquake magnitude, geomorphology, slope angle, elevation and seismic intensity in the most affected areas in the article. (1) The numbers and volumes of landslides and rockslides differ significantly between the two earthquakes due to their differing magnitudes. The Lushan Earthquake is associated with fewer and smaller-magnitude geohazards, within the immediate area, which mainly consist of small-and medium-sized shallow landslides and rockslides, and occur on steep slopes and mountain valleys. The largest landslide induced by Lushan Earthquake is the Gangoutou Landslide debris flow with a residual volume of about 2.48×106 m3. The most dangerous debris flow is at Lengmugou gulley in Baoxing County, which has similar geomorphological features and disaster modes as a previous disaster in Zhouqu County, Gansu Province. (2) Geohazards induced by the Lushan Earthquake show four mechanisms: cracking-rockslides-collision-scraping and then debris flows, cracking-rockslides, vibration-rainfall-rockslides-landslide and then debris flow, vibration-throwing or scrolling. (3) There are significant similarities and differences between the geohazards induced by these two earthquakes. The types of geohazards are the same but the volume, quantity and other factors differ: geohazards are concentrated on slope angles of 10°–40° in the Lushan Earthquake area, especially within 10°–20°, and at absolute elevation of 500–2 000 m above sea level (a.s.l.). Geohazards within the Wenchuan Earthquake area are concentrated on steeper slope angles of 30°–40° at higher absolute elevations of 1 500–2 000 m.s.l. © 2014, China University of Geosciences and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: basic characteristics; comparison; geohazards; Lushan Earthquake; Wenchuan Earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: debris flow; earthquake magnitude; formation mechanism; hazard assessment; landslide; Lushan earthquake 2013; seismicity; Sichuan earthquake 2008; vibration; geological hazard; Baoxing; China; Gansu; Sichuan; Zhouqu
REFERENCES: Burchfiel, B. Clark, A geological and geophysical context for the Wenchuan earthquake of 12 May 2008, Sichuan, People's Republic of China, GSA Today, 18, 7, pp. 4-11, (2008); 
Atlas of Earthquake and Geological Disasters in Wenchuan, (2008); 
Magnitude of the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake and Aftershocks, (2019); 
Special Report on 420 M Inf S Inf 7 0 Magnitude Earthquake in Lushan Sichuan Province, (2013); 
Earthquake Aftershocks Activity Analysis Report of Lushan on the 20 April 2013, (2013); 
Cui, Peng, The 12 May Wenchuan earthquake-induced landslide lakes: Distribution and preliminary risk evaluation, Landslides, 6, 3, pp. 209-223, (2009); 
Geological Review, (1996); 
Fu, Xiaofang, Coseismic deformation of the Ms 8. 0 Wenchuan earthquake and its relationship with geological hazards, Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition), 82, 12, pp. 1733-1746, (2008); 
Görüm, Tolga, Distribution pattern of earthquake-induced landslides triggered by the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Geomorphology, 133, 3-4, pp. 152-167, (2011); 
Hao, Ken Xiansheng, Coseismic surface-ruptures and crustal deformations of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake MW 7.9, China, Geophysical Research Letters, 36, 11, (2009)
PUBLISHER: China University of Geosciences
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Li, Y., Zhou, R., Zhao, G.-H., Li, H., Su, D.-C., Ding, H.-R., Yan, Z., Yan, L., Yun, K., Ma, C.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Li, Yong (57246524500); Zhou, Rongjun (8631822800); Zhao, Guohua (55884056400); Li, Haibing (35243031900); Su, Decheng Chen (8600537300); Ding, Hairong (41761303700); Yan, Zhaokun (36505404500); Yan, Liang (55330368900); Yun, Kung (59606563700); Ma, Chao (58811087300)
57246524500; 8631822800; 55884056400; 35243031900; 8600537300; 41761303700; 36505404500; 55330368900; 59606563700; 58811087300
Tectonic uplift and landslides triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake and constraints on orogenic growth: A case study from Hongchun Gully, Longmen Mountains, Sichuan, China
(2014) Quaternary International, 349, pp. 142 - 152, Cited 32 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.quaint.2014.05.005
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84908221127&doi=10.1016%2Fj.quaint.2014.05.005&partnerID=40&md5=58b625e052abc3a632332109a5150d11

AFFILIATIONS: Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Institute of Earthquake Engineering, Seismological Bureau of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Many uncertainties need to be taken into account to estimate the relationship between tectonic uplift, the landslide volume triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake, and constraints on the orogenic growth of the Longmen Shan (Mountain). In this research, coseismic tectonic uplift, landslides, and postseismic debris-flows in Hongchun Gully located at the earthquake epicenter have been studied. Field data, aerial photographs, and digital elevation data were used to estimate the quantitative relationship between the tectonic uplift and landslides, debris-flows and their constraints on the orogenic growth of the Longmen Mountains. The coseismic tectonic uplift volume (667×104m3) was more than the coseismic landslide volume (380.01×104m3). Only 57% of the volume of the tectonic uplift has been converted to the volume of landslides in Hongchun Gully, indicating new uplift and orogenic growth of the Longmen Shan. The volume of postseismic debris flows was 70.5×104m3, indicating that 20% of the volume of coseismic landslides was converted into postseismic debris flows by heavy rainfall. The volume of materials discharged by Minjiang River (the main river) is 48.5×104m3, indicating that only 13% of coseismic landslide sediments has been removed from the range by fluvial processes, and at least 86% of landslide sediments still remain in the Hongchun Gully. Coseismic tectonic uplift volume exceeds coseismic landslides volume, and the Wenchuan Earthquake caused new uplift and geomorphic growth of the Longmen Mountains. This is not consistent with a previous conclusion that mass wasting triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake exceeds orogenic growth and led to a net material deficit in the Longmen Shan region. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Coseismic landslides; Coseismic tectonic uplift; Longmen Shan; Orogenic growth; Postseismic debris flows; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: aerial photography; coseismic process; debris flow; digital elevation model; earthquake epicenter; earthquake trigger; landslide; orogenic belt; Sichuan earthquake 2008; tectonic evolution; tectonic setting; uplift; China; Hongchun Gully; Longmen Mountains; Min River [Sichuan]; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Burchfiel, B. Clark, A geological and geophysical context for the Wenchuan earthquake of 12 May 2008, Sichuan, People's Republic of China, GSA Today, 18, 7, pp. 4-11, (2008); 
Clark, Marin Kristen, Late Cenozoic uplift of southeastern Tibet, Geology, 33, 6, pp. 525-528, (2005); 
Dadson, Simon J., Earthquake-triggered increase in sediment delivery from an active mountain belt, Geology, 32, 8, pp. 733-736, (2004); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2005); 
Densmore, Alexander Logan, Active tectonics of the Beichuan and Pengguan faults at the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, Tectonics, 26, 4, (2007); 
de Michele, Marcello D., Three-dimensional surface displacement of the 2008 May 12 Sichuan earthquake (China) derived from Synthetic Aperture Radar: Evidence for rupture on a blind thrust, Geophysical Journal International, 183, 3, pp. 1097-1103, (2010); 
Fu, Bihong, Spatial characteristics of the surface rupture produced by the M s8. 0 wenchuan earthquake using high-resolution remote sensing imagery, Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition), 82, 12, pp. 1679-1687, (2008); 
Fu, Bihong, Surface deformation related to the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, and mountain building of the Longmen Shan, eastern Tibetan Plateau, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 805-824, (2011); 
Journal of Catastrophology, (2012); 
Godard, Vincent, Late Cenozoic evolution of the central Longmen Shan, eastern Tibet: Insight from (U-Th)/He thermochronometry, Tectonics, 28, 5, (2009)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier Ltd
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Li, D.X., Yang, J., Shi, C.Q., Zhou, J., Wang, X., Wang, J., Fu, K., Zhao, T.N.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Li, Danxiong (55632203100); Yang, Jianying (56384543800); Shi, Changqing (55631815100); Zhou, Jin (56441817900); Wang, Xingyu (56441834700); Wang, Jin (56442787400); Fu, Kai (56442054700); Zhao, Tingning (19934681100)
55632203100; 56384543800; 55631815100; 56441817900; 56441834700; 56442787400; 56442054700; 19934681100
Interspecific association of dominant species in the vegetation recovery process after landslide of Wenchuan Earthquake
(2014) Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology, 20 (5), pp. 938 - 943, Cited 3 times.
DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1145.2014.03016
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84916601439&doi=10.3724%2FSP.J.1145.2014.03016&partnerID=40&md5=9def809506b03deaaa9bcb3f893cc1ff

AFFILIATIONS: Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, Beijing, China; Beichuan County Forestry Bureau, Beichuan, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: This paper aimed to provide scientific advice on species selection and combination in order to shorten the process of vegetation restoration in the landslide sites of Wenchuan Earthquake. Based on 2 × 2 contingency tables and the importance values of dominant species, Χ2-test and Spearman rank correlation analysis were used to find out interspecific association and connections among these dominant species of different landslide sites, so that the available species and plant communities for the area of vegetation restoration could be searched out. Interspecific association of the whole vegetation community in the study area was shown to be significant (VR = 4.25) and stable. Simpson diversity index and Richness index of the non-damaged sample area were higher than the landslide disaster sample areas after natural recovery or artificial restoration. All together 48 kinds of dominant species were found out in the study area, with the majority herbaceous Compositae and Gramineae. Landslide disaster sample areas after natural recovery and artificial restoration were both dominated by herbaceous species, with a similar index of 0.30. The non-damaged sample area was dominated by trees (43.8%). According to Χ2-test, the positive association of 6.63% of the total species-pairs was significant; according to Spearman rank correlation analysis, the positive association of 9.01% of the total species-pairs was significant. At last, two combinations of species were suggested in artificial restoration of landslide sites, namely, "Robinia pseudoacacia - Rosa multiflora - Leptopus chinensis" and "Coriaria nepalensis - Buddleja lindleyana - Debregeasia orientalis". The study concluded that the earthquake landslide is now in the early vegetation succession. Based on the results we also advocate that shrubs and small trees be planted at the beginning of vegetation restoration.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Beichuan; Dominant species; Interspecific association; Landslide; Vegetation restoration; Wenchuan Earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Asteraceae; Buddleja lindleyana; Coriaria nepalensis; Debregeasia; Leptopus chinensis; Poaceae; Robinia pseudoacacia; Rosa multiflora
REFERENCES: Ecology and Environmental Sciences, (2012); 
China Mining Mag, (2009); 
Fundamentals of Ecology, (2007); 
Xu, Mengzhen, Mountain disaster chain induced by the Wenchuan earthquake in the Huoshiguo Gorge, Qinghua Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Tsinghua University, 50, 9, pp. 1338-1341, (2010); 
Cui, Peng, The Wenchuan Earthquake (May 12, 2008), Sichuan Province, China, and resulting geohazards, Natural Hazards, 56, 1, pp. 19-36, (2011); 
Yang, Cunjian, The vegetation damage assessment of the Wenchuan earthquake of May 2008 using remote sensing and GIS, Natural Hazards, 62, 1, pp. 45-55, (2012); 
Cui, Peng, Destruction of vegetation due to geo-hazards and its environmental impacts in the Wenchuan earthquake areas, Ecological Engineering, 44, pp. 61-69, (2012); 
Liu, Bintao, Dynamics of regional ecological frangibility under natural hazard stress: A case study in Qingping Town of Sichuan Province, Southwest China, Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 23, 1, pp. 193-198, (2012); 
Wu, Ning, A review of the impacts of earthquake on mountain ecosystems: Taking 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake as an example, Shengtai Xuebao, 28, 12, pp. 5810-5819, (2008); 
Wu, Cong, Effect of wenchuan earthquake on soil physical and chemical properties of the Longmen Mountain, Southwestern China, Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology, 18, 6, pp. 911-916, (2012)
PUBLISHER: Science Press
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; BRONZE OPEN ACCESS

Yuan, K.-G., Liu, T.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Yuan, Kaiguo (36717090000); Liu, Tan (57213151755)
36717090000; 57213151755
A study of natural recovery of vegetation in Wenchuan Earthquake affected zone via remotesensing
(2014), art. no. 6927871, pp. 166 - 170, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.1109/EORSA.2014.6927871
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84912139808&doi=10.1109%2FEORSA.2014.6927871&partnerID=40&md5=d49a5e81f25eb5ec629cb8134c3ddc15

AFFILIATIONS: Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Coal Resources Clean-utilization and Mine Environment Protection, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, China; College of Resources Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Based on multioral remote sensing data and spatial analysis of GIS, this paper analyzes the characteristics of the ecological destruction and recovery in the seriously damaged areas of Wenchuan Earthquake. By employing the TM, MODIS NDVI multioral data, it analyzes the changes in vegetation and using the Vegetation recovery rate to evaluate the recovery characteristics. The result shows that the forest and grassland areas declined significantly. The multioral NDVI data also shows the fluctuation before and after the earthquake. The average VRR was 37.4% until September 2009. The areas located on the slope base which had been corroded by flowing water and the steep mountain ridges are in undesirable situation. There are drought resistance shrub and grass growth beside the roads and dried vallies, and now they are spreading to the collapsed and landslide areas. The soil, climatic, and water-thermal-fertility conditions are the important factors for vegetation recovery. © 2014 IEEE.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Remote sensing monitoring; Vegetation Recovery; Vegetation Recovery Rate
INDEX KEYWORDS: Earthquakes; Recovery; Vegetation; Drought resistance; Forest and grassland; Natural recovery; Remote sensing data; Remote sensing monitoring; Spatial analysis; Vegetation recovery; Wenchuan Earthquake; Remote sensing
REFERENCES: Lin, Wentzu, Vegetation recovery monitoring and assessment at landslides caused by earthquake in Central Taiwan, Forest Ecology and Management, 210, 1-3, pp. 55-66, (2005); 
Lin, Wentzu, Eco-environmental changes assessment at the Chiufenershan landslide area caused by catastrophic earthquake in Central Taiwan, Ecological Engineering, 33, 3-4, pp. 220-232, (2008); 
Bao, Weikai, Ecological degradation in the Wenchuan Earthquake seriously affected region in Sichuan, China, Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology, 14, 4, pp. 441-444, (2008); 
Zhan, Xiwu, Detection of land cover changes using MODIS 250 m data, Remote Sensing of Environment, 83, 1-2, pp. 336-350, (2002); 
Lunetta, Ross S., Land-cover change detection using multi-temporal MODIS NDVI data, Remote Sensing of Environment, 105, 2, pp. 142-154, (2006); 
Moody, Aaron J., Land-surface phenologies from AVHRR using the discrete fourier transform, Remote Sensing of Environment, 75, 3, pp. 305-323, (2001); 
Tucker, Compton James, Satellite remote sensing of drought conditions, Remote Sensing of Environment, 23, 2, pp. 243-251, (1987); 
Journal of Remote Sensing, (1999); 
Sun, Rui, Distribution and seasonal change of net primary productivity in China from April, 1992 to March, 1993, Dili Xuebao/Acta Geographica Sinica, 55, 1, pp. 36-45, (2000); 
Acta Botanica Sinica, (2000)
PUBLISHER: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
SPONSORS: Central South University, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Chinese Academy of Forestry, et al., Hunan University of Science and Technology, Indiana State University
CONFERENCE NAME: 3rd International Workshop on Earth Observation and Remote Sensing Applications, EORSA 2014
CONFERENCE DATE: 2014-06-11 through 2014-06-14
CONFERENCE LOCATION: Changsha
CONFERENCE CODE: 108753
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Yang, C., Xinmin, L., Jianjing, Z., Zhiwei, C., Cong, S., Gao, G.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Yang, Changwei (55635393100); Xinmin, Liu (6602853286); Jianjing, Zhang (56181961500); Zhiwei, Chen (57501692600); Cong, Shi (56183072100); Gao, Hongbo (57195674051)
55635393100; 6602853286; 56181961500; 57501692600; 56183072100; 57195674051
Analysis on mechanism of landslides under ground shaking: a typical landslide in the Wenchuan earthquake
(2014) Environmental Earth Sciences, 72 (9), pp. 3457 - 3466, Cited 16 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s12665-014-3251-4
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84919874599&doi=10.1007%2Fs12665-014-3251-4&partnerID=40&md5=935536a1078a96f254c606af0a688ee4

AFFILIATIONS: MOE Key Laboratory of High-speed Railway Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Department of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; School of Civil Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, Henan, China; Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, Henan, China
ABSTRACT: A high steep rock hill with two-side slopes near National Road 213 is used as a prototype in this paper. The full process from initial deformation to sliding of the slope during ground shaking is simulated by a new discrete element method—continuum-based discrete element method. Then, the seismic responses of a high steep rock hill with two-side slopes are researched from the base of time, frequency and joint time–frequency domain using Hilbert–Huang transform and Fourier Transform. The findings are: first, the stress concentration phenomenon occurs at the top of the sliding mass, and then some tension and shear failure points appear, which expand from the top toward the toe of the sliding mass along the structural plane. At the same time, the number of tension failure points gradually increases. Then the toe of the sliding mass fails, and shears out from its toe which results in the landslide. If the material parameters are under the same conditions, the landslide in the middle of the slope occurs before that at the foot of slope, and the starting time of landslide and the arrival time of the peak ground acceleration are synchronous or the former slightly lags behind the latter. The difference of distribution and dissipation of earthquake energy in the sliding body and sliding bed is the major influence factor to induce the landslide. When the accelerations are small, the instantaneous frequency of accelerations between sliding bed and sliding body is generally consistent, the energy transmittance coefficients of the sliding structural plane and the controlled frequency band of the energy all range in a limitation; with the increase of the seismic intensity, the instantaneous frequency and the energy transmittance coefficients gradually decrease, and then they are steady within the lower limitation. At the same time, the controlled frequency band also shifts gradually from high frequency band to the lower one. Based on the input seismic wave, the peak acceleration amplifies as the increase of elevation, regardless of the monitoring points on the steep slope, gentle slope side or inside of the slope. Generally speaking, amplification of the vertical peak acceleration is stronger than that of the horizontal peak acceleration, and amplification of the peak acceleration on a steep slope is stronger than that on a gentle slope, and that of inside of the slope is the weakest amplification. © 2014, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: CDEM; Earthquake; Hilbert–Huang transform; Landslide
INDEX KEYWORDS: Acceleration; Amplification; Earthquakes; Frequency domain analysis; Mathematical transformations; Frequency bands; CDEM; Concentration phenomena; Horizontal peak acceleration; Huang transform; Instantaneous frequency; Peak ground acceleration; Transmittance coefficient; Vertical peak acceleration; Landslides; arrival time; deformation mechanism; discrete element method; landslide; peak acceleration; S-wave; seismic response; Sichuan earthquake 2008; sliding; slope angle; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Ashford, Scott A., Topographic effects on the seismic response of steep slopes, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 87, 3, pp. 701-709, (1997); 
Bird, Juliet F., Earthquake losses due to ground failure, Engineering Geology, 75, 2, pp. 147-179, (2004); 
Bourdeau, Céline, Site effects modelling applied to the slope affected by the Suusamyr earthquake (Kyrgyzstan, 1992), Engineering Geology, 97, 3-4, pp. 126-145, (2008); 
Earthquake Spectra, (2004); 
Chigira, Masahiro, Landslides induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China, Geomorphology, 118, 3-4, pp. 225-238, (2010); 
Cui, Peng, The 12 May Wenchuan earthquake-induced landslide lakes: Distribution and preliminary risk evaluation, Landslides, 6, 3, pp. 209-223, (2009); 
Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011); 
Del Gaudio, Vincenzo, Advances and problems in understanding the seismic response of potentially unstable slopes, Engineering Geology, 122, 1-2, pp. 73-83, (2011); 
Feng, Wenkai, Preliminary study on mechanical mechanism of slope earthquake-induced deformation, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 28, SUPPL. 1, pp. 3124-3130, (2009); 
Havenith, Hans Balder, Site effect analysis around the seismically induced Ananevo rockslide, Kyrgyzstan, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 92, 8, pp. 3190-3209, (2002)
PUBLISHER: Springer Verlag
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Liu, J., You, Y., Chen, X., Liu, J., Chen, X.-Z.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Liu, Jinfeng (59454532200); You, Yong (35811595800); Chen, Xiaoqing (55739112600); Liu, Jiankang (57211424686); Chen, Xingzhang (25623240400)
59454532200; 35811595800; 55739112600; 57211424686; 25623240400
Characteristics and hazard prediction of large-scale debris flow of Xiaojia Gully in Yingxiu Town, Sichuan Province, China
(2014) Engineering Geology, 180, pp. 55 - 67, Cited 59 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2014.03.017
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84908391336&doi=10.1016%2Fj.enggeo.2014.03.017&partnerID=40&md5=7b347b85f9e147c9f1dda20ba0a2c9ee

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; School of Environment and Resource, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: The Wenchuan earthquake of May 12, 2008 produced large amounts of loose solid material that can lead to the development of devastating debris flows. In 5years since the earthquake, large numbers of large-scale debris flows occurred and caused great damage to the resettled population and the reconstruction efforts. The reconstructed Yingxiu Town suffered debris flow and its secondary disaster in the past 5years, and will be in the risk range of debris flow hazard in the future. It is very important to predict debris flow and its secondary hazard (especially the dam-breaking flood) near the town. The debris flow of the Xiaojia Gully was described and analyzed as a typical large-scale case in the Yingxiu area. The study aimed to describe the debris flow event, investigate the sediment supply conditions, analyze the characteristics of the debris flow deposition, calculate the river-blocking parameters, and predict the damage of dam-breaking flood to Yingxiu Town under different debris flow frequencies. Debris flows in Xiaojia Gully were well developed and occurred several times, resulting in frequent interruption of traffic on the S303 road. The interpretation of satellite images showed that landslide deposition, channel deposition, and soil erosion sediment were three kinds of sediment supply types for debris flow formation. 188 sediment supply sites in total were identified in the catchment. The total area for the supply of sediment for debris flows is about 0.99km2, giving a total volume of 532.09×104m3. If the Yuzi River is blocked by debris flow material, the dam-breaking flood can cause potential damage to the newly constructed Yingxiu Town. The calculation results reveal that debris flows with a frequency of 5% and 10% are impossible to cause river-blockage, and consequently, the Yingxiu Town is safe in these situations. However, debris flows with a frequency of 1% and 2% may cause river blockage and the dam-breaking flood can cause damage to the Yingxiu Town. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flow; Disaster characteristics; Hazard prediction; Runout distance; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Debris flows; Hazard prediction; Runout distances; Sichuan province; Wenchuan Earthquake; debris flow; disaster management; earthquake damage; environmental impact; flood; hazard assessment; landslide; prediction; risk assessment; Sichuan earthquake 2008; soil erosion; China; Sichuan; Yingxiu
REFERENCES: Journal of Sediment Research, (2002); 
Chen, Hongxin, Mechanisms and runout characteristics of the rainfall-triggered debris flow in Xiaojiagou in Sichuan Province, China, Natural Hazards, 62, 3, pp. 1037-1057, (2012); 
Chen, Hongxin, Hybrid simulation of the initiation and runout characteristics of a catastrophic debris flow, Journal of Mountain Science, 10, 2, pp. 219-232, (2013); 
Cui, Peng, Characteristics and countermeasures of debris flow in Wenchuan area after the earthquake, Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 42, 5, pp. 10-19, (2010); 
Cui, Peng, The Wenchuan Earthquake (May 12, 2008), Sichuan Province, China, and resulting geohazards, Natural Hazards, 56, 1, pp. 19-36, (2011); 
Cui, Peng, Prediction of debris-flow danger area by combining hydrological and inundation simulation methods, Journal of Mountain Science, 8, 1, pp. 1-9, (2011); 
Movement Mechanism and Disaster Control for Debris Flow, (2004); 
J Catastrophology, (2012); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2010); 
Huang, Runqiu, Mechanism and geo-mechanics models of landslides triggered by 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake, Journal of Mountain Science, 8, 2, pp. 200-210, (2011)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Dai, Z., Huang, Y., Cheng, H., Xu, Q.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Dai, Zili (54398313300); Huang, Yu (57204857931); Cheng, Hualin (57199118591); Xu, Qiang (56506033600)
54398313300; 57204857931; 57199118591; 56506033600
3D numerical modeling using smoothed particle hydrodynamics of flow-like landslide propagation triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake
(2014) Engineering Geology, 180, pp. 21 - 33, Cited 160 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2014.03.018
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84908381159&doi=10.1016%2Fj.enggeo.2014.03.018&partnerID=40&md5=3deb6fc81e96a9df87d196f35a9689ab

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Geotechnical Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Engineering, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: The extremely strong Wenchuan earthquake triggered thousands of landslides in Sichuan Province, China. Flow-like landslides, such as the Tangjiashan, Wangjiayan, and Donghekou landslides were among the most destructive, causing many casualties and serious economic damage. It is therefore important to identify the flow mechanisms and investigate the specific characteristics of these flow-like landslides. This paper presents a three-dimensional model based on smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) to simulate rapid landslide motion across 3D terrain. The Navier-Stokes equations in a CFD framework are used as governing equations, and artificial viscosity is incorporated into the pressure terms in the momentum equation to dissipate energy to avoid numerical oscillation and particle penetration, thus improving the stability of the numerical results. A non-Newtonian fluid model, the Bingham model, has proven suitable for describing the relationship between the shear strain rate and the shear stress in highly deformed soil materials. In the proposed model it is used as the constitutive model to describe the fluidization characteristics of flow-like landslides combined with the Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion. The model incorporates a no-slip boundary condition, to consider the effect of a solid boundary on slope movement. Ghost particles are created and assigned an artificial velocity. The viscous force caused by the solid boundary is calculated using the relative velocities between the fluid and the boundary particles. Open Multiprocessing (OpenMP), an API for multi-platform shared-memory parallel programming, is used to improve the efficiency of the SPH code running. To show the validity of the proposed approach, a benchmark problem of 3D dam break was simulated. The calculated distances of the surge front at different times agree well with the test results. Numerical modeling of the propagation of the Tangjiashan, Wangjiayan, and Donghekou landslides was performed by the application of SPH models to real flow-like landslides. The whole flow processes of these flow-like landslides across the 3D terrain are represented. The landslides change direction, split or join in, and spread or contract in their flow path in response to the local topography. Time-history curves of the velocity and displacement were obtained to analyze the movement characteristics of the landslide mass. The shapes of the deposition zones after slide occurrence were investigated. Comparisons of the SPH simulated geometry and the surveyed landslide configurations for the Tangjiashan, Wangjiayan and Donghekou landslides were conducted, and show a high degree of similarity. This indicates that the proposed 3D SPH model can accurately represent the evolution of the final slide shape. The prediction of the fluidization characteristics of earthquake-induced flow-like landslides can notably reduce sudden loss of life, as it provides a means for mapping hazardous areas, for estimating the hazard intensity, and for identification and design of appropriate protective measures. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Flow-like landslides; Hazard assessment; Smoothed particle hydrodynamics; Three-dimensional numerical simulation; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: 3D modeling; Application programming interfaces (API); Computational fluid dynamics; Earthquakes; Fluidization; Hazards; Landslides; Navier Stokes equations; Non Newtonian flow; Non Newtonian liquids; Numerical models; Parallel programming; Shear strain; Shear stress; Strain rate; Topography; Viscous flow; Fluidization characteristics; Hazard Assessment; Mohr Coulomb yield criterion; No-slip boundary conditions; Shared memory parallel programming; Smoothed particle hydrodynamics; Three-dimensional numerical simulations; Wenchuan Earthquake; Hydrodynamics; boundary condition; computational fluid dynamics; extreme event; geological mapping; hazard assessment; hydrodynamics; landslide; modeling; Navier-Stokes equations; Sichuan earthquake 2008; three-dimensional modeling; topographic effect; trigger mechanism; China; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Blanc, Thomas, Depth integrated modelling of fast landslide propagation, European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering, 15, SUPPL.1, pp. 51-72, (2011); 
Bonet, Javier, Remarks on tension instability of Eulerian and Lagrangian corrected smooth particle hydrodynamics (CSPH) methods, International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 52, 11, pp. 1203-1220, (2001); 
Bui, Ha H., SPH-based numerical simulations for large deformation of geomaterial considering soil-structure interaction, 1, pp. 570-578, (2008); 
Capone, Tatiana, SPH modelling of water waves generated by submarine landslides, Journal of Hydraulic Research/De Recherches Hydrauliques, 48, SUPPL. 1, pp. 80-84, (2010); 
Chen, Hong, Runout analysis of slurry flows with Bingham model, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering - ASCE, 128, 12, pp. 1032-1042, (2002); 
Collins, Brian D., Stability of steep slopes in cemented sands, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering - ASCE, 137, 1, pp. 43-51, (2010); 
Das, Raj, Effect of rock shapes on brittle fracture using Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics, Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics, 53, 1, pp. 47-60, (2010); 
Ding, Mingtao, Accumulation landslide stability analysis based on FLAC numerical simulation, Disaster Advances, 5, 4, pp. 1783-1790, (2012); 
Domínguez, J. M., Neighbour lists in smoothed particle hydrodynamics, International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids, 67, 12, pp. 2026-2042, (2011); 
Dyka, Carl T., An approach for tension instability in smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH), Computers and Structures, 57, 4, pp. 573-580, (1995)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zhang, Y., Cheng, Y., Yin, Y., Lan, H., Wang, J., Fu, X.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhang, Yongshuang (55883678200); Cheng, Yuliang (55960618500); Yin, Yueping (55687306100); Lan, Hengxing (7102710925); Wang, Jun (55961808400); Fu, Xiaoxiao (56004863000)
55883678200; 55960618500; 55687306100; 7102710925; 55961808400; 56004863000
High-position debris flow: A long-term active geohazard after the Wenchuan earthquake
(2014) Engineering Geology, 180, pp. 45 - 54, Cited 75 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2014.05.014
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84908376010&doi=10.1016%2Fj.enggeo.2014.05.014&partnerID=40&md5=53916c75a56f890bb497b48bdbf06484

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China; Sichuan Academy of Geological Survey, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; China Geological Environmental Monitoring Institute, Beijing, China; Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: After the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan, a special type of long-term active compounded geohazard, namely high-position debris flow, frequently occurred in the seismic area. 136 high-position debris flow gullies were recognized from the 796 active debris flow gullies to investigate distinctive characteristics of such debris flows in terms of their geomorphological conditions, spatial distribution and causal factors. They usually initiate at high steep slopes and have high mobility and long runout. High-position debris flows have significantly larger magnitude and destructive force than those of common debris flows observed in the regions not affected by recent large earthquake. The high-position debris flows have been recognized as the most threatening geohazards among post-earthquake geological disasters in the Wenchuan earthquake region. Detailed investigation on 45 debris flows suggests three quantitative indices for recognizing the high-position debris flows: (i) the height difference between the material source and the debris flow exit or gully mouth should be larger than 350m; (ii) the volume of source debris accumulation should be bigger than 1.0×106m3; and (iii) the gradient ratio of a debris flow channel should be steeper than 270‰. The spatial distribution of high-position debris flows was highly controlled by the seismogenic fault. Due to the abundant loose materials caused by earthquake, the rainfall threshold triggering high-position debris flows was found to have decreased at least 36.4-63.7% when compared to the pre-earthquake one. Three disaster-forming models have been identified for the high-position debris flows in the Wenchuan earthquake region. The long-term post-earthquake effect of high-position debris flow is becoming more concerned in the area of high intensity. The characteristics of long-term activity of high-position debris flows using a case study indicate a 15years of extremely active period after a strong earthquake such as the Wenchuan one. A number of issues regarding the classification, investigation, runout prediction and controlling measures for high-position debris flow are discussed to provide insight into the foundation for high-position debris flow mitigation and its risk assessment. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Complex characteristics; High-position debris flow; Long-term activity; Post-earthquake geohazard; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Complex characteristics; Debris flows; Geo hazards; Wenchuan Earthquake; debris flow; earthquake intensity; fault; geoaccumulation; gully erosion; hazard assessment; risk assessment; Sichuan earthquake 2008; slope; spatial distribution; trigger mechanism; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Boultbee, Nichole L., The Zymoetz River rock avalanche, June 2002, British Columbia, Canada, Engineering Geology, 83, 1-3, pp. 76-93, (2006); 
Caine, Nel, The rainfall intensity-duration control of shallow landslides and debris flows., Geografiska Annaler, Series A: Physical Geography, 62, 1-2, pp. 23-27, (1980); 
Chen, Ningsheng, The critical rainfall characteristics for torrents and debris flows in the Wenchuan earthquake stricken area, Journal of Mountain Science, 6, 4, pp. 362-372, (2009); 
On Wenchuan Seismological Engineering Geology and Geological Hazard, (2013); 
Cruden, David M., Landslide types and processes, Special Report - National Research Council, Transportation Research Board, 247, pp. 36-75, (1996); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2008); 
Cui, Peng, The Wenchuan Earthquake (May 12, 2008), Sichuan Province, China, and resulting geohazards, Natural Hazards, 56, 1, pp. 19-36, (2011); 
Fiorillo, Francesco, Rainfall induced debris flows in pyroclastic deposits, Campania (southern Italy), Engineering Geology, 75, 3-4, pp. 263-289, (2004); 
Guzzetti, Fausto, The rainfall intensity-duration control of shallow landslides and debris flows: An update, Landslides, 5, 1, pp. 3-17, (2008); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2011)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Cui, P., Guo, C.-X., Zhou, Z., Hao, M.-H., Xu, F.-G.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Cui, Peng (56706923500); Guo, Chaoxu (56148683500); Zhou, Jia-wen (14064231100); Hao, Minghui (55444320000); Xu, Fugang (55217483800)
56706923500; 56148683500; 14064231100; 55444320000; 55217483800
The mechanisms behind shallow failures in slopes comprised of landslide deposits
(2014) Engineering Geology, 180, pp. 34 - 44, Cited 104 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2014.04.009
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84908371359&doi=10.1016%2Fj.enggeo.2014.04.009&partnerID=40&md5=2674392bd6ac973c2216491a448cdc48

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; College of Water Resources and Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: In areas hit by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake that occurred in Sichuan Province, China, debris flows are often generated from landslide deposits during heavy rainstorms. The broadly graded and unconsolidated landslide deposits respond to rainfall in very complex mechanical and hydraulic manners. An artificial rainfall test was conducted to simulate the rainfall infiltration and surface runoff processes occurring on the landslide deposit slope at the Wenjiagou Gully, China, with heavy rainfall rates (140. mm/h) incorporated. An innovative flume was designed to collect the slope interflow and surface runoff separately. Sensors to monitor the pore water content (PWP) and volumetric water content (VWC) were deployed. The results indicated that there were four stages in the hydrological response of landslide deposits during the artificial rain event: infiltration, a slow increase in interflow (surface runoff begins), a rapid increase in interflow (surface runoff slowly increases) and a steady state. Bed gradient increase will lead to PWP rapidly ascending and regressive failure happening. Concomitant with the observed increases in PWP and VWC, the shear strength of the landslide deposits decreased and led to the occurrence of small-scale shallow failures. Surface runoff, interflow and fine particle migration effects are presented to interpret the process of shallow failure. And although shallow slope failure is the result of interaction with the above three factors induced by rainfall, the key underlying factor is the characteristically loose structure of landslide deposits. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Fine particle migration; Landslide deposit; Rainfall infiltration; Shallow failure; Surface runoff
INDEX KEYWORDS: Fine particles; Landslide deposits; Rainfall infiltration; Surface runoffs; debris flow; infiltration; landslide; porewater; rainfall; runoff; shear strength; slope failure; China; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Blatz, James A., Effects of near-surface environmental conditions on instability of an unsaturated soil slope, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 41, 6, pp. 1111-1126, (2004); 
Bovis, Michael J., The role of debris supply conditions in predicting debris flow activity, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 24, 11, pp. 1039-1054, (1999); 
Cai, Fei, Numerical analysis of rainfall effects on slope stability, International Journal of Geomechanics, 4, 2, pp. 69-78, (2004); 
Chen, Ningsheng, The critical rainfall characteristics for torrents and debris flows in the Wenchuan earthquake stricken area, Journal of Mountain Science, 6, 4, pp. 362-372, (2009); 
Chen, N. Sh, The processes and mechanism of failure and debris flow initiation for gravel soil with different clay content, Geomorphology, 121, 3-4, pp. 222-230, (2010); 
Ridong, Chen, Numerical simulation of deposit in confluence zone of debris flow and mainstream, Science China Technological Sciences, 54, 10, pp. 2618-2628, (2011); 
Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation, (2007); 
Collins, Brian D., Stability analyses of rainfall induced landslides, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering - ASCE, 130, 4, pp. 362-372, (2004); 
Chinese Science Bulletin, (1992); 
Cui, Peng, The Wenchuan Earthquake (May 12, 2008), Sichuan Province, China, and resulting geohazards, Natural Hazards, 56, 1, pp. 19-36, (2011)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zhang, L.M., Zhang, S., Huang, R.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhang, Limin Min (58883008100); Zhang, Shuai (55092670700); Huang, Runqiu (55835407700)
58883008100; 55092670700; 55835407700
Multi-hazard scenarios and consequences in Beichuan, China: The first five years after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake
(2014) Engineering Geology, 180, pp. 4 - 20, Cited 75 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2014.03.020
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84908296072&doi=10.1016%2Fj.enggeo.2014.03.020&partnerID=40&md5=63237b5f0a06fced0e27f512e1f0a44c

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: Risk assessment for engineering construction, public safety and city planning must answer three questions: (1) What can go wrong? (2) What is the likelihood that it will go wrong? (3) What are the consequences if it goes wrong? All the three questions are difficult to answer. Often "unexpected" hazard scenarios arising from cascading effects lead to disastrous consequences because such hazards are not prepared for. During the Wenchuan earthquake in 2008 and in the subsequent five years, the Beichuan town in northern Sichuan experienced extraordinary hazards, which impacted upon every corner of the town. A systematic study of such hazard scenarios would provide the required evidence for properly answering the aforementioned questions. This paper starts with an overview of the disaster chain in the Beichuan town triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake. It then describes seven episodes of hazards in the town and the extremely severe consequences of these hazards. The hazards included a strong earthquake, multiple large landslides, dam-breaching floods, large-scale debris flows, severe sedimentation, change of river course, and flooding/scouring. The interactions among these hazards are discussed. Finally, a protocol for identifying geohazards triggered by a strong earthquake is suggested. The protocol emphasizes hazard interactions and the concept of the hazard lifecycle, and helps enhance the engineering geological practices. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Dam breach; Debris flows; Flooding; Hazards; Landslides; Risk assessment
INDEX KEYWORDS: Hazards; Landslides; Risk assessment; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Dam breach; Debris flows; Hazard scenarios; Oil well flooding; construction method; debris flow; disaster management; hazard assessment; landslide; safety; seismic hazard; Sichuan earthquake 2008; strong motion; urban planning; Beichuan; China; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Proc International Workshop on Frontier Technologies for Infrastructures Engineering, (2008); 
Beichuan Historic Site; 
Beichuan County Population Statistics; 
Earthquake Relief for Beichuan Middle School; 
Bhandary, Netra P., Areal distribution of large-scale landslides along highway corridors in central Nepal, Georisk, 7, 1, pp. 1-20, (2013); 
Beichuan Casualty Statistics as of 23 June 2008, (2008); 
Chang, Dongsheng, Simulation of the erosion process of landslide dams due to overtopping considering variations in soil erodibility along depth, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 10, 4, pp. 933-946, (2010); 
Chang, Dongsheng, Field testing of erodibility of two landslide dams triggered by the 12 May Wenchuan earthquake, Landslides, 8, 3, pp. 321-332, (2011); 
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Cui, Peng, The 12 May Wenchuan earthquake-induced landslide lakes: Distribution and preliminary risk evaluation, Landslides, 6, 3, pp. 209-223, (2009)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Peng, M., Zhang, L.M., Chang, D.S., Shi, Z.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Peng, Ming (37108434300); Zhang, Limin Min (58883008100); Chang, Dongsheng (36088467500); Shi, Zhenming (7403734462)
37108434300; 58883008100; 36088467500; 7403734462
Engineering risk mitigation measures for the landslide dams induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake
(2014) Engineering Geology, 180, pp. 68 - 84, Cited 94 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2014.03.016
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84908273465&doi=10.1016%2Fj.enggeo.2014.03.016&partnerID=40&md5=ac09656be652026454328727c2d69a9c

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Geotechnical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Engineering, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China; Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong; AECOM Technology Corporation, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
ABSTRACT: More than 257 sizable landslide dams were induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, which required timely risk mitigation measures. This paper aims to summarize the engineering measures taken to mitigate the landslide-dam risks; provide a method for optimal design of spillways to minimize the risks; and quantitatively evaluate practical options for spillway design with a physically-based dam breach model. The engineering measures taken to mitigate the risks of 37 highly hazardous landslide dams induced by the Wenchuan earthquake are summarized. An optimization method is proposed and applied to the spillway design for the Tangjiashan landslide dam, which is the largest one caused by the Wenchuan earthquake. It is found that the peak outflow rate could be reduced from the recorded 6500m3/s to 2900m3/s using the optimal design. A spillway with a shallow and broad cross section is suitable for low-erodibility dams, while a spillway with a deep and narrow cross section is suitable for high-erodibility dams. A spillway with a large longitudinal gradient is beneficial for high-erodibility dams with large dam widths and gentle downstream dam slopes. A spillway close to one bank can reduce the peak outflow rate if the bank is erosion resistant. © 2014 Elsevier B.V..
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Dam breach; Erosion; Landslide dam; Landslides; Risk assessment; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Dams; Earthquakes; Erosion; Landslides; Optimal systems; Risk assessment; Spillways; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Dam breach; Engineering measures; Landslide dam; Longitudinal gradients; Optimization method; Tangjiashan landslides; Wenchuan Earthquake; Design; dam failure; earthquake damage; erodibility; landslide; mitigation; optimization; risk assessment; Sichuan earthquake 2008; slope failure; spillway
REFERENCES: undefined; 
NATO Advanced Research Workshop Extended Abstract Volume, (2004); 
Chang, Dongsheng, Simulation of the erosion process of landslide dams due to overtopping considering variations in soil erodibility along depth, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 10, 4, pp. 933-946, (2010); 
Chang, Dongsheng, Field testing of erodibility of two landslide dams triggered by the 12 May Wenchuan earthquake, Landslides, 8, 3, pp. 321-332, (2011); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2010); 
Chin J Mt Sci, (2011); 
Cui, Peng, Landslide-dammed lake at Tangjiashan, Sichuan province, China (triggered by the Wenchuan Earthquake, May 12, 2008): Risk assessment, mitigation strategy, and lessons learned, Environmental Earth Sciences, 65, 4, pp. 1055-1065, (2012); 
Cui, Peng, The 12 May Wenchuan earthquake-induced landslide lakes: Distribution and preliminary risk evaluation, Landslides, 6, 3, pp. 209-223, (2009); 
Yangtze River, (2008); 
Dong, J. J., The formation and breach of a short-lived landslide dam at Hsiaolin village, Taiwan - Part I: Post-event reconstruction of dam geometry, Engineering Geology, 123, 1-2, pp. 40-59, (2011)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zhou, W., Tang, C.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhou, Wei (55443778400); Tang, Chuan (35932953300)
55443778400; 35932953300
Rainfall thresholds for debris flow initiation in the Wenchuan earthquake-stricken area, southwestern China
(2014) Landslides, 11 (5), pp. 877 - 887, Cited 139 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s10346-013-0421-5
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84958942278&doi=10.1007%2Fs10346-013-0421-5&partnerID=40&md5=c9a20d09bf20af8db0cf7bd6ec50520c

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: The Wenchuan earthquake-stricken area is frequently hit by heavy rainfall, which often triggers sediment-related disasters, such as shallow landslides, debris flows, and related natural events, sometimes causing tremendous damage to lives, property, infrastructure, and environment. The assessment of the rainfall thresholds for debris flow occurrence is very important in order to improve forecasting and for risk management. In the context of the Wenchuan earthquake-stricken area, however, the rainfall thresholds for triggering debris flows are not well understood. With the aim of defining the critical rainfall thresholds for this area, a detailed analysis of the main rainstorm events was carried out. This paper presents 11 rainfall events that induced debris flows which occurred between 2008 and 2012 after the Wenchuan earthquake. The rainfall thresholds were defined in terms of mean rainfall intensity I, rainfall duration D, and normalized using the mean annual precipitation (MAP). An ID threshold and a normalized I<inf>MAP</inf>D threshold graph could be set up for the Wenchuan earthquake-stricken area which forms the lower boundary of the domain with debris flow-triggering rainfall events. The rainfall threshold curves obtained for the study area were compared with the local, regional, and global curves proposed by various authors. The results suggest that debris flow initiation in the study area almost requires a higher amount of rainfall and greater intensity than elsewhere. The comparison of rainfall intensity prior to and after the earthquake clearly indicates that the critical rainfall intensity necessary to trigger debris flows decreased after the earthquake. Rainfall thresholds presented in this paper are generalized, so that they can be used in debris flow warning systems in areas with the same geology as the Wenchuan earthquake-stricken area. © 2013, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Critical rainfall; Debris flow; ID threshold; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Debris; Earthquakes; Flow graphs; Geophysics; Precipitation (meteorology); Risk assessment; Risk management; Storms; Critical rainfall; Critical rainfall intensities; Critical rainfall thresholds; Debris flows; ID threshold; Mean annual precipitation; Sediment-related disaster; Wenchuan Earthquake; Rain
REFERENCES: Brunetti, Maria Teresa, Rainfall thresholds for the possible occurrence of landslides in Italy, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 10, 3, pp. 447-458, (2010); 
Caine, Nel, The rainfall intensity-duration control of shallow landslides and debris flows., Geografiska Annaler, Series A: Physical Geography, 62, 1-2, pp. 23-27, (1980); 
Cannon, Susan H., Storm rainfall conditions for floods and debris flows from recently burned areas in southwestern Colorado and southern California, Geomorphology, 96, 3-4, pp. 250-269, (2008); 
Chang, Fi John, Investigating the impact of the Chi-Chi earthquake on the occurrence of debris flows using artificial neural networks, Hydrological Processes, 23, 19, pp. 2728-2736, (2009); 
Chang, Chiwen, Estimation of sediment volume of debris flow caused by extreme rainfall in Taiwan, Engineering Geology, 123, 1-2, pp. 83-90, (2011); 
Chen, Jinnchyi, Variability of impact of earthquake on debris-flow triggering conditions: Case study of Chen-Yu-Lan watershed, Taiwan, Environmental Earth Sciences, 64, 7, pp. 1787-1794, (2011); 
Chen, Hongey, Relationship between earthquake disturbance, tropical rainstorms and debris movement: An overview from Taiwan, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 68, 2, pp. 161-186, (2009); 
Chen, Chienyuan, Rainfall duration and debris-flow initiated studies for real-time monitoring, Environmental Geology, 47, 5, pp. 715-724, (2005); 
Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Landslides, (2000); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2008)
PUBLISHER: Springer Verlag service@springer.de
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Li, X., Kong, J.-M.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Li, Xiuzhen (56237865700); Kong, Jiming (55793897000)
56237865700; 55793897000
Comparative analysis of development law and characteristics of secondary geo-hazard induced by Lushan and Wenchuan earthquakes
(2014) Journal of Natural Disasters, 23 (5), pp. 11 - 18, Cited 7 times.
DOI: 10.13577/j.jnd.2014.0502
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84924053628&doi=10.13577%2Fj.jnd.2014.0502&partnerID=40&md5=7e4da41e3152099ac3501ce042becb2c

AFFILIATIONS: Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Lushan earthquake is another strong earthquake along the Longmenshan fault after Wenchuan earthquake in 2008. The two earthquakes induced a number of secondary geological hazards, such as avalanches, landslides and unstable slopes. The geo-hazards in the two earthquakes have certain similarities and obvious differences because of the differences in the magnitudes, duration and geology background conditions of the two earthquakes. In this paper, the environmental background conditions, distributive development law, types and characteristics of secondary geo-hazard induced by the two earthquakes were comparatively analyzed in order to find out the development law and the evolution tendency of secondary geo-hazard induced by earthquakes along the Longmenshan fault. This may provide a reference for disaster scientific prevention and mitigation in the post-earthquake reconstruction.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Characteristics; Distribution law; Lushan earthquake; Secondary geological hazards; Types; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: comparative study; disaster management; earthquake magnitude; earthquake mechanism; fault zone; hazard assessment; Lushan earthquake 2013; seismic hazard; Sichuan earthquake 2008; China; Longmenshan Fault Zone; Sichuan
REFERENCES: undefined; 
undefined; 
undefined; 
Wenchuan Earthquake of 2008 Anatomy of A Disaster, (2011); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2009); 
Xu, Chong, Statistical analysis of characteristic parameters of landslides triggered by May 12, 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Journal of Natural Disasters, 20, 4, pp. 147-153, (2011); 
Li, Chengshuai, Rapid assessment of direct economic loss caused by Ms 7.0 Lushan, Sichuan earthquake, Journal of Natural Disasters, 22, 3, pp. 9-17, (2013); 
Journal of Stratigraphy, (2000); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2009); 
Regional Geology of Sichuan Province, (2025)
PUBLISHER: Science Press
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Jiang, L., Liu, D., Jiang, Y.H., Fang, H.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Jiang, Ling (55197801300); Liu, Desheng (55577793400); Jiang, Yuhong (7404832288); Fang, Hao (55490680900)
55197801300; 55577793400; 7404832288; 55490680900
Landside susceptibility assessment based on weighted information value model: A case study of Wenchuan earthquake 10 degree region
(2014), art. no. 6910655, Cited 3 times.
DOI: 10.1109/Agro-Geoinformatics.2014.6910655
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84909993118&doi=10.1109%2FAgro-Geoinformatics.2014.6910655&partnerID=40&md5=494277c3f7cb4b65c25b238cb345e196

AFFILIATIONS: School of Resources and Environment, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Department of Geography, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Information value model is a widely used landslide susceptibility assessment method. However, it neglects the weights of different factors. This paper proposes the weighted information value model based on AHP. The impact of seismic intensity (SC), land-use types (LUT), lithology types(LT), fault density (FD), terrain (T) and rainfall(R) on landslide in the 512 Wenchuan earthquake-hit 10 degree region of the Longmenshan fault zone(LFZ) is assessed with GIS spatial analysis. According to the weighted information value of these controlling factors, the study area can be divided into five classes: extremely, high, intermediate, low and very low susceptible areas for landslide occurrence. © 2014 IEEE.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: AHP; landslide; susceptibility; weighted information value
INDEX KEYWORDS: Faulting; Hierarchical systems; Land use; Landslides; Lithology; Magnetic susceptibility; 512 wenchuan earthquakes; Controlling factors; Information value; Landslide susceptibility assessments; Longmenshan fault zone; Seismic intensity; Spatial analysis; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes
REFERENCES: Geological Science and Technology Information, (2000); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2002); 
Earth Science Frontiers, (2001); 
Wu, Shuren, Assessments of landslide hazards in Fengdu County, Chongqing City, Three Gorges reservoir region of the Yangtze River, China, Geological Bulletin of China, 26, 5, pp. 574-582, (2007); 
Zhang, Chunshan, Assessments of geohazard danger zoning in Longxian County, Shaanxi, China, Geological Bulletin of China, 27, 11, pp. 1795-1801, (2008); 
Shen-Yong, R., Application of Gis-based information model on assesment of geological hazards risk, Journal of the Chengdu Institute of Technology, 28, 1, pp. 89-92, (2001); 
Acta Geoscientica Sinica, (2005); 
Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment, (2004); 
Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control, (2003); 
Xu, Chong, GIS-based landslide susceptibility assessment using analytical hierarchy process in wenchuan earthquake region, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 28, SUPPL. 2, pp. 3978-3985, (2009)
PUBLISHER: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
SPONSORS: Chinese Society of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, et al., Geoscience and Remote Sensing Society (GRSS), Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC), State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs of China
CONFERENCE NAME: 2014 3rd International Conference on Agro-Geoinformatics, Agro-Geoinformatics 2014
CONFERENCE DATE: 2014-08-11 through 2014-08-14
CONFERENCE LOCATION: Beijing
CONFERENCE CODE: 114697
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Chen, X., You, Y., Chen, J., Huang, K., Li, D.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Chen, Xiaoqing (55739112600); You, Yong (35811595800); Chen, Jiangang (56013367200); Huang, Kai (59814894600); Li, Deji (55636148800)
55739112600; 35811595800; 56013367200; 59814894600; 55636148800
Characteristics of a drainage channel with staggered indented sills for controlling debris flows
(2014) Journal of Mountain Science, 11 (5), pp. 1242 - 1252, Cited 14 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11629-013-2917-9
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84919880998&doi=10.1007%2Fs11629-013-2917-9&partnerID=40&md5=ed70cb18625450ec72ee409e827ee09a

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: The characteristics of a new type of drainage channel with staggered indented sills for controlling debris flows were studied. The intermediate fluid in the non-viscous debris flow exhibited a helical movement, whereas the fluid near the sidewall had a stop-start movement pattern; the viscous debris flow exhibited a stable structure between the indented sills. The experimental results indicate that the mean velocity of the debris flow increased with increasing channel gradients, and the debris flow velocity was slightly affected by the angle of the sills. The average velocity of the non-viscous debris flow increased in the range of (0.5–1.5) interval between the indented sills, whereas the average velocity of the viscous debris flow increased initially and then decreased in the range of (0.75–1.25) interval between the indented sills. The depth of the non-viscous debris flow tended to gradually increase as the channel gradients increased, whereas the depth of the viscous debris flow gradually decreased as the channel gradients increased. When the discharge of the debris flow was constant, the angle and the interval between the indented sills had a slight effect on the depth of the viscous debris flow, whereas the depth of the non-viscous debris flow exhibited a different trend, as the sill angles and intervals were varied. © 2014, Science Press, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, CAS and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flow; Drainage channel; Staggered indented sill; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: debris flow; drainage; flow velocity; movement; Sichuan earthquake 2008; sill; slope angle
REFERENCES: Chen, Xiaoqing, Optimal timing for the control of debris flow in Wenchuan Earthquake area, Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 41, 3, pp. 125-130, (2009); 
Journal of Hefei University of Technology, (2009); 
An Assembled Drainage Canal and Its Construction Method, (2011); 
Chen, Hongkai, Research on abrasion of debris flow to high- speed drainage structure, Applied Mathematics and Mechanics (English Edition), 25, 11, pp. 1257-1264, (2004); 
Cui, Peng, The Wenchuan Earthquake (May 12, 2008), Sichuan Province, China, and resulting geohazards, Natural Hazards, 56, 1, pp. 19-36, (2011); 
Gansu Water Resources and Hydropower Technology, (2013); 
Ge, Yonggang, Characteristics, causes and mitigation of catastrophic debris flow hazard on 21 July 2011 at the Longda Watershed of Songpan County, China, Journal of Mountain Science, 10, 2, pp. 261-272, (2013); 
Huang, Runqiu, Research on development and distribution rules of geohazards induced by Wenchuan earthquake on 12th May, 2008, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 27, 12, pp. 2585-2592, (2008); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2010); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2012)
PUBLISHER: Science Press shengtaixuebao@mail.rcees.ac.cn
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wang, J., Yu, Y., Yang, S., Lu, G.-H., Ou, G.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wang, Jun (59449452300); Yu, Yan (56364602800); Yang, Shun (55235532800); Lu, Guihong (55781871700); Ou, Guoqiang (8891006800)
59449452300; 56364602800; 55235532800; 55781871700; 8891006800
A modified certainty coefficient method (M-CF) for debris flow susceptibility assessment: A case study for the Wenchuan earthquake meizoseismal areas
(2014) Journal of Mountain Science, 11 (5), pp. 1286 - 1297, Cited 22 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11629-013-2781-7
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84907194061&doi=10.1007%2Fs11629-013-2781-7&partnerID=40&md5=e136f46539aba7cfdc183b83c3d5e0a8

AFFILIATIONS: Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: In the meizoseismal areas hit by the China Wenchuan earthquake on May 12, 2008, the disasterprone environment has changed dramatically, making the susceptibility assessment of debris flow more complex and uncertain. After the earthquake, debris flow hazards occurred frequently and effective susceptibility assessment of debris flow has become extremely important. Shenxi gully in Du Jiangyan city, located in the meizoseismal areas, was selected as the study area. Based on the research of disaster-prone environment and the main factors controlling debris flow, the susceptibility zonations of debris flow were mapped using factor weight method (FW), certainty coefficient method (CF) and geomorphic information entropy method (GI). Through comparative analysis, the study showed that these three methods underestimated susceptible degree of debris flow when used in the meizoseismal areas of Wenchuan earthquake. In order to solve this problem, this paper developed a modified certainty coefficient method (M-CF) to reflect the impact of rich loose materials on the susceptible degree of debris flow. In the modified method, the distribution and area of loose materials were obtained by field investigations and postearthquake remote sensing image, and four data sets, namely, lithology, elevation, slop and aspect, were used to calculate the CF values. The result of M-CF method is in agreement with field investigations and the accuracy of the method is satisfied. The method has a wide application to the susceptibility assessment of debris flow in the earthquake stricken areas. © 2014, Science Press, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, CAS and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flow; Disaster-prone environment; Modified certainty coefficient method (M-CF); Susceptibility assessment; Wenchuan earthquake
REFERENCES: Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, (1988); 
Dong, J. J., Debris-budget-based debris-flow susceptibility analysis, pp. 145-152, (2008); 
Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, (1986); 
Hürlimann, Marcel, Detailed debris flow hazard assessment in Andorra: A multidisciplinary approach, Geomorphology, 78, 3-4, pp. 359-372, (2006); 
Han, Yongshun, Susceptibility of mountain hazards triggered by Wenchuan Earthquake to topographic factors, Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 42, SUPPL. 1, pp. 15-21, (2010); 
Jinsoo, Kim, GIS-based landslide susceptibility analyses and cross- validation using a probabilistic model on two test areas in Korea, Disaster Advances, 6, 10, pp. 45-54, (2013); 
Journal of Catastrophology, (1988); 
Yunnan Geographic Environment Research, (1993); 
Journal of Natural Disasters, (2002); 
Geology and Prospecting, (2001)
PUBLISHER: Science Press
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Fan, X.-Y., Tian, S.-J., Duan, X., Zhang, Y.-Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Fan, Xiaoyi (36668557800); Tian, Shujun (36609420200); Duan, Xiaodong (55639754300); Zhang, Youyi (37041038400)
36668557800; 36609420200; 55639754300; 37041038400
Study of topography factors influence on motion parameters for seismic slope-toe landslides
(2014) Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 33, pp. 4056 - 4066, Cited 9 times.
DOI: 10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2014.s2.083
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84926194245&doi=10.13722%2Fj.cnki.jrme.2014.s2.083&partnerID=40&md5=464aa1e10c33f0b3b771130a0e0984b9

AFFILIATIONS: School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, China; State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: Slope-toe landslide is a typical disaster induced by the Wenchuan earthquake. The influential factors of topography, including length of sliding surface above slope toe(L'), landslide gradient(α), angle of slope toe(β) and gradient of landslide accumulation(γ) were considered. The maximum vertical motion distance(H<inf>max</inf>), maximum horizontal motion distance(L<inf>max</inf>), horizontal motion distance under the slope toe(L) and equivalent fraction coefficient(H<inf>max</inf>/L<inf>max</inf>) were studied by the orthogonal, range, variance and regression analysis. The L' is the most important and significant influence factor on H<inf>max</inf> and L<inf>max</inf> which the landslide volume is from 1×104 m3 to 1×106 m3. Among the influence factors on H<inf>max</inf>/L<inf>max</inf>, the α is the most important one and the a and γ are the significant influence factors. The β is the most important factor on L<inf>max</inf> and L of landslides with the volume more than 1×106 m3 and significant influence factor on L of landslides with volumes more than 1×105 m3. The landslide volumes from 1×104 m3 to 1×106 m3, the topography factors play more consistent role on the factor combinations of the landslide maximum motion parameters, and it is different on the landslides with the volumes more than 1×106 m3. These results could provide references for determining the influence and significant of topography factors on the motion parameters of slope-toe landslides, and it is a practical significance to the prevention and mitigation of slope-toe landslides. ©, 2014, Academia Sinica. All right reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Motion parameter; Slope engineering; Slope-toe landslide; Topography factor
INDEX KEYWORDS: Earthquakes; Regression analysis; Topography; Horizontal motion; Influential factors; Motion parameters; Sliding surface; Slope engineering; Topography factor; Vertical motions; Wenchuan Earthquake; Landslides
REFERENCES: Wu, Aiqing, Numerical simulation of startup and whole failure process of Qianjiangping landslide using discontinuous deformation analysis method, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 25, 7, pp. 1297-1303, (2006); 
Feng, Wenkai, Simulation analysis of formation mechanism of some complex and giant landslides using three-dimensional discrete elements, Yantu Lixue/Rock and Soil Mechanics, 30, 4, pp. 1122-1126, (2009); 
Cepeda, José Mauricio, Procedure for the selection of runout model parameters from landslide back-analyses: Application to the Metropolitan Area of San Salvador, El Salvador, Landslides, 7, 2, pp. 105-116, (2010); 
Sassa, Kyoji, An integrated model simulating the initiation and motion of earthquake and rain induced rapid landslides and its application to the 2006 Leyte landslide, Landslides, 7, 3, pp. 219-236, (2010); 
Willenberg, Heike, Hazard assessment and runout analysis for an unstable rock slope above an industrial site in the Riviera valley, Switzerland, Landslides, 6, 2, pp. 111-119, (2009); 
Hungr, Oldrich, Two numerical models for landslide dynamic analysis, Computers and Geosciences, 35, 5, pp. 978-992, (2009); 
Rock and Soil Mechanics, (2004); 
Devoli, Graziella, Statistical analysis of landslide events in Central America and their run-out distance, Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, 27, 1, pp. 23-42, (2009); 
Pirulli, Marina, Morphology and substrate control on the dynamics of flowlike landslides, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering - ASCE, 136, 2, pp. 376-388, (2010); 
Li, Xiuzhen, Runout distance estimation of landslides triggered by "5·12" Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 42, 5, pp. 243-249, (2010)
PUBLISHER: Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Li, N., Wang, R., Deng, Y., Chen, J., Liu, Y., Du, K., Lu, P., Zhang, Z., Zhao, F.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Li, Ning (56602012300); Wang, Robert Yu (7405336715); Deng, Yunkai (8984596000); Chen, Jiaqi (57224960272); Liu, Yabo (35248613900); Du, Kangning (56177876200); Lu, Pingping (56320345000); Zhang, Zhimin (56382085900); Zhao, Fengjun (57688096200)
56602012300; 7405336715; 8984596000; 57224960272; 35248613900; 56177876200; 56320345000; 56382085900; 57688096200
Waterline mapping and change detection of tangjiashan dammed lake after wenchuan earthquake from multitemporal high-resolution airborne SAR imagery
(2014) IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, 7 (8), art. no. 6907972, pp. 3200 - 3209, Cited 30 times.
DOI: 10.1109/JSTARS.2014.2345417
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84907942154&doi=10.1109%2FJSTARS.2014.2345417&partnerID=40&md5=389508b584dd427c3f13c795752a43c8

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Space Microwave Remote Sensing System, Institute of Electronics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Computer and Information, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
ABSTRACT: Several dammed lakes caused by landslides and rock avalanches appeared after Wenchuan earthquake. Tangjiashan dammed lake was the largest one among all of them, which resulted in obvious threats to people around. In this paper, multitemporal high-resolution airborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images are used to map the waterline of Tangjiashan dammed lake and its change continuously, which is meaningful for flooding assessment and prediction. An approach combining different techniques is proposed for dammed lake segmentation. In this approach, subpatched intensity thresholding segmentation, morphological operators, and local Gaussian distribution fitting energy (LGDF)-based active contours model (ACM) are used in combination to get the final waterline. Flood-affected area is detected and its size is calculated for each segmental result. In addition, the variations of the flood-affected area are also obtained based on the difference of the above-mentioned segmental results. The proposed approach is tested on real SAR imagery acquired from three different dates in May, 2008 with high-temporal resolution in the same area containing Tangjiashan dammed lake. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. © 2014 IEEE.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Active contours model (ACM); change detection (CD); local connectivity; Tangjiashan dammed lake; waterline mapping
INDEX KEYWORDS: Active contours model; Airborne SAR; Change detection; High resolution; Local connectivity; Multi-temporal; Wenchuan Earthquake; airborne sensing; flooding; image resolution; lake water; map; mapping; Sichuan earthquake 2008; synthetic aperture radar; water level; China; Sichuan; Tangjiashan Lake
REFERENCES: Cui, Peng, The Wenchuan Earthquake (May 12, 2008), Sichuan Province, China, and resulting geohazards, Natural Hazards, 56, 1, pp. 19-36, (2011); 
Xu, Qiang, Landslide dams triggered by the Wenchuan Earthquake, Sichuan Province, south west China, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 68, 3, pp. 373-386, (2009); 
Disaster Charter, (2008); 
Longbotham, Nathan, Multi-modal change detection, application to the detection of flooded areas: Outcome of the 2009-2010 data fusion contest, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, 5, 1, pp. 331-342, (2012); 
Shao, Yun, Fast extracting and change detection of dammed lakes using high-resolution SAR images: A case study of Tangjiashan Dammed Lake, International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), 2, pp. II349-II352, (2009); 
Pulvirenti, Luca, Monitoring flood evolution in vegetated areas using cosmo-skymed data: The tuscany 2009 case study, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, 6, 4, pp. 1807-1816, (2013); 
Singh, Gulab, Monitoring of the March 11, 2011, Off-Tohoku 9.0 earthquake with super-tsunami disaster by implementing fully polarimetric high-resolution POLSAR techniques, Proceedings of the IEEE, 101, 3, pp. 831-846, (2013); 
Chen, Siwei, Tsunami damage investigation of built-up areas using multitemporal spaceborne full polarimetric SAR images, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 51, 4, pp. 1985-1997, (2013); 
Giustarini, Laura, A change detection approach to flood mapping in Urban areas using TerraSAR-X, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 51, 4, pp. 2417-2430, (2013); 
Zhang, Lili, Adaptive river segmentation in SAR images, Journal of Electronics, 26, 4, pp. 438-442, (2009)
PUBLISHER: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Liao, W., Li, Y., Zhu, C., Li, Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Liao, Wei (56383339800); Li, Yuwen (57192524413); Zhu, Chang'an (56719980800); Li, Yongshen (56383938600)
56383339800; 57192524413; 56719980800; 56383938600
Analysis of a flash-flood induced debris flow at a highway tunnel portal in a seismic region
(2014) Modern Tunnelling Technology, 51 (4), pp. 8 - 12, Cited 1 times.
DOI: 10.13807/j.cnki.mtt.2014.04.002
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84907937153&doi=10.13807%2Fj.cnki.mtt.2014.04.002&partnerID=40&md5=53ac20cb25964686ccd0402f5ac92270

AFFILIATIONS: Sichuan Provincial Transport Department, Chengdu Aircraft Design and Research Institute, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Resisting secondary disasters like a debris flow is critical during the design and construction of tunnels in regions with high seismic intensity. Based on the field survey and system analysis of the flash-flood induced portal damage to the Yingxiu-Wenchuan highway tunnel on July 9th, 2013, this paper concludes mountain loosening by the Wenchuan earthquake, stiffness and thickness insufficiencies of the backfilling material, and poor anti-erosion of the foundation in the cut-and-cover section of the tunnel are the main reasons for portal damage. It also puts forward relevant design ideas which can prevent and reduce disasters and minimize state asset losses, such as strengthening the evaluation for post-seismic potential hazards, designing beyond expectation, emphasizing quality and effectiveness of backfilling, and providing bridge-type channels for potential debris flows.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flow; Regions with high seismic intensity; Treatment measures; Tunnel portals
INDEX KEYWORDS: Bridges; Debris; Disaster prevention; Disasters; Earthquakes; Floods; Seismic design; Debris flows; Design and construction; High seismic intensities; Potential hazards; Secondary disasters; Treatment measures; Tunnel portals; Wenchuan Earthquake; Quality control
REFERENCES: Survey Report of Flash Flood and Debris Flow Occurred at the Yingxiu Wenchuan Section of National Highway G213 on 9th July 2013, (2013); 
Risk Assessment of Geological Hazards of National Highway G213 After the Flash Flood Occurred on 9th July 2013, (2013); 
Highway, (2013); 
China Flood Drought Management, (2013); 
Design Documents of Two Stage Construction Drawings of Lot A2 Yingxiu Wenchuan Highway Fascicle 1, (2010); 
Modern Tunnelling Technology, (2011); 
Modern Tunnelling Technology, (2011)
PUBLISHER: Editorial By Modern Tunnelling Technology
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Li, T., He, B., Lei, T.-W., Chen, Z., Zhang, Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Li, Tianyang (57217075889); He, Binghui (7402047749); Lei, Tingwu (55823880800); Chen, Zhanpeng (55541285100); Zhang, Yi (56375332700)
57217075889; 7402047749; 55823880800; 55541285100; 56375332700
Indoor experiments on eroding rills hydrodynamics characteristics of earth-rock mixed landslide slope in Wenchuan Earthquake area
(2014) Shuili Xuebao/Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 45 (8), pp. 892 - 902, Cited 5 times.
DOI: 10.13243/j.cnki.slxb.2014.08.002
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84907573740&doi=10.13243%2Fj.cnki.slxb.2014.08.002&partnerID=40&md5=32394caeb64398d62b573a2f4bf0510e

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: A set of indoor experiments on earth-rock mixed steep slope with scouring flow method were conducted, and then the rill hydrodynamics characteristics under different flow rates, slopes, ratio of earth and rock contents were measured based on the angle of repose, bulk density, and ratio of earth and rocks that measured in the field investigation. The results show that under each flow rate of 34° and 4L/min of 36°, the average flow velocities under earth are significant higher than that of earth-rocks mixed. Under the 8 L/min and 12 L/min of 36°, the average flow rates increase gradually and become higher than that of earth. The average flow velocities under all of the groups decrease with the scouring times flies. The ratio of earth-rocks affecting the Reynolds number is complex. The flow regime is almost transition flow and turbulent flow during the experimental time. The influence of ratio of earth and rocks on Froude number has the same rules with that on average flow rates. As time goes on, Froude number transforms from supercritical flow to subcritical flow, especially the changes are obvious under the earth and rocks mixed. Darcy-weisbach friction increases slowly, and then increases rapidly, decreases sharply at last with scouring time flies. The Froude number is 0.16~14.40 under the earth and 0.16~29.68 under earth and rocks mixed. Darcy-weisbach friction has negative correlation with Reynolds number.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Earth-rock mixed; Hydrodynamics; Landslide; Rill erosion; Wenchuan Earthquake area
INDEX KEYWORDS: Earthquakes; Flow of water; Flow rate; Flow velocity; Friction; Froude number; Hydrodynamics; Landslides; Reynolds number; Field investigation; Hydrodynamics characteristics; Indoor experiment; Negative correlation; Rill erosion; Subcritical flow; Supercritical flow; Wenchuan Earthquake; Rocks
REFERENCES: Nearing, Mark A., Hydraulics and erosion in eroding rills, Water Resources Research, 33, 4, pp. 865-876, (1997); 
Abrahams, Athol D., Resistance to overland flow on desert hillslopes, Journal of Hydrology, 88, 3-4, pp. 343-363, (1986); 
USDA Water Erosion Prediction Project Hillslope Profile Model Documentation, (1989); 
Gilley, Jonathan E., Hydraulic characteristics of rills, Transactions - American Society of Agricultural Engineers: General Edition, 33, 6, pp. 1900-1906, (1990); 
Roels, J. M., Flow resistance in concentrated overland flow on rough slope surfaces, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 9, 6, pp. 541-551, (1984); 
Abrahams, Athol D., Resistance to Overland Flow on Desert Pavement and Its Implications for Sediment Transport Modeling, Water Resources Research, 27, 8, pp. 1827-1836, (1991); 
Hessel, Rudi, Estimating Manning's n for steep slopes, Catena, 54, 1-2, pp. 77-91, (2003)
PUBLISHER: International Research and Training Center on Erosion and Sedimentation and China Water and Power Press
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zhang, S., Zhang, L.M., Chen, H.X.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhang, Shuai (55092670700); Zhang, Limin Min (58883008100); Chen, Hongxin (55089538300)
55092670700; 58883008100; 55089538300
Relationships among three repeated large-scale debris flows at Pubugou Ravine in the Wenchuan earthquake zone
(2014) Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 51 (9), pp. 951 - 965, Cited 46 times.
DOI: 10.1139/cgj-2013-0368
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84906727050&doi=10.1139%2Fcgj-2013-0368&partnerID=40&md5=75e11290ae430551b383421a64c5aa04

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
ABSTRACT: The 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China triggered numerous landslides. Loose landslide materials can easily evolve into deadly debris flows during wet seasons. During the period from 2008 to 2011, three separate large-scale debris flows occurred in the Pubugou Ravine near the epicentre of the earthquake that were among the largest repeated debris flows ever reported. Approximately 1.76 × 106m3of sediment was deposited during these three events. This paper aims to (i) analyze the movements of solid materials during the repeated debris flows, (ii) discuss the evolution of the initiation mechanisms of these debris flows, and (iii) evaluate the changing depositional morphology of the debris flow fans and examine the particle sizes of the debris flow materials. To achieve the above research objectives, timely field investigations were undertaken in the past 5 years after each of these debris flow events. Satellite images were used to delineate the boundaries of the initiation areas, the transportation channels, and the deposition zones of these debris flows. With the occurrence of the repeated debris flows, the hill slope deposits gradually evolved into channel deposits and the solid materials in the channels moved toward the gully mouth. Hence, channelized flows gradually became dominant. The debris fan materials of the repeated debris flows became coarser and coarser over time. The three debris flows were all characterized by coarse boulder fronts.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flows; Landslide risk; Landslides; Rainfall-induced landslides; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Deposition; Deposits; Earthquakes; Geophysics; Landslides; Particle size analysis; Channelized flow; Debris flows; Field investigation; Initiation mechanism; Rainfall induced landslides; Research objectives; Transportation channels; Wenchuan Earthquake; Debris; boulder; debris flow; depositional environment; earthquake epicenter; landslide; satellite imagery; seismic zone; Sichuan earthquake 2008; wet season; China; Pubugou Ravine; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Anderson, Scott A., Analysis of rainfall-induced debris flows, Journal of Geotechcnical Engineering, 121, 7, pp. 544-552, (1995); 
Berger, Catherine, Direct measurement of channel erosion by debris flows, Illgraben, Switzerland, Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 116, 1, (2011); 
Berti, Matteo, Field observations of a debris flow event in the Dolomites, Geomorphology, 29, 3-4, pp. 265-274, (1999); 
Betts, Harley D., Geomorphic changes in a complex gully system measured from sequential digital elevation models, and implications for management, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 28, 10, pp. 1043-1058, (2003); 
Methods of Test for Soils for Civil Engineering Purposes, (1990); 
Chen, Hongxin, Mechanisms and runout characteristics of the rainfall-triggered debris flow in Xiaojiagou in Sichuan Province, China, Natural Hazards, 62, 3, pp. 1037-1057, (2012); 
Chinese Debris Flow, (2000); 
Debris Flow Hazards and Related Phenomena, (2005); 
Fuller, Ian C., Rapid channel response to variability in sediment supply: Cutting and filling of the Tarndale Fan, Waipaoa catchment, New Zealand, Marine Geology, 270, 1-4, pp. 45-54, (2010); 
Gregoretti, Carlo, The triggering of debris flow due to channel-bed failure in some alpine headwater basins of the Dolomites: Analyses of critical runoff, Hydrological Processes, 22, 13, pp. 2248-2263, (2008)
PUBLISHER: Canadian Science Publishing
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; BRONZE OPEN ACCESS

Ren, Z.-K., Zhang, Z., Dai, F., Yin, J., Zhang, H.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Ren, Zhikun (26321922800); Zhang, Zhuqi (24588369900); Dai, Fuchu (7102055666); Yin, Jinhui (7401693283); Zhang, Huiping (13807113100)
26321922800; 24588369900; 7102055666; 7401693283; 13807113100
Topographic changes due to the 2008 Mw7.9 Wenchuan earthquake as revealed by the differential DEM method
(2014) Geomorphology, 217, pp. 122 - 130, Cited 27 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.04.020
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84899948050&doi=10.1016%2Fj.geomorph.2014.04.020&partnerID=40&md5=009df4d4139c6a82d852800c13225328

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Geophysics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan; Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Landscape evolution in active orogenic regions is inevitably affected by the repeated strong earthquakes triggered by the corresponding active faults. However, the lack of adequate methods for the documentation and monitoring of mountain-building processes has resulted in a shortage of quantitative estimates of orogenic and eroded volumes. A strong earthquake and its associated co-seismic landslides represent a sudden pulse in landscape evolution in tectonically active areas. The 2008 Mw. 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake dramatically modified the topography of the Longmen Shan region. Based on topographic data before the earthquake and stereo pairs of post-earthquake remote sensing imagery, we derived pre- and post-earthquake DEMs (digital elevation models) of the three regions along the Longmen Shan Thrust Belt. By comparing the geomorphic features before and after the earthquake, we find that the Wenchuan earthquake smoothed the steep relief and caused a co-seismic uplift of the Longmen Shan region. The medium-relief regions increased; however, the high-relief regions decreased, indicating that the local relief is controlled by repeated strong earthquakes. The changed slope aspect indicates that the formation and modification of the east- and west-facing slopes are controlled by tectonic events in the Longmen Shan region, which might be associated with the regional stress field. However, the unchanged aspects of other slopes might be controlled by long-term erosion rather than tectonic events. The topographic changes, landslide volume and co-seismic uplift indicate that the greatest seismically induced denudation occurred in association with a thrust faulting mechanism and low-angle fault geometry. Our findings reveal that the local relief has been shaped by the localized, seismically induced high rate of denudation within the plateau margins, and that the formation of local relief is also related to tectonic events, especially the events that have occurred on low-angle faults. This study also indicates that the multi-temporal DEM differential method is valuable in detecting seismically induced topographic change.© 2014 Elsevier B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Denudation; Differential DEM; Longmen Shan; Topographic change; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: active fault; coseismic process; denudation; digital elevation model; earthquake trigger; landscape evolution; landslide; orogeny; relief; Sichuan earthquake 2008; stress field; tectonic evolution; thrust fault; topographic effect; uplift; China; Longmen Mountains; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Arrowsmith, Ja Ramón, Tectonic geomorphology of the San Andreas Fault zone from high resolution topography: An example from the Cholame segment, Geomorphology, 113, 1-2, pp. 70-81, (2009); 
J Geophys Res, (1993); 
Avouac, Jean Philippe, Dynamic Processes in Extensional and Compressional Settings - Mountain Building: From Earthquakes to Geological Deformation, 6, pp. 377-439, (2007); 
Avouac, Jean Philippe, Erosion as a driving mechanism of intracontinental mountain growth, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 101, 8, pp. 17747-17769, (1996); 
Beaumont, Christopher M., Himalayan tectonics explained by extrusion of a low-viscosity crustal channel coupled to focused surface denudation, Nature, 414, 6865, pp. 738-742, (2001); 
Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis for Physicists, (2010); 
Burbank, Douglas W., Tectonic Geomorphology: Second Edition, (2011); 
Burbank, Douglas W., Bedrock incision, rock uplift and threshold hillslopes in the northwestern Himalayas, Nature, 379, 6565, pp. 505-510, (1996); 
Burbank, Douglas W., Decoupling of erosion and precipitation in the Himalayas, Nature, 426, 6967, pp. 652-655, (2003); 
Burchfiel, B. Clark, Tectonics of the Longmen Shan and Adjacent Regions, Central China, International Geology Review, 37, 8, pp. 661-735, (1995)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Chen, X., Liu, C.-G., Yu, L., Lin, C.-X.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Chen, Xiaoli (8346444100); Liu, Chunguo (7409788361); Yu, Lu (55927681300); Lin, Chuanxiang (56151238000)
8346444100; 7409788361; 55927681300; 56151238000
Critical acceleration as a criterion in seismic landslide susceptibility assessment
(2014) Geomorphology, 217, pp. 15 - 22, Cited 40 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.04.011
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84899877159&doi=10.1016%2Fj.geomorph.2014.04.011&partnerID=40&md5=0c89e6fceeb8333a18f37ce6b820eb51

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Active Tectonics and Volcano, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China; China Earthquake Networks Center, Beijing, China; China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
ABSTRACT: The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China triggered approximately 200,000 landslides. This study examined a detailed landslide inventory for the event. Based on Newmark's method, the correlation between critical acceleration and landslide occurrence was analyzed for the Beichuan region in Sichuan Province, where various kinds of geohazards occurred due to the earthquake. The results indicate that critical acceleration is a good and reliable criterion to assess slope stability, and that slope gradient and material component are important factors influencing landslide occurrences. It was found that external forces behave differently in different directions. Critical acceleration in horizontal direction is more important for assessing the stability of steeper slopes. This knowledge will help in the understanding of the mechanism of earthquake-triggered landslides and facilitate the combined use of critical acceleration and landslide distribution maps for determining peak ground acceleration in a region without abundant seismic instrument records. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Critical acceleration; Earthquake-triggered landslides; Newmark's method; Potential landslide assessment; The Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: landslide; peak acceleration; seismicity; Sichuan earthquake 2008; slope stability; Beichuan; China; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Bommer, Julian J., Earthquake-induced landslides in Central America, Engineering Geology, 63, 3-4, pp. 189-220, (2002); 
Ioseismal Map of the Wenchuan Earthquake, (2010); 
undefined, (2001); 
Geologically Active, (2010); 
Chen, Xiaoli, Evaluation of factors controlling large earthquake-induced landslides by the Wenchuan earthquake, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 12, 12, pp. 3645-3657, (2012); 
Chen, Xiaoli, Applying the Newmark's model to the assessment of earthquake-triggered landslides during the Lushan earthquake, Dizhen Dizhi, 35, 3, pp. 661-670, (2013); 
Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011); 
Standard for Engineering Classification of Rock Masses, (1995); 
Guzzetti, Fausto, Landslide hazard evaluation: A review of current techniques and their application in a multi-scale study, Central Italy, Geomorphology, 31, 1-4, pp. 181-216, (1999); 
Harp, Edwin L., Landslides triggered by the 1994 Northridge, California, earthquake, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 86, 1 SUPPL. B, pp. S319-S332, (1996)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Li, B., Zhang, M., Zhao, L., Ran, J., Timothy, M., Shang, T.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Li, Bo (57195244409); Zhang, Man (55552780900); Zhao, Luling (56319532800); Ran, Jianghong (7005106875); Timothy, Moermond (56319463700); Shang, Tao (54685069100)
57195244409; 55552780900; 56319532800; 7005106875; 56319463700; 54685069100
Vegetation recovery on landslides of the Wenchuan earthquake and its influencing factors: A case study in Longxi-Hongkou Nature Reserve
(2014) Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology, 20 (3), pp. 468 - 473, Cited 8 times.
DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1145.2014.10010
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84905864160&doi=10.3724%2FSP.J.1145.2014.10010&partnerID=40&md5=6bd18a8876c4db0644be8374360e583d

AFFILIATIONS: College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Management Office of Longxi-Hongkou National Nature Reserve, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: This paper aimed to understand and assess the recovery of the natural vegetation and to explore the influences of eco-factors on vegetation recovery on landslides formed by the Wenchuan earthquake. We sampled 127 quadrats (10 m × 10 m) on the landslides in Longxi-Hongkou Nature Reserve from August to September in 2012. All the tracheophyte species were recorded and the vegetation cover and height measured. A total of six ecological factors which might influence the vegetation recovery on landslides were measured, including the slope gradient, quadrat location on landslides, gravel cover, litter cover, remaining vegetation cover and the distance from quadrat to the nearest forest edge. The main results showed that four years after the formation of landslides, the natural regenerated vegetation covered more than 30% (highest 85%) in 62.99% of the quadrats. The average height of the shrub layer was equal to or greater than 1 meter in 60.63% of the quadrats, and there were five or more species in 84.25% of the quadrats. We recorded 75 plant species belonging to 67 genera in 38 families. Two families, Compositae and Rosaceae, with 13 and 7 species respectively, were pioneer species colonized on landslides. Among the 75 plant species, woody species accounted for 33.33%, including 6 tree species and 19 shrub species; herbs and vines accounted for 62.67% and 4.00% respectively. Vegetation on landslides was mainly shrubs of 10 formation types, with Rubus setchuenensis and R. tsangii the dominant species and principal cover on landslides. Logistic regression models showed that vegetation cover was significantly negatively affected by gravel cover (B < 0, P < 0.001) and quadrat location on landslides (5 < 0, P < 0.001) and positively influenced by distances from the nearest forest edge (B > 0, P < 0.05). The average vegetation height was likewise significantly negatively affected by gravel cover (5 < 0, P < 0.01) and positively influenced by distances from the nearest forest edge (B>0, P< 0.05). The number of plant species was significantly negatively affected by the slope (5 <0,P< 0.001) and gravel cover (B < 0, P < 0.01). Shrub cover was significantly negatively affected by slope gradients (B < 0, P < 0.001) and gravel cover (B < 0, P < 0.001), and significantly positively influenced by remaining vegetation cover (B>0,P < 0.05). These results suggested that vegetation on landslides could recover naturally with the dominant species, and that the characteristics of the local region had significant effect on the process of vegetation succession on landslides.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Eco-factors; Landslides; Longxi-Hongkou Nature Reserve; Vegetation recovery; Wenchuan earthquake
REFERENCES: Bao, Weikai, Ecological degradation in the Wenchuan Earthquake seriously affected region in Sichuan, China, Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology, 14, 4, pp. 441-444, (2008); 
Lu, Tao, Monitoring vegetation recovery after China's May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake using Landsat TM time-series data: A case study in Mao County, Ecological Research, 27, 5, pp. 955-966, (2012); 
Ouyang, Zhiyun, Impact assessment of Wenchuan Earthquake on ecosystems, Shengtai Xuebao, 28, 12, pp. 5801-5809, (2008); 
Zhang, Jindong, Investigation of wildlife and its habitats after Wenchuan Earthquake: The case study of Longxihongkou and Qianfoshan nature reserves, Shengtai Xuebao, 28, 12, pp. 5842-5847, (2008); 
Wang, Xuezhi, Impacts of Wenchuan Earthquake on giant panda habitat in Dujiangyan region, Shengtai Xuebao, 28, 12, pp. 5856-5861, (2008); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2010); 
J Soil Water Comers, (2011); 
J Southwest Univ Nat Sci Ed, (2013); 
Reserv Soil Water Conserv, (2012); 
Castanea, (1983)
PUBLISHER: Science Press shengtaixuebao@mail.rcees.ac.cn
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; BRONZE OPEN ACCESS

Zhao, L., Li, B., Ran, J., Chai, L., Zhao, C., Shang, T.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhao, Luling (56319532800); Li, Bo (57195244409); Ran, Jianghong (7005106875); Chai, Luyan (56319409600); Zhao, Cheng (57211632909); Shang, Tao (54685069100)
56319532800; 57195244409; 7005106875; 56319409600; 57211632909; 54685069100
Response of the umbrella bamboo (Fargseia robusta) towards disturbance of landslide in the Wenchuan Earthquake
(2014) Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology, 20 (3), pp. 462 - 467, Cited 1 times.
DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1145.2014.11045
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84905816664&doi=10.3724%2FSP.J.1145.2014.11045&partnerID=40&md5=c664339814ef70363efe4e3ce9fd0623

AFFILIATIONS: Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology on Endangered Wildlife, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Management Office of Longxi-Hongkou National Nature Reserve, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Umbrella bamboo (Fargseia robusta), a staple bamboo for giant panda, was severely destroyed by secondary disasters (landslide, collapse, debris flow, etc.) following the Wenchuan Earthquake. This study aimed to investigate the shooting trends of the umbrella bamboo in three different levels of landslide disturbance (strong, moderate and control), to understand the regeneration dynamics of umbrella bamboo population, to determine the relationship between the biomass and shoot number and survival amount, and finally to make an assessment of the resilience of the umbrella bamboo after seismic landslide disturbance. Our study was conducted in the Longxi-Hongkou National Nature Reserve, Dujiangyan, Chengdu, China. A total of 150 permanent quadrats (2 m × 2 m) were set at 3 sites in different levels of landslide disturbance (strong, moderate, control) with 50 quadrats each. The newly generated bamboo shoots and degraded shoots were counted and labeled; the basal diameter (cm) and height (mm) of the annual shoot were measured by tape from the first new bamboo shoot in April until no new shoot. All the counts and measurements were repeated in October. Our results showed that: (1) the number of newly generated and surviving bamboo shoots as well as the biomass per unit area fluctuated in all disturbance levels from 2010 to 2012. (2) The shoot number showed a significantly positive correlation with survival amount; the shoot number and survival amount in disturbed sites were significantly higher than that in the control site; the survival rate of the bamboo shoot was the highest in the strong disturbance site. (3) The height and basal diameter of the regenerated bamboo tended to increase year by year in the strong disturbance site, but fluctuated in the moderate disturbance site. (4) The shoot number, survival amount, biomass per unit area and the clone rate in the moderate disturbance site were significantly higher than those in the control by 2012. Our results suggested that four years after seismic landslide disturbance, the umbrella bamboo has recovered to some degree, with the clone population recovery better in moderately disturbed places than the strongly disturbed ones. The recovery strategy of F. robusta is giving priority to energy supply for increase of bamboo numbers, then for vegetative growth.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Disturbance; Landslide; Longxi-hongkou nature reserve; Regeneration; Umbrella bamboo; Wenchuan earthquake
REFERENCES: Zhou, Shiqiang, Effects of wildness training giant pandas' grazing and artificial harvesting on clone population biomass of umbrella bamboo (Fargesia robustd), Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology, 18, 1, pp. 1-8, (2012); 
Liu, Chiungpin, Effects of the 921 earthquake on the water quality in the upper stream at the Guandaushi experimental forest, Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 179, 1-4, pp. 19-27, (2007); 
Zhou, Shiqiang, The effects of wildness training giant pandas grazing and artificial harvesting on the regeneration of umbrella bamboo (Fargesia robusta) clone population, Shengtai Xuebao, 29, 9, pp. 4804-4814, (2009); 
J Sichuan Forest Sci Technol, (2008); 
Wu, Ning, A review of the impacts of earthquake on mountain ecosystems: Taking 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake as an example, Shengtai Xuebao, 28, 12, pp. 5810-5819, (2008); 
Acta Ecologica Sinica, (2006); 
Lobovikov, Maxim, Bamboo in climate change and rural livelihoods, Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 17, 3, pp. 261-276, (2012); 
Gagnon, Paul R., Response of a native bamboo [Arundinaria gigantea (Walt.) Muhl.] in a wind-disturbed forest, Forest Ecology and Management, 241, 1-3, pp. 288-294, (2007); 
Sci Silv Sin, (2008); 
Gagnon, Paul R., Multiple disturbances accelerate clonal growth in a potentially monodominant bamboo, Ecology, 89, 3, pp. 612-618, (2008)
PUBLISHER: Science Press shengtaixuebao@mail.rcees.ac.cn
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; BRONZE OPEN ACCESS

Chen, H.X., Zhang, L.M.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Chen, Hongxin (55089538300); Zhang, Limin Min (58883008100)
55089538300; 58883008100
A physically-based distributed cell model for predicting regional rainfall-induced shallow slope failures
(2014) Engineering Geology, 176, pp. 79 - 92, Cited 94 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2014.04.011
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84901068262&doi=10.1016%2Fj.enggeo.2014.04.011&partnerID=40&md5=eb8bed2e1773ae0547d0154d5ac1a346

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
ABSTRACT: Rainfall-induced slope failures are one of the most frequent hazards on hilly terrains. This paper proposes a physically-based distributed cell model to predict regional rainfall-induced shallow slope failures in two-layer soils under realistic rainfall conditions. The model consists of four components; namely, a digital terrain model, a spatial rainfall distribution model, an infiltration analysis model, and a slope stability and reliability evaluation model. The digital terrain is discretized into a grid of numerous cells first, with the properties of the soils in each cell assigned. Universal kriging is then adopted to interpolate the spatial rainfall distribution. Afterwards, the infiltration analysis model is used to analyze the infiltration process in two-layer soils under realistic rainfall conditions. The slope stability and reliability evaluation model is finally adopted to assess the regional slope stability and reliability. The distributed cell model is applied to evaluate the spatial and temporal response of a 164.5km2area to rainfall near the epicenter of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake zone. Comparison between the predicted and observed slope failures triggered by the 13 August 2010 storm shows that this model is capable of predicting the locations of rainfall-induced slope failures reasonably well. The model is intended for use as a module in a real-time warning system for rainfall-induced slope failures. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Earthquake; Landslide; Rainfall infiltration; Reliability analysis; Risk assessment; Slope stability
INDEX KEYWORDS: Cells; Cytology; Earthquakes; Forecasting; Geophysics; Infiltration; Landslides; Rain; Reliability; Reliability analysis; Risk analysis; Risk assessment; Slope protection; Soils; Spatial distribution; Stability; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Digital terrain model; Infiltration process; Rainfall condition; Rainfall infiltration; Rainfall-induced slope failures; Shallow slope failure; Stability and reliabilities; Slope stability; earthquake epicenter; hillslope; infiltration; landslide; rainfall; reliability analysis; risk assessment; Sichuan earthquake 2008; slope failure; slope stability; warning system
REFERENCES: Aleotti, Pietro, A warning system for rainfall-induced shallow failures, Engineering Geology, 73, 3-4, pp. 247-265, (2004); 
Ali, Abdou, Rainfall estimation in the Sahel. Part I: Error function, Journal of Applied Meteorology, 44, 11, pp. 1691-1706, (2005); 
Arnone, Elisa, Physically-based and distributed approach to analyze rainfall-triggered landslides at watershed scale, Geomorphology, 133, 3-4, pp. 121-131, (2011); 
Standard Practice for Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes Unified Soil Classification System, (2006); 
Au, S. W.C., Rainfall and slope failure in Hong Kong, Engineering Geology, 36, 1-2, pp. 141-147, (1993); 
Au, S. W.C., Rain-induced slope instability in Hong Kong, Engineering Geology, 51, 1, pp. 1-36, (1998); 
Basha, Habib A., Multidimensional linearized nonsteady infiltration with prescribed boundary conditions at the soil surface, Water Resources Research, 35, 1, pp. 75-83, (1999); 
Trigrs A Fortran Program for Transient Rainfall Infiltration and Grid Based Regional Slope Stability Analysis, (2002); 
Bhandary, Netra P., Areal distribution of large-scale landslides along highway corridors in central Nepal, Georisk, 7, 1, pp. 1-20, (2013); 
Slope Instability, (1984)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

West, A.J., Hetzel, R., Li, G., Jin, Z., Zhang, F., Hilton, R.G., Densmore, A.L.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: West, Alison Joshua (26538380300); Hetzel, Ralf (7003345718); Li, Gen (56127683700); Jin, Zhangdong (7403625767); Zhang, Fei (55195292000); Hilton, Robert G. (24385259400); Densmore, Alexander Logan (7004510678)
26538380300; 7003345718; 56127683700; 7403625767; 55195292000; 24385259400; 7004510678
Dilution of 10Be in detrital quartz by earthquake-induced landslides: Implications for determining denudation rates and potential to provide insights into landslide sediment dynamics
(2014) Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 396, pp. 143 - 153, Cited 89 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.epsl.2014.03.058
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84899146468&doi=10.1016%2Fj.epsl.2014.03.058&partnerID=40&md5=8a039762cf4da33937cd54052fb8a39f

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Earth Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Institute of Geology, University of Münster, Munster, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Department of Geography, Durham University, Durham, County Durham, United Kingdom; Durham University, Durham, County Durham, United Kingdom
ABSTRACT: The concentration of 10Be in detrital quartz (10Be<inf>qtz</inf>) from river sediments is now widely used to quantify catchment-wide denudation rates but may also be sensitive to inputs from bedrock landslides that deliver sediment with low 10Be<inf>qtz</inf>. Major landslide-triggering events can provide large amounts of low-concentration material to rivers in mountain catchments, but changes in river sediment 10Be<inf>qtz</inf> due to such events have not yet been measured directly. Here we examine the impact of widespread landslides triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake on 10Be<inf>qtz</inf> in sediment samples from the Min Jiang river basin, in Sichuan, China. Landslide deposit material associated with the Wenchuan earthquake has consistently lower 10Be<inf>qtz</inf> than in river sediment prior to the earthquake. River sediment 10Be<inf>qtz</inf> decreased significantly following the earthquake downstream of areas of high coseismic landslide occurrence (i.e., with greater than ~0.3% of the upstream catchment area affected by landslides), because of input of the 10Be-depleted landslide material, but showed no systematic changes where landslide occurrence was low. Changes in river sediment 10Be<inf>qtz</inf> concentration were largest in small first-order catchments but were still significant in large river basins with areas of 104-105 km2. Spatial and temporal variability in river sediment 10Be<inf>qtz</inf> has important implications for inferring representative denudation rates in tectonically active, landslide-dominated environments, even in large basins. Although the dilution of 10Be<inf>qtz</inf> in river sediment by landslide inputs may complicate interpretation of denudation rates, it also may provide a possible opportunity to track the transport of landslide sediment. The associated uncertainties are large, but in the Wenchuan case, calculations based on 10Be mixing proportions suggest that river sediment fluxes in the 2-3 years following the earthquake increased by a similar order of magnitude in the 0.25-1 mm and the <0.25 mm size fractions, as determined from 10Be<inf>qtz</inf> mixing calculations and hydrological gauging, respectively. Such information could provide new insight into sediment transfer, with implications for secondary sediment-related hazards and for understanding the removal of mass from mountains. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Cosmogenic nuclides; Denudation; Erosion; Landslides; Sediment; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Catchments; Earthquakes; Erosion; Landslides; Mixing; Quartz; Runoff; Sediments; Watersheds; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Bedrock landslides; Cosmogenic nuclides; Denudation; Earthquake-induced landslides; Mixing calculations; Spatial and temporal variability; Wenchuan Earthquake; Systematic changes; Rivers; bedrock; beryllium isotope; concentration (composition); denudation; detrital deposit; dilution; earthquake mechanism; erosion rate; fluvial deposit; landslide; quartz; river basin; Sichuan earthquake 2008; catchment; coseismic process; earthquake; earthquake magnitude; erosion; China; Min River [Sichuan]; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Anderson, Robert S., Explicit treatment of inheritance in dating depositional surfaces usine in situ 10Be and 26Al, Geology, 24, 1, pp. 47-51, (1996); 
Attal, Mikaël, Changes of bedload characteristics along the Marsyandi River (central Nepal): Implications for understanding hillslope sediment supply, sediment load evolution along fluvial networks, and denudation in active orogenic belts, Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, 398, pp. 143-171, (2006); 
Balco, Greg A., A complete and easily accessible means of calculating surface exposure ages or erosion rates from 10Be and 26Al measurements, Quaternary Geochronology, 3, 3, pp. 174-195, (2008); 
Benda, Lee E., Stochastic forcing of sediment supply to channel networks from landsliding and debris flow, Water Resources Research, 33, 12, pp. 2849-2863, (1997); 
Braucher, Régis, Production of cosmogenic radionuclides at great depth: A multi element approach, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 309, 1-2, pp. 1-9, (2011); 
Braucher, Régis, Determination of muon attenuation lengths in depth profiles from in situ produced cosmogenic nuclides, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 294, pp. 484-490, (2013); 
Brown, Erik Thorson, Denudation rates determined from the accumulation of in situ-produced 10Be in the luquillo experimental forest, Puerto Rico, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 129, 1-4, pp. 193-202, (1995); 
Burchfiel, B. Clark, Tectonics of the southeastern Tibetan plateau and its adjacent foreland, Memoir of the Geological Society of America, 210, pp. 1-164, (2013); 
Burchfiel, B. Clark, Tectonics of the Longmen Shan and Adjacent Regions, Central China, International Geology Review, 37, 8, pp. 661-735, (1995); 
Chappell, John M.A., Yangtse River sediments and erosion rates from source to sink traced with cosmogenic 10Be: Sediments from major rivers, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 241, 1, pp. 79-94, (2006)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Zhang, S., Zhang, L.M., Glade, T.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhang, Shuai (55092670700); Zhang, Limin Min (58883008100); Glade, Thomas W. (57192782350)
55092670700; 58883008100; 57192782350
Characteristics of earthquake- and rain-induced landslides near the epicenter of Wenchuan earthquake
(2014) Engineering Geology, 175, pp. 58 - 73, Cited 114 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2014.03.012
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84899699110&doi=10.1016%2Fj.enggeo.2014.03.012&partnerID=40&md5=bad3c8aea5bb4b12f5bf0b8369ab5cae

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Geography and Regional Research, Universität Wien, Vienna, Vienna, Austria
ABSTRACT: Numerous landslides were triggered by the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China, particularly near the epicenter. During the rainy season in 2010 after the earthquake, much of the landslide debris was reactivated, causing a large number of fatalities. The earthquake has a significant impact on the subsequent rain-induced landslides. Based on interpretation of satellite images taken in 2008 and 2010, combined with yearly field investigations, this paper attempts to (1) map the earthquake-induced landslides near the epicenter; (2) present the distribution of the landslides occurring during a subsequent extreme storm in the same area; and (3) compare the distribution characteristics of the earthquake-induced landslides and the rain-induced landslides. Through this study, the following findings were obtained: (1) the internal relief of the landslides in the study area is much higher than that in other affected regions of the Wenchuan earthquake zone (2) the landslide area in hard rocks (i.e. the granite and diorite zones) is much larger than that in alluvium; (3) the volume of hill-slope loose deposits decreased while the volume of channel deposits increased during the process of mass transportation caused by rainfall after the earthquake; (4) during the rainy seasons after the earthquake, the density of landslides increased while the area of landslides decreased significantly and the type of landslides transformed from debris slides to debris flows; and (5) the rain-induced landslides are less steeper than the earthquake-induced landslides. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flows; Landslides; Rain-induced landslides; Risk analysis; Slope stability; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Debris; Deposits; Landslides; Rain; Risk analysis; Slope protection; Slope stability; Storms; Debris flows; Distribution characteristics; Earthquake-induced landslides; Field investigation; Landslide areas; Loose deposits; Satellite images; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes; debris flow; earthquake epicenter; hard rock; landslide; rainfall; risk assessment; Sichuan earthquake 2008; slope stability; China
REFERENCES: Bhandary, Netra P., Areal distribution of large-scale landslides along highway corridors in central Nepal, Georisk, 7, 1, pp. 1-20, (2013); 
Chang, Dongsheng, Field testing of erodibility of two landslide dams triggered by the 12 May Wenchuan earthquake, Landslides, 8, 3, pp. 321-332, (2011); 
Chen, Hongxin, Mechanisms and runout characteristics of the rainfall-triggered debris flow in Xiaojiagou in Sichuan Province, China, Natural Hazards, 62, 3, pp. 1037-1057, (2012); 
Chen, Hongxin, Hybrid simulation of the initiation and runout characteristics of a catastrophic debris flow, Journal of Mountain Science, 10, 2, pp. 219-232, (2013); 
Cruden, David M., Landslide types and processes, Special Report - National Research Council, Transportation Research Board, 247, pp. 36-75, (1996); 
Risk Control of Landslides Induced by the Wenchuan Earthquake, (2011); 
Fredlund, Delwyin G., SHEAR STRENGTH OF UNSATURATED SOILS., Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 15, 3, pp. 313-321, (1978); 
Glade, Thomas W., Determination of potential landslide shear plane depth using seismic refraction - A case study in Rheinhessen, Germany, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 64, 2, pp. 151-158, (2005); 
Godt, Jonathan W., Alpine debris flows triggered by a 28 July 1999 thunderstorm in the central Front Range, Colorado, Geomorphology, 84, 1-2, pp. 80-97, (2007); 
Görüm, Tolga, Distribution pattern of earthquake-induced landslides triggered by the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Geomorphology, 133, 3-4, pp. 152-167, (2011)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Yang, C., Ding, H., Chen, N.-S.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Yang, Chenglin (55646442300); Ding, Haitao (55978674000); Chen, Ningsheng (8726157200)
55646442300; 55978674000; 8726157200
A debris flow hazard monitoring and early warning system based on formation and motion processes of debris flow
(2014) Journal of Natural Disasters, 23 (3), pp. 1 - 9, Cited 6 times.
DOI: 10.13577/j.jnd.2014.0301
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84916881657&doi=10.13577%2Fj.jnd.2014.0301&partnerID=40&md5=1b5f4808ca09e4122a3721fa0742d762

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: According to the massive total volume, group-occurring debris flows in the Wenchuan earthquake stricken area, the monitoring and early warning system will be an economic and effective measure. Based on analysis of past performance of debris flow early warning and existing problems, this paper proposed a new debris flow hazard monitoring and early warning system based on the formation and motion mechanism of debris flow. The new system consists of rainfall monitoring, fluid level monitoring, pore-water pressure monitoring, soil moisture monitoring, ground vibration monitoring and video monitoring. And the early warning levels were established after the comprehensive analysis of the threshold values of all these monitorings. It would be suitable to use this comprehensive monitoring and early warning system for protecting debris flow threatened areas in the Wenchuan Earthquake stricken area.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flows; Earthquake; Formation process; Monitoring and early warning system; Motion process
INDEX KEYWORDS: debris flow; early warning system; environmental monitoring; formation mechanism; ground motion; hazard assessment; porewater; Sichuan earthquake 2008
REFERENCES: Arattano, Massimo, On the use of seismic detectors as monitoring and warning systems for debris flows, Natural Hazards, 20, 2-3, pp. 197-213, (1999); 
Zhang, Shucheng, A Comprehensive Approach to the Observation and Prevention of Debris Flows in China, Natural Hazards, 7, 1, pp. 1-23, (1993); 
Itakura, Yasumasa, Basic characteristics of ground vibration sensors for the detection of debris flow, Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere, 25, 9, pp. 717-720, (2000); 
Hürlimann, Marcel, Field and monitoring data of debris-flow events in the Swiss Alps, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 40, 1, pp. 161-175, (2003); 
Uddin, Mohammad Shorif, Adaptive computer-based spatial-filtering method for more accurate estimation of the surface velocity of debris flowr, Applied Optics, 38, 32, pp. 6714-6721, (1999); 
Debris Flow Hazards Mitigation Mechanics Prediction and Assessment, (2000); 
Itakura, Yasumasa, A debris-flow monitoring devices and methods bibliography, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 5, 6, pp. 971-977, (2005); 
Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, (1988); 
Journal of Catastrophology, (1992); 
J Mountain Science, (2001)
PUBLISHER: Science Press
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Ding, H.-R., Li, Y., Ni, S., Ma, G., Shi, S., Zhao, G.-H., Yan, L., Yan, Z.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Ding, Hairong (41761303700); Li, Yong (57246524500); Ni, Shijun (7101821807); Ma, Guangwen (8331319100); Shi, Zeming (8271482900); Zhao, Guohua (55884056400); Yan, Liang (55330368900); Yan, Zhaokun (36505404500)
41761303700; 57246524500; 7101821807; 8331319100; 8271482900; 55884056400; 55330368900; 36505404500
Increased sediment discharge driven by heavy rainfall after Wenchuan earthquake: A case study in the upper reaches of the Min River, Sichuan, China
(2014) Quaternary International, 333, pp. 122 - 129, Cited 21 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.quaint.2014.01.019
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84900503550&doi=10.1016%2Fj.quaint.2014.01.019&partnerID=40&md5=55b9cf511d5b0f68e0b5c667207960ed

AFFILIATIONS: College of Water Resources and Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; College of Nuclear Technology and Automation Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: The Wenchuan earthquake with magnitude 8.0 hit Longmen Mountain on May 12, 2008. The coseismic deformation changed the slope in an instant and caused massive outbreaks of landslides and debris flows, which altered the river transport system. The seismic landslides, debris flows and subsequent heavy rainfall and flooding increased sediment discharge. Data on sediment discharge, rainfall, landslides, and debris flows were collected in this study for 1980-2010 to describe the effects of the Wenchuan earthquake and post-earthquake heavy rainfall on the increase in sediment discharge in the upper reaches of the Min River. The relationship between precipitation, sediment discharge, landslides, and debris flows before and after the Wenchuan earthquake in the upper reaches of the Min River was analyzed. The variation trends of sediment discharge in the river basin before and after the earthquake were calculated quantitatively. The research results can be summarized as follows: (1) Sediment discharge increased by approximately 30% due to coseismic uplift, coseismic landslides, and debris flows after the Wenchuan earthquake. (2) The sediment discharge caused by heavy rainfall after the earthquake was 1.75 times larger than before the earthquake. The percentage contribution of the sediment yield of debris flows induced by heavy rainfall after the earthquake to the increase in sediment discharge was 34.54%. (3) The heavy rainfall zone basically coincided with the earthquake fault zone and the seismic landslide zone. Therefore, there was a positive-feedback relationship between the increase of sediment discharge and heavy rainfall after the Wenchuan earthquake. (4) The loosening of surface materials and landslides driven by the Wenchuan earthquake resulted in an increase in sediment discharge into the river, bringing about a great disaster which will need to be addressed in the coming decades. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA.
INDEX KEYWORDS: coseismic process; debris flow; deformation; earthquake magnitude; landslide; rainfall; sediment; sediment transport; sediment yield; Sichuan earthquake 2008; China; Min River [Sichuan]; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Proceedings International Conference in Commemoration of the 10th Anniversary of the Chi Chi Earthquake, (2009); 
Soil and Water Conservation in China, (2011); 
Nature Geoscience, (2013); 
Lin, Ching-Wee Weei, Impacts of the Chi-Chi earthquake on subsequent rainfall-induced landslides in central Taiwan, Engineering Geology, 86, 2-3, pp. 87-101, (2006); 
Lin, Ching-Wee Weei, Impact of Chi-Chi earthquake on the occurrence of landslides and debris flows: Example from the Chenyulan River watershed, Nantou, Taiwan, Engineering Geology, 71, 1-2, pp. 49-61, (2004); 
Ma, Yu, Research on the disaster of debris flow of Bayi Gully, Longchi, Dujiangyan, Sichuan on august 13, 2010, Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 43, SUPPL. 1, pp. 92-98, (2011); 
Parker, Robert N., Mass wasting triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake is greater than orogenic growth, Nature Geoscience, 4, 7, pp. 449-452, (2011); 
Tang, Chuan, Field investigation and research on giant debris flow on August 14, 2010 in Yingxiu town, epicenter of Wenchuan earthquake, Diqiu Kexue - Zhongguo Dizhi Daxue Xuebao/Earth Science - Journal of China University of Geosciences, 36, 1, pp. 172-180, (2011); 
Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering, (2011)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier Ltd
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Yuan, R., Tang, C.-L., Hu, J.-C., Xiwei, X.-W.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Yuan, Renmao (7202708506); Tang, Chaolung (23104300500); Hu, Jyr-Ching Ching (7406417594); Xiwei, Xu (8246843900)
7202708506; 23104300500; 7406417594; 8246843900
Mechanism of the Donghekou landslide triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake revealed by discrete element modeling
(2014) Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 14 (5), pp. 1195 - 1205, Cited 47 times.
DOI: 10.5194/nhess-14-1195-2014
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84901413203&doi=10.5194%2Fnhess-14-1195-2014&partnerID=40&md5=bdc258694d8cc2c335afe7663308efcc

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Active Tectonics and Volcano, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing, China; Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Geosciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
ABSTRACT: The huge Donghekou landslide was triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake in 2008 with about 2.4 × 107 m3 of rock displaced. The landslide is considered as an example of an earthquake-induced "ejection" event, where dislocated slope materials was expelled over a section of the slope, but the kinematic processes are not well understood. We used the 2-D granular discrete element method to characterize the kinematic behavior and mechanics of this "ejection landslide". The initial boundary conditions were applied along the ball-wall contacts by using derived velocities integrated from strong motion data with a duration of 125 s, including the peak acceleration near the Donghekou area. The constraints were primarily determined from the final geometry of the landslide and geological structures to account for the actual landslide characteristics. Simulated results showed that the large local seismic acceleration and a free face under the sliding body, caused by the dip difference between the upper slide face and the natural slope, originated from the activation of the landslide. For the lower sliding body, its kinematic mechanism was changed during sliding. Initially it was a push-type landslide, and then gradually changed to a retrogressive landslide. The eroded bed on the slope during the landslide had the potential of slightly increasing the runout distance from 1435 to 1519 m, and was predicted in the numerical simulation. © 2014 Author(s).
INDEX KEYWORDS: discrete choice analysis; earthquake event; earthquake mechanism; landslide; peak acceleration; Sichuan earthquake 2008; slope stability; two-dimensional modeling; China; Donghekou; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Campbell, C. S., Large-scale landslide simulations: global deformation, velocities and basal friction, Journal of Geophysical Research, 100, B5, pp. 8267-8283, (1995); 
Central Geological Survey Republic of China Landslide Disasters of Taiwan, (2000); 
Geological Causes and Geomorphological Precursors of the Tsaoling Landslide Triggered by the, (1999); 
Taiwan Eng Geol, (2003); 
Landslides from Massive Rock Slope Failure, (2006); 
Cruden, David M., Landslide types and processes, Special Report - National Research Council, Transportation Research Board, 247, pp. 36-75, (1996); 
Proceedings of the Symposium of the International Society of Rock Mechanics, (1971); 
Cundall, Peter A., A discrete numerical model for granular assemblies, Geotechnique, 29, 1, pp. 47-65, (1979); 
Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011); 
J Geophys Res, (2004)
PUBLISHER: European Geosciences Union egs@copernicus.org
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Ren, D.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Ren, Diandong (7202033979)
7202033979
The devastating Zhouqu storm-triggered debris flow of August 2010: Likely causes and possible trends in a future warming climate
(2014) Journal of Geophysical Research, 119 (7), pp. 3643 - 3662, Cited 26 times.
DOI: 10.1002/2013JD020881
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84942422795&doi=10.1002%2F2013JD020881&partnerID=40&md5=386d507e940a931f7444fcbd1523e962

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Imaging and Applied Physics, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
ABSTRACT: On 8 August 2010 in the northwestern Chinese province of Gansu, a rainstorm-triggered debris flow devastated the small county of Zhouqu. A modeling study, using a new multiple-phase scalable and extensible geofluid model, suggests that the cause is an intersection of several events. These were a heavy rainstorm, not necessarily the result of global warming, which triggered the landslide and followed a drought that created surface cracks and crevasses; the geology of the region, notably the loess covering heavily weathered surface rock; and the bedrock damage, that deepened the surface crevasses inflicted by the 7.9 magnitude Wenchuan earthquake of 12 May 2008. Deforestation and topsoil erosion were critical contributors to the massive size of the debris flow. The modeling results underscore the urgency for a high-priority program of revegetation of Zhouqu County, without which the region will remain exposed to future disastrous, “progressive bulking” type landslides. Debris flows are more predictable types of landslides; consequently, a series of “pseudo climate change” model experiments of future extreme precipitation events are carried out using the Weather Research and Forecasting model, forced by temperature perturbations from an ensemble of climate models. In a possibly future warmer climate, extreme precipitation events are anticipated to be more severe, and this study has identified an atmospheric blocking pattern that might produce future extreme precipitation events in the peri-Tibetan Plateau (TP) area (located to the northeast of the TP). Importantly, observations from gravity field measuring satellites indicate that the larger geological environment of this region also is becoming increasingly unstable. © 2014. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.
INDEX KEYWORDS: atmospheric modeling; bedrock; debris flow; deforestation; extreme event; flooding; global warming; landslide; perturbation; precipitation (climatology); satellite data; Sichuan earthquake 2008; storm; China; Gansu; Qinghai-Xizang Plateau; Zhouqu
REFERENCES: Annals of Probability, (1974); 
Trigrs A Fortran Program for Transient Rainfall Infiltration and Grid Based Regional Slope Stability Analysis, (2002); 
Geological Hazards, (1975); 
Browning, Keith A., Structure of low‐level jet streams ahead of mid‐latitude cold fronts, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 99, 422, pp. 619-638, (1973); 
Chu, Shutung, Infiltration during an unsteady rain, Water Resources Research, 14, 3, pp. 461-466, (1978); 
An Introduction to Statistical Modeling of Extreme Values, (2001); 
Landslides in Practice Investigation Analysis and Remedial Preventative Options in Soils, (2005); 
Advanced Synoptic Meteorology, (2005); 
Emori, Seita, Dynamic and thermodynamic changes in mean and extreme precipitation under changed climate, Geophysical Research Letters, 32, 17, pp. 1-5, (2005); 
Freeze, R. Allan, Groundwater., (1979)
PUBLISHER: Wiley-Blackwell info@wiley.com
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Hua-Jun, M., Yuan-Jun, J., Jian-Ping, Q.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Hua-Jun, Meng (57209427391); Yuan-Jun, Jiang (57209433187); Jian-Ping, Qiao (36617325600)
57209427391; 57209433187; 36617325600
Precipitation threshold study of gulley debris flow in earthquake-influenced area based on physical model experiment
(2014) International Journal of Earth Sciences and Engineering, 7 (2), pp. 496 - 502, Cited 0 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84928104040&partnerID=40&md5=35afb852ca5a4eb182a737e910bd2de3

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: A reasonable precipitation threshold model is the key to timely and accurately warning debris flow. In the past few years, debris flow events frequently ravaged Wenchuan earthquake influenced area, however, the deficiency of statistical data between precipitation and debris flow events hampers the warning of debris flow. In this paper, we reviewed the study methods of various debris flow warning models at home and abroad firstly. We analyzed the forming conditions and process of gulley debris flow and the triggering mechanism of hydraulic debris flow, and proposed a calculation method for precipitation threshold of gulley debris flow in earthquake-influenced area based on physical model experiments. Taking Meizilin Gully in Pengzhou City, Sichuan province as an example, we established a precipitation threshold model for debris flow warning by this method and analyzed the thresholds. Finally, we obtained debris flow volume concentration ratio according to the fitting relationship of model experiment data, and determined the types of debris flow. The calculation method provided a new perspective for debris flow warning in earthquake-influenced area. © 2014 CAFET-INNOVA TECHNICAL SOCIETY.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flow; Earthquake-influenced area; Physical model experiment; Precipitation threshold
INDEX KEYWORDS: Earthquakes; Debris flows; Forming conditions; Model experiments; Physical model experiments; Precipitation threshold; Statistical datas; Triggering mechanism; Wenchuan Earthquake; Debris; debris flow; experimental study; gully erosion; hazard assessment; precipitation (climatology); Sichuan earthquake 2008; threshold; China; Pengzhou; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Prediction and Forecast of Precipitation Debris Flow and Landslidetake West Sichuan as A Case Study, (1994); 
Caine, Nel, The rainfall intensity-duration control of shallow landslides and debris flows., Geografiska Annaler, Series A: Physical Geography, 62, 1-2, pp. 23-27, (1980); 
California Geology, (1985); 
Wieczorek, Gerald F., Effect of rainfall intensity and duration on debris flows in central Santa Cruz Moutains, California, pp. 93-104, (1987); 
Jibson, Randall W., Debris flows in southern Puerto Rico, Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, 236, pp. 29-55, (1989); 
Morán, Mitchelle C., A rainfall intensity-duration threshold for landslides in a humid- tropical environment, Puerto Rico, Geografiska Annaler, Series A: Physical Geography, 75 A, 1-2, pp. 13-23, (1993); 
Chen, Chienyuan, Rainfall duration and debris-flow initiated studies for real-time monitoring, Environmental Geology, 47, 5, pp. 715-724, (2005); 
Hong, Yong, The influence of intense rainfall on the activity of large-scale crystalline schist landslides in Shikoku Island, Japan, Landslides, 2, 2, pp. 97-105, (2005); 
Dahal, Ranjan Kumar, Failure characteristics of rainfall-induced shallow landslides in granitic terrains of Shikoku Island of Japan, Environmental Geology, 56, 7, pp. 1295-1310, (2009); 
Saito, Hitoshi, Relationship between the initiation of a shallow landslide and rainfall intensity-duration thresholds in Japan, Geomorphology, 118, 1-2, pp. 167-175, (2010)
PUBLISHER: CAFET INNOVA Technical Society cafetinnova@gmail.com 1-2-18/103, Mohini Mansion, Gagan Mahal Road, Domalguda, Hyderabad 500029
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Xu, B., Yan, C., Lu, Q., He, D.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Xu, Baotian (15754838900); Yan, Changhong (15754602200); Lu, Qiushen (56161421400); He, Donglin (56162050300)
15754838900; 15754602200; 56161421400; 56162050300
Stability assessment of Jinlong village landslide, Sichuan
(2014) Environmental Earth Sciences, 71 (7), pp. 3049 - 3061, Cited 12 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s12665-013-2682-7
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84900585144&doi=10.1007%2Fs12665-013-2682-7&partnerID=40&md5=bd5d25aa3ab292a6d382e58b23c206f6

AFFILIATIONS: School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Shandong Zhengyuan Construction Engineering Co. Ltd, Jinan, Shandong, China
ABSTRACT: The Jinlong village landslide is located in Zitong County, Sichuan and approximately 150 km east of Wenchuan. The landslide has exhibited creep deformation for nearly 30 years. Field investigations indicated that the slope deformation was caused by the combined effects of unfavorable topographic and geological conditions and earthquakes. The sliding surface is along a contact between silty clay and mudstone. The Wenchuan earthquake accelerated the creep, causing bulging of the ground surface. Shear test results of the silty clay near the sliding surface indicated that the residual strength is consistent with the stability state of the landslide. The factors of safety were calculated using the limit equilibrium method (LEM) and the method of fast Lagrangian analysis of continua in two dimensions. The results using the LEM indicate that the stability is clearly affected by seismic shaking, and when the peak ground acceleration is 0.08g, the slope reaches the limit state. The shear failure surface given by numerical simulation develops on the contact between the clay and silty mudstone, which confirmed the assumed sliding surfaces' location using the LEM. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Deformation mechanism; Earthquake; GSI; Stability assessment; Strength reduction
INDEX KEYWORDS: Deformation mechanism; Fast Lagrangian analysis of continuum; Geological conditions; GSI; Limit equilibrium methods; Peak ground acceleration; Stability assessment; Strength reduction; Creep; Earthquakes; Rural areas; System stability; Landslides; creep; Lagrangian analysis; landslide; rural area; shear flow; silty clay; simulation; slope stability; stability analysis; China; Sichuan; Zitong
REFERENCES: Brideau, Marc André, Structural and engineering geology of the East Gate Landslide, Purcell Mountains, British Columbia, Canada, Engineering Geology, 84, 3-4, pp. 183-206, (2006); 
Cheung, Raymond Wai Man, Reliability of deteriorating slopes, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering - ASCE, 131, 5, pp. 589-597, (2005); 
Analysis of the Cause of the M8 0 Wenchuan Earthquake, (2008); 
Cui, Peng, Landslide-dammed lake at Tangjiashan, Sichuan province, China (triggered by the Wenchuan Earthquake, May 12, 2008): Risk assessment, mitigation strategy, and lessons learned, Environmental Earth Sciences, 65, 4, pp. 1055-1065, (2012); 
Dawson, Ethan M., Slope stability analysis by strength reduction, Geotechnique, 49, 6, pp. 835-840, (1999); 
Deng, Jianhui, Three-dimensional stability evaluation of a preexisting landslide with multiple sliding directions by the strength-reduction technique, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 44, 3, pp. 343-354, (2007); 
Duncan, James Michael, State of the art: Limit equilibrium and finite-element analysis of slopes, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering - ASCE, 122, 7, pp. 577-596, (1996); 
Frayssines, Magali, Failure mechanisms and triggering factors in calcareous cliffs of the Subalpine Ranges (French Alps), Engineering Geology, 86, 4, pp. 256-270, (2006); 
Madhavi Latha, G., Seismic stability analysis of a himalayan rock slope, Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 43, 6, pp. 831-843, (2010); 
Hoek, E., Practical estimates of rock mass strength, International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences and Geomechanics, 34, 8, pp. 1165-1186, (1997)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Liu, S.-J., Lin, Y.-B., Hu, C.-H., Luo, M.-L., Zhang, B.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Liu, Shoujiang (25650208200); Lin, Yebin (36480244000); Hu, Cuihua (56083720500); Luo, Mingliang (35113352700); Zhang, Bin (55605769056)
25650208200; 36480244000; 56083720500; 35113352700; 55605769056
Natural recovery of vegetation on the 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake extra-large landslide
(2014), 1, pp. 365 - 368, Cited 0 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84896873511&partnerID=40&md5=e5f7b02ae68037054f3cb2ffada8fbc7

AFFILIATIONS: Land and Resources College, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: This study was conducted on a landside mass at Xiejiadian Village, Lonemenshan Town, caused by Wenchuan earthquake. Based on 5 years' permanent plot surveys, plant community composition, species diversity, and biomass were analyzed. The results showed that: from 2008 to 2013, the species composition of plant communities has been in abundance; species diversity indices are high; the plant community has a big biomass already. © 2014 Taylor & Francis Group, London.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Landslide mass; Natural succession; Vegetation; Wenchuan earthquake; Xiejiadian; Yinchanggou
INDEX KEYWORDS: Landslide mass; Natural succession; Wenchuan Earthquake; Xiejiadian; Yinchanggou; Biodiversity; Forestry; Landslides; Vegetation; Earthquakes
REFERENCES: Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences, (2007); 
Gao, Bangquan, Species diversity of Brasenia schreberi community in different habitats, Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 18, 2, pp. 283-287, (2007); 
Scientia Silvae Sinicae, (2002); 
Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, (2007); 
Acta Pedologica Sinica, (2005); 
Man and the Biosphere, (2008); 
Journal of Nanjing Forestry University, (2007); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2010); 
Acta Ecologica Sinica, (1995); 
Chinese Biodiversity, (1994)
SPONSORS: International Frontiers of Science and, Technology Research Association, Hong Kong Control Engineering and Information, Science Research Association
CONFERENCE NAME: 2013 2nd International Conference on Frontiers of Energy and Environment Engineering, ICFEEE 2013
CONFERENCE DATE: 2013-11-28 through 2013-11-29
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Li, Z., Jiao, Q., Liu, L., Tang, H., Liu, T.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Li, Zhenwang (57221667495); Jiao, Quanjun (23492392400); Liu, Liangyun (8600097300); Tang, Huan (56277830100); Liu, Tong (56988068200)
57221667495; 23492392400; 8600097300; 56277830100; 56988068200
Monitoring geologic hazards and vegetation recovery in the wenchuan earthquake region using aerial photography
(2014) ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 3 (1), pp. 368 - 390, Cited 16 times.
DOI: 10.3390/ijgi3010368
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84930016937&doi=10.3390%2Fijgi3010368&partnerID=40&md5=41b7495a797e2f562f08824c67cc2953

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: On 12 May 2008, the 8.0-magnitude Wenchuan earthquake occurred in Sichuan Province, China, triggering thousands of landslides, debris flows, and barrier lakes, leading to a substantial loss of life and damage to the local environment and infrastructure. This study aimed to monitor the status of geologic hazards and vegetation recovery in a post-earthquake disaster area using high-resolution aerial photography from 2008 to 2011, acquired from the Center for Earth Observation and Digital Earth (CEODE), Chinese Academy of Sciences. The distribution and range of hazards were identified in 15 large, representative geologic hazard areas triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake. After conducting an overlay analysis, the variations of these hazards between successive years were analyzed to reflect the geologic hazard development and vegetation recovery. The results showed that in the first year after the Wenchuan earthquake, debris flows occurred frequently with high intensity. Resultantly, with the source material becoming less available and the slope structure stabilizing, the intensity and frequency of debris flows gradually decreased with time. The development rate of debris flows between 2008 and 2011 was 3% per year. The lithology played a dominant role in the formation of debris flows, and the topography and hazard size in the earthquake affected area also had an influence on the debris flow development process. Meanwhile, the overall geologic hazard area decreased at 12% per year, and the vegetation recovery on the landslide mass was 15% to 20% per year between 2008 and 2011. The outcomes of this study provide supporting data for ecological recovery as well as debris flow control and prevention projects in hazard-prone areas. © 2014 by the authors.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Aerial photography; Debris flow; Landslide; Vegetation recovery; Wenchuan earthquake
REFERENCES: Cui, Peng, The 12 May Wenchuan earthquake-induced landslide lakes: Distribution and preliminary risk evaluation, Landslides, 6, 3, pp. 209-223, (2009); 
Earth Science Frontiers, (2009); 
Lu, Tao, Monitoring vegetation recovery after China's May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake using Landsat TM time-series data: A case study in Mao County, Ecological Research, 27, 5, pp. 955-966, (2012); 
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences, (2008); 
Journal of Catastrophology, (2003); 
Tronin, A. A., Satellite remote sensing in seismology. A review, Remote Sensing, 2, 1, pp. 124-150, (2010); 
Dong, Yanfang, Extracting damages caused by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake from SAR remote sensing data, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 907-914, (2011); 
Ehrlich, Daniele, Identifying damage caused by the 2008 wenchuan earthquake from VHR remote sensing data, International Journal of Digital Earth, 2, 4, pp. 309-326, (2009); 
Rathje, Ellen M., Remote sensing observations of landslides and ground deformation from the 2004 Niigata Ken Chuetsu earthquake, Soils and Foundations, 46, 6, pp. 831-842, (2006); 
Fu, Bihong, Mapping active fault associated with the 2003 Mw 6.6 Bam (SE Iran) earthquake with ASTER 3D images, Remote Sensing of Environment, 92, 2, pp. 153-157, (2004)
PUBLISHER: MDPI AG Postfach Basel CH-4005
DOCUMENT TYPE: Review
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS; GREEN ACCEPTED OPEN ACCESS; GREEN OPEN ACCESS

Liu, H.-X., Xu, Q., Li, Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Liu, Hangxiang (54389411400); Xu, Qiang (56506033600); Li, Yanrong (55387899600)
54389411400; 56506033600; 55387899600
Effect of lithology and structure on seismic response of steep slope in a shaking table test
(2014) Journal of Mountain Science, 11 (2), pp. 371 - 383, Cited 76 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11629-013-2790-6
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84901764210&doi=10.1007%2Fs11629-013-2790-6&partnerID=40&md5=7fa4bf08af8f2a9c0c71e157de2330f8

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; AGECON Ltd., Hong Kong, China
ABSTRACT: Studies on landslides by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake showed that topography was of great importance in amplifying the seismic shaking, and among other factors, lithology and slope structure controlled the spatial occurrence of slope failures. The present study carried out experiments on four rock slopes with steep angle of 60° by means of a shaking table. The recorded Wenchuan earthquake waves were scaled to excite the model slopes. Measurements from accelerometers installed on free surface of the model slope were analyzed, with much effort on timedomain acceleration responses to horizontal components of seismic shaking. It was found that the amplification factor of peak horizontal acceleration, RPHA, was increasing with elevation of each model slope, though the upper and lower halves of the slope exhibited different increasing patterns. As excitation intensity was increased, the drastic deterioration of the imler structure of each slope caused the sudden increase of RPHA in the upper slope part. In addition, the model simulating the soft rock slope produced the larger RPHA than the model simulating the hard rock slope by a maximum factor of 2.6. The layered model slope also produced the larger RpHA than the homogeneous model slope by a maximum factor of 2.7- The upper half of a slope was influenced more seriously by the effect of lithology, while the lower half was influenced more seriously by the effect of slope structure. © Science Press and Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, CAS and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2014.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Lithology; Seismic response; Shaking table test; Slope structure; Topography
INDEX KEYWORDS: earthquake event; lithology; seismic response; shaking table test; slope; topography
REFERENCES: Ashford, Scott A., Analysis of topographic amplification of inclined shear waves in a steep coastal bluff, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 87, 3, pp. 692-700, (1997); 
Asimaki, Domniki, Effects of local soil conditions on the topographic aggravation of seismic motion: Parametric investigation and recorded field evidence from the 1999 Athens earthquake, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 95, 3, pp. 1059-1089, (2005); 
Athanasopoulos, G., Effects of surface topography on seismic ground response in the Egion (Greece) 15 June 1995 earthquake, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 18, 2, pp. 135-149, (1999); 
Beresnev, Igor A., Seismological evidence for nonlinear elastic ground behavior during large earthquakes, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 14, 2, pp. 103-114, (1995); 
Bouckovalas, George D., Numerical evaluation of slope topography effects on seismic ground motion, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 25, 7-10, pp. 547-558, (2005); 
Bozzano, Francesca, Earthquake triggering of landslides in highly jointed rock masses: Reconstruction of the 1783 Scilla rock avalanche (Italy), Geomorphology, 129, 3-4, pp. 294-308, (2011); 
Chen, Yong, Wenchuan earthquake: Way of thinking is changed, Episodes, 31, 4, pp. 374-377, (2008); 
Chigira, Masahiro, Landslides induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China, Geomorphology, 118, 3-4, pp. 225-238, (2010); 
Cui, Peng, The 12 May Wenchuan earthquake-induced landslide lakes: Distribution and preliminary risk evaluation, Landslides, 6, 3, pp. 209-223, (2009); 
Curtis, W. D., Dimensional analysis and the pi theorem, Linear Algebra and Its Applications, 47, C, pp. 117-126, (1982)
PUBLISHER: Science Press
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Ge, Y., Zou, Q., Zhang, J., Guo, X.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Ge, Yonggang (26039083000); Zou, Qiang (57203216238); Zhang, Jianqiang (35212366900); Guo, Xiaojun (55636231600)
26039083000; 57203216238; 35212366900; 55636231600
Hazards on dujiangyan-wenchuan highways induced by catastrophic debris flows on July 10 2013 and prevention
(2014) Applied Mechanics and Materials, 501-504, pp. 2463 - 2472, Cited 3 times.
DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.501-504.2463
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84893943091&doi=10.4028%2Fwww.scientific.net%2FAMM.501-504.2463&partnerID=40&md5=ad2a5b61848ea90f696e1a76afad34e3

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; School of Environment and Resource, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: After the Wenchuan Earthquake on May 12 2008, the highways from Dujiangyan to Wenchuan, a crucial passage from Chengdu to Sichuan Western Plateau and Gansu province, are always seriously endangered by landslides, debris flows and their following hazards. Hundreds of debris flows from watersheds, gullies and slopes on July 10 2013 produced fatal hazards and destruction on the Highway G213 and the Express Highway from Yingxiu to Wenchuan. The debris flows are characterized by numerous-occurrence, large flux (645~2238m3/s) and large magnitude (5~126×104m3) as well as the hazard chain process which is composed of debris flow, dammed lake and outburst flood. The highways were seriously destructed and blocked in 16 sites, which were induced by 6 collapsed bridges, 3 submerged bridges, 3 buried tunnel entrances, 1 site collapsed highway base and 7 sites buried highway base or bridges, and the traffic was completely interrupted. Based on analyzing the destruction modes of highways, it was found that the large-scale and potential debris flows and the irrational location of some sections, vulnerable protection measures and low resistant capability of highways against debris flows were responsible for huge highway destructions. Considering the active debris flows in the future at least 5~10 years, it was strongly suggested that potential debris flow identification, integrated management of disastrous watershed, dangerous road line altering, increasing and strengthening protection constructions at dangerous section and improving highway reconstruction standard should be carried out for highway protection and traffic security. © (2014) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Causes; Debris flows; Hazards; Highway destruction; Prevention
REFERENCES: Cui, Peng, The Wenchuan Earthquake (May 12, 2008), Sichuan Province, China, and resulting geohazards, Natural Hazards, 56, 1, pp. 19-36, (2011); 
Cui, Peng, Characteristics and countermeasures of debris flow in Wenchuan area after the earthquake, Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 42, 5, pp. 10-19, (2010); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2010); 
Tang, Chuan, Rainfall-triggered debris flows following the Wenchuan earthquake, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 68, 2, pp. 187-194, (2009); 
Xu, Qiang, The 13 August 2010 catastrophic debris flows after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 12, 1, pp. 201-216, (2012); 
Tang, Chuan, Catastrophic debris flows triggered by a 14 August 2010 rainfall at the epicenter of the Wenchuan earthquake, Landslides, 8, 4, pp. 485-497, (2011); 
Ge, Yonggang, Characteristics and causes of 8·18 debris flow hazards at the Longmenshan Town, Pengzhou, Sichuan, Shuili Xuebao/Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 43, SUPPL. 2, pp. 147-154, (2012); 
Cui, Peng, Risk assessment of highways affected by debris flows in Wenchuan earthquake area, Journal of Mountain Science, 10, 2, pp. 173-189, (2013); 
J Catastrophology, (2012)
CONFERENCE NAME: 3rd International Conference on Civil Engineering and Transportation, ICCET 2013
CONFERENCE DATE: 2013-12-14 through 2013-12-15
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Liu, J.-W., Huang, B., Deng, H., Ling, D.-S., Guo, X.-G., Gao, M.-B.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Liu, Jingwen (56103239700); Huang, Bo (55726004300); Deng, Hui (36625215600); Ling, Daosheng (7101774195); Guo, Xiaoguang (56102220400); Gao, Meibeng (56102320800)
56103239700; 55726004300; 36625215600; 7101774195; 56102220400; 56102320800
Shaking table tests and throwing phenomenon of deposit slopes under earthquakes
(2014) Yantu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 36 (2), pp. 307 - 311, Cited 20 times.
DOI: 10.11779/CJGE201402006
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84897689878&doi=10.11779%2FCJGE201402006&partnerID=40&md5=3c006dcd75bdb6858b44a0dfedaaa4dd

AFFILIATIONS: Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: The deposit slope is very typical along the highway from Dujiangyan to Wenchuan, China, where "5.12" Wenchuan Earthquake took place. The investigation of "5.12" Wenchuan Earthquake shows that most of the landslides occur in those slopes. In order to study the seismic failure mode of this kind of widely distributed slope, 1g shaking table model tests are carried out to study the mechanism of slope instability. According to the test results, difference responses between the deposit and the rock bed under dynamic conditions make the failure mode of the deposit slope different from those under the static conditions. A throwing phenomenon occurs at the upper part under the combination of horizontal and vertical shaking, which is widely reported in "5.12" Wenchuan Earthquake. A mathematical model is established to analyze the throwing phenomenon under earthquakes, and it is found that this phenomenon can happen only when the crack opening angle meets some conditions.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Deposit slope; Physical model; Seismic failure mechanism; Throwing phenomenon
INDEX KEYWORDS: Crack opening angles; Dynamic condition; Physical model; Seismic failure mechanism; Shaking table model test; Shaking table tests; Throwing phenomenon; Wenchuan Earthquake; Deposits; Failure (mechanical); Mathematical models; Earthquakes
REFERENCES: Journal of Engineering Geology, (2006); 
Ji, Suiwang, Analysis of typical seismic damages of highways in Wenchuan earthquake-induced hazard areas in Sichuan Province, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 28, 6, pp. 1250-1260, (2009); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2008); 
Huang, Runqiu, Mechanism and geomechanical modes of landslide hazards triggered by Wenchuan 8.0 earthquake, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 28, 6, pp. 1239-1249, (2009); 
Wang, Yunsheng, Study of formation conditions and toss motion program of high landslides induced by earthquake, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 28, 11, pp. 2360-2368, (2009); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2010); 
Xu, Guangxing, Large-scale shaking table model test study on dynamic characteristics and dynamic responses of slope, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 27, 3, pp. 624-632, (2008); 
Zhang, Minzheng, Study on similitude laws for shaking table tests, 17, 2, pp. 57-58, (1997); 
Zuo, Baocheng, Research on similar material of slope simulation experiment, Yantu Lixue/Rock and Soil Mechanics, 25, 11, pp. 1805-1808, (2004)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Chen, Z., Zhang, B., Han, Y., Zuo, Z., Zhang, X.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Chen, Zhengchao (7409481437); Zhang, Bing (8835983800); Han, Yongshun (8045872900); Zuo, Zhengli (15129287700); Zhang, Xiaoyong (37092262300)
7409481437; 8835983800; 8045872900; 15129287700; 37092262300
Modeling accumulated volume of landslides using remote sensing and DTM data
(2014) Remote Sensing, 6 (2), pp. 1514 - 1537, Cited 40 times.
DOI: 10.3390/rs6021514
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84894629166&doi=10.3390%2Frs6021514&partnerID=40&md5=12d4f8dcaec394739490bd86eb642298

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; Hunan Province Engineering Laboratory of Geospatial Information, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, China; National Earthquake Response Support Service, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Landslides, like other natural hazards, such as avalanches, floods, and debris flows, may result in a lot of property damage and human casualties. The volume of landslide deposits is a key parameter for landslide studies and disaster relief. Using remote sensing and digital terrain model (DTM) data, this paper analyzes errors that can occur in calculating landslide volumes using conventional models. To improve existing models, the mechanisms and laws governing the material deposited by landslides are studied and then the mass balance principle and mass balance line are defined. Based on these ideas, a novel and improved model (Mass Balance Model, MBM) is proposed. By using a parameter called the "height adaptor", MBM translates the volume calculation into an automatic search for the mass balance line within the scope of the landslide. Due to the use of mass balance constraints and the height adaptor, MBM is much more effective and reliable. A test of MBM was carried out for the case of a typical landslide, triggered by the Wenchuan Earthquake of 12 May 2008. © 2014 by the authors.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Digital terrain model (DTM); Landslide; Mass balance; Remote sensing; Volume calculation; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: World Disasters Report 2001, (2001); 
Yin, Yueping, Landslide hazards triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China, Landslides, 6, 2, pp. 139-152, (2009); 
Assilzadeh, Hamid, Landslide catastrophes and disaster risk reduction: A GIS framework for landslide prevention and management, Remote Sensing, 2, 9, pp. 2259-2273, (2010); 
Guzzetti, Fausto, Probabilistic landslide hazard assessment at the basin scale, Geomorphology, 72, 1-4, pp. 272-299, (2005); 
Nichol, Janet Elizabeth, Application of high-resolution stereo satellite images to detailed landslide hazard assessment, Geomorphology, 76, 1-2, pp. 68-75, (2006); 
Jaiswal, Pankaj, Quantitative landslide hazard assessment along a transportation corridor in southern India, Engineering Geology, 116, 3-4, pp. 236-250, (2010); 
Chang, Chiwen, Estimation of sediment volume of debris flow caused by extreme rainfall in Taiwan, Engineering Geology, 123, 1-2, pp. 83-90, (2011); 
Yin, Yueping, Catastrophic landslides associated with the M8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 70, 1, pp. 15-32, (2011); 
Guzzetti, Fausto, Landslide volumes and landslide mobilization rates in Umbria, central Italy, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 279, 3-4, pp. 222-229, (2009); 
Sino Geotechnics, (1999)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS; GREEN ACCEPTED OPEN ACCESS; GREEN OPEN ACCESS

Zou, Z.Y., Zeng, Y.S., Mo, Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zou, Zuyin (35195036100); Zeng, Yusheng (57208701230); Mo, You (36616448600)
35195036100; 57208701230; 36616448600
Analysis and evaluation of slope stability under earthquake and rainstorm action
(2014) Advanced Materials Research, 838-841, pp. 1547 - 1551, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.838-841.1547
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84891499973&doi=10.4028%2Fwww.scientific.net%2FAMR.838-841.1547&partnerID=40&md5=ef8e7afa1fb138e8933115ce537141a3

AFFILIATIONS: School of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; College of Urban and Rural Construction, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, China; College of Urban and Rural Construction, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Collapse and landslide induced by"5.12" Wenchuan Earthquake generated a large number of loose solid material, which still remained on the mountain. Aftershocks and heavy rain conditions will induce secondary geological disasters, a direct threat to human life and property security and reconstruction results. Based on the landslide of Hanyuan Two Pretty mountain, this paper studied the basic characteristics of landslide before and after earthquake. The finite difference method is adopted to simulate landslide process, and the stress-strain law and failure trend is explored in three conditions including the natural, rainfall and seismic condition. After this, the method of strength reduction is used to analyze slope safety factor in different rainfall conditions. The analytical results are consistent with the macrogeological phenomena before and after earthquake. Research results can provide a reliable basis for the future study of the impact of earthquakes on the landslide and disaster prevention and mitigation. © (2014) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Earthquake; Landsl ide; Rainstorm; Slope; Stabil ity evaluation
INDEX KEYWORDS: Analysis and evaluation; Basic characteristics; Disaster prevention and mitigations; Geological disaster; Rainstorm; Slope; Stabil ity evaluation; Wenchuan Earthquake; Disaster prevention; Environmental engineering; Landslides; Rain; Safety factor; Slope protection; Storms; Earthquakes
REFERENCES: Wenchuan Earthquake Geological and Introduction to Landslide Disaster, (2009); 
Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, (2009); 
Plateau and Mountain Meteorology Research, (2008); 
Plateau and Mountain Meteorology Research, (2008)
CONFERENCE NAME: 2013 2nd Global Conference on Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, GCCSEE 2013
CONFERENCE DATE: 2013-09-28 through 2013-09-29
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Li, N., Wang, R., Liu, Y., Deng, Y., Wang, C., Wang, W.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Li, Ning (56602012300); Wang, Robert Yu (7405336715); Liu, Yabo (35248613900); Deng, Yunkai (8984596000); Wang, Chunle (55839747200); Wang, Wei (57234061000)
56602012300; 7405336715; 35248613900; 8984596000; 55839747200; 57234061000
Polarimetric SAR analysis of landslides at X-band following the Wenchuan Earthquake
(2014) Proceedings of the European Conference on Synthetic Aperture Radar, EUSAR, Proceedings of the European Conference on Synthetic Aperture Radar, EUSAR, art. no. 6856863, pp. 592 - 595, Cited 0 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84992417338&partnerID=40&md5=efe22d83e45b5cd9bc230592c81edefe

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Space Microwave Remote Sensing System, Institute of Electronics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Polarimetric response of landslides areas at X-band was studied by Chinese high-resolution airborne SAR. Polarimetric decomposition including Yamaguchi four-component decomposition and Cloude decomposition are used to analyse the scattering mechanisms of the landslides caused by the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake in southwestern China. The experimental results indicate that areas affected by large-scale landslides show complicated scattering mechanisms at X-band, which is a mixture of surface, double-bounce, and volume scattering. Nevertheless, the surrounding forested regions are dominated by volume scattering. Simple classification result by polarimetric scattering similarity is also presented, which shows rough contours of the landslides areas and verify our previous analysis. From these results, we can conclude that landslides mapping using fully polarimetric data has significant operational advantages over single-polarization data for rapid response and management of landslides disasters. © VDE VERLAG GMBH · Berlin · Offenbach, Germany.
INDEX KEYWORDS: Earthquakes; Geophysics; Landslides; Polarimeters; Radar; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Classification results; Four-component decomposition; Large-scale landslides; Polarimetric decomposition; Polarimetric scattering; Scattering mechanisms; Single polarization; Synthetic aperture radar
REFERENCES: Singh, Gulab, Monitoring of the March 11, 2011, Off-Tohoku 9.0 earthquake with super-tsunami disaster by implementing fully polarimetric high-resolution POLSAR techniques, Proceedings of the IEEE, 101, 3, pp. 831-846, (2013); 
Yamaguchi, Yoshio, Disaster monitoring by fully polarimetric SAR data acquired with ALOS-PALSAR, Proceedings of the IEEE, 100, 10, pp. 2851-2860, (2012); 
Rodriguez, K. M., Classification of landslide surfaces using fully polarimetric SAR: Examples from Taiwan, International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), 5, pp. 2918-2920, (2002); 
Yonezawa, Chinatsu, Polarimetric decomposition analysis of ALOS PALSAR observation data before and after a landslide event, Remote Sensing, 4, 8, pp. 2314-2328, (2012); 
Yamaguchi, Yoshio, Four-component scattering power decomposition with rotation of coherency matrix, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 49, 6 PART 2, pp. 2251-2258, (2011); 
Cloude, Shane Robert, An entropy based classification scheme for land applications of polarimetric SAR, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 35, 1, pp. 68-78, (1997); 
Similarity between two scattering matrices, 37, 3, pp. 193-194; 
Chen, Qiang, Polarimetric scattering similarity between a random scatterer and a canonical scatterer, IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, 7, 4, pp. 866-869, (2010)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Fan, X., Huang, R., Van Westen, C.J., Xu, Q., Havenith, H.-B., Jetten, V.G.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Fan, Xuanmei (12752112800); Huang, Runqiu (55835407700); Van Westen, Cees J. (6701664942); Xu, Qiang (56506033600); Havenith, Hans Balder (6602586631); Jetten, Victor G. (6601999985)
12752112800; 55835407700; 6701664942; 56506033600; 6602586631; 6601999985
A conceptual event-tree model for coseismic landslide dam Hazard assessment
(2014), pp. 605 - 608, Cited 3 times.
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-04996-0_93
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84949595437&doi=10.1007%2F978-3-319-04996-0_93&partnerID=40&md5=eca58ac66cc5cc1e69327f0213db177f

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation – ITC, Enschede, Overijssel, Netherlands; Department of Geology, Université de Liège, Liege, WLG, Belgium
ABSTRACT: Earthquakes may trigger a series of multiple cascading geohazard phenomena. For example, coseismic landslides may block rivers and form landslide dams, which occur frequently in tectonically active mountains with narrow and steep valleys. The catastrophic release of water masses from landslide-impounded lakes is capable to produce outburst floods and debris flows, causing loss of lives, housing and infrastructure. Quantifying the probability of these cascading phenomena following a triggering event has been a main research challenge. This study creates a conceptual event tree model for hazard assessment of earthquake-induced landslide dams, with the involvement of many discussions amongst specialists in different fields. Event tree (ET) is a graphical, hierarchical and tree-like representation of possible events, which has been successfully applied in the volcano hazard assessment, but the application in landslide research is rather limited. We attempt to elaborate the event tree model by applying it in estimating the hazard of landslide dams induced by the Wenchuan earthquake. The model starts from a scenario-earthquake on a known possible active faults; the model then progressively assesses the susceptibility to coseismic landslides and landslide dams, and, finally, provides an estimate of dam-break flood hazard. According to the literature and our best understanding of the seismic hazard, we suggested or proposed possible methods to estimate the probabilities at successive nodes, the cascading events. © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2014.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Event-tree model; Hazard assessment; Landside dam; Wenchuan earthquake
REFERENCES: Costa, John E., FORMATION AND FAILURE OF NATURAL DAMS., Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 100, 7, pp. 1054-1068, (1988); 
Understanding the Causes and Effects of Earthquake Induced Landslide Dams, (2013); 
Fan, Xuanmei, Analysis of landslide dams induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 57, pp. 25-37, (2012); 
Fan, Xuanmei, Transient water and sediment storage of the decaying landslide dams induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Geomorphology, 171-172, pp. 58-68, (2012); 
Fan, Xuanmei, Simulating dam-breach flood scenarios of the Tangjiashan landslide dam induced by the Wenchuan Earthquake, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 12, 10, pp. 3031-3044, (2012); 
Görüm, Tolga, Distribution pattern of earthquake-induced landslides triggered by the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Geomorphology, 133, 3-4, pp. 152-167, (2011); 
Keefer, David K., Investigating landslides caused by earthquakes - A historical review, Surveys in Geophysics, 23, 6, pp. 473-510, (2002); 
Korup, Oliver, Ice, moraine, and landslide dams in mountainous terrain, Quaternary Science Reviews, 26, 25-28, pp. 3406-3422, (2007); 
Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering, (1996); 
Marzocchi, Warner, Quantifying probabilities of volcanic events: The example of volcanic hazard at Mount Vesuvius, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 109, 11, pp. 1-18, (2004)
PUBLISHER: Springer International Publishing
DOCUMENT TYPE: Book chapter
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wang, W., Yin, Y., Zhang, N., Li, B., Feng, Z., Gao, Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wang, Wenpei (36912851700); Yin, Yueping (55687306100); Zhang, Nan (56997997400); Li, Bin (57283602100); Feng, Zhen (54417139800); Gao, Yang (57209174069)
36912851700; 55687306100; 56997997400; 57283602100; 54417139800; 57209174069
Characteristics of ground acceleration and features of landslides triggered by the lushan earthquake (China)
(2014), pp. 149 - 155, Cited 1 times.
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-04996-0_24
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84949556690&doi=10.1007%2F978-3-319-04996-0_24&partnerID=40&md5=3b98e88d89fe72c159fb9914459e6c56

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China; Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China; Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China; Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: The 2013 Lushan earthquake (Ms ¼ 7.0; epicentre located at 30.3_N, 103.0_E), with a focal depth of 13.0 km was triggered by the reactivation of the Longmenshan fault in Lushan County, Sichuan Province, China on 20 April 2013. Although Lushan Ms 7.0 earthquake occurred on the same Longmenshan thrust belt as Wenchuan Ms 8.0 earthquake, they have very different characteristics of ground acceleration and features of landslides. Based on acceleration waveform data provided by national strong motion network center, a preliminary study was made on the main shock acceleration characteristics, especially vertical and horizontal acceleration ratio Va/Ha with epicentral distance, which indicated that Va/Ha ratio ranged only from 0.4 to 0.7, significantly less than the near-field earthquakes with the same magnitude. Meanwhile, it also showed that the vertical seismic force was less than the horizontal seismic force. FLAC 6.0 FDM software was used to analyse the progressive damage difference of numerical models of Donghekou rock landslide affected by the Lushan and Wenchuan earthquakes, respectively. Finally, acceleration data of ground motion observation in Lengzhuguan slope suffering from seismic waves of Lushan earthquake indicated that there was symmetrical relationship between predominant frequency and acceleration amplification curves. © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2014.
REFERENCES: Collier, C. J., A procedure for combining vertical and horizontal seismic action effects, Journal of Earthquake Engineering, 5, 4, pp. 521-539, (2001); 
Eberhardt, Erick, Numerical analysis of initiation and progressive failure in natural rock slopes-the 1991 Randa rockslide, International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 41, 1, pp. 69-87, (2004); 
Bozzano, Francesca, Earthquake triggering of landslides in highly jointed rock masses: Reconstruction of the 1783 Scilla rock avalanche (Italy), Geomorphology, 129, 3-4, pp. 294-308, (2011); 
FLAC Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua, (2005); 
Luo, Yonghong, Monitoring result analysis of Lenzhuguan slope ground shock response of Lushan earthquake of Sichuan, China, Journal of Chengdu University of Technology (Science and Technology Edition), 40, 3, pp. 232-241, (2013); 
Sun, Ping, Does vertical seismic force play an important role for the failure mechanism of rock avalanches? A case study of rock avalanches triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake of May 12, 2008, Sichuan, China, Environmental Earth Sciences, 66, 5, pp. 1285-1293, (2012); 
Xiwei, Xu, Seismogenic structure of Lushan earthquake and its relationship with Wenchuan earthquake, Earth Science Frontiers, 20, 3, pp. 11-20, (2013); 
Yin, Yueping, Catastrophic landslides associated with the M8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 70, 1, pp. 15-32, (2011); 
Yin, Yueping, Landslide hazards triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China, Landslides, 6, 2, pp. 139-152, (2009); 
Yin, Yueping, Dynamic response characteristics of Daguangbao landslide triggered by Wenchuan earthquake, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 31, 10, pp. 1969-1982, (2012)
PUBLISHER: Springer International Publishing
DOCUMENT TYPE: Book chapter
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wang, G.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wang, Gonghui (8532560900)
8532560900
Internal structure of landslide dams triggered by earthquake/rainfall and their instability
(2014), pp. 693 - 701, Cited 1 times.
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-04996-0_105
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84949553450&doi=10.1007%2F978-3-319-04996-0_105&partnerID=40&md5=cd8228b387b170a7338be41e613a4bd2

AFFILIATIONS: Research Centre on Landslides, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
ABSTRACT: The internal structure of landslide dams plays a key role in their stability; however, it has not been much studied, probably due to the difficulty in obtaining information on internal structure in most cases. Here, we examined the shear-wave-velocity structure of some landslide dams by a surface-wave technique called multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW). During the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake (Mw7.9), more than 800 landslide dams formed. Those dams with a high risk of collapse threatened rescue activities, and almost all of the large landslide dams were treated by digging a spillway immediately after the earthquake. Although the risk of collapse of many landslide dams was eliminated or lowered, not all of the countermeasures were based on well controlled methods. On 3–4 September 2011, extensive landslides were induced in Kii Peninsula in Japan by the heavy rainfalls during Typhoon Talas, some of which formed big landslide dams. To analyze the internal structure of the dams triggered by earthquake and rainfall, and to assist in carrying out reliable countermeasures, the detailed geophysical investigations of the dam bodies were carried out. Based on these landslides geological and geomorphological features and movement mechanisms, as well as on the data about internal structures of landslide dams, their instability potential was analyzed. © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2014.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Earthquake; Internal structure; Landslide dam; Rainfall; Stability
REFERENCES: Casagli, Nicola, Geomorphic analysis of landslide dams in the Northern Apennine, Chikei, 20, 3, pp. 219-249, (1999); 
Chigira, Masahiro, Landslides induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China, Geomorphology, 118, 3-4, pp. 225-238, (2010); 
Chigira, Masahiro, Topographic precursors and geological structures of deep-seated catastrophic landslides caused by Typhoon Talas, Geomorphology, 201, pp. 479-493, (2013); 
Costa, John E., FORMATION AND FAILURE OF NATURAL DAMS., Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 100, 7, pp. 1054-1068, (1988); 
Documented Historical Landslide Dams from Around the World, (1991); 
Ermini, Leonardo, Prediction of the behaviour of landslide dams using a geomorphological dimensionless index, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 28, 1, pp. 31-47, (2003); 
Fan, Xuanmei, Transient water and sediment storage of the decaying landslide dams induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Geomorphology, 171-172, pp. 58-68, (2012); 
Görüm, Tolga, Distribution pattern of earthquake-induced landslides triggered by the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Geomorphology, 133, 3-4, pp. 152-167, (2011); 
Hayashi, Koichi, CMP cross-correlation analysis of multi-channel surface-wave data, Exploration Geophysics, 35, 1, pp. 7-13, (2004); 
Imai, Tsuneo, CORRELATION OF N VALUE WITH S-WAVE VELOCITY AND SHEAR MODULUS., pp. 67-72, (1982)
PUBLISHER: Springer International Publishing
DOCUMENT TYPE: Book chapter
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Chang, X., Ge, W., Wang, D., Wei, L., Zheng, W., Tang, Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Chang, Xiaojun (56998103900); Ge, Weiya (57211557432); Wang, Dewei (56997706600); Wei, Lunwu (56997932900); Zheng, Wanmo (36009664800); Tang, Yeqi (59614129800)
56998103900; 57211557432; 56997706600; 56997932900; 36009664800; 59614129800
Study on the distribution of large-landslides triggered by Wenchuan earthquake
(2014), pp. 169 - 174, Cited 1 times.
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-04996-0_27
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84949552258&doi=10.1007%2F978-3-319-04996-0_27&partnerID=40&md5=efd6c8d9b9bc3b8c1a0da298436e1f88

AFFILIATIONS: Nanjing Center, Nanjing Center of HPC China, Nanjing, China; Chengdu Center, Sichuan Geological Survey, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake in 2008 caused tens of thousands of landslides, avalanches, rockfalls and other secondary geological disasters, and the people in disaster areas suffered a tragic loss of life and property. In particular, the destruction of large area, a wide range of large landslide hazards to human life and property were caused by the catastrophe, and the potential risk still exists. Through the field surveys, data access, etc., the authors analyzed the distribution of large landslides triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake. © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2014.
REFERENCES: Reasons Rupture Process and Mechanism of Disaster of Wenchuan Earthquake, (2008); 
Cui, Peng, Distribution and risk analysis of dammed lakes reduced by Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 41, 3, pp. 35-42, (2009); 
Du, Yi, The mechanics of fault slip of Ms8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, Acta Geophysica Sinica, 52, 2, pp. 464-473, (2009); 
Seismology and Geology, (1979); 
Huang, Runqiu, Research on development and distribution rules of geohazards induced by Wenchuan earthquake on 12th May, 2008, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 27, 12, pp. 2585-2592, (2008); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2008); 
Li, Zhiqiang, Some insights into the macro-epicenter and meizoseismal region of Wenchuan earthquake, Dizhen Dizhi, 30, 3, pp. 768-777, (2008); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2009); 
Specification of Geological Investigation for Debris Flow Stabilization, (2006); 
Decis Mak Advis Newslett, (2008)
PUBLISHER: Springer International Publishing
DOCUMENT TYPE: Book chapter
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wang, M., Liu, M., Yang, S., Shi, P.J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wang, Ming (55732001400); Liu, Min (55555318500); Yang, Saini (51764985400); Shi, Peijun (7202160985)
55732001400; 55555318500; 51764985400; 7202160985
Incorporating Triggering and Environmental Factors in the Analysis of Earthquake-Induced Landslide Hazards
(2014) International Journal of Disaster Risk Science, 5 (2), pp. 125 - 135, Cited 29 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s13753-014-0020-7
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84942112581&doi=10.1007%2Fs13753-014-0020-7&partnerID=40&md5=b07876d017cdcdae40b50f62e7155b7d

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; Academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Pingwu County of Sichuan Province was severely hit by the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake and experienced widely distributed earthquake-induced landslides. We proposed an integrated method that incorporates landslide triggering factors embedded in the Newmark displacement computation and other environmental factors, expressed as lithology, land-use type, vegetation cover (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, NDVI), elevation, and profile and plan curvature, in the analysis of earthquake-induced landslide hazards in the study area. The earthquake-induced landslide inventory of this area was obtained by visual interpretation of two high-resolution SPOT-5 images before and after the earthquake. We used GIS tools to generate an equal number of landslide and non-landslide cell samples in a 30-m grid map, and assigned triggering and environmental variables to each cell. A logistic regression model was built to investigate the occurrence of earthquake-induced landslides. The results show that Newmark displacement (in which triggering factors are embedded) and lithology (as an environmental factor) were the two dominant variables controlling landslide occurrence. Other environmental factors, including NDVI, land-use type, and elevation, also significantly affected landslide occurrences. Overall 81.2 % correctness was achieved in the regression model. The results confirm the predictive power of our method, which integrates both triggering and environmental factors in modeling earthquake-induced landslides. © 2014, The Author(s).
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Earthquake-induced landslides; Environmental factors; Hazard analysis; Newmark displacement; Triggering factors; Wenchuan earthquake
REFERENCES: Arias A, MEASURE OF EARTHQUAKE INTENSITY, pp. 438-483, (1969); 
Ayalew, Lulseged, The application of GIS-based logistic regression for landslide susceptibility mapping in the Kakuda-Yahiko Mountains, Central Japan, Geomorphology, 65, 1-2, pp. 15-31, (2005); 
Baeza, Cristina, Assessment of shallow landslide susceptibility by means of multivariate statistical techniques, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 26, 12, pp. 1251-1263, (2001); 
Bai, Shibiao, GIS-based logistic regression for landslide susceptibility mapping of the Zhongxian segment in the Three Gorges area, China, Geomorphology, 115, 1-2, pp. 23-31, (2010); 
Carrara, Alberto, Multivariate models for landslide hazard evaluation, Journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology, 15, 3, pp. 403-426, (1983); 
An Image Based Study on Typical Geological Hazards Caused by Wenchuan Earthquake, (2009); 
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Choi, Jaewon, Combining landslide susceptibility maps obtained from frequency ratio, logistic regression, and artificial neural network models using ASTER images and GIS, Engineering Geology, 124, 1, pp. 12-23, (2012); 
Cruden, David M., A simple definition of a landslide, Bulletin of the International Association of Engineering Geology - Bulletin de l'Association Internationale de Géologie de l'Ingénieur, 43, 1, pp. 27-29, (1991); 
Duman, Tamer Yiǧit, Application of logistic regression for landslide susceptibility zoning of Cekmece Area, Istanbul, Turkey, Environmental Geology, 51, 2, pp. 241-256, (2006)
PUBLISHER: Beijing Normal University Press
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Xu, C., Xiwei, X.-W., Görüm, T., Van Westen, C.J., Fan, X.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Xu, Chong (35184309900); Xiwei, Xu (8246843900); Görüm, Tolga (10440667500); Van Westen, Cees J. (6701664942); Fan, Xuanmei (12752112800)
35184309900; 8246843900; 10440667500; 6701664942; 12752112800
Did the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake lead to a net volume loss?
(2014), pp. 191 - 196, Cited 15 times.
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-04996-0_30
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84938693559&doi=10.1007%2F978-3-319-04996-0_30&partnerID=40&md5=5d6ee87352c8072a8d6c745037096cf9

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Active Tectonics and Volcano, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China; Faculty for Geoinformation Science and Earth Observation, Universiteit Twente, Enschede, Overijssel, Netherlands
ABSTRACT: The topographic evolution of mountain landscapes is a coupling process of tectonic rock uplift, landslide erosion, and valley incision etc. A widely accepted notion is that an earthquake will build up the mountainous topography, whereas some researchers suggest that the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake tumbled down the mountain because the wasting mass volume due to landsliding is two to six times larger than the gain volume caused by rock uplift. The purpose of this paper is to compare the wasting mass volume due to seismic landsliding with the gain volume caused by rock uplift related to the 2008 Wenchuan event based on a new detailed landslide inventory prepared by visual interpretation of aerial photos and satellite images of high resolutions. The results show that about 5.9 km3 materials, generated by nearly 200,000 landslides triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake, are distributed in the landslide intensity area. Although the landslides volume is larger than the published volume of tectonic rock uplift (2.6 _ 1.2 km3), it is rather smaller than that from the previous study. We think it is not enough only to account for the co-seismic landslide volume and uplifted volume in the study of landscape evolution of the Longmenshan mountain area where the Wenchuan event took place. Orogenic evolution is affected by a variety of factors, such as co-seismic and interseismic crustal uplift, and isostatic compensation of mass removed from the surface of the earth which leads to orogenic growth, whereas co-seismic landslides and river erosion can destroy mountainous topography. © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2014.
REFERENCES: Chigira, Masahiro, Landslides induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China, Geomorphology, 118, 3-4, pp. 225-238, (2010); 
Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011); 
de Michele, Marcello D., Three-dimensional surface displacement of the 2008 May 12 Sichuan earthquake (China) derived from Synthetic Aperture Radar: Evidence for rupture on a blind thrust, Geophysical Journal International, 183, 3, pp. 1097-1103, (2010); 
Fan, Xuanmei, Transient water and sediment storage of the decaying landslide dams induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Geomorphology, 171-172, pp. 58-68, (2012); 
Görüm, Tolga, Distribution pattern of earthquake-induced landslides triggered by the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Geomorphology, 133, 3-4, pp. 152-167, (2011); 
Guzzetti, Fausto, Landslide volumes and landslide mobilization rates in Umbria, central Italy, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 279, 3-4, pp. 222-229, (2009); 
Guzzetti, Fausto, Landslide inventory maps: New tools for an old problem, Earth-Science Reviews, 112, 1-2, pp. 42-66, (2012); 
Harp, Edwin L., Landslide inventories: The essential part of seismic landslide hazard analyses, Engineering Geology, 122, 1-2, pp. 9-21, (2011); 
Hovius, Niels, Prolonged seismically induced erosion and the mass balance of a large earthquake, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 304, 3-4, pp. 347-355, (2011); 
Huang, Runqiu, Analysis of the geo-hazards triggered by the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake, China, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 68, 3, pp. 363-371, (2009)
PUBLISHER: Springer International Publishing
DOCUMENT TYPE: Book chapter
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wang, X., Cao, L., Lin, L.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wang, Xiaobo (56747353900); Cao, Lei (56746913500); Lin, Lu (56746855200)
56747353900; 56746913500; 56746855200
Prediction model for debris flow hazard zone on alluvial fan of the Mianyuan river
(2014) International Journal of Earth Sciences and Engineering, 7 (6), pp. 2420 - 2426, Cited 0 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84938375292&partnerID=40&md5=64424eaff46ac12d9d2125e62fb11d9c

AFFILIATIONS: College of Geophysics, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; College of Education, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: The Wenchuan earthquake generated a large number of collapses and landslides, which contributes much to trigger debris flows that are characterized by high-frequency, swarm, and extensiveness. After the earthquake, Mianyuan River Basin, located in the northwest of Mianzhu City, Sichuan Province, has suffered from debris flows. The author identifies 13 debris flow gullies in the study area as the samples through field investigation, while using GIS and RS to collect data and to analyze the basic parameters of the 13 gullies, such as the drainage area and the volume of material sources. The author uses Spss and Mat lab to obtain the nonlinear regression analysis of the maximum runout width and length of the debris flow, and to figure out the functional relationships between the maximum runout width and the volume of material sources, the maximum runout width and the drainage area, the maximum runout length and the volume of material sources, and the maximum runout length and the drainage area. The functional relationships provide model for debris flow hazard zone of the river, which can take advantage of two factors to distinguish the range of hazard zone of the debris flow. In this way, people can quickly respond to disasters. © 2014 CAFET-INNOVA TECHNICAL SOCIETY. All rights reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Drainage area; Mian yuan river; Risk model; Volume of material sources
INDEX KEYWORDS: Earthquakes; Geophysics; Hazards; Landforms; Regression analysis; Risk assessment; Rivers; Collapses and landslides; Debris flow hazards; Drainage area; Functional relationship; Material sources; Non-linear regression analysis; Risk model; Yuan rivers; Debris; alluvial fan; debris flow; drainage; GIS; hazard management; prediction; regression analysis; risk assessment; river basin; China; Mianzhu; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences, (2008); 
Yin, Yueping, Landslide hazards triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China, Landslides, 6, 2, pp. 139-152, (2009); 
Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011); 
Journal of Geological Hazards and Environment Preservation, (2009); 
Tang, Chuan, Catastrophic debris flows triggered by a 14 August 2010 rainfall at the epicenter of the Wenchuan earthquake, Landslides, 8, 4, pp. 485-497, (2011); 
Tang, Chuan, Catastrophic debris flows on 13 August 2010 in the Qingping area, southwestern China: The combined effects of a strong earthquake and subsequent rainstorms, Geomorphology, 139-140, pp. 559-576, (2012); 
Chinese Academy of Sciences, (1991); 
Sticky Mudslides Lingulate Sedimentary Configuration and Its Profile Features, (1985); 
Mountain Research, (1991); 
Lorente, Adrián, Debris flow characteristics and relationships in the Central Spanish Pyrenees, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 3, 6, pp. 683-692, (2003)
PUBLISHER: CAFET INNOVA Technical Society cafetinnova@gmail.com 1-2-18/103, Mohini Mansion, Gagan Mahal Road, Domalguda, Hyderabad 500029
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Liu, H.-H., Luo, Z., Zeng, S., Wang, L.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Liu, Hanhu (9240308700); Luo, Zhiyong (57198630964); Zeng, Sen (56517518800); Wang, Lei (58456297200)
9240308700; 57198630964; 56517518800; 58456297200
Geo-hazards impacts on vegetation coverage change in Wenchuan after the Wenchuan earthquake
(2014) International Journal of Earth Sciences and Engineering, 7 (6), pp. 2090 - 2099, Cited 0 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84938326355&partnerID=40&md5=ff088bbb55e12c166ed253e1054d081e

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of GeoHazard Prevention & Geoenvironmental Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: A catastrophic earthquake with a Richter magnitude of 8.0 occurred at Wenchuan area of Sichuan province on May 12, 2008. The earthquake caused massive geographic hazards like landslides and mudflows, which destroyed forests and natural vegetation to soil erosion. In order to make decisions and policy planning for the earthquake region, evaluating the vegetation recovery rate is important. One evaluating tool can be used is called “Earth-observation tool”, which has temporal–spatial advantages in a remote sensing technology. The tool can reflect the temporal–spatial difference characteristics of vegetation coverage by analyzing multi-temporal remote sensing images. Accordingly, Dujiangyan-Yinxiu-Caopo area is chosen as a case study. The area was quantitatively evaluated in vegetation recovery conditions by using RS methods and multi-temporal TM/OLI images. In this paper, vegetation index was calculated and further obtained vegetation coverage results in 2001, 2009, 2010 and 2013. According to the final analysis, the vegetation coverage in 2009 was significantly lower than the coverage in 2001, there showed a clear relationship between changes spatial distribution and fault effect; the vegetation coverage in 2010 was lower than that in 2009, and image from different timing, vegetation coverage reduction was influenced by seasonal changes; the vegetation coverage in 2013 was slightly higher than the one in 2010, which meant that vegetation coverage began to be slowly recovering after the Wenchuan Earthquake. The variations, of which vegetation coverage spatial distribution range showed in calculation results, is essential to continuous long-term vegetation coverage in study areas forecasting future development trend. Authors in this paper believe that calculated results can be helpful in decision making and policy planning for recovery and reconstruction in the earthquake-affected areas. © 2014 CAFET-INNOVA TECHNICAL SOCIETY. All rights reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Earthquake; Geographic hazards; Remote sensing; TM/OLI; Vegetation index; Wenchuan
INDEX KEYWORDS: Decision making; Geophysics; Hazards; Image analysis; Image reconstruction; Landslides; Recovery; Remote sensing; Spatial distribution; Vegetation; Calculation results; Catastrophic earthquake; Multi-temporal remote sensing; Remote sensing technology; Spatial differences; Vegetation index; Wenchuan; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes; decision making; hazard assessment; image analysis; policy making; remote sensing; Sichuan earthquake 2008; vegetation cover; vegetation index; China; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Adler-Golden, Steven M., Atmospheric correction for short-wave spectral imagery based on MODTRAN4, Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, 3753, pp. 61-69, (1999); 
Modtran4 Version 2 User S Manual, (1999); 
Chander, Gyanesh, Summary of current radiometric calibration coefficients for Landsat MSS, TM, ETM+, and EO-1 ALI sensors, Remote Sensing of Environment, 113, 5, pp. 893-903, (2009); 
Historic Earthquakes within 200 km of Wenchuan Since 1933, (2008); 
Chigira, Masahiro, Landslides induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China, Geomorphology, 118, 3-4, pp. 225-238, (2010); 
Chuang, Chinwei, Application of Markov-chain model for vegetation restoration assessment at landslide areas caused by a catastrophic earthquake in Central Taiwan, Ecological Modelling, 222, 3, pp. 835-845, (2011); 
Cui, Peng, Destruction of vegetation due to geo-hazards and its environmental impacts in the Wenchuan earthquake areas, Ecological Engineering, 44, pp. 61-69, (2012); 
Coppin, P. R., Digital change detection methods in ecosystem monitoring: A review, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 25, 9, pp. 1565-1596, (2004); 
Di, Baofeng, Quantifying the spatial distribution of soil mass wasting processes after the 2008 earthquake in Wenchuan, China. A case study of the Longmenshan area, Remote Sensing of Environment, 114, 4, pp. 761-771, (2010); 
Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011)
PUBLISHER: CAFET INNOVA Technical Society cafetinnova@gmail.com 1-2-18/103, Mohini Mansion, Gagan Mahal Road, Domalguda, Hyderabad 500029
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Bai, S.B., Wang, J., Thiebes, B., Cheng, C., Chang, Z.Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Bai, Shibiao (15830966700); Wang, Jian (55491249300); Thiebes, Benni (55668276300); Cheng, Chen (55662217700); Chang, Z. Y. (59786545200)
15830966700; 55491249300; 55668276300; 55662217700; 59786545200
Susceptibility assessments of the Wenchuan earthquake-triggered landslides in Longnan using logistic regression
(2014) Environmental Earth Sciences, 71 (2), pp. 731 - 743, Cited 41 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s12665-013-2475-z
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84920777600&doi=10.1007%2Fs12665-013-2475-z&partnerID=40&md5=4f44468c0f759074d2a687d1441368e9

AFFILIATIONS: College of Geographical Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
ABSTRACT: In this study a Wenchuan earthquake-induced landslide susceptibility assessment was carried out in the Longnan area in northwestern China using a GIS-based logistic regression model. This region has frequently been affected by landslides in the past, and was intensively affected by the 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake which received considerable international attention. The data used for this study consist of the landslides triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake and a landslide pre-disposing factor database. Information regarding the landslide causative factors came from additional data sources, such as a digital elevation model (DEM) with a 30 × 30 m2 resolution, orthophotos, geological and land-use maps, precipitation records, and information on peak ground acceleration data from the 2008 earthquake. The statistical analysis of the relationship between the Wenchuan earthquake-triggered landslides and pre-disposing factors showed the great influence of lithological and topographical conditions on slope failures. The quality of susceptibility mapping was validated by splitting the study area into training and validation sections. The prediction capability analysis demonstrated that the landslide susceptibility map could be used for land planning as well as emergency planning by local authorities. © 2013, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: China; Landslide susceptibility; Logistic regression; Longnan; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Forestry; Land use; Landslides; Lithology; Regression analysis; Surveying; China; Landslide susceptibility; Logistic regressions; Longnan; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes
REFERENCES: Aleotti, Pietro, Landslide hazard assessment: Summary review and new perspectives, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 58, 1, pp. 21-44, (1999); 
Atkinson, Peter M., Generalised linear modelling of susceptibility to landsliding in the central Apennines, Italy, Computers and Geosciences, 24, 4, pp. 373-385, (1998); 
Ayalew, Lulseged, Landslides in Sado Island of Japan: Part II. GIS-based susceptibility mapping with comparisons of results from two methods and verifications, Engineering Geology, 81, 4, pp. 432-445, (2005); 
Bai, Shibiao, GIS-based logistic regression for landslide susceptibility mapping of the Zhongxian segment in the Three Gorges area, China, Geomorphology, 115, 1-2, pp. 23-31, (2010); 
Environ Earth Sci, (2011); 
Beguería, Santiago, Validation and evaluation of predictive models in hazard assessment and risk management, Natural Hazards, 37, 3, pp. 315-329, (2006); 
Bell, Rainer, Quantitative risk analysis for landslides - Examples from Bíldudalur, NW-Iceland, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 4, 1, pp. 117-131, (2004); 
Proceedings of 4th International Symposium on Landslides, (1984); 
Çan, Tolga, Susceptibility assessments of shallow earthflows triggered by heavy rainfall at three catchments by logistic regression analyses, Geomorphology, 72, 1-4, pp. 250-271, (2005); 
Chacón, José, Engineering geology maps: Landslides and geographical information systems, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 65, 4, pp. 341-411, (2006)
PUBLISHER: Springer Verlag service@springer.de
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

He, D.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: He, Dongliang (56441965700)
56441965700
Collapse and landslide hazard characteristic along railway line in Chengdu-Lanzhou of China
(2014) Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 19 (Z), pp. 9303 - 9312, Cited 0 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84916624046&partnerID=40&md5=ffb07fc1bd53d7a11642f6d55d6ae926

AFFILIATIONS: School of Civil Engineering, Hunan City University, Yiyang, Hunan, China
ABSTRACT: The Chengdu-Lanzhou Railway locates in the Sichuan province and Gansu province. After the "5.12" Wenchuan earthquakes, a massive landslide, collapse, debris flow occurred, worsening the geological environment. The collapse of the mountain behind the Mao County valley gully elementary school is one of these many serious hazards, threatening the life and property security of 160 teachers and students in the school, as well as the residents around. In order to find out the form, structural morphology, scale, deformation behavior and the formation mechanism of the collapse hazard, studies on the structure forms, buried depth and the engineering construction, engineering geology emergency exploration to the collapse hazard has been carried out in this paper. Through varied reconnaissance means, such as geodesy, exploration and field testing, the causes, form, scale, scope, steady state and perniciousness of the collapse and the landslide next to the teaching building have been ascertained, and the deformation mechanism has been analyzed to provide a reference to the further assessment of prevention and control engineering, ensuring the successful construction of the Chengdu-Lanzhou Railway. © 2014 ejge.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Assessment; Collapse; Landslide; Wenchuan earthquakes
INDEX KEYWORDS: Deformation; Earthquakes; Landslides; Railroads; Structural geology; Teaching; Geology; Geophysics; Hazards; Transportation; Assessment; Collapse; Deformation mechanism; Engineering constructions; Geological environment; Prevention and controls; Structural morphology; Wenchuan Earthquake; Safety engineering; debris flow; earthquake damage; landslide; railway transport; seismic response; structural response; collapse; deformation mechanism; earthquake engineering; hazard assessment; railway construction; Sichuan earthquake 2008; Chengdu; China; Gansu; Lanzhou; Sichuan; Mao; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Chang, Ming, Debris flow susceptibility assessment using a probabilistic approach: A case study in the Longchi area, Sichuan province, China, Journal of Mountain Science, 11, 4, pp. 1001-1014, (2014); 
Ding, Hairong, Increased sediment discharge driven by heavy rainfall after Wenchuan earthquake: A case study in the upper reaches of the Min River, Sichuan, China, Quaternary International, 333, pp. 122-129, (2014); 
Ge, Yonggang, Hazards on dujiangyan-wenchuan highways induced by catastrophic debris flows on July 10 2013 and prevention, Applied Mechanics and Materials, 501-504, pp. 2463-2472, (2014); 
Huang, Lei, The comparison analysis of Chinese public perception of earthquakes on different time scales, Natural Hazards, 73, 2, pp. 613-625, (2014); 
Li, Ning, Polarimetric response of landslides at X-band following the wenchuan earthquake, IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, 11, 10, pp. 1722-1726, (2014); 
Xu, Baotian, Stability assessment of Jinlong village landslide, Sichuan, Environmental Earth Sciences, 71, 7, pp. 3049-3061, (2014); 
Yang, Jun, Comparison of two large earthquakes in China: The 2008 Sichuan Wenchuan Earthquake and the 2013 Sichuan Lushan Earthquake, Natural Hazards, 73, 2, pp. 1127-1136, (2014); 
Yin, Yueping, Vertical acceleration effect on landsides triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake, China, Environmental Earth Sciences, 71, 11, pp. 4703-4714, (2014); 
Yuan, Renmao, Features and genesis of micro-nanometer-sized grains on shear slip surface of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Science China Earth Sciences, 57, 8, pp. 1961-1971, (2014)
PUBLISHER: E-Journal of Geotechnical Engineering oner@okstate.edu
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Li, Z.Y., Guan, Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Li, Zhaoyan (35240185200); Guan, Yu (56428365700)
35240185200; 56428365700
Analysis of soil liquefied and damage phenomenon at home and abroad
(2014) Advanced Materials Research, 1028, pp. 305 - 310, Cited 1 times.
DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.1028.305
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84912134012&doi=10.4028%2Fwww.scientific.net%2FAMR.1028.305&partnerID=40&md5=0fa02a4d441a1fd525b3668e9a3861c6

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Engineering Mechanics, Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Harbin Huaxia Computer Vocational and Technical College, Harbin, China
ABSTRACT: Saturated soil liquefaction of macroscopic signs are surface sand boil, ground pavement cracks, landslides, farmland covered by sand, foundation is not uniform settlement led to the building sink and even cause damage to buildings and other instability. The phenomenon of soil liquefaction damage occurred many times at home and abroad in the earthquake history. By the research of the future, this paper combs the domestic and foreign typical seismic liquefaction phenomenon and refining mechanism of soil liquefaction. © (2014) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Soil liquefied; Tangshan earthquake; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Earthquakes; Soils; Analysis of soils; Paper combs; Pavement cracks; Refining mechanisms; Sand boils; Seismic liquefaction; Wenchuan Earthquake; Soil liquefaction
REFERENCES: Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division ASCE, (1971); 
University of Texas at Austin, (2006); 
Idriss, Izzat M., Semi-empirical procedures for evaluating liquefaction potential during earthquakes, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 26, 2-4 SPEC. ISS., pp. 115-130, (2006); 
Li, Zhaoyan, New CPT-based prediction method for soil liquefaction applicable to Bachu region of Xinjiang, Yantu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 35, SUPPL.1, pp. 140-145, (2013); 
undefined, (2001)
PUBLISHER: Trans Tech Publications Ltd ttp@transtec.ch
SPONSORS: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Foundation Compositio Mathematica, MWK Niedersachsen, Riemann Center for Geometry and Physics
CONFERENCE NAME: International Conference on Algebraic and Complex Geometry
CONFERENCE DATE: 2012-09-10 through 2012-09-14
CONFERENCE LOCATION: Hannover
CONFERENCE CODE: 114817
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wang, M., Yang, W., Shi, P.J., Xu, C., Liu, L.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wang, Ming (55732001400); Yang, Wentao (55499294400); Shi, Peijun (7202160985); Xu, Chong (35184309900); Liu, Lianyou (7405254909)
55732001400; 55499294400; 7202160985; 35184309900; 7405254909
Diagnosis of vegetation recovery in mountainous regions after the wenchuan earthquake
(2014) IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, 7 (7), art. no. 6837461, pp. 3029 - 3037, Cited 46 times.
DOI: 10.1109/JSTARS.2014.2327794
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84906950912&doi=10.1109%2FJSTARS.2014.2327794&partnerID=40&md5=c07c00a7dc5fb12e2bb594f241eade63

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; Academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Active Tectonics and Volcano, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: The Ms 8.0 Wenchuan Earthquake in 2008 resulted in numerous landslides disturbing vast areas of vegetation. However, almost 5 years following the catastrophic event, vegetation recovery in the affected regions experienced dynamic changes. In this paper, a new method is proposed to detect poor vegetation recovery areas (PVRAs) where vegetation recovery has experienced significant difficulty. By using 8-day interval Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) images from 2000 to 2012, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) values after the Wenchuan earthquake are compared with past NDVI distributions before the earthquake. This method fully considers the dynamic processes of vegetation recovery, including both seasonal and annual variation in NDVI values, and identifies landslide disturbances from natural fluctuations. Then, the method has been applied in the study area in Pingwu County to detect vegetation recovery and its validity has been checked by field works and manual interpretation of different periods of SPOT5 imageries. By comparing unrecovered vegetation sites, the optimal threshold to define PVRA is determined. This research has singled out four types of PVRA (namely 'deposition,' 'back scar,' 'mixed large,' and 'land use change' types) in the study area, with each type of PVRA linked to different reasons for poor vegetation recovery. Finally, the proposed method is applied to the mostly affected counties, where Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI) is greater than VIII. Spatial patterns of PVRA indicate that vegetation has experienced significantly poor process over relatively widespread regions. © 2014 IEEE.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Dynamic process; earthquake; landslides; Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI); spatial pattern; vegetation recovery
INDEX KEYWORDS: Earthquakes; Image reconstruction; Landslides; Radiometers; Recovery; Spectrometers; Dynamic process; Moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer; Modified mercalli intensities; Mountainous regions; Natural fluctuations; Normalized difference vegetation index; Spatial patterns; Vegetation recovery; Vegetation
REFERENCES: Mondini, Alessandro C., Semi-automatic recognition and mapping of rainfall induced shallow landslides using optical satellite images, Remote Sensing of Environment, 115, 7, pp. 1743-1757, (2011); 
Lin, Wentzu, Earthquake-induced landslide hazard and vegetation recovery assessment using remotely sensed data and a neural network-based classifier: A case study in central Taiwan, Natural Hazards, 47, 3, pp. 331-347, (2008); 
Mantovani, Franco, Remote sensing techniques for landslide studies and hazard zonation in Europe, Geomorphology, 15, 3-4 SPEC. ISS., pp. 213-225, (1996); 
Metternicht, Graciela I., Remote sensing of landslides: An analysis of the potential contribution to geo-spatial systems for hazard assessment in mountainous environments, Remote Sensing of Environment, 98, 2-3, pp. 284-303, (2005); 
Journal of Remote Sensing, (2009); 
Cui, Peng, Destruction of vegetation due to geo-hazards and its environmental impacts in the Wenchuan earthquake areas, Ecological Engineering, 44, pp. 61-69, (2012); 
Chen, Yie Ruey, The Application of Remote Sensing Technology to the Interpretation of Land Use for Rainfall-Induced Landslides Based on Genetic Algorithms and Artificial Neural Networks, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, 2, 2, pp. 87-95, (2009); 
Lu, Tao, Monitoring vegetation recovery after China's May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake using Landsat TM time-series data: A case study in Mao County, Ecological Research, 27, 5, pp. 955-966, (2012); 
Lin, Chao Yuan, Vegetation recovery assessment at the Jou-Jou Mountain landslide area caused by the 921 Earthquake in Central Taiwan, Ecological Modelling, 176, 1-2, pp. 75-81, (2004); 
Lin, Wentzu, Vegetation recovery monitoring and assessment at landslides caused by earthquake in Central Taiwan, Forest Ecology and Management, 210, 1-3, pp. 55-66, (2005)
PUBLISHER: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Ni, H., Tang, C., Zheng, W., Xu, R., Tian, K., Xu, W.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Ni, Huayong (36548802400); Tang, Chuan (35932953300); Zheng, Wanmo (36009664800); Xu, Ruge (48161947100); Tian, Kai (57216259616); Xu, Wei (55338147000)
36548802400; 35932953300; 36009664800; 48161947100; 57216259616; 55338147000
An overview of formation mechanism and disaster characteristics of post-seismic debris flows triggered by subsequent rainstorms in wenchuan earthquake extremely stricken areas
(2014) Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition), 88 (4), pp. 1310 - 1328, Cited 25 times.
DOI: 10.1111/1755-6724.12290
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84906751791&doi=10.1111%2F1755-6724.12290&partnerID=40&md5=f79d990df6e153c16ad456ef6601b3b0

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Chengdu Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: The Wenchuan earthquake induced large amounts of debris flows and catastrophic incidents triggered by subsequent rainstorms occurred frequently in the past 6 rainy seasons, and thus resulted in serious casualties, huge economic loss and long-term impact. In this paper, post-seismic debris flows distributed in 10 Wenchuan earthquake extremely stricken counties were verified and debris flow database consisting of 609 debris flows was established based on detailed investigation organized by Land and Resources Department of Sichuan Province. Combined with database and related studies, the impact of Wenchuan earthquake on debris flows was analyzed. And then variation of formation conditions including rainfall threshold and landform condition was analyzed by contrasting pre-seismic and post-seismic debris flows. Followed are some typical viewpoints on initiation mechanism of post-seismic debris flows. In the end of this paper, characteristics of post-seismic debris flows triggered by subsequent rainstorms were comprehensively summarized, such as regional group occurrence, high frequency, high viscosity, chain effect, huge dynamics, large scale and long duration. We hope this paper will be helpful in understanding the formation mechanism, disaster characteristics and prevention countermeasures of post-seismic debris flows in Wenchuan earthquake extremely stricken areas. © 2014 Geological Society of China.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Disaster characteristic; Formation mechanism; Gully-type debris flow; Post-seismic debris flow; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: debris flow; disaster; earthquake trigger; formation mechanism; landform; rainfall; rainstorm; Sichuan earthquake 2008; threshold; China; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Berti, Matteo, Experimental evidences and numerical modelling of debris flow initiated by channel runoff, Landslides, 2, 3, pp. 171-182, (2005); 
Caine, Nel, The rainfall intensity-duration control of shallow landslides and debris flows., Geografiska Annaler, Series A: Physical Geography, 62, 1-2, pp. 23-27, (1980); 
Cannon, Susan H., Storm rainfall conditions for floods and debris flows from recently burned areas in southwestern Colorado and southern California, Geomorphology, 96, 3-4, pp. 250-269, (2008); 
Chen, Hongey, Recent rainfall-induced landslides and debris flow in northern Taiwan, Geomorphology, 77, 1-2, pp. 112-125, (2006); 
Chen, Hongey, Relationship between earthquake disturbance, tropical rainstorms and debris movement: An overview from Taiwan, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 68, 2, pp. 161-186, (2009); 
Acta Geologica Sinica, (2009); 
Chen, Ningsheng, Impact of earthquake on debris flows - A case study on the wenchuan earthquake, Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami, 5, 5, pp. 493-508, (2011); 
Chen, Ningsheng, The critical rainfall characteristics for torrents and debris flows in the Wenchuan earthquake stricken area, Journal of Mountain Science, 6, 4, pp. 362-372, (2009); 
Chen, Xingzhang, Post-earthquake changes and prediction of debris flow scales in Subao River Valley, Beichuan County, Sichuan Province, China, Environmental Earth Sciences, 65, 4, pp. 995-1003, (2012); 
Cui, Peng, The Wenchuan Earthquake (May 12, 2008), Sichuan Province, China, and resulting geohazards, Natural Hazards, 56, 1, pp. 19-36, (2011)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Review
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Li, N., Wang, R., Deng, Y., Liu, Y., Li, B., Wang, C., Balz, T.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Li, Ning (56602012300); Wang, Robert Yu (7405336715); Deng, Yunkai (8984596000); Liu, Yabo (35248613900); Li, Bochen (56072676400); Wang, Chunle (55839747200); Balz, Timo (55886167200)
56602012300; 7405336715; 8984596000; 35248613900; 56072676400; 55839747200; 55886167200
Unsupervised polarimetric synthetic aperture radar classification of large-scale landslides caused by Wenchuan earthquake in hue-saturation-intensity color space
(2014) Journal of Applied Remote Sensing, 8 (1), art. no. 083595, Cited 13 times.
DOI: 10.1117/1.JRS.8.083595
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84905722545&doi=10.1117%2F1.JRS.8.083595&partnerID=40&md5=6227c209079ca76530ed21c7961798ee

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Space Microwave Remote Sensing System, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
ABSTRACT: A simple and effective approach for unsupervised classification of large-scale landslides caused by the Wenchuan earthquake is developed. The data sets used were obtained by a high-resolution fully polarimetric airborne synthetic aperture radar system working at X-band. In the proposed approach, Pauli decomposition false-color RGB imagery is first transformed to the hue-saturation-intensity (HSI) color space. Then, a good combination of k-means clustering and HSI imagery in different channels is used stage-by-stage for automatic landslides extraction. Two typical case studies are presented to evaluate the feasibility of the proposed scheme. Our approach is an important contribution to the rapid assessment of landslide hazards. © 2014 SPIE.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: hue-saturation-intensity; k-means clustering; landslides; polarimetric synthetic aperture radar; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Color; Earthquakes; K-means clustering; Landslides; Polarimeters; Radar imaging; Synthetic aperture radar; Airborne synthetic aperture radars; Effective approaches; Large-scale landslides; Pauli decomposition; Polarimetric synthetic aperture radars; Saturation intensity; Unsupervised classification; Wenchuan Earthquake; Space-based radar
REFERENCES: Cui, Peng, The Wenchuan Earthquake (May 12, 2008), Sichuan Province, China, and resulting geohazards, Natural Hazards, 56, 1, pp. 19-36, (2011); 
Xu, Qiang, Landslide dams triggered by the Wenchuan Earthquake, Sichuan Province, south west China, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 68, 3, pp. 373-386, (2009); 
Wang, Chao, Disaster phenomena of Wenchuan earthquake in high resolution airborne synthetic aperture radar images, Journal of Applied Remote Sensing, 3, 1, (2009); 
Li, Zhen, Analysis of synthetic aperture image characteristics for seismic disasters in the Wenchuan earthquake, Journal of Applied Remote Sensing, 3, 1, (2009); 
Li, Xinwu, A new approach to collapsed building extraction using RADARSAT-2 polarimetric SAR imagery, IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, 9, 4, pp. 677-681, (2012); 
Yamaguchi, Yoshio, Disaster monitoring by fully polarimetric SAR data acquired with ALOS-PALSAR, Proceedings of the IEEE, 100, 10, pp. 2851-2860, (2012); 
Yamada, Masumi, Automatic detection of landslides from SAR images: Application to the 2011 Kii landslides, pp. 245-248, (2013); 
Rauste, Yrjö A., TerraSAR-X data in cut slope soil stability monitoring in Malaysia, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 50, 9, pp. 3354-3363, (2012); 
Strozzi, Tazio, Analysis of the terrain displacement along a funicular by SAR interferometry, IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, 3, 1, pp. 15-18, (2006); 
Leva, Davide D., Temporal analysis of a landslide by means of a ground-based SAR interferometer, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 41, 4 PART I, pp. 745-752, (2003)
PUBLISHER: SPIE spie@spie.org
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Cui, P., Zhang, J., Yang, Z., Chen, X., You, Y., Li, Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Cui, Peng (56706923500); Zhang, Jianqiang (35212366900); Yang, Zongji (24485723300); Chen, Xiaoqing (55739112600); You, Yong (35811595800); Li, Yong (56044366400)
56706923500; 35212366900; 24485723300; 55739112600; 35811595800; 56044366400
Activity and distribution of geohazards induced by the Lushan earthquake, April 20, 2013
(2014) Natural Hazards, 73 (2), pp. 711 - 726, Cited 24 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11069-014-1100-0
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84905394957&doi=10.1007%2Fs11069-014-1100-0&partnerID=40&md5=7332d6a63f827959abcd870a0fdeca8b

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: An Ms7.0 earthquake, focal depth 13 km, struck Lushan on April 20, 2013, caused 196 deaths and 21 missing, 13,484 injuries, and affected more than two million people. A field investigation was taken immediately after the quake, and the induced hazards were analyzed in comparison with the Wenchuan earthquake. We have identified 1,460 landslides and avalanches and four dammed lakes, which were generally small and concentrated on high elevation. Avalanches and rockfalls developed in cliffs and steep slopes of hard rocks, including Jinjixia of Baosheng Town and Dayanxia of Shuangshi Town, Lushan, and the K317 section the Xiaoguanzi section north to Lingguan Town along the provincial highway S210. Landslides were relatively less, mainly in moderate and small scales, developing in sandstone, shale, and loose colluviums. Only one single large landslide was observed to turn into debris slide-flow. Dammed lakes were formed by avalanches and landslides, all in small size and of low danger degree. The earthquake-induced hazards distributed in belt on the hanging wall along the faults, and their major controlling factors include tectonics, lithology, structure surface, and landform. More than 99 % landslides were within 30 km to the epicenter, and 678 within 10 km, accounting for 46 % of the total; about 50 % landslides were distributed on slopes between 35° and 55°, and 11 % on slope exceeding 75°; 60 % on slopes at the altitudes between 1,000 and 1,500 m, 77 % on slopes between 900 and 1,500 m; and 24 and 62 % in hard rocks and section between hard and soft rocks, respectively. Compared with the case of Wenchuan earthquake, both the number and extension of landslides and avalanches in Lushan earthquake-affected area are much smaller, only 5.53 % in number and 0.57 % in area. The earthquake has increased the instability of slope and potentiality of landslide and debris flow. Accordingly, the active period is expected to be relatively short comparing with that in Wenchuan earthquake-hit area. However, the insidious and concealed hazards bring difficulty for risk investigation. © 2014 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Dammed lake; Debris flow; Hazard mitigation; Landslide and avalanche; Lushan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: avalanche; debris flow; earthquake event; hazard assessment; landslide; rockfall; slope stability; China; Lushan [Sichuan]; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Aleotti, Pietro, Landslide hazard assessment: Summary review and new perspectives, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 58, 1, pp. 21-44, (1999); 
Earth Science Frontiers, (2008); 
J Sichuan Univ Eng Sci Edn, (2010); 
Chigira, Masahiro, Landslides induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China, Geomorphology, 118, 3-4, pp. 225-238, (2010); 
20 April Lushan Earthquake, (2013); 
Lushan Earthquake Field Emergency Team of China Earthquake Administration Complete the Seismic Tectonic Environment and Seismogenic Structure Analysis, (2013); 
Cui, Peng, The 12 May Wenchuan earthquake-induced landslide lakes: Distribution and preliminary risk evaluation, Landslides, 6, 3, pp. 209-223, (2009); 
Cui, Peng, The Wenchuan Earthquake (May 12, 2008), Sichuan Province, China, and resulting geohazards, Natural Hazards, 56, 1, pp. 19-36, (2011); 
Formation Mechanism and Risk Control in Wenchuan Earthquake of Mountain Disaster, (2011); 
Görüm, Tolga, Distribution pattern of earthquake-induced landslides triggered by the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Geomorphology, 133, 3-4, pp. 152-167, (2011)
PUBLISHER: Kluwer Academic Publishers
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Yang, B., Cao, C., Tian, R., Liu, C., Tian, H., Liu, D., Xiang, H.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Yang, Bin (57223778714); Cao, Chunxiang (14031191400); Tian, Rong (58589304500); Liu, Cheng (57191676703); Tian, Haijing (56041400500); Liu, Di (55505124400); Xiang, Haibing (55576445600)
57223778714; 14031191400; 58589304500; 57191676703; 56041400500; 55505124400; 55576445600
Recovery of evaluation the eco-environmental quality after the Wenchuan Earthquake
(2014) National Remote Sensing Bulletin, 18 (4), pp. 946 - 957, Cited 6 times.
DOI: 10.11834/jrs.20143248
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84905125499&doi=10.11834%2Fjrs.20143248&partnerID=40&md5=ba07b6accee2475b6df1db4dfd3473d7

AFFILIATIONS: Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: This study aims to evaluate the ecological restoration of Wenchuan County after the Wenchuan Earthquake in 2008, and to provide support for further ecological restoration and reconstruction. Simultaneously, this study also focuses on applying remote sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) technologies to evaluate the ecological environment. Wenchuan County, which was the epicenter of the May 12, 2008 earthquake, was selected for this research, which involved multi-source remote sensing data and other supporting statistical data. An eco-environmental quality evaluation index system was established based on the pressure-state-response framework. The analytic hierarchy process method was used to calculate index weight. The eco-environmental qualities of Wenchuan County in 2007, 2008, and 2013 were evaluated by using the comprehensive index method. The results for the eco-environmental quality evaluation of Wenchuan County in 2007, 2008, and 2013 were obtained. Data gathered on the eco-environmental quality of Wenchuan in 2008 were compared with those obtained in 2007, i. e., before the earthquake. Data on the eco-environmental quality recovery gathered in 2013 were also compared with the data in 2007 (i. e., before the earthquake) and 2008 (i. e., after the earthquake). The result of the analysis showed that 79.4% of Wenchuan County exhibited good eco-environmental quality in 2007. However, the eco-environmental quality of the county was severely damaged by the 2008 earthquake. In particular, the areas near the epicenter suffered from serious destruction. Five years after the earthquake (2013), the eco-environmental quality of Wenchuan County has been successfully restored. In particular, 55.84% of the regional eco-environmental quality of the county has significantly improved compared with that in 2008. The eco-environmental quality of poor regions in the county has also exhibited an obvious improvement. However, the eco-environmental quality in some regions in the county has not fully recovered. Evaluating and analyzing the eco-environmental quality of Wenchuan County in 2007, 2008, and 2013 are feasible by using remote sensing and GIS technologies. Such approaches help determine the space distribution of the eco-environ-mental quality of Wenchuan Earthquake and evaluate its recovery. This study offers several useful recommendations on protecting and restoring the ecological environment that can be applied in the future.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Analytic hierarchy process; Ecological recovery; Evaluation; Pressure-state-response framework; Wenchuan Earthquake
REFERENCES: Adriaenssens, Veronique, Fuzzy rule-based models for decision support in ecosystem management, Science of the Total Environment, 319, 1-3, pp. 1-12, (2004); 
Boccardo, Piero, Haiti earthquake damage assessment: Review of the remote sensing role, International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences - ISPRS Archives, 39, pp. 529-532, (2012); 
Cabello, Javier, The ecosystem functioning dimension in conservation: Insights from remote sensing, Biodiversity and Conservation, 21, 13, pp. 3287-3305, (2012); 
Chunxiang, Cao, Epidemic risk analysis after the Wenchuan Earthquake using remote sensing, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 31, 13, pp. 3631-3642, (2010); 
Gonca Coskun, H., Remote sensing and gis techniques for temporal evaluation of environmental impacts on major drinking water dam and basin of metropolis Istanbul, Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 18, 3, pp. 261-269, (2009); 
Urban Environ Urban Ecol, (2011); 
Du, Peijun, Evaluation of the spatio-temporal pattern of urban ecological security using remote sensing and GIS, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 34, 3, pp. 848-863, (2013); 
Guo, Huadong, Dynamic analysis of the Wenchuan Earthquake disaster and reconstruction with 3-year remote sensing data, International Journal of Digital Earth, 3, 4, pp. 355-364, (2010); 
Halim, Md Abdul, Evaluation of land-use pattern change in West Bhanugach Reserved Forest, Bangladesh, using remote sensing and GIS techniques, Journal of Forestry Research, 19, 3, pp. 193-198, (2008); 
Hammond, A., Environmental indicators: a systematic approach to measuring and reporting on environmental policy performance in the context of sustainable development, (1995)
PUBLISHER: Science Press bcanji@mail.sioc.ac.cn
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; BRONZE OPEN ACCESS

Zhao, D., Zhang, M., Yu, M., Zeng, Y., Wu, B.F.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhao, Dan (55413878900); Zhang, Miao (55704484200); Yu, Mingzhao (55777350900); Zeng, Yuan (56949561600); Wu, Bingfang (8318166100)
55413878900; 55704484200; 55777350900; 56949561600; 8318166100
Monitoring agriculture and forestry recovery after the Wenchuan Earthquake
(2014) National Remote Sensing Bulletin, 18 (4), pp. 958 - 970, Cited 12 times.
DOI: 10.11834/jrs.20143345
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84905098631&doi=10.11834%2Fjrs.20143345&partnerID=40&md5=ace4897f91a073d3d3e80bba7db75124

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: The 8.0 M<inf>s</inf> Wenchuan Earthquake in 2008 significantly damaged the local ecosystem of Sichuan Province. In this study, high spatial resolution airborne remote sensing images, spaceborne remote sensing data, and field investigations were used to monitor and analyze agriculture and forestry recovery in Sichuan Province in the five years after the earthquake. The remote sensing images were acquired from the "Wenchuan 5th Anniversary" flight campaign organized by the Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences. For the agricultural aspect, visual interpretation by using high-resolution airborne images acquired from 2008 to 2013 and expert experience were used to determine the status of damaged cultivated areas and to evaluate their recovery. Crop type proportions were collected through ground surveys by using a GVG (GPS, Video, and GIS) instrument over a sampled area, and then, interpolated for regions that were not surveyed. Results revealed that only 17.5% of the 1592 ha damaged arable land could be cultivated five years after the Wenchuan Earthquake. Nearly all usable arable land was cultivated and the cropping structure did not evidently fluctuate after the earthquake. The enthusiasm of local farmers toward their craft was not affected by the unprecedented disaster. This study recommends that the cropping structure must be kept essentially constant to ensure the supply of food in the disaster area. For the forestry aspect, the recovery of three key areas (which are distributed in the dry valley of the Minjiang River area and the montane around the Sichuan Basin area) was monitored via visual interpretation of airborne images. The damage and the recovery status of the entire disaster area were assessed by conducting a time-series change analysis of the normalized difference vegetation index with data from the Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). The results showed that the recovery status of forests in the key areas is relatively good, given that shrubs and young deciduous trees are germinating in most parts of the forests that were destroyed by landslides and mud-rock flows. However, some severely destroyed areas with large slopes and areas that were frequently struck by secondary disasters are still encountering difficulties. In summary, the 46400 ha seriously damaged and the 177000 ha moderately damaged forest areas have fully recovered by 13.52% and 25.84%, respectively, and both have partly recovered by approximately 50%. Some severely destroyed areas, which mainly include the forest areas around Chaping Mountain, require physical intervention to accelerate recovery. A change analysis can directly indicate the damage and recovery status of croplands and forests by using high-resolution airborne images. The airborne remote sensing sensor will continue to play an important role in monitoring ecosystems and in assessing important natural disasters. Meanwhile, a time series analysis can monitor damage and recovery of forests at a large scale by using MODIS data.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Agriculture and forestry recovery; Airborne high-resolution remote sensing images; Change detection; Visual interpretation; Wenchuan Earthquake
REFERENCES: undefined, (2008); 
undefined, (2013); 
Journal of Remote Sensing, (2009); 
undefined, (2012); 
Science of Surveying and Mapping, (2006); 
Liu, Bin, Key issues in restoration on earthquake-damaged ecosystem at the ecotone between dry valley and montane forest of the Minjiang River, Shengtai Xuebao, 28, 12, pp. 5892-5898, (2008); 
Ouyang, Zhiyun, Impact assessment of Wenchuan Earthquake on ecosystems, Shengtai Xuebao, 28, 12, pp. 5801-5809, (2008); 
Tsai, Fuan, Derivative analysis of hyperspectral data, Remote Sensing of Environment, 66, 1, pp. 41-51, (1998); 
Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology, (2003); 
Research of Environmental Sciences, (2008)
PUBLISHER: Science Press bcanji@mail.sioc.ac.cn
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; BRONZE OPEN ACCESS

Chen, X., Hui, H., Zhao, Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Chen, Xiaoli (8346444100); Hui, Hongjun (56289823700); Zhao, Yonghong (55264673900)
8346444100; 56289823700; 55264673900
Study on the fault mechanics influences on the landslides distribution: a case study from the Wenchuan earthquake
(2014) Dizhen Dizhi, 36 (2), pp. 358 - 367, Cited 15 times.
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2014.02.007
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84904733247&doi=10.3969%2Fj.issn.0253-4967.2014.02.007&partnerID=40&md5=6a857e783fabec1c6301f01e041b5ceb

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Active Tectonics and Volcano, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing, China; Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: More and more earthquake-triggered landslides show the hanging wall effects on the spatial distribution, however, the effects of seismic fault mechanics on landslides development are not clear at present time. Based on a simplified fault model, the knowledge of seismic waves reflecting between the ground surface and the fault plane is applied to explain the reasons why landslides are asymmetrically distributed on the hanging wall side during earthquakes caused by thrust faults. Moreover, this paper discusses the relationship between fault movement directions and the initial slope aspects based on the data of large landslides which occurred during the Wenchuan earthquake. This study shows that fault dip angle can affect landslides distribution, namely with the increasing of fault dip angle, the width of the region subjected to the landslides on the hanging wall side decreases. Also, the slopes whose aspects are in the similar directions as the initial movement direction of seismic fault are prone to failure. The knowledge obtained in this study will help to improve the accuracy in regional earthquake-triggered landslide susceptibility assessment and promote the research on the large landslides mechanism, major influencing factors as well as the possible landslide scales.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Earthquake-triggered landslides; Fault dip angle; Fault movement direction; Seismic fault type; Slope aspects
INDEX KEYWORDS: Earthquakes; Landslides; Earthquake-triggered landslides; Fault dip angle; Fault movement; Seismic faults; Slope aspect; Faulting
REFERENCES: Chen, Xiaoli, Analysis of landslides triggered by Wenchuan earthquake, Dizhen Dizhi, 33, 1, pp. 191-202, (2011); 
Huang, Runqiu, Research on development and distribution rules of geohazards induced by Wenchuan earthquake on 12th May, 2008, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 27, 12, pp. 2585-2592, (2008); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2009); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2008); 
Wang, Huanling, 3D dynamical response analysis of high rock slope related to hydropower project in high intensive seismic region, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 24, SUPPL. 2, pp. 5890-5895, (2005); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2010); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2010); 
Xiwei, Xu, The MS8.0 Wenchuan earthquake surface ruptures and its seismogenic structure, Dizhen Dizhi, 30, 3, pp. 597-629, (2008); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2008); 
Northwestern Seismological Journal, (2009)
PUBLISHER: State Seismology Administration
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Chen, F., Guo, H., Ishwaran, N., Zhou, W., Yang, R., Jing, L., Chen, F., Zeng, H.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Chen, Fulong (23003497800); Guo, Huadong (56415384100); Ishwaran, Natarajan (6603003227); Zhou, Wei (58036878100); Yang, Ruixia (56199769400); Jing, Linhai (23492470700); Chen, Fang (57441279900); Zeng, Hongcheng (59777259500)
23003497800; 56415384100; 6603003227; 58036878100; 56199769400; 23492470700; 57441279900; 59777259500
Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) interferometry for assessing Wenchuan earthquake (2008) deforestation in the Sichuan giant panda site
(2014) Remote Sensing, 6 (7), pp. 6283 - 6299, Cited 11 times.
DOI: 10.3390/rs6076283
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84904489361&doi=10.3390%2Frs6076283&partnerID=40&md5=7f7d4dcbb407f3e3eaf841f0c2cd1c52

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; International Centre on Space Technologies for Natural and Cultural Heritage under the Auspices of UNESCO, Beijing, Beijing, China; Faculty of Forestry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
ABSTRACT: Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) has been an unparalleled tool in cloudy and rainy regions as it allows observations throughout the year because of its all-weather, all-day operation capability. In this paper, the influence of Wenchuan Earthquake on the Sichuan Giant Panda habitats was evaluated for the first time using SAR interferometry and combining data from C-band Envisat ASAR and L-band ALOS PALSAR data. Coherence analysis based on the zero-point shifting indicated that the deforestation process was significant, particularly in habitats along the Min River approaching the epicenter after the natural disaster, and as interpreted by the vegetation deterioration from landslides, avalanches and debris flows. Experiments demonstrated that C-band Envisat ASAR data were sensitive to vegetation, resulting in an underestimation of deforestation; in contrast, L-band PALSAR data were capable of evaluating the deforestation process owing to a better penetration and the significant coherence gain on damaged forest areas. The percentage of damaged forest estimated by PALSAR decreased from 20.66% to 17.34% during 2009-2010, implying an approximate 3% recovery rate of forests in the earthquake impacted areas. This study proves that long-wavelength SAR interferometry is promising for rapid assessment of disaster-induced deforestation, particularly in regions where the optical acquisition is constrained. © 2014 by the authors.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Coherence; Giant panda habitat; SAR interferometry; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Coherent light; Deforestation; Disasters; Earthquakes; Ecosystems; Vegetation; Balloons; Forestry; Geophysics; Interferometry; Radar; Alos palsar datum; Coherence analysis; Envisat ASAR data; Giant panda habitats; Natural disasters; SAR interferometry; Synthetic aperture radar interferometry; Wenchuan Earthquake; Synthetic aperture radar; Earth Movement; Ecology; Light
REFERENCES: Baselice, Fabio, DEM reconstruction in layover areas From SAR and auxiliary input data, IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, 6, 2, pp. 253-257, (2009); 
Zebker, Howard A., Decorrelation in interferometric radar echoes, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 30, 5, pp. 950-959, (1992); 
Preiss, Mark, Detecting scene changes using synthetic aperture radar interferometry, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 44, 8, pp. 2041-2054, (2006); 
Chen, Fulong, Surface deformation detected by ALOS PALSAR small baseline SAR interferometry over permafrost environment of Beiluhe section, Tibet Plateau, China, Remote Sensing of Environment, 138, pp. 10-18, (2013); 
Lu, Zhong, Mapping recent lava flows at Westdahl Volcano, Alaska, using radar and optical satellite imagery, Remote Sensing of Environment, 91, 3-4, pp. 345-353, (2004); 
Cigna, Francesca, Amplitude change detection with ENVISAT asar to image the cultural landscape of the nasca region, Peru, Archaeological Prospection, 20, 2, pp. 117-131, (2013); 
Stewart, Christopher, ALOS PALSAR analysis of the archaeological site of Pelusium, Archaeological Prospection, 20, 2, pp. 109-116, (2013); 
Tapete, Deodato, Satellite radar interferometry for monitoring and early-stage warning of structural instability in archaeological sites, Journal of Geophysics and Engineering, 9, 4, pp. S10-S25, (2012); 
undefined, (2008); 
Cheng, Song, Impacts of Wenchuan Earthquake-induced landslides on soil physical properties and tree growth, Ecological Indicators, 15, 1, pp. 263-270, (2012)
PUBLISHER: MDPI AG membranes@mdpi.com Postfach Basel CH-4005
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS; GREEN ACCEPTED OPEN ACCESS; GREEN OPEN ACCESS

Chang, M., Tang, C., Zhang, D., Ma, G.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Chang, Ming (36727157900); Tang, Chuan (35932953300); Zhang, Dandan (55836838800); Ma, Guochao (56266812000)
36727157900; 35932953300; 55836838800; 56266812000
Debris flow susceptibility assessment using a probabilistic approach: A case study in the Longchi area, Sichuan province, China
(2014) Journal of Mountain Science, 11 (4), pp. 1001 - 1014, Cited 41 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11629-013-2747-9
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84904211218&doi=10.1007%2Fs11629-013-2747-9&partnerID=40&md5=d6bc93f34a73e818d8ea785866766688

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: The Longchi area with the city of Dujiangyan, in the Sichuan province of China, is composed of Permian stone and diorites and Triassic sandstones and mudstones intercalated with slates. An abundance of loose co-seismic materials were present on the slopes after the May 12, 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, which in later years served as source material for rainfall-induced debris flows or shallow landslides. A total of 48 debris flows, all triggered by heavy rainfall on 13th August 2010, are described in this paper. Field investigation, supported by remote sensing image interpretation, was conducted to interpret the co-seismic landslides in the debris flow gullies. Specific characteristics of the study area such as slope, aspect, elevation, channel gradient, lithology, and gully density were selected for the evaluation of debris flow susceptibility. A score was given to all the debris flow gullies based on the probability of debris flow occurrence for the selected factors. In order to get the contribution of the different factors, principal component analyses were applied. A comprehensive score was obtained for the 48 debris flow gullies which enabled us to make a susceptibility map for debris flows with three classes. Twenty-two gullies have a high susceptibility, twenty gullies show a moderate susceptibility and six gullies have a low susceptibility for debris flows. © 2014 Science Press, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, CAS and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flow; Grey correlation; Landslide; Probability; Susceptibility assessment
REFERENCES: Alexander, David E., Urban landslides, Progress in Physical Geography, 13, 2, pp. 157-189, (1989); 
Gansu Geology, (2008); 
Caine, Nel, The rainfall intensity-duration control of shallow landslides and debris flows., Geografiska Annaler, Series A: Physical Geography, 62, 1-2, pp. 23-27, (1980); 
Chang, Fi John, Investigating the impact of the Chi-Chi earthquake on the occurrence of debris flows using artificial neural networks, Hydrological Processes, 23, 19, pp. 2728-2736, (2009); 
Chen, Hongey, Recent rainfall-induced landslides and debris flow in northern Taiwan, Geomorphology, 77, 1-2, pp. 112-125, (2006); 
Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011); 
Dong, J. J., The role of the sediment budget in understanding debris flow susceptibility, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 34, 12, pp. 1612-1624, (2009); 
Guzzetti, Fausto, The rainfall intensity-duration control of shallow landslides and debris flows: An update, Landslides, 5, 1, pp. 3-17, (2008); 
Hürlimann, Marcel, Detailed debris flow hazard assessment in Andorra: A multidisciplinary approach, Geomorphology, 78, 3-4, pp. 359-372, (2006); 
Huang, Runqiu, Analysis of the geo-hazards triggered by the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake, China, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 68, 3, pp. 363-371, (2009)
PUBLISHER: Science Press shengtaixuebao@mail.rcees.ac.cn
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Chen, Q., Cheng, H., Yang, Y., Liu, G., Liu, L.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Chen, Qiang (55978343800); Cheng, Haiqin (55323368700); Yang, Yinghui (55323282300); Liu, Guoxiang (22035722100); Liu, Liyao (55554374200)
55978343800; 55323368700; 55323282300; 22035722100; 55554374200
Quantification of mass wasting volume associated with the giant landside Daguangbao induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake from persistent scatterer InSAR
(2014) Remote Sensing of Environment, 152, pp. 125 - 135, Cited 73 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.rse.2014.06.002
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84902954916&doi=10.1016%2Fj.rse.2014.06.002&partnerID=40&md5=7d9bb2a96ecab1fae0be70ce85e8a2ab

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Remote Sensing and Geoinformation Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
ABSTRACT: The spaceborne interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) with persistent scatterer (PS) is utilized to retrieve the spatial characteristics of the largest coseismic landslide Daguangbao, induced by the Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan Province, China. The available twenty interferometric pairs with good coherence selected from the ALOS/PALSAR imagery data covering the Longmen Shan mountainous area are used in the study. We have constructed a natural geodetic observation network with numerous scattered bare rocks emerging after the earthquake and coseismic landslide events, which are effectively recognized as the radar persistent scattering objects. The spatial connections between adjacent PS are established to form observation baselines with differential parameters related to topography and deformation, which are determined by the least squares method from time-series interferometric phase analysis. The post-seismic topographic change relative to the pre-seismic over the landslide area is spatially mapped from the PS network adjustment solution. The quantitative estimation of local elevation change, mass sliding volume and deposit thickness associated with the landslide is conducted. The spatial pattern of mass movement suggests that the giant landslide is characterized by a major sliding length of 4350m along the NE-SW directions with an extension width of 3400m along the Huangdongzi gully, and a peak height change of 535m in the vertical direction. The affected area of landslide mass movement reaches 7.2km2 with the volume up to 1.28billion m3. The study also demonstrates the potential of persistent scatterer InSAR technique as an alternative to allow the quantitative measurement of mass wasting volume associated with earthquake-induced giant landslides. © 2014 Elsevier Inc.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Daguangbao landslide; Mass wasting volume; Networking parameter adjustment; Persistent scatterer InSAR; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Earthquakes; Interferometry; Landslides; Least squares approximations; Scattering; Time series analysis; Daguangbao landslides; Mass wasting; Parameter adjustments; Persistent scatterers; Wenchuan Earthquake; Synthetic aperture radar; landslide; mapping method; Sichuan earthquake 2008; spatial analysis; volume; deformation; elevation; gully; least squares method; mass wasting; mountain region; satellite data; satellite imagery; sliding; synthetic aperture radar; topography; China; Longmen Mountains; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Berardino, Paolo, Use of differential SAR interferometry in monitoring and modelling large slope instability at Maratea (Basilicata, Italy), Engineering Geology, 68, 1-2, pp. 31-51, (2003); 
Bulmer, Mark H.K., Detecting slope deformation using two-pass differential interferometry: Implications for landslide studies on Earth and other planetary bodies, Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, 111, 6, (2006); 
Chaussard, Estelle, Sinking cities in Indonesia: ALOS PALSAR detects rapid subsidence due to groundwater and gas extraction, Remote Sensing of Environment, 128, pp. 150-161, (2013); 
Chen, Qiang, Evaluation of accuracy in PS-based radar interferometry with simulated data, International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), pp. 2110-2113, (2007); 
Chen, Fulong, Surface deformation detected by ALOS PALSAR small baseline SAR interferometry over permafrost environment of Beiluhe section, Tibet Plateau, China, Remote Sensing of Environment, 138, pp. 10-18, (2013); 
Chen, Qiang, Tight integration of GPS observations and persistent scatterer InSAR for detecting vertical ground motion in Hong Kong, International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 12, 6, pp. 477-486, (2010); 
Chinese Journal of Geophysics, (2012); 
Chigira, Masahiro, Landslides induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China, Geomorphology, 118, 3-4, pp. 225-238, (2010); 
Chigira, Masahiro, Geological and geomorphological characteristics of landslides triggered by the 2004 Mid Niigta prefecture earthquake in Japan, Engineering Geology, 82, 4, pp. 202-221, (2006); 
Cui, Peng, The 12 May Wenchuan earthquake-induced landslide lakes: Distribution and preliminary risk evaluation, Landslides, 6, 3, pp. 209-223, (2009)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier Inc. usjcs@elsevier.com
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zhang, C.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhang, Chuhan (7405491211)
7405491211
The Performance of Dams During the Wenchuan 5-12 Earthquake and Lessons Learned from the Event
(2014), pp. 45 - 65, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-408083-6.00002-7
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84902920344&doi=10.1016%2FB978-0-12-408083-6.00002-7&partnerID=40&md5=109d9f1694440ed11bcde9d326e3007f

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: The performance of dams and hydropower structures during the Wenchuan 5-12 magnitude 8.0 earthquake is reviewed. Experiences and lessons learned from the seismic catastrophe of the earthquake are summarized, and comments and discussions are presented. The current design specifications of hydrostructures to resist strong earthquakes are outlined. Although no correlation was found between the Zipingpu reservoir impounding and the Wenchuan event, attention must be paid to reservoir-triggered earthquakes in the design of 300 m high dam reservoirs. Seismic risk assessment of the earthquake's main shock combined with secondary disasters, especially due to large-scale landslides, and barrier lake formation and collapse, is important in the evaluation of earthquake losses. Mitigation measures and auxiliary facilities need to be assessed, particularly with regard to rescue activities. © 2013 Tsinghua University Press. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Dam; Reservoir-triggered earthquake; Secondary disaster; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Dams; Disasters; Reservoirs (water); Risk assessment; Auxiliary facilities; Design specification; Large-scale landslides; Reservoir impounding; Secondary disasters; Seismic risk assessment; Triggered Earthquakes; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes
REFERENCES: Earthquake Damage Investigation and Analysis of Hydropower Engineering of Large and Moderate Scale During Wenchuan Earthquake, (2009); 
Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering, (2009); 
Earthquake Research in China, (2009); 
Dams Newsletter, (2010); 
Liu, Ning, Draining Tangjiashan barrier kake after Wenchuan Earthquake and the flood propagation after the dam break, Science in China, Series E: Technological Sciences, 52, 4, pp. 801-809, (2009)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier Inc.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Book chapter
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Li, C.-C., Yi, L.-Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Li, Changchun (56202292100); Yi, Liyun (38762445700)
56202292100; 38762445700
On time forecast of short-term debris flow hazards and risk range in earthquake region
(2014) Advanced Materials Research, 933, pp. 1028 - 1034, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.933.1028
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84902257777&doi=10.4028%2Fwww.scientific.net%2FAMR.933.1028&partnerID=40&md5=ff760568c4113497efdf5756418d744c

AFFILIATIONS: Sichuan College of Architectural Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: After the Wenchuan Earthquake, rainstorm-induced debris flows in earthquake region occurred significantly more frequently. Two large debris flows took place in Zoumaling Gully in Qingping Township, Mianzhu County, Sichuan Province during 2008 and 2010, which caused great loss to local residents. Based on model test, a forecast model for the risk range of debris flows in Zoumaling Gully was established using statistic regression methods. A hazard forecast model was established based on grey system theory, which was used to forecast the time series of recent debris flows. The results show that the forecast values are in relatively good agreement with the measured values thus can provide reference for hazard prevention and mitigation in future. © (2014) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flows; Mechanical characteristics; Risk range; Time forecast
INDEX KEYWORDS: Debris; Earthquakes; Hazards; Landforms; Manufacture; Production engineering; Regression analysis; Storms; Debris flow hazards; Debris flows; Grey system theory; Hazard prevention; Mechanical characteristics; Regression method; Sichuan province; Wenchuan Earthquake; Forecasting
REFERENCES: Research on the Development Characteristics and Activity of the Zoumaling Gully Debris Flow in Yinxing Scenic Spot of Mianzhu County, (2011); 
Hu, Xiewen, Developmental features and evaluation of blocking dangers of Dashui Ditch debris flow in Tangjiashan dammed lake, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 28, 4, pp. 850-858, (2009); 
Cui, Peng, Characteristics and countermeasures of debris flow in Wenchuan area after the earthquake, Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 42, 5, pp. 10-19, (2010); 
Engineering Geology, (2012); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2008); 
Tang, Chuan, Field investigation and research on giant debris flow on August 14, 2010 in Yingxiu town, epicenter of Wenchuan earthquake, Diqiu Kexue - Zhongguo Dizhi Daxue Xuebao/Earth Science - Journal of China University of Geosciences, 36, 1, pp. 172-180, (2011); 
Debris Flow, (1991); 
undefined; 
undefined, (2010)
PUBLISHER: Trans Tech Publications
CONFERENCE NAME: 3rd International Conference on Manufacture Engineering, Quality and Production System, ICMEQP 2014
CONFERENCE DATE: 2014-02-27 through 2014-02-28
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wu, J., Chen, P., Liu, Y., Wang, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wu, Jian (56913488000); Chen, Peng (59040335100); Liu, Yaolin Lin (55971551900); Wang, Jing (59066095000)
56913488000; 59040335100; 55971551900; 59066095000
The method of earthquake landslide information extraction with high-resolution remote sensing
(2014) Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, 9158, art. no. 915805, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.1117/12.2063691
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84902255561&doi=10.1117%2F12.2063691&partnerID=40&md5=3be6859519f7bf8d985bd7481806795b

AFFILIATIONS: Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, Fujian, China; School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: As a kind of secondary geological disaster caused by strong earthquake, the earthquake-induced landslide has drawn much attention in the world due to the severe hazard. The high-resolution remote sensing, as a new technology for investigation and monitoring, has been widely applied in landslide susceptibility and hazard mapping. The Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, occurred on 12 May 2008, caused many buildings collapse and half million people be injured. Meanwhile, damage caused by earthquake-induced landslides, collapse and debris flow became the major part of total losses. By analyzing the property of the Zipingpu landslide occurred in the Wenchuan earthquake, the present study advanced a quick-and-effective way for landslide extraction based on NDVI and slope information, and the results were validated with pixel-oriented and object-oriented methods. The main advantage of the idea lies in the fact that it doesn't need much professional knowledge and data such as crustal movement, geological structure, fractured zone, etc. and the researchers can provide the landslide monitoring information for earthquake relief as soon as possible. In pixel-oriented way, the NDVI-differential image as well as slope image was analyzed and segmented to extract the landslide information. When it comes to object-oriented method, the multi-scale segmentation algorithm was applied in order to build up three-layer hierarchy. The spectral, textural, shape, location and contextual information of individual object classes, and GLCM (Grey Level Concurrence Matrix homogeneity, shape index etc. were extracted and used to establish the fuzzy decision rule system of each layer for earthquake landslide extraction. Comparison of the results generated from the two methods, showed that the object-oriented method could successfully avoid the phenomenon of NDVI-differential bright noise caused by the spectral diversity of high-resolution remote sensing data and achieved better result with an overall accuracy of 92.16%, while of the pixel-oriented one could only get 71.32%. As the high-resolution remote sensing has been widely utilized in many fields, the object-oriented image analytical technique will have an extensive application. © 2014 Copyright SPIE.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Earthquake landslide; Fuzzy classification; Multi-resolution segmentation; Object-oriented; Pixel-oriented
INDEX KEYWORDS: Earthquakes; Hazards; Image segmentation; Pixels; Remote sensing; Contextual information; Earthquake-induced landslides; Fuzzy classification; High resolution remote sensing; Landslide susceptibility; Multiscale segmentation; Object oriented; Pixel-oriented; Landslides
REFERENCES: Great Wenchuan Earthquake Seismology and Landslide Hazards, (2009); 
Nichol, Janet Elizabeth, Application of high-resolution stereo satellite images to detailed landslide hazard assessment, Geomorphology, 76, 1-2, pp. 68-75, (2006); 
Metternicht, Graciela I., Remote sensing of landslides: An analysis of the potential contribution to geo-spatial systems for hazard assessment in mountainous environments, Remote Sensing of Environment, 98, 2-3, pp. 284-303, (2005); 
Kilburn, Christopher R.J., Major risk from rapid, large-volume landslides in Europe (EU Project RUNOUT), Geomorphology, 54, 1-2, pp. 3-9, (2003); 
Perotto-Baldivieso, Humberto L., GIS-based spatial analysis and modeling for landslide hazard assessment in steeplands, southern Honduras, Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 103, 1, pp. 165-176, (2004); 
Pradhan, Biswajeet K., Estimation of stress and its use in evaluation of landslide prone regions using remote sensing data, Advances in Space Research, 37, 4, pp. 698-709, (2006); 
Zhou, Guanhua, RS/GIS-based regional evaluation of landslide hazard risk: A case study of Guangchang County, Jiangxi Province, Journal of Natural Disasters, 17, 6, pp. 68-72, (2008); 
Xu, Chong, GIS-based landslide susceptibility assessment using analytical hierarchy process in wenchuan earthquake region, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 28, SUPPL. 2, pp. 3978-3985, (2009); 
Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Operationalization of Remote Sensing, (1999); 
Application on Investigation and Evaluation of Geohazard by High Precision Satellite Remote Sensing Technique, (2007)
PUBLISHER: SPIE spie@spie.org
SPONSORS: Asian Association on Remote Sensing (AARS), et al., International Society for Digital Earth (ISDE), National Geomatics Center of China, National Remote Sensing Center of China, The Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)
CONFERENCE NAME: 18th National Symposium on Remote Sensing of China: Remote Sensing of the Environment
CONFERENCE DATE: 2012-10-20 through 2012-10-23
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Chen, Y., Wang, Q.J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Chen, Yu (56200332700); Wang, Qinjun (16205534800)
56200332700; 16205534800
A GIS-based statistical model for rapid landslide susceptibility mapping in the Beichuan-Pingwu area, Sichuan, China
(2014) IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 17 (1), art. no. 012085, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/17/1/012085
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84902169974&doi=10.1088%2F1755-1315%2F17%2F1%2F012085&partnerID=40&md5=87f272a4bdcb088cca9a080a8ba58dbe

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, with a magnitude of Mw 8.0, induced numerous landslides. Remote sensing planes were sent out to take high resolution aerial photographs, from which the geologic hazards could be instantly interpreted. However, aerial images covering all of the study area could not be obtained in a short time because of the limitations of the planes and the influence of weather conditions. This studyestablishes a statistical model based on the landslide interpretation results of one photographic strip inside the Beichuan-Pingwu area. It has strong applicability and can be applied to other places without such data. Finally, we produced a landslide susceptibility map, which providesscientific support for the instant evaluation of disaster information and post-disaster reconstruction.
INDEX KEYWORDS: Disasters; Geographic information systems; Remote sensing; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Aerial Photographs; Disaster Information; Geologic hazards; Landslide susceptibility; Landslide susceptibility mapping; Post-disaster reconstruction; Statistical modeling; Landslides; aerial survey; GIS; landslide; mapping; numerical model; statistical analysis; China; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Huang, Runqiu, Analysis of the geo-hazards triggered by the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake, China, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 68, 3, pp. 363-371, (2009); 
García-Rodríguez, M. J., Susceptibility assessment of earthquake-triggered landslides in El Salvador using logistic regression, Geomorphology, 95, 3-4, pp. 172-191, (2008); 
Ablay, Giray J., Evolution of the north flank of Tenerife by recurrent giant landslides, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 103, 1-4, pp. 135-159, (2000); 
Wan, Yongshang Shan, Shear strength of soils containing amorphous clay-size materials in a slow-moving landslide, Engineering Geology, 65, 4, pp. 293-303, (2002); 
HONG, Yang, Use of satellite remote sensing data in the mapping of global landslide susceptibility, Natural Hazards, 43, 2, pp. 245-256, (2007); 
Saro, Lee M., Statistical analysis of landslide susceptibility at Yongin, Korea, Environmental Geology, 40, 9, pp. 1095-1113, (2001); 
Wang, Jian, GIS-based landslide hazard zonation model and its application, Procedia Earth and Planetary Science, 1, 1, pp. 1198-1204, (2009); 
Davis, John C., Two models for evaluating landslide hazards, Computers and Geosciences, 32, 8, pp. 1120-1127, (2006); 
Ayalew, Lulseged, The application of GIS-based logistic regression for landslide susceptibility mapping in the Kakuda-Yahiko Mountains, Central Japan, Geomorphology, 65, 1-2, pp. 15-31, (2005)
PUBLISHER: Institute of Physics Publishing custserv@iop.org
SPONSORS: LDE, LIESMARS, NRSCC, REIS
CONFERENCE NAME: 35th International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment, ISRSE 2013
CONFERENCE DATE: 2013-04-22 through 2013-04-26
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Zhang, H., Chi, T., Fan, J., Liu, T., Wang, W., Yang, L., Zhao, Y., Shao, J., Yao, X.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhang, Huaizhen (56201160600); Chi, Titanhe (7005693588); Fan, Jianrong (8727506000); Liu, Tianyue (56199930600); Wang, Wei (57233345600); Yang, Lina (55732979200); Zhao, Yuan (57206609040); Shao, Jing (56506166500); Yao, Xiaojing (56510788700)
56201160600; 7005693588; 8727506000; 56199930600; 57233345600; 55732979200; 57206609040; 56506166500; 56510788700
Debris-flows scale predictions based on basin spatial parameters calculated from Remote Sensing images in Wenchuan earthquake area
(2014) IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 17 (1), art. no. 012091, Cited 2 times.
DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/17/1/012091
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84902135937&doi=10.1088%2F1755-1315%2F17%2F1%2F012091&partnerID=40&md5=c74548fef0cd8370bfc11283ccdb91be

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Debris flow is a common hazard in the Wenchuan earthquake area. Collapse and Landslide Regions (CLR), caused by earthquakes, could be located from Remote Sensing images. CLR are the direct material source regions for debris flow. The Spatial Distribution of Collapse and Landslide Regions (SDCLR) strongly impact debris-flow formation. In order to depict SDCLR, we referred to Strahler's Hypsometric analysis method and developed 3 functional models to depict SDCLR quantitatively. These models mainly depict SDCLR relative to altitude, basin mouth and main gullies of debris flow. We used the integral of functions as the spatial parameters of SDCLR and these parameters were employed during the process of debris-flows scale predictions. Grouping-occurring debris-flows triggered by the rainstorm, which occurred on September 24th 2008 in Beichuan County, Sichuan province China, were selected to build the empirical equations for debris-flows scale predictions. Given the existing data, only debris-flows runout zone parameters (Max. runout distance L and Lateral width B) were estimated in this paper. The results indicate that the predicted results were more accurate when the spatial parameters were used. Accordingly, we suggest spatial parameters of SDCLR should be considered in the process of debris-flows scale prediction and proposed several strategies to prevent debris flow in the future.
INDEX KEYWORDS: Earthquakes; Forecasting; Image reconstruction; Landslides; Remote sensing; Storms; Empirical equations; Functional model; Material sources; Remote sensing images; Scale prediction; Sichuan province; Spatial parameters; Wenchuan Earthquake; Debris; debris flow; landslide; numerical model; parameterization; prediction; remote sensing; Sichuan earthquake 2008; spatial analysis; China; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Iverson, Richard M., The physics of debris flows, Reviews of Geophysics, 35, 3, pp. 245-296, (1997); 
Rickenman, Dieter, Empirical relationships for debris flows, Natural Hazards, 19, 1, pp. 47-77, (1999); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2009); 
Cui, Peng, Characteristics and countermeasures of debris flow in Wenchuan area after the earthquake, Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 42, 5, pp. 10-19, (2010); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2010); 
J Mountain Science, (2012); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2008); 
Tang, Chuan, An empirical-statistical model for predicting debris-flow runout zones in the Wenchuan earthquake area, Quaternary International, 250, pp. 63-73, (2012); 
Strahler, Arthur N., Hypsometric (area-altitude) analysis of erosional topography, Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 63, 11, pp. 1117-1142, (1952); 
Huang, Runqiu, Research on development and distribution rules of geohazards induced by Wenchuan earthquake on 12th May, 2008, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 27, 12, pp. 2585-2592, (2008)
PUBLISHER: Institute of Physics Publishing custserv@iop.org
SPONSORS: LDE, LIESMARS, NRSCC, REIS
CONFERENCE NAME: 35th International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment, ISRSE 2013
CONFERENCE DATE: 2013-04-22 through 2013-04-26
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Xu, C., Xiwei, X.-W., Yao, X., Dai, F.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Xu, Chong (35184309900); Xiwei, Xu (8246843900); Yao, Xin (55723721600); Dai, Fuchu (7102055666)
35184309900; 8246843900; 55723721600; 7102055666
Three (nearly) complete inventories of landslides triggered by the May 12, 2008 Wenchuan Mw 7.9 earthquake of China and their spatial distribution statistical analysis
(2014) Landslides, 11 (3), pp. 441 - 461, Cited 596 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s10346-013-0404-6
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84901986027&doi=10.1007%2Fs10346-013-0404-6&partnerID=40&md5=0aa45f985388f6ccb02671d9c242d808

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Active Tectonics and Volcano, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing, China; Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China; Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China; Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: The May 12, 2008 Wenchuan earthquake of China (Mw 7.9 or Ms 8.0) triggered hundreds of thousands of landslides. Mapping such a large number of landslides is a major task, considering the large size of the affected area and the availability of pre- and post-earthquake remote sensing images. This paper compares three (nearly) complete landslide inventories that were compiled from visual image interpretation. The three inventories differ in the manner in which the landslides are represented, either as polygons, centroid points, or top points. Landslides in the three inventories use one-to-one correspondence. Each of the three inventories includes a large proportion of the 197,481 landslides triggered by the earthquake. These landslides were delineated as individual solid polygons and points using visual interpretation of high-resolution aerial photographs and satellite images acquired following the earthquake and verified by selected field checking throughout a broad area of approximately 110,000 km2. These landslides cover a total area of approximately 1,160 km2. Based on the inventories of landslide polygons and landslide centroid points, two types of density maps were constructed. Correlations of landslide occurrence with seismic, geologic, and topographic parameters were analyzed using the three landslide inventories. Statistical analysis of their spatial distribution was performed using both the landslide area percentage (LAP), defined as the percentage of the area affected by the landslides and the landslide number density (LND), defined as the number of landslides per square kilometer. There are two types of LNDs: the LND-centroid (based on the centroid point of the landslide) and the LND-top (based on the top point of the landslide). We used the three indexes to determine how the occurrence of the landslides correlates with elevation, slope angle, slope aspect, slope position, slope curvature, lithology, distance from the epicenter, seismic intensity, distance from the Yingxiu-Beichuan surface fault rupture, peak ground acceleration (PGA), and coseismic surface displacements (including horizontal, vertical, and total displacements). Both the LAP and the two types of LND values were observed to have continuous positive or negative correlations with the slope angle, slope curvature, distance from the epicenter and from the Yingxiu-Beichuan surface fault rupture, seismic intensity, and coseismic surface displacement. In addition, the highest values of the LAP and LND values appear at ranges from 1,200 to 3,000 m in elevation. Moreover, the landslides have preferred orientations, dominated by the eastern, southeastern, and southern directions. In addition, the sandstone, siltstone (Z), and granitic rocks experienced more concentrated landslides. No obvious correlations were observed between the LAP and LND values and slope position. Finally, we studied the orders of eight earthquake-triggered landslide impact factor effect on landslide occurrence. Highlights: The 197,481 landslides triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake were delineated. Three landslide inventories were constructed: polygon, centroid, and top point inventories. The landslides were spatially analyzed with topographic, lithology, and seismic parameters. © 2013 The Author(s).
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Inventory; Landslide area percentage; Landslide number density; Landslides; Spatial distribution; Statistical analysis; The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Earthquakes; Faulting; Geometry; Image reconstruction; Lithology; Spatial distribution; Statistical methods; Surface measurement; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Earthquake-triggered landslides; Inventory; Landslide areas; Number density; Peak ground acceleration; Preferred orientations; Visual interpretation; Landslides; correlation; geotechnical mapping; image analysis; landslide; parameterization; satellite imagery; spatial distribution; statistical analysis; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Alfaro, Pedro, Widespread landslides induced by the Mw 5.1 earthquake of 11 May 2011 in Lorca, SE Spain, Engineering Geology, 137-138, pp. 40-52, (2012); 
Acta Geologica Sinica, (2009); 
Chigira, Masahiro, Geological and geomorphological characteristics of landslides triggered by the 2004 Mid Niigta prefecture earthquake in Japan, Engineering Geology, 82, 4, pp. 202-221, (2006); 
Chigira, Masahiro, Landslides induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China, Geomorphology, 118, 3-4, pp. 225-238, (2010); 
Collins, Brian D., Spatial distribution of landslides triggered from the 2007 Niigata Chuetsu-Oki Japan Earthquake, Engineering Geology, 127, pp. 14-26, (2012); 
Dadson, Simon J., Links between erosion, runoff variability and seismicity in the Taiwan orogen, Nature, 426, 6967, pp. 648-651, (2003); 
Dadson, Simon J., Earthquake-triggered increase in sediment delivery from an active mountain belt, Geology, 32, 8, pp. 733-736, (2004); 
Dadson, Simon J., Hyperpycnal river flows from an active mountain belt, Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 110, 4, (2005); 
Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011); 
Das, Josodhir D., Satellite data in a rapid analysis of Kashmir earthquake (October 2005) triggered landslide pattern and river water turbidity in and around the epicentral region, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 28, 8, pp. 1835-1842, (2007)
PUBLISHER: Springer Verlag service@springer.de
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; HYBRID GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Ding, H.-R., Ma, G., Ni, S., Shi, S., Zhao, G.-H., Yan, L., Yan, Z.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Ding, Hairong (41761303700); Ma, Guangwen (8331319100); Ni, Shijun (7101821807); Shi, Zeming (8271482900); Zhao, Guohua (55884056400); Yan, Liang (55330368900); Yan, Zhaokun (36505404500)
41761303700; 8331319100; 7101821807; 8271482900; 55884056400; 55330368900; 36505404500
Study on sediment discharge increase caused by Wenchuan earthquake landslide and heavy rainfall in the upper reaches of the Min River
(2014) Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 46 (3), pp. 49 - 55, Cited 6 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84901656487&partnerID=40&md5=9a326c892a4ae4cde83d9746b0e54a40

AFFILIATIONS: College of Water Resources and Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; College of Nuclear Technology and Automation Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: In order to characterize the increase of the sediment discharge caused by the Wenchuan earthquake and post-seismic heavy rainfall in the upper Min River, the SPOT images, aerial photographs and digital elevation map were interpreted, and landslides, mudslides in the area were marked. Data on sediment discharge, rainfall, landslides, and debris flows were collected for the period of 1980-2010 to describe the effects of the Wenchuan earthquake and post-earthquake heavy rainfall on the increase in sediment discharge of the area. The relationship among precipitation, sediment discharge, landslides, and debris flows before and after the Wenchuan earthquake was analyzed. The variation trends of sediment discharge in the river basin before and after the earthquake were calculated quantitatively. The research results showed that sediment discharge increased by approximately 30% due to coseismic uplift, coseismic landslides, and debris flows after the Wenchuan earthquake. The sediment discharge caused by heavy rainfall after the earthquake was 1.75 times larger than that before the earthquake. The percentage contribution of the sediment yield of debris flows induced by heavy rainfall after the earthquake to the increase in sediment discharge was 37.49%. The heavy rainfall zone basically coincided with the earthquake fault zone and the seismic landslide zone. Therefore, there was a positive-feedback relationship between the increase of sediment discharge and heavy rainfall after the Wenchuan earthquake. The loosening of surface materials and landslides driven by the Wenchuan earthquake resulted in an increase in sediment discharge into the river, bringing about a great disaster which will need to be addressed in the coming decades.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Heavy rainfall; Increased sediment discharge; Upper reaches of the Min River; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Debris; Landslides; Rain; Rivers; Sediments; Aerial Photographs; Co-seismic uplifts; Digital Elevation Map; Heavy rainfall; Sediment discharge; Seismic landslides; Surface materials; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes
REFERENCES: Parker, Robert N., Mass wasting triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake is greater than orogenic growth, Nature Geoscience, 4, 7, pp. 449-452, (2011); 
Huang, Runqiu, The landslide story, Nature Geoscience, 6, 5, pp. 325-326, (2013); 
Li, Yong, The Ms8.0 Wenchuan Earthquake and co-seismic river response, Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 42, 5, pp. 20-32, (2010); 
Korup, Oliver, The role of landslides in mountain range evolution, Geomorphology, 120, 1-2, pp. 77-90, (2010); 
Dadson, Simon J., Earthquake-triggered increase in sediment delivery from an active mountain belt, Geology, 32, 8, pp. 733-736, (2004); 
Cao, Shuyou, Advances in studies of river sediment and fluvial processes of the Upper-Yangtze River in earthquake background, Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 41, 3, pp. 26-34, (2009); 
Lin, Guan-Wei, Effects of earthquake and cyclone sequencing on landsliding and fluvial sediment transfer in a mountain catchment, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 33, 9, pp. 1354-1373, (2008); 
Lin, Ching-Wee Weei, Impact of Chi-Chi earthquake on the occurrence of landslides and debris flows: Example from the Chenyulan River watershed, Nantou, Taiwan, Engineering Geology, 71, 1-2, pp. 49-61, (2004); 
Lin, Ching-Wee Weei, Impacts of the Chi-Chi earthquake on subsequent rainfall-induced landslides in central Taiwan, Engineering Geology, 86, 2-3, pp. 87-101, (2006); 
Koi, Takashi, Prolonged impact of earthquake-induced landslides on sediment yield in a mountain watershed: The Tanzawa region, Japan, Geomorphology, 101, 4, pp. 692-702, (2008)
PUBLISHER: Editorial Department of Journal of Sichuan University
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Hu, W., Xu, Q., van Asch, T.W.J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Hu, Wei (42361224100); Xu, Qiang (56506033600); van Asch, Theodore W.J. (6701661708)
42361224100; 56506033600; 6701661708
Experimental study on the initiation of debris flow
(2014), 2, pp. 1295 - 1298, Cited 4 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84901636185&partnerID=40&md5=bd3fb5b8753faca59b796f13f56b737a

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Universiteit Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
ABSTRACT: In the Wenchuan area in the south-west of China, a huge amount of loose co-seismic landslide deposits were present on the slopes after the Wenchuan earthquake. These loose deposits served as the source material for rainfall-induced debris flows or shallow landslides in the years after the earthquake. On 13th August, 2010 about 20 large debris flows were triggered by heavy rainfall in the area around the epicenter of the Wenchuan earthquake. Flume tests were carried out to study the initiation mechanism of post-earthquake debris flows. The experimental results show the whole initiation process of the debris flow and the soil moistures and soil suctions at monitoring positions. © 2014 Taylor & Francis Group.
INDEX KEYWORDS: Deposits; Earthquakes; Landslides; Rain; Soil moisture; Initiation mechanism; Initiation process; Landslide deposits; Loose deposits; Rainfall-induced; Shallow landslide; Source material; Wenchuan Earthquake; Debris
REFERENCES: Anderson, Scott A., Analysis of rainfall-induced debris flows, Journal of Geotechcnical Engineering, 121, 7, pp. 544-552, (1995); 
Standard Practive for Description and Identification of Soils Visual Manual Procedure; 
Berti, Matteo, Experimental evidences and numerical modelling of debris flow initiated by channel runoff, Landslides, 2, 3, pp. 171-182, (2005); 
U S Geological Survey Professional Paper, (1975); 
Cannon, Susan H., Wildfire-related debris-flow generation through episodic progressive sediment-bulking processes, western USA, International Conference on Debris-Flow Hazards Mitigation: Mechanics, Prediction, and Assessment, Proceedings, 1, pp. 71-82, (2003); 
Églit, Margarita E., Mathematical modeling of snow entrainment in avalanche motion, Cold Regions Science and Technology, 43, 1-2, pp. 10-23, (2005); 
Iverson, Richard M., Groundwater flow fields in infinite slopes, Geotechnique, 40, 1, pp. 139-143, (1990); 
Iverson, Richard M., Debris-flow mobilization from landslides, Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 25, pp. 85-138, (1997); 
Can Geotech J, (2005); 
Montgomery, David R., A physically based model for the topographic control on shallow landsliding, Water Resources Research, 30, 4, pp. 1153-1171, (1994)
PUBLISHER: Taylor and Francis - Balkema pub.nl@tandf.co.uk
CONFERENCE NAME: 6th International Conference on Unsaturated Soils, UNSAT 2014
CONFERENCE DATE: 2014-07-02 through 2014-07-04
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Ren, Z.-K., Zhang, Z., Yin, J., Dai, F., Zhang, H.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Ren, Zhikun (26321922800); Zhang, Zhuqi (24588369900); Yin, Jinhui (7401693283); Dai, Fuchu (7102055666); Zhang, Huiping (13807113100)
26321922800; 24588369900; 7401693283; 7102055666; 13807113100
Morphogenic uncertainties of the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake: Generating or reducing?
(2014) Journal of Earth Science, 25 (4), pp. 668 - 675, Cited 9 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s12583-014-0456-0
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84901380296&doi=10.1007%2Fs12583-014-0456-0&partnerID=40&md5=590404d4d0f1d603b7b09c2935024e47

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China; Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Landscape evolution in active orogen region is inevitably affected by landslides associated with strong earthquakes, rain or storm. However, quantitative studies of the orogenic or eroded volumes are rarely demonstrated. The 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake triggered serious landsliding, consequently, a large amount of landslide material. However, the landslide volume is estimated mainly on the landslides areas interpreted in their semi-automated landslide mapping algorithm. However, the total volume of landslides triggered by the Wenchuan Earthquake amounts to 5-10 times bigger than the expected upper bound according to the empirical correlation between "total landslide volume" and "moment magnitude". Here we show that the total landslide volume estimation has large uncertainties to be used to determine whether the Wenchuan Earthquake generates or reduces relief. Thus, the widely held view that large dip-slip and oblique-slip earthquakes build mountainous topography may still be applicable to the Wenchuan Earthquake in Longmen Shan area. To challenge this view, simple landslide volume and co-seismic uplift comparison is not enough, i.e., more data are needed. © 2014 China University of Geosciences and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: landslide; mass wasting; topographic generation; Wenchuan Earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: algorithm; earthquake mechanism; geomorphological response; landscape evolution; landslide; mass wasting; mountain region; Sichuan earthquake 2008; strong motion; topographic effect; trigger mechanism; uncertainty analysis; uplift; China; Longmen Mountains
REFERENCES: Avouac, Jean Philippe, Dynamic Processes in Extensional and Compressional Settings - Mountain Building: From Earthquakes to Geological Deformation, 6, pp. 377-439, (2007); 
Burbank, Douglas W., Tectonic Geomorphology: Second Edition, (2011); 
Burchfiel, B. Clark, Tectonics of the Longmen Shan and Adjacent Regions, Central China, International Geology Review, 37, 8, pp. 661-735, (1995); 
Burchfiel, B. Clark, A geological and geophysical context for the Wenchuan earthquake of 12 May 2008, Sichuan, People's Republic of China, GSA Today, 18, 7, pp. 4-11, (2008); 
Chen, Hongey, The effect of orientation and shape distribution of gravel on slope angles in central Taiwan, Engineering Geology, 72, 1-2, pp. 19-31, (2004); 
Chen, Shefa, Emplacement of the Longmen Shan Thrust-Nappe Belt along the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, Journal of Structural Geology, 18, 4, pp. 413-430, (1996); 
Chen, Zhiliang, Global Positioning System measurements from eastern Tibet and their implications for India/Eurasia intercontinental deformation, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 105, B7, pp. 16215-16227, (2000); 
Chigira, Masahiro, Landslides induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China, Geomorphology, 118, 3-4, pp. 225-238, (2010); 
Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011); 
de Michele, Marcello D., Three-dimensional surface displacement of the 2008 May 12 Sichuan earthquake (China) derived from Synthetic Aperture Radar: Evidence for rupture on a blind thrust, Geophysical Journal International, 183, 3, pp. 1097-1103, (2010)
PUBLISHER: China University of Geosciences
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Li, N., Wang, R., Liu, Y., Du, K., Chen, J., Deng, Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Li, Ning (56602012300); Wang, Robert Yu (7405336715); Liu, Yabo (35248613900); Du, Kangning (56177876200); Chen, Jiaqi (59973544700); Deng, Yunkai (8984596000)
56602012300; 7405336715; 35248613900; 56177876200; 59973544700; 8984596000
Robust river boundaries extraction of dammed lakes in mountain areas after Wenchuan Earthquake from high resolution SAR images combining local connectivity and ACM
(2014) ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 94, pp. 91 - 101, Cited 38 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2014.04.020
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84901375892&doi=10.1016%2Fj.isprsjprs.2014.04.020&partnerID=40&md5=b1dc6cd04f51500d2ed984662eb39478

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Space Microwave Remote Sensing System, Institute of Electronics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Computer and Information, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
ABSTRACT: River boundaries extraction from SAR imagery is valuable for flood monitoring and damage assessment. Several rivers, parts of which include dammed lakes caused by landslides and rock avalanches triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake, were taken as a case study for robust extraction. In this paper, a novel state-of-the-art approach for automated river boundaries extraction using high resolution synthetic aperture radar (SAR) intensity imagery is presented. The key of our approach lies in the combined usage of local connectivity feature of the river and a region-based active contours model (ACM) in a variational level set framework to differentiate between river and the background. First, sub-patched intensity thresholding segmentation is applied to SAR imagery. Pixels with intensities below the threshold are selected as potential river pixels while the others are potential background pixels. Second, potential river pixels are divided into several connected regions, considering that the river is a big connected region, only relatively bigger regions with similar contrast value are retained as the regions of interest (ROI) while others are noise due to pixel-level decision approach in the first step or shadows due to mountains terrain. Third, the ROI and their contours are regarded as local region and the initial contours to refine the river boundaries, which are used to reduce the scene complexity of ACM and its sensitivity to initial situation, respectively. A novel ACM driven by local image fitting (LIF) energy is presented and used for river boundaries extraction for the first time, which is not only robust against inhomogeneity widely spread in SAR imagery but also can work with efficiency without the need of re-initialization during iteration compared to traditional ACM. The proposed approach was tested on numerous high resolution airborne SAR images containing connected rivers or dammed lakes obtained by Chinese domestic radar system after Wenchuan Earthquake. For the overall dataset, the average commission error, omission error and root mean squared error were 6.5%, 3.3%, and 0.51, respectively. The average computational time for 4000 by 4000 image size was 21. min using a PC-based MATLAB platform. Our experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach is robust and effective. © 2014 International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Inc. (ISPRS).
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: ACM; Airborne SAR imagery; Dammed lakes; Local connectivity; River boundaries extraction
INDEX KEYWORDS: Damage detection; Earthquakes; Extraction; Face recognition; Image segmentation; Lakes; Landforms; Pixels; Radar systems; Rivers; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; ACM; Airborne SAR; High resolution synthetic aperture radar; Local connectivity; Region based active contours; State-of-the-art approach; Thresholding segmentation; Synthetic aperture radar; connectivity; error analysis; image resolution; lake; mountain region; pixel; radar imagery; river system; Sichuan earthquake 2008; synthetic aperture radar; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Brink, A. D., Minimum cross-entropy threshold selection, Pattern Recognition, 29, 1, pp. 179-188, (1996); 
Cao, Fang, Extraction of water surfaces in simulated Ka-band SAR images of KaRIn on SWOT, International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), pp. 3562-3565, (2011); 
Caselles, Vicente, Geodesic Active Contours, International Journal of Computer Vision, 22, 1, pp. 61-79, (1997); 
Chan, Tony Fan Cheong, Active contours without edges, IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, 10, 2, pp. 266-277, (2001); 
Cui, Peng, The Wenchuan Earthquake (May 12, 2008), Sichuan Province, China, and resulting geohazards, Natural Hazards, 56, 1, pp. 19-36, (2011); 
Grosdidier, Samuel, River network detection on simulated swot images based on curvilinear denoising and morphological detection, International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), pp. 5454-5457, (2012); 
Haralick, Robert Martin, Image segmentation techniques., Computer Vision, Graphics, and Image Processing, 29, 1, pp. 100-132, (1985); 
Horritt, Matthew S., Waterline mapping in flooded vegetation from airborne SAR imagery, Remote Sensing of Environment, 85, 3, pp. 271-281, (2003); 
Karantzalos, Konstantinos G., Automatic detection and tracking of oil spills in SAR imagery with level set segmentation, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 29, 21, pp. 6281-6296, (2008); 
Kittler, Josef V., Minimum error thresholding, Pattern Recognition, 19, 1, pp. 41-47, (1986)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Li, N., Wang, R., Deng, Y., Liu, Y., Wang, C., Balz, T., Li, B.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Li, Ning (56602012300); Wang, Robert Yu (7405336715); Deng, Yunkai (8984596000); Liu, Yabo (35248613900); Wang, Chunle (55839747200); Balz, Timo (55886167200); Li, Bochen (56072676400)
56602012300; 7405336715; 8984596000; 35248613900; 55839747200; 55886167200; 56072676400
Polarimetric response of landslides at X-band following the wenchuan earthquake
(2014) IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, 11 (10), art. no. 6774439, pp. 1722 - 1726, Cited 18 times.
DOI: 10.1109/LGRS.2014.2306820
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84901357030&doi=10.1109%2FLGRS.2014.2306820&partnerID=40&md5=9cc6dd09df005c4728d749a55db4a759

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Space Microwave Remote Sensing System, Institute of Electronics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan, Hubei, China
ABSTRACT: A fully polarimetric response of landslide areas at X-band was studied by a Chinese high-resolution airborne synthetic aperture radar system. Polarimetric decompositions, including the Yamaguchi four-component decomposition and the Cloude decomposition, are used to analyze the scattering mechanisms of several typical landslides caused by the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake in southwestern China. The experimental results indicate that areas affected by large-scale landslides show complicated scattering mechanisms at X-band, which are a mixture of surface, double bounce, and volume scattering. Simple classification results based on supervised Wishart classifier and polarimetric scattering similarity parameters are also presented, which can distinguish landslide areas from others, such as forest and water, very well. However, it does not perform well for urban areas. Additional information, such as prelandslide imagery, is needed to distinguish landslide areas from urban areas or bare soil. From these results, we can conclude that landslide mapping using fully polarimetric data has great potential for rapid response and management of landslide disasters. © 2004-2012 IEEE.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Earthquake; landslides; polarimetric response; X-band
INDEX KEYWORDS: Decomposition; Earthquakes; Polarimeters; Radar systems; Scattering; Synthetic aperture radar; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Airborne synthetic aperture radars; Classification results; Four-component decomposition; Polarimetric decomposition; polarimetric response; Polarimetric scattering; X-band; Landslides
REFERENCES: Cui, Peng, The Wenchuan Earthquake (May 12, 2008), Sichuan Province, China, and resulting geohazards, Natural Hazards, 56, 1, pp. 19-36, (2011); 
Singh, Gulab, Monitoring of the March 11, 2011, Off-Tohoku 9.0 earthquake with super-tsunami disaster by implementing fully polarimetric high-resolution POLSAR techniques, Proceedings of the IEEE, 101, 3, pp. 831-846, (2013); 
Yamaguchi, Yoshio, Disaster monitoring by fully polarimetric SAR data acquired with ALOS-PALSAR, Proceedings of the IEEE, 100, 10, pp. 2851-2860, (2012); 
Sato, Motoyuki, Polarimetric SAR analysis of tsunami damage following the March 11, 2011 east Japan earthquake, Proceedings of the IEEE, 100, 10, pp. 2861-2875, (2012); 
Marino, Armando, A new polarimetric change detector in radar imagery, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 51, 5, pp. 2986-3000, (2013); 
Rodriguez, K. M., Classification of landslide surfaces using fully polarimetric SAR: Examples from Taiwan, International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), 5, pp. 2918-2920, (2002); 
Yonezawa, Chinatsu, Polarimetric decomposition analysis of ALOS PALSAR observation data before and after a landslide event, Remote Sensing, 4, 8, pp. 2314-2328, (2012); 
Yamaguchi, Yoshio, A four-component decomposition of POLSAR images based on the coherency matrix, IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, 3, 3, pp. 292-296, (2006); 
Yamaguchi, Yoshio, Four-component scattering power decomposition with rotation of coherency matrix, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 49, 6 PART 2, pp. 2251-2258, (2011); 
An, Wentao, Four-component decomposition of polarimetric SAR images with deorientation, IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, 8, 6, pp. 1090-1094, (2011)
PUBLISHER: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Hu, W., Yang, X.-G., Zhou, Z., Xing, H.-G., Xu, F.-G.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Hu, Wei (57199745203); Yang, Xingguo (35742406600); Zhou, Jia-wen (14064231100); Xing, Huige (23020563500); Xu, Fugang (55217483800)
57199745203; 35742406600; 14064231100; 23020563500; 55217483800
Stability analysis of landslide dams triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake, China
(2014) Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 19 N, pp. 3181 - 3193, Cited 1 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84901204210&partnerID=40&md5=0bc7e9e0b3bfdd53a2beffefdf566025

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Failure of landslide dams is one of the typical natural hazards in mountainous areas. The landslide dams triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake can be divided into three types according to their material composition: soil-type, rock-type, and rock-soil mixture type. Several field investigations of typical landslide dams in the Wenchuan earthquake disaster region have been carried out and have shown that the transverse section of a landslide dam can be simplified as a broad-based trapezoidal. The particle size distribution, mechanical properties, and morphological characteristics of each type of landslide dam are summarized. Landslide dams have three failure modes: overtopping, abrupt collapse, and progressive failure. A conceptual model of a landslide dam was used for stability analysis, and the GEO-SLOPE software was used for numerical simulation. The simulated results show that the safety factor of landslide dams is increased with increasing cohesion or increasing friction angle of the dam's materials, but is decreased with increasing slope inclination. Finally, the limiting mechanical and geometric parameters for stability evaluation of landslide dams are presented. These limiting parameters can help governments and engineers to formulate prevention and mitigation measures for landslide dams. © 2014 ejge.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: failure mode; landslide dam; stability analysis; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Computer software; Dams; Earthquakes; Failure modes; Geotechnical engineering; Landslides; Particle size; Particle size analysis; Safety factor; Field investigation; Landslide dam; Material compositions; Morphological characteristic; Progressive failure; Stability analysis; Stability evaluation; Wenchuan Earthquake; Failure (mechanical); dam construction; friction; landslide; Sichuan earthquake 2008; size distribution; soil type; stability analysis
REFERENCES: US Geological Survey Open File Report, (1991); 
Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences, (2011); 
Pierce, Michael W., Predicting peak outflow from breached embankment dams, Journal of Hydrologic Engineering - ASCE, 15, 5, pp. 338-349, (2010); 
Wang, Fawu, Preliminary investigation of some large landslides triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan Province, China, Landslides, 6, 1, pp. 47-54, (2009); 
Schuster, Robert L., PERSPECTIVE ON LANDSLIDE DAMS., pp. 1-20, (1986); 
Swanson, Frederick J., LANDSLIDE DAMS IN JAPAN., pp. 131-145, (1986); 
Natural and Artificial Rockslide Dams, (2011); 
Dong, J. J., Discriminant analysis of the geomorphic characteristics and stability of landslide dams, Geomorphology, 110, 3-4, pp. 162-171, (2009); 
Huang, Yu, Secondary geological hazard analysis in Beichuan after the Wenchuan earthquake and recommendations for reconstruction, Environmental Earth Sciences, 66, 4, pp. 1001-1009, (2012); 
Xu, Qiang, Landslide dams triggered by the Wenchuan Earthquake, Sichuan Province, south west China, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 68, 3, pp. 373-386, (2009)
PUBLISHER: E-Journal of Geotechnical Engineering oner@okstate.edu
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Du, C., Yao, L., Shakya, S., Li, L.-G., Sun, X.-D.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Du, Cui (55648901900); Yao, Lingkan (7201688064); Shakya, Subhashsagar (56165241900); Li, Lungui (15832503200); Sun, Xiaodan (55955354700)
55648901900; 7201688064; 56165241900; 15832503200; 55955354700
Damming of large river by debris flow: Dynamic process and particle composition
(2014) Journal of Mountain Science, 11 (3), pp. 634 - 643, Cited 13 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11629-012-2568-2
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84900805197&doi=10.1007%2Fs11629-012-2568-2&partnerID=40&md5=99f89d1e8ba20f91799f1f9baf3c5f0f

AFFILIATIONS: School of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; MOE Key Laboratory of High-speed Railway Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Sichuan Key Laboratory of Aseismic Engineering and Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: The frequency and extent of debris flows have increased tremendously due to the extreme weather and the Wenchuan earthquake on May 12, 2008. Previous studies focused on the debris flow from gullies damming the mountain streams. In this paper, an equation for the run-out distance of debris flow in the main river is proposed based on the dynamic equation of debris flow at different slopes given by Takahashi. By undertaking field investigations and flume experiments, a new calculation method of the volume of debris flow damming large river is obtained. Using the percolation theory and the renormalization group theory it was deduced that the large particles should comprise more than 50% for forming a stable debris flow dam. Hence, the criteria of damming large river by debris flow is presented in terms of run-out distance and grain composition which was then validated through the event of damming river by debris flow at Gaojia gully, the upper reaches of the Minjiang River, Sichuan, China, on July 3, 2011. © 2014 Science Press, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, CAS and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Criteria; Damming large river; Debris flow; Grain composition; Run-out distance
REFERENCES: Journal of Sediment Research, (2002); 
Formation Mechanism and Risk Control in Wenchuan Earthquake of Mountain Disaster, (2011); 
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences, (2008); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2009); 
Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation, (2010); 
Influence of Debris Flow on River Channel Change of Mountains, (2003); 
Journal of Sediment Research, (1995); 
Liu, Cuirong, Study on features of river-blocked by debris flow and criterion of disaster at the opposite river bank, Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 44, 5, pp. 93-100, (2012); 
Mountain Disasters and Prevention Countermeasures on the South Line of Sichuan Tibet Highway in Tibet, (1995); 
Journal of Guilin University of Technology, (2011)
PUBLISHER: Science Press shengtaixuebao@mail.rcees.ac.cn
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Chen, Z., Lei, T.-W., Yan, Q., Hu, H., Xiong, M., Li, Z.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Chen, Zhanpeng (55541285100); Lei, Tingwu (55823880800); Yan, Qinghong (35294236200); Hu, Heng (55541306100); Xiong, Mingbiao (55571200300); Li, Zhenlin (55542338200)
55541285100; 55823880800; 35294236200; 55541306100; 55571200300; 55542338200
Estimation of erosion from earthquake landslides in Wenchuan area
(2014) Nongye Jixie Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 45 (4), pp. 195 - 200, Cited 3 times.
DOI: 10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2014.04.031
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84900485079&doi=10.6041%2Fj.issn.1000-1298.2014.04.031&partnerID=40&md5=48d49c08632df8a04e44e45f8224bdb1

AFFILIATIONS: College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; Ecological Environment Monitoring of Sichuan Province Soil and Water Conservation, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
ABSTRACT: This paper describes a new method for determining the amount of earthquake-added soil erosion in Wenchuan earthquake area. To study on the method, typical landslides were chosen in Wenchuan County, and the information of typical landslide surface and its surrounding terrain were obtained by on-site measurement. The rill/gulley on the landslides were identified by image analysis, and the amounts of slope erosion from landslides were estimated by numerical calculation. The on-site measurement was carried out by using a 3-D laser scanner (HDS3000, Leica Company). The scanning distance reached as far as 300 m, with a distance measurement accuracy of ±4 mm at 50 m. The scanner was set up in front of the slope of the landslide to be measured. The distances from the scanner to near end and the far end of the landslide were 58.32 m and 136.81 m respectively. The scan grid was set to 20.0 cm horizontal and 20.0 cm vertical at 200 m from the scanner. The actual scan grid of the measured landslide was 5.8 cm×5.8 cm at the near end and 13.7 cm×13.7 cm at the far end, respectively. Landslides surfaces sections prior to erosion were specified by using least squares curve fitting method, and fitting it with curve of the second degree. The gully volume was estimated by comparing the result of surfaces prior to erosion and on-site data collected with laser scanner. The erosion volume of a typical landslide surface gully from 2008 to 2012 was estimated to be 355 m3. The method was verified with the data calculated by traditional cross section area method. The cross sections area and length of gully were calculated by the built-in method of the 3-D laser scanner. The result showed that the values calculated by the method suggested were a little bigger than that by the traditional cross section area method. The relative error of the method was 15.6% for the whole gully, with the lowest being 7.9% and the highest being 27.1% for the segmentations. The reasonable accuracy of the method showed that the rill/gully volume of landslide could be estimated reliably by using it in engineering application.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Earthquake-triggered landslides; Estimation of gully volume; Slope gully erosion
INDEX KEYWORDS: Curve fitting; Earthquakes; Erosion; Landforms; Laser applications; Scanning; Earthquake-triggered landslides; Engineering applications; Gully erosion; Least squares curve fittings; Numerical calculation; On-site measurement; Reasonable accuracy; Wenchuan Earthquake; Landslides
REFERENCES: Castillo, Carlos, Comparing the accuracy of several field methods for measuring gully erosion, Soil Science Society of America Journal, 76, 4, pp. 1319-1332, (2012); 
Daba, Shibru, Assessment of gully erosion in eastern Ethiopia using photogrammetric techniques, Catena, 50, 2-4, pp. 273-291, (2003); 
El Maaoui, Mohamed Amine, Sediment yield from irregularly shaped gullies located on the Fortuna lithologic formation in semi-arid area of Tunisia, Catena, 93, pp. 97-104, (2012); 
Kompani-Zare, Mazda, The effect of some watershed, soil characteristics and morphometric factors on the relationship between the gully volume and length in Fars Province, Iran, Catena, 86, 3, pp. 150-159, (2011); 
Liu, Honghu, Effects of gully erosion and gully filling on soil depth and crop production in the black soil region, northeast China, Environmental Earth Sciences, 68, 6, pp. 1723-1732, (2013); 
Capra, Antonina, Quantifying interrill and ephemeral gully erosion in a small Sicilian basin, Zeitschrift fur Geomorphologie, 56, SUPPL. 1, pp. 9-25, (2012); 
Casalí, J., Accuracy of methods for field assessment of rill and ephemeral gully erosion, Catena, 67, 2, pp. 128-138, (2006); 
Hancock, Gregory Raymond, Gully, channel and hillslope erosion - an assessment for a traditionally managed catchment, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 35, 12, pp. 1468-1479, (2010); 
Di Stefano, Costanza, Measurements of rill and gully erosion in Sicily, Hydrological Processes, 25, 14, pp. 2221-2227, (2011); 
Nyssen, Jan, Assessment of gully erosion rates through interviews and measurements: A case study from northern Ethiopia, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 31, 2, pp. 167-185, (2006)
PUBLISHER: Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Shi, Z., Wang, Y.-Q., Peng, M., Liu, S.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Shi, Zhenming (7403734462); Wang, Youquan (51666133900); Peng, Ming (37108434300); Liu, Shan (59106020500)
7403734462; 51666133900; 37108434300; 59106020500
Large-scale shaking table model tests on dynamic characteristics and acceleration distribution of landslide dams
(2014) Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 33 (4), pp. 707 - 719, Cited 8 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84900478558&partnerID=40&md5=0db0d798188a21161f9c1e4f8368b503

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Geotechnical Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Engineering, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China; Urumqi Railway Administration, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
ABSTRACT: At least 257 landslide dams were formed by Wenchuan earthquake in 2008. The aftershocks occurred after the major quake may influence the safety of those landslide dams. Dynamic characteristic parameters, including natural frequency and damping ratio, and distribution of acceleration amplification factor are the focus of the research of landslide dams. This paper presents the studies of large-scale shaking table tests on the dynamic characteristics and the acceleration distribution of landslide dams under aftershocks. The natural frequency, the damping ratio and the distribution of acceleration amplification factor of a model dam and their influencing factors are studied. The dynamic characteristic parameters of prototype landslide dams are calculated according to the similarity law. Two groups of shaking table tests are conducted to simulate the behaviors of two types of landslide dams: one with small particle size having the cohesive materials(dam I) and the other with large particle size not having the cohesive materials(dam II). The shaking table tests were conducted under different earthquake waves, different peak ground accelerations(PGA) and different water depths. The following conclusions are drawn: (1) The model dams have stable X-directional and Z-directional natural frequency and damping ratio. (2) Earlier shaking makes the natural frequency to decrease and the damping ratio to increase. The natural frequency of dam I is smaller than that of Dam II. The effects of water depth on the natural frequency of the two types of dams are different. (3) In vertical direction, acceleration amplification factor increases from the base to the top of the dam. The maximum accelerations occurred mainly on the top of the dams. In horizontal direction, the maximum accelerations occurred on the upstream and downstream surfaces of dam slopes, i.e. the surface amplification effect, which showed that the dam slope surfaces were prone to fail under earthquake action. (4) The earthquake waves with the predominant frequency close to the natural frequency of landslide dams induce the most prominent acceleration response. The earthquake in Z direction made the amplification factor of acceleration in X direction increase. The acceleration amplification factor decreases as PGA increases.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Acceleration amplification factor; Barrier lake; Damping ratio; Dynamic characteristics; Landslide dam; Natural frequency; Shaking table model test; Soil mechanics
INDEX KEYWORDS: Acceleration; Amplification; Damping; Differential amplifiers; Earthquakes; Landslides; Natural frequencies; Particle size; Seismic waves; Soil mechanics; Surfaces; Amplification factors; Barrier lakes; Damping ratio; Dynamic characteristics; Landslide dam; Shaking table model test; Dams
REFERENCES: Cui, Peng, The 12 May Wenchuan earthquake-induced landslide lakes: Distribution and preliminary risk evaluation, Landslides, 6, 3, pp. 209-223, (2009); 
Costa, John E., FORMATION AND FAILURE OF NATURAL DAMS., Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 100, 7, pp. 1054-1068, (1988); 
J Jpn Landslide Soc, (1995); 
Peng, Ming, Breaching parameters of landslide dams, Landslides, 9, 1, pp. 13-31, (2012); 
Huang, Runqiu, Analysis of the geo-hazards triggered by the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake, China, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 68, 3, pp. 363-371, (2009); 
Xu, Qiang, Landslide dams triggered by the Wenchuan Earthquake, Sichuan Province, south west China, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 68, 3, pp. 373-386, (2009); 
Han, Yongshun, Distribution and prevention of dammed lakes triggered by Wenchuan Earthquake, Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, 7841, 1, (2010); 
Wang, Zhaoyin, Stability of landslide dams and development of knickpoints, Environmental Earth Sciences, 65, 4, pp. 1067-1080, (2012); 
Davies, Timothy R.H., Modeling Landslide Dambreak Flood Magnitudes: Case Study, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 133, 7, pp. 713-720, (2007); 
Overtopping Breaching of Rock Avalanche Dams, (2007)
PUBLISHER: Academia Sinica kjwang@public.wh.hb.cn
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Yin, Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Yin, Yueping (55687306100)
55687306100
Vertical acceleration effect on landsides triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake, China
(2014) Environmental Earth Sciences, 71 (11), pp. 4703 - 4714, Cited 28 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s12665-013-2860-7
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84899989119&doi=10.1007%2Fs12665-013-2860-7&partnerID=40&md5=e17060f101f3e747d60ff109a2d35235

AFFILIATIONS: China Institute of Geo-Environment Monitoring, CGS, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake with Ms8.0 triggered extensive throwing-pattern landslides in the area within or near the seismic faults. The resultant landslides from this earthquake brought to the fore the effect of vertical earthquake acceleration on landslide occurrence. The pseudostatic analysis and the dynamic response on landslide stability due to the Wenchuan earthquake are studied with the Chengxi (West Town) catastrophic landslide used as a case study. The results show that the epicenter distance is an important factor which affects the vertical acceleration and thus the stability of landslide. Also, the vertical acceleration was found to have a significant impact on the FOS of landslide if the earthquake magnitude is quite large. Within the seismic fault, the amplitude effect of vertical acceleration is very dominant with the FOS of landslide, for vertical acceleration ranging from positive to negative, having a variation of 25 %. The variation of FOS of landslide for vertical acceleration ranging from positive to negative are 15 and 5 % for landslides near seismic fault and outside seismic fault, respectively. For landslide with a slope angle <45°, the FOS of landslide with both horizontal and vertical accelerations is significantly greater than the one without vertical acceleration. Further, the results computed from both the pseudostatic method and dynamic analysis reveal that the FOS during the earthquake varied significantly whether vertical acceleration is considered or not. The results from this study explain why lots of throwing-pattern catastrophic landslides occurred within 10 km of the seismic fault in the Wenchuan earthquake. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Dynamic response; Landslide; Pseudostatic analysis; The Wenchuan earthquake; Vertical acceleration
INDEX KEYWORDS: Acceleration; Dynamic response; Earthquakes; Faulting; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Catastrophic landslides; Earthquake acceleration; Earthquake magnitudes; Pseudo-static analysis; Pseudostatic method; Vertical accelerations; Wenchuan Earthquake; Landslides; acceleration; catastrophic event; dynamic response; earthquake epicenter; earthquake magnitude; earthquake trigger; landslide; Sichuan earthquake 2008; slope stability; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: 5th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering Rome Proceedings, (1973); 
Collier, C. J., A procedure for combining vertical and horizontal seismic action effects, Journal of Earthquake Engineering, 5, 4, pp. 521-539, (2001); 
Cui, Fangpeng, Discrete element analysis of collapsing and sliding response of slope triggered by time difference coupling effects of P and S seismic waves - Taking Tangjiashan landslide in beichuan county for example, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 29, 2, pp. 319-327, (2010); 
Dawson, Ethan M., Slope stability analysis by strength reduction, Geotechnique, 49, 6, pp. 835-840, (1999); 
Elnashai, Amr S., Procedure and spectra for analysis of rc structures subjected to strong vertical earthquake loads, Journal of Earthquake Engineering, 1, 1, pp. 121-155, (1997); 
Griffiths, D. V., Slope stability analysis by finite elements, Geotechnique, 49, 3, pp. 387-403, (1999); 
Harp, Edwin L., Anomalous concentrations of seismically triggered rock falls in Pacoima Canyon: Are they caused by highly susceptible slopes or local amplification of seismic shaking?, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 92, 8, pp. 3180-3189, (2002); 
Huang, Runqiu, Development and distribution of geohazards triggered by the 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake in China, Science in China, Series E: Technological Sciences, 52, 4, pp. 810-819, (2009); 
FLAC Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua, (2005); 
Li, Xinpo, Simulation of the sliding process of Donghekou landslide triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake using a distinct element method, Environmental Earth Sciences, 65, 4, pp. 1049-1054, (2012)
PUBLISHER: Springer Verlag service@springer.de
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Li, G., West, A.J., Densmore, A.L., Jin, Z., Parker, R., Hilton, R.G.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Li, Gen (56127683700); West, Alison Joshua (26538380300); Densmore, Alexander Logan (7004510678); Jin, Zhangdong (7403625767); Parker, Robert N. (44361526100); Hilton, Robert G. (24385259400)
56127683700; 26538380300; 7004510678; 7403625767; 44361526100; 24385259400
Seismic mountain building: Landslides associated with the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in the context of a generalized model for earthquake volume balance
(2014) Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 15 (4), pp. 833 - 844, Cited 173 times.
DOI: 10.1002/2013GC005067
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84899141446&doi=10.1002%2F2013GC005067&partnerID=40&md5=5b8b41ab7a6a558105d71d8aa9e33bc1

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Earth Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Geography, Durham University, Durham, County Durham, United Kingdom; Institute of Earth Environment, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, South Glamorgan, Wales, United Kingdom
ABSTRACT: Here we assess earthquake volume balance and the growth of mountains in the context of a new landslide inventory for the M<inf>w</inf> 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake in central China. Coseismic landslides were mapped from high-resolution remote imagery using an automated algorithm and manual delineation, which allow us to distinguish clustered landslides that can bias landslide volume calculations. Employing a power-law landslide area-volume relation, we find that the volume of landslide-associated mass wasting (∼2.8+0.9/-0.7 km3) is lower than previously estimated (∼5.7-15.2 km3) and comparable to the volume of rock uplift (∼2.6±1.2 km3) during the Wenchuan earthquake. If fluvial evacuation removes landslide debris within the earthquake cycle, then the volume addition from coseismic uplift will be effectively offset by landslide erosion. If all earthquakes in the region followed this volume budget pattern, the efficient counteraction of coseismic rock uplift raises a fundamental question about how earthquakes build mountainous topography. To provide a framework for addressing this question, we explore a group of scaling relations to assess earthquake volume balance. We predict coseismic uplift volumes for thrust-fault earthquakes based on geophysical models for coseismic surface deformation and relations between fault rupture parameters and moment magnitude, M<inf>w</inf>. By coupling this scaling relation with landslide volume-M<inf>w</inf> scaling, we obtain an earthquake volume balance relation in terms of moment magnitude M<inf>w</inf>, which is consistent with the revised Wenchuan landslide volumes and observations from the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake in Taiwan. Incorporating the Gutenburg-Richter frequency-M<inf>w</inf> relation, we use this volume balance to derive an analytical expression for crustal thickening from coseismic deformation based on an index of seismic intensity over a defined area. This model yields reasonable rates of crustal thickening from coseismic deformation (e.g., ∼0.1-0.5 km Ma-1 in tectonically active convergent settings), and implies that moderate magnitude earthquakes (M<inf>w</inf> ≈ 6-7) are likely responsible for most of the coseismic contribution to rock uplift because of their smaller landslide-associated volume reduction. Our first-order model does not consider a range of factors (e.g., lithology, climate conditions, epicentral depth, and tectonic setting), nor does it account for viscoelastic effects or isostatic responses to erosion, and there are important large uncertainties on the scaling relationships used to quantify coseismic deformation. Nevertheless, our study provides a conceptual framework and invites more rigorous modeling of seismic mountain building. Key Points Report a new data set of landslides triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake Develop a quantitative model to estimate earthquake volume balance Evaluate how earthquakes of varying magnitude contribute to coseismic mountain building © 2014. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.
INDEX KEYWORDS: Budget control; Deformation; Erosion; Faulting; Landslides; Lithology; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Analytical expressions; Conceptual frameworks; Coseismic deformation; Fault-rupture parameters; Landslide inventories; Quantitative modeling; Scaling relationships; Earthquakes; algorithm; Chi-Chi earthquake 1999; coseismic process; deformation mechanism; earthquake magnitude; earthquake mechanism; earthquake rupture; landslide; mass wasting; mountain region; parameterization; power law; remote sensing; Sichuan earthquake 2008; tectonic setting; uplift
REFERENCES: Abers, Geoffrey A., Slip on shallow-dipping normal faults, Geology, 37, 8, pp. 767-768, (2009); 
Avouac, Jean Philippe, Dynamic Processes in Extensional and Compressional Settings - Mountain Building: From Earthquakes to Geological Deformation, 6, pp. 377-439, (2007); 
Borghuis, A. M., Comparison between automated and manual mapping of typhoon-triggered landslides from SPOT-5 imagery, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 28, 8, pp. 1843-1856, (2007); 
Burchfiel, B. Clark, Tectonics of the Longmen Shan and Adjacent Regions, Central China, International Geology Review, 37, 8, pp. 661-735, (1995); 
Cohen, Steven C., Convenient formulas for determining dip-slip fault parameters from geophysical observables, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 86, 5, pp. 1642-1644, (1996); 
Dadson, Simon J., Earthquake-triggered increase in sediment delivery from an active mountain belt, Geology, 32, 8, pp. 733-736, (2004); 
Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011); 
de Michele, Marcello D., Three-dimensional surface displacement of the 2008 May 12 Sichuan earthquake (China) derived from Synthetic Aperture Radar: Evidence for rupture on a blind thrust, Geophysical Journal International, 183, 3, pp. 1097-1103, (2010); 
Densmore, Alexander Logan, Active tectonics of the Beichuan and Pengguan faults at the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, Tectonics, 26, 4, (2007); 
Densmore, Alexander Logan, Reply to 'Isostasy can't be ignored, Nature Geoscience, 5, 2, pp. 83-84, (2012)
PUBLISHER: American Geophysical Union
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Wu, H.-H.., Yang, Z.-Y., Liu, H., Yi, L.-Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wu, Hanhui (25722453300); Yang, Zhuanyun (8587423700); Liu, Hui (56128239800); Yi, Liyun (38762445700)
25722453300; 8587423700; 56128239800; 38762445700
Formation conditions and mechanical characteristics of debris flows in Zoumaling Gully of P.R. China
(2014) Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 19 I, pp. 1917 - 1930, Cited 0 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84899133463&partnerID=40&md5=8088a52a9ad286adfde47f282d174bad

AFFILIATIONS: Chongqing University, Chongqing, China; Sichuan College of Architectural Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Zoumaling Gully is located in Yinxing Scenic Spot of Qingping Township, Mianzhu County, Deyang City, Sichuan Province China. Debris flows had never occurred there before the Wenchuan Earthquake. However, rich loose material sources were formed in the gully catchment due to collapse and landslide induced by the Earthquake, which, along with its mountainous topography (with an average grade of higher than 35o) and frequent precipitation, provide all the conditions necessary for the occurrence of debris flows. Based on the results of previous field investigations, this paper analyzes and calculates the formation conditions (topography, water source and material source) and mechanical characteristics (density, velocity and discharge) of debris flows in Zoumaling Gully, laying a foundation for debris flow control engineering in the future. © 2014, EJGE.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flows; Formation conditions; Mechanical characteristics
INDEX KEYWORDS: Catchments; Earthquakes; Landforms; Mechanical properties; Debris; Geophysics; Control engineering; Debris flows; Field investigation; Formation condition; Material sources; Mechanical characteristics; Sichuan province; Wenchuan Earthquake; debris flow; formation mechanism; gully; landslide; Sichuan earthquake 2008; flow control; slope dynamics; slope failure; China; Sichuan; Mianzhu; Qingping
REFERENCES: Research on the Development Characteristics and Activity of the Zoumaling Gully Debris Flow in Yinxing Scenic Spot of Mianzhu County, (2011); 
Hu, Xiewen, Developmental features and evaluation of blocking dangers of Dashui Ditch debris flow in Tangjiashan dammed lake, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 28, 4, pp. 850-858, (2009); 
Cui, Peng, Characteristics and countermeasures of debris flow in Wenchuan area after the earthquake, Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 42, 5, pp. 10-19, (2010); 
Engineering Geology, (2012); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2008); 
Tang, Chuan, Field investigation and research on giant debris flow on August 14, 2010 in Yingxiu town, epicenter of Wenchuan earthquake, Diqiu Kexue - Zhongguo Dizhi Daxue Xuebao/Earth Science - Journal of China University of Geosciences, 36, 1, pp. 172-180, (2011); 
Journal of Natural Disasters, (1993); 
Geological Investigation Fro Debris Flow Stabilization, (2006); 
Emergency Investigation Report of the Catastrophic August 13, (2010)
PUBLISHER: E-Journal of Geotechnical Engineering oner@okstate.edu
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Lu, J., Chen, X., Cai, X., Feng, L.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Lu, Jianzhong (57364004000); Chen, Xiaoling (35232545900); Cai, Xiaobing Bin (12782418800); Feng, Lian (36459641300)
57364004000; 35232545900; 12782418800; 36459641300
Geomatics-based water capacity monitoring for Quake Lake and its web service implementation
(2014) Desalination and Water Treatment, 52 (13-15), pp. 2700 - 2708, Cited 1 times.
DOI: 10.1080/19443994.2013.822638
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84897997797&doi=10.1080%2F19443994.2013.822638&partnerID=40&md5=e1bf5b1ed9d89aa7438e7b6e737e69e6

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China; Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology,CAS, Wuhan, Hubei, China
ABSTRACT: A novel geomatics-based dynamic lake or reservoir water capacity computing method is proposed for mountainous area, where the water surface curves with the slope of the topography. This water capacity monitoring framework supported by web service technology was designed and implemented for a geospatial processing service. A pixel-based method to model a three-dimensional water surface was created to monitor total capacity including the dynamic capacity. First, the upstream areas are extracted from geometrically corrected SPOT-5 satellite image. The riverbed digital elevation model was intersected with the upstream area to obtain the boundary consisting of a set of points with altitude values for the water body. Considering rationality and efficiency, an improved, pixel-based river segmentation algorithm was then developed and implemented. Taking Tangjiashan Quake Lake dammed by landslide sandstone after the Wenchuan Earthquake in China in 2008 as an example, an evaluation indicates that the improved pixel-based river segmentation algorithm has the advantages of higher computational efficiency and accuracy, useful for daily monitoring of lake or reservoir water capacity in mountainous regions. Finally, water capacity monitoring models were decomposed to atomic services, to support data sharing and service model interoperability by web service. The reusable atomic services were freely customized and combined to execute water capacity calculations for different data-sets. The web service implementation experiment demonstrated powerful interoperability and remotely processing between multiusers in this geomatics-based water capacity monitoring system, which can be implemented on interplatform. It provides a general mechanism to allow client to perform distributed geospatial processing in GeoSpatial Web Service. © 2013 Balaban Desalination Publications. All rights reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Dynamic water capacity; Quake Lake; River segmentation; Water resource management; Web service
INDEX KEYWORDS: algorithm; mountain region; pixel; river bed; sandstone; satellite imagery; Sichuan earthquake 2008; SPOT; water management; water resource; China; Sichuan; Tangjiashan Lake
REFERENCES: Surveying and Mapping of Geology and Mineral Resources, (2007); 
McMahon, Thomas A.M., Revisiting reservoir storage-yield relationships using a global streamflow database, Advances in Water Resources, 30, 8, pp. 1858-1872, (2007); 
Furnans, Jordan E., Hydrographic survey methods for determining reservoir volume, Environmental Modelling and Software, 23, 2, pp. 139-146, (2008); 
Foteinopoulos, Panayiotis, Cubic spline interpolation to develop contours of large reservoirs and evaluate area and volume, Advances in Engineering Software, 40, 1, pp. 23-29, (2009); 
Hsu, Nien Sheng, Optimization and capacity expansion of a water distribution system, Advances in Water Resources, 31, 5, pp. 776-786, (2008); 
Hosseini, S. M.Hassan, Determination of installation capacity in reservoir hydro-power plants considering technical, economical and reliability indices, International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems, 30, 6-7, pp. 393-402, (2008); 
Yangtze River, (2007); 
Yellow River, (2006); 
Calculation of Reservoir Capacity and Study of Visualization Based on Dem, (2004); 
Journal of North China Institute of Water Conservancy and Hydroelectric Power, (1999)
PUBLISHER: Desalination Publications balaban@mit.edu 36 Walcott Valley Drive Hopkinton, MA 01748
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Chen, H., Chen, Y., Au, M., Feng, L., Chen, Q., Guo, H., Li, Y., Yang, X.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Chen, Hong (57050576800); Chen, Yanling (56105262600); Au, May Lan (55318142200); Feng, Ling (59277853100); Chen, Qián (25652997700); Guo, Hongxia (55468710300); Li, Yun (55318394400); Yang, Xiaoling (53874458500)
57050576800; 56105262600; 55318142200; 59277853100; 25652997700; 55468710300; 55318394400; 53874458500
The presence of post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms in earthquake survivors one month after a mudslide in southwest China
(2014) Nursing and Health Sciences, 16 (1), pp. 39 - 45, Cited 26 times.
DOI: 10.1111/nhs.12127
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84897836019&doi=10.1111%2Fnhs.12127&partnerID=40&md5=0eb847b34b452c2b702048e88c800959

AFFILIATIONS: West China School of Medicine/West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
ABSTRACT: The psychological impact of a mudslide on survivors of the Wenchuan earthquake in China and the risk factors for development of disaster-related post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were investigated. The study design was cross-sectional and included 1321 survivors who had endured both an earthquake and a mudslide. Participants filled out a self-report questionnaire. One month after the mudslide, the rate of PTSD symptoms was 18.7%. Females, the elderly, those with lower educational levels, those that lacked social support, those who did not take precautionary measures, those living with children below 6 years of age, and those who had higher exposure to traumatic events experienced a higher level of PTSD symptoms. Results indicated that timely rescue, abundant material help, and mental rehabilitation after a disaster play important roles in recovery, and that there are still some high-risk groups that need attention, care, and effective intervention from healthcare professionals and society. © 2014 Wiley Publishing Asia Pty Ltd.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: China; Earthquake; Mudslide; Multiple natural disaster experiences; Post-traumatic stress disorder
INDEX KEYWORDS: adaptive behavior; adult; China; cluster analysis; cross-sectional study; disaster planning; earthquake; family size; female; human; landslide; male; middle aged; psychology; questionnaire; regression analysis; rescue work; self report; sex difference; social class; social support; socioeconomics; standards; statistics and numerical data; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic; survivor; young adult; Adaptation, Psychological; Adult; Cluster Analysis; Cross-Sectional Studies; Disaster Planning; Earthquakes; Family Characteristics; Female; Humans; Landslides; Male; Middle Aged; Questionnaires; Regression Analysis; Rescue Work; Self Report; Sex Factors; Social Class; Social Support; Socioeconomic Factors; Survivors; Young Adult
REFERENCES: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 3rd Ed, (1980); 
Arbon, Paul A., Understanding and preparing for disasters and catastrophic emergencies, Nursing and Health Sciences, 11, 4, pp. 333-335, (2009); 
Ashraf, Haroon, Tsunami wreaks mental health havoc., Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 83, 6, pp. 405-406, (2005); 
Bhushan, Braj, Emotional distress and posttraumatic stress in children surviving the 2004 tsunami, Journal of Loss and Trauma, 12, 3, pp. 245-257, (2007); 
Bonanno, George A., Weighing the costs of disaster: Consequences, risks, and resilience in individuals, families, and communities, Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 11, 1, pp. 1-49, (2010); 
Breslau, Naomi, Epidemiologic studies of trauma, posttraumatic stress disorder, and other psychiatric disorders, Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 47, 10, pp. 923-929, (2002); 
Breslau, Naomi, Previous exposure to trauma and PTSD effects of subsequent trauma: Results from the detroit area survey of trauma, American Journal of Psychiatry, 156, 6, pp. 902-907, (1999); 
Chen, Angela Chia Chen, Hurricane Katrina: Prior trauma, poverty and health among Vietnamese-American survivors: Original Article, International Nursing Review, 54, 4, pp. 324-331, (2007); 
Chen, Chwencheng, Psychiatric morbidity and post-traumatic symptoms among survivors in the early stage following the 1999 earthquake in Taiwan, Psychiatry Research, 105, 1-2, pp. 13-22, (2001); 
Creamer, Mark Christopher, Psychometric properties of the Impact of Event Scale - Revised, Behaviour Research and Therapy, 41, 12, pp. 1489-1496, (2003)
PUBLISHER: Blackwell Publishing
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Guo, D., Hamada, M., He, C., Wang, Y., Zou, Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Guo, Deping (55551453500); Hamada, Masanori (7403131923); He, Chuan (26643517600); Wang, Yufeng (36665289000); Zou, Yulin (55311629300)
55551453500; 7403131923; 26643517600; 36665289000; 55311629300
An empirical model for landslide travel distance prediction in Wenchuan earthquake area
(2014) Landslides, 11 (2), pp. 281 - 291, Cited 78 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s10346-013-0444-y
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84897580699&doi=10.1007%2Fs10346-013-0444-y&partnerID=40&md5=b15e9cdee4a90c7c40e350f50d14e54e

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Transportation Tunnel Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Geological Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Sliding mass of landslides highly endangered the area along travel path, especially landslides with long travel distance. It is necessary to develop an effective prediction model for preliminarily evaluating landslide travel distance so as to improve disaster prevention and relocation. This paper collected 54 landslides with 347-4,170 m travel distance triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake to discuss the effectiveness of various influential factors on landslide travel distance and obtained an empirical model for its prediction. The results revealed that rock type, sliding source volume, and slope transition angle were the predominant factors on landslide travel distance. The validity of proposed model was verified by the satisfactory agreement between observations and predictions. Therefore, this model might be practically applicable in Wenchuan earthquake area and other similar geomorphological and geological regions. © 2014 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Influential factors; Landslide; Statistical analysis; Travel distance prediction; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Disaster prevention; Earthquakes; Forecasting; Statistical methods; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Empirical model; Influential factors; Prediction model; Sliding mass; Source volume; Travel distance; Wenchuan Earthquake; Landslides; earthquake; empirical analysis; geomorphology; landslide; numerical model; sliding; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Aydan, Orner, Damage to Civil Engineering Structures by Oct. 8, 2005 Kashmir Earthquake and Recommendations for Recovery and Reconstruction, Journal of Disaster Research, 1, 3, pp. 435-443, (2006); 
Journal of the School of Marine Science and Technology, (2009); 
Berti, Matteo, Prediction of debris flow inundation areas using empirical mobility relationships, Geomorphology, 90, 1-2, pp. 144-161, (2007); 
Corominas, Jordi, The angle of reach as a mobility index for small and large landslides, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 33, 2, pp. 260-271, (1996); 
Handbook of Engineering Geology, (2007); 
Chigira, Masahiro, Landslides induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China, Geomorphology, 118, 3-4, pp. 225-238, (2010); 
Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011); 
Finlay, P. J., Landslide risk assessment: Prediction of travel distance, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 36, 3, pp. 556-562, (1999); 
Fannin, R. Jonathan, An empirical-statistical model for debris flow travel distance, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 38, 5, pp. 982-994, (2001); 
Fan, Xiaoyi, Influence of landslide and ground factors on large-scale landslide movement, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 29, 11, pp. 2337-2347, (2010)
PUBLISHER: Springer Verlag service@springer.de
DOCUMENT TYPE: Review
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Dong, J., Xu, G., Zhang, S.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Dong, Jiaxiang Xing (55478031700); Xu, Guangli (9232458900); Zhang, Shishu (55938165600)
55478031700; 9232458900; 55938165600
A new proposed rockfall hazard rating system for surrounding slope in large hydropower project
(2014) Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 19 F, pp. 1327 - 1340, Cited 1 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84896004757&partnerID=40&md5=4bccc629d653076ea9422ed3afce4ff8

AFFILIATIONS: Faculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
ABSTRACT: Rapid economic development in China demands tremendous energy supply and construction of many hydropower stations, mostly in geologically complex mountainous region in Southwest of China. Operating safely hydropower stations in this region depends upon many factors, one of them is the design of the cutting rock slopes which can control and mitigate of a series of geological hazards such as rockfalls and landslides. Lessons learnt from Wenchuan Earthquake (an Ms 8.0 earthquake occurred in Sichuan Province of China on 12 May 2008) show that only controlling the stability of cutting slope is not enough to mitigate rockfalls. Considering cutting also the natural part of the slope impending over the cutting slope, termed as surrounding slope, is very important as well. Besides the overall stability of surrounding slope, the local stability must be taken into account because of their high kinetic and potential energy. In this study, the sources of rockfall are identified and subdivided into isolated stone, dangerous rock mass and high position overburden. A rockfall hazard rating system is then proposed and contains two levels of hierarchy. Four first order indexes including the rockfall hazard sources, falling path, triggering factors and mitigation measures are used. They are subcategorized into ten second order indexes to obtain 35 basic indexes in total. A rating index R with values from 0 to 100 is calculated and is used to rate rockfall as high, medium or low hazard. The proposed rating system has been applied in Busigou hydropower station, Dadu River, Sichuan Province, China. The results suggest that this rating system can be useful to classify rockfall hazards in large surrounding slopes of hydropower station. © 2014, EJGE.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Busigou hydropower station; Cutting slope; Hazard rating system; Rockfall; Surrounding slope
INDEX KEYWORDS: Earthquakes; Ice control; Rating; Rock bursts; Geophysics; Hazards; Hydroelectric power; Hydroelectric power plants; Potential energy; Cutting slope; Hazard rating; Hydropower stations; Rockfalls; Surrounding slope; Slope stability; geological hazard; hydroelectric power plant; kinetic energy; landslide; potential energy; rockfall; Sichuan earthquake 2008; slope failure; hazard assessment; slope; slope stability; China; Dadu River; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Chen, Zuyu, A three-dimensional slope stability analysis method using the upper bound theorem Part II: Numerical approaches, applications and extensions, International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 38, 3, pp. 379-397, (2001); 
Journal of Geology Engineering, (2012); 
Ferlisi, Settimio, Rockfall risk assessment to persons travelling in vehicles along a road: The case study of the Amalfi coastal road (southern Italy), Natural Hazards, 62, 2, pp. 691-721, (2012); 
Ferrero, Anna Maria, Advanced geostructural survey methods applied to rock mass characterization, Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 42, 4, pp. 631-665, (2009); 
Fu, Shaojun, Feedback analysis of the intake slope of Longtan Hydropower project, International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 41, SUPPL. 1, pp. 3-6, (2004); 
Guzzetti, Fausto, Rockfall hazard and risk assessment along a transportation corridor in the Nera valley, central Italy, Environmental Management, 34, 2, pp. 191-208, (2004); 
Hack, H. Robert G.K., Influence of earthquakes on the stability of slopes, Engineering Geology, 91, 1, pp. 4-15, (2007); 
Huang, Bolin, Assessment of the risk of rockfalls in Wu Gorge, Three Gorges, China, Landslides, 7, 1, pp. 1-11, (2010); 
Classification and Design Safety Standard of Hydropower Projects, (2003); 
undefined, (2000)
PUBLISHER: E-Journal of Geotechnical Engineering oner@okstate.edu
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zhu, Y., Yu, B., Qi, X., Wang, T., Chen, Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhu, Yuan (56048489400); Yu, Bin (37058094800); Qi, Xing (43561695500); Wang, Tao (59614400200); Chen, Yuanjing (56048611500)
56048489400; 37058094800; 43561695500; 59614400200; 56048611500
Topographical factors in the formation of gully type debris flows in the upper reaches of Minjiang River
(2014) Jilin Daxue Xuebao (Diqiu Kexue Ban)/Journal of Jilin University (Earth Science Edition), 44 (1), pp. 268 - 277, Cited 18 times.
DOI: 10.13278/j.cnki.jjuese.201401204
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84894526935&doi=10.13278%2Fj.cnki.jjuese.201401204&partnerID=40&md5=65b6e52ff0eb0c6e085024fa1ff8c6c8

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: There are three groups of factors related to topography, geology and hydrology which have influence on the formation of gully type debris flows. In this study, a single representative factor (G-factor) for the topography is proposed, which can be used to give threshold values for debris flow formation. The study was carried out in the upper reaches of Minjiang River, which is located in the Wenchuan earthquake area. During some rainfall events after the earthquake, some gully type debris flows were triggered in some catchments. In some catchments no debris flows were triggered even though these catchments were in the vicinity of gullies with triggered debris flows. We isolated and analyzed the influence of the topography on the formation of debris flows because during these rainfall events the hydrological conditions were almost the same in the investigated gullies. We could also neutralize the influence of the geological factors by selecting groups of neighboring catchments located in areas with the same geological characteristics. A new G-factor is proposed in this study as a topographical indicator G, in which F<inf>0</inf> is the form factor of formation area, J<inf>0</inf> is the average slope of formation area, A<inf>0</inf> is the area of formation area, and A* is the unit area (=1 km2). Higher G-factor values are generally related to higher probabilities of debris flow formation. The roles of G-factor are analyzed in other areas such as Zhouqu, Gansu, and Chenyoulan River Watershed, Taiwan. It shows that the higher G-factor values, the higher probabilities of debris flow formation are in generally. In the typical areas of Minjian River areas, it is very high probabilities of debris flow formation when G≥0.21. The probabilities of debris flow formation is very low when G≤0.14.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flow; Gully type; Minjiang River; Topographical factor
REFERENCES: Debris Flow Research in China, (2004); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2009); 
Beijing, (2011); 
Liu, Chiannan, Effects of strong ground motion on the susceptibility of gully type debris flows, Engineering Geology, 104, 3-4, pp. 241-253, (2009); 
Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation, (1989); 
Debris Flow in Gansu Province, (1982); 
undefined, (2012); 
Research and Prevention of Debris Flow, (2000); 
Modern Geomorphology, (2006); 
Takahashi, Tamotsu, Debris flow on prismatic open channel., American Society of Civil Engineers, Journal of the Hydraulics Division, 106, HY3 Proc. Paper, 15245, pp. 381-396, (1980)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wang, J., Sun, G., Shi, F., Lu, T., Wang, Q., Wu, Y., Wu, N., Oli, K.P.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wang, Jinniu (55238022400); Sun, Geng (35327986200); Shi, Fusun (15124549800); Lu, Tao (56406648100); Wang, Qian (58444309000); Wu, Yan (56165395200); Wu, Ning (36956501500); Oli, Krishna Prasad Sharma (56016757300)
55238022400; 35327986200; 15124549800; 56406648100; 58444309000; 56165395200; 36956501500; 56016757300
Runoff and soil loss in a typical subtropical evergreen forest stricken by the Wenchuan earthquake: Their relationships with rainfall, slope inclination, and vegetation cover
(2014) Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 69 (1), pp. 65 - 74, Cited 12 times.
DOI: 10.2489/jswc.69.1.65
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84893124798&doi=10.2489%2Fjswc.69.1.65&partnerID=40&md5=d5215802c8c520fdb62ce7beda8f0f0f

AFFILIATIONS: Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Chengdu Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal
ABSTRACT: Earthquakes cause serious environmental problems for restoration and reconstruction of the area. Previous studies evaluated the consequences of soil loss and runoff from earthquakes. Some studies estimated soil loss and runoff amount precisely, but empirical studies on in situ and high geomorphic variability are lacking. This study was carried out in Xiaoyudong Township of Pengzhou County, China, in a typical subtropical, moist climate zone, with the vegetation of a subtropical, evergreen forest where the most destructive earthquake, named the Wenchuan earthquake occurred in May 12, 2008. This severe earthquake was followed by more than 30,000 aftershocks causing devastating landslides, soil erosion, runoff, and vegetation loss, which make the fault zone in the Longmen Mountains of Sichuan Province a perfect study area. The broad objective of this study was to estimate the sediment amount generated by the Wenchuan earthquake. The results show that (1) more runoff and soil loss occurred in landslides than at forested sites after the earthquake; (2) runoff and soil loss have positive linear correlations with rainfall amount and slope gradient, but there is a negative exponential correlation between vegetation cover and runoff, as well as soil loss; and (3) classification grades of soil erosion intensity reveals that total soil loss of very severe grade was 14.3% at the landslides sites. Moreover, 4.72 × 106 t (4.65 × 106 tn) of soil was still strikingly lost from landslides two years after the earthquake. Copyright © 2014 Soil and Water Conservation Society.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Landslides; Runoff; Slope gradients; Soil erosion; Vegetation cover; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: aftershock; correlation; earthquake damage; earthquake event; evergreen forest; fault zone; geomorphological response; landslide; mountain; runoff; soil degradation; soil erosion; subtropical region; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Allen, Robert B., Immediate damage by an earthquake to a temperate montane forest, Ecology, 80, 2, pp. 708-714, (1999); 
Bochet, Esther, Runoff and soil loss under individual plants of a semi-arid Mediterranean shrubland: Influence of plant morphology and rainfall intensity, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 31, 5, pp. 536-549, (2006); 
Bochet, Esther, Modified topsoil islands within patchy Mediterranean vegetation in SE Spain, Catena, 38, 1, pp. 23-44, (1999); 
Chen, Huai, Aftermath of the wenchuan earthquake, Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 7, 2, (2009); 
Chigira, Masahiro, Geological and geomorphological characteristics of landslides triggered by the 2004 Mid Niigta prefecture earthquake in Japan, Engineering Geology, 82, 4, pp. 202-221, (2006); 
Chigira, Masahiro, Landslides induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China, Geomorphology, 118, 3-4, pp. 225-238, (2010); 
Claessens, Lieven, Reconstructing high-magnitude/low-frequency landslide events based on soil redistribution modelling and a Late-Holocene sediment record from New Zealand, Geomorphology, 74, 1-4, pp. 29-49, (2006); 
Collison, Andrew J.C., Modelling the impact of predicted climate change on landslide frequency and magnitude in SE England, Engineering Geology, 55, 3, pp. 205-218, (2000); 
Di, Baofeng, Quantifying the spatial distribution of soil mass wasting processes after the 2008 earthquake in Wenchuan, China. A case study of the Longmenshan area, Remote Sensing of Environment, 114, 4, pp. 761-771, (2010); 
Eden, Dennis N., Palaeoclimatic implications of a storm erosion record from late holocene lake sediments, North Island, New Zealand, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 139, 1-2, pp. 37-58, (1998)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zhou, W., Tang, C., van Asch, T.W.J., Zhou, C.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhou, Wei (55443778400); Tang, Chuan (35932953300); van Asch, Theodore W.J. (6701661708); Zhou, Chunhua (55444159500)
55443778400; 35932953300; 6701661708; 55444159500
Rainfall-triggering response patterns of post-seismic debris flows in the Wenchuan earthquake area
(2014) Natural Hazards, 70 (2), pp. 1417 - 1435, Cited 37 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11069-013-0883-8
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84891115042&doi=10.1007%2Fs11069-013-0883-8&partnerID=40&md5=0bb02c7ef1a3961c4a417a945a0cee8f

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Universiteit Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands; Sichuan Meteorological Observatory, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: Several giant debris flows occurred in southwestern China after the Wenchuan earthquake, causing serious casualties and economic losses. Debris flows were frequently triggered after the earthquake. A relatively accurate prediction of these post-seismic debris flows can help to reduce the consequent damages. Existing debris flow prediction is almost based on the study of the relationship between post-earthquake debris flows and rainfall. The relationship between the occurrence of post-seismic debris flows and characteristic rainfall patterns was studied in this paper. Fourteen rainfall events related to debris flows that occurred in four watersheds in the Wenchuan earthquake area were collected. By analyzing the rainfall data, characteristics of rainfall events that triggered debris flows after the earthquake were obtained. Both the critical maximum rainfall intensity and average rainfall intensity increased with the time. To describe the critical conditions for debris flow initiation, intensity-duration curves were constructed, which shows how the threshold for triggering debris flows increased each year. The time that the critical rainfall intensities of debris flow occurrences return to the value prior to the earthquake could not be estimated due to the absent rainfall data before the earthquake. Rainfall-triggering response patterns could be distinguished for rainfall-induced debris flows. The critical rainfall patterns related to debris flows could be divided on the basis of antecedent rainfall duration and intensity into three categories: (1) a rapid triggering response pattern, (2) an intermediate triggering response pattern, and (3) a slow triggering response pattern. The triggering response patterns are closely related to the initiation mechanisms of post-earthquake debris flows. The main difference in initiation mechanisms and difference in triggering patterns by rainfall is regulated by the infiltration process and determined by a number of parameters, such as hydro-mechanical soil characteristics, the thickness of the soil, and the slope gradient. In case of a rapid triggering response rainfall pattern, the hydraulic conductivity and initial moisture content are the main impact factors. Runoff erosion and rapid loading of solid material is the dominant process. In case of a rainfall pattern with a slow triggering response, the thickness and strength of the soil, high hydraulic conductivity, and rainfall intensity are the impact factors. Probably slope failure is the most dominant process initiating debris flows. In case of an intermediate triggering response pattern, both debris flow initiation mechanisms (runoff erosion and slope failure) can play a role. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Critical rainfall; Debris flow; Rainfall-triggering response pattern; Triggering mechanisms; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: debris flow; earthquake damage; earthquake mechanism; earthquake trigger; precipitation intensity; rainfall; Sichuan earthquake 2008; slope failure; trigger mechanism; China
REFERENCES: Chang, Fi John, Investigating the impact of the Chi-Chi earthquake on the occurrence of debris flows using artificial neural networks, Hydrological Processes, 23, 19, pp. 2728-2736, (2009); 
Chang, Chiwen, Estimation of sediment volume of debris flow caused by extreme rainfall in Taiwan, Engineering Geology, 123, 1-2, pp. 83-90, (2011); 
Chen, Jinnchyi, Variability of impact of earthquake on debris-flow triggering conditions: Case study of Chen-Yu-Lan watershed, Taiwan, Environmental Earth Sciences, 64, 7, pp. 1787-1794, (2011); 
Chen, Hongey, Relationship between earthquake disturbance, tropical rainstorms and debris movement: An overview from Taiwan, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 68, 2, pp. 161-186, (2009); 
Chen, Hongxin, Mechanisms and runout characteristics of the rainfall-triggered debris flow in Xiaojiagou in Sichuan Province, China, Natural Hazards, 62, 3, pp. 1037-1057, (2012); 
Chigira, Masahiro, Landslides induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China, Geomorphology, 118, 3-4, pp. 225-238, (2010); 
Atlas of Seismological and Geological Disasters Associated with the 12 May 2008 Ms 8 0 Wenchuan Great Earthquake Sichuan China, (2009); 
Godt, Jonathan W., Alpine debris flows triggered by a 28 July 1999 thunderstorm in the central Front Range, Colorado, Geomorphology, 84, 1-2, pp. 80-97, (2007); 
J Agric Sci, (1911); 
Gregoretti, Carlo, The triggering of debris flow due to channel-bed failure in some alpine headwater basins of the Dolomites: Analyses of critical runoff, Hydrological Processes, 22, 13, pp. 2248-2263, (2008)
PUBLISHER: Kluwer Academic Publishers
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Jiao, Q., Zhang, B., Liu, L., Li, Z., Yue, Y., Hu, Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Jiao, Quanjun (23492392400); Zhang, Bing (8835983800); Liu, Liangyun (8600097300); Li, Zhenwang (57221667495); Yue, Yueming Min (35075437100); Hu, Yong (57209789813)
23492392400; 8835983800; 8600097300; 57221667495; 35075437100; 57209789813
Assessment of spatio-temporal variations in vegetation recovery after the Wenchuan earthquake using Landsat data
(2014) Natural Hazards, 70 (2), pp. 1309 - 1326, Cited 33 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11069-013-0875-8
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84891112141&doi=10.1007%2Fs11069-013-0875-8&partnerID=40&md5=4d85dec3030765cda6f906158d6360e6

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: The 8.0-magnitude Wenchuan earthquake in 2008 damaged the ecology of northwestern Sichuan, China. This study assessed ecological changes within a few years of the earthquake through satellite observations of vegetation dynamics in the earthquake area. As an ecological indicator, the fractional vegetation cover was extracted using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index based on multi-year Landsat images and was validated using airborne images. We found that the entire mountainous disaster area had recovered by 68.45 % 3 years after the 2008 earthquake. After rapid recovery of vegetation in 2009, the recovery process slowed. The vegetation recovery rate (VRR) in the area heavily damaged by landslides was slightly lower but nearly that of the entire disaster area. In addition, because of differences in the proportions of soil and rock in the damaged areas, recovery of vegetation in the southwest portion of the study area was slower than in the northeast areas. Topographic analysis of vegetation recovery patterns indicated that damage to vegetation was closely related to slope, while recovery of vegetation was more sensitive to elevation. The landscape analysis showed that the recovery rate (65.21 %) of the excellent vegetation cover type was slower than the overall VRR. This study suggests that vegetation recovery is a slow ecological process and that ecological restoration should be implemented in mountainous regions affected by the earthquake. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Aerial photography; Landsat; Vegetation recovery; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: aerial photography; assessment method; earthquake magnitude; Landsat; landscape change; NDVI; Sichuan earthquake 2008; spatial variation; temporal variation; topography; vegetation cover; vegetation dynamics; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Ajami, Sima, The role of earthquake information management systems (EIMSs) in reducing destruction: A comparative study of Japan, Turkey and Iran, Disaster Prevention and Management, 18, 2, pp. 150-161, (2009); 
Brown, Daniel, The use of remotely sensed data and ground survey tools to assess damage and monitor early recovery following the 12.5.2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China, Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 10, 3, pp. 741-764, (2012); 
Carlson, Toby Nahum, On the relation between NDVI, fractional vegetation cover, and leaf area index, Remote Sensing of Environment, 62, 3, pp. 241-252, (1997); 
Standards for Classification and Gradation of Soil Erosion, (2018); 
Seismic Intensity Map of the M8 0 Wenchuan Earthquake, (2008); 
Hernandez-Clemente, Rocio, Monitoring post-fire regeneration in Mediterranean ecosystems by employing multitemporal satellite imagery, International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18, 6, pp. 648-658, (2009); 
Cohen, Warren B., Landsat's role in ecological applications of remote sensing, BioScience, 54, 6, pp. 535-545, (2004); 
Ferguson, Bruce G., Post-agricultural succession in El Petén, Guatemala, Conservation Biology, 17, 3, pp. 818-828, (2003); 
Guo, Huadong, Dynamic analysis of the Wenchuan Earthquake disaster and reconstruction with 3-year remote sensing data, International Journal of Digital Earth, 3, 4, pp. 355-364, (2010); 
Hu, Yong, Comparison of absolute and relative radiometric normalization use landsat time series images, Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, 8006, (2011)
PUBLISHER: Kluwer Academic Publishers
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Ding, M., Hu, K.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Ding, Mingtao (55421086000); Hu, Kaiheng (55648903800)
55421086000; 55648903800
Susceptibility mapping of landslides in Beichuan County using cluster and MLC methods
(2014) Natural Hazards, 70 (1), pp. 755 - 766, Cited 24 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11069-013-0854-0
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84891022900&doi=10.1007%2Fs11069-013-0854-0&partnerID=40&md5=a792b978f4e10bad414668edfa976aeb

AFFILIATIONS: School of Environment and Resource, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Cluster analysis and maximum likelihood classification (MLC) are exploited to map the post-earthquake landslide susceptibility in Beichuan County that was affected by the Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake. The methodology is applicable even if there is short of training data. Six effective factors are chosen for mapping the susceptibility, including land use, seismic intensity, average annual rainfall, relative relief, slop gradient and lithology. Four clusters are grouped from sampling grid cells by k-means clustering approach. MLC classifies all the cells in the study area into the four clusters according to their statistical characteristics. Four susceptibility classes (extreme low, low, moderate and high) are assigned to these clusters applying expert experience and hazard density. The final map gives a reasonable assessment of post-earthquake landslide susceptibility in Beichuan County. Comparing with the pre-earthquake susceptibility map made in Beichuan County geological disaster survey project, the result t using cluster and MLC classification has a better agreement with the dot density value of post-earthquake landslides in Beichuan County. The susceptibility map can be used to identify safety spots within the high danger area, which are suitable for habitations and facilities. It is also found that more landslides are densely concentrated at the boundary between high and moderate regions, and between high and extreme low regions. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Beichuan County; Clustering analysis; Landslide; Susceptibility mapping
INDEX KEYWORDS: cluster analysis; earthquake intensity; land use; landslide; lithology; mapping; maximum likelihood analysis; rainfall; Sichuan earthquake 2008; Beichuan; China; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Carrara, Alberto, Comparing models of debris-flow susceptibility in the alpine environment, Geomorphology, 94, 3-4, pp. 353-378, (2008); 
Cui, Peng, The Wenchuan Earthquake (May 12, 2008), Sichuan Province, China, and resulting geohazards, Natural Hazards, 56, 1, pp. 19-36, (2011); 
Dai, Fuchu, Landslide characteristics and slope instability modeling using GIS, Lantau Island, Hong Kong, Geomorphology, 42, 3-4, pp. 213-228, (2002); 
Ercanoǧlu, Murat, Landslide susceptibility assessment of SE Bartin (West Black Sea region, Turkey) by artificial neural networks, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 5, 6, pp. 979-992, (2005); 
García-Rodríguez, M. J., Susceptibility assessment of earthquake-triggered landslides in El Salvador using logistic regression, Geomorphology, 95, 3-4, pp. 172-191, (2008); 
He, Yiping, GIS-based regional landslide susceptibility mapping: A case study in southern California, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 33, 3, pp. 380-393, (2008); 
Huang, Runqiu, Research on development and distribution rules of geohazards induced by Wenchuan earthquake on 12th May, 2008, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 27, 12, pp. 2585-2592, (2008); 
Kamp, Ulrich, GIS-based landslide susceptibility mapping for the 2005 Kashmir earthquake region, Geomorphology, 101, 4, pp. 631-642, (2008); 
Lan, Hengxing, Landslide hazard spatial analysis and prediction using GIS in the Xiaojiang watershed, Yunnan, China, Engineering Geology, 76, 1-2, pp. 109-128, (2004); 
Saro, Lee M., Landslide susceptibility analysis using GIS and artificial neural network, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 28, 12, pp. 1361-1376, (2003)
PUBLISHER: Kluwer Academic Publishers
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

van Asch, T.W.J., Tang, C., Alkema, D., Zhu, J., Zhou, W.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: van Asch, Theodore W.J. (6701661708); Tang, Chuan (35932953300); Alkema, Dinand (55894216400); Zhu, Jin (57221216147); Zhou, Wei (55443778400)
6701661708; 35932953300; 55894216400; 57221216147; 55443778400
An integrated model to assess critical rainfall thresholds for run-out distances of debris flows
(2014) Natural Hazards, 70 (1), pp. 299 - 311, Cited 58 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11069-013-0810-z
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84891003946&doi=10.1007%2Fs11069-013-0810-z&partnerID=40&md5=492ceb22cd241f14b75bd328c07578dc

AFFILIATIONS: Universiteit Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands; State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection (Chengdu, University of Technology, Chengdu, Guangdong, China; not available, Buren, Netherlands
ABSTRACT: A dramatic increase in debris flows occurred in the years after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in SW China due to the deposition of loose co-seismic landslide material. This paper proposes a preliminary integrated model, which describes the relationship between rain input and debris flow run-out in order to establish critical rain thresholds for mobilizing enough debris volume to reach the basin outlet. The model integrates in a simple way rainfall, surface runoff, and concentrated erosion of the loose material deposited in channels, propagation, and deposition of flow material. The model could be calibrated on total volumes of debris flow materials deposited at the outlet of the Shuida catchment during two successive rain events which occurred in August 2011. The calibrated model was used to construct critical rainfall intensity-duration graphs defining thresholds for a run-out distance until the outlet of the catchment. Model simulations show that threshold values increase after successive rain events due to a decrease in erodible material. The constructed rainfall intensity-duration threshold graphs for the Shuida catchment based on the current situation appeared to have basically the same exponential value as a threshold graph for debris flow occurrences, constructed for the Wenjia catchment on the basis of 5 observed triggering rain events. This may indicate that the triggering mechanism by intensive run-off erosion in channels in this catchment is the same. The model did not account for a supply of extra loose material by landslips transforming into debris flow or reaching the channels for transportation by run-off. In August 2012, two severe rain events were measured in the Shuida catchment, which did not produce debris flows. This could be confirmed by the threshold diagram constructed by the model. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flow; Integrated model; Intensity duration curves; Rainfall threshold; Run out distance; Triggering mechanism
INDEX KEYWORDS: calibration; catchment; debris flow; erosion; integrated approach; numerical model; rainfall; runoff; Sichuan earthquake 2008; threshold; trigger mechanism; China
REFERENCES: Beguería, Santiago, A GIS-based numerical model for simulating the kinematics of mud and debris flows over complex terrain, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 9, 6, pp. 1897-1909, (2009); 
Berti, Matteo, Experimental evidences and numerical modelling of debris flow initiated by channel runoff, Landslides, 2, 3, pp. 171-182, (2005); 
Berti, Matteo, Field observations of a debris flow event in the Dolomites, Geomorphology, 29, 3-4, pp. 265-274, (1999); 
Cascini, Leonardo, Seasonal effects of rainfall on the shallow pyroclastic deposits of the Campania region (southern Italy), Landslides, 11, 5, pp. 779-792, (2014); 
Chen, Chienyuan, Rainfall duration and debris-flow initiated studies for real-time monitoring, Environmental Geology, 47, 5, pp. 715-724, (2005); 
Chen, Ningsheng, Comparative study on debris flow initiation in limestone and sandstone spoil, Journal of Mountain Science, 10, 2, pp. 190-198, (2013); 
Chen, Hongxin, Hybrid simulation of the initiation and runout characteristics of a catastrophic debris flow, Journal of Mountain Science, 10, 2, pp. 219-232, (2013); 
Christen, Marc, RAMMS: Numerical simulation of dense snow avalanches in three-dimensional terrain, Cold Regions Science and Technology, 63, 1-2, pp. 1-14, (2010); 
Coe, Jeffrey A., Introduction to the special issue on debris flows initiated by runoff, erosion, and sediment entrainment in western North America, Geomorphology, 96, 3-4, pp. 247-249, (2008); 
Coussot, Philippe, Mudflow rheology and dynamics, (1997)
PUBLISHER: Kluwer Academic Publishers
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Professor Yue, Z.-Q.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Professor Yue, Quentin Zhong Q. (57208491612)
57208491612
Cause and mechanism of highly compressed and dense methane gas mass for Wenchuan earthquake and associated rock-avalanches and surface co-seismic ruptures
(2013) Earth Science Frontiers, 20 (6), pp. 15 - 20, Cited 20 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84890839548&partnerID=40&md5=c695ce6ac606ef34025a4678c965db31

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
ABSTRACT: This paper presents and shows that Wenchuan earthquake of May 12, 2008 was caused by the rapid migration and expansion of a large amount of highly pressurized and dense methane gas mass in crustal rock masses. The dense gas mass was trapped in deep crustal rock masses. Because of increase in its pressure and mass, the dense gas mass suddenly ruptured the crustal rocks at deep Longmenshan faults with high compressions. A part of the dense gas mass escaped the trap and rapidly migrated from deep crustal rock to shallow crustal rocks along the faults, contacts and beddings and expanded the crustal rock masses. The expanding power of the dense gas that migrated into some isolated hard rock slopes caused the rock avalanche-rock debris flows at mountains. The expanding power of the dense gas that migrated into some isolated soil river beds and slopes caused the co-seismic ruptures at ground surfaces.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Cause and mechanism; Dense methane gas; Rock avalanches; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Crustal rocks; Ground surfaces; High compressions; Large amounts; Longmenshan faults; Methane gas; Rock avalanche; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes; Gases; Methane; Rock mechanics; Rocks
REFERENCES: undefined, (2009); 
Professor Yue, Quentin Zhong Q., Features and mechanism of coseismic surface ruptures byWenchuan earthquake of May 12, 2008, pp. 761-768, (2010); 
undefined, (2011); 
undefined, (2011); 
Earthquake Induced Landslides, (2013); 
Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Fracture, (2013); 
Professor Yue, Quentin Zhong Q., On nature of earthquakes with cause of compressed methane gas expansion and migration in crustal rocks, pp. 507-516, (2013); 
Professor Yue, Quentin Zhong Q., Why our Earth's crust not quiet?, pp. 43-50, (2013); 
Acta Mechanica, (2013); 
undefined, (2007)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Yin, Z., Chen, H., Chu, H., Xu, Y., Zhao, W.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Yin, Zhiqiang (57225702086); Chen, Hongqi (58286581200); Chu, Hongliang (55972359800); Xu, Yongqiang (55972768900); Zhao, Wuji (55683144500)
57225702086; 58286581200; 55972359800; 55972768900; 55683144500
Analysis on the key controlling factors of geo-hazards triggered by five typical earthquake events in China since 2008
(2013) Earth Science Frontiers, 20 (6), pp. 289 - 302, Cited 14 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84890836210&partnerID=40&md5=958f25c791af4d6fa10dfdcea3360348

AFFILIATIONS: China Institute of Geo-Environment Monitoring, Beijing, Beijing, China; China University of Geosciences, Beijing, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: On the basis of surveying and mapping of some typical geo-hazards induced by Wenchuan, Lushan, Yushu, Minxian, and Yiliang earthquakes that happened in western China since 2008, the key controlling factors of geo-hazards induced by earthquake are studied in the paper. Some main conclusions are as follows: (1) the spatial distribution of geo-hazards induced by earthquake was mainly controlled by four factors, i.e., the active nature of the seismogenic fault, the peak ground acceleration (PGA), the geomorphological slope and elevation of the seismic area, and the distance from the seismogenic faults and rivers. The geo-hazards induced by earthquake were distributed along the fault and exhibited in the shape of bands; the impact of high-speed remote landslides occurring on a high position with mass volume was more severe; (2) the greater magnitude of earthquake, the steeper geomorphological slope, and the heavily broken and weathering strata will more probably cause severe geo-hazards, such as the Wenchuan earthquake area; (3) there is no inevitable relationship between the spatial distribution characteristics and the level of seismic intensity. Some mountains and canyons are often hazard-prone areas because of the highly geomorphological enlarger effects. Therefore, the forming patterns and mechanisms of geo-hazards induced by earthquake were fully utilized in the survey of the geo-hazards after earthquake, and the epicenter and high intensity seismic zones are not often necessarily the hazard-prone areas. The results of this paper may be used to predict the spatial distribution areas of geo-hazards induced by earthquake, and provide some technical supports for emergency response.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Controlling factors; Earthquake; Geo-hazards; Triggered
INDEX KEYWORDS: Controlling factors; Distribution characteristics; Geo-hazards; Key controlling factors; Peak ground acceleration; Seismogenic faults; Triggered; Wenchuan Earthquake; Faulting; Hazards; Spatial distribution; Surveys; Weathering; Earthquakes
REFERENCES: Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011); 
Tang, Chuan, Landslides induced by the Wenchuan earthquake and the subsequent strong rainfall event: A case study in the Beichuan area of China, Engineering Geology, 122, 1-2, pp. 22-33, (2011); 
Yin, Yueping, Catastrophic landslides associated with the M8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 70, 1, pp. 15-32, (2011); 
undefined, (2012); 
undefined, (2012); 
undefined, (2012); 
undefined, (2008); 
Cui, Peng, The 12 May Wenchuan earthquake-induced landslide lakes: Distribution and preliminary risk evaluation, Landslides, 6, 3, pp. 209-223, (2009); 
undefined, (2008); 
undefined, (2012)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Xu, C.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Xu, Chong (35184309900)
35184309900
Correlations of earthquake-triggered landslides volume and seismogenic fault: A case study of the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, China
(2013), pp. 93 - 98, Cited 2 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84890059230&partnerID=40&md5=2c195abba9eeec71dd7441aaeb5904cc

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: I spent almost 4 years on constructing inventory of landslides triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake based on visual interpretation of high-resolutions satellite images and aerial photographs pre- and post-earthquake, and verified by selected field investigations. At least 197,481 individual landslides were triggered the earthquake and throughout an area of about 110,000 km2. These landslides cover about 1,160 km2. The main purpose of this paper is to discover correlations of landslides material volume and seismiogenic fault. LMT (landslide material thickness) map was produced based on "areavolume" power-law correlation in 1 km × 1 km calculation windows. It showed that areas of LMT values exceeding 1 m mostly distributed in the hanging wall areas of the southwest segment of the seismiogenic fault. This segment is mainly in thrusting feature. This study shows that thrusting-fault generated earthquake generally trigger a large number of landslides than other types of fault-generated earthquakes. © 2013 Taylor & Francis Group, London.
INDEX KEYWORDS: 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Earthquake-triggered landslides; Field investigation; Material thickness; Power-law correlations; Seismogenic faults; Visual interpretation; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes; Engineering geology; Landslides; Faulting
REFERENCES: Chaytor, Jason D., Size distribution of submarine landslides along the U.S. Atlantic margin, Marine Geology, 264, 1-2, pp. 16-27, (2009); 
Chen, Xiaoli, The main factors causing the seismic landslide distribution difference on two sides of the faults-A case study of landslide distribution in Beichuan area, Acta Geophysica Sinica, 54, 3, pp. 737-746, (2011); 
Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011); 
Geertsema, Marten, A large rockslide - Debris avalanche in cohesive soil at Pink Mountain, northeastern British Columbia, Canada, Engineering Geology, 83, 1-3, pp. 64-75, (2006); 
Görüm, Tolga, Distribution pattern of earthquake-induced landslides triggered by the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Geomorphology, 133, 3-4, pp. 152-167, (2011); 
Guzzetti, Fausto, Landslide volumes and landslide mobilization rates in Umbria, central Italy, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 279, 3-4, pp. 222-229, (2009); 
Guzzetti, Fausto, Landslide inventory maps: New tools for an old problem, Earth-Science Reviews, 112, 1-2, pp. 42-66, (2012); 
Harp, Edwin L., Shaking intensity thresholds for rock falls and slides: evidence from 1987 Whittier Narrows and Superstition Hills earthquake strong- motion records, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 85, 6, pp. 1739-1757, (1995); 
Harp, Edwin L., Landslide inventories: The essential part of seismic landslide hazard analyses, Engineering Geology, 122, 1-2, pp. 9-21, (2011); 
Huang, Runqiu, Analysis of the geo-hazards triggered by the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake, China, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 68, 3, pp. 363-371, (2009)
SPONSORS: International Association for Engineering, Geology and the Environment (IAEG)
CONFERENCE NAME: International Symposium and 9th Asian Regional Conference of IAEG "Global View of Engineering Geology and the Environment"
CONFERENCE DATE: 2013-09-24 through 2013-09-25
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wang, G., Qi, S., Lan, H.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wang, Genlong (59454567100); Qi, Shengwen (55411952900); Lan, Hengxing (7102710925)
59454567100; 55411952900; 7102710925
Numerical simulation of limit pressure against debris flow for the 8th August, 2010 Sanyanyu debris flow in China: A case study
(2013), pp. 173 - 177, Cited 1 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84890050351&partnerID=40&md5=c664d556b3e707c108a33f17e18af454

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory for Geo-hazards in Loess Area, China Geological Survey, Beijing, Beijing, China; Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; Institute of Geographic Science and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: On 8th August, 2010, the catastrophic debris flows in Zhouqu County, China, shocked the world. The event destroyed more than 200 houses, killing some 1700 people. Field investigation indicated that nine masonry check dams built in the 1990s and after Wenchuan Earthquake of 12th May 2008 (Ms = 8.0) have been destroyed by the debris flows. In this paper, the limit pressure against debris flow has been studied by FLAC3D analysis software. Taking the check dam No. 3 as an example, the practical pressure of debris flow was calculated to be 98.8 kPa, which was greater than the previous design value of 66 kPa. Consequently, the inadequate design standard for check dams was the main reason for check dam destruction. In the process of reconstruction, the previous masonry check dams have been replaced by reinforced concrete gravity dams. By means of FLAC3D, the limit pressure against debris flow for concrete gravity dam reached 170 kPa, which was much greater than the calculated pressure (98.8 kPa). The results of numerical simulation indicated that the new structure (i.e. concrete gravity dam) was sturdy enough to withstand a large scale debris flow such as the 2010 Sanyanyu debris flow. The research will be valuable for improving protective measures against debris flow in disaster area of Zhouqu County. © 2013 Taylor & Francis Group, London.
INDEX KEYWORDS: Analysis softwares; Concrete gravity dams; Disaster areas; Field investigation; Inadequate design; Limit pressures; Protective measures; Wenchuan Earthquake; Concrete dams; Concretes; Design; Disasters; Engineering geology; Gravity dams; Masonry materials; Numerical models; Reinforced concrete; Three dimensional; Debris
REFERENCES: Dijkstra, Tom A., Geomorphic controls and debris flows—the 2010 Zhouqu disaster, China, pp. 287-293, (2012); 
Hauksson, Sigurjón, Laboratory measurements of impact forces of supercritical granular flow against mast-like obstacles, Cold Regions Science and Technology, 49, 1, pp. 54-63, (2007); 
Hürlimann, Marcel, Detailed debris flow hazard assessment in Andorra: A multidisciplinary approach, Geomorphology, 78, 3-4, pp. 359-372, (2006); 
Debris Flow Hazards and Related Phenomena, (2005); 
Sino Geotechnics, (1999); 
Journal of the Japan Society of Erosion Control Engineering, (1990); 
Specification of Geological Investigation for Debris Flow Stabilization, (2006); 
Schuster, Robert L., Overview of catastrophic landslides of South America in the twentieth century, GSA Reviews in Engineering Geology, 15, pp. 1-34, (2002); 
Tang, Chuan, Triggering conditions and depositional characteristics of a disastrous debris flow event in Zhouqu city, Gansu Province, northwestern China, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 11, 11, pp. 2903-2912, (2011); 
Teufelsbauer, Harald, DEM simulation of impact force exerted by granular flow on rigid structures, Acta Geotechnica, 6, 3, pp. 119-133, (2011)
SPONSORS: International Association for Engineering, Geology and the Environment (IAEG)
CONFERENCE NAME: International Symposium and 9th Asian Regional Conference of IAEG "Global View of Engineering Geology and the Environment"
CONFERENCE DATE: 2013-09-24 through 2013-09-25
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Global View of Engineering Geology and the Environment - Proceedings of the International Symposium and 9th Asian Regional Conference of IAEG
(2013), Cited 0 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84890033439&partnerID=40&md5=50053547c18c5fed643d5f00fcbb4e0c

ABSTRACT: The proceedings contain 135 papers. The topics discussed include: meta-synthesis in the engineering geology; technical criteria for the design of foundation slabs and perimetral wall in difficult terrain in south east Madrid, Spain; assessing the stability of a natural slope; understanding darcian flow leads to understanding aquifer mechanics; physico-chemical mechanics of clay soils; the role of rockfall intensity on its risk assessment; comparisons between Japan and china on stability analysis of landslide in the dam reservoir; simulation research on the forming mechanics of xiaoyudong fault in wenchuan earthquake; study on mountain slopes topographic effect induced by wenchuan earthquake; geochemistry characteristics of gouge from the watershed fault zone along the northern edge of the West Qinling, NW China; mechanism of geohazards triggered by the 2012 yiliang double earthquakes in yunnan province, china; and correlations of earthquake-triggered landslides volume and seismogenic fault: a case study of the May 12, 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, China.
SPONSORS: International Association for Engineering, Geology and the Environment (IAEG)
CONFERENCE NAME: International Symposium and 9th Asian Regional Conference of IAEG "Global View of Engineering Geology and the Environment"
CONFERENCE DATE: 2013-09-24 through 2013-09-25
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference review
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Fan, Y., Chen, G., Kasama, K., Li, Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Fan, Yanan (55867277000); Chen, Guangqi (55577206900); Kasama, Kiyonobu (7005670209); Li, Yange (55339639500)
55867277000; 55577206900; 7005670209; 55339639500
Susceptibility analysis of earthquake induced landslide-dam based on GIS
(2013), 4, pp. 2646 - 2653, Cited 0 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84892853015&partnerID=40&md5=61bca023e4051b61df3bb5ce2f55eff7

AFFILIATIONS: Civil and Structural Engineering Department, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Japan
ABSTRACT: Some significant hazards may occur due to large landslide-dams formed by earthquake induced landslides. It presents serious threats to both life and property from possible upstream flooding as the impounded lake water level rises, possible dam failure and downstream flooding as rapid release of impounded water. In order to prevent those secondary disasters, we made an assumption that the landslide dam is only formed when a large amount of landslide deposits directly rush into a river with moderate or high-velocities, and then presented a practical prediction method to extract the dangerous slopes as sources of earthquake induced landslide-dam formation. The prediction procedure consists of the following steps: (1) Identification of all the slopes using spatial statistics; (2) The extraction of potential slopes according to our assumption using three spatial relation filters; (3) Stability analysis to determine landslide prone slopes and volume estimation of potential landslide deposits using Limit Equilibrium Analysis. (4) Production of susceptibility map by ranking the exact slopes. This method has been used to extract slopes those have potential to collapse and form landslide-dams in the catchment of Tongkou river based on the data from 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. The results show that the proposed method is effective and efficient. Copyright 2013 ARMA, American Rock Mechanics Association.
INDEX KEYWORDS: 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Earthquake-induced landslides; Landslide deposits; Limit equilibrium analysis; Secondary disasters; Spatial statistics; Susceptibility analysis; Volume estimations; Catchments; Dams; Deposits; Disaster prevention; Disasters; Earthquakes; Floods; Geomechanics; Rivers; Rock mechanics; Water levels; Landslides
REFERENCES: Special Conference Material, (2008); 
Foundation Engineering Equipment, (2005); 
Annual Report of the Research Institute for Hazards in Snowy Area, (2005); 
Jsece, (2009); 
Large Scale Landslides Induced by the Wenchuan Earthquake, (2009); 
Floods Geomorphology, (1998); 
Journal of the Japan Society of Erosion Control Engineering; 
Arc Hydro GIS for Water Resources, (2002); 
Journal of the Japan Society of Engineering Geology, (2005); 
Landslide Susceptibility Zonation in Slopeland of Urban Area, (2007)
SPONSORS: American Rock Mechanics Association
CONFERENCE NAME: 47th US Rock Mechanics / Geomechanics Symposium 2013
CONFERENCE DATE: 2013-06-23 through 2013-06-26
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zhang, Y., Cheng, Y., Yao, X., Wang, J., Wu, S.-R., Wang, M.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhang, Yongshuang (55883678200); Cheng, Yuliang (55960618500); Yao, Xin (55723721600); Wang, Jun (55961808400); Wu, Shuren (15744734100); Wang, Meng (56005261600)
55883678200; 55960618500; 55723721600; 55961808400; 15744734100; 56005261600
The evolution process of Wenchuan earthquake-landslide-debris flow geohazard chain
(2013) Geological Bulletin of China, 32 (12), pp. 1900 - 1910, Cited 25 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84892512310&partnerID=40&md5=f7e8445997a593523c489b37874a31e6

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China; Sichuan Academy of Geological Survey, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Since the Wenchuan Ms 8.0 earthquake which occurred on May 12, 2008, the geohazards in the earthquake-stricken region have assumed obvious "post-earthquake effect" characteristics. The great earthquake caused a large amount of rock falls and landslides on the mountain ridges and watershed slopes, and the landslide masses were scattered on the upper-middle part of the mountains. Under intense rainfall, a lot of loose deposits were brought together along the steep gully, and their movement was accelerated to form a devastating high-position debris flow, thus constituting a typical earthquake-landslide-debris flow chain. Based on a brief summarization of the co-earthquake geohazards in the Wenchuan earthquake area, this paper has discussed six types of geohazards during the rain season after the Wenchuan earthquake as well as their appearance styles. The evolution process of earthquake-landslide-debris flow disaster chain can be divided into four stages, i.e., nurtured stage, co-earthquake landslides stage, post earthquake landslide-debris flow development stage, and high debris flow evolution stage. The discrimination indexes of high debris flows are put forward, and their distribution features, motive changing trend and corresponding control countermeasures are discussed.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Geohazard chain; Geohazard control; High debris flow; Seismic landslides; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: debris flow; hazard management; landslide; Sichuan earthquake 2008; slope failure; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: undefined, (2008); 
undefined, (2009); 
undefined, (2008); 
Huang, Runqiu, Development and distribution of geohazards triggered by the 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake in China, Science in China, Series E: Technological Sciences, 52, 4, pp. 810-819, (2009); 
undefined, (2010); 
undefined, (2008); 
undefined, (2008); 
Tang, Chuan, Rainfall-triggered debris flows following the Wenchuan earthquake, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 68, 2, pp. 187-194, (2009); 
undefined, (2011); 
undefined, (2012)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Ding, H.-R., Li, Y., Yan, L., Yan, Z., Zhao, G.-H., Ma, C.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Ding, Hairong (41761303700); Li, Yong (57246524500); Yan, Liang (55330368900); Yan, Zhaokun (36505404500); Zhao, Guohua (55884056400); Ma, Chao (58811087300)
41761303700; 57246524500; 55330368900; 36505404500; 55884056400; 58811087300
Influences of disaster chain driven by Wenchuan earthquake on sediment discharge in upper reaches of Minjiang river, Sichuan, China
(2013) Journal of Chengdu University of Technology (Science and Technology Edition), 40 (6), pp. 712 - 720, Cited 4 times.
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-9727.2013.06.11
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84892188007&doi=10.3969%2Fj.issn.1671-9727.2013.06.11&partnerID=40&md5=8789bbcae3ab78a71c50592998e0d55b

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; College of Water Resources and Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Ms. 8. 0 earthquake hit Wenchuan of Longmen Mountain zone in China on May 12, 2008. It caused strong vibration and destruction for the ground surface. With the action of the post-seismic heavy rain, flash floods and debris flows happened frequently. This shows the post-seismic disaster chain; earthquake-collapse, landslide, debris flows-dammed lake-outburst flood. Based on the sediment discharge data of the Zipingpu hydrological station from 1980 to 2007 and the rainfall data of 21 rain-gauge stations in the upper reaches of the Minjiang river, this paper explores the relationship between the rainfall and the sediment discharge in the zone and analyses the change trend. Furthermore, it researches the effect of the frequent heavy rain on the sediment discharge in the 4 years after the Wenchuan Earthquake and analyses the controlling factors. The results show that the heavy rainfall is the inducing factor which leads to increase of the sediment discharge after the earthquake, the slope controls the change of the sediment discharge, the coseismic effect and the controlling effect of the earthquake fault zone are the important factors to induce the increment of sediment discharge, and the decreasing vegetation coverage and aggravating soil erosion after the • earthquake are the important prerequisites to lead to the increment of the sediment discharge.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Minjiang river; Rainstorm; Sediment discharge; Upper reaches; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: debris flow; earthquake damage; earthquake magnitude; earthquake mechanism; landslide; outburst; rainfall; river discharge; sediment transport; Sichuan earthquake 2008; strong motion; structural control; China; Min River [Sichuan]; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Journal of Catastrophology, (2010); 
Xu, Mengzhen, Mountain disaster chain induced by the Wenchuan earthquake in the Huoshiguo Gorge, Qinghua Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Tsinghua University, 50, 9, pp. 1338-1341, (2010); 
Journal of Southwest University for Nationalities, (2008); 
Technology of Soil and Water Conservation, (2010); 
Lin, Ching-Wee Weei, Impact of Chi-Chi earthquake on the occurrence of landslides and debris flows: Example from the Chenyulan River watershed, Nantou, Taiwan, Engineering Geology, 71, 1-2, pp. 49-61, (2004); 
Lin, Ching-Wee Weei, Impacts of the Chi-Chi earthquake on subsequent rainfall-induced landslides in central Taiwan, Engineering Geology, 86, 2-3, pp. 87-101, (2006); 
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences, (2008); 
Huang, Runqiu, Research on development and distribution rules of geohazards induced by Wenchuan earthquake on 12th May, 2008, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 27, 12, pp. 2585-2592, (2008); 
Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control, (2011); 
Journal of Catastrophology, (2011)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Li, Y., Yan, Z., Zhou, R., Svirchev, L., Li, H., Su, D.-C., Yan, L., Densmore, A.L., Ding, H.-R., Chen, H., Qiao, B.C., Ma, B.L., Yun, K., Ma, C., Zhao, G.-H.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Li, Yong (57246524500); Yan, Zhaokun (36505404500); Zhou, Rongjun (8631822800); Svirchev, Laurence (55397545900); Li, Haibing (35243031900); Su, Decheng Chen (8600537300); Yan, Liang (55330368900); Densmore, Alexander L. (57928372500); Ding, Hairong (41761303700); Chen, Hao (55743172500); Qiao, Baocheng (24528753700); Ma, Bolin (36796578700); Yun, Kun (55884790700); Ma, Chao (58811087300); Zhao, Guohua (55884056400)
57246524500; 36505404500; 8631822800; 55397545900; 35243031900; 8600537300; 55330368900; 57928372500; 41761303700; 55743172500; 24528753700; 36796578700; 55884790700; 58811087300; 55884056400
Surface process and fluvial landform response to the ms 8.0 wenchuan earthquake, Longmen Shan, China
(2013) Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami, 7 (5), art. no. 1350033, Cited 3 times.
DOI: 10.1142/S1793431113500334
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84891716205&doi=10.1142%2FS1793431113500334&partnerID=40&md5=8b1fe2d7a2ab200974ea59afafaed458

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Institute of Engineering Seismology, Earthquake Administration of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Geography, Durham University, Durham, County Durham, United Kingdom
ABSTRACT: The MS 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake of May 12, 2008, in the Longmen Shan mountain range area in China, led to two roughly parallel NE-trending thrust and strike-slip surface ruptures of the Beichuan, Pengguan, and the Xiaoyudong faults. Coseismic deformation changed the topographical gradient and produced massive landslides and debris flows, causing a corresponding response of the fluvial landforms. In this paper, based on data regarding the surface ruptures and changes to the topography and drainage resulting from the earthquake, the influence of the thrusting and strike-slipping on fluvial landforms and drainage are integrated and analyzed. The results are shown for the following five main aspects: (1) the strike-slipping driven by the earthquake caused the formation of new tectonic diversion points of river channels; (2) the thrusting driven by the earthquake caused the formation of new tectonic slope-break points in the river channel; (3) the strikes of the faults activated by the earthquake controlled the river channel direction; (4) the uplifting driven by the earthquake led to changes of riverbed gradient profiles and their base levels; and (5) exceptionally heavy rainfall after the earthquake initiated landslides, debris flows and floods, and will continue to be a hazard for several decades to come. © 2013 World Scientific Publishing Company.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: debris flow; diversion point; Eastern margin of Tibetan plateau; fluvial landform response; landslide; Longmen Shan; riverbed profile; slope-break point; surface rupture; Wenchuan earthquake
REFERENCES: Avouac, Jean Philippe, Kinematic model of active deformation in central Asia, Geophysical Research Letters, 20, 10, pp. 895-898, (1993); 
Tectonic Geomorphology, (2001); 
Burchfiel, B. Clark, Tectonics of the Longmen Shan and Adjacent Regions, Central China, International Geology Review, 37, 8, pp. 661-735, (1995); 
Burchfiel, B. Clark, A geological and geophysical context for the Wenchuan earthquake of 12 May 2008, Sichuan, People's Republic of China, GSA Today, 18, 7, pp. 4-11, (2008); 
Chen, Shefa, Emplacement of the Longmen Shan Thrust-Nappe Belt along the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, Journal of Structural Geology, 18, 4, pp. 413-430, (1996); 
Report on the Great Wenchuan Earthquake Source of May 12 2008, (2008); 
Clark, Marin Kristen, Dynamic topography produced by lower crustal flow against rheological strength heterogeneities bordering the Tibetan Plateau, Geophysical Journal International, 162, 2, pp. 575-590, (2005); 
Cui, Peng, The 12 May Wenchuan earthquake-induced landslide lakes: Distribution and preliminary risk evaluation, Landslides, 6, 3, pp. 209-223, (2009); 
Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011); 
J Asian Earth Sci
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Xu, C., Xiwei, X.-W., Zhou, B., Yu, G.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Xu, Chong (35184309900); Xiwei, Xu (8246843900); Zhou, Benjang Gang (8289961000); Yu, Guihua (7403528699)
35184309900; 8246843900; 8289961000; 7403528699
Revisions of the M 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake seismic intensity map based on co-seismic landslide abundance
(2013) Natural Hazards, 69 (3), pp. 1459 - 1476, Cited 53 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11069-013-0757-0
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84888636379&doi=10.1007%2Fs11069-013-0757-0&partnerID=40&md5=3c6e8db610ba5715abe73b06676de0be

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Active Tectonics and Volcano, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Hundreds of thousands of landslides were triggered by the May 12, 2008, Mw 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake in China. A detailed inventory of landslides triggered by the earthquake was prepared based on geographic information systems and remote sensing technology. Visual interpretation of high-resolution satellite images and aerial photos taken pre- and post-earthquake and selected field investigation showed that at least 197,481 co-seismic landslides related to the earthquake were triggered throughout an area of approximately 110,000 km2. These co-seismic landslides are delineated as individual solid polygons. The landslides cover a total area of approximately 1,160 km2. Most of the landslides are distributed in an approximate ellipse area with a total area of approximately 44,031 km2. In this paper, quantitative co-seismic landslide criteria for seismic intensity zonation were constructed based on the original "M 8.0 Wenchuan Earthquake Seismic Intensity Map" (MWESIM) and co-seismic landslide abundance analyses. These quantitative criteria, which correspond to landslide area percentages (LAP), indicate the percentage of the area affected by landslides in certain calculation windows and are listed as follows: Areas of LAP ≥70 % correspond to the XII intensity district; areas of 20 % ≤ LAP < 70 % correspond to the XI intensity district; areas of 1 % ≤ LAP < 5 % correspond to the IX intensity district; and areas of LAP <1 % correspond to the VIII and less-than-VIII intensity districts. The VII and greater-than-VII intensity districts of the original MWESIM, which constituted an area of approximately 123,832 km2, were corrected based on the above quantitative criteria. The degrees of fit of the original and revised MWESIMs with the co-seismic landslides were 93.8 and 95.8 %, respectively, indicating a 2.0 % improvement. The quantitative criteria of the constructed earthquake-triggered landslides for seismic intensity zonation can provide a scientific reference, standard, and basis for seismic intensity zonation in other earthquake events, especially those occurring in mountainous areas. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: GIS; Revision; Spatial distribution; The M 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake seismic intensity map; Wenchuan earthquake-triggered landslides
INDEX KEYWORDS: coseismic process; data interpretation; earthquake intensity; earthquake magnitude; earthquake trigger; GIS; landslide; remote sensing; satellite imagery; seismicity; Sichuan earthquake 2008; spatial distribution
REFERENCES: Chaytor, Jason D., Size distribution of submarine landslides along the U.S. Atlantic margin, Marine Geology, 264, 1-2, pp. 16-27, (2009); 
Chigira, Masahiro, Landslides induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China, Geomorphology, 118, 3-4, pp. 225-238, (2010); 
Seismic Intensity Map of the M8, (2008); 
Cruden, David M., Landslide types and processes, Special Report - National Research Council, Transportation Research Board, 247, pp. 36-75, (1996); 
Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011); 
National Standard of the People S Republic of China, (2008); 
Görüm, Tolga, Distribution pattern of earthquake-induced landslides triggered by the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Geomorphology, 133, 3-4, pp. 152-167, (2011); 
Görüm, Tolga, Complex rupture mechanism and topography control symmetry of mass-wasting pattern, 2010 Haiti earthquake, Geomorphology, 184, pp. 127-138, (2013); 
Guzzetti, Fausto, Landslide volumes and landslide mobilization rates in Umbria, central Italy, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 279, 3-4, pp. 222-229, (2009); 
Guzzetti, Fausto, Landslide inventory maps: New tools for an old problem, Earth-Science Reviews, 112, 1-2, pp. 42-66, (2012)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Ma, C., Hu, K., Zou, Q., Tian, M.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Ma, Chao (55580268600); Hu, Kaiheng (55648903800); Zou, Qiang (57203216238); Tian, Mi (57206275854)
55580268600; 55648903800; 57203216238; 57206275854
Characteristics of clustering debris flows in Wenchuan earthquake zone
(2013) Journal of Mountain Science, 10 (6), pp. 953 - 961, Cited 19 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11629-013-2410-5
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84888236023&doi=10.1007%2Fs11629-013-2410-5&partnerID=40&md5=8ae02a1b7a373378acb8567e16e7d8ec

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Clustering debris-flow events, namely many debris flows simultaneously triggered by a regional rainstorm in a large-scale mountainous area, occurred in four regions of Wenchuan earthquake stricken areas in 2008 and 2010. The characteristics of the clustering debris flows are examined with regard to triggering rainfall, formation process, and relationship with the earthquake by field survey and remote sensing interpretation. It is found that the clustering events occurred nearly at the same time with the local peak rainstorms, and the rainfall intensity-duration bottom limit line for clustering debris flows is higher than the worldwide line. It means that more rainfall is needed for the occurrence of the clustering debris flows. Four kinds of major formation processes for these debris flows are summarized: tributary-dominated, mainstream-dominated, transformation from slope failures, and mobilization or liquefaction of landslide. The four regions has a spatial correlation with the strong-quake-influenced zone with the peak ground acceleration = 0.2 g and the seismic intensity > X. © 2013 Science Press, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, CAS and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Clustering debris flows; Formation process; Rainfall threshold; Wenchuan earthquake
REFERENCES: Caine, Nel, The rainfall intensity-duration control of shallow landslides and debris flows., Geografiska Annaler, Series A: Physical Geography, 62, 1-2, pp. 23-27, (1980); 
California Geology, (1985); 
Chen, Chienyuan, Analysis of time-varying rainfall infiltration induced landslide, Environmental Geology, 48, 4-5, pp. 466-479, (2005); 
Chen, Suchin Chien, Non-structural mitigation programs for sediment-related disasters after the Chichi Earthquake in Taiwan, Journal of Mountain Science, 7, 3, pp. 291-300, (2010); 
Chen, Ningsheng, Impact of earthquake on debris flows - A case study on the wenchuan earthquake, Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami, 5, 5, pp. 493-508, (2011); 
Egashira, Shinji, Experimental study on the entrainment of bed material into debris flow, Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part C: Solar, Terrestrial and Planetary Science, 26, 9, pp. 645-650, (2001); 
Gabet, Emmanuel J., The mobilization of debris flows from shallow landslides, Geomorphology, 74, 1-4, pp. 207-218, (2006); 
J Nepal Geol Soc, (2000); 
Debris Flow Hazards and Related Phenomena, (2005); 
Godt, Jonathan W., Alpine debris flows triggered by a 28 July 1999 thunderstorm in the central Front Range, Colorado, Geomorphology, 84, 1-2, pp. 80-97, (2007)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Liu, H.-X., Xu, Q., Li, Y., Fan, X.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Liu, Hangxiang (54389411400); Xu, Qiang (56506033600); Li, Yanrong (55387899600); Fan, Xuanmei (12752112800)
54389411400; 56506033600; 55387899600; 12752112800
Response of high-strength rock slope to seismic waves in a shaking table test
(2013) Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 103 (6), pp. 3012 - 3025, Cited 75 times.
DOI: 10.1785/0120130055
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84888109846&doi=10.1785%2F0120130055&partnerID=40&md5=3ee121ac2908d0e82085a2cd6dfe13c5

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; AGECON Ltd, Hong Kong; Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation – ITC, Enschede, Overijssel, Netherlands
ABSTRACT: Studies on landslides by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake showed that the topography is of great importance in amplifying the seismic shaking. The present study carried out experiments on rock slopes by means of a shaking table. The recorded Wenchuan earthquake waves are scaled to excite the model slopes. Measurements from accelerometers installed on free surface of the model slope simulating high-strength rocks are analyzed, with much effort on acceleration responses to both horizontal and vertical components of seismic shaking. It is found that the amplification factor of peak horizontal acceleration (PHA) is increasing with elevation of the model slope, though the upper and lower halves of the slope exhibit different increasing patterns. The amplification factor of peak vertical acceleration (PVA) exhibits a lying S-shaped changing trend with the elevation, indicating attenuations of PVAs at the toe and top of a slope. In addition, the XZ-direction shaking produces a horizontal and vertical response stronger than X-direction and Z-direction shaking alone. Both PHA and PVA increase with the excitation intensity.However, the corresponding amplification factors generally decrease, indicating the acceleration response of a slope weakens with the excitation intensity of shaking. Finally the statistic of ratio of PVA to PHA indicates that 85% of the slope height, especially the upper middle part, is likely subject to PVAs greater than or equal to 2=3 of PHA and 32% of the slope height to PVAs greater than or equal to PHA. This indicates the nonignorable role of PVA in responses of a slope to an earthquake and necessity of considering during design work. © 2013 by the Seismological Society of America.
INDEX KEYWORDS: 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Acceleration response; Amplification factors; Excitation intensity; Horizontal acceleration; Shaking table tests; Vertical accelerations; Wenchuan earthquake waves; Amplification; Seismic waves; Earthquakes; dynamic analysis; dynamic response; experimental study; rock mechanics; seismic design; seismic response; shaking table test; Sichuan earthquake 2008; slope stability; structural analysis; structural response
REFERENCES: Aki K, Surface motion of a layered medium having an irregular interface due to incident plane SH waves, Journal of Geophysical Research, 75, 5, pp. 933-954, (1970); 
Aoi, Shin, Trampoline effect in extreme ground motion, Science, 322, 5902, pp. 727-730, (2008); 
Beresnev, Igor A., Seismological evidence for nonlinear elastic ground behavior during large earthquakes, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 14, 2, pp. 103-114, (1995); 
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, (1972); 
Borcherdt Rd, EFFECTS OF LOCAL GEOLOGY ON GROUND MOTION NEAR SAN FRANCISCO RBAY, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 60, 1, pp. 29-61, (1970); 
Bull Seismol Soc Am, (1973); 
Bouchon, Michel, Effect of three-dimensional topography on seismic motion, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 101, 3, pp. 5835-5846, (1996); 
Bozzano, Francesca, Earthquake triggering of landslides in highly jointed rock masses: Reconstruction of the 1783 Scilla rock avalanche (Italy), Geomorphology, 129, 3-4, pp. 294-308, (2011); 
Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, (1998); 
Curtis, W. D., Dimensional analysis and the pi theorem, Linear Algebra and Its Applications, 47, C, pp. 117-126, (1982)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zhang, Y., Chen, G., Zheng, L., Li, Y., Wu, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhang, Yingbin Bin (57214256630); Chen, Guangqi (55577206900); Zheng, Lu (55273034500); Li, Yange (55339639500); Wu, Jian (56358748000)
57214256630; 55577206900; 55273034500; 55339639500; 56358748000
Effects of near-fault seismic loadings on run-out of large-scale landslide: A case study
(2013) Engineering Geology, 166, pp. 216 - 236, Cited 186 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2013.08.002
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84887118111&doi=10.1016%2Fj.enggeo.2013.08.002&partnerID=40&md5=1c2122b8701ee7e6876cc235afb2a96b

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Civil and Structure Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Japan
ABSTRACT: This study presents the run-out analysis of the Daguangbao landslides subjected to near-fault multi-direction earthquake forces using discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA). The Daguangbao landslide is the largest landslide induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. In order to investigate the effects of near-fault seismic force on landslide run-out, kinematic behavior of sliding mass is simulated by a dynamic discrete numerical analysis method called DDA. In this simulation, based on the shape of failure surface and the feature of slope geology, the whole slope is divided into three parts: base block, upper sliding mass, and lower sliding mass. Then two sliding masses are divided into the smaller discrete deformable blocks based on pre-existing discontinuities. Size effect of the huge landslide is also considered. Baseline corrected real horizontal and vertical ground motions are taken as volume force acting to the base block. The results show that seismic force has a significant influence on the landslide progression, sliding distance, and shape of post-failure. Results of the horizontal-and-vertical situation are in good agreement with those obtained from post-earthquake field investigation, remote sensing image and description from the survivors. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Daguangbao landslide; Earthquake-induced landslide; Run-out analysis; Seismic force; Size effect
INDEX KEYWORDS: Daguangbao landslides; Earthquake-induced landslides; Run outs; Seismic forces; Size effects; Deformation; Faulting; Image reconstruction; Landslides; Earthquakes; deformation; discontinuity; ground motion; landslide; remote sensing; seismicity; Sichuan earthquake 2008; size effect
REFERENCES: Bakun-Mazor, Dagan, Dynamic sliding of tetrahedral wedge: The role of interface friction, International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, 36, 3, pp. 327-343, (2012); 
Boore, David M., Effect of baseline corrections on displacements and response spectra for several recordings of the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, earthquake, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 91, 5, pp. 1199-1211, (2001); 
Chang, Kuo Jen, Analysis of landsliding by earthquake shaking using a block-on-slope thermo-mechanical model: Example of Jiufengershan landslide, central Taiwan, Engineering Geology, 80, 1-2, pp. 151-163, (2005); 
Chen, H., Numerical simulation of debris flows, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 37, 1, pp. 146-160, (2000); 
Chen, H. Joanna, Erosional effects on runout of fast landslides, debris flows and avalanches: A numerical investigation, Geotechnique, 56, 5, pp. 305-322, (2006); 
Intech, (2011); 
undefined; 
Crosta, Giovanni Battista, Numerical modelling of large landslides stability and runout, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 3, 6, pp. 523-538, (2003); 
Geophys Res Abstr, (2003); 
Crosta, Giovanni Battista, Replay of the 1987 Val Pola Landslide, Italian Alps, Geomorphology, 60, 1-2, pp. 127-146, (2004)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zeng, Y.X., Fan, X.-Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zeng, Yaoxun (55484754500); Fan, Xiaoyi (36668557800)
55484754500; 36668557800
Evaluation of seismic landslide runout distance based on the fuzzy mathematics and range analysis
(2013) Applied Mechanics and Materials, 405-408, pp. 2341 - 2345, Cited 3 times.
DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.405-408.2341
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84886796789&doi=10.4028%2Fwww.scientific.net%2FAMM.405-408.2341&partnerID=40&md5=218d53bf726893afec1c8da7951f3a9a

AFFILIATIONS: School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, China; State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: The runout distance is one of the most important factors of landslide hazard. It not only controls the hazard area but also influences on the landslide hazard assessment. Based on the data of landslides induced by the Wenchuan earthquake, the six slope structures, including rock and soil mass, slope type, gradient (α), slope height (h), Azimuth difference between slope-aspect and strata trend(θ<inf>1</inf>), difference between slope gradient and obliquity of rock layer (θ<inf>2</inf>), and seismic intensity were selected to evaluate the landslide runout distances. The evaluation model of landslide runout distance was proposed by the combination of fuzzy mathematics and range analysis. The results indicated that it was different that the slope structures influenced on the runout distance in the different volume scale. According to the evaluation model, the typical landslide runout distances were studied, and the evaluation results accord with the actual runout distances. © (2013) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Fuzzy mathematics; Range analysis; Runout distance; Seismic landslide
INDEX KEYWORDS: Evaluation modeling; Evaluation results; Fuzzy mathematics; Landslide hazard assessment; Range analysis; Runout distances; Seismic landslides; Wenchuan Earthquake; Civil engineering; Fluid mechanics; Hazards; Mathematical techniques; Seismology; Shore protection; Landslides
REFERENCES: Journal of Engineering Geology, (2009); 
Legros, François, The mobility of long-runout landslides, Engineering Geology, 63, 3-4, pp. 301-331, (2002); 
Ercanoǧlu, Murat, Use of fuzzy relations to produce landslide susceptibility map of a landslide prone area (West Black Sea Region, Turkey), Engineering Geology, 75, 3-4, pp. 229-250, (2004); 
Vengadesan, Krishnan, An application of experimental design using mutually orthogonal Latin squares in conformational studies of peptides, Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 316, 3, pp. 731-737, (2004); 
Fan, Xiaoyi, Influence of landslide and ground factors on large-scale landslide movement, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 29, 11, pp. 2337-2347, (2010); 
Large Scale Landslides Induced by the Wenchuan Earthquake, (2009)
CONFERENCE NAME: 2nd International Conference on Civil, Architectural and Hydraulic Engineering, ICCAHE 2013
CONFERENCE DATE: 2013-07-27 through 2013-07-28
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zhou, W., Tang, C.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhou, Wei (55443778400); Tang, Chuan (35932953300)
55443778400; 35932953300
Rainfall thresholds for debris flows occurrence in the Wenchuan earthquake area
(2013) Shuikexue Jinzhan/Advances in Water Science, 24 (6), pp. 786 - 793, Cited 25 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84891947921&partnerID=40&md5=5751847963a29808c9061cc519e676cc

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: Values of rainfall parameters like the cumulative rainfall, the mean rainfall intensity and the rainfall duration, depend on the definition of a single continuous rainfall event. In this study, a revised method is presented for defining a single continuous rainfall event. Using rainfall data collected during the occurrence of debris flows in the Wenchuan earthquake area, single continuous rainfall events and derived values of rainfall parameters are determined with the Jan's method and a revised method proposed in this paper. Empirically-based rainfall thresholds for debris flows occurrence (based on the cumulative rainfall, the mean rainfall intensity and the rainfall duration) are assessed following the two methods for defining single rainfall events. The threshold values obtained using the two methods are validated with debris flows events, which occurred in the Qingping town of Mianzhu city in the Sichuan province. Results show that the cumulative rainfall threshold values slightly differ for the two methods. The mean rainfall intensity threshold obtained by the revised method is generally smaller than that of the Jan's method. This is due to the fact that the revised method is able to improve the shortcoming of the Jan's method often resulting in a shorter duration of a rainfall event. The revised method proved to be both rational and feasible. The results show that the rainfall thresholds obtained by the revised method can be used to predict the debris flows in the Wenchuan earthquake area.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flow; Definition of rainfall event; Rainfall threshold; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Cumulative rainfall; Debris flows; Rainfall duration; Rainfall event; Rainfall intensity; Rainfall thresholds; Sichuan province; Wenchuan Earthquake; Debris; Earthquakes; Rain
REFERENCES: Tang, Chuan, Catastrophic debris flows on 13 August 2010 in the Qingping area, southwestern China: The combined effects of a strong earthquake and subsequent rainstorms, Geomorphology, 139-140, pp. 559-576, (2012); 
Bulletin of Water and Soil Conservation, (1989); 
Observation and Research of Jiangjia Ravine in Yunnan, (1990); 
J Mt Sci, (2007); 
Arid Land Geography, (2014); 
Pan, Huali, Study of rainfall threshold of debris flow forewarning in data lack areas, Yantu Lixue/Rock and Soil Mechanics, 33, 7, pp. 2122-2126, (2012); 
Zhou, Wei, Critical rainfall characteristics for rainfall-induced debris flows in Wenchuan earthquake affected areas, Shuikexue Jinzhan/Advances in Water Science, 23, 5, pp. 650-655, (2012); 
Journal of Chinese Soil and Water Conservation, (1995); 
Baum, Rex L., Early warning of rainfall-induced shallow landslides and debris flows in the USA, Landslides, 7, 3, pp. 259-272, (2010); 
Proc 2004 Int Conf on Slopeland Disaster Mitigation, (2004)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Bai, S.B., Xu, Q., Wang, J., Zhou, P.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Bai, Shibiao (15830966700); Xu, Qiang (56506033600); Wang, Jian (55491249300); Zhou, Pinggen (25931277700)
15830966700; 56506033600; 55491249300; 25931277700
Pre-conditioning factors and susceptibility assessments of Wenchuan earthquake landslide at the Zhouqu segment of Bailongjiang basin, China
(2013) Journal of the Geological Society of India, 82 (5), pp. 575 - 582, Cited 13 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s12594-013-0190-8
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84890376624&doi=10.1007%2Fs12594-013-0190-8&partnerID=40&md5=e1c1ca356ec9e40f4cfc851959a009f1

AFFILIATIONS: College of Geographical Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; China Institute of Geo-Environment Monitoring, Beijing, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: In this study, we present a landslide susceptibility assessment carried out after the devastating 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. For the Zhouqu segment in the Bailongjiang basin in north-western China landslide susceptibility was computed by a logistic regression method. This region has been experiencing landslides for a long time, and numerous additional slope failures were triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. The data used for this study consists of slope failures attributed to the 2008 earthquake, the 878 post Wenchuan earthquake landslides and collapses inventory build up by combination the field investigation, monoscopic manual interpretation, image classification and texture analysis using SPOT 5 and ALOS remote-sensing image data. All data derived from remote sensing images are validated during field investigations. The landslide pre-disposing factor database was constructed. A digital elevation model (DEM) with a 30 × 30 m resolution, orthophotos, geological and land-use maps and information on peak ground acceleration data from the 2008 earthquake is used. The statistical analysis of the relation between Wencuan earthquake-triggered landslides and pre-disposing factors show the great influence of lithological and topographical conditions for earthquake-triggered slope failures. The quality of susceptibility mapping was validated by splitting the study area into a training and validation set. The prediction capability analysis showed that the landslide susceptibility map could be used for land planning as well as emergency planning by local authorities in this region. © 2013 Geological Society of India.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: China; Landslide susceptibility; Wenchuan earthquake; Zhouqu segment
INDEX KEYWORDS: ALOS; collapse; digital elevation model; earthquake trigger; geological mapping; landslide; lithology; orthophoto; remote sensing; Sichuan earthquake 2008; slope failure; SPOT; topography; China; Gansu; Zhouqu
REFERENCES: Aleotti, Pietro, Landslide hazard assessment: Summary review and new perspectives, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 58, 1, pp. 21-44, (1999); 
Atkinson, Peter M., Generalised linear modelling of susceptibility to landsliding in the central Apennines, Italy, Computers and Geosciences, 24, 4, pp. 373-385, (1998); 
Ayalew, Lulseged, Landslides in Sado Island of Japan: Part II. GIS-based susceptibility mapping with comparisons of results from two methods and verifications, Engineering Geology, 81, 4, pp. 432-445, (2005); 
Proceedings of the International Conference Mountain Risks, (2010); 
Bai, Shibiao, GIS-based logistic regression for landslide susceptibility mapping of the Zhongxian segment in the Three Gorges area, China, Geomorphology, 115, 1-2, pp. 23-31, (2010); 
Bai, Shibiao, GIS-based rare events logistic regression for landslide-susceptibility mapping of Lianyungang, China, Environmental Earth Sciences, 62, 1, pp. 139-149, (2011); 
Beguería, Santiago, Validation and evaluation of predictive models in hazard assessment and risk management, Natural Hazards, 37, 3, pp. 315-329, (2006); 
Çan, Tolga, Susceptibility assessments of shallow earthflows triggered by heavy rainfall at three catchments by logistic regression analyses, Geomorphology, 72, 1-4, pp. 250-271, (2005); 
Engineering Geological Problems Study of Gansu Section of Lanzhou Haikou Highway, (2006); 
Cui, Peng, The 12 May Wenchuan earthquake-induced landslide lakes: Distribution and preliminary risk evaluation, Landslides, 6, 3, pp. 209-223, (2009)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wang, J., Sun, G., Shi, F., Xu, J., Wu, Y., Wu, N.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wang, Jinniu (55238022400); Sun, Geng (35327986200); Shi, Fusun (15124549800); Xu, Jiceng (55823365700); Wu, Yan (56165395200); Wu, Ning (36956501500)
55238022400; 35327986200; 15124549800; 55823365700; 56165395200; 36956501500
Runoff and soil loss of a typical subtropical forest stricken by Wenchuan earthquake
(2013) Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology, 19 (5), pp. 766 - 773, Cited 2 times.
DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1145.2013.00766
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84890355602&doi=10.3724%2FSP.J.1145.2013.00766&partnerID=40&md5=13e11ea1370dbe6fb8e3db47ff15e808

AFFILIATIONS: Chengdu Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal
ABSTRACT: After the catastrophic Wenchuan earthquake in 2008, mountainous ecosystems in the Longmen Mountains were seriously destructed. This study aimed to investigate the relationships among rainfall, slope gradients, vegetation coverage, and runoff as well as soil loss, through comparing forests and earthquake-induced landslides. Micro-catchments were established on north-facing slopes with PVC material plots (50 cm × 50 cm) from August to September 2010. The grading comparison method was adopted to compare soil erosion of different intensities. The result demonstrated significant difference between the amount of accumulated runoff of landslide sites and forests sites. There was less runoff and soil loss at forests sites than landslide sites due to complicated community structures and rainfall interception of forests. There was more serious soil erosion at landslides sites with runoff increase per unit. Classification and gradation of soil erosion intensity indicated that the proportion of total soil loss exceeding S (severe) grade was the highest at landslides sites, while more than 80% soil erosion belonged to VL (very low) at forests sites. Even at VL grade, landslide sites produced 202.35 ton per km 2, nearly 400 times more than that at forest sites of 0.52 ton per km2. There was more than 4.72 × 106t soil loss produced from earthquake-induced landslides even two years later. It is now still a great challenge for ecological restoration and rehabilitation of earthquake damaged areas due to the spatial and temporal difference of heavy rainfall, which always leads to serious landslides on a large scale.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Landslides; Runoff; Slope gradients; Soil erosion; Vegetation coverage; Wenchuan earthquake
REFERENCES: Xu, Xinliang, Assessment about the impact of Wenchuan Earthquake on ecological environment, Shengtai Xuebao, 28, 12, pp. 5899-5908, (2008); 
undefined, (2008); 
Xu, Weihua, Conservation of giant panda habitat in South Minshan, China, after the May 2008 earthquake, Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 7, 7, pp. 353-358, (2009); 
Xu, Weihua, Assessment of ecological protection importance for ecological conservation in Wenchuan Earthquake hard-hit disaster areas, Shengtai Xuebao, 28, 12, pp. 5820-5825, (2008); 
Ouyang, Zhiyun, Impact assessment of Wenchuan Earthquake on ecosystems, Shengtai Xuebao, 28, 12, pp. 5801-5809, (2008); 
Wu, Cong, Effect of wenchuan earthquake on soil physical and chemical properties of the Longmen Mountain, Southwestern China, Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology, 18, 6, pp. 911-916, (2012); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2010); 
Chen, Huai, Aftermath of the wenchuan earthquake, Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 7, 2, (2009); 
Myers, Norman, Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities, Nature, 403, 6772, pp. 853-858, (2000); 
Korup, Oliver, Sediment generation and delivery from large historic landslides in the Southern Alps, New Zealand, Geomorphology, 61, 1-2, pp. 189-207, (2004)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zhou, Z., Cui, P., Yang, X.-G.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhou, Jia-wen (14064231100); Cui, Peng (56706923500); Yang, Xingguo (35742406600)
14064231100; 56706923500; 35742406600
Dynamic process analysis for the initiation and movement of the Donghekou landslide-debris flow triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake
(2013) Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 76, pp. 70 - 84, Cited 135 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2013.08.007
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84883399419&doi=10.1016%2Fj.jseaes.2013.08.007&partnerID=40&md5=9fe8c427b4794b41f3feda14869215eb

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: The Donghekou landslide-debris flow was a remarkable geological disaster triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake in 2008. The dynamic process of a rapid landslide-debris flow is very complicated and can be divided into two aspects: the slope dynamic response of the earthquake and the mass movement and accumulation process. A numerical method combined with a finite difference method (FDM) and discrete element method (DEM) for simulation of landslide-debris flow under seismic loading is presented. The FDM and DEM are coupled through the critical sliding surface, initiation time and velocity. The dynamic response of the slope is simulated by the finite difference method, and critical sliding surface is determined using the earthquake response spectrum method. The landslide initiation time and the velocity are determined by time-history analysis. The mass movement and accumulation process is simulated using the discrete element method. Simulation results demonstrate that the maximum amplification coefficient of dynamic acceleration for the Donghekou slope is approximately 3.909, the initiation time of landslide is approximately 6.0. s, and the average initial velocity of the sliding mass is approximately 0.85. m/s. The failure of the slope is the result of elevation-orientated amplification effect and the sliding mass triggered with a small initial velocity. The numerical simulated result of the maximum sliding velocity is approximately 66.35. m/s, and the mass is disintegrated rapidly because of collision and free fall. The landslide velocity decreases when the flowing mass reaches a lower slope angle and gradually comes to a stop, and the total travel distance is approximately 2400. m. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Dynamic process; Initiation time; Landslide-debris flow; Mass movement; Numerical simulation; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: debris flow; discrete element method; dynamic response; finite difference method; geodynamics; landslide; mass movement; numerical model; seismic response; Sichuan earthquake 2008; slope dynamics; slope failure; China; Donghekou; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Debris Flow Hazards Mitigation Mechanics Prediction and Assessment Proceedings 2nd International Dfhm Conference Taipei Taiwan August 16 18 2000, (2000); 
Bozzano, Francesca, Earthquake triggering of landslides in highly jointed rock masses: Reconstruction of the 1783 Scilla rock avalanche (Italy), Geomorphology, 129, 3-4, pp. 294-308, (2011); 
Convertito, Vincenzo, Prediction of response spectra via real-time earthquake measurements, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 28, 6, pp. 492-505, (2008); 
Dai, Fuchu, Rock avalanches triggered by oblique-thrusting during the 12 May 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Geomorphology, 132, 3-4, pp. 300-318, (2011); 
Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011); 
Davies, Timothy R.H., The role of rock fragmentation in the motion of large landslides, Engineering Geology, 109, 1-2, pp. 67-79, (2009); 
Denlinger, Roger P., Flow of variably fluidized granular masses across three-dimensional terrain 2. Numerical predictions and experimental tests, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 106, B1, pp. 553-566, (2001); 
Dykes, Alan P., Mass movements in peat: A formal classification scheme, Geomorphology, 86, 1-2, pp. 73-93, (2007); 
Eberhardt, Erick, Numerical analysis of initiation and progressive failure in natural rock slopes-the 1991 Randa rockslide, International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 41, 1, pp. 69-87, (2004); 
Fu, Bihong, Surface deformation related to the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, and mountain building of the Longmen Shan, eastern Tibetan Plateau, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 805-824, (2011)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Fan, Y., Chen, G., Kasama, K., Li, Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Fan, Yanan (55867277000); Chen, Guangqi (55577206900); Kasama, Kiyonobu (7005670209); Li, Yange (55339639500)
55867277000; 55577206900; 7005670209; 55339639500
Susceptibility Zonation of earthquake induced landslide-dams at the catchment of Tongkou river, China
(2013) Memoirs of the Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, 73 (2), pp. 57 - 70, Cited 2 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84884766120&partnerID=40&md5=9524e89befea332c9ff72f5b2816fad5

ABSTRACT: Significant hazards may occur due to large landslide-dams formed by earthquake induced landslides. Those landslide-dams present serious threats to both life and property from possible upstream flooding when the impounded lake water level rises, and possible dam failure and downstream flooding with rapid release of impounded water. In order to prevent those secondary disasters, we made an assumption that the landslide-dams are only formed when a large amount of landslide deposits directly rush into a river with moderate or high-velocities. Then a practical prediction method is presented to extract the dangerous slopes which are thought as the sources of earthquake induced landslide-dams. The prediction procedure consists of the following steps: (1) identification of all the slopes using spatial statistics; (2) the extraction of potential slopes according to our assumption using three spatial relation filters; (3) stability analysis to determine landslide prone slopes and volume estimation of potential landslide deposits using Limit Equilibrium Analysis. (4) susceptibility mapping by ranking the exact slopes. This method has been used to extract slopes those are potential to collapse and form landslide-dams in the catchment of Tongkou river after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, China. Results show that the proposed method is effective and efficient.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: GIS; Landslide-dam; Limit equilibrium analysis; Spatial filters; Stability analysis; Susceptibility analysis; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Landslide-dam; Limit equilibrium analysis; Spatial filters; Stability analysis; Susceptibility analysis; Wenchuan Earthquake; Catchments; Dams; Deposits; Disaster prevention; Disasters; Earthquakes; Floods; Geographic information systems; Landslides; Runoff; Water levels; Rivers; catchment; collapse; dam; flooding; geological mapping; landslide; prediction; Sichuan earthquake 2008; spatial analysis; water level; zonation; China; Sichuan; Tongkou Basin
REFERENCES: Special Conference Material, (2008); 
Foundation Engineering Equipment, (2005); 
Annual Report of the Research Institute for Hazards in Snowy Area, (2005); 
Jsece, (2009); 
Large Scale Landslides Induced by the Wenchuan Earthquake, (2009); 
Floods Geomorphology, (1998); 
Journal of the Japan Society of Erosion Control Engineering; 
Arc Hydro GIS for Water Resources, (2002); 
Journal of the Japan Society of Engineering Geology, (2005); 
Ministry of Economic Affairs, (2007)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Qiao, G., Lu, P., Scaioni, M., Xu, S., Tong, X., Feng, T., Wu, H., Chen, W., Tian, Y., Wang, W., Li, R.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Qiao, Gang (57204185597); Lu, Ping (41861974200); Scaioni, M. (8261815100); Xu, Shuying (55532944600); Tong, Xiaohua (55500134600); Feng, Tiantian (12782146100); Wu, Hangbin (15129097800); Chen, Wen (59740862100); Tian, Yixiang (55866018700); Wang, Weian (15841008300); Li, Rongxing (7404724327)
57204185597; 41861974200; 8261815100; 55532944600; 55500134600; 12782146100; 15129097800; 59740862100; 55866018700; 15841008300; 7404724327
Landslide investigation with remote sensing and sensor network: From susceptibility mapping and scaled-down simulation towards in situ sensor network design
(2013) Remote Sensing, 5 (9), pp. 4319 - 4346, Cited 56 times.
DOI: 10.3390/rs5094319
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84884681970&doi=10.3390%2Frs5094319&partnerID=40&md5=de86fa6064e74fb8b5fce75fa5c58cfe

AFFILIATIONS: Center for Spatial Information Science and Sustainable Development Applications, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; Mapping and GIS Laboratory, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
ABSTRACT: This paper presents an integrated approach to landslide research based on remote sensing and sensor networks. This approach is composed of three important parts: (i) landslide susceptibility mapping using remote-sensing techniques for susceptible determination of landslide spots; (ii) scaled-down landslide simulation experiments for validation of sensor network for landslide monitoring, and (iii) in situ sensor network deployment for intensified landslide monitoring. The study site is the Taziping landslide located in Hongkou Town (Sichuan, China). The landslide features generated by landslides triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake were first extracted by means of object-oriented methods from the remote-sensing images before and after the landslides events. On the basis of correlations derived between spatial distribution of landslides and control factors, the landslide susceptibility mapping was carried out using the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) technique. Then the Taziping landslide, located in the above mentioned study area, was taken as an example to design and implement a scaled-down landslide simulation platform in Tongji University (Shanghai, China). The landslide monitoring sensors were carefully investigated and deployed for rainfall induced landslide simulation experiments. Finally, outcomes from the simulation experiments were adopted and employed to design the future in situ sensor network in Taziping landslide site where the sensor deployment is being implemented. © 2013 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Landslide; Remote sensing; Sensor network; Susceptibility mapping
INDEX KEYWORDS: 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Design and implements; Landslide monitoring; Landslide susceptibility mapping; Object oriented method; Rainfall induced landslides; Remote sensing images; Susceptibility mapping; Design; Experiments; Mapping; Neural networks; Remote sensing; Sensor networks; Landslides
REFERENCES: Schuster, Robert L., Socioeconomic significance of landslides, Special Report - National Research Council, Transportation Research Board, 247, pp. 12-35, (1996); 
Sassa, Kyoji, Landslides: A review of achievements in the first 5 years (2004-2009), Landslides, 6, 4, pp. 275-286, (2009); 
Delacourt, Christophe, Remote-sensing techniques for analysing landslide kinematics: A review, BSGF - Earth Sciences Bulletin, 178, 2, pp. 89-100, (2007); 
Metternicht, Graciela I., Remote sensing of landslides: An analysis of the potential contribution to geo-spatial systems for hazard assessment in mountainous environments, Remote Sensing of Environment, 98, 2-3, pp. 284-303, (2005); 
Guzzetti, Fausto, Landslide inventory maps: New tools for an old problem, Earth-Science Reviews, 112, 1-2, pp. 42-66, (2012); 
Tung, Shihheng, Identification of the landslide using the satellite images and the digital image correlation method, Disaster Advances, 6, 4, pp. 4-9, (2013); 
Van Westen, Cees J., Spatial data for landslide susceptibility, hazard, and vulnerability assessment: An overview, Engineering Geology, 102, 3-4, pp. 112-131, (2008); 
Felícisimo, Á. M., Mapping landslide susceptibility with logistic regression, multiple adaptive regression splines, classification and regression trees, and maximum entropy methods: A comparative study, Landslides, 10, 2, pp. 175-189, (2013); 
Strozzi, Tazio, Interpretation of aerial photographs and satellite SAR interferometry for the inventory of landslides, Remote Sensing, 5, 5, pp. 2554-2570, (2013); 
Chauhan, Shivani, Landslide susceptibility zonation of the Chamoli region, Garhwal Himalayas, using logistic regression model, Landslides, 7, 4, pp. 411-423, (2010)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS; GREEN ACCEPTED OPEN ACCESS; GREEN OPEN ACCESS

Yin, Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Yin, Yueping (55687306100)
55687306100
Approaches to landslide risk assessment in China
(2013), pp. 115 - 131, Cited 3 times.
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-22087-6_8
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84929566636&doi=10.1007%2F978-3-642-22087-6_8&partnerID=40&md5=895f0d9a24bbd5252bfb93aa92c36a8a

AFFILIATIONS: China Geological Survey, Beijing, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: The lessons from some catastrophic landslides, especially landslides triggered by the Wenchuan Earthquake told us that the mechanism of such landslides is different from the usual and that risk assessment of these slides needs a new code.Within the IPL programs "Long run-out and Catastrophic Landslides study: Yigong Landslide, Tibet China" (IPL138), and "Seismic landslide hazards mapping in Sichuan" (IPL142) China Geology Survey, as the leader in China in landslides research, initiated several research projects on rapid and long runout landslides and earthquake-triggered landslides, to find a way to recognize this kind of landslide in China and develop technical guidelines. This paper analyzes the mechanism of a new failure pattern which is most likely triggered by gravity, karstification and the processes associated with mining activities, as well as some new approaches in landslide mapping, the study of landslide mechanisms and recovery guidelines for landslides triggered by earthquakes. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. All rights are reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: China; Landslide; Risk assessment
REFERENCES: Chai, Bo, Analysis of slope deformation under control of rock mass structure, Yantu Lixue/Rock and Soil Mechanics, 30, 2, pp. 521-525, (2009); 
Cruden, David M., Landslide types and processes, Special Report - National Research Council, Transportation Research Board, 247, pp. 36-75, (1996); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (1995); 
Dawson, Ethan M., Slope stability analysis by strength reduction, Geotechnique, 49, 6, pp. 835-840, (1999); 
Science in China, (1981); 
Shi, Genhua, Producing joint polygons, cutting joint blocks and finding key blocks for general free surfaces, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 25, 11, pp. 2161-2170, (2006); 
Griffiths, D. V., Slope stability analysis by finite elements, Geotechnique, 49, 3, pp. 387-403, (1999); 
Rock Slope Engineering, (1981); 
Hungr, Oldrich, The occurence and classification of massive rock slope failure, Felsbau, 22, 2, pp. 16-23, (2004); 
Landslides from Massive Rock Slope Failure, (2006)
PUBLISHER: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
DOCUMENT TYPE: Book chapter
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Chen, H.Y., Cui, P., Tang, J.B., Zhou, G.G.D.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Chen, Huayong (24385415200); Cui, Peng (56706923500); Tang, Jinbo (55714106300); Zhou, Gongdan Gong Dan (57013868400)
24385415200; 56706923500; 55714106300; 57013868400
The response of upstream flow and blockage patterns to the failure of landslide dam
(2013) Shuili Xuebao/Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 44 (10), pp. 1148 - 1157, Cited 5 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84888594869&partnerID=40&md5=57fbd90bd4ed18bdd6023b9b2e6f600a

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Enormous landslides were triggered by "5·12" Wenchuan Earthquake. A large amount of loose debris distributed randomly in a gully would form landslide dams when the flash flood occurred due to intense rainfall. The scale of a flash flood and blockage patterns of landslide dams have great effects on the failure of landslide dams. Experimental tests were conducted to record the process of landslide dam failure under the conditions of different discharges of flash flood, semi-blockage and full-blockage of landslide dam. Four models of landslide dam failure were defined, including: (1) erosive beach due to overtopping; (2) upstream scour and downstream erosion; (3) sided-erosion without climbing up; and (4) climbing up and sided-erosion. According to interaction of water flow and landslide dams, the reasons which led to failure of the dams were explained by shear failure and impact failure of water flow. The discharge of debris flow, duration of dam-breaking, and the development of dam breach in different patterns were analyzed. According to Meyer-Peter, Müller bedload formulas, sediment-transport per unit width in the upstream scour and downstream erosion pattern was calculated, and the results are in good agreement with the experimental ones. Study on the failure of a single landslide dam and cascade failure of dams is not deep enough due to the complex interaction between water flow and landslide dams. Much more research is required to better understand the mechanism of this interaction in the future.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Blockage patterns; Dam failure model; Hydraulic pressure; Landslide dam; Sediment-transport per unit width
INDEX KEYWORDS: Blockage patterns; Dam failure; Hydraulic pressure; Landslide dam; Per unit; Debris; Disasters; Erosion; Failure (mechanical); Floods; Flow of water; Hydraulics; Landslides; Dams
REFERENCES: undefined, (2010); 
undefined, (2001); 
Li, Minghsu, Inundation potentials analysis for Tsao-Ling landslide lake formed by Chi-Chi earthquake in Taiwan, Natural Hazards, 25, 3, pp. 289-303, (2002); 
Cui, Peng, The 12 May Wenchuan earthquake-induced landslide lakes: Distribution and preliminary risk evaluation, Landslides, 6, 3, pp. 209-223, (2009); 
Hromádka, Theodore V., A two-dimensional dam-break flood plain model, Advances in Water Resources, 8, 1, pp. 7-14, (1985); 
Rico, María Teresa, Floods from tailings dam failures, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 154, 1-3, pp. 79-87, (2008); 
Bukreev, V. I., Experimental verification of methods for calculating partial dam-break waves, Journal of Applied Mechanics and Technical Physics, 49, 5, pp. 754-761, (2008); 
undefined, (2008); 
undefined, (2009); 
undefined, (2012)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Bai, S.B., Cheng, C., Wang, J., Thiebes, B., Zhang, Z.-G.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Bai, Shibiao (15830966700); Cheng, Chen (55662217700); Wang, Jian (55491249300); Thiebes, Benni (55668276300); Zhang, Zhigang (59643629200)
15830966700; 55662217700; 55491249300; 55668276300; 59643629200
Regional scale rainfall- and earthquake-triggered landslide susceptibility assessment in Wudu County, China
(2013) Journal of Mountain Science, 10 (5), pp. 743 - 753, Cited 18 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11629-013-2432-z
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84884787469&doi=10.1007%2Fs11629-013-2432-z&partnerID=40&md5=cf4c76bf762a6e817d83e14b24dc7952

AFFILIATIONS: College of Geographical Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
ABSTRACT: Wudu County in northwestern China frequently experiences large-scale landslide events. High-magnitude earthquakes and heavy rainfall events are the major triggering factors in the region. The aim of this research is to compare and combine landslide susceptibility assessments of rainfall-triggered and earthquake-triggered landslide events in the study area using Geographical Information System (GIS) and a logistic regression model. Two separate susceptibility maps were produced using inventories reflecting single landslide-triggering events, i.e., earthquakes and heavy rain storms. Two groups of landslides were utilized: one group containing all landslides triggered by extreme rainfall events between 1995 and 2003 and the other group containing slope failures caused by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. Subsequently, the individual maps were combined to illustrate the locations of maximum landslide probability. The use of the resulting three landslide susceptibility maps for landslide forecasting, spatial planning and for developing emergency response actions are discussed. The combined susceptibility map illustrates the total landslide susceptibility in the study area. © 2013 Science Press, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, CAS and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: China; Earthquake; Landslides; Susceptibility assessment; Wudu County
REFERENCES: Akgun, Aykut, An easy-to-use MATLAB program (MamLand) for the assessment of landslide susceptibility using a Mamdani fuzzy algorithm, Computers and Geosciences, 38, 1, pp. 23-34, (2012); 
Aleotti, Pietro, Landslide hazard assessment: Summary review and new perspectives, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 58, 1, pp. 21-44, (1999); 
Althuwaynee, Omar F., Application of an evidential belief function model in landslide susceptibility mapping, Computers and Geosciences, 44, pp. 120-135, (2012); 
Atkinson, Peter M., Generalised linear modelling of susceptibility to landsliding in the central Apennines, Italy, Computers and Geosciences, 24, 4, pp. 373-385, (1998); 
Ayalew, Lulseged, Landslides in Sado Island of Japan: Part II. GIS-based susceptibility mapping with comparisons of results from two methods and verifications, Engineering Geology, 81, 4, pp. 432-445, (2005); 
Bai, Shibiao, Pre-conditioning factors for rainfall and earthquake-triggered landslides, pp. 501-505, (2012); 
Proceedings of the International Conference Mountain Risks, (2010); 
Bai, Shibiao, GIS-based logistic regression for landslide susceptibility mapping of the Zhongxian segment in the Three Gorges area, China, Geomorphology, 115, 1-2, pp. 23-31, (2010); 
Bai, Shibiao, Combined landslide susceptibility mapping after Wenchuan earthquake at the Zhouqu segment in the Bailongjiang Basin, China, Catena, 99, pp. 18-25, (2012); 
Beguería, Santiago, Validation and evaluation of predictive models in hazard assessment and risk management, Natural Hazards, 37, 3, pp. 315-329, (2006)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Li, W., Huang, R., Xu, Q., Tang, C.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Li, Weile (25936551300); Huang, Runqiu (55835407700); Xu, Qiang (56506033600); Tang, Chuan (35932953300)
25936551300; 55835407700; 56506033600; 35932953300
Rapid susceptibility mapping of co-seismic landslides triggered by the 2013 Lushan Earthquake using the regression model developed for the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake
(2013) Journal of Mountain Science, 10 (5), pp. 699 - 715, Cited 23 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11629-013-2786-2
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84884734674&doi=10.1007%2Fs11629-013-2786-2&partnerID=40&md5=00e86b9beea26355fdebad169aa0c5f9

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: The primary objective of landslide susceptibility mapping is the prediction of potential landslides in landslide-prone areas. The predictive power of a landslide susceptibility mapping model could be tested in an adjacent area of similar geoenvironmental conditions to find out the reliability. Both the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake and the 2013 Lushan Earthquake occurred in the Longmen Mountain seismic zone, with similar topographical and geological conditions. The two earthquakes are both featured by thrust fault and similar seismic mechanism. This paper adopted the susceptibility mapping model of co-seismic landslides triggered by Wenchuan earthquake to predict the spatial distribution of landslides induced by Lushan earthquake. Six influencing parameters were taken into consideration: distance from the seismic fault, slope gradient, lithology, distance from drainage, elevation and Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA). The preliminary results suggested that the zones with high susceptibility of coseismic landslides were mainly distributed in the mountainous areas of Lushan, Baoxing and Tianquan counties. The co-seismic landslide susceptibility map was completed in two days after the quake and sent to the field investigators to provide guidance for rescue and relief work. The predictive power of the susceptibility map was validated by ROC curve analysis method using 2037 co-seismic landslides in the epicenter area. The AUC value of 0.710 indicated that the susceptibility model derived from Wenchuan Earthquake landslides showed good accuracy in predicting the landslides triggered by Lushan earthquake. © 2013 Science Press, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, CAS and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Landslide; Logistical regression; Lushan earthquake; Susceptibility mapping
REFERENCES: Aleotti, Pietro, Landslide hazard assessment: Summary review and new perspectives, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 58, 1, pp. 21-44, (1999); 
Ayalew, Lulseged, The application of GIS-based logistic regression for landslide susceptibility mapping in the Kakuda-Yahiko Mountains, Central Japan, Geomorphology, 65, 1-2, pp. 15-31, (2005); 
Akgun, Aykut, A comparison of landslide susceptibility maps produced by logistic regression, multi-criteria decision, and likelihood ratio methods: A case study at İzmir, Turkey, Landslides, 9, 1, pp. 93-106, (2012); 
Brenning, Alexander, Spatial prediction models for landslide hazards: Review, comparison and evaluation, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 5, 6, pp. 853-862, (2005); 
Chang, Ming, Image interpretation and spatial analysis of geohazards induced by "4.20" Lushan earthquake in epicenter area, Journal of Chengdu University of Technology (Science and Technology Edition), 40, 3, pp. 275-281, (2013); 
Nat Hazards Earth Syst Sci, (2013); 
Chen, Zhaohua, Landslide hazard mapping using logistic regression model in Mackenzie Valley, Canada, Natural Hazards, 42, 1, pp. 75-89, (2007); 
Fault Rupture of the Apr 20 2013 Lushan Earthquake is about 40km and the Maximum Displacement is 1 6m, (2013); 
There are 5084 Recorded Aftershocks After the Apr 20 2013 Ms 7 0 Lushan Earthquake, (2013); 
Seismic Intensity Map of the Apr 20 2013, (2013)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zhu, S.B., Shi, Y.L., Lu, M., Xie, F.R.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhu, Shoubiao (7404392085); Shi, Yaolin (55509528000); Lu, Ming (55236370900); Xie, Furen (7202420891)
7404392085; 55509528000; 55236370900; 7202420891
Dynamic mechanisms of earthquake-triggered landslides
(2013) Science China Earth Sciences, 56 (10), pp. 1769 - 1779, Cited 37 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11430-013-4582-9
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84884703048&doi=10.1007%2Fs11430-013-4582-9&partnerID=40&md5=dfb4a8c0955ec7ef263d693cdb9dfba5

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Crustal Dynamics, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Computational Geodynamics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Earthquake-triggered landslides usually cause great disasters, and yet their dynamic mechanisms remain poorly understood. This paper will derive a general conceptual landslide model from the geometric and kinematic features of the most landslide masses triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. Kinematic characteristics and dynamic processes are simulated here by means of finite element method (FEM) based on the dynamic process of the discontinuous deformable body. The calculated results presented the whole course of landslide motion, and displayed some typical kinematic characteristics such as initiation, sliding, ejection, collision, flying in the air, and climbing of landslides. The simulation result also shows that, under combined seismic inertial forces and gravity, landslides will start to slip once it overcomes the friction between the sliding mass and slip-bed, then it will move from slow to fast along the slippery bed until it ejects from the slip-bed. Moreover, the high frequencies and serious damages by landslides in the Wenchuan earthquake are caused by the strong ground motion on the mountain slopes in and around the epicenter that was dramatically amplified owing to both resonances produced by the seismic event and topographical amplification by seismic motion. In addition, the modeling results suggest that the direction, amplitude, frequency, and duration of strong ground motion have a great influence on the stability of landslide mass. Therefore, the study helps us better understand dynamic mechanism of landslides, seismic hazard assessment, and dynamic earthquake triggering. © 2013 Science China Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: dynamics; earthquake-triggered landslides; finite element method; strong ground motion; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Duration of strong ground motion; Dynamic earthquake triggering; Earthquake-triggered landslides; Kinematic characteristics; Seismic hazard assessment; Strong ground motion; Wenchuan Earthquake; Dynamics; Earthquakes; Finite element method; Gravitation; Kinematics; Landslides; deformation mechanism; earthquake damage; earthquake epicenter; earthquake mechanism; finite element method; ground motion; hazard assessment; kinematics; landslide; modeling; seismic hazard; Sichuan earthquake 2008; strong motion; topographic effect; trigger mechanism
REFERENCES: Journal of Catastrophology, (2003); 
Dong, J. J., Effects of seismic anisotropy and geological characteristics on the kinematics of the neighboring Jiufengershan and Hungtsaiping landslides during Chi-Chi earthquake, Tectonophysics, 466, 3-4, pp. 438-457, (2009); 
Large Scale Landslides Induced by the Wenchuan Earthquake, (2009); 
Kirschbaum, Dalia Bach, A global landslide catalog for hazard applications: Method, results, and limitations, Natural Hazards, 52, 3, pp. 561-575, (2010); 
Cui, Fangpeng, Numerical simulation of collapsing and sliding response of slope triggered by seismic dynamic action, Tongji Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Tongji University, 39, 3, pp. 445-450, (2011); 
Dunning, Stuart A., The Hattian Bala rock avalanche and associated landslides triggered by the Kashmir Earthquake of 8 October 2005, Engineering Geology, 93, 3-4, pp. 130-144, (2007); 
1933 Diexi Earthquake, (1983); 
Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, (2009); 
Journal of Natural Disasters, (1997); 
Northwestern Seismological Journal, (1994)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Xu, C., Xiwei, X.-W.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Xu, Chong (35184309900); Xiwei, Xu (8246843900)
35184309900; 8246843900
Controlling parameter analyses and hazard mapping for earthquake-triggered landslides: An example from a square region in Beichuan County, Sichuan Province, China
(2013) Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 6 (10), pp. 3827 - 3839, Cited 34 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s12517-012-0646-y
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84884203626&doi=10.1007%2Fs12517-012-0646-y&partnerID=40&md5=d6852a514db5a25c72b61623381532a6

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Active Tectonics and Volcano, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: On May 12, 2008, at 1428 hours (Beijing time), a catastrophic earthquake, with a magnitude of Ms 8.0, struck the Sichuan Province, China. About 200,000 landslides, as a secondary geological hazard associated with the earthquake, were triggered over a broad area. These landslides were of almost all types such as shallow, disrupted landslides, rock falls, deep-seated landslides, and rock avalanches. Some of these landslides damaged and destroyed large part of some towns, blocked roads, dammed rivers, and caused other serious damages. The purpose of this study is to detect correlations between landslide occurrence and the surface rupture plane, ground shaking conditions (measured by peak ground acceleration, PGA), lithology, slope gradient, slope aspect, topographic position, and distance from drainages by using two indices, landslide area percentage (LAP) and the landslide number density (LND), based on geographic information system (GIS) technology and statistical analysis method in a square region (study area) of Beichuan County, Sichuan Province, China. There were 5,096 landslides related with the earthquake which were delineated by visual interpretation and selected field checking throughout the study area. The total area (horizontal projection) of the 5,096 landslides is about 41.103 km2. The LAP, which is defined as the percentage of the plane area affected by landslides, was 10.276 %, and the LND, means the number of landslides per square kilometers, was 12.74 landslides/km2. Statistical analysis results show that both LAP and LND have a positive correlation with slope gradient and a negative correlation with distance from the surface rupture. However, the correlation between the occurrence of landslides with PGA, topographic position, and distance from drainages are uncertain, or has just a little positive correlation. The correlation between landslide and slope aspect also shows the effect of the directivity of the seismic wave. The Zbq formation had the most concentrated landslide activity with the LND value of 21.78 landslides/km2<inf>,</inf> and the ∈<inf>1</inf> q Gr. geological units had the highest LAP value. Furthermore, weight index (W <inf>i</inf>) model is performed with a GIS platform to derive landslide hazard index map. The success rate of the model was 71.615 % and, thus, it was valid. In addition, comparison of five landslide controlling parameters' influence on landslide occurrences was also carried out. © 2012 Saudi Society for Geosciences.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Geographic Information Systems (GIS); Landslide area percentage; Landslide hazard mapping; Landslide number density; Landslides; Statistical analysis; The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: damage; earthquake magnitude; earthquake rupture; GIS; hazard assessment; landslide; S-wave; Sichuan earthquake 2008; slope dynamics; Beichuan; China; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Tien Bui, D., Spatial prediction of landslide hazards in Hoa Binh province (Vietnam): A comparative assessment of the efficacy of evidential belief functions and fuzzy logic models, Catena, 96, pp. 28-40, (2012); 
Tien Bui, D., Landslide susceptibility assessment in the Hoa Binh province of Vietnam: A comparison of the Levenberg-Marquardt and Bayesian regularized neural networks, Geomorphology, 171-172, pp. 12-29, (2012); 
Acta Geologica Sinica, (2009); 
Chigira, Masahiro, Geological and geomorphological characteristics of landslides triggered by the 2004 Mid Niigta prefecture earthquake in Japan, Engineering Geology, 82, 4, pp. 202-221, (2006); 
Chigira, Masahiro, Landslides induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China, Geomorphology, 118, 3-4, pp. 225-238, (2010); 
Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011); 
Das, Josodhir D., Satellite data in a rapid analysis of Kashmir earthquake (October 2005) triggered landslide pattern and river water turbidity in and around the epicentral region, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 28, 8, pp. 1835-1842, (2007); 
Di, Baofeng, Quantifying the spatial distribution of soil mass wasting processes after the 2008 earthquake in Wenchuan, China. A case study of the Longmenshan area, Remote Sensing of Environment, 114, 4, pp. 761-771, (2010); 
Fukuoka, Hiroshi, Distribution of landslides triggered by the 1995 Hyogo-ken Nanbu earthquake and long runout mechanism of the Takarazuka golf course landslide, Journal of Physics of the Earth, 45, 2, pp. 83-90, (1997); 
Gallus, Dominik, Classification of landslide susceptibility in the development of early warning systems, Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography, pp. 55-75, (2008)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Xu, C., Xiwei, X.-W., Yao, Q., Wang, Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Xu, Chong (35184309900); Xiwei, Xu (8246843900); Yao, Qi (57207434310); Wang, Yanying (57188982729)
35184309900; 8246843900; 57207434310; 57188982729
GIS-based bivariate statistical modelling for earthquake-triggered landslides susceptibility mapping related to the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, China
(2013) Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology, 46 (2), pp. 221 - 236, Cited 78 times.
DOI: 10.1144/qjegh2012-006
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84881042629&doi=10.1144%2Fqjegh2012-006&partnerID=40&md5=7fa1a1da2fc4f686e73ac1ba13323796

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Active Tectonics and Volcano, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China; China Earthquake Networks Center, Beijing, China; College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China
ABSTRACT: The main purpose of this research is to evaluate the modelling capability and predictive power of a bivariate statistical method for earthquake-triggered landslide susceptibility mapping. A weight index (Wi) model was developed for the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake region in Sichuan Province, China, using a wide range of optical remote sensing data, and carried out on the basis of a geographic information system (GIS) platform. The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake triggered 196007 landslides, with a total area of 1150.43 km2, in an approximately oblong area around the Yingxiu-Beichuan coseismic surface fault-rupture (the Yingxiu-Beichuan fault). The landslides of the study area were mapped using visual interpretation of high-resolution satellite images and aerial photographs, both pre- and post-earth-quake, and checked in the field at various locations. As a consequence, a nearly complete inventory of landslides triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake was constructed. Topographic and geological data and earthquake-related information were collected, processed and constructed into a spatial database using GIS and image processing technologies. A total of 10 controlling parameters associated with the earthquake-triggered landslides were selected, including elevation, slope angle, slope aspect, slope curvature, slope position, lithology, seismic intensity, peak ground acceleration (PGA), distance from the Yingxiu-Beichuan fault, and distance along this fault. To assist with the development of the model, the complete dataset of 196007 landslides was randomly partitioned into two subsets; a training data-set, which contains 70% of the data (137204 landslides, with a total area of 809.96 km2), and a testing dataset accounting for 30% of the data (58803 landslides, with a total area of 340.47 km2). A landslide susceptibility index map was generated using the training dataset, the 10 impact factors, and the Wi model. In addition, for a conditionally dependent factor analysis, seven other factor-combination cases were also used to construct landslide susceptibility index maps. Finally, these eight landslide suscep-tibility maps were compared with the training data and testing data to obtain model capability (success rate) and predictive power (predictive rate) information. The validation results show that the success and predictive rates of the Wi modelling exceeded 90% for the approaches that include the use of seismic factors. The final landslide susceptibility map can be used to identify and delineate unstable suscepti-bility-prone areas, and help planners to choose favourable locations for development schemes, such as infrastructure, construction and environmental protection schemes. The generic component of this research would allow application in other regions affected by high-intensity earthquakes and unstable terrain covering very large areas. © 2013 The Geological Society of London.
INDEX KEYWORDS: 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Earthquake-triggered landslides; High resolution satellite images; Image processing technology; Landslide susceptibility; Optical remote sensing data; Peak ground acceleration; Susceptibility mapping; Faulting; Geographic information systems; Image processing; Landslides; Lithology; Maps; Optical data processing; Statistical tests; Earthquakes; aerial photography; GIS; hazard assessment; landslide; mapping; numerical model; remote sensing; satellite imagery; Sichuan earthquake 2008; statistical analysis; China; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Aleotti, Pietro, Landslide hazard assessment: Summary review and new perspectives, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 58, 1, pp. 21-44, (1999); 
Arora, Manoj Kumar, An artificial neural network approach for landslide hazard zonation in the bhagirathi (ganga) valley, himalayas, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 25, 3, pp. 559-572, (2004); 
Baeza, Cristina, Assessment of shallow landslide susceptibility by means of multivariate statistical techniques, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 26, 12, pp. 1251-1263, (2001); 
Bai, Shibiao, GIS-Based and Data-Driven Bivariate Landslide-Susceptibility Mapping in the Three Gorges Area, China Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 40801212 and 49971064), the Foundation for China Geological Survey (No. 200316000035), the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China (No. 06KJB170063), Pedosphere, 19, 1, pp. 14-20, (2009); 
Bednarik, Martin, Landslide susceptibility assessment of the Kraľovany-Liptovský Mikuláš railway case study, Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, 35, 3-5, pp. 162-171, (2010); 
Binaghi, Elisabetta, Slope instability zonation: a comparison between certainty factor and fuzzy Dempster-Shafer approaches, Natural Hazards, 17, 1, pp. 77-97, (1998); 
Brenning, Alexander, Spatial prediction models for landslide hazards: Review, comparison and evaluation, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 5, 6, pp. 853-862, (2005); 
Carrara, Alberto, Use of GIS technology in the prediction and monitoring of landslide hazard, Natural Hazards, 20, 2-3, pp. 117-135, (1999); 
Chung, Chungjo F., Probabilistic prediction models for landslide hazard mapping, Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, 65, 12, pp. 1389-1399, (1999); 
Dahal, Ranjan Kumar, Predictive modelling of rainfall-induced landslide hazard in the Lesser Himalaya of Nepal based on weights-of-evidence, Geomorphology, 102, 3-4, pp. 496-510, (2008)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Tian, S.-J., Kong, J.-M.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Tian, Shujun (36609420200); Kong, Jiming (55793897000)
36609420200; 55793897000
Statistical analysis the distribution of landslide triggered by M 8.0 Wenchuan, China earthquake of May 12, 2008
(2013) Applied Mechanics and Materials, 353-354, pp. 1236 - 1239, Cited 1 times.
DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.353-356.1236
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84883205205&doi=10.4028%2Fwww.scientific.net%2FAMM.353-356.1236&partnerID=40&md5=af1038b71e78eff94cdc59e70cd17de9

AFFILIATIONS: School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Abundant landslides were triggered by Wenchuan earthquake. The paper mapped 4722 earthquake-induced landslides and used Geographic Information System to finish the statistical data about the occurrence of landslides correlating with environmental factors including distance from middle faults, lithology, altitude, river, and slope steepness. Because the seismic energy released along the middle faults and the attenuation of energy was obvious in minor axis, the zonal distribution of landslides was consistent with strike of middle faults and about 64.42% of landslides occurred within 20 km from middle faults of Longmenshan. As the middle faults and front faults both belonged to thrust faults, the impact of earthquake in hanging wall was higher than that in footwall. Therefore, the density of landslide in hanging wall of middle faults was obviously higher than that in footwall. As the release of seismic energy was restricted by landform and river, landslides were concentrative and consistent with the spatial distribution of rivers in the mountainous terrain. The scale effect of seismic acceleration was so intense in top of mountain with high difference in elevation along river that the origin of most landslides were in upside of slope. About 99.43% of landslides distributed in area where the seismic intensity was more than VII. © (2013) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Landslide; Scale effect; Site effect; Statistical analysis; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Earthquake-induced landslides; Environmental factors; Mountainous terrain; Scale effects; Seismic accelerations; Seismic intensity; Site effects; Wenchuan Earthquake; Civil engineering; Earthquakes; Geographic information systems; Landslides; Lithology; Rivers; Statistical methods; Faulting
REFERENCES: Journal of Engineering Geology, (2008); 
Keefer, David K., Statiscal analysis of an earthquake-induced landslide distribution - The 1989 Loma Prieta, California event, Engineering Geology, 58, 3-4, pp. 231-249, (2000); 
Proc 4th Int Conf on Seismic Zonation, (1991); 
Science and Technology Review, (2008); 
Yong, Li, Surface rupture, thrusting and strike-slipping in the Wenchuan earthquake of Sichuan, China, Journal of Chengdu University of Technology (Science and Technology Edition), 35, 4, pp. 404-413, (2008); 
Seed, Harry Bolton, Mexico earthquake of September 19, 1985 - relationships between soil conditions and earthquake ground motions, Earthquake Spectra, 4, 4, pp. 687-729, (1988); 
Abrahamson, Norman A.Bolt, Effects of the hanging wall and footwall on ground motions recorded during the Northridge earthquake, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 86, 1 SUPPL. B, pp. S93-S99, (1996); 
Acta Seismologica Sinica, (2001)
CONFERENCE NAME: 3rd International Conference on Civil Engineering, Architecture and Building Materials, CEABM 2013
CONFERENCE DATE: 2013-05-24 through 2013-05-26
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Tian, S.-J., Kong, J.-M.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Tian, Shujun (36609420200); Kong, Jiming (55793897000)
36609420200; 55793897000
Susceptibility forecast of geo-hazard under the conditions of earthquake and rainfall
(2013) Applied Mechanics and Materials, 353-354, pp. 1219 - 1222, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.353-356.1219
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84883168878&doi=10.4028%2Fwww.scientific.net%2FAMM.353-356.1219&partnerID=40&md5=fd7127361603bb033e9b349af4bda802

AFFILIATIONS: School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Large amount of loose deposits and potential geo-hazards were formed by Wenchuan earthquake, which would be transformed into collapses, landslide and debris flows under the condition of rainfall or aftershock. The paper divides influence factors into triggering factors and background factors, and constitutes susceptibility forecast system for geo-hazard based on factors in parallel or series. The background system contains stratum, distance to river, relief, slope and aspect of slope. And the triggering system includes distance to seismic fault and rainfall. The paper applies and verifies the system to forecast the susceptibility of geo-hazard in study area, and the result shows that 52 small watersheds are in extremely high and high states accounting for 37.68% in 138 small watersheds. According to the statistics of 23 geo-hazards from field investigation, 13 geo-hazards are in extremely high risk grade of susceptibility and 10 geo-hazards are in high risk grade of susceptibility, which shows that the result of susceptibility forecast of geo-hazard is reasonable. © (2013) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Geo-hazard; Rainfall; Susceptibility forecast; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Background systems; Field investigation; Forecast systems; Geo hazards; Slope and aspects; Triggering factors; Triggering systems; Wenchuan Earthquake; Civil engineering; Earthquakes; Forecasting; Rain; Hazards
REFERENCES: Journal of Natural Disasters, (2009); 
Huang, Runqiu, Development and distribution of geohazards triggered by the 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake in China, Science in China, Series E: Technological Sciences, 52, 4, pp. 810-819, (2009); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2009); 
Zhuang, Jianqi, Characteristics of earthquake-triggered landslides and post-earthquake debris flows in Beichuan County, Journal of Mountain Science, 7, 3, pp. 246-254, (2010); 
Romeo, Roberto Walter, Seismically induced landslide displacements: A predictive model, Engineering Geology, 58, 3-4, pp. 337-351, (2000); 
Barlow, Richard E., COHERENT SYSTEMS WITH MULTI-STATE COMPONENTS., Mathematics of Operations Research, 3, 4, pp. 275-281, (1978); 
Journal of Air Force Engineering University, (2004); 
Tian, Shujun, Risk assessment model of multimode system for earthquake-induced landslide in small watershed, Applied Mechanics and Materials, 204-208, pp. 2629-2633, (2012)
CONFERENCE NAME: 3rd International Conference on Civil Engineering, Architecture and Building Materials, CEABM 2013
CONFERENCE DATE: 2013-05-24 through 2013-05-26
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Xu, J.-H., He, C., Zhou, Y., Wu, H.-B.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Xu, Jinhua (35724804200); He, Chuan (26643517600); Zhou, Yi (57191652582); Wu, Haibin (55838847800)
35724804200; 26643517600; 57191652582; 55838847800
Discussion for displacement control criteria of soft rock tunnel in the seismic area
(2013) Applied Mechanics and Materials, 353-354, pp. 1440 - 1445, Cited 2 times.
DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.353-356.1440
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84883139167&doi=10.4028%2Fwww.scientific.net%2FAMM.353-356.1440&partnerID=40&md5=535b21514ded7b0684e8e556c25b1d43

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Transportation Tunnel Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: This paper studies on a certain highway project which passes through Longmen Shan fault zone, the one triggers 5.12 Wenchuan earthquakes directly. The region where the project resides is characterized by high percentage of soft rock mass, in particular the phyllite. Series of landslide have hitherto happened due to the instability of mountains along the highway which was caused by the great earthquake. Besides, since the phyllite-dominated rock was low-strength and easily soften by water, engineering disasters such as cave-in and large deformation of surrounding rock occurred frequently during the construction of tunnels located along the highway. The existing deformation control criteria fail gradually to fill the requirements of safe tunnelling. The author analyzed monitoring data from different tunnels with different cross-section types and different surrounding rock conditions, referred to relevant norms and eventually proposes new deformation control criteria based on allowable deformation and deformation rate. © (2013) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: 5.12 Wenchuan earthquakes; Deformation control criterion; Field monitoring; Phyllite; Reserved deformation value
INDEX KEYWORDS: Deformation control; Field monitoring; Phyllite; Reserved deformation value; Wenchuan Earthquake; Disasters; Earthquakes; Highway engineering; Rock mechanics; Deformation
REFERENCES: Wang, Bo, Analysis of failure properties and formatting mechanism of soft rock tunnel in meizoseismal areas, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 31, 5, pp. 928-936, (2012); 
Construction Technique of Tunnels with Soft Surrounding Rocks, (2011); 
Li, Xiaohong, Ultimate displacement discrimination of stability and reliability analysis of surrounding rocks of tunnel and underground engineering, Yantu Lixue/Rock and Soil Mechanics, 26, 6, pp. 850-854, (2005); 
Structure Reliability of Tunnel M, (2002); 
Study on the Method for Determination the Tunnel Surrounding Rock S Stability Based on Monitoring Measurements and Numerical Analysis D, (2006)
CONFERENCE NAME: 3rd International Conference on Civil Engineering, Architecture and Building Materials, CEABM 2013
CONFERENCE DATE: 2013-05-24 through 2013-05-26
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zheng, J., Li, M., Su, J.-X., An, M.-K.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zheng, Jing (36731921000); Li, Ming (55781676400); Su, Junxia (55938292800); An, Mengkang (55938749400)
36731921000; 55781676400; 55938292800; 55938749400
Research on deformation failure mode of slope diseases caused by earthquake
(2013) Journal of Railway Engineering Society, 30 (9), pp. 7 - 14, Cited 5 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84888246606&partnerID=40&md5=7e95f087c27379030b0f8e3512ef3dd3

AFFILIATIONS: Northwest Research Institute Co. Ltd of CREC, Lanzhou, Gansu, China; Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
ABSTRACT: Research purposes: The slope diseases caused by earthquake are different from other types of slope diseases in general. They have various mechanism and deformation failure modes and can cause large damages. In order to prevent and control these diseases pointedly, based on investigations of 3 slope diseases along the Wenchuan-Yingxiu Road influenced by the "5·12"Wenchuan Earthquake, the analyses and researches were made and done on the slope diseases types, slope structures and mechanism to summarize the deformation failure modes of slope diseases caused by earthquake. Research conclusions: (1) The main types of slope diseases include the collapse, landslide, slumping, fault and rockfall. Collapse is the major disease, up to 71% of the total slope diseases. About 80% diseases happens to rock slope. (2) The deformation failure modes of collapse have 8 types like pull cracking and falling.Landslide has 5types like pull cracking, shearing off and sliding. Slumping has 2 types of shaking loose and slumping. Rock falling has 2 types of throwing and dropping. Disorder falling has 1 type of shaking to crimping. (3) This research result can provide the reference to prevention and control of the slope diseases caused by earthquakes along railways and roads.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Earthquake; Failure mode; Slope disease
INDEX KEYWORDS: Deformation failure; Modes of collapse; Prevention and controls; Research purpose; Research results; Shearing-off; Slope structure; Wenchuan Earthquake; Cracks; Deformation; Earthquakes; Failure modes; Research; Rock bursts; Disease control
REFERENCES: Journal of Catastrophology, (2003); 
Mechanism and Engineering Application on Supporting System of Grouting Micro Pile Group, (2009); 
Engineering Treatment of Slope and Landslide, (2007); 
Huang, Runqiu, Mechanism and geomechanical modes of landslide hazards triggered by Wenchuan 8.0 earthquake, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 28, 6, pp. 1239-1249, (2009); 
Science Technology Review, (2012); 
Journal of Railway Engineering Society, (2008); 
Disease Analysis and Control for High Cutting Slope, (2011); 
undefined; 
Xu, Qiang, Genetic types of large-scale landslides induced by Wenchuan earthquake, Diqiu Kexue - Zhongguo Dizhi Daxue Xuebao/Earth Science - Journal of China University of Geosciences, 36, 6, pp. 1134-1142, (2011)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Xu, C., Xiwei, X.-W., Zheng, W.-J., Wei, Z.-Y., Tan, X.-B., Han, Z.-J., Li, C.-Y., Liang, M.-J., Li, Z.-Q., Wang, H., Wang, M.-M., Ren, J.-J., Zhang, S.-M., He, Z.-T.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Xu, Chong (35184309900); Xiwei, Xu (8246843900); Zheng, Wenjun (7403566257); Wei, Zhanyu (36112505700); Tan, Xinbin (35184143700); Han, Zhujun (7402853597); Li, Chuanyou (55695997400); Liang, Mingjian (27170183900); Li, Zhiqiang (55707073300); Wang, Hu (35575025100); Wang, Mingming (35756975200); Ren, Junjie (8728895600); Zhang, Shimin (8728895300); He, Zhongtai (36854425000)
35184309900; 8246843900; 7403566257; 36112505700; 35184143700; 7402853597; 55695997400; 27170183900; 55707073300; 35575025100; 35756975200; 8728895600; 8728895300; 36854425000
Landslides triggered by the April 20, 2013 Lushan, Sichuan Province MS 7.0 strong earthquake of China
(2013) Dizhen Dizhi, 35 (3), pp. 641 - 660, Cited 40 times.
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2013.03.018
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84887510329&doi=10.3969%2Fj.issn.0253-4967.2013.03.018&partnerID=40&md5=11dc4324cf73e8284816f047ba0a81c4

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Active Tectonics and Volcano, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China; Earthquake Administration of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Institute of Crustal Dynamics, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: On April 20, 2013, a strong earthquake of M<inf>S</inf> 7.0 struck the Lushan County, Sichuan Province of China. In this paper, basic information of the April 20, 2013 Lushan earthquake, historical earthquakes in the Lushan earthquake struck area and associated historical earthquake-triggered landslides were introduced firstly. We delineated the probable spatial distribution boundary of landslides triggered by the Lushan earthquake based on correlations between the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake-triggered landslides and associated peak ground acceleration (PGA). According to earthquake-triggered landslides classification principles, landslides triggered by the earthquake are divided into three main categories: disrupted landslides, coherent landslides, and flow landslides. The first main category includes five types: rock falls, disrupted rock slides, rock avalanches, soil falls, and disrupted soil slides. The second main category includes two types of soil slumps and slow earth flows. The type of flow landslides is mainly rapid flow slides. Three disrupted landslides, including rock falls, disrupted rock slides, and soil falls are the most common types of landslides triggered by the earthquake. We preliminary mapped 3883 landslides based on available high-resolution aerial photographs taken soon after the earthquake. In addition, the effect of aftershocks on the landslides, comparisons of landslides triggered by the Lushan earthquake with landslides triggered by other earthquake events, and guidance for subsequent landslides detailed interpretation based on high-resolution remote sensing images were discussed respectively. In conclusion, based on quick field investigations to the Lushan earthquake, the classifications, morphology of source area, motion and accumulation area of many earthquake-triggered landslides were recorded before the landslide might be reconstructed by human factors, aftershocks, and rainfall etc. It has important significance to earthquake-triggered landslide hazard mitigation in earthquake struck area and the scientific research of subsequent landslides related to the Lushan earthquake.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Earthquake triggered landslides; Emergency field investigation; The MS 7.0 Lushan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Aerial Photographs; Distribution boundary; Earthquake-triggered landslides; Field investigation; High-resolution remote sensing images; Historical earthquakes; Peak ground acceleration; Scientific researches; Human computer interaction; Image reconstruction; Landslides; Rock bursts; Soils; Earthquakes; aerial photograph; earthquake magnitude; hazard assessment; image analysis; landslide; Lushan earthquake 2013; peak acceleration; remote sensing; slumping; China; Lushan; Sichuan; Taiwan
REFERENCES: Chen, Lichun, The Lushan MS7.0 earthquake and activity of the southern segment of the Longmenshan fault zone, Chinese Science Bulletin, 58, 28-29, pp. 3475-3482, (2013); 
Earth Science Frontiers, (2010); 
Catalogue of Chinese Historical Strong Earthquakes, (1995); 
undefined, (2013); 
undefined, (2013); 
Han, Zhujun, The surface rupture signs of the Lushan "4. 20" MS 7.0 earthquake at Longmen Township, Lushan County and its discussion, Dizhen Dizhi, 35, 2, pp. 388-397, (2013); 
Huang, Runqiu, Research on development and distribution rules of geohazards induced by Wenchuan earthquake on 12th May, 2008, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 27, 12, pp. 2585-2592, (2008); 
undefined, (2013); 
Preliminary Result for Rupture Process of Apr 20 2013 Mw6 7 Earthquake Lushan Ya an China, (2013); 
Science Technology Review, (2012)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Xu, C., Xiwei, X.-W., Dai, F., Wu, Z., He, H., Shi, F., Wu, X., Xu, S.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Xu, Chong (35184309900); Xiwei, Xu (8246843900); Dai, Fuchu (7102055666); Wu, Zhide (35184326800); He, Honglin (36123065500); Shi, Feng (57202464002); Wu, Xiyan (55567917900); Xu, Suning (25931301000)
35184309900; 8246843900; 7102055666; 35184326800; 36123065500; 57202464002; 55567917900; 25931301000
Application of an incomplete landslide inventory, logistic regression model and its validation for landslide susceptibility mapping related to the May 12, 2008 Wenchuan earthquake of China
(2013) Natural Hazards, 68 (2), pp. 883 - 900, Cited 149 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11069-013-0661-7
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84881061020&doi=10.1007%2Fs11069-013-0661-7&partnerID=40&md5=d4acb3ae5b173856a74a5da03415be0c

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Active Tectonics and Volcano, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China; Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; Langfang Branch of PetroChina, Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, Beijing, China; China Institute of Geo-Environmental Monitoring, Beijing, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: The main purpose of this paper is to present the use of multi-resource remote sensing data, an incomplete landslide inventory, GIS technique and logistic regression model for landslide susceptibility mapping related to the May 12, 2008 Wenchuan earthquake of China. Landslide location polygons were delineated from visual interpretation of aerial photographs, satellite images in high resolutions, and verified by selecting field investigations. Eight factors, including slope angle, slope aspect, elevation, distance from drainages, distance from roads, distance from main faults, seismic intensity and lithology were selected as controlling factors for earthquake-triggered landslide susceptibility mapping. Qualitative susceptibility analyses were carried out using the map overlaying techniques in GIS platform. The validation result showed a success rate of 82.751 % between the susceptibility probability index map and the location of the initial landslide inventory. The predictive rate of 86.930 % was obtained by comparing the additional landslide polygons and the landslide susceptibility probability index map. Both the success rate and the predictive rate show sufficient agreement between the landslide susceptibility map and the existing landslide data, and good predictive power for spatial prediction of the earthquake-triggered landslides. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Landslide susceptibility mapping; Landslides; Logistic regression; Predictive rate; Success rate; The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: aerial photograph; earthquake intensity; fault zone; GIS; hazard assessment; inventory; landslide; lithology; logistics; mapping; model test; model validation; regression analysis; remote sensing; satellite imagery; Sichuan earthquake 2008; trigger mechanism; China
REFERENCES: Althuwaynee, Omar F., Application of an evidential belief function model in landslide susceptibility mapping, Computers and Geosciences, 44, pp. 120-135, (2012); 
Arora, Manoj Kumar, An artificial neural network approach for landslide hazard zonation in the bhagirathi (ganga) valley, himalayas, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 25, 3, pp. 559-572, (2004); 
Ayalew, Lulseged, The application of GIS-based logistic regression for landslide susceptibility mapping in the Kakuda-Yahiko Mountains, Central Japan, Geomorphology, 65, 1-2, pp. 15-31, (2005); 
Bednarik, Martin, Landslide susceptibility assessment of the Kraľovany-Liptovský Mikuláš railway case study, Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, 35, 3-5, pp. 162-171, (2010); 
Binaghi, Elisabetta, Slope instability zonation: a comparison between certainty factor and fuzzy Dempster-Shafer approaches, Natural Hazards, 17, 1, pp. 77-97, (1998); 
Binaghi, Elisabetta, Prediction of displacements in unstable areas using a neural model, Natural Hazards, 32, 1, pp. 135-154, (2004); 
Brenning, Alexander, Spatial prediction models for landslide hazards: Review, comparison and evaluation, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 5, 6, pp. 853-862, (2005); 
Tien Bui, D., Landslide susceptibility assessment in the Hoa Binh province of Vietnam: A comparison of the Levenberg-Marquardt and Bayesian regularized neural networks, Geomorphology, 171-172, pp. 12-29, (2012); 
Tien Bui, D., Regional prediction of landslide hazard using probability analysis of intense rainfall in the Hoa Binh province, Vietnam, Natural Hazards, 66, 2, pp. 707-730, (2013); 
Caniani, Donatella, Neural networks and landslide susceptibility: A case study of the urban area of Potenza, Natural Hazards, 45, 1, pp. 55-72, (2008)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zhou, Y.J., Yao, S.M., Xu, H.T., Wang, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhou, Y. J. (57830625600); Yao, Shiming (55922913300); Xu, H. T. (58428920500); Wang, J. (57213425048)
57830625600; 55922913300; 58428920500; 57213425048
The changes of annual mean suspended load at up reach of Changjiang River after the Wenchuan earthquake
(2013), pp. 42 - 42, Cited 0 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85138101915&partnerID=40&md5=c849ae7d7aacb64a7b6a645ade39daf8

AFFILIATIONS: Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan, Hubei, China
ABSTRACT: The serious earthquake induces secondary geological disaster like landslips, debris flows, barrier lakes and so on, accumulates mass sediments in land surface and damages erosion control structures, which changes the underlying surface condition of river basin erosion, so the serious earthquake can influence sediment yield in river basin distinctly. Based on the observed data in recent 60 years, the quantities of water and suspended load in main control station of Changjiang River upstream was statics analyzed, and the changes of annual mean suspended load at Changjiang River upstream after the Wenchuan earthquake was discussed. Results of this study can be shown that, after the Wenchuan earthquake, the suspend load at Pingshan station (Changjiang River) decreased, the trend was consistent around Wenchuan earthquake. The suspend load at Gaochang station (Minjiang River), Fushun station (Tuojiang River) and Beibei station (Jialingjiang River) increased, it was contrary to the trend before the earthquake. The suspend load at Wulong station (Wujiang River) had no distinct changes. So the whole upstream of Changjiang river sediment runoff appeared different trend with the period of 1990 to 2008. The changes of sediment transport may affect some reservoirs and process of maintain river, especially, the increase of suspended load in some stations may cause more deposition at the fluctuating backwater area of the Three Gorges Project, so related department should be prepared by observation and research. © 2013 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. All rights reserved.
PUBLISHER: CRC Press
DOCUMENT TYPE: Book chapter
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Han, Z., Chen, G., Li, Y., Zheng, L., Zhang, Y., Xu, L.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Han, Zheng (55556913000); Chen, Guangqi (55577206900); Li, Yange (55339639500); Zheng, Lu (55273034500); Zhang, Yingbin Bin (57214256630); Xu, Linrong (7404745385)
55556913000; 55577206900; 55339639500; 55273034500; 57214256630; 7404745385
A numerical simulation of volumetric enlargement for seismic debris flow using integrated DDA and KANAKO 2D
(2013), pp. 281 - 287, Cited 0 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85132516111&partnerID=40&md5=a964d18d8bdc30d40f702b46515ce2b0

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Japan; School of Civil Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
ABSTRACT: The assessment of the debris-flow hazard potential has to rely on the debris volume, for now seismic condition and relevant influence is not considered in the current estimation method, which causing the calculating volume far less than reality. Current researches indicate that volumetric enlargement for seismic debris flow mostly due to the debris material accumulation along the flowing path induced by earthquake, however only qualitative or semi-quantitative methods are adopted. In this paper, a method integrating with DDA and dilatant flow model based KANAKO 2D is proposed, in which the process of debris material accumulation is simulated by DDA, the processes of debris material entrainment and debris-flow deposition are simulated by KANAKO 2D. To demonstrate this method, Shekeniluo debris flow gully, which located in the high seismic intensity zone of Wenchuan earthquake in Shimian County, Sichuan Province is selected as a case study. Numerical simulation results show that debris volume and influence area would expand to 3 times, and it is also verified to approximate to the investigation result. © 2013 Taylor & Francis Group, London.
REFERENCES: Cui, Peng, Characteristics and countermeasures of debris flow in Wenchuan area after the earthquake, Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 42, 5, pp. 10-19, (2010); 
Xu, Linrong, Research on lateral distribution features of debris flow velocity and structural optimization of prevention and control works, Yantu Lixue/Rock and Soil Mechanics, 33, 12, pp. 3715-3728, (2012); 
Debris Flow Hazards and Related Phenomena, (2005); 
12th Congress Interpraevent 2012, (2012); 
Technical Standard for Measures Against Debris Flows Draft, (1988); 
Rickenman, Dieter, Empirical relationships for debris flows, Natural Hazards, 19, 1, pp. 47-77, (1999); 
Rickenman, Dieter, The 1987 debris flows in Switzerland: documentation and analysis, Geomorphology, 8, 2-3, pp. 175-189, (1993); 
Debris Flow IAHR Monograph Series, (1991); 
Journal of the Japan Society of Erosion Control Engineering, (1991); 
International Symposium Interpraevent, (1984)
PUBLISHER: CRC Press
DOCUMENT TYPE: Book chapter
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Cai, F., Yang, Q.Q., Su, Z.M.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Cai, Fei (7006714391); Yang, Qingqing (41961589200); Su, Zhiman (36341416300)
7006714391; 41961589200; 36341416300
DDA simulations of large landslides triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake
(2013), pp. 201 - 206, Cited 0 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85132510799&partnerID=40&md5=5e2779c28e5faee97ecc31d9673d850d

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan; Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: This paper uses DDA to simulate the movement of three large landslides triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake. The simulated and actual deposits corresponded well only when the apparent friction coefficient, which was obtained by field investigation, was used rather than the friction coefficient measured in the laboratory. Furthermore, two cases, in which initial horizontal velocities of 0 and 1 m/s respectively were assigned to the failed mass, were analyzed to clarify the effect of earthquake energy on deposit. The results show that the initial horizontal velocity had very small influence on the simulated deposits. © 2013 Taylor & Francis Group, London.
REFERENCES: Chang, Dongsheng, Field testing of erodibility of two landslide dams triggered by the 12 May Wenchuan earthquake, Landslides, 8, 3, pp. 321-332, (2011); 
Hsü, Kenneth Jinghwa, Catastrophic debris streams (sturzstroms) generated by rockfalls, Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 86, 1, pp. 129-140, (1975); 
Scheidegger, Adrian E., On the prediction of the reach and velocity of catastrophic landslides, Rock Mechanics, 5, 4, pp. 231-236, (1973); 
Discontinuous Deformation Analysis A New Numerical Model for the Statics and Dynamics of Block Systems, (1988); 
Shi, Genhua, Discontinuous deformation analysis: A new numerical model for the statics and dynamics of deformable block structures, Engineering Computations, 9, 2, pp. 157-168, (1992); 
Shi, Genhua, Two dimensional discontinuous deformation analysis, International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, 9, 6, pp. 541-556, (1985); 
Shi, Genhua, Generalization of two‐dimensional discontinuous deformation analysis for forward modelling, International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, 13, 4, pp. 359-380, (1989); 
Wu, Jian Hong, Seismic landslide simulations in discontinuous deformation analysis, Computers and Geotechnics, 37, 5, pp. 594-601, (2010); 
Wu, Jian Hong, Application of DDA to simulate characteristics of the Tsaoling landslide, Computers and Geotechnics, 38, 5, pp. 741-750, (2011); 
Large Scale Landslides Induced by the Wenchuan Earthquake, (2009)
PUBLISHER: CRC Press
DOCUMENT TYPE: Book chapter
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Han, Y., Kong, Y., Wang, Y., Qian, N., Huang, P., Han, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Han, Yongshun (8045872900); Kong, Yaping (7201616024); Wang, Yun (55979180200); Qian, Ning (59860661100); Huang, Peng (53263882500); Han, Jun (55656662100)
8045872900; 7201616024; 55979180200; 59860661100; 53263882500; 55656662100
Assessment of silting-up intensity of debris flows in earthquake area: A case study of Hongchun Gully
(2013) Journal of Natural Disasters, 22 (4), pp. 201 - 207, Cited 2 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84891349391&partnerID=40&md5=c1a06f46490937e21c2a176e9288876b

AFFILIATIONS: Hunan Province Engineering Laboratory of Geospatial Information, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, China; Research Center for Environmental Protection and Transportation Safety, China Academy of Transportation Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Debris flow is the most serious and dangerous secondary mountain hazards in Wenchuan earthquake afflicted areas and has become a striking problem of disaster prevention and mitigation and social economic development. It is necessary to calculate the silted width and thickness of debris flow sediment and further to assess relevant sediment magnitude, which may provide a basis for and reference to debris flow mitigation and management as well as key project construction. In this paper, field investigation and experimental analysis were made at Hongchun Gully of Wenchuan, Yingxiu town earthquake-affected area to gain meteorological, hydrological and soil data and debris flow parameters. The models of debris flow silted width, thickness and magnitude were set up and applied to assess the silting up intensity of the Hongchun Gully debris flow. The results show that ; ( 1 ) the assessed sitting up thickness is 11.07 m. comparing with the measured thickness, 10.5 m, the absolute error is + 0.57 m, and the relative error is 5. 1% ; (2) the assessed sitting up width is 174. 66 m. Comparing with the measured 180.3 m, the absolute error is -5.64 m, and the relative error is 3.2% ; (3) the debris flow sitting up magnitude index is 4. 6, which is a extremely high magnitude and risk. (4) the assessment model has high accuracy. The study results could present scientific and technical support to the design and construction Du-Wen highway and its gully-crossing bridges as well as the optimal design of disaster prevention and control project.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Cebris flow; Hongchun gully; Silted magnitude assessment; Silted width and thickness calculation
INDEX KEYWORDS: assessment method; debris flow; disaster management; earthquake magnitude; mitigation; Sichuan earthquake 2008; China; Hongchun Gully; Sichuan; Yingxiu
REFERENCES: Han, Yongshun, Hazard assessment on secondary mountain-hazards triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake, Journal of Applied Remote Sensing, 3, 1, (2009); 
Mountain Research, (1987); 
China Railway Science, (1993); 
Advance in Earth Sciences, (2004); 
Journal of Natural Disasters, (2000); 
Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, (2008); 
Journal of Natural Disasters, (2000); 
Journal of Catastrophology, (2012); 
Tang, Chuan, Field investigation and research on giant debris flow on August 14, 2010 in Yingxiu town, epicenter of Wenchuan earthquake, Diqiu Kexue - Zhongguo Dizhi Daxue Xuebao/Earth Science - Journal of China University of Geosciences, 36, 1, pp. 172-180, (2011)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Chen, N.-S., Liu, L.-H., Deng, M.-F., Yang, C.-L., He, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Chen, Ningsheng (8726157200); Liu, Lihong (55885301200); Deng, Mingfeng (36668370200); Yang, Chen Lin (59878902600); He, Jie (55233337200)
8726157200; 55885301200; 36668370200; 59878902600; 55233337200
Tendency prediction and prevention strategy of geohazards triggered by Lushan Ms 7 earthquake, Sichuan Province, China
(2013) Journal of Chengdu University of Technology (Science and Technology Edition), 40 (4), pp. 371 - 378, Cited 4 times.
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-9727.2013.04.03
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84885674622&doi=10.3969%2Fj.issn.1671-9727.2013.04.03&partnerID=40&md5=892a3b57fabf1caab385da940a68fc68

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; College of Tourism and Urban-Rural Planning, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: A large number of secondary geological disasters were induced by the 4 • 20 Lushan earthquake in Sichuan province. In order to assess the secondary geological hazards, this paper analyzes the effects of topography, geological conditions, earthquakes and drought on debris flow development, and then sets up the assessment indexes. A speedy quantitative assessment of hazards sensibility is carried out using GIS spatial analysis technology. The results indicate that the areas of the high probable, mid-probable, low probable geological disasters in Sichuan province in 2013 are 99 700 km2, 66 700 km2, 14 100 km2, respectively. The high probable geological disasters will be distributed over the affected areas by the Lushan earthquake and the Wenchuan earthquake, and the drought areas in the south and southeast of Sichuan province. Based on the above, the suggestions of prevention and control are put forward.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Drought; Geological hazard; Lushan earthquake; Tendency prediction
INDEX KEYWORDS: earthquake event; earthquake mechanism; GIS; hazard assessment; prediction; seismic hazard; Sichuan earthquake 2008; spatial analysis; structural geology; China; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Geology and Prospecting, (2006); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2003); 
Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation, (1989); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2006); 
Ni, Huayong, Formation and characteristics of post-earthquake debris flow: A case study from Wenjia gully in Mianzhu, Sichuan, SW China, Natural Hazards, 61, 2, pp. 317-335, (2012); 
Tang, Chuan, Catastrophic debris flows on 13 August 2010 in the Qingping area, southwestern China: The combined effects of a strong earthquake and subsequent rainstorms, Geomorphology, 139-140, pp. 559-576, (2012); 
Yu, Bin, Case study of a giant debris flow in the Wenjia Gully, Sichuan Province, China, Natural Hazards, 65, 1, pp. 835-849, (2013); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2011); 
Tang, Chuan, Field investigation and research on giant debris flow on August 14, 2010 in Yingxiu town, epicenter of Wenchuan earthquake, Diqiu Kexue - Zhongguo Dizhi Daxue Xuebao/Earth Science - Journal of China University of Geosciences, 36, 1, pp. 172-180, (2011); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2008)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Hu, X., Lin, J., Zhang, M., Xu, H., Lü, J., Gu, C.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Hu, Xiewen (7404709509); Lin, Jinhui (55832121000); Zhang, Maochun (55681108300); Xu, Hao (55832375400); Lü, Junlei (55833028900); Gu, Chengzhuang (55359118800)
7404709509; 55832121000; 55681108300; 55832375400; 55833028900; 55359118800
Trigger effect of earthquake geohazards around Baoxing County induced by Lushan 4·20 strong earthquake
(2013) Xinan Jiaotong Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University, 48 (4), pp. 599 - 608, Cited 4 times.
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.2013.04.003
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84882798181&doi=10.3969%2Fj.issn.0258-2724.2013.04.003&partnerID=40&md5=ab5569cbb7051418d037487f07d850e1

AFFILIATIONS: School of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Aseismic Engineering Technology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Even though Lushan 4·20 strong earthquake has characteristics of high seismic magnitude and strong destructiveness, its secondary geological disasters are dominated by rockfalls rather than landslides. Compared with secondary geological disasters induced by 5·12 Wenchuan earthquake, their size and number are both mild. However, Baoxing County, which is in the earthquake-affected zone, is an exception. Rockfalls and landslides develop well around the county because of steep mountains. Geological field investigations of the geohazards around Baoxing County before and after the earthquake show that after earthquake the number of rockfall, landslide and debris flood changes into 21, 1, and 3 from 3, 1, and 3, respectively; geohazards development density and modulus change into 2.02 km-1 and 5.59×104 m3/km from 0.38 km-1 and 3.4×103 m3/km, respectively, which are 5.3 and 16.4 times that before the earthquake; and the effect of slope failure induced by the earthquake is significant. Based on the investigation, the following recognitions are obtained by segmental analysis: Seismic geological disasters occur mainly at thin ridges and steep slopes, rockfalls occur mostly at rock slopes, and landslides occur at loose deposited slopes, but large-scale landslides are rare. The overall revival of large-scale loose deposits is not caused by the earthquake, and only some collapse or vibration cracks take place in some parts of steep-gentle junctions. Thus, the loose deposited ancient landslides are stable. This suggests that strong earthquake may not induce overall revival of ancient landslides.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: 4·20 Lushan earthquake; Baoxing County; Earthquake geohazards; Trigger effect
INDEX KEYWORDS: Baoxing County; Development density; Geo-hazards; Geological disaster; Large-scale landslides; Segmental analysis; Trigger effect; Wenchuan Earthquake; Disasters; Landslides; Rock bursts; Earthquakes
REFERENCES: undefined; 
Huang, Runqiu, Research on development and distribution rules of geohazards induced by Wenchuan earthquake on 12th May, 2008, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 27, 12, pp. 2585-2592, (2008); 
Chinese Geological Education, (2008); 
undefined, (2008); 
Huang, Runqiu, Large-scale landslides and their sliding mechanisms in China since the 20th century, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 26, 3, pp. 433-454, (2007); 
Hu, Xiewen, Analysis of blocking river mechanism of Tangjiashan landslide and dam-breaking mode of its barrier dam, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 28, 1, pp. 181-189, (2009); 
Hu, Xiewen, Research on trigger effecting of earthquake geohazards in Tang Jiashan dammed lake (Beichuan to Yuli), Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 41, 3, pp. 63-71, (2009); 
Gu, Chengzhuang, Setting-out mechanism of landslide induced by earthquake, Xinan Jiaotong Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University, 47, 4, pp. 567-572, (2012); 
Journal of Nanjing University of Technology, (2009); 
Huang, Runqiu, Mechanism and geomechanical modes of landslide hazards triggered by Wenchuan 8.0 earthquake, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 28, 6, pp. 1239-1249, (2009)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Huang, Y., Yao, L., Guo, C.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Huang, Yidan (36618861800); Yao, Lingkan (7201688064); Guo, Chenwen (55755754300)
36618861800; 7201688064; 55755754300
Distribution law of landslides triggered by earthquake based on cellular automata
(2013) Xinan Jiaotong Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University, 48 (4), pp. 609 - 615, Cited 9 times.
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.2013.04.004
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84882789065&doi=10.3969%2Fj.issn.0258-2724.2013.04.004&partnerID=40&md5=e7e0ac7248cd6f999c3bc5e4217bbdb4

AFFILIATIONS: School of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; MOE Key Laboratory of High-Speed Railway Engineering, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Sichuan Key Laboratory of Seismic Engineering and Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: In order to interpret the mechanism of distribution of landslides triggered by earthquake from a physical point of view, typical sections in earthquake zones in the Wenchuan earthquake were investigated, and related remote sensing data was interpreted. The result shows that there exists a negative power-law relationship between the volume and number of landslides in IX seismic intensity zone of the Wenchuan earthquake, and the same is true between the area and frequency of landslides in X intensity seismic zone. However, the relationship changes into a lognormal distribution in XI seismic intensity zone. In addition, cellular automata was used to simulate landslides. The cellular automaton simulation reveals that with the change of disturbance intensity, the dynamical mechanism of sand-pile model is from a strong power-law to a weak power law, then to a lognormal distribution. Under the conceptual framework of self-organized criticality, it is proved that the distribution model of landslides in different seismic intensity zones has a universal law. The research results may not only be used to guide inventory of landslides triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake, but also provide a scientific basis for mountain disaster assessment in high seismic intensity zones.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Cellular automata; Distribution law; Landslide; Self-organized criticality (SOC); Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Conceptual frameworks; Distribution law; Dynamical mechanisms; High seismic intensities; Log-normal distribution; Power-law relationship; Self-organized criticality; Wenchuan Earthquake; Cellular automata; Computer simulation; Criticality (nuclear fission); Earthquakes; Piles; Landslides
REFERENCES: Journal of Geological Hazards and Environment Preservation, (2009); 
Science Technology Review, (2012); 
Hu, Yuanxin, Three-parameter inverse-gamma probability distribution model of incomplete landslide inventory, Zhongnan Daxue Xuebao (Ziran Kexue Ban)/Journal of Central South University (Science and Technology), 42, 10, pp. 3176-3181, (2011); 
Xu, Chong, GIS-based support vector machine modeling of earthquake-triggered landslide susceptibility in the Jianjiang River watershed, China, Geomorphology, 145-146, pp. 70-80, (2012); 
Xu, Chong, Comparison of different models for susceptibility mapping of earthquake triggered landslides related with the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China, Computers and Geosciences, 46, pp. 317-329, (2012); 
Xu, Chong, Landslide hazard mapping using GIS and weight of evidence model in Qingshui River watershed of 2008 Wenchuan earthquake struck region, Journal of Earth Science, 23, 1, pp. 97-120, (2012); 
Malamud, Bruce D., Landslide inventories and their statistical properties, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 29, 6, pp. 687-711, (2004); 
Bak, Per, Self-organized criticality: An explanation of the 1/f noise, Physical Review Letters, 59, 4, pp. 381-384, (1987); 
Held, Glenn A., Experimental study of critical-mass fluctuations in an evolving sandpile, Physical Review Letters, 65, 9, pp. 1120-1123, (1990); 
Science in China Series E, (2003)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Yuan, R., Deng, Q., W. Dickson Cunningham, D., Xu, C., Xiwei, X.-W., Chang, C.-P.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Yuan, Renmao (7202708506); Deng, Qinghai (55430918200); W. Dickson Cunningham, Dickson (7103205425); Xu, Chong (35184309900); Xiwei, Xu (8246843900); Chang, Chungpai (7407035172)
7202708506; 55430918200; 7103205425; 35184309900; 8246843900; 7407035172
Density distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and their relationships to peak ground acceleration
(2013) Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 103 (4), pp. 2344 - 2355, Cited 72 times.
DOI: 10.1785/0120110233
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84881073513&doi=10.1785%2F0120110233&partnerID=40&md5=1cf842d7935f3865947afc4e3e21ca82

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Active Tectonics and Volcano, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Geological Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China; Department of Environmental Earth Science, Eastern Connecticut State University, Willimantic, CT, United States; Center for Space and Remote Sensing Research, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
ABSTRACT: The distribution of landslides induced by the 2008 M<inf>w</inf> 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake was investigated following the method of Meunier et al. (2007) to examine the relationships to peak ground acceleration (PGA). Results suggest that landslide densities are quantifiably related to PGA. Thresholds of PGA<inf>cr</inf> for landslide failure are 0:21g for average horizontal PGA and 0:12g for average vertical PGA. As with other earthquakes, the distribution of the Wenchuan earthquake-triggered landslides can be described by two equations, based on area and source densities, respectively. The similar damping factors of ~20 in these two equations suggest that both density distribution patterns of landslides reflect the dissipation of seismic energy. Landslide-derived PGA equations were then produced for the hanging-wall region of the earthquake-affected area. The results indicate that it should be possible to produce an earthquake shake map from the distribution of earthquake-triggered landslides in an area where there are few or no seismic instruments but many landslides.
INDEX KEYWORDS: 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Damping factors; Density distributions; Earthquake-triggered landslides; Peak ground acceleration; Seismic energy; Seismic instruments; Wenchuan Earthquake; Landslides; Earthquakes; damping; earthquake trigger; geological mapping; hanging wall; landslide; peak acceleration; seismic source; Sichuan earthquake 2008
REFERENCES: Abrahamson, Norman A.Bolt, Effects of the hanging wall and footwall on ground motions recorded during the Northridge earthquake, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 86, 1 SUPPL. B, pp. S93-S99, (1996); 
Landslide Disasters of Taiwan, (2000); 
Chang, Emmy Tsui Yu, Quantification of hanging-wall effects on ground motion: Some insights from the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 94, 6, pp. 2186-2197, (2004); 
Chen, Guihua, Co-seismic slip and slip partitioning of multi-faults during the M s8.0 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Acta Geophysica Sinica, 52, 5, pp. 1384-1394, (2009); 
Chen, Jiu Hui, Seismotectonic study by relocation of the Wenchuan Ms8.0 earthquake sequence, Acta Geophysica Sinica, 52, 2, pp. 390-397, (2009); 
Chigira, Masahiro, Geological causes and geomorphological precursors of the Tsaoling landslide triggered by the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake, Taiwan, Engineering Geology, 68, 3-4, pp. 259-273, (2003); 
Cui, Peng, The 12 May Wenchuan earthquake-induced landslide lakes: Distribution and preliminary risk evaluation, Landslides, 6, 3, pp. 209-223, (2009); 
Dadson, Simon J., Earthquake-triggered increase in sediment delivery from an active mountain belt, Geology, 32, 8, pp. 733-736, (2004); 
Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011); 
Seismology and Geology, (1994)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Huang, R., Li, Y., Qu, K., Wang, K.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Huang, Runqiu (55835407700); Li, Yanrong (55387899600); Qu, Ke (59806563400); Wang, Ke (59611725500)
55835407700; 55387899600; 59806563400; 59611725500
Engineering geological assessment for route selection of railway line in geologically active area: A case study in China
(2013) Journal of Mountain Science, 10 (4), pp. 495 - 508, Cited 26 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11629-013-2660-2
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84880792817&doi=10.1007%2Fs11629-013-2660-2&partnerID=40&md5=485ea930155d65bd2410ffca5c6c1cc2

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; AGECON Ltd., Hong Kong, China; The Second Railway Survey and Design Institute, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: The Cheng-Lan railway links Chengdu, a central city in Southwestern China, and Lanzhou, a central city in Northwestern China. The railway passes through the Longmenshan fault zone (Wenchuan earthquake happened there on May 12, 2008), Minjiang fault zone, and Dongkunlun fault zone, which are all active. It runs over the Yangtze River and the Yellow River, and crosses high mountains and deep valleys. There exists, along the railway's alignment, different kinds of strata of hard granite and soft, weak metamorphic rocks such as carbonaceous slate, schist, and phyllite. It is, therefore, a key issue for such an infrastructure construction to assess the engineering geological conditions and risks, so as to mitigate or avoid possible georisks and to offer optional designs. Geological survey and georisk assessment along the railway corridor are carried out. Special attention is given to active faults, earthquakes and seismic zones. Based on these, discussions about geological aspects for route selection of the railway are conducted and countermeasures for georisk control are proposed accordingly. Main conclusions are achieved as follows: (1) Geohazards such as landslides, rockfalls and debries flows dominate both the route selection of the railway and the engineering structures (e.g., tunnels or bridges) adopted; (2) Tunnel has been proved to be an excellent structure for linear engineering in geologically active area; and (3) In the case where avoiding is impractical, necessary protection measures should be taken to engineering slopes in high earthquake intensity areas, especially the area with earthquake of Ms. 8 or greater. © 2013 Science Press, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, CAS and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Active fault; Earthquake; Geologically active area; Railway route selection
REFERENCES: Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control, (2006); 
Journal of Railway Engineering Society, (2012); 
Marine Geology Frontiers, (2012); 
Huang, Runqiu, Analysis of the geo-hazards triggered by the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake, China, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 68, 3, pp. 363-371, (2009); 
Huang, Runqiu, Development and distribution of geohazards triggered by the 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake in China, Science in China, Series E: Technological Sciences, 52, 4, pp. 810-819, (2009); 
Li, Tianbin Bing, Damage to mountain tunnels related to the Wenchuan earthquake and some suggestions for aseismic tunnel construction, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 71, 2, pp. 297-308, (2012); 
Yong, Li, Evolution of the Longmen Shan Foreland Basin (Western Sichuan, China) during the Late Triassic Indosinian orogeny, Basin Research, 15, 1, pp. 117-138, (2003); 
Li, Yanrong, Landslide Susceptibility Mapping and Evaluation along a River Valley in China, Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition), 86, 4, pp. 1022-1030, (2012); 
Journal of Geomechanics, (2006); 
Engineering Geological Assessment Report of Chengdu Lanzhou Railway, (2010)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; HYBRID GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Xu, C., Xiwei, X.-W.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Xu, Chong (35184309900); Xiwei, Xu (8246843900)
35184309900; 8246843900
Response rate of seismic slope mass movements related to 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake and its spatial distribution analysis
(2013) Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 32 (SUPPL.2), pp. 3888 - 3908, Cited 20 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84888229754&partnerID=40&md5=4131cc3cadf313d351cd2384c61062b1

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Active Tectonics and Volcano, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: As the main phenomenon of slope mass movement response on earthquake, research of earthquake triggered landslides has important practical applications and theoretical scientific significances, especially related to the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan Earthquake. Landslides caused by the earthquake are widespread concerned due to they caused strong landscape changed, enormous loss of life and property damages. In present research, the concept of response rate of seismic slope mass movement(RRSSMM) was proposed. In the first stage, a landslide inventory map was prepared using the landslides triggered by the Wenchuan Earthquake, and was delineated from interpretation of aerial photographs, and field surveys. In the second stage, distribution raster and isoline map of RRSSMM are constructed based on "area-volume" correlation of landslides per 1 km2 grid cells. Next, Area distribution map of RRSSMM was constructed, and it showed that relationship of frequency-RRSSMM or area-RRSSMM in coincidence with power law in range of RRSSMM less than or equal to 10 m. It is showed that the maximum RRSSMM value appears at the position of Daguangbao landslide (the largest landslide triggered by the Wenchuan Earthquake), up to 47.9235 m. Areas of RRSSMM value exceeding 1 m almost appear in the northwest facing areas, on the hanging wall, of a section of Yingxiu-Beichuan fault (from Yingxiu Town to Beichuan County). Those areas of high RRSSMM values correspond to hanging wall of thrust fault. It is indicated that strong controlling of earthquake on landslide occurrences on hanging wall of thrust fault. Spatial distribution analysis of RRSSMM controlled by different landslide conditioning factors were carried out base on GIS technology and statistical theory. These landslide conditioning factors include topographic factors, geologic factors and seismic factors, such as, elevation, slope angle, slope aspect, slope curvature, slope position, distance from drainages, lithology, distance from the epicenter, distance from the Yingxiu-Beichuan fault, distance along the Yingxiu-Beichuan fault, peak ground acceleration(PGA), and seismic intensity. The statistical results show that RRSSMM has positive correlation with slope angle, PGA, and seismic intensity, and negative correlation with distance from drainages, distance from the epicenter, and distance from the Yingxiu-Beichuan surface fault-rupture. It also represents the maximum value of RRSSMM appears between 1600-1800 m ranges in elevation. The highest RRSSMM value has preferred orientation, dominated by the eastern facing. There were small RRSSMM close to zero for plan curvature. For slope position, middle slope, lower slope and valley occupy the highest RRSSMM values. The two lithology groups of sandstone, siltstone (Z) and sandstone, siltstone, chert, slate (∈) had the highest RRSSMM values. The statistical results of RRSSMM along the Yingxiu-Beichuan fault show that the RRSSMM strongly affected by fault in thrusting movement feature. The final RRSSMM distribution data is of great significance on rivers and geomorphic evolution, and debris flow researches, and it can be timely shared to researchers in related fields, such as, tectonic geomorphology, engineering geology, environmental geology, and geological hazards etc. Research methods in this research can be applied to other regional seismic landslide events.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Engineering geology; Inventory; Response rate of seismic slope mass movement(RRSSMM); Spatial distribution; Statistical analysis; Wenchuan Earthquake triggered landslides
INDEX KEYWORDS: 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Earthquake-triggered landslides; Inventory; Peak ground acceleration; Preferred orientations; Seismic slope; Spatial distribution analysis; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes; Engineering geology; Facings; Landslides; Lithology; Research; Sandstone; Spatial distribution; Statistical methods; Surveys; Faulting
REFERENCES: Journal of Remote Sensing, (2009); 
Science Technology Review, (2009); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2008); 
Huang, Runqiu, Research on development and distribution rules of geohazards induced by Wenchuan earthquake on 12th May, 2008, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 27, 12, pp. 2585-2592, (2008); 
Journal of Geological Hazards and Environment Preservation, (2009); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2009); 
Science of Soil and Water Conservation, (2009); 
Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011); 
Huang, Runqiu, Analysis of the geo-hazards triggered by the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake, China, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 68, 3, pp. 363-371, (2009); 
Parker, Robert N., Mass wasting triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake is greater than orogenic growth, Nature Geoscience, 4, 7, pp. 449-452, (2011)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Yang, C., Zhang, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Yang, Changwei (55635393100); Zhang, Jianjing (36669710100)
55635393100; 36669710100
Analysis of landslide responses of a typical high hill-river valley field near national road G213 during wenchuan earthquake
(2013) Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 32 (7), pp. 1467 - 1475, Cited 5 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84879713574&partnerID=40&md5=d0936155941d4c169caa2259d1010ded

AFFILIATIONS: School of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: A high steep hill with river valley near National Road G213 is used as a prototype. A full process from initial deformation to sliding of the slope during ground shaking is simulated by a new discrete element method-continuum-based discrete element method(CDEM). Combining with shaking table test results, seismic landslide responses of accumulation body of the high steep slope are analyzed. The analytical results are as follows. The stress concentration phenomenon appears at the top of the accumulation body firstly; and then some tension failure points and shear failure points appear there, which expands toward the toe of the accumulation body from the top of that along the accumulation body-bed rock structural plane. At the same time, the number of tension failure points gradually increases. At last, the toe of the accumulation body-bed rock structural plane breaks; and then the accumulation body shears out from the toe, which results in the landslide. The starting time of landslide and the arrival time of peak ground acceleration(PGA) are synchronous or the former lags behind the latter slightly. In the high steep area, based on the input seismic wave, regardless of on the slope or inside the slope, peak acceleration is amplified as elevation increases. Generally speaking, amplification of the vertical peak acceleration is larger than that of horizontal peak acceleration; and the amplification of peak acceleration on a slope is larger than that inside the slope. In the river valley topography, based on the input seismic wave, regardless of the river valley or the backsides, peak ground acceleration is also amplified as elevation increases. There are some influence scopes of river valley on acceleration amplification effect. In this scope, the amplification of the horizontal peak ground acceleration is larger than that of the vertical peak ground acceleration. The amplifications of accelerations have obvious directivity of topographic effects, which are related to the gradient of bank sides. Distribution of acceleration amplification effect is nonuniform in river valley; and the smaller the distance to bank sides is, the stronger the acceleration amplification effect is.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Continuum-based discrete element method(CDEM); Earthquake; High hill-river valley; Landslide response; Peak ground acceleration; Slope engineering
INDEX KEYWORDS: Amplification effects; Concentration phenomena; Continuum-based discrete element method(CDEM); High hill-river valley; Horizontal peak acceleration; Peak ground acceleration; Slope engineering; Vertical peak acceleration; Acceleration; Differential amplifiers; Earthquakes; Finite difference method; Landforms; Landslides; Rivers; Roads and streets; Seismic waves; Slope protection; Stress concentration; Amplification
REFERENCES: Wang, Laigui, Finite element simulation of collapse and sliding of slope with single weak plane induced by strong earthquake, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 28, SUPPL. 1, pp. 3163-3167, (2009); 
Zheng, Yingren, Analysis and discussion of failure mechanism and fracture surface of slope under earthquake, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 28, 8, pp. 1714-1723, (2009); 
Cao, Yanbo, Discrete element simulation of deformation and movement mechanism for Tangjiashan landslide, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 30, SUPPL. 1, pp. 2878-2887, (2011); 
undefined, (2009); 
Feng, Wenkai, Preliminary study on mechanical mechanism of slope earthquake-induced deformation, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 28, SUPPL. 1, pp. 3124-3130, (2009); 
Rock and Soil Mechanics, (2009); 
Jin, Aibing, Numerical modeling on the dominant frequency and its influence factors of slope dynamic response, Beijing Keji Daxue Xuebao/Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing, 33, 3, pp. 383-387, (2011); 
Li, Shihai, Analysis method for landslide stability, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 28, SUPPL. 2, pp. 3309-3324, (2009); 
Xiao, Shi Guo, Analysis of the effects of slope geometry on the dynamic response of a near-field mountain from the Wenchuan Earthquake, Journal of Mountain Science, 7, 4, pp. 353-360, (2010); 
Introduction to Earthquake Engineering, (1977)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Xu, F.-G., Yang, X.-G., Zhou, Z., Hao, M.-H.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Xu, Fugang (55217483800); Yang, Xingguo (35742406600); Zhou, Jia-wen (14064231100); Hao, Minghui (55444320000)
55217483800; 35742406600; 14064231100; 55444320000
Experimental research on the dam-break mechanisms of the jiadanwan landslide dam triggered by the wenchuan earthquake in China
(2013) Scientific World Journal, 2013, art. no. 272363, Cited 21 times.
DOI: 10.1155/2013/272363
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84879322548&doi=10.1155%2F2013%2F272363&partnerID=40&md5=342fe33f362f2602e4aea3901cbe1db0

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; College of Water Resources and Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Dam breaks of landslide dams are always accompanied by large numbers of casualties, a large loss of property, and negative influences on the downstream ecology and environment. This study uses the Jiadanwan landslide dam, created by the Wenchuan earthquake, as a case study example. Several laboratory experiments are carried out to analyse the dam-break mechanism of the landslide dam. The different factors that impact the dam-break process include upstream flow, the boulder effect, dam size, and channel discharge. The development of the discharge channel and the failure of the landslide dam are monitored by digital video and still cameras. Experimental results show that the upstream inflow and the dam size are the main factors that impact the dam-break process. An excavated discharge channel, especially a trapezoidal discharge channel, has a positive effect on reducing peak flow. The depth of the discharge channel also has a significant impact on the dam-break process. The experimental results are significant for landslide dam management and flood disaster prevention and mitigation. © 2013 Fu-gang Xu et al.
INDEX KEYWORDS: article; earthquake; flooding; landslide; particle size; water flow; building material; China; computer simulation; flow kinetics; methodology; river; theoretical model; water supply; Computer Simulation; Construction Materials; Earthquakes; Landslides; Models, Theoretical; Rheology; Rivers; Water Supply
REFERENCES: Xu, Qiang, Landslide dams triggered by the Wenchuan Earthquake, Sichuan Province, south west China, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 68, 3, pp. 373-386, (2009); 
Li, Yi, Efficient dam break flood simulation methods for developing a preliminary evacuation plan after the Wenchuan Earthquake, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 12, 1, pp. 97-106, (2012); 
Stansby, Peter K., The initial stages of dam-break flow, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 374, pp. 407-424, (1998); 
Naef, D., Comparison of flow resistance relations for debris flows using a one-dimensional finite element simulation model, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 6, 1, pp. 155-165, (2006); 
Singh, Vijay P., Dam breach modeling technology, (1996); 
Xu, Fugang, A mathematical model for forecasting the dam-break flood routing process of a landslide dam, Mathematical Problems in Engineering, 2012, (2012); 
Cui, Peng, The 12 May Wenchuan earthquake-induced landslide lakes: Distribution and preliminary risk evaluation, Landslides, 6, 3, pp. 209-223, (2009); 
Remaître, Alexandre, Influence of check dams on debris-flow run-out intensity, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 8, 6, pp. 1403-1416, (2008); 
Miller, Sky, Dam-break flows in curved channel, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 115, 11, pp. 1465-1478, (1989); 
Bellos, Constantine V., Experimental investigation of two-dimensional dam-break induced flows, Journal of Hydraulic Research/De Recherches Hydrauliques, 30, 1, pp. 47-63, (1992)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS; GREEN ACCEPTED OPEN ACCESS; GREEN OPEN ACCESS

Yang, C., Zhang, J., Zhang, M.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Yang, Changwei (55635393100); Zhang, Jianjing (36669710100); Zhang, Ming (59859180700)
55635393100; 36669710100; 59859180700
A prediction model for horizontal run-out distance of landslides triggered by Wenchuan earthquake
(2013) Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, 12 (2), pp. 201 - 208, Cited 11 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11803-013-0163-3
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84884957846&doi=10.1007%2Fs11803-013-0163-3&partnerID=40&md5=b98e86498fc467d340a15a7599e56c06

AFFILIATIONS: Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Department of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Zhengzhou nuclear Geotechnical Engineering Co., Ltd, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
ABSTRACT: The peak ground acceleration (PGA), the volume of a sliding mass V, the height of a mountain H <inf>L</inf> and the slope angle θ of a mountain are four important parameters affecting the horizontal run-out distance of a landslide L. Correlations among them are studied statistically based on field investigations from 67 landslides triggered by the ground shaking and other factors during the Wenchuan earthquake, and then a prediction model for horizontal run-out distance L is developed in this study. This model gives due consideration to the implications of the above four parameters on the horizontal run-out distance L and the validity of the model is verified by the Donghekou and Magong Woqian landslides. At the same time, the advantages of the model are shown by comparing it with two other common prediction methods. The major findings drawn from the analyses and comparisons are: (1) an exponential relationship exists between L and log V, L and log H <inf>L</inf>, L and log PGA separately, but a negative exponential relationship exists between L and log tanθ, which agrees with the statistical results; and (2) according to the analysis results of the relative relationship between the height of a mountain (H) and the place where the landslides occur, the probabilities at distances of 2H/3-H, H/3-2H/3, and 0-H/3 are 70.8%, 15.4%, and 13.8%, respectively, revealing that most landslides occurred at a distance of H/2-H. This prediction model can provide an effective technical support for the prevention and mitigation of landslide hazards. © 2013 Institute of Engineering Mechanics, China Earthquake Administration and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: landslides; prediction model; relationship; run-out distance; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Field investigation; Negative exponential; Peak ground acceleration; Prediction methods; Prediction model; relationship; Runout distances; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes; Landforms; Mathematical models; Landslides
REFERENCES: Budetta, Paolo, The mobility of some debris flows in pyroclastic deposits of the northwestern Campanian region (southern Italy), Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 63, 4, pp. 293-302, (2004); 
Boore, David M., Strong‐motion seismology, Reviews of Geophysics, 21, 6, pp. 1308-1318, (1983); 
Campbell, Kenneth W., STRONG MOTION ATTENUATION RELATIONS: A TEN-YEAR PERSPECTIVE., Earthquake Spectra, 1, 4, pp. 759-804, (1985); 
Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011); 
Study on Dynamic Response of Donghekou Slope in Qingchuan County Under the Wenchuan Earthquake, (2012); 
Subgrade and Geology of Railway, (1989); 
Huang, Runqiu, Mechanism and geomechanical modes of landslide hazards triggered by Wenchuan 8.0 earthquake, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 28, 6, pp. 1239-1249, (2009); 
Hungr, Oldrich, Two numerical models for landslide dynamic analysis, Computers and Geosciences, 35, 5, pp. 978-992, (2009); 
Mem Geol Soc China, (1987); 
Jiang, Xiaoyu, Contact mechanics model for risk predication of typical landslides, Gongcheng Lixue/Engineering Mechanics, 23, 8, pp. 95-109, (2006)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Pei, X., Huang, R.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Pei, Xiangjun (14058672500); Huang, Runqiu (55835407700)
14058672500; 55835407700
Analysis of characteristics of geological hazards by "4.20" Lushan earthquake in Sichuan, China
(2013) Journal of Chengdu University of Technology (Science and Technology Edition), 40 (3), pp. 257 - 263, Cited 29 times.
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-9727.2013.03.05
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84882959379&doi=10.3969%2Fj.issn.1671-9727.2013.03.05&partnerID=40&md5=6d671a75fe87a6ecbb544d8b6b7eb63d

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: The "4.20" Lushan earthquake is another strong earthquake occurred in the Longmenshan fault zone after the "5.12" Wenchuan earthquake. The Lushan earthquake triggered more than 1800 harmful geological hazards, which increased by 14 percent than before the earthquake. The areas where geological hazards occur high frequently are located in that with VIII and IX grade intensity, including Longmen-Baosheng-Taiping-Shuangshi and Daxi-Lingguan-Zhongba-Muping. The main types of geological hazards include shallow landslides and collapses, rockfall, particularly the collapsed bodies. Their failure mode is vibration-fracturing-sliding, vibration-fracturing- scattered and vibration-eccentric rolling. Besides the earthquake triggering effect the earthquake geological hazards are controlled by the prominent characteristics of steep topography, terrain and elevation amplification effect. And the weak lithology and the strongly weathered unloading rock mass are the material basis of geological hazards. According to the field survey, many geological hazards are directly caused by the earthquake casualties. The range of the earthquake collapse and rockfall danger zone is D<inf>max</inf>= (0.7 -1.3)H<inf>max</inf> and the rockfall movement distance is d<inf>max</inf>≈1. 1404H<inf>max</inf>+6.42. These are consistent with the research results of the Wenchuan earthquake's collapse.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Analysis of hazards; Characteristics; Collapse; Geological hazard; Lushan earthquake; Type
INDEX KEYWORDS: collapse; earthquake event; earthquake trigger; fault zone; hazard assessment; seismic hazard; topography; China; Longmenshan Fault Zone; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Sichuan Lushan Longmen Town More than 99 of Houses Collapsed the Affected Population 1 520 000 N Ol; 
After 4 20 Lushan 7 0 Earthquake the Fourth Installment of Geological Disaster Point Eb Ol; 
Geohazard Assessment of the Wenchuan Earthquake, (2009); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2008); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2008); 
Engineering Geological Analysis Principle, (1994); 
Northwestern Seismological Journal, (2025); 
Feng, Wenkai, Preliminary study on mechanical mechanism of slope earthquake-induced deformation, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 28, SUPPL. 1, pp. 3124-3130, (2009); 
Yin, Yueping, Dynamic response characteristics of Daguangbao landslide triggered by Wenchuan earthquake, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 31, 10, pp. 1969-1982, (2012); 
Large Scale Landslides Induced by the Wenchuan Earthquake, (2009)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Li, W., Huang, R., Xu, Q., Tang, C.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Li, Weile (25936551300); Huang, Runqiu (55835407700); Xu, Qiang (56506033600); Tang, Chuan (35932953300)
25936551300; 55835407700; 56506033600; 35932953300
Rapid prediction of co-seismic landslides triggered by Lushan earthquake, Sichuan, China
(2013) Journal of Chengdu University of Technology (Science and Technology Edition), 40 (3), pp. 264 - 274, Cited 13 times.
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-9727.2013.03.06
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84882934796&doi=10.3969%2Fj.issn.1671-9727.2013.03.06&partnerID=40&md5=ebeb8c11b4f2a4cf4db346bf10bf732c

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: Based on the susceptibility evaluation model of the co-seismic geohazards in the Wenchuan earthquake, this paper adopts 6 influencing factors including the distance from the seismic fault, topographic slope, lithology, the distance from river system, elevation and PGA to make a fast prediction for the spatial distribution of geohazards triggered by the "4.20"Lushan earthquake. The preliminary results suggest that the zones with high susceptibility of co-seismic geohzards are mainly distributed over the rural areas of some counties and cities including Lushan, Baoxing, Tianquan, Ya'an, Yingjing and Qionglai in Sichuan Province, and concentrate in the areas near the seismic fault, that is, the front Longmenshan fault, including Dachuan town, Baosheng village and Shuangshi town of Lushan County, Lingguan town of Baoxing County, and Xiaohe town of Tianquan County.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Landslide; Logistical regression; Lushan earthquake; Prediction; Rapid assessment; Susceptibility
INDEX KEYWORDS: coseismic process; earthquake prediction; earthquake trigger; landslide; regression analysis; risk assessment; rural area; Sichuan earthquake 2008; spatial distribution; China; Sichuan
REFERENCES: M6 6 52 km Wsw of Linqiong China Eb Ol; 
Preliminary Result for Rupture Process of Apr 20 2013 Mw6 7 Earthquake, (2021); 
Fault Rupture of the Apr 20 2013 Lushan Earthquake is about 40 km and the Maximum Displacement is 1 6m Eb Ol; 
There are 5084 Recorded Aftershocks After the Apr 20 2013 Ms 7 0 Lushan Earthquake Eb Ol; 
Press Conference of 4 20 Ms 7 0 Lusan Earthquake Holed by Chinese Information Office of the State Council Eb Ol; 
Preliminary Results of the Fault Rupture Process Inversion Eb Ol; 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2009); 
Huang, Runqiu, Analysis of the geo-hazards triggered by the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake, China, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 68, 3, pp. 363-371, (2009); 
Huang, Runqiu, Development and distribution of geohazards triggered by the 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake in China, Science in China, Series E: Technological Sciences, 52, 4, pp. 810-819, (2009); 
Li, Weile, Gis-based logistic regression for landslide susceptibility mapping of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake region, China, 2, pp. 1839-1844, (2012)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wang, J., Ou, G., Yang, S., Ji, X.-J., Lu, G.-H.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wang, Jun (59449452300); Ou, Guoqiang (8891006800); Yang, Shun (55235532800); Ji, Xianjun (54410739100); Lu, Guihong (55781871700)
59449452300; 8891006800; 55235532800; 54410739100; 55781871700
Study on hazard main-control factors in debris flow-prone areas after Wenchuan Earthquake based on CF method
(2013) Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 45 (SUPPL.1), pp. 18 - 23, Cited 3 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84879717881&partnerID=40&md5=835dd0fb3826d1a7e0611a25d3a7dfd0

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Taking Dujiangyan Shenxi gully as the study area, based on the analysis of post-earthquake debris flow hazard inducing environment, the hazard main-control factors including rich material source and susceptible geomorphology condition were determined, and the impacts of the geomorphology condition including elevation, slop and aspect on debris flow were analyzed quantitatively using certainty coefficient method. Overlaid the study results with material source rich areas, the distribution of the most dangerous areas in Shenxi gully basin were delimited under the action of hazard main-control factors. The study results can provide a reference for analyzing the cause of frequent occurrence of debris flow hazards after the earthquake, and have important guiding significance for hazard assessment and zoning, disaster prevention and mitigation as well as economic construction and layout after the earthquake.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: CF method; Debris flow; Main-control factors; Wenchuan Earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Coefficient methods; Debris flow hazards; Debris flows; Disaster prevention and mitigations; Economic constructions; Guiding significances; Main-control factors; Wenchuan Earthquake; Disaster prevention; Earthquakes; Geomorphology; Hazards; Landforms; Debris
REFERENCES: Journal of Mountain Science, (2009); 
undefined, (1990); 
Journal of Chengdu University of Technology, (2001); 
Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology, (2009); 
Soil and Water Conservation in China, (2011); 
Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, (2002); 
Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis on Line First, (2008); 
Dunhang Research, (2010); 
Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, (1986)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zhou, Z., Cui, P., Fang, H.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhou, Jia-wen (14064231100); Cui, Peng (56706923500); Fang, Hua (59890578000)
14064231100; 56706923500; 59890578000
Dynamic process analysis for the formation of Yangjiagou landslide-dammed lake triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake, China
(2013) Landslides, 10 (3), pp. 331 - 342, Cited 106 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s10346-013-0387-3
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84878539795&doi=10.1007%2Fs10346-013-0387-3&partnerID=40&md5=9ae56735796f3e085a78aa0a35bd37ab

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: The damming of rivers by landslides resulting in the formation of a lake was one of the typical secondary geological hazards triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake which occurred on May 12, 2008. Some landslide-dammed lakes were at a high risk of causing further damage since the rainstorm season was expected soon after the earthquake. Understanding the dynamic processes in the formation of landslide-dammed lakes is helpful in planning the mitigation measures. The Yangjiagou landslide-dammed lake was selected as a case study to investigate the typical processes of dam formation. The dynamic simulation of the formation of the Yangjiagou landslide-dammed lake was divided into two steps: the landslide step and the overflow/overtopping step. Two-dimensional discrete element method (DEM) was adopted to investigate the mechanics of the Yangjiagou landslide. The landslide process was found to be controlled by the bond strength and residual friction coefficient of the DEM models. Computational results show that the formation of the landslide dam took approximately 35 s. The maximum velocity of a typical particle was approximately 26.8 m/s. The shallow-water equation and finite difference method were used to analyze the hydrodynamic mechanisms of the overflow process of the landslide-dammed lake. Computational results show that overflow would have occurred 15.1 h after the river was blocked, and overtopping failure occurs for the landslide dam in the rainstorm season when the water flow is large enough, causing a major disaster. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Dammed lake; Dynamic process; Landslide; Numerical simulation; River blocking; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Computational results; Dynamic process; Geological hazards; Landslide-dammed lakes; Mitigation measures; Overtopping failures; Shallow water equations; Wenchuan Earthquake; Computer simulation; Dynamics; Earthquakes; Equations of motion; Finite difference method; Lakes; Rivers; Storms; Landslides; digital elevation model; discrete element method; dynamic analysis; earthquake damage; failure analysis; hydrodynamics; landslide; numerical model; overtopping; rainstorm; risk assessment; shallow-water equation; Sichuan earthquake 2008; China
REFERENCES: Cepeda, José Mauricio, Procedure for the selection of runout model parameters from landslide back-analyses: Application to the Metropolitan Area of San Salvador, El Salvador, Landslides, 7, 2, pp. 105-116, (2010); 
Chen, Xiaoqing, Emergency response to the Tangjiashan landslide-dammed lake resulting from the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake, China, Landslides, 8, 1, pp. 91-98, (2011); 
Cho, N., A clumped particle model for rock, International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 44, 7, pp. 997-1010, (2007); 
Cui, Peng, The 12 May Wenchuan earthquake-induced landslide lakes: Distribution and preliminary risk evaluation, Landslides, 6, 3, pp. 209-223, (2009); 
Cui, Peng, Landslide-dammed lake at Tangjiashan, Sichuan province, China (triggered by the Wenchuan Earthquake, May 12, 2008): Risk assessment, mitigation strategy, and lessons learned, Environmental Earth Sciences, 65, 4, pp. 1055-1065, (2012); 
Proceedings of the Symposium of the International Society of Rock Mechanics, (1971); 
Cundall, Peter A., A discrete numerical model for granular assemblies, Geotechnique, 29, 1, pp. 47-65, (1979); 
Dai, Fuchu, The 1786 earthquake-triggered landslide dam and subsequent dam-break flood on the Dadu River, southwestern China, Geomorphology, 65, 3-4, pp. 205-221, (2005); 
Davies, Timothy R.H., The role of rock fragmentation in the motion of large landslides, Engineering Geology, 109, 1-2, pp. 67-79, (2009); 
Water Wave Mechanics for Engineers and Scientists, (1991)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Review
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Li, W., Huang, R., Tang, C., Xu, Q., Van Westen, C.J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Li, Weile (25936551300); Huang, Runqiu (55835407700); Tang, Chuan (35932953300); Xu, Qiang (56506033600); Van Westen, Cees J. (6701664942)
25936551300; 55835407700; 35932953300; 56506033600; 6701664942
Co-seismic landslide inventory and susceptibility mapping in the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake disaster area, China
(2013) Journal of Mountain Science, 10 (3), pp. 339 - 354, Cited 48 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11629-013-2471-5
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84878326069&doi=10.1007%2Fs11629-013-2471-5&partnerID=40&md5=e7f14f3867f8f13ec3dc7d0d38e33b6c

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Faculty of Geoinformation Science and Earth Observation, Universiteit Twente, Enschede, Overijssel, Netherlands
ABSTRACT: The Ms 8.0 May 12, 2008 Wenchuan earthquake triggered tens of thousands of landslides. The widespread landslides have caused serious casualties and property losses, and posed a great threat to post-earthquake reconstruction. A spatial database, inventoried 43,842 landslides with a total area of 632 km2, was developed by interpretation of multi-resolution remote sensing images. The landslides can be classified into three categories: swallow, disrupted slides and falls; deep-seated slides and falls, and rock avalanches. The correlation between landslides distribution and the influencing parameters including distance from co-seismic fault, lithology, slope gradient, elevation, peak ground acceleration (PGA) and distance from drainage were analyzed. The distance from co-seismic fault was the most significant parameter followed by slope gradient and PGA was the least significant one. A logistic regression model combined with bivariate statistical analysis (BSA) was adopted for landslide susceptibility mapping. The study area was classified into five categories of landslide susceptibility: very low, low, medium, high and very high. 92.0% of the study area belongs to low and very low categories with corresponding 9.0% of the total inventoried landslides. Medium susceptible zones make up 4.2% of the area with 17.7% of the total landslides. The rest of the area was classified into high and very high categories, which makes up 3.9% of the area with corresponding 73.3% of the total landslides. Although the susceptibility map can reveal the likelihood of future landslides and debris flows, and it is helpful for the rebuilding process and future zoning issues. © 2013 Science Press, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, CAS and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Inventory; Landslide; Logistic regression; Susceptibility mapping; Wenchuan Earthquake
REFERENCES: Aleotti, Pietro, Landslide hazard assessment: Summary review and new perspectives, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 58, 1, pp. 21-44, (1999); 
Ayalew, Lulseged, The application of GIS-based logistic regression for landslide susceptibility mapping in the Kakuda-Yahiko Mountains, Central Japan, Geomorphology, 65, 1-2, pp. 15-31, (2005); 
Akgun, Aykut, A comparison of landslide susceptibility maps produced by logistic regression, multi-criteria decision, and likelihood ratio methods: A case study at İzmir, Turkey, Landslides, 9, 1, pp. 93-106, (2012); 
Bai, Shibiao, GIS-based logistic regression for landslide susceptibility mapping of the Zhongxian segment in the Three Gorges area, China, Geomorphology, 115, 1-2, pp. 23-31, (2010); 
Chen, Zhaohua, Landslide hazard mapping using logistic regression model in Mackenzie Valley, Canada, Natural Hazards, 42, 1, pp. 75-89, (2007); 
Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011); 
Das, Iswar Chandra, Landslide susceptibility assessment using logistic regression and its comparison with a rock mass classification system, along a road section in the northern Himalayas (India), Geomorphology, 114, 4, pp. 627-637, (2010); 
Das, Iswar Chandra, Landslide susceptibility mapping along road corridors in the Indian Himalayas using Bayesian logistic regression models, Geomorphology, 179, pp. 116-125, (2012); 
Dong, J. J., Logistic regression model for predicting the failure probability of a landslide dam, Engineering Geology, 117, 1-2, pp. 52-61, (2011); 
Douglas, John, Earthquake ground motion estimation using strong-motion records: A review of equations for the estimation of peak ground acceleration and response spectral ordinates, Earth-Science Reviews, 61, 1-2, pp. 43-104, (2003)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Ma, C., Hu, K., Tian, M.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Ma, Chao (55580268600); Hu, Kaiheng (55648903800); Tian, Mi (57206275854)
55580268600; 55648903800; 57206275854
Comparison of debris-flow volume and activity under different formation conditions
(2013) Natural Hazards, 67 (2), pp. 261 - 273, Cited 38 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11069-013-0557-6
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84877034875&doi=10.1007%2Fs11069-013-0557-6&partnerID=40&md5=f9c55a513a1f0de713733ad85ecd06ce

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Debris flows frequently occurred in Wenchuan earthquake region from 2008 to 2010, resulting in great damage to localities and being a prolonged threat to reconstruction. Forty three events' data including debris-flow volume, sediment volume and watershed area are analyzed and compared with other debris-flow events in Eastern Italian Alps, burned areas in USA and in Taiwan. The analysis reveals that there is a strong empirical relationship between debris-flow volume and loose materials volume in the earthquake region. In addition, the relationship between debris-flow volume and watershed area in the earthquake region has a wider variation range than that in other three regions while the debris volume also appears to be larger than that in the other three regions, which implies the volume of debris flows with strong influence of earthquakes is larger than that with no such influence and it is hard to predict the post-quake volume only by the watershed area. The comparison of the maximal debris-flow erosion modulus in the Wenchuan region and in Taiwan indicates that debris flows will be very active in a short time after strong earthquake. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flow; Erosion modulus; Loose material volume; Max debris-flow volume; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: debris flow; sediment transport; Sichuan earthquake 2008; soil erosion; Alps; China; Sichuan; Taiwan; United States; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Debris Flow Hazards Mitigation Mechanics Prediction and Assessment, (2000); 
Berti, Matteo, Experimental evidences and numerical modelling of debris flow initiated by channel runoff, Landslides, 2, 3, pp. 171-182, (2005); 
Debris Flow Hazards and Related Phenomena, (2005); 
Chang, Chiwen, Estimation of sediment volume of debris flow caused by extreme rainfall in Taiwan, Engineering Geology, 123, 1-2, pp. 83-90, (2011); 
Chang, Pingyu, An investigation into the debris flow induced by Typhoon Morakot in the Siaolin Area, Southern Taiwan, using the electrical resistivity imaging method, Geophysical Journal International, 188, 3, pp. 1012-1024, (2012); 
Chen, Xingzhang, Characteristics and risk analysis of Qinglin debris flow induced by "5.12" Wenchuan earthquake in Beichuan County, Sichuan, China, International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), 2, pp. II408-II411, (2009); 
Chen, Ningsheng, Impact of earthquake on debris flows - A case study on the wenchuan earthquake, Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami, 5, 5, pp. 493-508, (2011); 
A Record of Sediment Hazards Caused by Typhoon Herb and their Restorations, (1998); 
Coe, Jeffrey A., Initiation conditions for debris flows generated by runoff at Chalk Cliffs, central Colorado, Geomorphology, 96, 3-4, pp. 270-297, (2008); 
Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Debris Flow Hazard Mitigations Mechanics Prediction and Assessment, (2011)
PUBLISHER: Kluwer Academic Publishers
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wang, S.-Y., Liu, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wang, Shaoyu (35338590500); Liu, Jie (55993434400)
35338590500; 55993434400
Modeling the risk assessment of landslide-dammed lakes based on the emergency response measures in Wenchuan earthquake, 2008, China
(2013) Natural Hazards, 67 (2), pp. 523 - 547, Cited 9 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11069-013-0584-3
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84877013589&doi=10.1007%2Fs11069-013-0584-3&partnerID=40&md5=62f78f065f16cc3dac5f4b512ad988cc

AFFILIATIONS: School of Management, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
ABSTRACT: With the rapid development of urbanization and climate change, the frequency and degree of the natural hazards and extreme weather events have increased, such as the earthquake, flood, and torrential rain. And the landslide-dammed lake as the secondary disaster of these hazards has become a major threat to many countries. So from twentieth century, many countries have begun to explore the effective emergency response method to reduce the danger of the landslide-dammed lake to the surrounded environment and people. Particularly in China, with successfully dealing with three high-risk landslide-dammed lakes in recent 10 years, the Chinese government has accumulated a great deal of experience in managing the landslide-dammed lakes. So in this paper, based on the Chinese and many other countries' emergency response experience of successfully managing the landslide-dammed lakes, we build an outburst time-predicted model which can use the Dimensionless blockage index value to predict the outburst time of the landslide-dammed lakes. Based on the urgent time in the process of emergency response to the landslide-dammed lake, we build an integrated risk assessment model with the gray relational analysis and Technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution approach to evaluate the risk value and judge the risk level of the landslide-dammed lake from three aspects (the stability of the landslide-dammed lake, the hydrological environment, and the vulnerability factor of the surrounding environment). These two models can quickly and accurately determine the risk level of landslide-dammed lake in case of lack of complete and detailed data. So it would provide an important reference for government to make the scientific and effective emergency response plan to deal with the extremely high-risk landslide-dammed lake disasters in the future. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Emergency response; Landslide-dammed lake; Risk assessment
INDEX KEYWORDS: disaster management; lake; landslide; modeling; risk assessment; Sichuan earthquake 2008; vulnerability; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Adrc Total Disaster Risk Management, (2005); 
Proc 2nd Int Symp, (1989); 
Casagli, Nicola, Geomorphic analysis of landslide dams in the Northern Apennine, Chikei, 20, 3, pp. 219-249, (1999); 
Earth Science Frontiers, (2008); 
Chen, Xiaoqing, Emergency response to the Tangjiashan landslide-dammed lake resulting from the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake, China, Landslides, 8, 1, pp. 91-98, (2011); 
Costa, John E., FORMATION AND FAILURE OF NATURAL DAMS., Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 100, 7, pp. 1054-1068, (1988); 
US Geological Survey Open File Report, (1991); 
Crichton, David, What can cities do to increase resilience?, Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences, 365, 1860, pp. 2731-2739, (2007); 
Cruden, David M., Landslide types and processes, Special Report - National Research Council, Transportation Research Board, 247, pp. 36-75, (1996); 
Cui, Peng, Distribution and risk analysis of dammed lakes reduced by Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 41, 3, pp. 35-42, (2009)
PUBLISHER: Kluwer Academic Publishers
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Xu, W.-J., Xu, Q., Wang, Y.-J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Xu, Wenjie (55496385700); Xu, Qiang (56506033600); Wang, Yujie (55966721800)
55496385700; 56506033600; 55966721800
The mechanism of high-speed motion and damming of the Tangjiashan landslide
(2013) Engineering Geology, 157, pp. 8 - 20, Cited 82 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2013.01.020
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84875795488&doi=10.1016%2Fj.enggeo.2013.01.020&partnerID=40&md5=d76b1a9f4b3dc4b7aace94c23b11a7a7

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Understanding the mechanisms of landslide failure and resulting damming processes is crucial for constraining the hazard chain associated with landslide damming events. On May 12, 2008, the Wenchuan earthquake caused a large number of secondary hazardous events such as landslides and collapses, most of which occurred in high mountain gorges. In these areas, the sliding distance of landsides is often very short, and the landslides are often characterized by high speed, short distance, and damming. Using the Tangjiashan landslide damming events induced by the Wenchuan Earthquake as a model, this paper reconstructs the three dimensional failure and associated damming caused by the landslide based on a detailed geological investigation of the landslide area and using the dynamic finite element technique. The study proposes a four-stage model for the failure and damming process of the Tangjiashan landslide: earthquake induction and progressive destruction of the slide body, destruction and high-speed sliding of the slide body, slide body impact, disintegration, and river blockage for the formation of a damming body, and vibration compression. The average speed of the Tangjiashan landslide reached a maximum value of 22. m/s about 30. s after the earthquake, and the landslide reached stability about 60. s later. © 2013 .
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Failure mechanism; Landslide dam; Tangjiashan landslide; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Dynamic finite element; Failure mechanism; Geological investigation; Landslide dam; Progressive destruction; Sliding distances; Tangjiashan landslides; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes; Thermoelectricity; Three dimensional; Landslides; dam; dynamic analysis; failure mechanism; finite element method; hazard assessment; landslide; Sichuan earthquake 2008; slope stability; vibration
REFERENCES: Dynamics Mechanism Study of High Speed Landslide, (2003); 
Inc Abaqus Standard User S Manual Abaqus Cae User S Manual Abaqus Keywords Manual Abaqus Theory Manual, (2002); 
Hydrochina Chengdu Engineering Corporation Renovation Plan Feasibility Study Report of Tangjiashan Barrier Dam, (2008); 
Hydrochina Chengdu Engineering Corporation Security Evaluation Report of Tangjiashan Barrier Dam and Soil Slope of Upstream and Downstream, (2008); 
Keefer, David K., Statiscal analysis of an earthquake-induced landslide distribution - The 1989 Loma Prieta, California event, Engineering Geology, 58, 3-4, pp. 231-249, (2000); 
Keefer, David K., Assessing landslide hazards, Science, 316, 5828, pp. 1136-1138, (2007); 
Kuo, Chih-Yu, Simulation of Tsaoling landslide, Taiwan, based on Saint Venant equations over general topography, Engineering Geology, 104, 3-4, pp. 181-189, (2009); 
Liu, Ning, Draining the Tangjiashan barrier lake, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 136, 11, pp. 914-923, (2010); 
Lo, Chiaming, A kinematic model of the Hsiaolin landslide calibrated to the morphology of the landslide deposit, Engineering Geology, 123, 1-2, pp. 22-39, (2011); 
Mousavi, S. Mostafa, Quantitative risk analysis for earthquake-induced landslides-Emamzadeh Ali, Iran, Engineering Geology, 122, 3-4, pp. 191-203, (2011)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Sun, S.-W., Wang, J., Zheng, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Sun, Shuwei (55479098100); Wang, Jiachen (59863413800); Zheng, Jing (36731921000)
55479098100; 59863413800; 36731921000
Analysis of a railway embankment landslide induced by the Wenchuan earthquake, China
(2013) Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, 50 (2), pp. 56 - 60, Cited 11 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11204-013-9210-3
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84884983844&doi=10.1007%2Fs11204-013-9210-3&partnerID=40&md5=453cb9710c2f38cde8aac3f7ff377abf

AFFILIATIONS: China University of Mining & Technology, Beijing, Beijing, China; Northwest Research Institute Co. Ltd of CREC, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
ABSTRACT: An embankment slope in Baoji-Chengdu railway collapsed during the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. This paper presents the local geological and environmental conditions of the embankment landslide, and embankment material properties were determined through field investigations and laboratory tests on reconstituted fill samples. A series of static and pseudo-static analyses were performed to acquire a quantitative assessment of the embankment stability and critical surfaces, and the failure mode of the embankment was investigated through fully coupled nonlinear dynamic analyses. The results show that the failure surface computed by the limit equilibrium method was deeper than observed, and the failure surface configuration obtained by fully coupled dynamic response analysis agreed well with the post-failure observations; however, the computed displacement was a bit large than those observed. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York.
INDEX KEYWORDS: 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Embankment stability; Environmental conditions; Field investigation; Limit equilibrium methods; Pseudo-static analysis; Quantitative assessments; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes; Landslides; Embankments; displacement; dynamic analysis; dynamic response; embankment; environmental conditions; failure analysis; laboratory method; landslide; limit analysis; quantitative analysis; railway; Sichuan earthquake 2008; slope; testing method
REFERENCES: Huang, Runqiu, Development and distribution of geohazards triggered by the 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake in China, Science in China, Series E: Technological Sciences, 52, 4, pp. 810-819, (2009); 
Cui, Peng, The 12 May Wenchuan earthquake-induced landslide lakes: Distribution and preliminary risk evaluation, Landslides, 6, 3, pp. 209-223, (2009); 
Burchfiel, B. Clark, A geological and geophysical context for the Wenchuan earthquake of 12 May 2008, Sichuan, People's Republic of China, GSA Today, 18, 7, pp. 4-11, (2008); 
Wang, Wenneng, Geological and geomorphological precursors of the Chiu-fen-erh-shan landslide triggered by the Chi-chi earthquake in Central Taiwan, Engineering Geology, 69, 1-2, pp. 1-13, (2003); 
Chigira, Masahiro, Geological and geomorphological characteristics of landslides triggered by the 2004 Mid Niigta prefecture earthquake in Japan, Engineering Geology, 82, 4, pp. 202-221, (2006); 
Sato, Hiroshi P., Interpretation of landslide distribution triggered by the 2005 Northern Pakistan earthquake using SPOT 5 imagery, Landslides, 4, 2, pp. 113-122, (2007); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2008); 
Chigira, Masahiro, Landslides induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China, Geomorphology, 118, 3-4, pp. 225-238, (2010); 
Getting Started Guide Canada, (1998); 
Slope Stability and Stabilization Methods, (2002)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Li, M., Zheng, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Li, Ming (55781676400); Zheng, Jing (36731921000)
55781676400; 36731921000
Analysis of development characteristics of slope disease in Wenchuan earthquake disaster area
(2013) Journal of Railway Engineering Society, 30 (5), pp. 12 - 96, Cited 4 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84879711359&partnerID=40&md5=7e9a64d0ee240965ae50ef5a785c4c08

AFFILIATIONS: Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; China Railway Group Limited, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Research purposes: The secondary hazards of the slope happen continuously after the Wenchuan earthquake and they cause big losses. In order to provide theoretical guidance for prevention and reduction of the earthquake disaster, the study was done on the slope disease type, the slope characteristics and the distribution and scale of the slope disease based on the investigation of the slope disease along the Wenchuan-Yingxiu section of the Dujiangyang-Wenchuan Highway, the Chengdu-Guangyuan section of the Baoji-Chengdu Railway and the Chengdu-Kunming Railway. Research conclusions: (1)The 97 slope diseases of six categories were found in the investigated area. Among these diseases, the slide was the serious disease, followed by the landslide and the collapse while there was a little dehris and seldom scattered. The rockfall was common, but its scale was small. (2)The medium loose and broken slope at the higher altitude was generally the potential disease-prone slope. (3)With earthquake effect, the damage degree of slope gradually weakened from the epicenter to the perimeter, it meaned the epicenter was the heavy disaster area, and the slope disease damage gradually decreased with increase of the distance to epicenter. (4)The research results can be used in preventing secondary slope disaster in earthquake disaster areas.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Developmental characteristics; Slope disease; Wenchuan earthquake region
INDEX KEYWORDS: Degree of slope; Development characteristics; Developmental characteristics; Disease damage; Earthquake disaster; Research purpose; Research results; Wenchuan Earthquake; Disaster prevention; Earthquakes; Railroads; Research; Rock bursts; Slope protection; Disasters
REFERENCES: Journal of Railway Engineering Society, (2008); 
Wu, Shuren, Analysis and evaluation of geohazard intensity of the Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China, Geological Bulletin of China, 27, 11, pp. 1900-1906, (2008); 
Earth Science Frontiers, (2009); 
Southwest Highway, (2008); 
Landslidology and Landslide Control Technique, (2024); 
Journal of Institute of Disaster Prevention, (2008); 
Hydrogeology Engineering Geology, (2011); 
High Cut Slope Design and Plant Ddisease Analysis and Prevention, (2011); 
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Technical Code for Building Slope Engineering, (2002)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Chen, X., Cui, P., You, Y., Li, D.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Chen, Xiaoqing (55739112600); Cui, Peng (56706923500); You, Yong (35811595800); Li, Deji (55636148800)
55739112600; 56706923500; 35811595800; 55636148800
Layout methods of control works preventing large scale debris flows in Wenchuan earthquake area
(2013) Shuili Xuebao/Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 44 (5), pp. 586 - 593, Cited 8 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84879178375&partnerID=40&md5=8fd8e249f0c8f7ac489fdaa00ea3ce09

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Debris flows were more active in four years after the Wenchuan earthquake and there were several extra-large occurrences. This paper proposed three types of initiation mechanism of debris flow: burst-style on gentle slope, erosion-style on moderate slope, and soil liquefaction-style on steep slope. Effect of dams on debris flow was also analyzed. The results indicats that the large debris flow would block the mainstream river and the boulders transported into the river might increase the destructive power and the duration of blockage. The dam formed by debris flow would aggravate the disaster in the upstream. Series of layout methods have been proposed based on the formation mechanism of debris flow and its disaster: a layout method of control works preventing debris flow to avoid blocking the main river; the groups of slit-trap dams with different openings in different grades; the groups of check dams stabilizing source soil; and the step-pool architecture formed by boulders in the gully bed. The control work system is designed on the basis of the transport capacity of the mainstream water flow, in which the discharge of debris flow drained by drainage channel is designed to be equal to the transport capacity of the river, and the discharge beyond is distributed to the dam system. Various engineering scientifically share the burden of debris flow. The combination of these methods is expected to modulate large scale debris flow effectively.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Control work; Large scale debris flow; Layout method; Wenchuan Earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Control works; Debris flows; Drainage channels; Formation mechanism; Initiation mechanism; Layout methods; Transport capacity; Wenchuan Earthquake; Dams; Disaster prevention; Earthquakes; Rivers; Soil liquefaction; Debris
REFERENCES: undefined, (2009); 
undefined, (2008); 
Cui, Peng, The Wenchuan Earthquake (May 12, 2008), Sichuan Province, China, and resulting geohazards, Natural Hazards, 56, 1, pp. 19-36, (2011); 
undefined, (2009); 
undefined, (2010); 
undefined, (2011); 
undefined, (2012); 
undefined, (2011); 
undefined, (2010); 
Tang, Chuan, Rainfall-triggered debris flows following the Wenchuan earthquake, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 68, 2, pp. 187-194, (2009)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Xiwei, X.-W., Chen, G.-H., Yu, G., Cheng, J., Tan, X.-B., Zhu, A., Wen, X.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Xiwei, Xu (8246843900); Chen, Guihua (55733464100); Yu, Guihua (7403528699); Cheng, Jia (55347634400); Tan, Xinbin (35184143700); Zhu, Ailan (8969927300); Wen, Xuezez Ze (7201738066)
8246843900; 55733464100; 7403528699; 55347634400; 35184143700; 8969927300; 7201738066
Seismogenic structure of Lushan earthquake and its relationship with Wenchuan earthquake
(2013) Earth Science Frontiers, 20 (3), pp. 11 - 20, Cited 103 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84879169135&partnerID=40&md5=064ae62aaebae5dbf25f47867c6c2ec0

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China; Earthquake Administration of Shanghai, Shanghai, China; Sichuan Earthquake Administration, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: The Lushan earthquake occurred on the southern segment of the Longmenshan thrust belt between the Bayan Har and south China blocks. Field investigations indicated that there is no any earthquake surface rupture zone generated by this earthquake, only secondary surface breaks, such as extensional ground fissures, landslides, bedrock collapses, and liquefactions were found in the epicentral areas, which were caused by slope instability and earthquake vibration. The relocated aftershocks, focal mechanism solutions and surface structural geology further demonstrate that the seismogenic fault of the Lushan earthquake is a blind reverse fault which strikes 212° and dips toward NW with a dip angle of 38°±2°. The upper tip of this blind reverse fault is still at the depth of about 9 km in the upper crust. The structural deformation from above the tip to the ground surface is in accordance with a fault-propagation-anticline model. Besides, the differences in spatial aftershocks' distribution, rupturing process and seismogenic structure suggest that the Wenchuan and Lushan earthquakes are two independent rupturing events occurred along the middle segment and southern segment of the Longmenshan thrust belt, respectively.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Fault-propagation-anticline; Longmenshan thrust belt; Lushan earthquake; Seismogenic fault; Tibetan Plateau
INDEX KEYWORDS: Fault-propagation-anticline; Field investigation; Seismogenic faults; Seismogenic structures; Structural deformation; Thrust belts; Tibetan Plateau; Wenchuan Earthquake; Faulting; Structural geology; Earthquakes
REFERENCES: undefined; 
undefined, (2013); 
undefined, (2013); 
Tapponnier, Paul E., Oblique stepwise rise and growth of the tibet plateau, Science, 294, 5547, pp. 1671-1677, (2001); 
Xiwei, Xu, Normal- and oblique-slip of the 2008 Yutian earthquake: Evidence for eastward block motion, northern Tibetan Plateau, Tectonophysics, 584, pp. 152-165, (2013); 
Acta Geologica Sinica, (2008); 
undefined, (2008); 
undefined, (2010); 
Xiwei, Xu, Coseismic reverse- and oblique-slip surface faulting generated by the 2008 Mw 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Geology, 37, 6, pp. 515-518, (2009); 
Yu, Guihua, Fault-scarp features and cascading-rupture model for the Mw Wenchuan earthquake, eastern Tibetan Plateau, China, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 100, 5 B, pp. 2590-2614, (2010)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zhang, M., Li, B., Wang, B., Wang, X., Ran, J., Shang, T.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhang, Man (55552780900); Li, Bo (57195244409); Wang, Bin (55729701500); Wang, Xuanbo (55754090600); Ran, Jianghong (7005106875); Shang, Tao (54685069100)
55552780900; 57195244409; 55729701500; 55754090600; 7005106875; 54685069100
Small mammal community diversity and its influencing factors in landslides habitat after the Wenchuan earthquake
(2013) Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology, 19 (2), pp. 300 - 304, Cited 5 times.
DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1145.2013.00301
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84878433600&doi=10.3724%2FSP.J.1145.2013.00301&partnerID=40&md5=b20d42f1cca4585308339dd0985c060e

AFFILIATIONS: College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Management Office of Longxi, Hongkoti National Nature Resene, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: In order to evaluate the small mammal community diversity and explore the key factors influencing the community diversity in landslide areas in Longxi-Hongkou National Nature Reserve after the Wenchuan earthquake, investigations were conducted from April to October in 2011 among landslides of 3 different disturbance intensities (Extreme, Moderate, Slight) and an unaffected habitat (Null) as control group. Totally 120 individuals of 12 species, 3 orders and 5 families were captured in 6 375 snap-traps. The main results were as follows: (1) Apodemus draco, Eothenomys melanogaster, Anourosorex squamipes and Niviventer confucianus were the dominant species in Landslide habitats and Null Landslide habitats. (2) The species richness, capture success rate and species diversity were the highest in Null landslide habitat but the lowest in Extreme landslide habitat, and the highest evenness was found in Extreme landslide habitat. (3) The community similarity coefficient was lower with higher disturbance intensity levels, being the lowest between Intense and Moderate. (4) The capture success rate was positively correlated with the remaining tree canopy coverage (r=0.630, P=0.005), shrub coverage (r=0.566, P=0.014) and herb coverage (r=0.522, P=0.026); the number of species was significantly positively correlated with the remaining tree canopy coverage (r=0.612, P=0.007). Our results indicated that the community diversity in moderate and slight landslide habitats had recovered to some extent, but the community diversity in the extreme landslide habitat was still low. Moreover, our results also showed that with more remaining trees and higher coverage of shrubs and herbs in landslide habitats, there will be more species and quantities of small mammals.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Community diversity; Community recovery; Earthquake landslide; Influencing factor; Longxi-Hongkou nature reserve; Small mammal
INDEX KEYWORDS: Anourosorex squamipes; Apodemus; Apodemus draco; Eothenomys melanogaster; Mammalia; Niviventer confucianus
REFERENCES: Ecology, (1974); 
Monroe, Michelle E., The effects of early season and late season prescribed fires on small mammals in a Sierra Nevada mixed conifer forest, Forest Ecology and Management, 236, 2-3, pp. 229-240, (2006); 
Carey, Andrew B., Small mammals in managed, naturally young, and old-growth forests, Ecological Applications, 5, 2, pp. 336-352, (1995); 
Downing, Amy Lynn, Environmental fluctuations induce scale-dependent compensation and increase stability in plankton ecosystems, Ecology, 89, 11, pp. 3204-3214, (2008); 
Ernest, S. K.Morgan, Homeostasis and compensation: The role of species and resources in ecosystem stability, Ecology, 82, 8, pp. 2118-2132, (2001); 
Chase, Mary K., Single species as indicators of species richness and composition in California coastal sage scrub birds and small mammals, Conservation Biology, 14, 2, pp. 474-487, (2000); 
Ecological Responses to the 1980 Eruption of Mount St Helens, (2005); 
Zhang, Shuhua, Soil animal community diversity in the burned areas of the great Xing'an Mountains, China, Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology, 15, 5, pp. 672-676, (2009); 
Acta Ecologica Sinica, (2003); 
Chin J Appl Environ Biol, (2004)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Qian, F., Lin, W., Hu, B., Liu, J., Xiong, M.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Qian, Feng (57201200916); Lin, Wei (55723146100); Hu, Bo (50561334100); Liu, Jingjun (55570096000); Xiong, Mingbiao (55571200300)
57201200916; 55723146100; 50561334100; 55570096000; 55571200300
Predication of river water quality based on gray dynamic model group in Wenchuan earthquake disaster area
(2013) Applied Mechanics and Materials, 316-317, pp. 599 - 605, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.316-317.599
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84876404077&doi=10.4028%2Fwww.scientific.net%2FAMM.316-317.599&partnerID=40&md5=949a0177bc16a4f634db61581b6d0226

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Soil and Water Conservation, Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Hydrology and Water Resources Survey Bureau of Sichuau Province, Chengdu, China; Department of Soil and Water Conservation, Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Ecological Environment Monitoring of Sichuan Province Soil and Water Conservation, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: "5.12 Wenchuan earthquake"triggered floods, landslide, collapse and secondary geological disaster, trigger a new soil and water loss, having the significant influence to the local river water quality.This article through the statistical analysis of minjiang river and jiangyou wenchuan, beichuan station 2006 ~ 2011 water conditions material, discussing the before and after the earthquake disaster areas of river water quality change characteristics. The results showed From ammonia nitrogen source analysis, urban sewage and industrial waste water, agricultural non-point source pollution and earthquake that triggered the new soil and water loss is the main pollution source. Based on the hydrological site total hardness concentration prediction, we can find wenchuan earthquake disaster area total hardness concentration significantly increase trend. © (2013) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Concentration of NH3-N and total hardness; Gray dynamic model group; Water quality prediction; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Agricultural non-point source pollutions; Concentration prediction; Earthquake disaster; Gray dynamic model group; Soil and water loss; Total hardness; Water quality predictions; Wenchuan Earthquake; Disasters; Dynamic models; Earthquakes; Environmental engineering; Hardness; Pollution; Rivers; Sewage; Water hardness; River pollution
REFERENCES: Zhang, Chunmin, Impacts of Wenchuan Earthquake disasters on ecosystem and its spatial pattern: Case study of Qingchuan, Pingwu and Maoxian counties, Shengtai Xuebao, 28, 12, pp. 5833-5841, (2008); 
Inoue, Takakatsu, Prediction of nitrogen oxide concentration by a regression model, Atmospheric Environment, 20, 12, pp. 2325-2337, (1986); 
Environmental Science, (1989); 
Nagy, Hossam M., Prediction of Sediment Load Concentration in Rivers using Artificial Neural Network Model, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 128, 6, pp. 588-595, (2002); 
Environmental Science and Technology, (2004)
CONFERENCE NAME: 2013 International Conference on Energy Engineering and Environmental Engineering, ICEEEE 2013
CONFERENCE DATE: 2013-01-18 through 2013-01-19
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Qian, F., Hu, B., Liu, J., Ming-Biao, X., Heng, H.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Qian, Feng (57201200916); Hu, Bo (50561334100); Liu, Jingjun (55570096000); Ming-Biao, Xiong (57215739646); Heng, Hu (57215739544)
57201200916; 50561334100; 55570096000; 57215739646; 57215739544
Analysis of the river flow and sediment concentration change before and after Wenchuan earthquake
(2013) Applied Mechanics and Materials, 316-317, pp. 236 - 240, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.316-317.236
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84876367423&doi=10.4028%2Fwww.scientific.net%2FAMM.316-317.236&partnerID=40&md5=b2c998bcc2ecc0ab2039573030064c91

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Soil and Water Conservation, Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Ecological Environment Monitoring of Sichuan Province Soil and Water Conservation, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
ABSTRACT: Wenchuan earthquake triggered floods, landslide, collapse and secondary geological disaster,trigger a new soil and water loss, having the significant influence to the local river water quality.According to shaba and jiangyou station 2006 January to 2011 December flow and sediment concentration data for statistical analysis, this paper discusses the disaster area river water and sediment changes on the influence of river water quality before and after the earthquake. Results show that,the monthly average flow change trend does not take place obvious change before and after the earthquake,during the earthquake the monthly average sediment concentration is higher than any other in the same period of monthly average sediment concentration,jiangyou station and shaba station the average daily flow rate on May has no obvious change before and after earthquake, the earthquake for different regional influence is different, different regions of different section of the average sediment coefficient has certain space diversity,in jiangyou station the average sediment coefficient before the earthquake is more than the average sediment coefficient after the earthquake but the change of average sediment coefficient in shaba station was not significant before and after the earthquake. © (2013) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Flow; Sediment concentration and water environment; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Flow; Geological disaster; River water quality; Sediment changes; Sediment concentration; Soil and water loss; Water environments; Wenchuan Earthquake; Environmental engineering; Rivers; Sedimentation; Sedimentology; Sediments; Stream flow; Water quality; Earthquakes
REFERENCES: Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute, (2010); 
Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology, (2007); 
Pittet, Didier, Effectiveness of a hospital-wide programme to improve compliance with hand hygiene, The Lancet, 356, 9238, pp. 1307-1312, (2000); 
Journal of Sichuan Normal University Nature Science, (2009); 
Regional Water Environment and Ecological Environment Quality Evaluation Association Evaluation Theory and Application M, (1999); 
Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin; 
Riverbed Evolution, (1987)
CONFERENCE NAME: 2013 International Conference on Energy Engineering and Environmental Engineering, ICEEEE 2013
CONFERENCE DATE: 2013-01-18 through 2013-01-19
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Chen, Z., Lei, T.-W., Yan, Q., Hu, H., Xiong, M., Li, Z.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Chen, Zhanpeng (55541285100); Lei, Tingwu (55823880800); Yan, Qinghong (35294236200); Hu, Heng (55541306100); Xiong, Mingbiao (55571200300); Li, Zhenlin (55542338200)
55541285100; 55823880800; 35294236200; 55541306100; 55571200300; 55542338200
Measuring and calculation methods for landslide volume with 3-D laser scanner in Wenchuan earthquake area
(2013) Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 29 (8), pp. 135 - 144, Cited 22 times.
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.08.016
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84877301258&doi=10.3969%2Fj.issn.1002-6819.2013.08.016&partnerID=40&md5=ba45ff576e9f372e245849967553c911

AFFILIATIONS: College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yangling, Shaanxi, China; Ecological Environment Monitoring of Sichuan Province Soil and Water Conservation, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
ABSTRACT: The earthquake of moment magnitude (M) 8.0 in Wenchuan, Sichuan Province, on May 12th, 2008 produced massive loose landslides, responsible for failure of agricultural land and damage of farmland facilities, which caused a heavy loss of agricultural economy and threatened the production security of agricultural in earthquake area. In this study, typical landslides were chosen to measure volumes with geometry models. The landslide in Caopo Village, Wenchuan County, as measured by using 3-D laser scanner, was used to do measurement and computational processes. The 3-D laser scanner is HDS-ScanStation2, Leica Company, and its scanning distance reaches as far as 300 m, with an distance measurement accuracy of ±4 mm and a resolution of ±6 mm at 50 m. The scanner was set up in front of the slope of the landslide to be measured. The distances from the scanner to the near end and the far end of the landslide were 25.74 m and 79.00 m, respectively. The scan grid was set to be 20.0 cm in horizontal and 20.0 cm in vertical. The actual scan grid of the measured landslide was 2.6 cm×2.6 cm at the near end and 7.9 cm×7.9 cm at the far end, respectively. The landslide surface and its surrounding terrain were accurately scanned on-site by the 3-D laser scanner. The measured landslide was divided into two parts according to its scanned surface features. The original terrain data of the valley were used to determine the bottom planes of the landslide, including horizontal and the hillslope. The horizontal boundary was determined by the original landscape and hillslope bottom was approximated by fitting the hillslope. Based on the data points measured by scanner, the planes were fitted with eigenvalue method. The geometry model of landslide was formulated in the 3-D coordinate system by the measured data. The volume of the landslide was estimated to be 19018 m3. The method was verified with the value calculated by the built-in method of the 3-D laser scanner. The result shows that the value calculated by the method suggested was 7.3% higher than that by the build-in method. The reasonable accuracy of the method shows that the volume of landslides can be measured reliably by the method. The method and procedures for measuring the landslide volume with 3-D laser scanner provide an important basis for methods and measures of land consolidation of earthquake damaged farmland after the disaster.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: 3D laser scanner; Earthquake-triggered landslides; Earthquakes; Measurements; Models; Wenchuan
INDEX KEYWORDS: 3D laser scanners; Agricultural economy; Computational process; Earthquake-triggered landslides; Land consolidations; Reasonable accuracy; Wenchuan; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes; Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions; Farms; Landforms; Laser applications; Measurements; Models; Scanning; Three dimensional; Landslides
REFERENCES: Wang, Weimin, Rupture process of the MS 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake of Sichuan, China, Acta Geophysica Sinica, 51, 5, pp. 1403-1410, (2008); 
Burchfiel, B. Clark, A geological and geophysical context for the Wenchuan earthquake of 12 May 2008, Sichuan, People's Republic of China, GSA Today, 18, 7, pp. 4-11, (2008); 
Earth Science Frontiers, (2009); 
Yin, Yueping, Landslide hazards triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China, Landslides, 6, 2, pp. 139-152, (2009); 
Xu, Zhanjun, Land consolidation technology of damaged farmland in Wenchuan seismic disastrous area, Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 26, 7, pp. 307-311, (2010); 
Xue, Yongsen, Security evaluation and measures of land arrangements in Sichuan seismic region, Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 26, 5, pp. 288-294, (2010); 
Zhang, Bing, Estimating soil erosion changes in the Wenchuan earthquake disaster area using geo-spatial information technology, Journal of Applied Remote Sensing, 3, 1, (2009); 
Chang, Dongsheng, Simulation of the erosion process of landslide dams due to overtopping considering variations in soil erodibility along depth, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 10, 4, pp. 933-946, (2010); 
Di, Baofeng, Quantifying the spatial distribution of soil mass wasting processes after the 2008 earthquake in Wenchuan, China. A case study of the Longmenshan area, Remote Sensing of Environment, 114, 4, pp. 761-771, (2010); 
Yang, Xiaojun, Using multi-temporal remote sensor imagery to detect earthquake-triggered landslides, International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 12, 6, pp. 487-495, (2010)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Li, X.-X., Ma, H.-J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Li, Xiaoxuan (55932111200); Ma, Haijian (35262530900)
55932111200; 35262530900
Risk assessment of earthquake-induced collapses and slides based on logistic model for the case of Wenchuan county
(2013) Earthquake, 33 (2), pp. 63 - 70, Cited 0 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84887848515&partnerID=40&md5=08fad2bbff6a1a46de1e3cad9a2a6d6e

AFFILIATIONS: National Earthquake Infrastructure Service, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Earthquake-induced collapses and slides are one of the geological disasters that can seriously endanger human life after earthquakes. In this article we select as study area the heavily devastated area Wenchuan county in the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. Risk assessment of earthquake-induced collapses and slides is based on remote sensing data and GIS method, combined with the geological environment background of the study area. Logistic regression model was selected and the study area is ultimately categorized into five classes, namely, not dangerous, slightly dangerous, dangerous, more dangerous, extremely dangerous.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Earthquake-induced collapse and slide; Logistical model; Risk assessment; The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: earthquake damage; earthquake mechanism; GIS; landslide; remote sensing; risk assessment; satellite data; Sichuan earthquake 2008; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: undefined, (2008); 
undefined, (2008); 
undefined, (2004); 
undefined, (2004); 
undefined, (2007); 
undefined, (2009); 
undefined, (2009); 
HONG, Yang, Predicting global landslide spatiotemporal distribution: Integrating landslide susceptibility zoning techniques and real-time satellite rainfall estimates, International Journal of Sediment Research, 23, 3, pp. 249-257, (2008); 
undefined, (2003); 
undefined, (2010)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Liu, C., Yao, L., Du, C., Yang, Q.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Liu, Cuirong (55496410200); Yao, Lingkan (7201688064); Du, Cui (55648901900); Yang, Qinghua (7404076024)
55496410200; 7201688064; 55648901900; 7404076024
Experimental research on criteria and disaster-forming patterns of damming large river by debris flow in earthquake disaster areas
(2013) Tumu Gongcheng Xuebao/China Civil Engineering Journal, 46 (SUPPL.1), pp. 146 - 152, Cited 3 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84879726716&partnerID=40&md5=f36916abf6e08e9046081c01c9f9f847

AFFILIATIONS: Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Post-earthquake, in flood season mud-rock flow is one of the most active disaster species, disasters events of damming rivers by debris flow is increasing. This paper studies the typical events of damming river by debris flow after the Wenchuan earthquake. The features and disaster chain of the river-blocked by post-earthquake debris flow are proposed. In the Minjiang river, most of events are partially damming the main river as a barrier dam. Using flume experiments, reappearing of damming large river by debris flow with high density viscous debris flow and intersection angle is 90 degrees. The experimental results show that the thrust force of the follow-up debris flow is a main dynamic force driving the debris flow in the main river; Total volume of debris flows is an important effect on damming large river, which become seriously with the volume of debris flow increasing; In the process of debris flow damming river, when damming coefficient R increasing, velocity of main river firstly increases and then decreases, when R less than 0.8, the lost material of debris flow is very little, head-water level is increasing linearly; When R more than or equal to 0.8, the lost material of debris flow become seriously, head-water level is increasing exponentially. Based on the importance of the damming coefficient R for forecasting hazard and the model test data, the criteria of large river damming by debris flow are proposed. Depend on the disaster phenomenon caused by the raising of head-water level. The equation of calculate the value of head-water level is given, which propose a method for calculate the value of scopes of back up water level.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Damming coefficient; Debris flow; Flume experiment; The earthquake disaster areas
INDEX KEYWORDS: Damming coefficient; Debris flows; Earthquake disaster; Experimental research; Flume experiment; Intersection angles; Viscous debris flows; Wenchuan Earthquake; Disasters; Earthquakes; Experiments; Rivers; Water levels; Debris
REFERENCES: Journal of Engineering Geology, (2010); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2008); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2010); 
Guo, Zhixue, Experimental study on parameters affecting the river-blocking due to debris flow, Shuili Xuebao/Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 11, (2004); 
Study on Sediment, (2002); 
undefined, (2000); 
undefined, (1992); 
Liu, Cuirong, Study on features of river-blocked by debris flow and criterion of disaster at the opposite river bank, Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 44, 5, pp. 93-100, (2012)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Qiu, Y., Yao, L., Xu, G.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Qiu, Yanling (55497497900); Yao, Lingkan (7201688064); Xu, Guangxing (55781867300)
55497497900; 7201688064; 55781867300
Remediation technology for retaining wall based on seismic damage mechanism
(2013) Tumu Gongcheng Xuebao/China Civil Engineering Journal, 46 (SUPPL.1), pp. 160 - 165, Cited 1 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84879712463&partnerID=40&md5=ef1d445f0f0d4e3e1a87aa20d5aafd20

AFFILIATIONS: Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, Beijing, China; Hebei Engineering Research Center for Traffic Emergency and Guarantee, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
ABSTRACT: The rapid post-seismic damage evaluation of structures, and the reasonable implementation of remediation measures were important links for disaster reduction. Through a 5-flood-season's investigation of the remediation engineering at typical deformation sites in seismic areas, the key points of making treatment projects were proposed for different deformation modes of retaining walls. The primary results are: There were two deformation modes of seismic damage for retaining walls, inclined deformation and sliding deformation. The inclined retaining walls could still bear the soil pressure after the earthquake. The lateral strengthening could effectively control development of the deformation, as well as make the overall stability and the foundation stress meet the code requirement. There was a critical value for the sliding retaining walls. Lower than the critical value, the deformation could be seen as the result of seismic soil pressure; while lager than it, the deformation was considered to be the result of landslide. Rapid criterion for distinguishing the two results became the key points of formulating remediation scheme. Therefore, displacement regression model of Wenchuan earthquake was established, and deformation calculation method corresponding to the critical state of conversion to landslide was derived based on Newmark theory. The criterion for assessing whether work sites convert to landslide according to the measured value of retaining walls was established.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Deformation; Remediation technology; Retaining wall; Seismic damage mechanism
INDEX KEYWORDS: Deformation calculation; Overall stabilities; Remediation measures; Remediation technologies; Seismic damage; Seismic soil pressure; Sliding deformation; Wenchuan Earthquake; Critical current density (superconductivity); Earthquakes; Failure (mechanical); Landslides; Pollution; Regression analysis; Remediation; Retaining walls; Deformation
REFERENCES: Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong University Natural Science, (2010); 
undefined, (2006); 
undefined, (2004); 
Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong University Natural Science Edition, (2010); 
undefined, (2008); 
Newmark, Nathan M., Effects of earthquakes on dams and embankments, Geotechnique, 15, 2, pp. 139-160, (1965); 
Ambraseys, Nicholas N., Earthquake‐induced ground displacements, Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 16, 7, pp. 985-1006, (1988); 
Jibson, Randall W., Analysis of the seismic origin of landslides: examples from the New Madrid seismic zone, Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 105, 4, pp. 521-536, (1993); 
Jibson, Randall W., A method for producing digital probabilistic seismic landslide hazard maps, Engineering Geology, 58, 3-4, pp. 271-289, (2000); 
Romeo, Roberto Walter, Seismically induced landslide displacements: A predictive model, Engineering Geology, 58, 3-4, pp. 337-351, (2000)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wang, L., Tian, B., Masoud, A., Koike, K.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wang, Ling (36816548400); Tian, Bingwei (24376970400); Masoud, Alaa Ahmed (7005151081); Koike, Katsuaki (57219664247)
36816548400; 24376970400; 7005151081; 57219664247
Relationship between remotely sensed vegetation change and fracture zones induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, China
(2013) Journal of Earth Science, 24 (2), pp. 282 - 296, Cited 14 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s12583-013-0329-y
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84876168236&doi=10.1007%2Fs12583-013-0329-y&partnerID=40&md5=eca4eaedf3123f242262b07ae39bf674

AFFILIATIONS: Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, Japan; Chengdu Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Department of Urban Management, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Tanta, Gharbia, Egypt
ABSTRACT: The Wenchuan (Chines Source) earthquake triggered cascading disasters of landslides and debris flows that caused severe vegetation damage. Fracture zones can affect geodynamics and spatial pattern of vegetation damage. A segment tracing algorithm method was applied for identifying the regional fracture system through lineament extractions from a shaded digital elevation model with 25 m mesh for southern Wenchuan. Remote sensing and geographic information system techniques were used to analyze the spatiotemporal vegetation pattern. The relationship between vegetation type identified from satellite images and lineament density was used to characterize the distribution patterns of each vegetation type according to fracture zones. Broad-leaved forest, mixed forest, and farmland persist in areas with moderate lineament density. Deciduous broad-leaved and coniferous forest persists in less fractured areas. Shrub and meadow seem to be relatively evenly distributed across all lineament densities. Meadow, farmland, and shrub persist in the fractured areas. Changes of spatial structure and correlation between vegetation patterns before and after the earthquake were examined using semivariogram analysis of normalized difference vegetation indices derived from Landsat enhanced thematic mapper images. The sill values of the semivariograms show that the spatial heterogeneity of vegetation covers increased after the earthquake. Moreover, the anisotropic behaviors of the semivariograms coincide with the vegetation changes due to the strikes of fracture zones. © 2013 China University of Geosciences and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: fracture zone; geostatistics; lineament; remote sensing; vegetation pattern
INDEX KEYWORDS: algorithm; digital elevation model; fracture zone; geodynamics; geostatistics; GIS; Landsat thematic mapper; lineament; NDVI; remote sensing; satellite imagery; Sichuan earthquake 2008; spatiotemporal analysis; vegetation cover; vegetation dynamics; vegetation type; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Brown, Daniel G., Predicting vegetation types at treeline using topography and biophysical disturbance variables, Journal of Vegetation Science, 5, 5, pp. 641-656, (1994); 
Spatial Database of 1 500 000 Digital Geological Map of the People S Republic of China, (1996); 
Clark, Christopher D., Spatial analysis of lineaments, Computers and Geosciences, 20, 7-8, pp. 1237-1258, (1994); 
Chigira, Masahiro, Landslides induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China, Geomorphology, 118, 3-4, pp. 225-238, (2010); 
Structural Geology of Rocks and Regions, (1984); 
Fan, Jianrong, Rapid assessment of secondary disasters induced by the wenchuan earthquake, Computing in Science and Engineering, 12, 1, pp. 10-19, (2010); 
Gabr, Safwat S., Detecting areas of high-potential gold mineralization using ASTER data, Ore Geology Reviews, 38, 1-2, pp. 59-69, (2010); 
Garrigues, Sébastien, Quantifying spatial heterogeneity at the landscape scale using variogram models, Remote Sensing of Environment, 103, 1, pp. 81-96, (2006); 
Climatic and Environmental Research, (2000); 
Hara, Masatoshi, Vegetation structure in relation to micro-landform in an evergreen broad-leaved forest on Amami Ohshima Island, south-west Japan, Ecological Research, 11, 3, pp. 325-337, (1996)
PUBLISHER: China University of Geosciences
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Chen, N.-S., Lu, Y., Deng, M.-F., Han, D.-W., Zhou, H.-B., Yang, C.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Chen, Ningsheng (8726157200); Lu, Yang (57198798397); Deng, Mingfeng (36668370200); Han, Dawei (55480762900); Zhou, Haibo (55623468400); Yang, Chenglin (55646442300)
8726157200; 57198798397; 36668370200; 55480762900; 55623468400; 55646442300
Comparative study on debris flow initiation in limestone and sandstone spoil
(2013) Journal of Mountain Science, 10 (2), pp. 190 - 198, Cited 5 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11629-013-2594-8
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84876002421&doi=10.1007%2Fs11629-013-2594-8&partnerID=40&md5=0c37a7cb5df1de45591d7ea881efa87e

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
ABSTRACT: Large spoil tips from reconstruction works as a result of the Wenchuan Earthquake in China are new debris flow hazards to the human society. However, there is a lack of detailed comparative study on debris flow initiation in different spoil materials. This paper describes a series of tests and analyses on debris flow characteristics (initiation, scale and mechanism) at six sites with limestone and sandstone materials near the Dujiangyan area. Research shows the limestone spoil contains debris flow prone clay content with high concentration of montmorillonite (highly expandable). In addition, limestone spoil is of such a low permeability that water mainly concentrates in the upper surface layer. Those factors make it easy for the increase of pore water pressure, decline of internal friction and conhesion force, leading to the occurence of large debris flows. In contrast, the sandstone spoil is less problematic and causes no major debris flow threats. Based on our research on the mechanism, the"stereometric drainage"method is sucessfully applied to control limestone spoil debris flows. © 2013 Science Press, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, CAS and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Comparative study; Debris flows; Initiation mechanism; Mitigation measures; Reconstruction spoil
REFERENCES: Beroya, M. A.A., Insight into the effects of clay mineralogy on the cyclic behavior of silt-clay mixtures, Engineering Geology, 106, 3-4, pp. 154-162, (2009); 
Bishop, Alan W., The stability of tips and spoil heaps, Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology, 6, 3-4, pp. 335-376, (1973); 
Graduate University of Chinese of Sciences, (2006); 
Chen, N. Sh, The processes and mechanism of failure and debris flow initiation for gravel soil with different clay content, Geomorphology, 121, 3-4, pp. 222-230, (2010); 
Ming Research and Development, (2010); 
Journal of Geological Hazards and Environment Preservation, (2010); 
Dolinar, Bojana, The impact of structure on the undrained shear strength of cohesive soils, Engineering Geology, 92, 1-2, pp. 88-96, (2007); 
Debris Flow Hazards Mitigation Mechanics Prediction and Assessment, (2000); 
Iverson, Richard M., Dynamic pore-pressure fluctuations in rapidly shearing granular materials, Science, 246, 4931, pp. 796-799, (1989); 
Iverson, Richard M., Debris-flow mobilization from landslides, Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 25, pp. 85-138, (1997)
PUBLISHER: Science Press
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Cui, P., Xiang, L.-Z., Zou, Q.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Cui, Peng (56706923500); Xiang, Lingzhi (36195988600); Zou, Qiang (57203216238)
56706923500; 36195988600; 57203216238
Risk assessment of highways affected by debris flows in Wenchuan earthquake area
(2013) Journal of Mountain Science, 10 (2), pp. 173 - 189, Cited 56 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11629-013-2575-y
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84875981092&doi=10.1007%2Fs11629-013-2575-y&partnerID=40&md5=fd88f06b3ce2223a4ed9751372e5a664

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, Chongqing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Environmental Engineering and Resources, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Since the Wenchuan earthquake in China on May 12th, 2008, highways in earthquake-affected areas have been frequently interrupted by debris flows. We analyzed the hazard effect modes and damage processes along highways and developed three key indexes, scale of debris flows, deposits on highways and river blockage, to describe quantitatively the highway disasters. By combining the empirical methods and the actual terrain conditions, we proposed new methods to determine the value of hazard indexes. In addition, we used the economic value and resistance of highway as vulnerability assessment indexes, then determined the specific subindexes for the subgrade, bridges and culverts, and developed a way for the quantified vulnerability zoning. Moreover, we proposed the assessment and mapping methods for highway risk. The risk is described into 5 grades: extremely low risk, low risk, middle risk, high risk and extremely high risk. We applied these methods in a case study carried out on provincial highway S303 from Yingxiu Town to Wolong Town, in Wenchuan County. Analysis of debris flow risk for the whole highway, showed that the total length of highway in extremely low risk area was 28. 26 km, 4. 83 km in low risk area, 8. 0 km in middle risk area, 3. 65 km in high risk area, and 3. 06 km in extremely high risk area. The assessment results are consistent with the field survey data which reflected the disaster situation. This risk method can be used objectively to evaluate the debris-flow risk along highways, and is useful for highway reconstruction in mountainous areas suffering from active debris flows. © 2013 Science Press, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, CAS and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flow; Hazard analysis; Highway disaster; Risk analysis; Vulnerability analysis; Wenchuan earthquake
REFERENCES: Australian Geomechanics, (2007); 
Arksey, Ron, Example of a debris-flow risk analysis from Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada, Landslides, 5, 1, pp. 121-126, (2008); 
Budetta, Paolo, Risk assessment from debris flows in pyroclastic deposits along a motorway, Italy, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 61, 4, pp. 293-301, (2002); 
Science in China Series E Technological Sciences, (2003); 
Cui, Peng, Characteristics of debris-flow activity and strategy of hazards mitgation along highways in Tibet (Xizang Autonomous Region), International Conference on Debris-Flow Hazards Mitigation: Mechanics, Prediction, and Assessment, Proceedings, 2, pp. 1281-1289, (2003); 
Cui, Peng, The 12 May Wenchuan earthquake-induced landslide lakes: Distribution and preliminary risk evaluation, Landslides, 6, 3, pp. 209-223, (2009); 
Cui, Peng, Characteristics and countermeasures of debris flow in Wenchuan area after the earthquake, Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 42, 5, pp. 10-19, (2010); 
Cui, Peng, Prediction of debris-flow danger area by combining hydrological and inundation simulation methods, Journal of Mountain Science, 8, 1, pp. 1-9, (2011); 
Devoli, Graziella, Statistical analysis of landslide events in Central America and their run-out distance, Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, 27, 1, pp. 23-42, (2009); 
deWolfe, Victor G., Effective mitigation of debris flows at Lemon Dam, La Plata County, Colorado, Geomorphology, 96, 3-4, pp. 366-377, (2008)
PUBLISHER: Science Press
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zhang, S., Zhang, L.M., Chen, H.X., Yuan, Q., Pan, H.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhang, Shuai (55092670700); Zhang, Limin Min (58883008100); Chen, Hongxin (55089538300); Yuan, Quan (55905398400); Pan, Hua (12808256700)
55092670700; 58883008100; 55089538300; 55905398400; 12808256700
Changes in runout distances of debris flows over time in the Wenchuan earthquake zone
(2013) Journal of Mountain Science, 10 (2), pp. 281 - 292, Cited 51 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11629-012-2506-y
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84875972440&doi=10.1007%2Fs11629-012-2506-y&partnerID=40&md5=984653a94251e03919049872038fdea2

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
ABSTRACT: A large number of debris flows occurred in the Wenchuan earthquake zone after the 12 May 2008 earthquake. The risks posed by these debris flows were rather high. An appropriate model is required to predict the possible runout distance and impacted area. This paper describes a study on the runout characteristics of the debris flows that occurred in the Wenchuan earthquake zone over the past four years. A total of 120 debris flows are analyzed. Separate multivariate regression models are established for the runout distances of hill-slope debris flows and channelized debris flows. The control variables include type of debris flow, debris flow volume, and elevation difference. Comparison of the debris flows occurring before and after the earthquake shows that the runout distance increased after the earthquake due to sufficient material supply and increased mobility of the source materials. In addition, the runout distances of annual debris flow events in 2008, 2010 and 2011 are analyzed and compared. There is a tendency that the runout distance decreases over time due to the decreasing source material volume and possible changes of debris flow type. Comparison between the debris flows in the earthquake zone and the debris flows in Swiss Alps, Canada, Austria, and Japan shows that the former have a smaller mobility. © 2013 Science Press, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, CAS and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flow; Landslide; Rainfall; Risk assessment; Runout distance; Wenchuan earthquake
REFERENCES: Chang, Dongsheng, Field testing of erodibility of two landslide dams triggered by the 12 May Wenchuan earthquake, Landslides, 8, 3, pp. 321-332, (2011); 
Chen, Hongxin, Mechanisms and runout characteristics of the rainfall-triggered debris flow in Xiaojiagou in Sichuan Province, China, Natural Hazards, 62, 3, pp. 1037-1057, (2012); 
Chen, Jinnchyi, Geomorphic characteristics of hillslope and channelized debris flows: A case study in the Shitou area of central Taiwan, Journal of Mountain Science, 6, 3, pp. 266-273, (2009); 
Corominas, Jordi, The angle of reach as a mobility index for small and large landslides, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 33, 2, pp. 260-271, (1996); 
Chinese Debris Flow, (2000); 
Cui, Peng, Prediction of debris-flow danger area by combining hydrological and inundation simulation methods, Journal of Mountain Science, 8, 1, pp. 1-9, (2011); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2003); 
Hu, Xiewen, Developmental features and evaluation of blocking dangers of Dashui Ditch debris flow in Tangjiashan dammed lake, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 28, 4, pp. 850-858, (2009); 
Hutchinson, John Neville, General report: morphological and geotechnical parameters of landslides in relation to geology and hydrogeology, pp. 3-35, (1988); 
Hunter, Gavan J., Travel distance angle for "rapid" landslides in constructed and natural soil slopes, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 40, 6, pp. 1123-1141, (2003)
PUBLISHER: Science Press
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wang, G., Huang, R., Kamai, T., Zhang, F.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wang, Gonghui (8532560900); Huang, Runqiu (55835407700); Kamai, Toshitaka (7003797392); Zhang, Fanyu Yu (10140440200)
8532560900; 55835407700; 7003797392; 10140440200
The internal structure of a rockslide dam induced by the 2008 Wenchuan (Mw7.9) earthquake, China
(2013) Engineering Geology, 156, pp. 28 - 36, Cited 45 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2013.01.004
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84875536528&doi=10.1016%2Fj.enggeo.2013.01.004&partnerID=40&md5=3edb9f89d28f0e8f4853d0b4f6252c2b

AFFILIATIONS: Research Centre on Landslides, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan; State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: The internal structure of landslide dams plays a key role in their stability; however, it has not been much studied, probably due to the difficulty in obtaining information on internal structure in most cases. Here, we examined the shear-wave-velocity structure of a rockslide dam by a surface-wave technique called multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW). During the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake (M<inf>w</inf>7.9), more than 60,000 landslides were triggered and 800 landslide dams formed. Those dams with a high risk of collapse threatened rescue activities, and almost all of the large landslide dams were treated by digging a sluiceway immediately after the earthquake. Although the risk of collapse of many landslide dams was removed or lowered, not all of the countermeasures were based on well controlled methods. To analyze the internal of landslide dams to assist in carrying out reliable countermeasures, we made detailed investigations on some of the dams, and here describe one landslide dam that occurred in the Tianchi area. Grain-size analysis revealed that the displaced landslide materials experienced fragmentation and segregation during the long movement. The shear-wave-velocity profile of the dam revealed that the dam consisted of three facies (carapace, body and basal facies). The boundary between facies is distinct. The body facies had a greater shear-wave velocity (compared to those landside dams that had suffered collapse failure during the construction of a sluiceway), showing that the dam consisted of more densely deposited materials. This kind of dam body had a lower permeability, capable of retarding seepage that triggers collapse failure of the dam body due to piping. Big blocks on the surface also enabled the dam body to have greater resistance to overflow and thus reducing possible collapse failure in the immediate aftermath of overtopping. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: 2008 Wenchuan earthquake; Grain size distribution; Internal structure; Landslide dam; Stability of landslide dam
INDEX KEYWORDS: 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Deposited materials; Grain size distribution; Grain-size analysis; Internal structure; Landslide dam; Multi-channel analysis of surface waves; Shear-wave velocity; Earthquakes; Failure (mechanical); Grain size and shape; Landslides; Shear waves; Surface waves; Dams; collapse structure; dam; dam failure; grain size; landslide; permeability; risk assessment; rockfall; S-wave; Sichuan earthquake 2008; size distribution; stability analysis; structural analysis; velocity structure; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Burchfiel, B. Clark, Tectonics of the Longmen Shan and Adjacent Regions, Central China, International Geology Review, 37, 8, pp. 661-735, (1995); 
Burchfiel, B. Clark, A geological and geophysical context for the Wenchuan earthquake of 12 May 2008, Sichuan, People's Republic of China, GSA Today, 18, 7, pp. 4-11, (2008); 
Casagli, Nicola, Geomorphic analysis of landslide dams in the Northern Apennine, Chikei, 20, 3, pp. 219-249, (1999); 
Casagli, Nicola, Determining grain size distribution of the material composing landslide dams in the Northern Apennines: Sampling and processing methods, Engineering Geology, 69, 1-2, pp. 83-97, (2003); 
Chigira, Masahiro, Landslides induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China, Geomorphology, 118, 3-4, pp. 225-238, (2010); 
Costa, John E., FORMATION AND FAILURE OF NATURAL DAMS., Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 100, 7, pp. 1054-1068, (1988); 
US Geological Survey Open File Report, (1991); 
Natural and Artificial Rockslide Dams Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences, (2011); 
Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011); 
Natural and Artificial Rockslide Dams, (2011)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Qian, F., Hu, B., Liu, J., Lin, W., Xiong, M.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Qian, Feng (57201200916); Hu, Bo (50561334100); Liu, Jingjun (55570096000); Lin, Wei (55723146100); Xiong, Mingbiao (55571200300)
57201200916; 50561334100; 55570096000; 55723146100; 55571200300
Analysis of the relationship between river flow and water quality before and after the wenchuan earthquake
(2013) Advanced Materials Research, 664, pp. 164 - 168, Cited 4 times.
DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.664.164
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84875027093&doi=10.4028%2Fwww.scientific.net%2FAMR.664.164&partnerID=40&md5=ab279340d60eeecb51c3ea4aa41d90f2

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Soil and Water Conservation, Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Hydrology and Water Resources Survey Bureau of Sichuau Province, Chengdu, China; Ecological Environment Monitoring of Sichuan Province Soil and Water Conservation, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: "5.12 Wenchuan earthquake"triggered floods, landslide, collapse and secondary geological disaster, trigger a new soil and water loss, having the significant influence to the local river water quality.This article through the statistical analysis of jiangyou, beichuan station 2006 ~ 2011 water conditions material, discussing the before and after the earthquake disaster areas the river flow change on the influence of river water quality. The results showed that the affected areas of ammonia nitrogen content after the earthquake are more than that before the earthquake content.with flow increased, ammonia nitrogen concentration is higher, flow is low, the water quality parameters of concentration decreased; The total hardness reduced during the earthquake, with flow increased, total hardness concentration is reduced, is negatively correlated; The change of flow to fluoride content effect is not obvious. © (2013) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Flow; Water quality and water environment; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Earthquake disaster; Flow; Geological disaster; River water quality; Soil and water loss; Water environments; Water quality parameters; Wenchuan Earthquake; Ammonia; Hardness; Stream flow; Water hardness; Earthquakes
REFERENCES: Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute, (2010); 
Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology, (2007); 
Pittet, Didier, Effectiveness of a hospital-wide programme to improve compliance with hand hygiene, The Lancet, 356, 9238, pp. 1307-1312, (2000); 
Journal of Sichuan Normal University Nature Science, (2009); 
Wuhan Wuhan University of Hydraulic and Electric Engineering Press, (1999); 
Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin; 
Water Quality Assessments, (1992)
CONFERENCE NAME: 2012 International Conference on Environmental and Materials Engineering, EME 2012
CONFERENCE DATE: 2012-12-09 through 2012-12-10
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wang, G., Huang, R., Chigira, M., Wu, X., Lourenço, S.D.N.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wang, Gonghui (8532560900); Huang, Runqiu (55835407700); Chigira, Masahiro (7006348860); Wu, Xiyong (39162125500); Lourenço, Sérgio D.N. (56233816600)
8532560900; 55835407700; 7006348860; 39162125500; 56233816600
Landslide Amplification by Liquefaction of Runout-Path Material after the 2008 Wenchuan (M 8·0) Earthquake, China
(2013) Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 38 (3), pp. 265 - 274, Cited 53 times.
DOI: 10.1002/esp.3277
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84874739510&doi=10.1002%2Fesp.3277&partnerID=40&md5=76a6bd41c2990cffd0bda63646f70613

AFFILIATIONS: Research Centre on Landslides, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan; State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan; School of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, South Glamorgan, Wales, United Kingdom
ABSTRACT: Here, we propose that an earthquake can trigger the failure of a landslide mass while simultaneously triggering liquefaction of runout-path materials before the arrival of the landslide mass, thus greatly increasing the size and mobility of an overriding landslide. During the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, about 60 000 landslides were triggered, directly resulting in about 20 000 casualties. While these landslides mainly originated from steep slopes, some landslides with high mobility formed in colluvial valley deposits. Among these, the most catastrophic was the Xiejiadian landslide in Pengzhou city, which traveled hundreds of meters before coming to rest. Through field investigation and laboratory testing, we conclude that this landslide primarily formed from colluvial deposits in the valley and secondarily from failure of slopes in granitic rock located uphill. Much of the granitic slope failure was deposited in the upper part of the travel path (near the slide head); the remainder was dispersed throughout the main landslide deposit. Superposition of deposits at the landslide toe indicates that landslide debris derived from colluvial soil was deposited first. The deposits at the landslide toe displayed flow characteristics, such as fine materials comprising basal layers and large boulders covering the deposit surface. We hypothesize that the main part of the landslide resulted from seismogenic liquefaction of valley colluvium, rather than from liquefaction potentially caused by undrained loading from the granitic slope failures impacting the colluvium. To examine the likelihood that seismogenic liquefaction occurred, we took samples from different areas of the landslide deposit and performed undrained cyclic shear tests on them in the laboratory. The results showed that the sandy soils that comprise most of the deposit are highly liquefiable under seismic loading. Therefore, we conclude that liquefaction of the colluvium in the valley during the earthquake was the main reason for this rapid (~46 m/s) long-runout (1·7 km) landslide. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Colluvium deposits; Flow-type landslide; Liquefaction; Undrained shear tests; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Basal layer; Colluvial deposits; Colluvial soils; Colluvium deposits; Cyclic shear; Field investigation; Flow charac-teristics; Granitic rocks; High mobility; Laboratory testing; Landslide deposits; Landslide mass; Sandy soils; Seismic loadings; Slope failure; Steep slope; Undrained; Undrained shear; Wenchuan Earthquake; Debris; Deposits; Earthquakes; Landforms; Landslides; Liquefaction; Loading; Shear flow; Slope protection; colluvial deposit; earthquake mechanism; failure mechanism; laboratory method; landslide; liquefaction; performance assessment; seismicity; shear test; Sichuan earthquake 2008; slope angle; slope dynamics; slope failure; trigger mechanism; undrained test; China; Pengzhou; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Burchfiel, B. Clark, Tectonics of the Longmen Shan and Adjacent Regions, Central China, International Geology Review, 37, 8, pp. 661-735, (1995); 
undefined, (2008); 
Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology, (2009); 
Chigira, Masahiro, Landslides induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China, Geomorphology, 118, 3-4, pp. 225-238, (2010); 
undefined, (2008); 
Crosta, Giovanni Battista, Numerical modelling of large landslides stability and runout, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 3, 6, pp. 523-538, (2003); 
Dai, Fuchu, Rock avalanches triggered by oblique-thrusting during the 12 May 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Geomorphology, 132, 3-4, pp. 300-318, (2011); 
Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011); 
Seismology and Geology, (1994); 
Densmore, Alexander Logan, Active tectonics of the Beichuan and Pengguan faults at the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, Tectonics, 26, 4, (2007)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Xu, D., Tong, F., Pei, H., Yin, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Xu, Dongsheng (55804250200); Tong, Fei (38062219100); Pei, Huafu (36444934100); Yin, Jianhua (7401693397)
55804250200; 38062219100; 36444934100; 7401693397
In-situ monitoring of internal displacements by FBG sensors and slope stability analysis under rainfall infiltration
(2013) Geotechnical Engineering, 44 (1), pp. 68 - 74, Cited 3 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84892537289&partnerID=40&md5=80d70dae694f22e54ee3ce92b1e0d807

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
ABSTRACT: The Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan Province of China has caused tremendous loss of life and property. The severe earthquake along with the heavy rainfall has induced landslide and debris flows so that the slope stability is a significant concern in this earthquake region. A newly developed inclinometer based on the Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensing technique has been installed in a slope in Sichuan Province for long-term monitoring of internal displacements. A series of FBG sensing bars are installed at different depths of two different boreholes in the slope; meanwhile, all optical fibers of the sensing bars are connected and extended to a monitoring station around 1000m away from the slope site through a main armored cable of optical fibers. Monitoring works are carried out in the monitoring station from 20 June to 25 September 2010. Thus, internal displacements of the slope are analyzed together with the rainfall data which are also collected by a rainfall gauge. The results demonstrate that rainfall infiltration has a strong influence on the internal displacements, while the influence reduces dramatically when the depth exceeds 5.2m. Through a numerical model for the effect analysis of rainfall intensity and duration, the slope stability decreases significantly when the rainfall intensity higher (or equal) than 0.5mm/h and rainfall duration longer than 100h.
INDEX KEYWORDS: Long term monitoring; Monitoring stations; Rainfall infiltration; Rainfall intensity; Sensing techniques; Severe earthquakes; Slope stability analysis; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes; Fiber Bragg gratings; Sensors; Slope protection; Slope stability; Rain; debris flow; displacement; earthquake damage; in situ measurement; infiltration; landslide; monitoring system; numerical model; optical method; rainfall; raingauge; sensor; Sichuan earthquake 2008; slope stability; China; Sichuan
REFERENCES: British Standard Methods of Test for Soils for Civil Engineering Purposes, (1990); 
Methods of Test for Soils for Civil Engineering Purposes Part 2 Classification Tests, (2025); 
Chang, Muhsiung, A 3D slope stability analysis method assuming parallel lines of intersection and differential straining of block contacts, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 39, 4, pp. 799-811, (2002); 
Collins, Brian D., Stability analyses of rainfall induced landslides, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering - ASCE, 130, 4, pp. 362-372, (2004); 
Cui, Peng, The Wenchuan Earthquake (May 12, 2008), Sichuan Province, China, and resulting geohazards, Natural Hazards, 56, 1, pp. 19-36, (2011); 
Geotechnical Instrumentation for Monitoring Field Performance, (1988); 
Frattini, Paolo, Approaches for defining thresholds and return periods for rainfall-triggered shallow landslides, Hydrological Processes, 23, 10, pp. 1444-1460, (2009); 
Fredlund, Delwyin G., Equations for the soil-water characteristic curve, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 31, 4, pp. 521-532, (1994); 
Fredlund, Delwyin G., Predicting the permeability function for unsaturated soils using the soil-water characteristic curve, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 31, 4, pp. 533-546, (1994); 
Seep W User S Guide for Finite Element Seepage Analysis, (2004)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Shi, F., Jinniu, W., Tao, L., Wu, Y., Haixia, G., Wu, N.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Shi, Fusun (15124549800); Jinniu, Wang (55682494700); Tao, L. (57216374920); Wu, Yan (56165395200); Haixia, G. (55682557000); Wu, Ning (36956501500)
15124549800; 55682494700; 57216374920; 56165395200; 55682557000; 36956501500
Effects of different types of vegetation recovery on runoff and soil erosion on a Wenchuan earthquake-triggered landslide, China
(2013) Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 68 (2), pp. 138 - 145, Cited 25 times.
DOI: 10.2489/jswc.68.2.138
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84877292990&doi=10.2489%2Fjswc.68.2.138&partnerID=40&md5=ccb416bfe52f57f87845b0f09a3ee827

AFFILIATIONS: Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: In order to find suitable vegetation types for wider earthquake-triggered landslide rehabilitation in the eastern Longmenshan, we chose six vegetation types, which included three artificial restoration vegetation types (shrub Paeonia decomposita, deciduous tree Betula albo-sinensis, and evergreen tree Cryptomeria fortunei), two natural restoration vegetation types (middle and high coverage of grasses), and one residual vegetation. Soil quality, runoff, and soil loss were evaluated for the six vegetation types. We found that high coverage of grass prevented surface runoff and soil erosion more effectively than other vegetation types, and the deciduous tree and shrub were more suitable for soil quality recovery than the evergreen tree after the landslide. Among the three artificially planted vegetation types, the roots of the deciduous tree had stronger expansion ability than those of the shrub and evergreen tree. Our results indicated that high coverage of grass and deciduous trees could complement each other to achieve a good restoring effect, which would not only help reduce surface runoff and soil erosion but also facilitate the formation of fertile islands and enhance the stability of subsurface soils. Therefore, the two vegetation types could be used to form an effective vegetation restoration pattern for wider earthquake-triggered landslide rehabilitation in this region. Copyright © 2013 Soil and Water Conservation Society.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Earthquake-triggered landslide; Fertile island; Runoff; Soil erosion; Soil quality; Vegetation type
INDEX KEYWORDS: agricultural runoff; landslide; restoration ecology; soil erosion; soil quality; vegetation; China
REFERENCES: Arbelo, Carmen Dolores, Soil degradation processes and plant colonization in abandoned terraced fields overlying pumice tuffs, Land Degradation and Development, 17, 6, pp. 571-588, (2006); 
Bochet, Esther, Relative efficiency of three representative matorral species in reducing water erosion at the microscale in a semi-arid climate (Valencia, Spain), Geomorphology, 23, 2-4, pp. 139-150, (1998); 
Bochet, Esther, Modified topsoil islands within patchy Mediterranean vegetation in SE Spain, Catena, 38, 1, pp. 23-44, (1999); 
Methods of Studying Root Systems, (1979); 
Brookes, Philip Charles, Chloroform fumigation and the release of soil nitrogen: A rapid direct extraction method to measure microbial biomass nitrogen in soil, Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 17, 6, pp. 837-842, (1985); 
Cerdà, A., Soil erosion after land abandonment in a semiarid environment of southeastern spain, Arid Soil Research and Rehabilitation, 11, 2, pp. 163-176, (1997); 
Chen, Liding, Effects of landscape restoration on soil water storage and water use in the Loess Plateau Region, China, Forest Ecology and Management, 259, 7, pp. 1291-1298, (2010); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2009); 
Chigira, Masahiro, Landslides induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China, Geomorphology, 118, 3-4, pp. 225-238, (2010); 
Chigira, Masahiro, Geological and geomorphological characteristics of landslides triggered by the 2004 Mid Niigta prefecture earthquake in Japan, Engineering Geology, 82, 4, pp. 202-221, (2006)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Qu, H.-L., Zhang, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Qu, Honglue (41662094100); Zhang, Jianjing (36669710100)
41662094100; 36669710100
Research on seismic response of anti-sliding sheet pile wall by shaking table test
(2013) Yantu Lixue/Rock and Soil Mechanics, 34 (3), pp. 743 - 750, Cited 18 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84876357978&partnerID=40&md5=94280a3e8a4acd1ed8ccb0933fee809b

AFFILIATIONS: School of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: From the investigation of seismic hazards of subgrade in Wenchuan earthquake, the anti-sliding sheet pile wall has been proven to be an excellent seismic structure in bedding or accumulation slopes. In order to understand the seismic performance better and optimize the seismic design, large shaking table test is performed. In order to ascertain the seismic response characteristics of anti-sliding sheet pile wall, acceleration histories recorded at Wolong station in Wenchuan earthquake are scaled and used to excite the model. The test results reveal the distribution pattern of earth pressure along the pile, seismic response of displacement and accelerations in slopes under ground shaking. The research demonstrates that the distribution of seismic earth pressure is nonlinear along the pile; and vertical seismic load has amplification effect on horizontal acceleration. Therefore, the seismic earth pressure under bidirectional loads is larger than that under unidirectional horizontal load. However, the difference between them is not obvious in seismic zones of basic intensity VII and VIII. Furthermore, landslide thrust, soil resistance of sliding bed, and displacement of pile are proportional to the input seismic peak acceleration. It means that, with the increase of input peak seismic acceleration, the amplification ratio of acceleration increases and the material shear strength of sliding surface reduces. The landslide thrust, soil resistance and pile displacement increase; and the increment rates become larger. In addition, based on the test results, reasonable values of seismic coefficient C<inf>z</inf> are proposed for the structure; and the values of C<inf>z</inf> are 0.2, 0.35 and 0.4 in the seismic zones of basic intensity VII, VIII and IX respectively. The test results are helpful to reveal the seismic mechanism and can provide reliable basis for seismic design of anti-sliding sheet pile wall.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Anti-sliding sheet pile wall; Dynamic response; Seismic design; Shaking table test
INDEX KEYWORDS: Amplification effects; Distribution patterns; Horizontal acceleration; Large shaking table test; Seismic earth pressure; Seismic response characteristics; Shaking table tests; Sheet pile wall; Acceleration; Amplification; Dynamic response; Earthquakes; Landslides; Pressure distribution; Retaining walls; Seismic design; Seismic response; Testing; Walls (structural partitions); Piles
REFERENCES: undefined, (2004); 
undefined, (1983); 
Zhang, Jianjing, Discussions on two key technical problems for seismic design of retaining structures, Xinan Jiaotong Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University, 44, 3, pp. 321-326, (2009); 
Yao, Lingkan, Damage analysis of subgrade engineering in Wenchuan earthquake and recommendations for improving seismic design code, Xinan Jiaotong Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University, 44, 3, pp. 301-311, (2009); 
Zhou, Depei, Seismic damage analysis of road slopes in Wenchuan earthquake, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 29, 3, pp. 565-576, (2010); 
European Committee for Standardization Technical Committee 250 Brussels Belgium Standard En, (1998); 
Centrifuge 98, (1998); 
Abdoun, Tarek H., Pile response to lateral spreads: Centrifuge modeling, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering - ASCE, 129, 10, pp. 869-878, (2003); 
Centrifuge 98, (1998); 
undefined, (2008)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Li, Y., Chen, G., Wang, B., Zheng, L., Zhang, Y., Tang, C.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Li, Yange (55339639500); Chen, Guangqi (55577206900); Wang, Bo (57216235651); Zheng, Lu (55273034500); Zhang, Yingbin Bin (57214256630); Tang, Chuan (35932953300)
55339639500; 55577206900; 57216235651; 55273034500; 57214256630; 35932953300
A new approach of combining aerial photography with satellite imagery for landslide detection
(2013) Natural Hazards, 66 (2), pp. 649 - 669, Cited 17 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11069-012-0505-x
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84874213363&doi=10.1007%2Fs11069-012-0505-x&partnerID=40&md5=7770b781c293babf25405bfea1124696

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Japan; State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Geo-disaster Prevention Laboratory, Fukuoka, Japan
ABSTRACT: Subsequent rainfall after a strong earthquake can easily trigger landslides. Aerial photography is always available after a strong earthquake but not always available in a timely manner after a subsequent rainfall following the earthquake. Sometimes, only panchromatic imagery is available because of its relatively low cost and large cover capacity. To detect multi-temporal landslides induced by earthquake and its post long-term effect, in company of other factors such as subsequent rainfall, traditionally, it needs to carry out image classification multi-times to calculate the variance information. Therefore, the accuracy will be affected by accumulated errors from multi-classification, and the process is very time-consuming. In this paper, a new semi-automatic approach combing aerial photograph with satellite imagery was proposed for rapid mapping of multi-temporal landslides. The approach can enhance the change information of each landslide event in one detection process. In addition, slope units were introduced to separate the detected conjoint landslides. Chenjiaba area, which located in the highest seismic intensity zone of Wenchuan earthquake in Beichuan, China, and had a strong rainfall 4 months later, was selected as a case study to demonstrate the usefulness of this methodology. Accuracy assessment was carried out by comparing those extracted ones with a manually prepared landslide inventory map. Correctly detected were 90. 1 and 94. 2 % for earthquake-induced landslides and new landslides, respectively. Results show that this approach is capable of mapping different temporal landslides efficiently and quickly. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Aerial photography; Earthquake-induced landslides; New landslides; Rapid mapping; Satellite imagery
INDEX KEYWORDS: accuracy assessment; aerial photography; earthquake; landslide; methodology; panchromatic image; rainfall; satellite imagery; temporal analysis
REFERENCES: Barlow, John, High spatial resolution satellite imagery, DEM derivatives, and image segmentation for the detection of mass wasting processes, Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, 72, 6, pp. 687-692, (2006); 
Borghuis, A. M., Comparison between automated and manual mapping of typhoon-triggered landslides from SPOT-5 imagery, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 28, 8, pp. 1843-1856, (2007); 
Briem, Gunnar Jakob, Multiple classifiers applied to multisource remote sensing data, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 40, 10, pp. 2291-2299, (2002); 
Brown, Lisa Gottesfeld, A survey of image registration techniques, ACM Computing Surveys, 24, 4, pp. 325-376, (1992); 
Casson, Bérangère, Seventeen years of the "La Clapière" landslide evolution analysed from ortho-rectified aerial photographs, Engineering Geology, 68, 1-2, pp. 123-139, (2003); 
Cheng, Ke Sheng, Locating landslides using multi-temporal satellite images, Advances in Space Research, 33, 3, pp. 296-301, (2004); 
Duguay, Claude R., INTEGRATING REMOTELY SENSED DATA FROM DIFFERENT SENSORS FOR CHANGE DETECTION., International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), (1987); 
Dymond, John R., Validation of a region-wide model of landslide susceptibility in the Manawatu-Wanganui region of New Zealand, Geomorphology, 74, 1-4, pp. 70-79, (2006); 
Proceedings 22nd Asian Conference on Remote Sensing, (2001); 
Garguet-Duport, Bruno, The use of multiresolution analysis and wavelets transform for merging SPOT panchromatic and multispectral image data, Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, 62, 9, pp. 1057-1066, (1996)
PUBLISHER: Kluwer Academic Publishers
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zhuang, J.-Q., Cui, P., Peng, J.-B., Hu, K., Iqbal, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhuang, Jianqi (26538426500); Cui, Peng (56706923500); Peng, Jianbing (57204721822); Hu, Kaiheng (55648903800); Iqbal, Javed (58836359600)
26538426500; 56706923500; 57204721822; 55648903800; 58836359600
Initiation process of debris flows on different slopes due to surface flow and trigger-specific strategies for mitigating post-earthquake in old Beichuan County, China
(2013) Environmental Earth Sciences, 68 (5), pp. 1391 - 1403, Cited 37 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s12665-012-1837-2
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84874106753&doi=10.1007%2Fs12665-012-1837-2&partnerID=40&md5=df860dbb3dd3f8c7cc0448f16679f7b2

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Western Mineral Resources and Geological Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Department of Earth Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
ABSTRACT: The 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake (Ms 8. 0) in China, produced an estimated volume of 28 × 108 m3 loosened material, which led to debris flows after the earthquake. Debris flows are the dominant mountain hazards, and serious threat to lives, properties, buildings, traffic, and post-earthquake reconstruction in the earthquake-hit areas. It is very important to understand the debris flow initiation processes and characteristics, for designing debris flow mitigation. The main objective of this article is to examine the different debris flow initiation processes in order to identify suitable mitigation strategies. Three types of debris flow initiation processes were identified (designated as Types A, B, and C) by field survey and experiments. In "A" type initiation, the debris flow forms as a result of dam failure in the process of rill erosion, slope failure, landslide dam, or dam failure. This type of debris flow occurs at the slope of 10 ± 2°, with a high bulk density, and several surges following dam failure. "B" type initiation is the result of a gradual increase in headward down cutting, bank and lateral erosion, and then large amount of loose material interfusion into water flow, which increases the bulk density, and forms the debris flow. This type of debris flow occurs mainly on slopes of 15 ± 3° without surges. "C" type debris flow results from slope failures by surface flow, infiltration, loose material crack, slope failure, and fluidization. This type of debris flow occurs mainly on slopes of 21 ± 4°, and has several surges of debris flow following slope failure, and a high bulk density. To minimize the hazards from debris flows in areas affected by the Wenchuan earthquake, the erosion control measures, such as the construction of grid dams, slope failure control measures, the construction of storage sediment dams, and the drainage measures, such as construction of drainage ditches are proposed. Based on our results, it is recommend that the control measures should be chosen based on the debris flow initiation type, which affects the peak discharge, bulk density and the discharge process. The mitigation strategies discussed in this paper are based on experimental simulations of the debris flows in the Weijia, Huashiban, and Xijia gullies of old Beichuan city. The results are useful for post-disaster reconstruction and recovery, as well as for preventing similar geohazards in the future. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flow; Initiation process; Mitigation strategies; Old Beichuan County; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Dams; Disaster prevention; Disasters; Drainage; Earthquakes; Erosion; Failure (mechanical); Flow of water; Fluidization; Hazards; Maintenance; Slope stability; Debris flows; Initiation process; Mitigation strategy; Old Beichuan County; Wenchuan Earthquake; Debris; bulk density; debris flow; erosion control; hazard assessment; hazard management; optimization; reconstruction; rill; Sichuan earthquake 2008; simulation; slope failure; Beichuan; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Berti, Matteo, Experimental evidences and numerical modelling of debris flow initiated by channel runoff, Landslides, 2, 3, pp. 171-182, (2005); 
Berti, Matteo, Field observations of a debris flow event in the Dolomites, Geomorphology, 29, 3-4, pp. 265-274, (1999); 
Brayshaw, Drew, Debris flow initiation and sediment recharge in gullies, Geomorphology, 109, 3-4, pp. 122-131, (2009); 
Soil Slips Debris Flows and Rainstorms in the Santa Monica Mountains and Vicinity Southern California, (1975); 
Cannon, Susan H., Wildfire-related debris-flow initiation processes, Storm King Mountain, Colorado, Geomorphology, 39, 3-4, pp. 171-188, (2001); 
Chen, Xiaoqing, Artificial rainfall experimental study on landslide translation to debris flow, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 25, 1, pp. 106-116, (2006); 
Chen, N. Sh, A rational method for estimating maximum discharge of a landslide-induced debris flow: A case study from southwestern China, Geomorphology, 84, 1-2, pp. 44-58, (2007); 
Chen, Xiaoqing, Optimal timing for the control of debris flow in Wenchuan Earthquake area, Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 41, 3, pp. 125-130, (2009); 
Chen, Xingzhang, Post-earthquake changes and prediction of debris flow scales in Subao River Valley, Beichuan County, Sichuan Province, China, Environmental Earth Sciences, 65, 4, pp. 995-1003, (2012); 
Costa, John E., FORMATION AND FAILURE OF NATURAL DAMS., Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 100, 7, pp. 1054-1068, (1988)
PUBLISHER: Springer Verlag
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wang, G.Z., Li, Y.M., Liu, L.P.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wang, Guizhen (51666197500); Li, Yingmin (36072092800); Liu, Liping (55574231358)
51666197500; 36072092800; 55574231358
Relief effort and reconstruction after wenchuan Ms8.0 earthquake
(2013) Applied Mechanics and Materials, 275-277, pp. 2727 - 2734, Cited 3 times.
DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.275-277.2727
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84873338263&doi=10.4028%2Fwww.scientific.net%2FAMM.275-277.2727&partnerID=40&md5=1141aced470de0b9536bb434be57e384

AFFILIATIONS: School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Vocational Institute of Engineering, Chongqing, Chongqing, China; Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
ABSTRACT: Wenchuan earthquake of May 12, 2008 in Sichuan province is most destructive, the most widely spread, the most difficultly to disaster relief in recent decades in China. The earthquake relief and reconstruction work is also the fastest, to mobilize the widest range of input power in an action, creating a miracle of the world's earthquake relief and reconstruction. Those successful practices provided a valuable experience reference to other areas for fight against natural disasters and rebuild their homes. This article describes the damage of housing, roads, bridges and other engineering structures and landslides mudslides, dammed lakes and other geological hazards triggered by earthquakes; Outlines the effort of the rescue operation, including personnel search and rescue, road rehabilitation, caring for the wounded, people placement and soon; Summarizes the reconstruction strategies and policies, including with Chinese characteristics" counterpart support" reconstruction mode which means a province to help a county. In the end, the article discusses the earthquake relief and reconstruction experience and inspiration. © (2013) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Earthquake relief effort; Geological disaster; Recovery and reconstruction after disasters; Seismological hazards; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Chinese characteristics; Disaster relief; Engineering structures; Geological disaster; Geological hazards; Input power; Natural disasters; Relief efforts; Rescue operations; Road rehabilitation; Search and rescue; Sichuan province; Wenchuan Earthquake; Disaster prevention; Disasters; Hazards; Earthquakes
REFERENCES: Han, Jun, Building damage in Mianyang city caused by the May 12, 2008 earthquake in Wenchuan, Sichuan Province, P.R. China, Chongqing Jianzhu Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Chongqing Jianzhu University, 30, 5, pp. 21-27, (2008); 
Building damage in cities and towns located in higher intensity areas during Wenchuan earthquake, 28, 3, pp. 7-15; 
Journal of Xi an University of Architecture and Technology J, (2009); 
Journal of Xi an University of Architecture and Technology J, (2008); 
Journal of Xi an University of Architecture and Technology J, (2008); 
Journal of Xi an University of Architecture and Technology J, (2008)
CONFERENCE NAME: 2012 International Conference on Applied Mechanics and Materials, ICAMM 2012
CONFERENCE DATE: 2012-11-24 through 2012-11-25
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Chen, C., Xiao, H.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Chen, Chuansheng (39261133400); Xiao, Hongbing (55732672400)
39261133400; 55732672400
Liquefaction potential of clayey soils from wenchuan earthquake-induced landslides
(2013) Advanced Materials Research, 639-640 (1), pp. 850 - 853, Cited 3 times.
DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.639-640.850
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84873206062&doi=10.4028%2Fwww.scientific.net%2FAMR.639-640.850&partnerID=40&md5=c7731b9aa02cb9ee114fa4914537633f

AFFILIATIONS: Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
ABSTRACT: It is commonly considered that liquefaction of sandy soils is the important reason for earthquake-induced landslides,but it has been reported liquefaction phenomenon can also occur in clayey soils in the recent research. In order to clarify liquefaction potential in clayey soils,a deeper study was conducted on the basis of field investigation and a series of laboratory tests including undrained cyclic ring-shear tests on the clayey soil samples collected from the sliding zone of the Wenchuan earthquake-induced landslides. Results show that the liquefaction potential of clayey soils is lower than that of sandy soils given the same void ratio; the soil resistance to liquefaction rises with an increase in plasticity for clayey soils; It is useful to estimate the liquefaction potential of soil by means of plasticity index and the liquefaction potential of soil in practical engineering applications. © (2013) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Clay content; Liquefaction susceptibility; Plasticity index; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Clay content; Clayey soils; Field investigation; Laboratory test; Liquefaction potentials; Liquefaction susceptibility; Plasticity indices; Practical engineering applications; Sandy soils; Sliding zone; Undrained; Void ratios; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes; Landslides; Plasticity; Sand; Soils; Soil liquefaction
REFERENCES: Journal of the Boston Society of Civil Engineers, (1936); 
Soil Behaviour Under Earthquake Loading Conditions, (1972); 
Castro, Gonzalo, LIQUEFACTION AND CYCLIC MOBILITY OF SATURATED SANDS, Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, ASCE, 101, 6, pp. 551-569, (1975); 
Pore Pressure Generation Characteristics of Gravel Under Undrained Cyclic Loading, (1988); 
Cyclic Strength and Pore Pressure Generation Characteristics of Fine Grained Soils Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Doctor of Philosophy, (1992); 
Liquefaction Damage of Sandy and Volcanic Grounds in the 1993 Hokkaido Nansei Oki Earthquake, (1995); 
Huang, Runqiu, Analysis of the geo-hazards triggered by the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake, China, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 68, 3, pp. 363-371, (2009); 
Cui, Peng, The 12 May Wenchuan earthquake-induced landslide lakes: Distribution and preliminary risk evaluation, Landslides, 6, 3, pp. 209-223, (2009); 
Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011); 
Sassa, Kyoji, Dynamic properties of earthquake-induced large-scale rapid landslides within past landslide masses, Landslides, 2, 2, pp. 125-134, (2005)
SPONSORS: National Natural Science Foundation, China, Central South University, China, Xiangtan University, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Hunan University of Science and Technology
CONFERENCE NAME: 1st International Conference on Advances in Civil Infrastructure Engineering, ICACIE 2012
CONFERENCE DATE: 2012-12-15 through 2012-12-16
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Luo, G., Hu, X., Gu, C.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Luo, Gang (35275305400); Hu, Xiewen (7404709509); Gu, Chengzhuang (55359118800)
35275305400; 7404709509; 55359118800
Study of kinetic failure mechanism and starting velocity of consequent rock slopes under strong earthquake
(2013) Yantu Lixue/Rock and Soil Mechanics, 34 (2), pp. 483 - 490, Cited 10 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84875070773&partnerID=40&md5=f0529a89a168aef0d53588dab82b2557

AFFILIATIONS: School of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Aseismic Engineering Technology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Evaluation of seismic stability of rock slopes and the calculation of starting velocity of earthquake-induced landslide are always difficulties for prevention of seismic failure of rock slopes. Combined with the large-scale high-speed landslides induced by 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake, taking Tangjiashan high-speed landslide for example, the kinetic failure mechanism of consequent bedding rock slopes under strong earthquake is proposed. The kinetic failure mechanism includes four stages: tension fracture-wedge splitting-sliding-shear breaking. And the formation mechanism of tension rupture, the leverage of wedge splitting rock masses and the its rolling friction effects of clastic stone, are described in detail. Using the elasticity theory, the failure criterion of locked-up segment of consequent bedding rock slope under earthquake is deduced. And the calculating formula of deformation energy of locked-up rock masses, while the locked-up segment is sharply cut off under earthquake, is also deduced. Considering the advantage releasing direction of locked-up rock masses deformation energy, the energy conversion principle is applied to propose a more reasonable and accurate burst starting velocity formula of the consequent bedding rock landslide, further determining the departure velocity of landslide. The formula provides an effective quantitative calculating method on the hazard scope and impact damage extent of landslide.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Consequent bedding rock slope; Deformation energy of locked-up segment before sliding; Kinetic failure mechanism; Starting velocity; Tangjiashan
INDEX KEYWORDS: Bedding rock slope; Calculating methods; Consequent rock slope; Deformation energy; Earthquake-induced landslides; High-speed landslides; Kinetic failure; Tangjiashan; Deformation; Elasticity; Energy conversion; Kinetics; Landslides; Rock mechanics; Rocks; Velocity; Earthquakes
REFERENCES: Huang, Runqiu, Large-scale landslides and their sliding mechanisms in China since the 20th century, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 26, 3, pp. 433-454, (2007); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2008); 
undefined, (2009); 
Xu, Jiang, Experimental study on rock deformation characteristics under cycling loading and unloading conditions, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 25, SUPPL. 1, pp. 3040-3045, (2006); 
Rock and Soil Mechanics, (1997); 
undefined, (1993); 
Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, (2004); 
Rock and Soil Mechanics, (2009); 
Xu, Guangxing, Large-scale shaking table model test study on dynamic characteristics and dynamic responses of slope, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 27, 3, pp. 624-632, (2008); 
Xu, Guangxing, Dynamic response of slopes under earthquakes and influence of ground motion parameters, Yantu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 30, 6, pp. 918-923, (2008)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Qian, F., Hu, B., Liu, J., Xiong, M., Hu, H.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Qian, Feng (57201200916); Hu, Bo (50561334100); Liu, Jingjun (55570096000); Xiong, Mingbiao (55571200300); Hu, Heng (55541306100)
57201200916; 50561334100; 55570096000; 55571200300; 55541306100
Analysis of water quality change before and after the wenchuan earthquake
(2013) Applied Mechanics and Materials, 261-262, pp. 674 - 678, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.260-261.674
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84872907628&doi=10.4028%2Fwww.scientific.net%2FAMM.260-261.674&partnerID=40&md5=e3d272b5c12fecc7f260ff49236e0467

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Soil and Water Conservation, Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Department of Soil and Water Conservation, Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Ecological Environment Monitoring of Sichuan Province Soil and Water Conservation, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: "5.12 Wenchuan earthquake"triggered floods, landslide, collapse and secondary geological disaster, trigger a new soil and water loss, having the significant influence to the local river water quality.This article through the statistical analysis of minjiang river and jiangyou wenchuan, beichuan station 2006 ~ 2011 water conditions material, discussing the before and after the earthquake disaster areas of river water quality change characteristics. The results showed that the affected areas of ammonia nitrogen content after the earthquake are more than before the earthquake content. The fluoride content before earthquake overtop that after earthquake in Wenchuan water source. The total hardness of water quality presents upward trend in disaster area after earthquake, and the total hardness of water quality in 2010 and 2011 is greater then that before earthquake. The total iron content is not affected by the earthquake, before and after the earthquake did not appear obvious difference. © (2013) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Water quality; Water resources and water environment; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Affected area; Ammonia nitrogen; Disaster areas; Earthquake disaster; Fluoride content; Geological disaster; Hardness of water; Minjiang River; Quality change; River water; River water quality; Soil and water loss; Total irons; Upward trend; Water conditions; Water environments; Water source; Wenchuan Earthquake; Disasters; Hardness; Planning; Rivers; Sustainable development; Water hardness; Water quality; Water resources; Earthquakes
REFERENCES: Zhang, Chunmin, Impacts of Wenchuan Earthquake disasters on ecosystem and its spatial pattern: Case study of Qingchuan, Pingwu and Maoxian counties, Shengtai Xuebao, 28, 12, pp. 5833-5841, (2008); 
Research of Environmental Sciences, (2008); 
Swcc, (2009); 
Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology, (2007); 
Pittet, Didier, Effectiveness of a hospital-wide programme to improve compliance with hand hygiene, The Lancet, 356, 9238, pp. 1307-1312, (2000); 
Journal of Sichuan Normal University Nature Science, (2009); 
Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute, (2010); 
Zhao, Qin, Research on the recovering measures and economic loss evaluation of soil erosion and water loss in Wenchuan-earthquake-hit areas of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 41, 3, pp. 289-293, (2009); 
Chinese Journal of Disinfection, (2008)
CONFERENCE NAME: 2012 Asian Pacific Conference on Energy, Environment and Sustainable Development, APEESD 2012
CONFERENCE DATE: 2012-11-12 through 2012-11-13
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Guo, D., Hamada, M.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Guo, Deping (55551453500); Hamada, Masanori (7403131923)
55551453500; 7403131923
Qualitative and quantitative analysis on landslide influential factors during Wenchuan earthquake: A case study in Wenchuan County
(2013) Engineering Geology, 152 (1), pp. 202 - 209, Cited 52 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2012.10.012
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84872148247&doi=10.1016%2Fj.enggeo.2012.10.012&partnerID=40&md5=e7247879868a98b288373c78a1219484

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
ABSTRACT: The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake with a surface wave magnitude of 8.0 triggered numerous landslides along the Longmenshan thrust fault belt in Sichuan province of China. The authors investigated various influential factors on the slope stability of 119 landslides in Wenchuan County, such as the horizontal peak ground acceleration, slope angle, slope height, rock type and geological structure. We separately developed acceleration attenuation laws for both the hanging wall and footwall side from 183 seismic stations. These formulae confirmed the hanging-foot wall effect had notable influence on landslide distribution density and occurrence probability. Further, we explored the qualitative tendency of landslide distribution and occurrence probability related with each influential factor. The results from the quantitative analysis by a multivariable method demonstrated that slope height, horizontal peak ground acceleration and geological structure had a stronger effect on the sliding area and volume than slope angle and rock type. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Influential factor; Landslide; Statistical analysis; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Factor analysis; Faulting; Landslides; Probability distributions; Slope protection; Statistical methods; Surface waves; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Influential factors; Landslide distributions; Occurrence probability; Peak ground acceleration; Qualitative and quantitative analysis; Surface wave magnitudes; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes; earthquake magnitude; landslide; multivariate analysis; peak acceleration; qualitative analysis; quantitative analysis; Sichuan earthquake 2008; slope stability; statistical analysis; thrust fault; China; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Handbook of Engineering Geology, (2007); 
Finite Fault Model Preliminary Result of the May 12 2008 Mw7 9 Eastern Sichuan China Earthquake, (2019); 
Chen, Yong, Wenchuan earthquake: Way of thinking is changed, Episodes, 31, 4, pp. 374-377, (2008); 
Chigira, Masahiro, Landslides induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China, Geomorphology, 118, 3-4, pp. 225-238, (2010); 
China Earthquake Administration; 
Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011); 
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, (1973); 
Görüm, Tolga, Distribution pattern of earthquake-induced landslides triggered by the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Geomorphology, 133, 3-4, pp. 152-167, (2011); 
Huang, Runqiu, Research on development and distribution rules of geohazards induced by Wenchuan earthquake on 12th May, 2008, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 27, 12, pp. 2585-2592, (2008); 
Journal of Geological Hazards and Environment Preservation, (2009)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier B.V.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Hu, J., Yang, X.Z.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Hu, Jin (57193093330); Yang, Xuezhi (51764881100)
57193093330; 51764881100
On geo-environment deterioration triggered by earthquake disaster-the case of Anjiagou debris flow in Miansi Town, Wenchuan County, Sichuan Province
(2013) Advanced Materials Research, 610-613, pp. 771 - 776, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.610-613.771
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84871879240&doi=10.4028%2Fwww.scientific.net%2FAMR.610-613.771&partnerID=40&md5=d93265ea66a9f873444f385793a0b6c6

AFFILIATIONS: Sichuan College of Architectural Technology, Sichuan, China; Sichuan Huadi Construction Engineering Co. Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: The gully, Anjiagou, located in Gaodian Village of Miansi Town, Wenchuan County, in Aba Autonomous Prefecture of Sichuan Province, is an old debris flow gully. Influenced by "5.12" Wenchuan earthquake, lots of secondary geological disasters as landslide, slump or unstable slope occurred in the gully; further, adverse geologic phenomena got worse; loose or porous solid material source increased largely. These resulted in highly debris flow proneness and rising danger.That is, Possibility of large-scale debris flow occurrence increased greatly. As is usual in disaster-stricken area, earthquake makes geo-environment deteriorate seriously. Projects in such area, which have passed geo-environmental assessment, should be reevaluated. © (2013) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flow; Deteriorate; Geo-environment
INDEX KEYWORDS: Debris flows; Deteriorate; Geo-environment; Geological disaster; Porous solids; Sichuan province; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes; Landforms; Slope stability; Debris
REFERENCES: Emergency Survey Design Document of Sichuan Province, (2009); 
Debris Flow Disaster Prevention Survey Engineering Specifications S; 
Standard of Geotechnical Engineering Investigation S; 
Geological Disaster Prevention Engineering Investigation Specification S, (2003); 
Analysis of Geology Engineering Principles M, (2005); 
Environmental Geology M
CONFERENCE NAME: 2nd International Conference on Energy, Environment and Sustainable Development, EESD 2012
CONFERENCE DATE: 2012-10-12 through 2012-10-14
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Liao, M., Huang, R., Gan, J.J., Zhong, W., Li, Q.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Liao, Min (55543489900); Huang, Runqiu (55835407700); Gan, Jianjun (57195511744); Zhong, Wei (55545276100); Li, Qianyin (55544175600)
55543489900; 55835407700; 57195511744; 55545276100; 55544175600
Study of formation mechanism and blocking in giant debris flow at hongchun gully yingxiu town wenchuan county
(2013) Advanced Materials Research, 610-613, pp. 3267 - 3276, Cited 7 times.
DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.610-613.3267
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84871857525&doi=10.4028%2Fwww.scientific.net%2FAMR.610-613.3267&partnerID=40&md5=815ac21c6794f569503badb7e1801e37

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, University of Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Sichuan Prov. Prospecting and Exploiting Bur. and Geochem. Explor. Team of Geol. and Mineral, Deyang, China; Sichuan Bureau of Geology & Mineral Resources, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: From Aug. 12th to 14th 2009, the catastrophic giant debris flow occurred in Hongchun gully Yingxiu town Wenchuan County, Du-Wen higyway in the period of heavy storm. It has cut off the Du-wen highway traffic totally and weir of Ming River became the damming body, which diverted the river plug body and rushed into Yingxiu doxens of new houses. The overflow river isolated Yingxiu towm serious and threat the post-disaster reconstruction triumph.It have important significance that to study the basic features,the deformation and failure mechanism,the types and countermeasures to prevent and control the scale, the prevention and cure of high seismic intensity of debris flow in Hongchun gully. Base on the researches of geo-hazards background, conditions and basic features with the example of Hongchun gully debris flow, the author Analyzed the formation mechanism of debris flow and specific reason of blocking river and breaking highway, forecasted that causes of development of debris flow, also analyzed the stability of material sources in Hongchun gully's debris flow. Then the author put forward that the formation of debris flow in Hongchun gully and blocking of Minjiang River are related closely to rich loose material sources induced by Wenchuan earthquake, the heavy rainfall, and its unique landform. Researches show that the giant debris flow in Hongchun gully started from Ganxipu lateral ditch in the upstream, the materials collected and dam-broke, It collected the material sources of the main ditch, crushed into Minjiang River, joined with the material sources of Shaofan gully debris flow in the river-upstream, blocked river and became dam lake. In a word,it is necessary to strengthen the control of the debris flow because that it is very rich material sources in Hongchun gully, and prevent hazard of the debris flow burst again. © (2013) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flow; Formation mechanism; Mechanism of blocking river; Slope; Wenchuan Ms.8.0 Earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Debris flows; Deformation and failure mechanism; Formation mechanism; Heavy rainfall; Heavy storms; Highway traffic; Loose materials; Minjiang River; Prevention and cure; Seismic intensity; Slope; Wenchuan Earthquake; Disaster prevention; Earthquakes; Hazards; Landforms; Materials; Rivers; Debris
REFERENCES: Construction Engineering Llc, (2010); 
T R of Sichuan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, (2008); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2008); 
Sediment Production and Storage Processes Associated with Earthquake Induced Landslides in Okushiri Island, (1993); 
Sliding and Toppling Modes of Failure in Models and Jointed Rock Slopes, (1971); 
Hydrogeology Engineering Geology, (2011); 
Geohazard Assessement of Wenchuan Eeathquke M, (2009); 
Hu, Xiewen, Developmental features and evaluation of blocking dangers of Dashui Ditch debris flow in Tangjiashan dammed lake, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 28, 4, pp. 850-858, (2009)
CONFERENCE NAME: 2nd International Conference on Energy, Environment and Sustainable Development, EESD 2012
CONFERENCE DATE: 2012-10-12 through 2012-10-14
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wang, F., Sun, P., Highland, L., Liu, H., Pei, L., Cheng, Q.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wang, Fawu (16305836600); Sun, Ping (26428429500); Highland, Lynn M. (6506592145); Liu, Hongshuai (8728684200); Pei, Laizhen (59577985100); Cheng, Qiangong (7202918113)
16305836600; 26428429500; 6506592145; 8728684200; 59577985100; 7202918113
Key Factors Influencing the Mechanism of Rapid and Long Runout Landslides Triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake, China
(2013) Environmental Science and Engineering, pp. 187 - 203, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-29107-4_9
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85108432653&doi=10.1007%2F978-3-642-29107-4_9&partnerID=40&md5=a4e57ce315c9cc5e674a0a3ac6a702f8

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Geosciences, Shimane University, Matsue, Shimane, Japan; Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China; United States Geological Survey, Reston, VA, United States; Institute of Engineering Mechanics, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; School of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake triggered many rapid and long runout landslides, which directly caused great loss of properties and human lives and were responsible for a large percentage of total damages caused by the earthquake. It is very important for future landslide mitigation programme to understand the earthquake-induced mechanism of initiation and motion of rapid and long runout landslides, which can potentially be the deadliest of ground failures. In this paper, field investigations of some typical landslides caused by the Wenchuan earthquake are introduced first, and followed by data from ring shear tests used to simulate the initiation and motion of one landslide in particular, the Donghekou landslide. It was found that valley water and groundwater played key roles in the rapid motion and long runout process of this landslide during the great earthquake. It was also observed that hazardous effects from the slowing of movement and/or a short runout, due to various geologic and hydrologic conditions of other landslides caused by the Wenchuan earthquake, contrasts with those which caused more deaths and damages due to rapid, long runout movement. Implications from this analysis suggest that decision-makers for future hazard mitigation and land use planning should be advised to be aware of the geotechnical and hydrological properties of their local areas where possible. © 2013, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Hydrogeological condition; Initiation; Motion; Rapid and long runout landslides; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Decision making; Groundwater; Hazards; Land use; Landslides; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Field investigation; Hazard mitigations; Hydrologic conditions; Hydrological properties; Land Use Planning; Typical landslide; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes
REFERENCES: Cui, Peng, The 12 May Wenchuan earthquake-induced landslide lakes: Distribution and preliminary risk evaluation, Landslides, 6, 3, pp. 209-223, (2009); 
Landslide News, (1997); 
Landslide Risk Assessment Proceedings of the International Workshop, (1997); 
Wang, Zifa, A preliminary report on the Great Wenchuan Earthquake, Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, 7, 2, pp. 225-234, (2008); 
Sassa, Kyoji, Undrained dynamic-loading ring-shear apparatus and its application to landslide dynamics, Landslides, 1, 1, pp. 7-19, (2004); 
Wang, Fawu, Geotechnical simulation test for the Nikawa landslide induced by January 17, 1995 Hyogoken-Nambu earthquake, Soils and Foundations, 40, 1, pp. 35-46, (2000); 
Wang, Fawu, Preliminary investigation of some large landslides triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan Province, China, Landslides, 6, 1, pp. 47-54, (2009); 
Yin, Yueping, Landslide hazards triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China, Landslides, 6, 2, pp. 139-152, (2009)
PUBLISHER: Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
DOCUMENT TYPE: Book chapter
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Kondo, A., Huang, Y., Kenichi, K.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Kondo, A. (57215043810); Huang, Yu (57204857931); Kenichi, Maeda M. (8706870500)
57215043810; 57204857931; 8706870500
DEM Coupled SMAC Simulation on the Moving Process of Flow Like Landslide
(2013) Springer Geology, pp. 195 - 198, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-31671-5_34
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85079758106&doi=10.1007%2F978-3-642-31671-5_34&partnerID=40&md5=5666b94c3ab5feecb1ea6168c1f8e918

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Geotechnical Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; Department of Civil Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
ABSTRACT: This study aims to simulate the flow-like landslides which caused by the Wenchuan earthquake 2008. For approaching this phenomenon, it is difficult to examine for simulation method based on continuum model that occurred in landslide body due to collision of granular materials and its effect. In this paper, we modeled this phenomenon as multi-phase flow, and simulated by discrete element method (DEM) and simplified maker and cell method (SMAC) with introducing simplified interaction. As for the verification of simulation especially for interaction, terminal settling velocity test is executed and shows quantitatively agreement. Moreover, through this simulation, moving process of the Tangjiashan landslides picked up as typical flow-like landslides. This landslide located beside the valley, and due to the landslides it held the mountain stream. Based on this simulation, depositional process is obtained. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Discrete element method; Flow-like landslide; Interaction; Moving process; Simplified marker and cell method
REFERENCES: Smac Method A Numerical Technique for Calculating Incompressible Fluid Flows, (1970); 
Cundall, Peter A., A discrete numerical model for granular assemblies, Geotechnique, 29, 1, pp. 47-65, (1979); 
Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, (1971); 
Huang, Yu, Field-observed phenomena of seismic liquefaction and subsidence during the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China, Natural Hazards, 54, 3, pp. 839-850, (2010); 
Huang, Yu, Run-out analysis of flow-like landslides triggered by the Ms 8.0 2008 Wenchuan earthquake using smoothed particle hydrodynamics, Landslides, 9, 2, pp. 275-283, (2012); 
J Appl Mech Jsce, (2006); 
Z Ver Deutsch Ing, (1933); 
Mean Value and Correlation Problems Connected with the Motion of Small Particles Suspended in A Turbulent Fluid, (1947)
PUBLISHER: Springer
DOCUMENT TYPE: Book chapter
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Deng, J.H., Chen, F., Wei, J.B., Tai, J.J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Deng, Jianhui (7402612983); Chen, Fei (57199921710); Wei, Jinbing (7403085330); Tai, Jiajia (26656179700)
7402612983; 57199921710; 7403085330; 26656179700
Behavior of slope protection and retaining structures during the wenchuan earthquake on may 12, 2008
(2013) Geotechnical, Geological and Earthquake Engineering, 25, pp. 61 - 73, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-5675-5_5
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85042913026&doi=10.1007%2F978-94-007-5675-5_5&partnerID=40&md5=c69fa58e555121b00ed23a8296d9abce

AFFILIATIONS: College of Water Resources and Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: At 14:28 on May 12, 2008, a strong earthquake measuring Ms 8.0 hit the Longmenshan mountain area in the west Sichuan province of China. The quake was induced by the thrust of the Longmenshan central fault, and resulted in approximately 50,000 rock avalanches and landslides, which destroyed numerous villages and towns and caused nearly 90,000 people to die or go missing. First, based on field reconnaissance, the geology and fault patterns in the Longmenshan mountain area are introduced. Next, the damage or failure of slope-protecting and -retaining structures in the quake-hit area is described and discussed, including slide-resistant piles, gravity retaining walls, shotcrete, anchored concrete frames, cable bolts, and protecting nets. A special discussion is devoted to the behavior of cable bolts based on measured data. Finally, design issues in quake-prone areas are discussed. Results show that all cut slopes should be protected or retained in quake-prone areas, even when their geology is reassuring. Except for negative nets, all other protecting or retaining structures are effective if their construction quality is ensured. For protecting structures, it is important to ensure that the slope is basically stable under the earthquake. Slide-resistant piles have sufficient redundancy to withstand an earthquake beyond its design intensity, whereas the design capacity of cable bolts should have some redundancy to resist the high transient stress induced by an earthquake. © Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2013.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Dolomite; Permian; Sandstone; Shale; Silurian
REFERENCES: Chen, Guoguang, Primary research of activity segmentation of Longmenshan fault zone since late-quaternary, Dizhen Dizhi, 29, 3, pp. 657-673, (2007); 
Geological Review, (2008); 
Analysis and Investigation on Seismic Damages of Projects Subjected to Wenchuan Earthquake, (2009); 
Active Faults and Earthquakes in Sichuan Province, (1993); 
Earthquake Research in China, (1991); 
Xie, Heping, Wenchuan large earthquake and post-earthquake reconstruction-related geotechnical problems, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 27, 9, pp. 1781-1791, (2008); 
Science Technology Review, (2009)
PUBLISHER: Springer Netherlands
DOCUMENT TYPE: Book chapter
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wang, F., Sun, P., Highland, L., Liu, H., Pei, L., Cheng, Q.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wang, Fawu (16305836600); Sun, Ping (26428429500); Highland, Lynn M. (6506592145); Liu, Hongshuai (8728684200); Pei, Laizhen (59577985100); Cheng, Qiangong (7202918113)
16305836600; 26428429500; 6506592145; 8728684200; 59577985100; 7202918113
Key factors influencing the mechanism of rapid and long runout landslides triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, China
(2013) Environmental Science and Engineering, (9783642291067), pp. 187 - 203, Cited 1 times.
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-29107-4_9
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85029539949&doi=10.1007%2F978-3-642-29107-4_9&partnerID=40&md5=0a9519e61da4821cb8f5c1de0f7306c7

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Geosciences, Shimane University, Matsue, Shimane, Japan; Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China; United States Geological Survey, Reston, VA, United States; Institute of Engineering Mechanics, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; School of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake triggered many rapid and long runout landslides, which directly caused great loss of properties and human lives and were responsible for a large percentage of total damages caused by the earthquake. It is very important for future landslide mitigation programme to understand the earthquake-induced mechanism of initiation and motion of rapid and long runout landslides, which can potentially be the deadliest of ground failures. In this paper, field investigations of some typical landslides caused by the Wenchuan earthquake are introduced first, and followed by data from ring shear tests used to simulate the initiation and motion of one landslide in particular, the Donghekou landslide. It was found that valley water and groundwater played key roles in the rapid motion and long runout process of this landslide during the great earthquake. It was also observed that hazardous effects from the slowing of movement and/or a short runout, due to various geologic and hydrologic conditions of other landslides caused by the Wenchuan earthquake, contrasts with those which caused more deaths and damages due to rapid, long runout movement. Implications from this analysis suggest that decision-makers for future hazard mitigation and land use planning should be advised to be aware of the geotechnical and hydrological properties of their local areas where possible. © 2013, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Hydrogeological condition; Initiation; Motion; Rapid and long runout landslides; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Decision making; Geophysics; Groundwater; Hazards; Hydrogeology; Land use; Landslides; Hydrogeological conditions; Initiation; Long run outs; Motion; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes
REFERENCES: Cui, Peng, The 12 May Wenchuan earthquake-induced landslide lakes: Distribution and preliminary risk evaluation, Landslides, 6, 3, pp. 209-223, (2009); 
Landslide News, (1997); 
Landslide Risk Assessment Proceedings of the International Workshop, (1997); 
Wang, Zifa, A preliminary report on the Great Wenchuan Earthquake, Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, 7, 2, pp. 225-234, (2008); 
Sassa, Kyoji, Undrained dynamic-loading ring-shear apparatus and its application to landslide dynamics, Landslides, 1, 1, pp. 7-19, (2004); 
Wang, Fawu, Geotechnical simulation test for the Nikawa landslide induced by January 17, 1995 Hyogoken-Nambu earthquake, Soils and Foundations, 40, 1, pp. 35-46, (2000); 
Wang, Fawu, Preliminary investigation of some large landslides triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan Province, China, Landslides, 6, 1, pp. 47-54, (2009); 
Yin, Yueping, Landslide hazards triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China, Landslides, 6, 2, pp. 139-152, (2009)
PUBLISHER: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Huang, R., Li, W.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Huang, Runqiu (55835407700); Li, Weile (25936551300)
55835407700; 25936551300
Co-Seismic Fault Effects of Landslides Triggered by Wenchuan Ms 8.0 Earthquake, China
(2013) Springer Geology, pp. 1 - 11, Cited 2 times.
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-31671-5_1
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84992407748&doi=10.1007%2F978-3-642-31671-5_1&partnerID=40&md5=a20c9509d9db875f1c2cc2a2844e4ae7

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: “5.12” Wenchuan Earthquake (Ms = 8.0) triggered tens of thousands of landslides throughout an area of about 100,000 km2. The distribution of landslides is definitely affected by the such factors as geomorphology, topography, lithology and human engineering activities, but the distribution of earthquake-triggered landslides are mainly controlled by the co-seismic fault, for they present zontal distribution along the co-seismic fault. Through the studies of three geo-hazard concentration areas including Dujiangyan to Wenchuan Road, Beichuan to Anxian County area, and Magong to Hongguang area, it is found that Wenchuan Earthquake-triggered landslides has the following co-seismic effects: (1) Wenchuan Earthquake is a thrust fault earthquake, the distribution of landslides show marked “hanging wall and footwall effects”, manifested by that the distribution concentration in the hanging wall of seismic fault is higher than that in the footwall and the former coverage is wider than the latter as well as that the scale of landslides is larger than that in the footwall; (2) the strong development zones of landslides are within the range of 7 km in the hanging wall of co-seismic fault. The ranges of 7–11 km in the hanging wall and 0–5 km in the footwall can be delimited as the middle development zones. A vast majority of large-scale landslides are distributed within the range of 5 km from the fault, and large-scale landslides are unlikely to occur within the range of over 10 km; (3) the transitional and staggered positions of fault are the concentration areas of landslides and large-scale landslides are likely to occur in these positions; (4) the preferred direction of landslide is NW–SE, basically vertical to the spreading direction of Yingxiu-Beichuan Fault. This may be because that Longmenshan Fault Zone has always been affected by the tectonic stress field of NW–SE extrusion area since Cenozoic Time; (5) the earthquake-triggered landslides mainly occur in the zones of seismic intensity IX and higher. The concentration of landslides in the seismic intensity zones XI is the same with that in seismic intensity zones X; the concentration in the seismic intensity zones IX equals to 1/3 of the abovementioned one; the concentration in the seismic intensity zones VIII is only 1/10 of the abovementioned one. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Co-seismic landsliding; Earthquake fault effect; Hanging wall effect; Locked segment effect; Wenchuan earthquake
REFERENCES: Abrahamson, Norman A.Bolt, Effects of the hanging wall and footwall on ground motions recorded during the Northridge earthquake, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 86, 1 SUPPL. B, pp. S93-S99, (1996); 
Bao, Yejing, Probabilistic analysis of earthquake-induced landslides, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 24, 1, pp. 66-70, (2005); 
Why Was Wenchuan Earthquake so Serious 2008 06 26, (2008); 
Science and Technology Review, (2008); 
Seismology and Geology, (2008); 
Landslide Dynamics, (1995); 
Chinese Geological Education, (2008); 
Huang, Runqiu, Research on development and distribution rules of geohazards induced by Wenchuan earthquake on 12th May, 2008, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 27, 12, pp. 2585-2592, (2008); 
Huang, Runqiu, Analysis of the geo-hazards triggered by the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake, China, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 68, 3, pp. 363-371, (2009); 
Jibson, Randall W., A method for producing digital probabilistic seismic landslide hazard maps, Engineering Geology, 58, 3-4, pp. 271-289, (2000)
PUBLISHER: Springer
DOCUMENT TYPE: Book chapter
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Chen, G., Li, Y., Zhang, Y., Wu, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Chen, Guangqi (55577206900); Li, Yange (55339639500); Zhang, Yingbin Bin (57214256630); Wu, Jian (56358748000)
55577206900; 55339639500; 57214256630; 56358748000
Earthquake induced geo-disaster chain
(2013), pp. 82 - 90, Cited 1 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84907080458&partnerID=40&md5=f7f73bf92de25f7281106553c9eeaee0

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Japan
ABSTRACT: A strong earthquake can cause a large number of landslides and avalanches, which can initiate causal geo-disaster chains. A representative ring in disaster chain is that a coseismic landslide can block a river and form a landslide dam, which may burst and cause a catastrophic flood. In order to disclose the serious impacts of the geo-disaster chain induced by earthquake, this paper presented the form process of geo-disaster chain and proposed some cutting measures. According to the developing process, the geo-disaster chain from the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake was discussed. Two measures for cutting the chain are proposed, one is the landslide hazard map constructing on susceptibility analysis and the other is numerical simulation of debris flows for assessment of dangerous zone. The results of this study can help the authority make the right decision rapidly to take appropriate counter measures to reduce the risk of the geo-disaster chain or cut it directly.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flows; Earthquake; Geo-disaster chain; Landslide; Landslide hazard maps
INDEX KEYWORDS: Debris; Disasters; Earthquakes; Geotechnical engineering; Hazards; Landslides; Risk assessment; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Catastrophic floods; Debris flows; Developing process; Disaster chains; Landslide hazard; Strong earthquakes; Susceptibility analysis; Chains
REFERENCES: Görüm, Tolga, Distribution pattern of earthquake-induced landslides triggered by the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Geomorphology, 133, 3-4, pp. 152-167, (2011); 
Yin, Yueping, Landslide hazards triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China, Landslides, 6, 2, pp. 139-152, (2009); 
Cui, Peng, The 12 May Wenchuan earthquake-induced landslide lakes: Distribution and preliminary risk evaluation, Landslides, 6, 3, pp. 209-223, (2009); 
Xu, Qiang, Landslide dams triggered by the Wenchuan Earthquake, Sichuan Province, south west China, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 68, 3, pp. 373-386, (2009); 
Tang, Chuan, Rainfall-triggered debris flows following the Wenchuan earthquake, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 68, 2, pp. 187-194, (2009); 
Wieczorek, Gerald F., PREPARING A DETAILED LANDSLIDE-INVENTORY MAP FOR HAZARD EVALUATION AND REDUCTION., Bulletin of the Association of Engineering Geologists, 21, 3, pp. 337-342, (1983); 
Landslides Investigation and Mitigation, (1996); 
Nichol, Janet Elizabeth, Satellite remote sensing for detailed landslide inventories using change detection and image fusion, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 26, 9, pp. 1913-1926, (2005); 
Mondini, Alessandro C., Combining multiple change detection indices for mapping landslides triggered by typhoons, Geomorphology, 134, 3-4, pp. 440-451, (2011); 
Xie, Mowen, GIS-based probabilistic mapping of landslide hazard using a three-dimensional deterministic model, Natural Hazards, 33, 2, pp. 265-282, (2004)
PUBLISHER: People's Communications Press
SPONSORS: China Civil Engineering Society, China, Geotechnical Engineering, Institution of Soil Mechanics and, Japanese Geotechnical Society
CONFERENCE NAME: 5th China-Japan Geotechnical Symposium: New Advances in Geotechnical Engineering
CONFERENCE DATE: 2013-05-18 through 2013-05-19
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zhu, G., Zhang, Z., Wen, J., Zhang, W., Chen, X.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhu, Gengshang (55896890200); Zhang, Zhenguo (55721877300); Wen, Jian (55248000700); Zhang, Wei (56760608300); Chen, Xiaofei (8600030900)
55896890200; 55721877300; 55248000700; 56760608300; 8600030900
Preliminary results of strong ground motion simulation for the Lushan earthquake of 20 April 2013, China
(2013) Earthquake Science, 26 (3-4), pp. 191 - 197, Cited 13 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11589-013-0020-5
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84902536733&doi=10.1007%2Fs11589-013-0020-5&partnerID=40&md5=e3b20e4ba1aae9ba4d6f649f3a492d43

AFFILIATIONS: School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China; Laboratory of Seismology and Physics of Earth's Interior, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
ABSTRACT: The earthquake occurred in Lushan County on 20 April, 2013 caused heavy casualty and economic loss. In order to understand how the seismic energy propagates during this earthquake and how it causes the seismic hazard, we simulated the strong ground motions from a representative kinematic source model by Zhang et al. (Chin J Geophys 56(4):1408-1411, 2013) for this earthquake. To include the topographic effects, we used the curved grids finite difference method by Zhang and Chen (Geophys J Int 167(1):337-353, 2006), Zhang et al. (Geophys J Int 190(1):358-378, 2012) to implement the simulations. Our results indicated that the majority of seismic energy concentrated in the epicentral area and the vicinal Sichuan Basin, causing the XI and VII degree intensity. Due to the strong topographic effects of the mountain, the seismic intensity in the border area across the northeastern of Boxing County to the Lushan County also reached IX degree. Moreover, the strong influence of topography caused the amplifications of ground shaking at the mountain ridge, which is easy to cause landslides. These results are quite similar to those observed in the Wenchuan earthquake of 2008 occurred also in a strong topographic mountain area. © 2013 The Seismological Society of China, Institute of Geophysics, China Earthquake Administration and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Lushan earthquake; Seismic intensity; Strong ground motion; Topographic effects
REFERENCES: EOS Trans Am Geophys Un, (2000); 
Chinese Seismic Intensity Scale, (2020); 
Gelí, Louis, The effect of topography on earthquake ground motion: a review and new results., Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 78, 1, pp. 42-63, (1988); 
EOS Trans Agu, (1997); 
Liu, Jie, Introduction to the Lushan, Sichuan M7.0 earthquake on 20 April 2013, Acta Geophysica Sinica, 56, 4, pp. 1404-1407, (2013); 
Reuter, Hannes Isaak, An evaluation of void-filling interpolation methods for SRTM data, International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 21, 9, pp. 983-1008, (2007); 
Zhang, Wei, Traction image method for irregular free surface boundaries in finite difference seismic wave simulation, Geophysical Journal International, 167, 1, pp. 337-353, (2006); 
Zhang, Wei, Numerical simulation of strong ground motion for the Ms8.0 Wenchuan earthquake of 12 May 2008, Science in China, Series D: Earth Sciences, 51, 12, pp. 1673-1682, (2008); 
Zhang, Wei, Three-dimensional elastic wave numerical modelling in the presence of surface topography by a collocated-grid finite-difference method on curvilinear grids, Geophysical Journal International, 190, 1, pp. 358-378, (2012); 
Zhang, Yong, Rupture process of the Lushan 4.20 earthquake and preliminary analysis on the disaster-causing mechanism, Acta Geophysica Sinica, 56, 4, pp. 1408-1411, (2013)
PUBLISHER: Seismological Society of China
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; BRONZE OPEN ACCESS

Ma, C., Hu, K., Tian, M.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Ma, Chao (55580268600); Hu, Kaiheng (55648903800); Tian, Mi (57206275854)
55580268600; 55648903800; 57206275854
Post-earthquake relationships of maximum runout amount and loose matter mass in debris flow gully
(2013) Journal of Natural Disasters, 22 (6), pp. 76 - 84, Cited 6 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84898490911&partnerID=40&md5=cdc98bcbc239742fa930e3943c9143c6

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Graduate School of Chinese, Academy of Science, Beijing, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: The maximum runout amount is an important factor in debris flow protection engineering design and hazard assessment. In the Wenchuan earthquake affected region, available methods are not doing well in the calculation of the potential runout amount of debris flow, because the sediment volume of debris flow basin has changed greatly, and the runout amount-frequency relationship differs greatly from the past. Regress analysis on the disaster area reveals that most of the debris flows in clustering debris flow events are of soil-mechanical type, and there exist a strong power-function correlation between sediment volume and maximum runout amount for the triggering rainstorm of 20-year return period. Volume and properties of sediment have a decisive influence on maximum debris flow magnitude. Different amount of debris flows for different debris flow watershed is decided by the hydrological forces from the rainfall processes. The micro-topography change resulted in a higher peak discharge and runout amount than predicted. The larger the frequency of triggering rainfall and the more sediment volume in a debris flow watershed, the more the runout amount. There is an obvious linear relationship between areas of rectangle watersheds and corresponding maximum runout amounts, while the linear relationship is undetectable for fan-shaped watersheds.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flow; Loose matter mass; Maximum runout amount; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: debris flow; gully erosion; hazard assessment; peak discharge; rainstorm; sediment transport; Sichuan earthquake 2008; watershed
REFERENCES: Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences, (2008); 
Scientia Geographica Sinica, (2010); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2010); 
Journal of Engineering Geology; 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2011); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2011); 
Tang, Chuan, Field investigation and research on giant debris flow on August 14, 2010 in Yingxiu town, epicenter of Wenchuan earthquake, Diqiu Kexue - Zhongguo Dizhi Daxue Xuebao/Earth Science - Journal of China University of Geosciences, 36, 1, pp. 172-180, (2011); 
Ma, Yu, Research on the disaster of debris flow of Bayi Gully, Longchi, Dujiangyan, Sichuan on august 13, 2010, Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 43, SUPPL. 1, pp. 92-98, (2011); 
Danger Assessment on Debris Flow, (1995); 
Chen, Chunguang, Study of river-blocking due to debris flow based on weir flow theory, Journal of Natural Disasters, 21, 6, pp. 131-135, (2012)
PUBLISHER: Science Press shengtaixuebao@mail.rcees.ac.cn
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Luo, Y., Wang, Y., Fu, R., Liu, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Luo, Yonghong (55832604800); Wang, Yunsheng (7601489707); Fu, Ronghua (35740273300); Liu, Jie (56113234300)
55832604800; 7601489707; 35740273300; 56113234300
Study on formation mechanism of liujiawan landslide triggered by wenchuan earthquake
(2013) Geotechnical Special Publication, (232 GSP), pp. 70 - 78, Cited 1 times.
DOI: 10.1061/9780784413128.009
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84898437869&doi=10.1061%2F9780784413128.009&partnerID=40&md5=a3ee300f7caf5931ab193ac90ae600c3

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Sichuan Province Coal Field Geological Engineering Survey and Design Institute, China
ABSTRACT: Since May 12th, 2008, it has been already determined that tens of thousands of landslides were triggered by Wenchuan earthquake. However, full understanding of the mechanism of seismic landslides is still unclear due to the complex geological condition and dynamic action of seismic wave. This paper presents the Liujiawan landslide accumulation characteristic and intends to analyze the formation mechanism under the Wenchuan earthquake. Based on field investigation, a unique geological condition of Liujiawan landslide appears two stage platform accumulations with different lithology, which have an obvious landslide boundary in lithological interface and unloading weathering zone. These characteristics are hardly found in other types of landslide. In the meanwhile, a numerical model displays tension stress concentration on the lithology boundary surface. From the results, it can be concluded that the seismic waves propagate through the different physical properties of interface and structure plane, which mutated strong dynamic stress and induced slope failure. The dynamic stress mutations should be considered as the triggering factor of Liujiawan slope failure. © 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers.
INDEX KEYWORDS: Civil engineering; Earthquakes; Engineering geology; Landslides; Lithology; Seismic waves; Stress concentration; Unloading; Accumulation characteristics; Complex geological condition; Field investigation; Formation mechanism; Geological conditions; Seismic landslides; Triggering factors; Wenchuan Earthquake; Weathering
REFERENCES: A Large Landslide Triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan M8 0 Earthquake Insights for Seismic Motion, (2010); 
Simulation Experiment Research on Slope Mechanism Under the Condition of Strong Earthquakes, (2009); 
Huang, Runqiu, Research on development and distribution rules of geohazards induced by Wenchuan earthquake on 12th May, 2008, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 27, 12, pp. 2585-2592, (2008); 
Geo Hazards Research of Wenchuan Earthquake 235 245; 
Geologically Active Volume of Papers from the 11th Congress of the International Association for Engineering Geology and the Environment, (2010); 
Geological Publishing House, (1980)
PUBLISHER: American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) onlinejls@asce.org
SPONSORS: Chinese Geotechnical Engineers, Civil, Hydraulic, and Architecture Engineering, Society of Civil Engineers, The Chinese Academy of Engineering, Division of, The Geo-Institute of the American, The International Association of
CONFERENCE NAME: 2nd International Conference on Geotechnical and Earthquake Engineering: Challenges and Recent Advances in Geotechnical and Seismic Research and Practices, IACGE 2013
CONFERENCE DATE: 2013-10-25 through 2013-10-27
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Lo, R.C.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Lo, Robert Chung Yi (7102109571)
7102109571
Geotechnical impact of 2008 wenchuan earthquake
(2013) Geotechnical Special Publication, (232 GSP), pp. 694 - 703, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.1061/9780784413128.080
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84898435195&doi=10.1061%2F9780784413128.080&partnerID=40&md5=e772e676e0eb328db04b17376ee8522d

AFFILIATIONS: Klohn Crippen Berger Ltd, Vancouver, BC, Canada
ABSTRACT: This paper reviews the geotechnical impact of the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake gleaned from references obtained through internet and other sources. It briefly describes the seismo-tectonic and geological setting of the seismic source region, and discusses various geotechnical aspects of the event. Strong ground motions and fault displacements in a setting of steep mountainous terrains trigger many failures of natural slopes and man-made structures. Coseismic hazards include landslides, debris flows and formation of landslide dams. These ground failures not only increase earthquake damage and hamper rescue and recovery effort, but also generate a secondary flood hazard due to potential breach of landslide dams. The epicentral region has also many high water-storage embankment dams, which seem to fare quite well. Finally, the event has set the stage for latent geological hazard caused by earthquake-weakened slopes and/or metastable landslide/debris-flow deposits. This hazard would materialize either in an aftershock or heavy storm/snow-melt event. © 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers.
INDEX KEYWORDS: Civil engineering; Engineering geology; Hazards; Landslides; Secondary recovery; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Earthquake damages; Fault displacement; Geological hazards; Geological setting; Man-made structures; Mountainous terrain; Strong ground motion; Earthquakes
REFERENCES: Bureau, Gilles J., SEISMIC ANALYSIS OF CONCRETE FACE ROCKFILL DAMS., pp. 479-508, (1985); 
Chen, Xiaoli, Earthquake-triggered landslides in southwest China, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 12, 2, pp. 351-363, (2012); 
Engineering Sciences, (2009); 
Eeev 2008 General Introduction of Engineering Damage of Wenchuan Ms 8 0 Earthquake Earthq, (2007); 
Huang, Runqiu, Engineering geological evaluation of reconstruction sites following the Wenchuan earthquake, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 68, 4, pp. 449-458, (2009); 
Huang, Runqiu, Mechanisms of large-scale landslides in China, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 71, 1, pp. 161-170, (2012); 
Li, Xiaojun, Strong motion observations and recordings from the great Wenchuan Earthquake, Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, 7, 3, pp. 235-246, (2008); 
Engineering Science, (2009); 
Tang, Chuan, Landslides induced by the Wenchuan earthquake and the subsequent strong rainfall event: A case study in the Beichuan area of China, Engineering Geology, 122, 1-2, pp. 22-33, (2011); 
Earthquake Should Be Predictable Dizhenyingkeyuce Earthquake Press Beijing, (2012)
PUBLISHER: American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) onlinejls@asce.org
SPONSORS: Chinese Geotechnical Engineers, Civil, Hydraulic, and Architecture Engineering, Society of Civil Engineers, The Chinese Academy of Engineering, Division of, The Geo-Institute of the American, The International Association of
CONFERENCE NAME: 2nd International Conference on Geotechnical and Earthquake Engineering: Challenges and Recent Advances in Geotechnical and Seismic Research and Practices, IACGE 2013
CONFERENCE DATE: 2013-10-25 through 2013-10-27
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Guo, D., Hamada, M., Jia, H.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Guo, Deping (55551453500); Hamada, Masanori (7403131923); Jia, Hongyu (39261755600)
55551453500; 7403131923; 39261755600
Influential factors on slope stability and landslide mobility
(2013) Geotechnical Special Publication, (232 GSP), pp. 247 - 254, Cited 4 times.
DOI: 10.1061/9780784413128.030
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84898432610&doi=10.1061%2F9780784413128.030&partnerID=40&md5=214338ffe6a0ed47af04ddcf3e76a933

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake caused severe damage by landslide along the Longmenshan thrust belt zone in southwest China. The authors investigated various influential factors on slope stability and landslide mobility based on 97 landslides in Wenchuan County and 46 long runout landslides in Wenchuan earthquake area, respectively. The results demonstrated that slope height, horizontal peak ground acceleration (PGA), and geological structure were more influential to slope stability than slope angle and rock type. After slope failure, slope height, rock type, field cross angle and landslide volume were the most important influential factors on landslide mobility, and followed by slope angle and horizontal PGA. Two empirical models were developed to estimate landslide volume and landslide mobility. Their validity had been verified by the satisfactory agreements between observations and predictions. Therefore, they could be useful in the Wenchuan earthquake area and areas with similar geological conditions. © 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers.
INDEX KEYWORDS: Civil engineering; Earthquakes; Engineering geology; Landslides; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Empirical model; Geological conditions; Geological structures; Influential factors; Landslide mobility; Peak ground acceleration; Wenchuan Earthquake; Slope protection
REFERENCES: Handbook of Engineering Geology, (2007); 
Chigira, Masahiro, Landslides induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China, Geomorphology, 118, 3-4, pp. 225-238, (2010); 
Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011); 
Görüm, Tolga, Distribution pattern of earthquake-induced landslides triggered by the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Geomorphology, 133, 3-4, pp. 152-167, (2011); 
Bergsturz and Menschenleben, (1932); 
Hunter, Gavan J., Travel distance angle for "rapid" landslides in constructed and natural soil slopes, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 40, 6, pp. 1123-1141, (2003); 
Huang, Runqiu, Analysis of the geo-hazards triggered by the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake, China, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 68, 3, pp. 363-371, (2009); 
Information from Website, (2008); 
Qi, Shengwen, Spatial distribution analysis of landslides triggered by 2008.5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake, China, Engineering Geology, 116, 1-2, pp. 95-108, (2010); 
Qi, Shengwen, Source characteristics of long runout rock avalanches triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 896-906, (2011)
PUBLISHER: American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) onlinejls@asce.org
SPONSORS: Chinese Geotechnical Engineers, Civil, Hydraulic, and Architecture Engineering, Society of Civil Engineers, The Chinese Academy of Engineering, Division of, The Geo-Institute of the American, The International Association of
CONFERENCE NAME: 2nd International Conference on Geotechnical and Earthquake Engineering: Challenges and Recent Advances in Geotechnical and Seismic Research and Practices, IACGE 2013
CONFERENCE DATE: 2013-10-25 through 2013-10-27
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Fan, X., Van Westen, C.J., Xu, Q., Görüm, T., Dai, F., Wang, G., Huang, R.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Fan, Xuanmei (12752112800); Van Westen, Cees J. (6701664942); Xu, Qiang (56506033600); Görüm, Tolga (10440667500); Dai, Fuchu (7102055666); Wang, Gonghui (8532560900); Huang, Runqiu (55835407700)
12752112800; 6701664942; 56506033600; 10440667500; 7102055666; 8532560900; 55835407700
Spatial distribution of landslide dams triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake
(2013), 5, pp. 279 - 285, Cited 8 times.
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-31427-8_36
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84898081141&doi=10.1007%2F978-3-642-31427-8_36&partnerID=40&md5=3a1d69388a60405e8f438c3b62d9bea7

AFFILIATIONS: Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation – ITC, Enschede, Overijssel, Netherlands; State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
ABSTRACT: Landslide dams are a common type of river disturbance in tectonically active mountain belts with narrow and steep valleys. Here we present an unprecedented inventory of 828 landslide dams triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, China. Of the 828 landslide dams, 501 completely dammed the rivers, while the others only caused partial damming. The spatial distribution of landslide dams was similar to that of the total landslide distribution, with landslide dams being most abundant in the steep watersheds of the hanging wall of the Yingxiu-Beichuan Thrust Fault, and in the northeastern part of the strike-slip fault near Qingchuan. We analyzed the relation between landslide dam distribution and a series of seismic, topographic, geological, and hydrological factors. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Landslide; Landslide dam; Spatial distribution; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Dams; Earthquakes; Landslides; Strike-slip faults; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Hydrological factors; Landslide dam; Landslide distributions; Mountain belts; Thrust faults; Wenchuan Earthquake; Spatial distribution
REFERENCES: Adams, John, Earthquake-dammed lakes in New Zealand, Geology, 9, 5, pp. 215-219, (1981); 
Casagli, Nicola, Geomorphic analysis of landslide dams in the Northern Apennine, Chikei, 20, 3, pp. 219-249, (1999); 
Journal of Geological Hazards and Environment Preservation, (1995); 
Chigira, Masahiro, Landslides induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China, Geomorphology, 118, 3-4, pp. 225-238, (2010); 
Costa, John E., FORMATION AND FAILURE OF NATURAL DAMS., Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 100, 7, pp. 1054-1068, (1988); 
Documented Historical Landslide Dams from Around the World, (1991); 
Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011); 
Dong, J. J., Discriminant analysis of the geomorphic characteristics and stability of landslide dams, Geomorphology, 110, 3-4, pp. 162-171, (2009); 
Duman, Tamer Yiǧit, The largest landslide dam in Turkey: Tortum landslide, Engineering Geology, 104, 1-2, pp. 66-79, (2009); 
Landslide Risk Management, (2005)
PUBLISHER: Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
SPONSORS: International Flood Initiative (IFI), International Geographical Union (IGU), International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG), International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS)
CONFERENCE NAME: 2nd World Landslide Forum, WLF 2011
CONFERENCE DATE: 2011-10-03 through 2011-10-09
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Bai, S.B., Wang, J., Glade, T., Bell, R., Thiebes, B.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Bai, Shibiao (15830966700); Wang, Jian (55491249300); Glade, Thomas W. (57192782350); Bell, Rainer (56307438000); Thiebes, Benni (55668276300)
15830966700; 55491249300; 57192782350; 56307438000; 55668276300
Rainfall threshold analysis and landslide susceptibility mapping in Wudu County
(2013), 2, pp. 659 - 664, Cited 1 times.
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-31445-2_86
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84898067807&doi=10.1007%2F978-3-642-31445-2_86&partnerID=40&md5=908196e12eb638deb93c24927cbafb5d

AFFILIATIONS: College of Geographical Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Department of Geography and Regional Research, Universität Wien, Vienna, Vienna, Austria
ABSTRACT: The main purpose of this study is the analysis of rainfall thresholds and landslide susceptibility mapping in order to assist the prediction, mitigation and management of slope instability in the Wudu county in China. Firstly, the rainfall thresholds were assessed using the Antecedent soil water status (ASWS) model based on landslides induced by multi-temporal rainfall events in the Wudu county. Secondly, three separate susceptibility maps were produced using historic landslide inventories, and inventories reflecting single landslide triggering events, i.e. the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and heavy rain storms. The separate maps were combined to illustrate the maximum landslide probability of all three landslide susceptibility maps. The results show that rainfall thresholds could be applied to forecast rainfall-induced landslides, and the integrated landslide susceptibility map could be used for planning of spatial development as well as emergency response actions. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: China; GIS; Landslides; Rainfall thresholds; Susceptibility mapping
INDEX KEYWORDS: Earthquakes; Geographic information systems; Mapping; Rain; Soil moisture; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; China; Landslide inventories; Landslide susceptibility; Landslide susceptibility mapping; Rainfall induced landslides; Rainfall thresholds; Susceptibility mapping; Landslides
REFERENCES: Aleotti, Pietro, A warning system for rainfall-induced shallow failures, Engineering Geology, 73, 3-4, pp. 247-265, (2004); 
Aleotti, Pietro, Landslide hazard assessment: Summary review and new perspectives, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 58, 1, pp. 21-44, (1999); 
Atkinson, Peter M., Generalised linear modelling of susceptibility to landsliding in the central Apennines, Italy, Computers and Geosciences, 24, 4, pp. 373-385, (1998); 
Ayalew, Lulseged, The effect of seasonal rainfall on landslides in the highlands of Ethiopia, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 58, 1, pp. 9-19, (1999); 
Proceedings of the International Conference Mountain Risks, (2010); 
Bai, Shibiao, GIS-based logistic regression for landslide susceptibility mapping of the Zhongxian segment in the Three Gorges area, China, Geomorphology, 115, 1-2, pp. 23-31, (2010); 
Bai, Shibiao, GIS-Based and Data-Driven Bivariate Landslide-Susceptibility Mapping in the Three Gorges Area, China Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 40801212 and 49971064), the Foundation for China Geological Survey (No. 200316000035), the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China (No. 06KJB170063), Pedosphere, 19, 1, pp. 14-20, (2009); 
Bai, Shibiao, GIS-based rare events logistic regression for landslide-susceptibility mapping of Lianyungang, China, Environmental Earth Sciences, 62, 1, pp. 139-149, (2011); 
Eighth International Symposium on Spatial Accuracy Assessment in Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, (2008); 
Bell, Rainer, Quantitative risk analysis for landslides - Examples from Bíldudalur, NW-Iceland, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 4, 1, pp. 117-131, (2004)
PUBLISHER: Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
SPONSORS: International Flood Initiative (IFI), International Geographical Union (IGU), International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG), International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS)
CONFERENCE NAME: 2nd World Landslide Forum, WLF 2011
CONFERENCE DATE: 2011-10-03 through 2011-10-09
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Luo, Y., Wang, Y., He, Y., Wang, H.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Luo, Yonghong (55832604800); Wang, Yunsheng (7601489707); He, Yuan (55836560800); Wang, Hong (55961774700)
55832604800; 7601489707; 55836560800; 55961774700
Study on mountain slopes topographic effect induced by Wenchuan earthquake
(2013), pp. 73 - 79, Cited 4 times.
DOI: 10.1201/b15794-13
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84890104530&doi=10.1201%2Fb15794-13&partnerID=40&md5=4bebdbc4f54e1cb37bd3d1d80e0dbdba

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; China Railway Eryuan Engineering Group Co. Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Seismic ground motion topographic amplification effect in mountain areas has been observed and studied in many earthquakes. And the Wenchuan earthquake it occurred in Longmen mountain areas, which the topographic amplification lead to many rockfalls, landslides and so on. This paper presents the topographic amplification effect in different geomorphic units in Longmen mountain areas, and reports an unique seismic topographic directional effect of aftershocks monitoring in Weigan hill, Qingchuan county. Based on field investigation and interpretation of remote sensing, it could be concluded that the comparative study showed that the macro-geomorphic units played an important role in the types of seismic geo-hazards, such as in the middle and high mountain areas, the large and mediumsized rockfalls and landslides were development, but in the low mountain and hilly areas were main seismic crack and small rockfalls. The shapes of deep canyon topography had an obvious influence in density development of seismic geo-hazards, which the "V" shape canyon geo-hazards density were more than "U" shape canyon. More important is that the micro-topographical effect in the thin ridge, turning parts of the slope, convex parts of the slope were more serious damage than the other parts of the slope. Aftershocks monitoring at the top of Weigan hill showed that the horizontal components amplitude in northsouth direction was obvious amplification, and this direction is the short axis of the ridge. © 2013 Taylor & Francis Group, London.
INDEX KEYWORDS: Earthquake effects; Engineering geology; Landslides; Remote sensing; Rock bursts; Topography; Canyon topographies; Comparative studies; Directional effects; Seismic ground motions; Topographic amplification; Topographic effects; Topographical effects; Wenchuan Earthquake; Landforms
REFERENCES: Ashford, Scott A., Analysis of topographic amplification of inclined shear waves in a steep coastal bluff, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 87, 3, pp. 692-700, (1997); 
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, (1987); 
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, (1979); 
Sánchez-Sesma, Francisco José, Diffraction of P, SV and Rayleigh waves by topographic features: a boundary integral formulation, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 81, 6, pp. 2234-2253, (1991); 
Specifications for Seismic Design of Structrues, (2001); 
Research on the Development Regular and Triggering Mechanism of Geological Hazards in Longchi, (2010); 
Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, (1998); 
Geohazard Assessment of the Wenchuan Earthquake, (2009); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2008); 
Geological Bulletin of China, (2005)
PUBLISHER: Taylor and Francis - Balkema pub.nl@tandf.co.uk
SPONSORS: Geology and the Environment (IAEG), International Association for Engineering
CONFERENCE NAME: International Symposium and 9th Asian Regional Conference of IAEG "Global View of Engineering Geology and the Environment"
CONFERENCE DATE: 2013-09-24 through 2013-09-25
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Hu, X.-L., Tang, H.-M., Xu, W., Wu, Q.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Hu, Xinli (7404710194); Tang, Huiming (58132262400); Xu, Wei (55338147000); Wu, Qiong (55628532334)
7404710194; 58132262400; 55338147000; 55628532334
Dynamic stability of Baihua Bridge bedding rock slope in Yingxiu
(2013), pp. 147 - 152, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.1201/b15794-25
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84890076147&doi=10.1201%2Fb15794-25&partnerID=40&md5=7358a205d0a320dd68e6e50f15f876cb

AFFILIATIONS: Faculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
ABSTRACT: Coseismic landslides triggered by 2008 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake brought great losses to the damaged area, for example in Yingxiu town, epicenter location of Wenchuan earthquake, many high magmatite rock slopes failed when Wenchuan earthquake occurred and ruined the area. This paper takes a typical case of Baihua Bridge bedding rock slope from Yingxiu as the object of this research. Baihua Bridge Rock Slope is consisted of siltstone and fine sandstone of the Triassic Xujiahe (Tx1), with well developed bedding planes and other two groups of joints. With the stereographic projection method and the discontinuity network simulation result, the slope potential failure mode is determined. Based on the slope topography map before earthquake, the initial slope model is restored. The process of dynamic response on the rock slope under earthquake is simulated by 3DEC, the critical state of the slope is determined by the trend of monitoring points' displacement-time curves and speed-time curve and then the potential slip surface is been found. The result indicates that the Baihua Bridge slope is far away from stable state and failed during earthquake; its FOS falls to 0.58. The slope failure shows a progressive failure process. © 2013 Taylor & Francis Group, London.
INDEX KEYWORDS: Critical current density (superconductivity); Engineering geology; Rocks; Safety engineering; Slope stability; Topography; Bedding rock slope; Displacement time curves; Network simulation; Potential failure modes; Potential slip surface; Progressive failure process; Stereographic projection; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes
REFERENCES: Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute, (2004); 
Analysis of Seismic Dynamic Response of Slopes in Mountains with Complex Geological Backgrounds, (2009); 
Hu, Xinli, Collapse mode and mechanism of high magmatite rock slope in Wenchuan epicentral area, Diqiu Kexue - Zhongguo Dizhi Daxue Xuebao/Earth Science - Journal of China University of Geosciences, 36, 6, pp. 1149-1154, (2011); 
Keefer, David K., LANDSLIDES CAUSED BY EARTHQUAKES., Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 95, 4, pp. 406-421, (1984); 
Ling, Hoe I., Rock sliding induced by seismic force, International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences and Geomechanics, 34, 6, pp. 1021-1029, (1997); 
Rock and Soil Mechanics, (2003); 
Slope Dynamic Responses Analysis and Its Application, (2004); 
Qiu, Rendong, General laws of dynamic responses of the high slopes under horizontal dynamic input, World Earthquake Engineering, 23, 2, pp. 131-138, (2007); 
Siad, Larbi, Seismic stability analysis of fractured rock slopes by yield design theory, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 23, 3, pp. 21-30, (2003); 
Theory and Method of Numerical Modeling in Engineering Geology, (2001)
PUBLISHER: Taylor and Francis - Balkema pub.nl@tandf.co.uk
SPONSORS: Geology and the Environment (IAEG), International Association for Engineering
CONFERENCE NAME: International Symposium and 9th Asian Regional Conference of IAEG "Global View of Engineering Geology and the Environment"
CONFERENCE DATE: 2013-09-24 through 2013-09-25
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zhang, Y., Cheng, Y., Yin, Y., Wang, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhang, Yongshuang (55883678200); Cheng, Yuliang (55960618500); Yin, Yueping (55687306100); Wang, Jun (55961808400)
55883678200; 55960618500; 55687306100; 55961808400
Main characteristics of high-position debris flows in the Longmenshan region after the Wenchuan earthquake
(2013), pp. 99 - 104, Cited 1 times.
DOI: 10.1201/b15794-17
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84890016097&doi=10.1201%2Fb15794-17&partnerID=40&md5=67a178a09c48242f105ddc6443afe90a

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China; Sichuan Academy of Geological Survey, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; China Geological Environmental Monitoring Institute, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: The high-position debris flow is a kind of debris flows characteristic of the Wenchuan earthquake region. As a conception, it graps the main points of the post-earthquake geological disasters there, that is, the long-term lasting and exetremly destructive force of high-position debris flows. This kind of debris flows can be recognized using the following indexes: the height difference between the material source and the debris flow exit or the gully mouth is more than 350 m; (2) the volume of source accumulation is equal to or more than 60 × 104 m3; and (3) the gradient ratio of a debris flow channel way or gully is equal to or more than 270‰. The control of high-position debris flow gullies is a difficult task which people in the earthquake region would confront in the coming several ten years. © 2013 Taylor & Francis Group, London, ISBN.
INDEX KEYWORDS: Channel flow; Earthquakes; Engineering geology; Landforms; Debris flows; Geological disaster; Gradient ratio; Material sources; Wenchuan Earthquake; Debris
REFERENCES: On Wenchuan Seismological Engineering Geology and Geological Hazard, (2013); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2008); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2011); 
Huang, Runqiu, Development and distribution of geohazards triggered by the 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake in China, Science in China, Series E: Technological Sciences, 52, 4, pp. 810-819, (2009); 
Koi, Takashi, Prolonged impact of earthquake-induced landslides on sediment yield in a mountain watershed: The Tanzawa region, Japan, Geomorphology, 101, 4, pp. 692-702, (2008); 
Engineering Geology, (2012); 
Lin, Ching-Wee Weei, Impacts of the Chi-Chi earthquake on subsequent rainfall-induced landslides in central Taiwan, Engineering Geology, 86, 2-3, pp. 87-101, (2006); 
Liu, Chuanzheng, Disasters induced by the Wenchuan earthquakes, Sichuan, China, and geo-environmental safety, Geological Bulletin of China, 27, 11, pp. 1907-1912, (2008); 
Tang, Chuan, Rainfall-triggered debris flows following the Wenchuan earthquake, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 68, 2, pp. 187-194, (2009); 
Italian Journal of Engineering Geology and Environment, (2006)
PUBLISHER: Taylor and Francis - Balkema pub.nl@tandf.co.uk
SPONSORS: Geology and the Environment (IAEG), International Association for Engineering
CONFERENCE NAME: International Symposium and 9th Asian Regional Conference of IAEG "Global View of Engineering Geology and the Environment"
CONFERENCE DATE: 2013-09-24 through 2013-09-25
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zhang, S., Zhang, L.M., Xiang, B., Yuan, Q.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhang, Shuai (55092670700); Zhang, Limin Min (58883008100); Xiang, Bo (14017031400); Yuan, Quan (55905398400)
55092670700; 58883008100; 14017031400; 55905398400
Travel distances of earthquake-induced landslides
(2013) Geotechnical Special Publication, (231 GSP), pp. 991 - 1001, Cited 4 times.
DOI: 10.1061/9780784412787.101
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84887435846&doi=10.1061%2F9780784412787.101&partnerID=40&md5=21a7e6c14d41beac412198470ddef03a

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Survey, Chengdu Aircraft Design and Research Institute, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Over 30,000 landslides occurred during the Wenchuan earthquake on 12 May 2008 in China. The casualty caused by these earthquake-induced landslides was approximately one quarter of the total casualty of this earthquake. The travel distance is a key parameter that measures the vulnerability to landslides. An appropriate model is required to evaluate the possible travel distances of earthquake-induced landslides so that planners can better select safe sites in earthquake-prone areas in the future. This paper describes a study on the travel distances of earthquake-induced landslides. We focus on 160 landslide cases in which relevant geometric data is available. Considering the substantial variations of the lithology and topographic conditions, multi-variable regression models are established for rock slides and soil slides separately. A comparison between the travel distances of rain-induced landslides and the landslides triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake is also conducted. © 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers.
INDEX KEYWORDS: Embankments; Landslides; Lithology; Regression analysis; Appropriate models; Earthquake-induced landslides; Multi variables; Regression model; Substantial variations; Topographic conditions; Travel distance; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes
REFERENCES: Risk Control of Landslides Induced by the Wenchuan Earthquake, (2011); 
Finlay, P. J., Landslides: Prediction of travel distance and guidelines for vulnerability of persons, pp. 105-113, (1999); 
Catastrophic Landslides in China, (2008); 
Keefer, David K., LANDSLIDES CAUSED BY EARTHQUAKES., Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 95, 4, pp. 406-421, (1984); 
Peng, Ming, Breaching parameters of landslide dams, Landslides, 9, 1, pp. 13-31, (2012); 
Large Scale Landslides Induced by the Wenchuan Earthquake, (2009); 
Large Scale Landslides Induced by the Wenchuan Earthquake, (2009); 
Xu, Yao, Breaching parameters for earth and rockfill dams, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering - ASCE, 135, 12, pp. 1957-1970, (2009); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2008); 
Report of Safeland Living with Landslide Risk in Europe Assessment Effects of Global Change and Risk Management Strategies, (2010)
PUBLISHER: American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) onlinejls@asce.org
SPONSORS: The Geo-Institute of the American Society of Civil Engineers
CONFERENCE NAME: 2013 Congress on Stability and Performance of Slopes and Embankments III, Geo-Congress 2013
CONFERENCE DATE: 2013-03-03 through 2013-03-07
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Ren, Z.-K., Zhang, Z., Dai, F., Yin, J., Zhang, H.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Ren, Zhikun (26321922800); Zhang, Zhuqi (24588369900); Dai, Fuchu (7102055666); Yin, Jinhui (7401693283); Zhang, Huiping (13807113100)
26321922800; 24588369900; 7102055666; 7401693283; 13807113100
Co-seismic landslide topographic analysis based on multi-temporal DEM-A case study of the Wenchuan earthquake
(2013) SpringerPlus, 2 (1), art. no. 544, pp. 1 - 10, Cited 10 times.
DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-2-544
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84887269785&doi=10.1186%2F2193-1801-2-544&partnerID=40&md5=b9575f0bcfe5610c80bfb75344fd6c60

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China; Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Hillslope instability has been thought to be one of the most important factors for landslide susceptibility. In this study, we apply geomorphic analysis using multi-temporal DEM data and shake intensity analysis to evaluate the topographic characteristics of the landslide areas. There are many geomorphologic analysis methods such as roughness, slope aspect, which are also as useful as slope analysis. The analyses indicate that most of the co-seismic landslides occurred in regions with roughness, hillslope and slope aspect of >1.2, >30, and between 90 and 270, respectively. However, the intersection regions from the above three methods are more accurate than that derived by applying single topographic analysis method. The ground motion data indicates that the co-seismic landslides mainly occurred on the hanging wall side of Longmen Shan Thrust Belt within the up-down and horizontal peak ground acceleration (PGA) contour of 150 PGA and 200 gal, respectively. The comparisons of pre- and post-earthquake DEM data indicate that the medium roughness and slope increased, the roughest and steepest regions decreased after the Wenchuan earthquake. However, slope aspects did not even change. Our results indicate that co-seismic landslides mainly occurred at specific regions of high roughness, southward and steep sloping areas under strong ground motion. Co-seismic landslides significantly modified the local topography, especially the hillslope and roughness. The roughest relief and steepest slope are significantly smoothed; however, the medium relief and slope become rougher and steeper, respectively. © 2013 Ren et al.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Co-seismic landslide; Multi-temporal DEM; PGA; Topographic; Wenchuan earthquake
REFERENCES: Burbank, Douglas W., Bedrock incision, rock uplift and threshold hillslopes in the northwestern Himalayas, Nature, 379, 6565, pp. 505-510, (1996); 
Burchfiel, B. Clark, Tectonics of the Longmen Shan and Adjacent Regions, Central China, International Geology Review, 37, 8, pp. 661-735, (1995); 
Burchfiel, B. Clark, A geological and geophysical context for the Wenchuan earthquake of 12 May 2008, Sichuan, People's Republic of China, GSA Today, 18, 7, pp. 4-11, (2008); 
Casson, Bérangère, Contribution of muli-temporal remote sensing images to characterize landslide slip surface - Application to the La Clapière landslide (France), Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 5, 3, pp. 425-437, (2005); 
Chen, Shefa, Emplacement of the Longmen Shan Thrust-Nappe Belt along the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, Journal of Structural Geology, 18, 4, pp. 413-430, (1996); 
Chen, Zhiliang, Global Positioning System measurements from eastern Tibet and their implications for India/Eurasia intercontinental deformation, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 105, B7, pp. 16215-16227, (2000); 
Chung, Chungjo F., Predicting landslides for risk analysis - Spatial models tested by a cross-validation technique, Geomorphology, 94, 3-4, pp. 438-452, (2008); 
Dai, Fuchu, Landslide characteristics and slope instability modeling using GIS, Lantau Island, Hong Kong, Geomorphology, 42, 3-4, pp. 213-228, (2002); 
Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011); 
Dai, Fuchu, Rock avalanches triggered by oblique-thrusting during the 12 May 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Geomorphology, 132, 3-4, pp. 300-318, (2011)
PUBLISHER: SpringerOpen
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS; GREEN FINAL OPEN ACCESS; GREEN OPEN ACCESS

Cai, F., Yang, Q.Q., Su, Z.M.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Cai, Fei (7006714391); Yang, Qingqing (41961589200); Su, Zhiman (36341416300)
7006714391; 41961589200; 36341416300
DDA simulations of large landslides triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake
(2013), pp. 201 - 206, Cited 1 times.
DOI: 10.1201/b15791-25
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84884641812&doi=10.1201%2Fb15791-25&partnerID=40&md5=919ea64a065976281fb7245dc4109652

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan; Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: This paper uses DDA to simulate the movement of three large landslides triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake. The simulated and actual deposits corresponded well only when the apparent friction coefficient, which was obtained by field investigation, was used rather than the friction coefficient measured in the laboratory. Furthermore, two cases, in which initial horizontal velocities of 0 and 1 m/s respectively were assigned to the failed mass, were analyzed to clarify the effect of earthquake energy on deposit. The results show that the initial horizontal velocity had very small influence on the simulated deposits. © 2013 Taylor & Francis Group.
INDEX KEYWORDS: Deformation; Deposits; Disaster prevention; Friction; Landslides; Numerical methods; Field investigation; Friction coefficients; Horizontal velocity; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes
REFERENCES: Chang, Dongsheng, Field testing of erodibility of two landslide dams triggered by the 12 May Wenchuan earthquake, Landslides, 8, 3, pp. 321-332, (2011); 
Hsü, Kenneth Jinghwa, Catastrophic debris streams (sturzstroms) generated by rockfalls, Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 86, 1, pp. 129-140, (1975); 
Scheidegger, Adrian E., On the prediction of the reach and velocity of catastrophic landslides, Rock Mechanics, 5, 4, pp. 231-236, (1973); 
Discontinuous Deformation Analysis A New Numerical Model for the Statics and Dynamics of Block Systems, (1988); 
Shi, Genhua, Discontinuous deformation analysis: A new numerical model for the statics and dynamics of deformable block structures, Engineering Computations, 9, 2, pp. 157-168, (1992); 
Shi, Genhua, Two dimensional discontinuous deformation analysis, International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, 9, 6, pp. 541-556, (1985); 
Shi, Genhua, Generalization of two‐dimensional discontinuous deformation analysis for forward modelling, International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, 13, 4, pp. 359-380, (1989); 
Wu, Jian Hong, Seismic landslide simulations in discontinuous deformation analysis, Computers and Geotechnics, 37, 5, pp. 594-601, (2010); 
Wu, Jian Hong, Application of DDA to simulate characteristics of the Tsaoling landslide, Computers and Geotechnics, 38, 5, pp. 741-750, (2011); 
Large Scale Landslides Induced by the Wenchuan Earthquake, (2009)
PUBLISHER: CRC Press/Balkema
CONFERENCE NAME: 11th International Conference on Analysis of Discontinuous Deformation, ICADD 2013
CONFERENCE DATE: 2013-08-27 through 2013-08-29
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Han, Z., Chen, G., Li, Y., Zheng, L., Zhang, Y., Xu, L.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Han, Zheng (55556913000); Chen, Guangqi (55577206900); Li, Yange (55339639500); Zheng, Lu (55273034500); Zhang, Yingbin Bin (57214256630); Xu, Linrong (7404745385)
55556913000; 55577206900; 55339639500; 55273034500; 57214256630; 7404745385
A numerical simulation of volumetric enlargement for seismic debris flow using integrated DDA and KANAKO 2D
(2013), pp. 281 - 287, Cited 8 times.
DOI: 10.1201/b15791-37
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84884639199&doi=10.1201%2Fb15791-37&partnerID=40&md5=06012903a85e5eb59616d07cdb112f7b

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Japan; School of Civil Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
ABSTRACT: The assessment of the debris-flow hazard potential has to rely on the debris volume, for now seismic condition and relevant influence is not considered in the current estimation method, which causing the calculating volume far less than reality. Current researches indicate that volumetric enlargement for seismic debris flow mostly due to the debris material accumulation along the flowing path induced by earthquake, however only qualitative or semi-quantitative methods are adopted. In this paper, a method integrating with DDA and dilatant flow model based KANAKO 2D is proposed, in which the process of debris material accumulation is simulated by DDA, the processes of debris material entrainment and debris-flow deposition are simulated by KANAKO 2D. To demonstrate this method, Shekeniluo debris flow gully, which located in the high seismic intensity zone of Wenchuan earthquake in Shimian County, Sichuan Province is selected as a case study. Numerical simulation results show that debris volume and influence area would expand to 3 times, and it is also verified to approximate to the investigation result. © 2013 Taylor & Francis Group.
INDEX KEYWORDS: Deformation; Disaster prevention; Earthquakes; Numerical methods; Numerical models; Current estimation; Debris flow hazards; Debris flows; High seismic intensities; Quantitative method; Seismic condition; Sichuan province; Wenchuan Earthquake; Debris
REFERENCES: Cui, Peng, Characteristics and countermeasures of debris flow in Wenchuan area after the earthquake, Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 42, 5, pp. 10-19, (2010); 
Xu, Linrong, Research on lateral distribution features of debris flow velocity and structural optimization of prevention and control works, Yantu Lixue/Rock and Soil Mechanics, 33, 12, pp. 3715-3728, (2012); 
Debris Flow Hazards and Related Phenomena, (2005); 
12th Congress Interpraevent 2012, (2012); 
Technical Standard for Measures Against Debris Flows Draft, (1988); 
Rickenman, Dieter, Empirical relationships for debris flows, Natural Hazards, 19, 1, pp. 47-77, (1999); 
Rickenman, Dieter, The 1987 debris flows in Switzerland: documentation and analysis, Geomorphology, 8, 2-3, pp. 175-189, (1993); 
Debris Flow, (1991); 
Journal of the Japan Society of Erosion Control Engineering, (1991); 
International Symposium Interpraevent, (1984)
PUBLISHER: CRC Press/Balkema
CONFERENCE NAME: 11th International Conference on Analysis of Discontinuous Deformation, ICADD 2013
CONFERENCE DATE: 2013-08-27 through 2013-08-29
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Chen, Z., Lei, T.-W., Yan, Q., Hu, H., Xiong, M.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Chen, Zhanpeng (55541285100); Lei, Tingwu (55823880800); Yan, Qinghong (35294236200); Hu, Heng (55541306100); Xiong, Mingbiao (55571200300)
55541285100; 55823880800; 35294236200; 55541306100; 55571200300
Study on the model for volume estimation of landslides by using 3-D laser scanner in Wenchuan earthquake area
(2013), 4, pp. 2655 - 2662, Cited 0 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84881632274&partnerID=40&md5=803671f8e24cb615368ece7fa09fae5b

AFFILIATIONS: College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; Ecological Environment Monitoring of Sichuan Province Soil and Water Conservation, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Wenchuan earthquake produced massive loosen landslides, which have become the main source of earthquake added soil erosion, to threaten the ecological system recovery and the production and livelihood security of the localities. The landslides in Wenchuan Town, Sichuan Province were measured by using 3-D laser scanner. The model of relationship between their horizontal projected areas and volumes were suggested in this study. The accuracy of the scanning was 20.0x20.0 cm at the place 200 m from the scanner. The geometry shape of landslide segmented was approximated as tetrahedron. The measurements of five typical landslides were used to calibrate a model to link landslide horizontal projected area to the volume. The model was verified by using Cyclone 6.0 software. This estimation model supplies an important basis for earthquake-added soil erosion forecast and volume estimation of earthquake area landslide by using remote-sensing image.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: 3D laser scanner; Earthquake-triggered landslides; Volume estimation model; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Agriculture; Earthquakes; Erosion; Landslides; Laser applications; Scanning; Storms; 3D laser scanners; Earthquake-triggered landslides; Ecological systems; Estimation models; Remote sensing images; Typical landslide; Volume estimations; Wenchuan Earthquake; Three dimensional
REFERENCES: Yin, Yueping, Landslide hazards triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China, Landslides, 6, 2, pp. 139-152, (2009); 
Cui, Peng, Destruction of vegetation due to geo-hazards and its environmental impacts in the Wenchuan earthquake areas, Ecological Engineering, 44, pp. 61-69, (2012); 
Malamud, Bruce D., Landslide inventories and their statistical properties, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 29, 6, pp. 687-711, (2004); 
Galli, Mirco, Comparing landslide inventory maps, Geomorphology, 94, 3-4, pp. 268-289, (2008); 
Imaizumi, Fumitoshi, Linkage of sediment supply and transport processes in Miyagawa Dam catchment, Japan, Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 112, 3, (2007); 
Huang, Runqiu, Analysis of the geo-hazards triggered by the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake, China, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 68, 3, pp. 363-371, (2009); 
Qi, Shengwen, Spatial distribution analysis of landslides triggered by 2008.5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake, China, Engineering Geology, 116, 1-2, pp. 95-108, (2010); 
Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011); 
Görüm, Tolga, Distribution pattern of earthquake-induced landslides triggered by the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Geomorphology, 133, 3-4, pp. 152-167, (2011); 
Imaizumi, Fumitoshi, Effects of forest harvesting on the occurrence of landslides and debris flows in steep terrain of central Japan, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 33, 6, pp. 827-840, (2008)
PUBLISHER: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers hull@asabe.org 2950 Niles Road St. Joseph MI 49085-9659
CONFERENCE NAME: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers Annual International Meeting 2013
CONFERENCE DATE: 2013-07-21 through 2013-07-24
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Huang, R., Zhao, J., Ju, N., Li, G., Lee, M.L., Li, Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Huang, Runqiu (55835407700); Zhao, Jianjun (55729962100); Ju, Nengpan (8377755300); Li, Guo (55643792500); Lee, Min-lee (57200256803); Li, Yanrong (55387899600)
55835407700; 55729962100; 8377755300; 55643792500; 57200256803; 55387899600
Analysis of an anti-dip landslide triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China
(2013) Natural Hazards, 68 (2), pp. 1021 - 1039, Cited 112 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11069-013-0671-5
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84881079633&doi=10.1007%2Fs11069-013-0671-5&partnerID=40&md5=cf59c5143ab3bfae67b5bf9e73dec501

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Broadvision Engineering Consultants, Kunming, Yunnan, China; Department of Civil Engineering, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia; The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
ABSTRACT: The Guantan landslide, with a total displaced mass of about 468 × 104 m3, was triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and succeeding rainfall in Jushui Town, Sichuan Province, China. The landslide occurred on an anti-dip hard rock slope with a weak rock founding stratum of 200 m in thickness. To investigate the failure mechanism of the Guantan landslide, dynamic behaviors of hard and soft rock slopes were investigated by means of large scale shaking table tests. The laboratory models attempted to simulate the field geological conditions of the Guantan landslide. Sinusoidal waves and actual seismic waves measured from the Wenchuan Earthquake were applied on the slope models under 37 loading configurations. The experimental results indicated that deformation mainly developed at a shallow depth in the upper part of the hard rock slope and in the upper (near the crest) and lower (near the toe) parts of the soft rock slope. An equation for predicting the depth of sliding plane was proposed based on the location of the maximum horizontal acceleration. Finally, it was concluded that the failure process of the Guantan landslide occurred in three stages: (1) toppling failure caused by compression of the underlying soft rock strata, (2) formation of crushed hard rock and sliding surface in soft rock as the result of seismic shocks, particularly in the horizontal direction, and (3) aftershock rainfall accelerates the process of mass movement along the sliding plane. © 2013 The Author(s).
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Anti-dip slope; Failure mechanism; Landslide; Shaking table test; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: failure mechanism; landslide; seismic wave; shaking table test; Sichuan earthquake 2008; sliding; slope failure; China; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Ayonghe, Samuel Ndonwi, Seismically activated swarm of landslides, tension cracks, and a rockfall after heavy rainfall in Bafaka, Cameroon, Natural Hazards, 19, 1, pp. 13-27, (1999); 
Chang, Kuo Jen, Analysis of landsliding by earthquake shaking using a block-on-slope thermo-mechanical model: Example of Jiufengershan landslide, central Taiwan, Engineering Geology, 80, 1-2, pp. 151-163, (2005); 
Chigira, Masahiro, Geological and geomorphological characteristics of landslides triggered by the 2004 Mid Niigta prefecture earthquake in Japan, Engineering Geology, 82, 4, pp. 202-221, (2006); 
Hsieh, Yo-Ming, Can tilt tests provide correct insight regarding frictional behavior of sliding rock block under seismic excitation?, Engineering Geology, 122, 1-2, pp. 84-92, (2011); 
Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Landslides, (1996); 
Huang, Runqiu, Mechanisms of large-scale landslides in China, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 71, 1, pp. 161-170, (2012); 
Huang, Runqiu, Development and distribution of geohazards triggered by the 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake in China, Science in China, Series E: Technological Sciences, 52, 4, pp. 810-819, (2009); 
Huang, Runqiu, Analysis of the geo-hazards triggered by the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake, China, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 68, 3, pp. 363-371, (2009); 
Huang, Chingchuan, Dynamic behavior of reinforced walls - Horizontal displacement response, Geotextiles and Geomembranes, 29, 3, pp. 257-267, (2011); 
Huang, Runqiu, Mechanism and geo-mechanics models of landslides triggered by 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake, Journal of Mountain Science, 8, 2, pp. 200-210, (2011)
PUBLISHER: Kluwer Academic Publishers rbk@louisiana.edu
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GREEN ACCEPTED OPEN ACCESS; GREEN OPEN ACCESS; HYBRID GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Cui, P., Zou, Q., Xiang, L.-Z., Zeng, C.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Cui, Peng (56706923500); Zou, Qiang (57203216238); Xiang, Lingzhi (36195988600); Zeng, Chao (59610634800)
56706923500; 57203216238; 36195988600; 59610634800
Risk assessment of simultaneous debris flows in mountain townships
(2013) Progress in Physical Geography, 37 (4), pp. 516 - 542, Cited 59 times.
DOI: 10.1177/0309133313491445
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84880682761&doi=10.1177%2F0309133313491445&partnerID=40&md5=f49bc2455feee4e25132ee2c464441dc

AFFILIATIONS: Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, China; Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, Chongqing, China
ABSTRACT: Many mountain towns in China are located on the joint alluvial fans of multiple and adjacent past debris flows, making them vulnerable to large, multiple, and simultaneous debris flows during heavy rainfall. Without emergency management planning, such flows, often appearing with interconnecting and chain-reaction processes, can lead to extensive loss of life and property. In the Wenchuan earthquake-affected area, such disasters are common. We analyzed the compound effects of simultaneous debris flow events, and proposed three quantitative methods of debris risk assessment based on kinetic energy, flow depth, and inundation depth. Validated using a field study of actual debris flow disasters, these analyses are useful in determining the type, quantity, distribution, economic worth, and susceptibility of hazard-affected objects in a region. Subsequently, we established a method to determine the vulnerability of different hazard-affected objects, particularly concerning the susceptibility indexes of buildings or structures. By analyzing the elements underlying hazard formation conditions, damage potential, and the socio-economic conditions of mountain townships, we proposed a systematic and quantitative method for risk analysis of mountain townships. Finally, the proposed method was applied to a case study of Qingping Township, which was affected by 21 simultaneous debris flows triggered by a 50-year return period precipitation event. The proposed method analyzed the superposition and chain-reaction effects of disasters and divided the affected area of the township into three risk zones. The analysis indicated that the calculated risk zones coincide with the actual distribution and severity of damage in the debris flow event, which suggests that the risk assessment is consistent with results from the actual disaster. © The Author(s) 2013.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: debris flow; hazard analysis; risk assessment; vulnerability; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: alluvial fan; debris flow; earthquake damage; hazard assessment; mountain; risk assessment; Sichuan earthquake 2008; China; Qingping; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Archetti, Renata, Assessment of risk due to debris flow events, Natural Hazards Review, 4, 3, pp. 115-125, (2003); 
Alcántara-Ayala, Irasema, Geomorphological hazards and disaster prevention, pp. 1-291, (2010); 
Bisson, Marina, A rapid method to assess fire-related debris flow hazard in the Mediterranean region: An example from Sicily (southern Italy), International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 7, 3, pp. 217-231, (2005); 
Naturrisiken Und Sozialkatastrophen, (2025); 
Calvo, Benedetto, A real-world application of Monte Carlo procedure for debris flow risk assessment, Computers and Geosciences, 35, 5, pp. 967-977, (2009); 
Cannon, Susan H., Predicting the probability and volume of postwildfire debris flows in the intermountain western United States, Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 122, 1-2, pp. 127-144, (2010); 
Carrasco, Rosa M., Hazard zoning for landslides connected to torrential floods in the Jerte Valley (Spain) by using GIS techniques, Natural Hazards, 30, 3, pp. 361-381, (2003); 
Journal of Natural Disasters, (2002); 
Science in China Series E Technological Sciences, (2003); 
Cui, Peng, The Wenchuan Earthquake (May 12, 2008), Sichuan Province, China, and resulting geohazards, Natural Hazards, 56, 1, pp. 19-36, (2011)
PUBLISHER: SAGE Publications Ltd
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Liu, F., Fu, B.-H., Yang, S.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Liu, Feng (59869859300); Fu, Bihong (7103382662); Yang, Shunhu (55799636400)
59869859300; 7103382662; 55799636400
Time response of river evacuation of great earthquake-induced landslide mass in the Longmen Shan region: A cast study of the 2008 Wenchuan great earthquake
(2013) Acta Geophysica Sinica, 56 (5), pp. 1517 - 1525, Cited 10 times.
DOI: 10.6038/cjg20130510
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84880477650&doi=10.6038%2Fcjg20130510&partnerID=40&md5=107e52b58a258830e70ec369347e2400

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Great earthquakes play an active role in geomorphic evolution of orogenic belts, and the time response of river evacuation of landslide mass induced by great earthquakes is a key aspect in the field of tectonic geomorphology. Here we quantitatively estimate the time response of unloading of the coseimsic landslide mass and sediments due to the 2008 Wenchuan great earthquake by the Minjiang River, flowing across the NE-trending Longmen Shan belt in easternmost Tibet. Assuming a steady state transport capacity of landslide mass the same as that of the modern Minjiang River, our results indicate that a full withdrawal of the landslide mass generated by the Wenchuan earthquake needs to take 3100 years. This timescale is similar to the recurrence interval of great seismic events (~3000 years) like the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in central Longmen Shan. Such consistency suggests an approximate balance between production and erosion of coseismic landslide mass within the recurrence interval of great seismic events in this region. This process of mass unloading may also cause isostatic rebound of the crust beneath this region in addition to other surface processes. The consequent uplift, together with the tectonic shortening and uplift caused by repeated large seismic events, collectively result in the steepest topographic margin in the eastern margin of the Tibetan plateau. Recent geophysical imaging shows a potential of upwelling of asthenospheric materials beneath this region that we interpret as a result of rapid surface unloading induced by repeated great earthquakes.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Asthenospheric upwelling; Earthquake-induced landslide; Evacuation time; Geomorphic evolution; Longmen Shan; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Earthquake effects; Geomorphology; Jurassic; Miocene; Tectonics; Asthenospheric upwelling; Earthquake-induced landslides; Evacuation time; Geomorphic evolution; Great earthquake; Landslide mass; Longmen shan; Minjiang River; Seismic event; Wenchuan Earthquake; Landslides; asthenosphere; earthquake epicenter; estimation method; geomorphology; landslide; river; timescale; uplift; upwelling; China; Longmen Mountains; Min River [Sichuan]; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Avouac, Jean Philippe, Dynamic Processes in Extensional and Compressional Settings - Mountain Building: From Earthquakes to Geological Deformation, 6, pp. 377-439, (2007); 
Hovius, Niels, Sediment flux from a mountain belt derived by landslide mapping, Geology, 25, 3, pp. 231-234, (1997); 
Hovius, Niels, Supply and removal of sediment in a landslide-dominated mountain belt: Central Range, Taiwan, Journal of Geology, 108, 1, pp. 73-89, (2000); 
Parker, Robert N., Mass wasting triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake is greater than orogenic growth, Nature Geoscience, 4, 7, pp. 449-452, (2011); 
Ouimet, William B., Tectonic geomorphology: The hills came tumbling down, Nature Geoscience, 4, 7, pp. 424-425, (2011); 
Li, Haibing, The surface rupture zone distribution of the Wenchuan earthquake (Ms8.0) happened on May 12th, 2008, Geology in China, 35, 5, pp. 803-813, (2008); 
Fu, Bihong, Surface deformation related to the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, and mountain building of the Longmen Shan, eastern Tibetan Plateau, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 805-824, (2011); 
Ran, Yongkang, The maximum coseismic vertical surface displacement and surface deformation pattern accompanying the Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, Chinese Science Bulletin, 55, 9, pp. 841-850, (2010); 
Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011); 
Huang, Runqiu, Development and distribution of geohazards triggered by the 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake in China, Science in China, Series E: Technological Sciences, 52, 4, pp. 810-819, (2009)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Chen, H.X., Zhang, L.M., Zhang, S., Xiang, B., Wang, X.-F.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Chen, Hongxin (55089538300); Zhang, Limin Min (58883008100); Zhang, Shuai (55092670700); Xiang, Bo (14017031400); Wang, Xiaofeng (58747232900)
55089538300; 58883008100; 55092670700; 14017031400; 58747232900
Hybrid simulation of the initiation and runout characteristics of a catastrophic debris flow
(2013) Journal of Mountain Science, 10 (2), pp. 219 - 232, Cited 40 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11629-013-2505-z
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84875983425&doi=10.1007%2Fs11629-013-2505-z&partnerID=40&md5=85720e95e816230efa422b1b5db2c103

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Sichuan Province Transportation Department, Chengdu Aircraft Design and Research Institute, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: On 13 August 2010, a catastrophic debris flow with a volume of 1. 17 million m3occurred in Xiaojiagou Ravine near Yingxiu town of Wenchuan county in Sichuan Province, China. The main source material was the landslide deposits retained in the ravine during the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. This paper describes a two-dimensional hybrid numerical method that simulates the entire process of the debris flow from initiation to transportation and finally to deposition. The study area is discretized into a grid of square zones. A two dimensional finite difference method is then applied to simulate the rainfall-runoff and debris flow runout processes. The analysis is divided into three steps; namely, rainfall-runoff simulation, mixing water and solid materials, and debris flow runout simulation. The rainfall-runoff simulation is firstly conducted to obtain the cumulative runoff near the location of main source material and at the outlet of the first branch. The water and solid materials are then mixed to create an inflow hydrograph for the debris flow runout simulation. The occurrence time and volume of the debris flow can be estimated in this step. Finally the runout process of the debris flow is simulated. When the yield stress is high, it controls the deposition zone. When the yield stress is medium or low, both yield stress and viscosity influence the deposition zone. The flow velocity is largely influenced by the viscosity. The estimated yield stress by the equation, τ<inf>y</inf>= ρghsin θ, and the estimated viscosity by the equation established by Bisantino et al. (2010) provide good estimates of the area of the debris flow fan and the distribution of deposition depth. © 2013 Science Press, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, CAS and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flow; Landslide; Numerical simulation; Rain-induced landslide; Runout distance; Surface runoff; Wenchuan earthquake
REFERENCES: Bisantino, Tiziana, Rheological characteristics of debris-flow material in South-Gargano watersheds, Natural Hazards, 54, 2, pp. 209-223, (2010); 
Dambrk User S Manual, (1989); 
Četina, Matjaž, Case Study: Numerical Simulations of Debris Flow below Stože, Slovenia, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 132, 2, pp. 121-130, (2006); 
Chen, Li, Green-Ampt infiltration model for sloping surfaces, Water Resources Research, 42, 7, (2006); 
Chen, Hongxin, Mechanisms and runout characteristics of the rainfall-triggered debris flow in Xiaojiagou in Sichuan Province, China, Natural Hazards, 62, 3, pp. 1037-1057, (2012); 
Quaternary Sciences, (2003); 
Cui, Peng, The Wenchuan Earthquake (May 12, 2008), Sichuan Province, China, and resulting geohazards, Natural Hazards, 56, 1, pp. 19-36, (2011); 
Cui, Peng, Prediction of debris-flow danger area by combining hydrological and inundation simulation methods, Journal of Mountain Science, 8, 1, pp. 1-9, (2011); 
Flo 2d Reference Manual, (2025); 
Fraccarollo, Luigi, Numerical simulation of real debris-flow events, Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere, 25, 9, pp. 757-763, (2000)
PUBLISHER: Science Press shengtaixuebao@mail.rcees.ac.cn
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Chen, X., You, Y., Cui, P., Li, D., Yang, D.-X.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Chen, Xiaoqing (55739112600); You, Yong (35811595800); Cui, Peng (56706923500); Li, Deji (55636148800); Yang, Dongxu (55635875700)
55739112600; 35811595800; 56706923500; 55636148800; 55635875700
New control methods for large debris flows in Wenchuan earthquake area
(2013) Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 45 (1), pp. 14 - 22, Cited 23 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84875634181&partnerID=40&md5=c5db8c7a166c78ca017f2a1c862b9830

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: The Wenchuan earthquake has induced a great mass of collapse and landslide in the Longmen Mountain area, leading to the occurrence of extra-large scale debris flows. Through analyzing the failure reasons of two typical debris flow prevention engineerings, the main reason was that the stone masonry structure, which has been widely applied currently, has weak availability of resistance from debris flow. In order to resist the damaging of extra-large scale debris flows, new engineering structures were proposed for preventing debris flow, such as combination of check dam and drainage canal. The details of these new structures were check dam with the type of reinforced concrete frame + stone masonry dam body and prefabricated reinforced concrete cube boxes, drainage canal with the type of compound section and prefabricated reinforced concrete cube boxes. These new structures can improve the resistant abilities of check dams, decrease construction cycle, protect eco-environment of drainage area and make full use of existing materials in the gully without increasing investment. This new technology proposed can effectively control the extra-large scale debris flow in the Longmen Mountain area.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Control work; Extra-large scale debris flow; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Construction cycle; Control works; Debris flows; Engineering structures; Longmen Mountain; New technologies; Reinforced concrete frames; Wenchuan Earthquake; Canals; Concretes; Dams; Drainage; Earthquakes; Masonry materials; Reinforced concrete; Debris
REFERENCES: Journal of Mountain Science, (2009); 
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences, (2008); 
Cui, Peng, The Wenchuan Earthquake (May 12, 2008), Sichuan Province, China, and resulting geohazards, Natural Hazards, 56, 1, pp. 19-36, (2011); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2008); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2010); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2011); 
Research of Soil and Water Conservation, (2012); 
Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation, (1997); 
Wang, Genlong, Post-thinking of the former mitigation measures for the Sanyanyu debris flow, Northwestern Geology, 44, 3, pp. 115-121, (2011); 
Earth and Environment, (2011)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Li, Y., Xie, J., Zhou, X.-J., Guo, X.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Li, Yong (56044366400); Xie, Jiang (55635756000); Zhou, Xiaojun (57198476576); Guo, Xiaojun (55636231600)
56044366400; 55635756000; 57198476576; 55636231600
A scaling distribution for grain composition of debris flow
(2013) Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 45 (1), pp. 1 - 7, Cited 5 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84875622764&partnerID=40&md5=c5911f0d2c6efbdb1c0dfe3f14091309

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Based on soil samples from living debris flows in Jiangjia Gully and deposits of debris flows in various valleys and regions in China, a general form of grain size distribution, P(D) = CD-μexp(-D/D<inf>c</inf>), which fitted the soils of debris flows perfectly and universally was proposed. The values of μ and D<inf>c</inf> were used to describe the nature of grain composition, where the power exponent represents some characteristic porosity of the soilin natural condition, and D<inf>c</inf> defines a characteristic scale for the range of grains. According to soil samples of debris flow from various sources, μ is less than 0.1, and for high density debris flow, μ is less than 0.05. The bulk density of debris flow increases with D<inf>c</inf> in a power law. So the parameter D<inf>c</inf> can depict the power of the transportation of debris flow. Finally, the parameters were used to evaluate the debris flows occurred in the Wenchuan earthquake area, which agrees well with the observations in Jiangjia Gully.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flow; Debris flow evaluation; Distribution parameters; Grain distribution curve; Scaling distribution
INDEX KEYWORDS: Debris flows; Distribution parameters; Grain composition; Grain distribution; Grain size distribution; Natural conditions; Scaling distributions; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes; Grain size and shape; Landforms; Soil surveys; Debris
REFERENCES: Batrouni, Ghassan George, Stochastic model for the motion of a particle on an inclined rough plane and the onset of viscous friction, Physical Review E, 53, 6 SUPPL. B, pp. 6496-6503, (1996); 
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Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, (1956); 
Huang, Rui, Dynmic characteristics of debris flow based on the granularmetric analysis of the value of φ, Jilin Daxue Xuebao (Diqiu Kexue Ban)/Journal of Jilin University (Earth Science Edition), 41, 1, pp. 182-187, (2011); 
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Science of Water and Soil Conservation, (2011); 
Sedimentary Research, (1983); 
Sedimentary Research, (1985); 
Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute, (1999)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Peng, Y., Wang, Y., Fu, B., Ma, F.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Peng, Yi (59608364800); Wang, Yukuan (57217193361); Fu, Bin (57207275508); Ma, Fei (55614909500)
59608364800; 57217193361; 57207275508; 55614909500
Spatial distribution of carbon storage function and seismic damage in wenchuan earthquake stricken areas
(2013) Shengtai Xuebao, 33 (3), pp. 798 - 808, Cited 9 times.
DOI: 10.5846/stxb201203260414
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84874625752&doi=10.5846%2Fstxb201203260414&partnerID=40&md5=5b7cbbb9704bdddfa87db70bc616eb83

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: The value of terrestrial ecosystem carbon sequestration services has been widely recognized. Forests, grasslands and other ecosystems can store large amounts of carbon, which is the key to mitigating global climate change. The eco- environment of the western region of Sichuan Province was greatly destroyed by the earthquake which had occurred in Wenchuan on May 12, 2008. One of the direct impacts is that the landscape was seriously damaged and the disturbed eco- system released a significant amount of carbon dioxide because of sudden changes inland utilization and vegetation cover. Our goal was to use the maps of land use and land cover types and data of carbon reserves stocks in four carbon pools to estimate the amount of carbon stored in a landscape currently and the pre-seismic amount of carbon in the earthquake-hit areas, and then we have got a series of maps which can help us to conduct carbon management. Based on the geographical information system software of ArcGIS, this paper presented the evaluation index system to assess the carbon storage function of the earthquake-hit area, by calculating the density of carbon storage for four carbon pools (aboveground biomass, underground biomass, soil carbon and dead organic matter) in each grid. In addition, this paper also analyzed the spatial pattern of carbon storage function in this area. The results showed that the total carbon storage volume of the earthquake-hit area is 3. 97×108 t based on the spatial analysis module of ArcGIS and the average carbon density is 52. 2 t/ hm2. The ecosystem with the highest carbon storage and carbon density is represented by subalpine evergreen coniferous forest. The carbon storage volume increased with the increasing slope gradient and altitude. The carbon storage volume in the area where the slope is greater than 35°is 1. 3×108 t, accounts for 33. 9% of the total carbon storage volume in the earthquake- hit area. Because of the forests was destroyed by the powerful earthquake, the function of carbon storage presents a suddenly drop sat altitude of 750-1750m. In addition, the impact of earthquakes on the carbon storage is that the carbon stocks lowered primarily owing to vegetation damage, with the overall reduction reaching 9. 98×106 t. The most severely degraded areas are located in the northern mountains of Pengzhou County and Shifang County, along the southwestward extension of the Longmen Mountain. The recommendations of post-disaster reconstruction, vegetation and carbon management are listed as follows. 1) Expanding the area of forest coverage and improving forest quality is a key point to play an important role in forest carbon storage. 2) The vegetation restoration in the earthquake-hit area is given priority to the natural restoration approach of forest reservation, complementary with artificial approaches, such as artificial reforestation and landslide engineering control measures. The risk of secondary disasters can be decreased while ecosystem carbon storage function of the destroyed area is reconstructed. 3) To enhance the carbon contributions of farmland and grazing land area by pushing no-tillage agriculture, developing ecological agriculture, establishing a series of measures to improve comprehensive utilization (e. g., taking the action of returning straw to the field instead of burning them), and strengthening the carrying capacity control of prairie areas. Our results will help guide the vegetation recovery, carbon management and carbon trading. But most importantly, they can support a series of decisions made by government sat various levels in the earthquake-hit areas.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Carbon storage; Ecosystem function; GIS; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: biomass; carbon dioxide; carbon sequestration; carrying capacity; coniferous forest; ecosystem function; GIS; global climate; landscape; landslide; prairie; reforestation; restoration ecology; risk factor; seismic hazard; Sichuan earthquake 2008; soil carbon; soil organic matter; spatial distribution; terrestrial ecosystem; trade-environment relations; vegetation cover; volume; zero tillage; China; Longmen Mountains; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Economics of Climate Change the Stern Review, (2007); 
Canadell, Josep G., Managing forests for climate change mitigation, Science, 320, 5882, pp. 1456-1457, (2008); 
State and Trends of the Carbon Market 2009, (2008); 
Forging A Frontier State of the Voluntary Carbon Markets 2008, (2008); 
Pagiola, Stefano, Payments for environmental services in Costa Rica, Ecological Economics, 65, 4, pp. 712-724, (2008); 
Prepared by the National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Programme, (2006); 
Lal, Rattan A., Soil carbon sequestration impacts on global climate change and food security, Science, 304, 5677, pp. 1623-1627, (2004); 
Wu, Dan, Carbon fixation estimation for the main plantation forest species in the red soil hilly region of southern-central Jiangxi Province, China, Shengtai Xuebao, 32, 1, pp. 142-151, (2012); 
Peng, Shouzhang, Spatial distribution characteristics of the biomass and carbon storage of Qinghai spruce (Picea crassifolia) forests in Qilian Mountains, Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 22, 7, pp. 1689-1694, (2011); 
Ecological Studies, (1980)
PUBLISHER: Science Press
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; BRONZE OPEN ACCESS

Tang, Y., Yang, Q., Zhou, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Tang, Yiqun (7404592044); Yang, Qi (59803639500); Zhou, Jie (57144900600)
7404592044; 59803639500; 57144900600
Mechanism analysis of Wenchuan Earthquake damage to building foundation
(2013) Tongji Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Tongji University, 41 (1), pp. 39 - 127, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-374x.2013.01.007
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84874524341&doi=10.3969%2Fj.issn.0253-374x.2013.01.007&partnerID=40&md5=1debe4be5b1f09e7474b1f2ee4cf6971

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Engineering, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China; College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
ABSTRACT: Wenchuan Earthquake destroyed a large number of buildings and induced a lot of causalities and many secondary geological disasters such as rock fall, landslide, debris flow and damming lake. Based on the geological structure of Wenchuan and a detailed field investigation of housing damage and secondary geological disasters, the earthquake damage to the building foundation is analyzed from the seismic response and failure mechanism. The main failure modes of house construction and foundation are summed up in earthquake. From the point of interaction of soil and structure, the corresponding earthquake disaster prevention and mitigation measures are proposed based on the classification of rigid and flexible foundations. Meanwhile, the classification treatment and division prevention are pointed out from the economical prespect.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Construction foundation; Earthquake; Earthquake response; Failure mechanism; Prevention concept
INDEX KEYWORDS: Building foundations; Debris flows; Earthquake damages; Earthquake disaster; Earthquake response; Failure mechanism; Field investigation; Flexible foundations; Geological disaster; Geological structures; House construction; Mechanism analysis; Prevention concept; Rockfalls; Wenchuan Earthquake; Debris; Disaster prevention; Disasters; Earthquakes; Foundations; Housing; Rock bursts; Seismic response; Rigid structures
REFERENCES: Bird, Juliet F., Earthquake losses due to ground failure, Engineering Geology, 75, 2, pp. 147-179, (2004); 
Earth and Environment, (2007); 
Wang, Zhihua, Digital landslide technology and its application in investigation of Tiantai Town landslide, Yantu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 28, 4, pp. 516-520, (2006); 
Li, Deren Ren, Progress of permanent scatterer interferometry, Wuhan Daxue Xuebao (Xinxi Kexue Ban)/Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, 29, 8, (2004); 
Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control, (1997); 
Chinese Soil Water Conservation, (2003); 
Hazards and Prevention Engineering, (2006); 
Quaternary Sciences, (2004); 
Xie, Fuqi, The seismic damage mode of bridge in Wenchuan Earthquake, pp. 4213-4216, (2011); 
Han, Qiang, Seismic damage of highway bridges during the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, 8, 2, pp. 263-273, (2009)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Peng, M., Zhang, L.M.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Peng, Ming (37108434300); Zhang, Limin Min (58883008100)
37108434300; 58883008100
Dynamic decision making for dam-break emergency management-Part 2: Application to Tangjiashan landslide dam failure
(2013) Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 13 (2), pp. 439 - 454, Cited 48 times.
DOI: 10.5194/nhess-13-439-2013
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84874049210&doi=10.5194%2Fnhess-13-439-2013&partnerID=40&md5=8e0034fcfe4b000713381709cd0a9970

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Geotechnical Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
ABSTRACT: Tangjiashan landslide dam, which was triggered by the M<inf>s</inf>Combining double low line 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake in 2008 in China, threatened 1.2 million people downstream of the dam. All people in Beichuan Town 3.5 km downstream of the dam and 197 thousand people in Mianyang City 85 km downstream of the dam were evacuated 10 days before the breaching of the dam. Making such an important decision under uncertainty was difficult. This paper applied a dynamic decision-making framework for dam-break emergency management (DYDEM) to help rational decision in the emergency management of the Tangjiashan landslide dam. Three stages are identified with different levels of hydrological, geological and social-economic information along the timeline of the landslide dam failure event. The probability of dam failure is taken as a time series. The dam breaching parameters are predicted with a set of empirical models in stage 1 when no soil property information is known, and a physical model in stages 2 and 3 when knowledge of soil properties has been obtained. The flood routing downstream of the dam in these three stages is analyzed to evaluate the population at risk (PAR). The flood consequences, including evacuation costs, flood damage and monetized loss of life, are evaluated as functions of warning time using a human risk analysis model based on Bayesian networks. Finally, dynamic decision analysis is conducted to find the optimal time to evacuate the population at risk with minimum total loss in each of these three stages. © 2013 Author(s).
INDEX KEYWORDS: Bayesian analysis; dam failure; decision analysis; decision making; disaster management; landslide; risk assessment; Beichuan; China; Mianyang; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Time Series Analysis Forecasting and Control, (2008); 
Briaud, Jean Louis, Levee erosion by overtopping in New Orleans during the Katrina Hurricane, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering - ASCE, 134, 5, pp. 618-632, (2008); 
Cctv News Shocking 29 Days of Tangjiashan Landslide Dam Three Breaching Scenarios Were Predicted Reproduced by People Com Cn; 
Chang, Dongsheng, Simulation of the erosion process of landslide dams due to overtopping considering variations in soil erodibility along depth, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 10, 4, pp. 933-946, (2010); 
Chang, Dongsheng, Field testing of erodibility of two landslide dams triggered by the 12 May Wenchuan earthquake, Landslides, 8, 3, pp. 321-332, (2011); 
Cui, Peng, The 12 May Wenchuan earthquake-induced landslide lakes: Distribution and preliminary risk evaluation, Landslides, 6, 3, pp. 209-223, (2009); 
Dong, J. J., The formation and breach of a short-lived landslide dam at Hsiaolin village, Taiwan - Part I: Post-event reconstruction of dam geometry, Engineering Geology, 123, 1-2, pp. 40-59, (2011); 
Evacuation Decision Making for the Tangjiashan Landslide Dam, (2008); 
Hu, Xiewen, Analysis of blocking river mechanism of Tangjiashan landslide and dam-breaking mode of its barrier dam, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 28, 1, pp. 181-189, (2009); 
Proceeding of Annul Meeting of Chinese Hydraulic Engineering Society in 2008 Haikou Hainan Province China, (2008)
PUBLISHER: Copernicus GmbH info@copernicus.org
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Huang, R., Huang, J., Ju, N., He, C., Li, W.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Huang, Runqiu (55835407700); Huang, Jian (56063226300); Ju, Nengpan (8377755300); He, Chaoyang (36918503300); Li, Weile (25936551300)
55835407700; 56063226300; 8377755300; 36918503300; 25936551300
WebGIS-based information management system for landslides triggered by Wenchuan earthquake
(2013) Natural Hazards, 65 (3), pp. 1507 - 1517, Cited 22 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11069-012-0424-x
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84871936882&doi=10.1007%2Fs11069-012-0424-x&partnerID=40&md5=3cea46c9fa94b181b729a2be95553814

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: A digital landslide database has been created for Sichuan province, where a magnitude 8. 0 earthquake at 2:28 p. m. on May 12, 2008, to provide the authorities and scientific communities with a tool for landslide risk assessment, emergency management, land-use planning, development of early warning system and enhancement of public awareness of natural hazards. Landslide data have been obtained from a variety of sources including technical reports and landslide inventory maps, and most of which were based on fieldwork and interpretation of aerial photographs. This paper presents the sources of landslide information, database design and the webGIS-based information management system. The database currently contains spatial information for about 9,000 landslides that were mostly triggered by the earthquake. Slide is the most common type of landslide in the database, but other types including rockfall and debris flow have also been identified. The website is an online GIS, providing access to comprehensive landslide information via the Internet. The development of the website allowed us to define the state of knowledge on landslide processes in Sichuan and to provide a preliminary identification of areas affected by landslides. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Information management system; Landslide database; WebGIS; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: database; early warning system; GIS; hazard management; identification method; information management; land use planning; landslide; risk assessment; Sichuan earthquake 2008; trigger mechanism; World Wide Web
REFERENCES: Devoli, Graziella, A landslide database for Nicaragua: A tool for landslide-hazard management, Landslides, 4, 2, pp. 163-176, (2007); 
Dunbar, Paula K., Increasing public awareness of natural hazards via the Internet, Natural Hazards, 42, 3, pp. 529-536, (2007); 
Glade, Thomas W., Towards a national landslide information base for New Zealand, New Zealand Geographer, 52, 1, pp. 29-40, (1996); 
Chin J Geol Hazard Control, (2005); 
Geoscience and Remote Sensing IEEE International Symposium, (2004); 
Mathiyalagan, V., A WebGIS and geodatabase for Florida's wetlands, Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 47, 1, pp. 69-75, (2005); 
Rathore, Devendra Singh, A Web GIS Application for Dams and Drought in India, Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing, 38, 4, pp. 670-673, (2010); 
Rasdorf, William J., Information management at state highway departments: Issues and needs, Journal of Transportation Engineering, 126, 2, pp. 134-142, (2000); 
Dikau, Richard, Databases and GIS for landslide research in Europe, Geomorphology, 15, 3-4 SPEC. ISS., pp. 227-239, (1996); 
Romang, Hans E., IFKIS-Hydro: An early warning and information system for floods and debris flows, Natural Hazards, 56, 2, pp. 509-527, (2011)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Yang, W., Wang, M., Shi, P.J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Yang, Wentao (55499294400); Wang, Ming (55732001400); Shi, Peijun (7202160985)
55499294400; 55732001400; 7202160985
Using MODIS NDVI time series to identify geographic patterns of landslides in vegetated regions
(2013) IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, 10 (4), art. no. 6341795, pp. 707 - 710, Cited 77 times.
DOI: 10.1109/LGRS.2012.2219576
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84870885289&doi=10.1109%2FLGRS.2012.2219576&partnerID=40&md5=040ff0c2570ad513d196cf2d88df02ef

AFFILIATIONS: Academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: The 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake that occurred in a mountainous region of China induced massive landslides and caused numerous casualties and property losses. Analyzing the disturbances on vegetation detected from the abnormal sudden drops of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) within a short period can be used for the purpose of rapid landslide identification. Although much research has confirmed the necessity of high-resolution satellite images in landslides identification, Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometry (MODIS) products still have their usefulness for high temporal resolution, as investigated by the authors. Using MODIS MOD09Q1 NDVI products at a temporal interval of 8 days during 2008, this letter presents a method that has been developed to identify landslide distribution and evolution patterns. First, to find the optimal threshold, the MODIS NDVI time series are analyzed in a training area by an iteration searching procedure. Second, the chosen threshold is used in a larger validation area. To examine the effectiveness of the proposed method, the results are compared to interpreted landslides using SPOT5 images with a spatial resolution of 2.5 m acquired before and after the main shock. An overall 75% accuracy is achieved, and better consistency is observed for landslides extending over one MODIS pixel. The proposed method has also been applied to the Wenchuan earthquake affected areas with seismic intensity IX and greater, and the similar spatial pattern of landslides distribution is obtained when compared with results by using high-resolution images and field investigation. This technique can be applied practically for rapid landslide assessment at a relatively large region after a major earthquake or other severe disturbance events. © 2012 IEEE.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Earthquake; landslide identification; normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) time series; remote sensing
INDEX KEYWORDS: Affected area; Field investigation; Geographic pattern; High resolution image; High resolution satellite images; High temporal resolution; Landslide identification; Large regions; Main shock; Moderate resolution; Mountainous regions; NDVI time series; Normalized difference vegetation index; Normalized difference vegetation index time series; Optimal threshold; Property loss; Seismic intensity; Short periods; Spatial patterns; Spatial resolution; Spectroradiometry; Temporal intervals; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes; Iterative methods; Radiometers; Remote sensing; Time series; Landslides
REFERENCES: Mantovani, Franco, Remote sensing techniques for landslide studies and hazard zonation in Europe, Geomorphology, 15, 3-4 SPEC. ISS., pp. 213-225, (1996); 
Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Landslides, (1988); 
Geologia Tecnica, (1991); 
Metternicht, Graciela I., Remote sensing of landslides: An analysis of the potential contribution to geo-spatial systems for hazard assessment in mountainous environments, Remote Sensing of Environment, 98, 2-3, pp. 284-303, (2005); 
Rossi, Mauro, Optimal landslide susceptibility zonation based on multiple forecasts, Geomorphology, 114, 3, pp. 129-142, (2010); 
Mondini, Alessandro C., Semi-automatic recognition and mapping of rainfall induced shallow landslides using optical satellite images, Remote Sensing of Environment, 115, 7, pp. 1743-1757, (2011); 
Stumpf, André, Object-oriented mapping of landslides using Random Forests, Remote Sensing of Environment, 115, 10, pp. 2564-2577, (2011); 
Lu, Ping, Object-oriented change detection for landslide rapid mapping, IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, 8, 4, pp. 701-705, (2011); 
Martha, Tapas Ranjan, Characterising spectral, spatial and morphometric properties of landslides for semi-automatic detection using object-oriented methods, Geomorphology, 116, 1-2, pp. 24-36, (2010); 
Martha, Tapas Ranjan, Segment optimization and data-driven thresholding for knowledge-based landslide detection by object-based image analysis, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 49, 12 PART 1, pp. 4928-4943, (2011)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Yu, B., Ma, Y., Wu, Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Yu, Bin (37058094800); Ma, Yu (55545892700); Wu, Yufu (43561996100)
37058094800; 55545892700; 43561996100
Case study of a giant debris flow in the Wenjia Gully, Sichuan Province, China
(2013) Natural Hazards, 65 (1), pp. 835 - 849, Cited 80 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11069-012-0395-y
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84870793879&doi=10.1007%2Fs11069-012-0395-y&partnerID=40&md5=0d38479b9b2d8f1c246e03cbe9fa7adc

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Engineering and Technical College, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: The debris flow, which was triggered in the Wenjia Gully on August 13, 2010, is an extreme example of mass movement events, which occurred after the Wenchuan earthquake of May 12, 2008. This Earthquake triggered in the Wenjia Gully the second largest co-seismic landslide, which can be classified as a rockslide-debris avalanche. A lot of loose sediments was deposited in the basin. In the main so called Deposition Area II of this landslide, with a volume of 30 × 106 m3, flash floods can easily trigger debris flows because of the steep bottom slope and the relative small grain sizes of the sediments. The largest debris flow of August 13, 2010 destroyed the most downstream dam in the catchment during a heavy rain storm. The debris flow with a peak discharge of 1,530 m3/s and a total volume of 3. 1 × 106 m3 caused the death of 7 persons, 5 persons were missing, 39 persons were injured and 479 houses buried. After three rainy seasons, only 16 % of the landslide-debris deposition was taken away by 5 large-scale debris flow events. Since the threshold for rainfall triggered debris flows in the Wenjia Gully and other catchments drastically decreased after the Wenchuan Earthquake, new catastrophic events are expected in the future during the rainy season. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Co-seismic rockslide-debris avalanche; Meteorological threshold for debris flows; Peak discharges; Rainfall triggered debris flows; Wenchuan earthquake; Wenjia Gully; Yield strength
INDEX KEYWORDS: debris avalanche; debris flow; landslide; peak discharge; rainfall; Sichuan earthquake 2008; China; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Chen, Hongey, Recent rainfall-induced landslides and debris flow in northern Taiwan, Geomorphology, 77, 1-2, pp. 112-125, (2006); 
Chen, Ningsheng, The critical rainfall characteristics for torrents and debris flows in the Wenchuan earthquake stricken area, Journal of Mountain Science, 6, 4, pp. 362-372, (2009); 
Chiou, Shianjin, Evaluating landslides and sediment yields induced by the chi-chi earthquake and followed heavy rainfalls along the ta-chia river, Journal of GeoEngineering, 2, 2, pp. 73-83, (2007); 
Cui, Peng, The Wenchuan Earthquake (May 12, 2008), Sichuan Province, China, and resulting geohazards, Natural Hazards, 56, 1, pp. 19-36, (2011); 
Memoirs of Lanzhou Institute of Glaciology and Geocryology, (1984); 
Huang, Runqiu, Analysis of the geo-hazards triggered by the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake, China, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 68, 3, pp. 363-371, (2009); 
Huang, Runqiu, The characteristics and failure mechanism of the largest landslide triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake, May 12, 2008, China, Landslides, 9, 1, pp. 131-142, (2012); 
Jakob, Matthias, A size classification for debris flows, Engineering Geology, 79, 3-4, pp. 151-161, (2005); 
Lin, Guan-Wei, Influence of typhoons and earthquakes on rainfall-induced landslides and suspended sediments discharge, Engineering Geology, 97, 1-2, pp. 32-41, (2008); 
Liu, Chiannan, Impacts of september 21, 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake on the characteristics of gully-type debris flows in central Taiwan, Natural Hazards, 47, 3, pp. 349-368, (2008)
PUBLISHER: Kluwer Academic Publishers
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Dong, J., Li, Z., Huang, Z., Yang, J., Yang, G.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Dong, Jinyu (35723828000); Li, Zili (56075603500); Huang, Zhiquan (55369552800); Yang, Jihong (53664816400); Yang, Guoxiang (36769878300)
35723828000; 56075603500; 55369552800; 53664816400; 36769878300
Analysis of typical example and genesis of landslide triggered by wenchuan earthquake in China
(2012) Applied Mechanics and Materials, 238, pp. 886 - 889, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.238.886
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84871568405&doi=10.4028%2Fwww.scientific.net%2FAMM.238.886&partnerID=40&md5=b9d3a2592c6059165d77c1190c6a41cf

AFFILIATIONS: North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: As the main geohazard triggered by Wenchuan earthquake, landslide is widely distributed. It caused many people lost their lives and incipient fault. This paper analyzes the genesis of these landslides from the aspects of geomorphy, geological structure of slope body, rock characters, earthquake motion, stable condition of slope, weathering effect and stream action. Strong earthquake motion near the fracture zone and geological structure of slope body are the main reasons caused the slope failure. Take Wangjiayan landslide as the typical example, the genesis of earthquake-induced landslide is analyzed. Strong earthquake motion near the fracture zone and the extroversion structural surfaces are the main reasons caused the slide, and great slope and instable state of slope can also promote the slop failure. Failure process of slope is also analyzed. © (2012) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Failure process; Geological structure of slope; Slope; Strong earthquake motion; Structural surface
INDEX KEYWORDS: Earthquake motion; Failure process; Geological structures; Slope; Structural surfaces; Civil engineering; Earthquakes; Landslides; Weathering
REFERENCES: Yang, Zhifa, Earthquake-induced geological hazards in west of Anxian county and considerations of engineering geomechanical problems, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 27, 9, pp. 1807-1813, (2008); 
Huang, Runqiu, Research on development and distribution rules of geohazards induced by Wenchuan earthquake on 12th May, 2008, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 27, 12, pp. 2585-2592, (2008); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2001); 
Wang, Xiuying, Characteristics of landslides induced by Wenchuan MS 8.0 Earthquake and preliminary analysis of their relations with ground motion parameters, Yantu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 31, 9, pp. 1378-1383, (2009); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2009); 
Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control, (2009)
CONFERENCE NAME: International Conference on Civil Engineering, Architecture and Sustainable Infrastructure, ICCEASI 2012
CONFERENCE DATE: 2012-09-22 through 2012-09-24
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wu, C., Wang, J., Lu, T., Wu, Y., Wu, N.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wu, Cong (57199393549); Wang, Jinniu (55238022400); Lu, Tao (56406648100); Wu, Yan (56165395200); Wu, Ning (36956501500)
57199393549; 55238022400; 56406648100; 56165395200; 36956501500
Effect of wenchuan earthquake on soil physical and chemical properties of the Longmen Mountain, Southwestern China
(2012) Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology, 18 (6), pp. 911 - 916, Cited 10 times.
DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1145.2012.00911
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84873373223&doi=10.3724%2FSP.J.1145.2012.00911&partnerID=40&md5=ad19285a182f5f69ae305c66c189eaf0

AFFILIATIONS: Chengdu Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal
ABSTRACT: The Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake in 2008 led to huge damage to land covers in northwestern Sichuan, one of the critical fragile eco-regions in China. In this paper, the soil physical and chemical properties at the landslide sites induced by the earthquake were assessed in a comparable framework which included three regions, i.e. eastern side, western side and the transitional zone of the Longmen Mountain, and represented different climate and vegetation background. Compared with the undisturbed area, the results indicated that soil sand content increased significantly on the landslide of all case-study areas (P<0.05), while cation exchange capacity, organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, nitrate nitrogen, mineral nitrogen, silt content and clay contents decreased significantly (P<0.05) in all three research regions. The soil pH, the ammonia nitrogen content, and the ratios of mineral nitrogen/total nitrogen and C/N did not show a regular trend. Moreover, the total potassium content did not change obviously (P>0.05) in the three regions. In conclusion, most of the soil quality indices decreased significantly on earthquake-triggered landslides.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Landslide; Mountain soil; Physical and chemical property; Wenchuan earthquake
REFERENCES: Loucks, Colby J., The giant pandas of the Qinling Mountains, China: A case study in designing conservation landscapes for elevational migrants, Conservation Biology, 17, 2, pp. 558-565, (2003); 
Bull Chin Acad Sci, (2008); 
Swcc, (2009); 
Hua, Lizhong, Remote sensing identification of earthquake trigged landsides and their impacts on ecosystem services: A case study of Wenchuan County, Shengtai Xuebao, 28, 12, pp. 5909-5916, (2008); 
Journal of Remote Sensing, (2008); 
Huang, Runqiu, Research on development and distribution rules of geohazards induced by Wenchuan earthquake on 12th May, 2008, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 27, 12, pp. 2585-2592, (2008); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2009); 
Recourc Surv Environ, (2011); 
Yin, Yueping, Landslide hazards triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China, Landslides, 6, 2, pp. 139-152, (2009); 
Science Technology Review, (2009)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Dang, C., Chu, N., Ding, Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Dang, Chao (18433637500); Chu, Nana (57390737300); Ding, Yu (35796958300)
18433637500; 57390737300; 35796958300
Natural dam break forecasting by use of dambrk model
(2012) Advanced Materials Research, 594-597, pp. 2262 - 2266, Cited 1 times.
DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.594-597.2262
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84871068949&doi=10.4028%2Fwww.scientific.net%2FAMR.594-597.2262&partnerID=40&md5=511ef38d5d6f51f2a08dc2f892498b3e

AFFILIATIONS: China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China
ABSTRACT: The Dam Break model (DamBrk) developed by Fread was the most famous parametric dam break forecasting model with flexible inputs, and typically widely used for embankments or other man-made dams failure. The paper aims to discuss the parameter selection and calculation for natural dams, which are used as necessary input in The DamBrk model. And then the Tangjiashan landslide dams formed in 2008 Wenchuan earthquake is utilized to test the reasonability of DamBrk model. Outcomes shows that computed outflow volume through breach coincides with the observed values in magnitude when appropriate breach times be assumed. The methods put forth herein can also be helpful for the early warning and human evacuation of other natural dams. © (2012) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Case study; Dam break model; Natural dam; Parameter
INDEX KEYWORDS: Dam-breaks; Early warning; Forecasting models; Human evacuation; Landslide dam; Natural dam; Parameter; Parameter selection; Reasonability; Wenchuan Earthquake; Civil engineering; Earthquakes; Dams
REFERENCES: Proceedings27th IAHR Congress, (1997); 
National Weather Service, (1988); 
Singh, Vijay P., Breach erosion of earthfill dams (BEED) model, Natural Hazards, 1, 2, pp. 161-180, (1988); 
Delft University of Technology, (2006); 
Ponce, Víctor Miguel, MODELING GRADUAL DAM BREACHES, American Society of Civil Engineers, Journal of the Hydraulics Division, 107, 7, pp. 829-838, (1981); 
Hanson, Gregory J., Prediction of headcut migration using a deterministic approach, Transactions - American Society of Agricultural Engineers: General Edition, 44, 3, pp. 525-531, (2001); 
Fread, Danny L., The development and testing of a dam-break flood forecasting model., pp. 164-197, (1977); 
Dam Safety 93, (1993); 
Costa, John E., FORMATION AND FAILURE OF NATURAL DAMS., Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 100, 7, pp. 1054-1068, (1988); 
Walder, Joseph S., Methods for predicting peak discharge of floods caused by failure of natural and constructed earthen dams, Water Resources Research, 33, 10, pp. 2337-2348, (1997)
CONFERENCE NAME: 2012 Global Conference on Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, GCCSEE 2012 and the 3rd International Symposium on Multi-field Coupling Theory of Rock and Soil Media and Its Applications, MCTRSM 2012
CONFERENCE DATE: 2012-10-20 through 2012-10-21
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Cui, F., Yin, Y., Hu, R., Yu, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Cui, Fangpeng (24279638600); Yin, Yueping (55687306100); Hu, Ruilin (7202640738); Yu, Jinqing (57221099088)
24279638600; 55687306100; 7202640738; 57221099088
Failure mechanisms of the landslides triggered by the 2008 wenchuan earthquake, china
(2012) Advanced Materials Research, 594-597, pp. 1864 - 1868, Cited 1 times.
DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.594-597.1864
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84871049473&doi=10.4028%2Fwww.scientific.net%2FAMR.594-597.1864&partnerID=40&md5=c058088c58df7ff611a160d6b4378273

AFFILIATIONS: College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology, Beijing, Beijing, China; Geological Disaster Emergency Technique Direction Center, Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Engineering Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; China Communications Construction Company Limited, Beijing, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Taking the landslides triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake as examples, their dynamic responses with different epicenter distances due to single and combined action with regionality and spatial heterogeneity of the Primary and Secondary waves were simulated by applying the Universal Distinct Element Code software. The results shows that the slope suffered from the combined action between P and S waves appears instability prior to the slope under single action of P wave. With the epicenter distance increasing, the key controlling factor resulting in the slope failure varies from the combined seismic action between P and S waves to the single seismic action of the P wave. As for the formation mechanism of slope instability, coupled action between the vertical and horizontal seismic forces results in the slope dynamic failure with key action varying from the vertical to the horizontal one. Finally, the initial instability originates always at slope shoulder due to the peak ground acceleration amplification effect and the variation trend of the slope mechanical parameters on its fracturing of the seismic action. © (2012) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Formation mechanism; Landslide; The primary and second waves; The wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Combined actions; Dynamic failures; Epicenter distance; Failure mechanism; Formation mechanism; Horizontal seismic force; Key actions; Key controlling factors; Mechanical parameters; P waves; P- and S-waves; Peak ground acceleration; Secondary waves; Seismic action; Slope failure; Slope instability; Spatial heterogeneity; Universal distinct element codes; Wenchuan Earthquake; Civil engineering; Dynamic response; Earthquakes; Landslides; Seismic waves; Shear waves; Failure (mechanical)
REFERENCES: Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, (2010); 
Cui, Fangpeng, Discrete element analysis of collapsing and sliding response of slope triggered by time difference coupling effects of P and S seismic waves - Taking Tangjiashan landslide in beichuan county for example, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 29, 2, pp. 319-327, (2010); 
Cui, Fangpeng, Collapsing and sliding response of slopes triggered by single and combined action with time difference of P and S seismic waves, Yantu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 32, 8, pp. 1266-1273, (2010); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2009); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2008); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2009); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2008)
CONFERENCE NAME: 2012 Global Conference on Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, GCCSEE 2012 and the 3rd International Symposium on Multi-field Coupling Theory of Rock and Soil Media and Its Applications, MCTRSM 2012
CONFERENCE DATE: 2012-10-20 through 2012-10-21
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Chen, X., Ran, H., Yang, W.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Chen, Xiaoli (8346444100); Ran, Hongliu (36792615400); Yang, Wentao (55499294400)
8346444100; 36792615400; 55499294400
Evaluation of factors controlling large earthquake-induced landslides by the Wenchuan earthquake
(2012) Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 12 (12), pp. 3645 - 3657, Cited 38 times.
DOI: 10.5194/nhess-12-3645-2012
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84871042813&doi=10.5194%2Fnhess-12-3645-2012&partnerID=40&md5=ab71dbb687361b37289252512b379be7

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Active Tectonics and Volcano, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China; Academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: During the 12 May 2008, Wenchuan earthquake in China, more than 15 000 landslides were triggered by the earthquake. Among these landslides, there were 112 large landslides generated with a plane area greater than 50 000 m 2. These large landslides were markedly distributed closely along the surface rupture zone in a narrow belt and were mainly located on the hanging wall side. More than 85% of the large landslides are presented within the range of 10 km from the rupture. Statistical analysis shows that more than 50% of large landslides occurred in the hard rock and second-hard rock, like migmatized metamorphic rock and carbonate rock, which crop out in the south part of the damaged area with higher elevation and steeper landform in comparison with the northeast part of the damaged area. All large landslides occurred in the region with seismic intensity ≥ X except a few of landslides in the Qingchuan region with seismic intensity IX. Spatially, the large landslides can be centred into four segments, namely the Yingxiu, the Gaochuan, the Beichuan and the Qingchuan segments, from southwest to northeast along the surface rupture. This is in good accordance with coseismic displacements. With the change of fault type from reverse-dominated slip to dextral slip from southwest to northeast, the largest distance between the triggered large landslides and the rupture decreases from 15 km to 5 km. The critical acceleration ° c for four typical large landslides in these four different segments were estimated by the Newmark model in this paper. Our results demonstrate that, given the same strength values and slope angles, the characteristics of slope mass are important for slope stability and deeper landslides are less stable than shallower landslides. Comprehensive analysis reveals that the large catastrophic landslides could be specifically tied to a particular geological setting where fault type and geometry change abruptly. This feature may dominate the occurrence of large landslides. The results will be useful for improving reliable assessments of earthquake-induced landslide susceptibility, especially for large landslides which may result in serious damages. © 2012 Author(s).
INDEX KEYWORDS: carbonate rock; coseismic process; displacement; earthquake damage; earthquake intensity; earthquake rupture; earthquake trigger; fault geometry; geostatistics; hanging wall; hard rock; landslide; metamorphic rock; Sichuan earthquake 2008; slope stability
REFERENCES: Abrahamson, Norman A.Bolt, Effects of the hanging wall and footwall on ground motions recorded during the Northridge earthquake, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 86, 1 SUPPL. B, pp. S93-S99, (1996); 
Bommer, Julian J., Earthquake-induced landslides in Central America, Engineering Geology, 63, 3-4, pp. 189-220, (2002); 
Geohazards Induced by Thewenchuan Earthquake, (2010); 
Chen, Xiaoli, Earthquake-triggered landslides in southwest China, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 12, 2, pp. 351-363, (2012); 
Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011); 
Densmore, Alexander Logan, Active tectonics of the Beichuan and Pengguan faults at the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, Tectonics, 26, 4, (2007); 
Standard for Engineering Classification of Rock Masses, (1995); 
Guzzetti, Fausto, Landslide hazard evaluation: A review of current techniques and their application in a multi-scale study, Central Italy, Geomorphology, 31, 1-4, pp. 181-216, (1999); 
Haeussler, Peter J., Surface rupture and slip distribution of the Denali and totschunda faults in the 3 November 2002 M 7.9 earthquake, Alaska, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 94, 6 SUPPL. B, pp. S23-S52, (2004); 
Harp, Edwin L., Landslides triggered by the 1994 Northridge, California, earthquake, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 86, 1 SUPPL. B, pp. S319-S332, (1996)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Geng, H., Jia, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Geng, Huihui (55437742200); Jia, Jingchao (55662586300)
55437742200; 55662586300
Features of Sanshengong debris flow hazard in Longchi Town of Dujiangyan City
(2012) Journal of Natural Disasters, 21 (6), pp. 136 - 141, Cited 2 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84876765307&partnerID=40&md5=c31fb71973b79dc38cdcfebded51f299

AFFILIATIONS: School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology, Beijing, Beijing, China; North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
ABSTRACT: Debris flow hazards caused by rainstorms in Longchi Town of Dujiangyan City after May 12, 2008 Wen-chuan, Sichuan earthquake and brought about a large quantity of economic loss. Sanshengong debris flow gully is located at Longchi Town. A lot of materials from collapses and landslides produced by the Wenchuan earthquake provided abundant material sources for debris flow. Sanshengong debris flow has features including short circulating area, hidden and relatively numerous discharges. Based on site survey, the formation background and conditions were analyzed, the static and dynamic parameters such as bulk density, yield stress, discharge, transported sediment scale were calculated, the initiation and accumulation process of this debris flow event were discussed, and corresponding prevention and control measures were put forward. The results from the study may give a reference to prevention and control of debris flow in macroseismic area.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flow; Earthquake; Prevention prevention and control; Rainstorm
INDEX KEYWORDS: bulk density; debris flow; discharge; gully; hazard assessment; rainstorm; sediment transport; Sichuan earthquake 2008; China; Dujiangyan; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Journal of Mountain Science, (2009); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2010); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2010); 
Cui, Peng, Characteristics and countermeasures of debris flow in Wenchuan area after the earthquake, Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 42, 5, pp. 10-19, (2010); 
Ma, Yu, Research on the disaster of debris flow of Bayi Gully, Longchi, Dujiangyan, Sichuan on august 13, 2010, Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 43, SUPPL. 1, pp. 92-98, (2011); 
Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, (2008); 
Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering, (2010); 
Advances in Earth Science, (2008); 
Journal of Seismological Research, (2001)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Han, Y., Liang, C., Han, J., Huang, P., Li, L.-W., Peng, S.-G.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Han, Yongshun (8045872900); Liang, Chuan (9940840700); Han, Jun (55656662100); Huang, Peng (53263882500); Li, Longwei (55656604700); Peng, Shugang (55656563200)
8045872900; 9940840700; 55656662100; 53263882500; 55656604700; 55656563200
Gravitational erosion in afflicted areas and its effects of sediment yield and transportation - A case study in Niujuangou gully
(2012) Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 44 (SUPPL.2), pp. 110 - 116, Cited 2 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84876435800&partnerID=40&md5=a39939edbeff07e34a3fbe0253daa0a8

AFFILIATIONS: Hunan Province Engineering Laboratory of Geospatial Information, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, China; School of Water Conservancy and Hydroelectric Power, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Niujuangou gully, the epicenter of Wenchuan Earthquake, was taken as the study area and the field observation stations and sections were established in the typical zones of gravitational Erosion such as rockfall, landslide and debris flow. Modern surveying and mapping technologies including GPS, total station and 3D laser scanning system were adopted and field surveying of slope, section, channel and surface deformation were conducted on different geo-hazard bodies. The development feature and the sediment yield and transportation were analyzed. The results showed tha debris flow is the typical of strong erosion and giant deposit with the maximum respective erosion and siltation depth of 6.84 m and 4.77 m only once. In the upper reaches of channel, debris flow shows erosion features with the maximum erosion depth of 6.84 m, and in the middle reaches of channel, the preceding debris flow takes on the super-elevation in curve ways with 2.2 m higher in concave bank than in convex bank and the later-period debris flow displays large-scale erosion with the maximum scour depth of 3.77 m. In the lower reaches of channel, debris flow shows accumulation features with the mean deposition thickness of 1.65m. Gravitational erosion has a violent effect of sediment yield and transportation with the mean sediment yield volume and accumulation thickness of 15.2×104 and 1.44 m as well as the maximum sediment transportation volume and scour depth of 16.2×104 m3 and 1.53 m. The results can be used as references for location line selection of key projects, river regulation and control engineering optimization design of mountain hazards.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Field surveying; Gravitational erosion; Niujuangou gully; Sediment yield and transportation
INDEX KEYWORDS: 3D laser scanning system; Accumulation features; Deposition thickness; Gravitational erosions; Niujuangou gully; Sediment transportation; Sediment yields; Wenchuan Earthquake; Debris; Earthquakes; Landforms; Rock bursts; Scour; Sedimentology; Sediments; Surveys; Erosion
REFERENCES: Han, Yongshun, Hazard assessment on secondary mountain-hazards triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake, Journal of Applied Remote Sensing, 3, 1, (2009); 
Geological Review of Japan, (1978); 
North China Earthquake Sciences, (1986); 
Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control, (1991); 
Northwestern Seismological Journal, (1996); 
Liu, Chiannan, Impacts of september 21, 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake on the characteristics of gully-type debris flows in central Taiwan, Natural Hazards, 47, 3, pp. 349-368, (2008); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2006)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Guo, G., Leihua, Y., Pinggen, Z., Han, H.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Guo, Yufei (55754692600); Leihua, Yao (57217189078); Pinggen, Zhou (55654400100); Han, Bing (55248971800)
55754692600; 57217189078; 55654400100; 55248971800
Deformation mechanism and trend research on a creep landslide in Sichuan province of China
(2012) Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 17 X, pp. 3415 - 3428, Cited 5 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84876375788&partnerID=40&md5=731e9549d43c7a292bd921e1c25354fc

AFFILIATIONS: School of Engineering and Technology, Beijing, China; China Institute of Geo-Environment Monitoring, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: The Xiakou landslide is located north of Ya'an City in the Sichuan province of China, at the transitional belt of the Sichuan Basin and the Tibetan Plateau, and 120 km from Yingxiu Town (the epicenter of the Wenchuan earthquake measuring 8.0 on the Richter scale). The Xiakou landslide is one of the most common and destructive landslides in the Ya'an area. This landslide was formed in a layer of colluvium and can be classified as a creep landslide. Monitoring data from 2006 to 2010 were used to analyze the deformation characteristics of the different parts of the landslide. The limit equilibrium method was employed to identify the influence of the water table to slope stability during different seasons. The deformation trend of the landslide was predicted by analyzing incline displacements before and after the Wenchuan earthquake. Based on these analyses, suggestions for the monitoring and early warning of the Xiakou landslide are proposed. © 2012 ejge.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Creep landslide; Deformation mechanism and trend; Landslide monitoring; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Deformation Characteristics; Deformation mechanism; Deformation trend; Landslide monitoring; Limit equilibrium methods; Sichuan province; Tibetan Plateau; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes; Landslides; Slope protection; Creep; creep; deformation mechanism; landslide; Sichuan earthquake 2008; slope stability; China; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Lansford, J., Conquering the mountain, Civil Engineering, 69, 10, pp. 32-37, (1999); 
International Conference on Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, (2000); 
Landslide Displacement Dynamics Theory and Its Applications Several Typical Colluvium Landslide in Three Gorges Reservoir Area, (2007); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2001); 
Railway Engineering, (2007); 
He, Pengpeng, Reliability analysis of Xiakou slope under multiple-stochastic-factor conditions, Yantu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 32, 6, pp. 930-937, (2010); 
Assessment Report on the Area Range of Wenchuan Earthquake Disaster in Chinese, (2008); 
Wenchuan Earthquake Geohazards, (2009); 
Ya an City Records in Chinese, (2002); 
Sichuan Hydraulic, (1998)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Tian, M., Hu, K.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Tian, Mi (57206275854); Hu, Kaiheng (55648903800)
57206275854; 55648903800
Study on resistance characteristics and magnitude of post-quake debris flows
(2012) Shuili Xuebao/Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 43 (SUPPL. 2), pp. 111 - 116, Cited 1 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84876095164&partnerID=40&md5=339461993969cc37eb87348baf9ad86a

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: After the Wenchuan earthquake, a great volume of loose material caused by co-seismic landslides mantle on the slopes or in the channels, which in later years served as debris source for rainfall-induced debris flows. Flood and debris flows would erode the mobile bed violently that is composed by these loose masses, enlarging debris flow scale and making the flow resistance characteristic different from that on the fixed bed. The characteristics of flow resistance and magnitude were examined by analyzing debris-flow events happened after the earthquake. It is found that Darcy-Weisbach resistance coefficient shows a close relationship with sediment discharge and Froude number by regression analysis of the data of 6 events. Moreover, regression analysis of 16 events in Qingping and Beichuan shows that there existed a good power exponent relationship between magnitude, rainfall and catchment area. The research results are useful for debris flow disaster prevention and mitigation.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flow; Magnitude; Mobile-bed flow resistance; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Close relationships; Debris flows; Disaster prevention and mitigations; Flow resistance; Flow resistance characteristic; Magnitude; Resistance coefficients; Wenchuan Earthquake; Catchments; Debris; Disaster prevention; Rain; Regression analysis; Statistics; Earthquakes
REFERENCES: undefined, (2008); 
undefined, (2008); 
undefined, (2008); 
undefined, (2000); 
Lin, Ching-Wee Weei, Impact of Chi-Chi earthquake on the occurrence of landslides and debris flows: Example from the Chenyulan River watershed, Nantou, Taiwan, Engineering Geology, 71, 1-2, pp. 49-61, (2004); 
Lin, Ching-Wee Weei, Impacts of the Chi-Chi earthquake on subsequent rainfall-induced landslides in central Taiwan, Engineering Geology, 86, 2-3, pp. 87-101, (2006); 
Tang, Chuan, Rainfall-triggered debris flows following the Wenchuan earthquake, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 68, 2, pp. 187-194, (2009); 
undefined, (2008); 
undefined, (2009); 
undefined, (2001)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Han, Y., Huang, P., Zhu, Y.-Y., Hu, K.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Han, Yongshun (8045872900); Huang, Peng (53263882500); Zhu, Yingyan (10143158600); Hu, Kaiheng (55648903800)
8045872900; 53263882500; 10143158600; 55648903800
Field monitoring and erosion-deposition sediment of flash-flood debris flow in suffered areas - A case study at Lianhuaxin Gully
(2012) Shuili Xuebao/Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 43 (SUPPL. 2), pp. 133 - 139, Cited 1 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84876088616&partnerID=40&md5=41b46c795d47c6cf1bade0e0ea07045f

AFFILIATIONS: Hunan Province Engineering Laboratory of Geospatial Information, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: The flash flood and debris flow in the suffered areas by Wenchuan earthquake aroused a wide attention at home and abroad because of their tremendous damage and frequent occurrence. It is significant to conduct field monitoring of flash flood and debris flow and to study their development features for assuring public security and preventing flash flood and debris flow. In this paper, Lianhuaxin gully, the epicenter of Wenchuan Earthquake, was taken as a study area and different kinds of slope debris flow and gully debris flow were selected to make field surveying. Three-level field observation stations and 56 control points were established in different slope, ridge, submit and small watershed of study area. From 2010 to 2012, four large-scale flash-flood debris flows and corresponding slopes, channels, sections and surface deformations were monitored by means of GPS, total station, leveling instrument, 3D-laser scanning system, InSar and high-resolution images. Three-dimension digital terrain models with large scale were set up to study the erosion, development and evolution features of different kinds of debris flows. The paper also discussed the fluvial process and erosion-deposition characteristics of flash flood debris flow. The results show that: (1) flash flood and debris flow are still at rapid development stage after earthquake, become more and more frequent and can be monitored through 3S technologie; (2) in the upper reaches of study area, flash-flood debris flow is typical of violent erosion and deposit with serious erosion at the incision ratio of 3.98 m/a in the middle and right slope and even with the maximum incision depth of 5m at a debris flow event but with moderate deposit on the left slope; (3) the middle reaches of gully are still characterized by serious erosion with the maximum incision depth of 3m but its intensity decreased with the incision ratio of 1.23 m/a; (4) the lower reaches of gully generally have a moderate erosion with the average incision depth of 1.7 m but have a transparent deposit after 6 check dams were established along the main gully, with the deposit ratio of 2.05 m/a; (5) before check dams established, a flash-flood debris flow event eroded and yieled about 1.6×104 m3 with the average erosion depth of 0.23 m/a but deposited and yieled about 1.7 × 104 m3 after established check dams. The findings can provide data for comprehensive study of flash-flood debris flow and scientific basis for control engineering design, monitoring and warning and risk management of debris flow.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Development features; Field monitoring; Flash flood and debris flow; Lianhuaxin gully
INDEX KEYWORDS: Debris flows; Development features; Digital terrain model; Field monitoring; High resolution image; Laser scanning systems; Lianhuaxin gully; Surface deformation; Deposits; Earthquakes; Erosion; Floods; Landforms; Risk management; Debris
REFERENCES: undefined, (2011); 
Han, Yongshun, Hazard assessment on secondary mountain-hazards triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake, Journal of Applied Remote Sensing, 3, 1, (2009); 
Mantovani, Franco, Remote sensing techniques for landslide studies and hazard zonation in Europe, Geomorphology, 15, 3-4 SPEC. ISS., pp. 213-225, (1996); 
Singhroy, Vernon H., Landslide characterisation in Canada using interferometric SAR and combined SAR and TM images, Advances in Space Research, 21, 3, pp. 465-476, (1998); 
Kniveton, Dominic R., The development of a remote sensing based technique to predict debris flow triggering conditions in the French Alps, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 21, 3, pp. 419-434, (2000); 
Gili, Josep Antonio, Using Global Positioning System techniques in landslide monitoring, Engineering Geology, 55, 3, pp. 167-192, (2000); 
Kerle, Norman, Remote sensing of the 1998 mudflow at Casita Volcano, Nicaragua, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 24, 23, pp. 4791-4816, (2003); 
undefined, (2007); 
undefined, (1998); 
Welch, Roy A., Analytical non-metric close-range photogrammetry for monitoring stream channel erosion., Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, 49, 3, pp. 367-374, (1983)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Chang, M., Tang, C., Xia, T., Huang, X.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Chang, Ming (36727157900); Tang, Chuan (35932953300); Xia, Tian (57203183232); Huang, Xun (57206189172)
36727157900; 35932953300; 57203183232; 57206189172
Debris flow deposits model and accumulation evolution in seismic area
(2012) Shuili Xuebao/Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 43 (SUPPL. 2), pp. 117 - 121, Cited 1 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84876087060&partnerID=40&md5=c2a8738bab7d91e0999073f42eeba262

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: After the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, an abundance of loose co-seismic material sources were presented in the Beichuan city seismic area, where in later 4 years served as source material for rainfall-induced, and then induced debris flows in Beichuan area. In order to get debris flow deposits volume and the accumulation fan evolution quickly, 7 debris flow gullies were chosen in Beichuan County along Laochangkou River as a research area, and 7 debris flow gullies were selected in the downstream for verification. Using high precision image and field survey, we got seven characteristic parameters including the wide front, wide central, trailing edge, accumulation angle, central to the front long, inclined long and average high, and the accumulations were calculated by the parameters. Through regression analysis, we simplify the parameters and get debris flow accumulation model in earthquake area. We further study the alluvial fan evolution though the fan's change in the past two years.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Accumulation area; Debris flow; Regression analysis; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Accumulation area; Characteristic parameter; Debris flow deposits; Debris flows; Material sources; Rainfall-induced; Wenchuan Earthquake; Deposits; Earthquakes; Landforms; Regression analysis; Statistics; Debris
REFERENCES: undefined, (2012); 
Yin, Yueping, Landslide hazards triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China, Landslides, 6, 2, pp. 139-152, (2009); 
Khattak, Ghazanfar Ali, Evolution of earthquake-triggered landslides in the Kashmir Himalaya, northern Pakistan, Geomorphology, 115, 1-2, pp. 102-108, (2010); 
Koi, Takashi, Prolonged impact of earthquake-induced landslides on sediment yield in a mountain watershed: The Tanzawa region, Japan, Geomorphology, 101, 4, pp. 692-702, (2008); 
Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011); 
undefined, (2009); 
Geomorphology, (2011); 
Journal of Mountain Sciences, (2012); 
undefined, (2012); 
Tang, Chuan, Catastrophic debris flows triggered by a 14 August 2010 rainfall at the epicenter of the Wenchuan earthquake, Landslides, 8, 4, pp. 485-497, (2011)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Ge, Y., Song, G.-H., Guo, C.-X., Kong, Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Ge, Yonggang (26039083000); Song, Guohu (55647101100); Guo, Chaoxu (56148683500); Kong, Yingde (55648739100)
26039083000; 55647101100; 56148683500; 55648739100
Characteristics and causes of 8·18 debris flow hazards at the Longmenshan Town, Pengzhou, Sichuan
(2012) Shuili Xuebao/Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 43 (SUPPL. 2), pp. 147 - 154, Cited 14 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84876079518&partnerID=40&md5=facf8c5fc45d8ff0cbcf4275557538cd

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: The catastrophic debris flows on Aug.18, 2012 resulted in huge property loss in Longmenshan Town, Pengzhou, China. Debris flows occurred in 60 sites and 20 gully debris flows distributed along Baishui River, intensively destroyed the buildings at the right bank. Debris flows were featured with less than 2% of fine soil content, the density of 1.74~1.91 g/m3, the peak discharge of 360~1274 m3/s as well as the process of rainstorm-landslide-debris flow-dammed lake-outburst flood. The discharge of debris flow remarkably amplified in small gullies, equaling to 5.0~29 times that before Wenchuan Earthquake. High-velocity and large discharge debris flows made direct hazards by intensively impacting, scouring and burying constructions as well as burying and destructing highway base. Outburst flood and river channel rise induced by debris flows enlarged the stricken areas and losses. The irrational location of constructions and the destruction of debris flow control constructions leaded to huge property losses. Encountering the active debris flow hazards in the future, it was strongly suggested for mitigation that strengthened the prediction of debris flows change trend, assessed risk of the dangerous debris flow gullies, relocated reconstruction based on debris flow risk assessment, improved the standards of control construction, reconstructed destructed highway at Xiaojiaping and improved the capabilities of prevention and mitigation.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Causes; Characteristics; Debris flows; Hazards modes; Longmenshan Town
INDEX KEYWORDS: Causes; Characteristics; Debris flow hazards; Debris flows; Longmenshan Town; Outburst floods; Peak discharge; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes; Floods; Hazards; Landforms; Risk assessment; Storms; Debris
REFERENCES: undefined, (2011); 
undefined, (2008); 
undefined, (2010); 
undefined, (2011); 
undefined, (2011); 
undefined, (2008); 
undefined; 
undefined; 
undefined, (2009); 
Di, Baofeng, Quantifying the spatial distribution of soil mass wasting processes after the 2008 earthquake in Wenchuan, China. A case study of the Longmenshan area, Remote Sensing of Environment, 114, 4, pp. 761-771, (2010)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Li, Y., Chen, G., Tang, C., Zheng, L., Wang, B.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Li, Yange (55339639500); Chen, Guangqi (55577206900); Tang, Chuan (35932953300); Zheng, Lu (55273034500); Wang, Bo (57216235651)
55339639500; 55577206900; 35932953300; 55273034500; 57216235651
Automatic detection of landslides induced by the Wenchuan earthquake and subsequent rainstorm
(2012), 4, pp. 2830 - 2837, Cited 0 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84873243730&partnerID=40&md5=e843225238b541e4d3f5bbda0e6ec32b

AFFILIATIONS: Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Japan; Institute of Earthquake Science, Japan; Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: We developed a two-step detection approach to map landslides in Chenjiaba area, Beichuan County, Sichuan Province, China after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and a strong rainfall four months later. First, the variance information was assessed by image fusion technique. Different from traditional usage of image fusion technique, this paper aims to enhance the interesting features through combing multispectral image with high resolution and panchromatic image with relatively lower resolution. Four fusion technologies (PCA, Brovey, IHS and Wavelet) were tested. All the results contain the spectrum information of both earthquake and rainfall-induced landslides, except the one by wavelet transform based fusion method. The fusion results were assessed by visual inspection and IHS transform based fusion image shows the best performance. Second, fusion image was semi-automatically interpreted. The image interpretation was based on object-oriented analysis which not only the spectral information in pixel-based method was considered, but also the spatial and texture information of the image. Various landscape elements were classified by K Nearest Neighbor algorithm for landslide detection. Accuracy assessment was carried out by comparing those extracted ones with a manually prepared landslide inventory map. Results showed that this approach is capable of mapping different temporal landslides quickly and efficiently. Copyright 2012 ARMA, American Rock Mechanics Association.
INDEX KEYWORDS: Accuracy assessment; Automatic Detection; Detection approach; Fusion image; Fusion methods; Fusion technology; High resolution; IHS transforms; Image fusion techniques; Image interpretation; K nearest neighbor algorithm; Landscape elements; Landslide detection; Lower resolution; Multispectral images; Object-oriented analysis; Panchromatic images; Pixel-based methods; Rainfall induced landslides; Sichuan province; Spectral information; Spectrum information; Texture information; Variance information; Visual inspection; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes; Geomechanics; Landslides; Rain; Rock mechanics; Storms; Image fusion
REFERENCES: Xu, Qiang, Spatial distribution of large-scale landslides induced by the 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake, Journal of Mountain Science, 8, 2, pp. 246-260, (2011); 
Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011); 
Lin, Ching-Wee Weei, Impacts of the Chi-Chi earthquake on subsequent rainfall-induced landslides in central Taiwan, Engineering Geology, 86, 2-3, pp. 87-101, (2006); 
Tang, Chuan, Landslides induced by the Wenchuan earthquake and the subsequent strong rainfall event: A case study in the Beichuan area of China, Engineering Geology, 122, 1-2, pp. 22-33, (2011); 
Kääb, Andreas M., Monitoring high-mountain terrain deformation from repeated air- and spaceborne optical data: Examples using digital aerial imagery and ASTER data, ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 57, 1-2, pp. 39-52, (2002); 
Casson, Bérangère, Seventeen years of the "La Clapière" landslide evolution analysed from ortho-rectified aerial photographs, Engineering Geology, 68, 1-2, pp. 123-139, (2003); 
Van Westen, Cees J., Analyzing the evolution of the Tessina landslide using aerial photographs and digital elevation models, Geomorphology, 54, 1-2, pp. 77-89, (2003); 
Nichol, Janet Elizabeth, Satellite remote sensing for detailed landslide inventories using change detection and image fusion, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 26, 9, pp. 1913-1926, (2005); 
Cheng, Ke Sheng, Locating landslides using multi-temporal satellite images, Advances in Space Research, 33, 3, pp. 296-301, (2004); 
Rau, Jiann Yeou, Dynamics monitoring and disaster assessment for watershed management using time-series satellite images, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 45, 6, pp. 1641-1649, (2007)
SPONSORS: American Rock Mechanics Association
CONFERENCE NAME: 46th US Rock Mechanics / Geomechanics Symposium 2012
CONFERENCE DATE: 2012-06-24 through 2012-06-27
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wang, W.-F., Geng, Y., Wang, Q.-Z., Shan, X.-J., Chen, X.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wang, Weifeng (9248305600); Geng, Yun (55567875400); Wang, Qingzhen (59091852100); Shan, Xianjian (7101712284); Chen, Xiaoli (8346444100)
9248305600; 55567875400; 59091852100; 7101712284; 8346444100
Research on simulation test of rainfall-induced landslide and seismic landslide
(2012) Dizhen Dizhi, 34 (4), pp. 810 - 819, Cited 3 times.
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2012.04.023
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84872786989&doi=10.3969%2Fj.issn.0253-4967.2012.04.023&partnerID=40&md5=27e935261dabb61056f4fba4e81f761f

AFFILIATIONS: School of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong, China; Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: In order to study the genetic mechanism of the geohazards induced by rainfall-induced landslide and seismic landslide, the influence of the factors such as the texture of the slope, shape of the slope, vibration intensity, critical rainfall amount, on the slope failure is discussed, and the main models and processes of the slope failure under rainfall and earthquake are investigated, by the means of taking on-site simulation test for rainfall-induced landslide and seismic landslide. For rainfall-induced landslide, the critical rainfall amounts are determined for slopes of different angles. It is found that the critical rainfall amount and the slope angle follow logarithmic distribution. For seismic landslide, the slope failure extent is proportional to the angle of the slope, duration of vibration and the vibration intensity. The relation between landslide slope gradient and earthquake failure time is analyzed according to experimental data. It has been found by statistical analysis of landslides induced by the Wenchuan earthquake that the possibility of occurrence of landslide is greater in the slope with gradient greater than 30 degrees when the earthquake magnitude is above 4. The results of simulation experiment substantially meet the actual situation.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Critical rainfall amount; Earthquake magnitude; Gradient; Rainfall-induced landslide; Seismic landslide; Vibration response
INDEX KEYWORDS: earthquake magnitude; failure analysis; landslide; precipitation intensity; research work; seismic hazard; Sichuan earthquake 2008; slope angle; slope failure; statistical analysis; vibration
REFERENCES: Mineral Engineering Research, (2010); 
Water Power, (2002); 
Fan, Xiaoyi, Developmental characteristics and influence factors of landslides in wenchuan earthquake, Journal of Natural Disasters, 21, 1, pp. 128-134, (2012); 
Ground Water, (2007); 
Journal of Guizhou University of Technology Natural Science Edition, (2008); 
Luo, Xianqi, Model test study on landslide under rainfall and reservoir water fluctuation, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 24, 14, pp. 2476-2483, (2005); 
Building Science, (2009); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2009); 
Journal of Catastrophology, (2009); 
Qiao, Jianping, Analysis of distribution characteristics of landslide induced in Wenchuan earthquake and relevant maximum epicenter distance, Journal of Natural Disasters, 18, 5, pp. 10-15, (2009)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Liu, X., Tang, H.-M., Hu, X.-L., Wang, L., Liao, S., Zou, Z.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Liu, Xiao (55253629800); Tang, Huiming (58132262400); Hu, Xinli (7404710194); Wang, Liangqing (8647073300); Liao, Shaobo (55507022300); Zou, Zongxing (36445124100)
55253629800; 58132262400; 7404710194; 8647073300; 55507022300; 36445124100
Formation mechanism and dynamic stability of Jingu high-speed and long-run-out landslide
(2012) Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 31 (12), pp. 2527 - 2537, Cited 13 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84872254009&partnerID=40&md5=64b06c994b23632bd05ac7e802700077

AFFILIATIONS: China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Faculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
ABSTRACT: Based on integrating the theories and methods of multi-discipline, the research on formation mechanism and dynamic stability of Jingu landslide, a high-speed and long-run-out landslide induced by Wenchuan earthquake, was conducted. In the aspect of qualitative study of engineering geology, the formation mechanism of Jingu landslide was analyzed after comprehensive investigation involved in topography, lithology, tectonics and earthquake, as well as hydrogeology. As a result, the evolutionary stage of Jingu landslide was divided into two closely-linked phases. First, the upper sliding body was separated and thrown across the river standing at the toe of landslide. Second, the lower part of the slope was developed into a secondary landslide by the scratch from the upper body. On the other aspect of rock and soil mechanics quantitative study, three tasks were performed as follows: (1) Based on the fast Lagrangian analysis of continua in 3 dimensions(FLAC3D) dynamic analysis and a multilayer particle swarm optimization technique, a self-made parallel searching program was utilized to locate the non-circular critical slip surfaces of the landslide and its corresponding time-histories of dynamic factor of safety, of which frequency characteristics were revealed by spectrum analysis. (2) Based on the comparative study of two potential failure modes, the cluster #2 of slide surfaces is more possible to dominate the whole failure and trig the secondary landslide of slope(s lower part. (3) By aerodynamics calculation, long-distance throwing of upper sliding body is entirely possible. Comprehensive studies have shown that the quantitative analysis results of rock and soil mechanics are consistent with the engineering geology qualitative analysis results. The four prerequisites of the development of Jingu landslide were summarized as follows: poor mechanical properties, high position of shear crack, open terrain in lowering direction and enough initial velocity.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Dynamic stability; Fast Lagrangian analysis of continua in 3 dimensions(FLAC3D); Formation mechanism; High-speed and long-run-out landslide; Particle swarm optimization; Slope engineering; Spectrum analysis
INDEX KEYWORDS: 3-dimension; Comparative studies; Comprehensive studies; Critical slip surface; Dynamic factors; Evolutionary stage; Fast Lagrangian analysis of continuum; Formation mechanism; Frequency characteristic; Initial velocities; Non-circular; Open terrain; Particle swarm optimization technique; Potential failure modes; Qualitative analysis; Qualitative study; Quantitative study; Rock and soil mechanics; Shear crack; Slide surface; Sliding body; Slope engineering; Wenchuan Earthquake; Dynamics; Earthquakes; Engineering geology; Groundwater; Hydrogeology; Landslides; Lithology; Mechanical properties; Particle swarm optimization (PSO); Safety factor; Shear flow; Soil mechanics; Spectrum analysis; Stability; Tectonics; Three dimensional computer graphics; Slope protection
REFERENCES: Journal of Engineering Geology, (2009); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2009); 
Rock Slope Dynamic Response Analysis, (2007); 
Wa̧sowski, Janusz, Toward the next generation of research on earthquake-induced landslides: Current issues and future challenges, Engineering Geology, 122, 1-2, pp. 1-8, (2011); 
undefined, (2011); 
Seismic Ground Motion Parameter Zonation Map of China, (2001); 
undefined, (2008); 
Research on Dynamic Response of Slope in Wenchuan Earthquake Area, (2010); 
Zheng, Hong, Determination of potential slide line of slopes based on deformation analysis, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 23, 5, pp. 709-716, (2004); 
Cheng, Yung Ming, Location of critical failure surface and some further studies on slope stability analysis, Computers and Geotechnics, 30, 3, pp. 255-267, (2003)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Chang, M., Tang, C., Li, W., Fu, R., Zhao, X.-H.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Chang, Ming (36727157900); Tang, Chuan (35932953300); Li, Weile (25936551300); Fu, Rong (55546271700); Zhao, Xuehong (55546926500)
36727157900; 35932953300; 25936551300; 55546271700; 55546926500
Characteristics of giant debris flow hazard of the Zoumaling gully occurred on August 13, 2010 in Qingping area of Mianzhu, Sichuan, China
(2012) Journal of Chengdu University of Technology (Science and Technology Edition), 39 (6), pp. 629 - 635, Cited 1 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84871979240&partnerID=40&md5=a0830f549a1eba00b82c3e57b69cb617

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: On August 13, 2010, the rainstorms in Qingping town of Mianzhu City caused a catastrophic debris flow which resulted in a large amount of loose materials removing out the catchment. The debris flow deposits caused the Mianyuan River to change its original channel. In order to explore the formation and mechanism of the debris flow in seismic regions, based on field surveys and aerial image interpretation, this paper analyses the watershed characteristics, and especially the characteristics of sediment supply for the debris flow occurrence in the Zoumaling basin. The results show that the rainfall is a significant factor of the Zoumaling debris flow. The velocity is 7. 19 m/s, the maximum peak discharge is 866. 35 m3/s, and a mud-rock flow volume amounts to 121.64X104 m3. The debris flow in the Zoumaling basin typically shows that debris flow activities will be more frequent in a long period, that rainfall is the main dynamic factor of debris flows in seismic regions and that debris flow is mainly affected by the joint action of the cumulative rainfall and a rainfall at that time.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Depositional fan; Giant debris flow; Qingping town; Wenchuan earthquake; Zoumaling
INDEX KEYWORDS: debris flow; gully; peak discharge; rainfall; rainstorm; Sichuan earthquake 2008; China; Mianzhu; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Conoscenti, Christian, GIS analysis to assess landslide susceptibility in a fluvial basin of NW Sicily (Italy), Geomorphology, 94, 3-4, pp. 325-339, (2008); 
Caine, Nel, The rainfall intensity-duration control of shallow landslides and debris flows., Geografiska Annaler, Series A: Physical Geography, 62, 1-2, pp. 23-27, (1980); 
Jibson, Randall W., Debris flows in southern Puerto Rico, Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, 236, pp. 29-55, (1989); 
Quaternary International, (2011); 
Berti, Matteo, Prediction of debris flow inundation areas using empirical mobility relationships, Geomorphology, 90, 1-2, pp. 144-161, (2007)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Liu, Q.-H., Tang, C., Ma, Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Liu, Qinghua (55546679800); Tang, Chuan (35932953300); Ma, Yu (55545892700)
55546679800; 35932953300; 55545892700
Features of fengtongyan debris flow hazard on august 13, 2010 in longchi town of Dujiangyan, Sichuan, China
(2012) Journal of Chengdu University of Technology (Science and Technology Edition), 39 (6), pp. 636 - 642, Cited 2 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84871947309&partnerID=40&md5=e369f977d2188f7d4af6ffdbe1744b0b

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Engineering and Technical College, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: The Fengtongyan debris flow is one of the new hazards occurred on August 13, 2010 in Longchi of Dujiangyan city in the Wenchuan earthquake area in Sichuan of China. Based on the site investigation and experiment data, the authors analyze the formation conditions, disaster processes and characteristics of the Fengtongyan debris flow in this paper. Driven by the precipitation, some loose solid materials of the Fengtongyan valley flowed downstream, eroding the surface to form a flood ditch. The "8 • 13" rainstorm induced a large number of loose solid materials on the slope to collect in the flood ditch, and rapidly flowed downstream with the loose solid materials within the flood ditch to form the debris flow. The hour precipitation triggering the debris flow is 53.8 mm and the total precipitation is 209.8 mm on August 13, 2010. This rainfall return period is 10 years. The bulk density is 2. 0 g/cm3, the yield stress is 4999 Pa, the discharge is 104 m 3/s, and the debris flow scale is 7. 4X104 m3. The channel of the Fengtongyan gully is deep after the "8 • 13" debris flow, and there are still some loose solid materials in the valley. These are conditions to form debris flows again, so the area at the mouth of the Fengtongyan gully is not suitable for residential construction.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flow; Hazard feature; Longchi; Wenchuan earthquake area
INDEX KEYWORDS: debris flow; gully; rainfall; rainstorm; Sichuan earthquake 2008; China; Dujiangyan; Sichuan
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Bai, S.B., Wang, J., Zhang, Z.-G., Cheng, C.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Bai, Shibiao (15830966700); Wang, Jian (55491249300); Zhang, Zhigang (59643629200); Cheng, Chen (55662217700)
15830966700; 55491249300; 59643629200; 55662217700
Combined landslide susceptibility mapping after Wenchuan earthquake at the Zhouqu segment in the Bailongjiang Basin, China
(2012) Catena, 99, pp. 18 - 25, Cited 98 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.catena.2012.06.012
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84864419498&doi=10.1016%2Fj.catena.2012.06.012&partnerID=40&md5=2a3f0ca08f9e4b6c5927ea942a0c7086

AFFILIATIONS: College of Geographical Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
ABSTRACT: In this study, two separate landslide susceptibility maps using multi-temporal landslide and Wenchuan earthquake triggered landslide datasets were carried out based on GIS and logistic regression model at Zhouqu segment in the Bailongjiang Basin in North-western China. This region has already been strongly affected by landslides for a long time, and numerous additional slope failures were triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. The data used for this study consists of two landslide inventories, of which the first lists historical landslides and the latter contains only slope failures attributed to the 2008 earthquake. Additional data sources include landslide causative factor such as a digital elevation model (DEM) with a 30×30m 2 resolution, orthophotos, geological and land-use maps, precipitation records and information on peak ground acceleration data from the 2008 earthquake. The comparison of the two computed maps shows that susceptibility classes are consistent for over 58% of study area. Changes of one or more classes were observed for approximately 36% and 6%, respectively. Finally, both susceptibility maps were combined to describe the maximum likelihood of landslide occurrences. The overall high prediction rates of the calculated susceptibility maps make them an ideal basis for the use within regional spatial planning as well as for the organization of emergency actions by local authorities. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: China; Landslide susceptibility; Multi-temporal landslides; Wenchuan earthquake; Zhouqu to Wudu segment
INDEX KEYWORDS: comparative study; digital elevation model; earthquake trigger; GIS; landslide; peak acceleration; regression analysis; Sichuan earthquake 2008; slope failure; Bailong Basin; China; Gansu; Zhouqu
REFERENCES: Aleotti, Pietro, Landslide hazard assessment: Summary review and new perspectives, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 58, 1, pp. 21-44, (1999); 
Atkinson, Peter M., Generalised linear modelling of susceptibility to landsliding in the central Apennines, Italy, Computers and Geosciences, 24, 4, pp. 373-385, (1998); 
Ayalew, Lulseged, Landslides in Sado Island of Japan: Part II. GIS-based susceptibility mapping with comparisons of results from two methods and verifications, Engineering Geology, 81, 4, pp. 432-445, (2005); 
Bai, Shibiao, GIS-based logistic regression for landslide susceptibility mapping of the Zhongxian segment in the Three Gorges area, China, Geomorphology, 115, 1-2, pp. 23-31, (2010); 
Environ Earth Sci, (2011); 
Beguería, Santiago, Validation and evaluation of predictive models in hazard assessment and risk management, Natural Hazards, 37, 3, pp. 315-329, (2006); 
Proceedings of 4th International Symposium on Landslides, (1984); 
Çan, Tolga, Susceptibility assessments of shallow earthflows triggered by heavy rainfall at three catchments by logistic regression analyses, Geomorphology, 72, 1-4, pp. 250-271, (2005); 
Edited by General Monitoring Station of Geological Environment of Gansu Province, (2003); 
Engineering Geological Problems Study of Gansu Section of Lanzhou Haikou Highway, (2006)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Qi, S., Xu, Q., Lan, H., Zhang, B., Liu, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Qi, Shengwen (55411952900); Xu, Qiang (56506033600); Lan, Hengxing (7102710925); Zhang, Bing (8835983800); Liu, Jianyou (23393070000)
55411952900; 56506033600; 7102710925; 8835983800; 23393070000
Resonance effect existence or not for landslides triggered by 2008 Wenchuan earthquake: A reply to the comment by Drs. Xu Chong and Xu Xiwei
(2012) Engineering Geology, 151, pp. 128 - 130, Cited 6 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2012.08.003
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84869877622&doi=10.1016%2Fj.enggeo.2012.08.003&partnerID=40&md5=4e7eb39a5192c7dae40863e7e36edad7

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Engineering Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Center for Earth Observation and Digital Earth, Haidian, Beijing, China
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Coseismic fault; Coseismic landslide; Surface rupture; Wenchuan earthquake
REFERENCES: Remote Sensing Interpretation Report of Geohazards Triggered by Wenchuan Earthquake in Dujiangyan Region, (2008); 
Harp, Edwin L., Landslide inventories: The essential part of seismic landslide hazard analyses, Engineering Geology, 122, 1-2, pp. 9-21, (2011); 
Eos Transactions American Geophysical Union, (2008); 
Keefer, David K., LANDSLIDES CAUSED BY EARTHQUAKES., Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 95, 4, pp. 406-421, (1984); 
Foundations of Structural Geology, (1983); 
Xu, Chong, Comment on "Spatial distribution analysis of landslides triggered by 2008.5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake, China" by Shengwen Qi, Qiang Xu, Hengxing Lan, Bing Zhang, Jianyou Liu [Engineering Geology 116 (2010) 95-108], Engineering Geology, 133-134, pp. 40-42, (2012); 
Xiwei, Xu, Coseismic reverse- and oblique-slip surface faulting generated by the 2008 Mw 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Geology, 37, 6, pp. 515-518, (2009); 
Qi, Shengwen, Spatial distribution analysis of landslides triggered by 2008.5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake, China, Engineering Geology, 116, 1-2, pp. 95-108, (2010); 
Tang, Chuan, Landslides induced by the Wenchuan earthquake and the subsequent strong rainfall event: A case study in the Beichuan area of China, Engineering Geology, 122, 1-2, pp. 22-33, (2011); 
Tang, Chuan, Catastrophic debris flows triggered by a 14 August 2010 rainfall at the epicenter of the Wenchuan earthquake, Landslides, 8, 4, pp. 485-497, (2011)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Note
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wang, J., Yang, S., Ji, X.-J., Ou, G.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wang, Jun (59449452300); Yang, Shun (55235532800); Ji, Xianjun (54410739100); Ou, Guoqiang (8891006800)
59449452300; 55235532800; 54410739100; 8891006800
A review of study on chinese debris-flow risk assessment
(2012) Applied Mechanics and Materials, 204-208, pp. 3405 - 3408, Cited 3 times.
DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.204-208.3405
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84869857316&doi=10.4028%2Fwww.scientific.net%2FAMM.204-208.3405&partnerID=40&md5=d9c50246a86bd2fb59afe0699606f5df

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Debris-flow risk assessment plays an important role in territorial planning and hazard prevention and alleviation, especially after 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake, it can provide guidance for post-disaster restoration and reconstruction. Based on plenty of references, such as monograph, journal, thesis and other document, this paper summarized the present research situation of Chinese debris-flow risk assessment, put forward that the current debris-flow risk assessment model is not suitable for earthquake-stricken areas and urgently need to establish a new risk assessment model to guide post - disaster planning and reconstruction. © (2012) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Assessment model; Debris flow; Risk assessment; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Assessment models; Debris flows; Disaster planning; Hazard prevention; Territorial planning; Wenchuan Earthquake; Civil engineering; Debris; Disaster prevention; Earthquakes; Fluid mechanics; Shore protection; Risk assessment
REFERENCES: Journal of Railway Science and Engineering, (2011); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2003); 
Research on Theory and Key Technologies of Debris Flow Risk Management D, (2008); 
Journal of Beijing Forestry College, (1982); 
Journal of Catastrophology, (1988); 
Yunnan Geographic Environment Research, (1993); 
Chinese Science Bulletin, (2003); 
Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control, (2001); 
Journal of Natural Disasters, (2000); 
Tai, Jiajia, Surface ruptures induced by associated Wenchuan earthquake in Yingxiu and Hongkou area, Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 41, 3, pp. 109-118, (2009)
CONFERENCE NAME: 2012 International Conference on Civil, Architectural and Hydraulic Engineering, ICCAHE 2012
CONFERENCE DATE: 2012-08-10 through 2012-08-12
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Ting-Ting, G., Xiwei, X.-W., Yu, G.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Ting-Ting, Guo (55497894600); Xiwei, Xu (8246843900); Yu, Guihua (7403528699)
55497894600; 8246843900; 7403528699
Disasters characteristics of 2008 wenchuan earthquake and analysis of buildings destruction
(2012) Applied Mechanics and Materials, 204-208, pp. 2505 - 2513, Cited 4 times.
DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.204-208.2505
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84869802659&doi=10.4028%2Fwww.scientific.net%2FAMM.204-208.2505&partnerID=40&md5=57466b3d1f6dc3a7232f74051d68a800

AFFILIATIONS: Shandong Institute of Earthquake Engineering, Jinan, Shandong, China; Seismological Bureau of Shandong Province, Jinan, Shandong, China; Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: 2008 Ms8.0 Wenchuan earthquake produced Strong surface rupture and deformation, triggered geological disasters: Collapse and landslide, and brought about serious buildings damage and casualties. Wenchuan earthquake surface rupture, secondary geological disasters and buildings damage were investigated on-site. Disasters characteristics of the earthquake were discussed, and relationship between buildings damage distribution and seismogenic fault of Wenchuan earthquake was discussed. In light of seismic protection and the Code for Seismic Design of Buildings, typical buildings damage and its causes are analyzed and discussed from following respects of buildings location, seismic design and buildings construction. Corresponding seismic measures are suggested. © (2012) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: 2008 Wenchuan earthquake; Earthquake surface rupture; Geological disasters buildings destruction; Seismic design
INDEX KEYWORDS: Damage distribution; Design of buildings; Geological disaster; Seismic protection; Seismogenic faults; Surface ruptures; Wenchuan Earthquake; Buildings; Civil engineering; Disasters; Fluid mechanics; Seismic design; Shore protection; Earthquakes
REFERENCES: Xiwei, Xu, The MS8.0 Wenchuan earthquake surface ruptures and its seismogenic structure, Dizhen Dizhi, 30, 3, pp. 597-629, (2008); 
Journal of Building Structures, (2025); 
Building damage in cities and towns located in higher intensity areas during Wenchuan earthquake, 28, 3, pp. 7-15; 
He, Honglin, Rupture of the MS8.0 Wenchuan earthquake along Baishahe River, Dizhen Dizhi, 30, 3, pp. 658-673, (2008); 
Chen, Guihua, Several issues in the quantitative analysis of co-seismic surface rupture produced by reverse faults: A case study from the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Dizhen Dizhi, 30, 3, pp. 674-682, (2008); 
Acta Geologica Sinica, (2009); 
Zhou, Qing, Investigation on widths of surface rupture zones of the M 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan Province, China, Dizhen Dizhi, 30, 3, pp. 778-788, (2008); 
An Academic Report Ppt, (2008); 
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Li, Zhiqiang, Preliminary research on the characteristics of the Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake hazard, Dizhen Dizhi, 30, 4, pp. 855-876, (2008)
CONFERENCE NAME: 2012 International Conference on Civil, Architectural and Hydraulic Engineering, ICCAHE 2012
CONFERENCE DATE: 2012-08-10 through 2012-08-12
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Tian, S.-J., Kong, J.-M.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Tian, Shujun (36609420200); Kong, Jiming (55793897000)
36609420200; 55793897000
Risk assessment model of multimode system for earthquake-induced landslide in small watershed
(2012) Applied Mechanics and Materials, 204-208, pp. 2629 - 2633, Cited 1 times.
DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.204-208.2629
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84869779029&doi=10.4028%2Fwww.scientific.net%2FAMM.204-208.2629&partnerID=40&md5=d8898bc9667e7d06bc759af7bb01214d

AFFILIATIONS: School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: This is the first introduction of multimode system theory for risk assessment of earthquake-induced landslide. The paper defines the small watershed as multimode system which included triggering system and environmental system, through studying the relationship between multimode system and risk assessment of earthquake-induced landslide. Then the paper evaluates the risk of earthquake-induced landslide in 138 small watersheds with the multimode system, and verifies the result with the landslide data from interpretation of unmanned plane image. The result indicates 67.01% area of landslide in extremely high and high hazard levels. The structure and function of risk assessment model of multimode system is consistent with the formation mechanism of earthquake-induced landslide, which could avoid and decrease the artificial and random in dividing the evaluation index and risk degree of landslide. © (2012) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Landslide; Multimode system; Risk assessment; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Assessment models; Environmental systems; Evaluation index; Formation mechanism; Multimode system; Risk degree; Small watersheds; Triggering systems; Wenchuan Earthquake; Civil engineering; Earthquakes; Fluid mechanics; Risk assessment; Shore protection; Watersheds; Landslides
REFERENCES: Huang, Runqiu, Development and distribution of geohazards triggered by the 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake in China, Science in China, Series E: Technological Sciences, 52, 4, pp. 810-819, (2009); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2009); 
Zhuang, Jianqi, Characteristics of earthquake-triggered landslides and post-earthquake debris flows in Beichuan County, Journal of Mountain Science, 7, 3, pp. 246-254, (2010); 
Aleotti, Pietro, Landslide hazard assessment: Summary review and new perspectives, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 58, 1, pp. 21-44, (1999); 
Romeo, Roberto Walter, Seismically induced landslide displacements: A predictive model, Engineering Geology, 58, 3-4, pp. 337-351, (2000); 
Hassan, Ahmed M., Search algorithm for minimum reliability index of earth slopes, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering - ASCE, 125, 4, pp. 301-308, (1999); 
Barlow, Richard E., COHERENT SYSTEMS WITH MULTI-STATE COMPONENTS., Mathematics of Operations Research, 3, 4, pp. 275-281, (1978); 
Cui, Peng, The 12 May Wenchuan earthquake-induced landslide lakes: Distribution and preliminary risk evaluation, Landslides, 6, 3, pp. 209-223, (2009); 
Xiwei, Xu, The MS8.0 Wenchuan earthquake surface ruptures and its seismogenic structure, Dizhen Dizhi, 30, 3, pp. 597-629, (2008); 
Journal of Air Force Engineering University, (2004)
CONFERENCE NAME: 2012 International Conference on Civil, Architectural and Hydraulic Engineering, ICCAHE 2012
CONFERENCE DATE: 2012-08-10 through 2012-08-12
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zhao, M., Yang, J., Li, X.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhao, Min (55488939800); Yang, Jian (55490332700); Li, Xiu (55491180200)
55488939800; 55490332700; 55491180200
Study of ecological restoration and reconstruction in sichuan earthquake disaster area - taking Mianyang city as an example
(2012) Applied Mechanics and Materials, 209-211, pp. 1076 - 1079, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.209-211.1076
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84869485800&doi=10.4028%2Fwww.scientific.net%2FAMM.209-211.1076&partnerID=40&md5=233358c6c04d7f97e8cbc9973baf0b9c

AFFILIATIONS: School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: This paper present ecosystem destruction in Mianyang after the "5.12" Wenchuan earthquake and the role of ecological restoration and reconstruction, emphasize on vegetation restoration, soil ecosystem restoration, ecological benefits (structure and function) restoration and some other aspects, to discuss the countermeasure about ecological restoration and reconstruction, which provide references for ecological restoration and reconstruction in disaster areas. © (2012) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Ecological restoration; Ecosystem; Mianyang; Reconstruction
INDEX KEYWORDS: Disaster areas; Earthquake disaster; Ecological benefits; Ecological restoration; Ecosystem restoration; Mianyang; Sichuan; Vegetation restoration; Wenchuan Earthquake; Disasters; Earthquakes; Ecosystems; Fluid mechanics; Image reconstruction; Shore protection; Sustainable development; Restoration
REFERENCES: Ecological Restoration, (2006); 
China Water Resources, (2006); 
Journal of Sichuan Forestry Science and Technology, (2009); 
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CONFERENCE NAME: 2012 International Conference on Civil, Architectural and Hydraulic Engineering, ICCAHE 2012
CONFERENCE DATE: 2012-08-10 through 2012-08-12
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Fan, X., Tang, C.X., Van Westen, C.J., Alkema, D.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Fan, Xuanmei (12752112800); Tang, C. X. (59845037100); Van Westen, Cees J. (6701664942); Alkema, Dinand (55894216400)
12752112800; 59845037100; 6701664942; 55894216400
Simulating dam-breach flood scenarios of the Tangjiashan landslide dam induced by the Wenchuan Earthquake
(2012) Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 12 (10), pp. 3031 - 3044, Cited 87 times.
DOI: 10.5194/nhess-12-3031-2012
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84869202297&doi=10.5194%2Fnhess-12-3031-2012&partnerID=40&md5=16a420c884045e5133ed169b6a0227df

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation – ITC, Enschede, Overijssel, Netherlands
ABSTRACT: Floods from failures of landslide dams can pose a hazard to people and property downstream, which have to be rapidly assessed and mitigated in order to reduce the potential risk. The Tangjiashan landslide dam induced by the Mw Combining double low line 7.9 2008 Wenchuan earthquake had impounded the largest lake in the earthquake affected area with an estimated volume of 3 108 m3, and the potential catastrophic dam breach posed a serious threat to more than 2.5 million people in downstream towns and Mianyang city, located 85 km downstream. Chinese authorities had to evacuate parts of the city until the Tangjiashan landslide dam was artificially breached by a spillway, and the lake was drained. We propose an integrated approach to simulate the dam-breach floods for a number of possible scenarios, to evaluate the severity of the threat to Mianyang city. Firstly, the physically-based BREACH model was applied to predict the flood hydrographs at the dam location, which were calibrated with observational data of the flood resulting from the artificial breaching. The output hydrographs from this model were inputted into the 1-D-2-D SOBEK hydrodynamic model to simulate the spatial variations in flood parameters. The simulated flood hydrograph, peak discharge and peak arrival time at the downstream towns fit the observations. Thus this approach is capable of providing reliable predictions for the decision makers to determine the mitigation plans. The sensitivity analysis of the BREACH model input parameters reveals that the average grain size, the unit weight and porosity of the dam materials are the most sensitive parameters. The variability of the dam material properties causes a large uncertainty in the estimation of the peak flood discharge and peak arrival time, but has little influence on the flood inundation area and flood depth downstream. The effect of cascading breaches of smaller dams downstream of the Tangjiashan dam was insignificant, due to their rather small volumes, which were only 2% of the volume of the Tangjiashan lake. The construction of the spillway was proven to have played a crucial role in reducing the dam-breach flood, because all the other natural breach scenarios would have caused the flooding of the downstream towns and parts of Mianyang city. However, in retrospect improvements on the spillway design and the evacuation planning would have been possible. The dam-break flood risk will be better controlled by reducing the spillway channel gradient and the porosity of the coating of the channel bottom. The experience and lessons we learned from the Tangjiashan case will contribute to improving the hazard mitigation and risk management planning of similar events in future. © Author(s) 2012.
INDEX KEYWORDS: computer simulation; dam; failure analysis; flood; flooding; hazard management; landslide; numerical model; peak discharge; risk assessment; Sichuan earthquake 2008; spillway; China; Mianyang; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Alexander, David E., Valtellina Landslide and Flood Emergency, Northern Italy, 1987, Disasters, 12, 3, pp. 212-222, (1988); 
Carrivick, Jonathan Lee, Application of 2D hydrodynamic modelling to high-magnitude outburst floods: An example from Kverkfjöll, Iceland, Journal of Hydrology, 321, 1-4, pp. 187-199, (2006); 
Casagli, Nicola, Geomorphic analysis of landslide dams in the Northern Apennine, Chikei, 20, 3, pp. 219-249, (1999); 
Cencetti, Corrado, Some considerations about the simulation of breach channel erosion on landslide dams, Computational Geosciences, 10, 2, pp. 201-219, (2006); 
Inland Flood Hazards, (2000); 
Journal of Geological Hazards and Environment Preservation, (1995); 
Chai, Hejun, The distribution, causes and effects of damming landslides in China, Journal of the Chengdu Institute of Technology, 27, 3, pp. 302-307, (2000); 
Chang, Dongsheng, Simulation of the erosion process of landslide dams due to overtopping considering variations in soil erodibility along depth, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 10, 4, pp. 933-946, (2010); 
Clague, John Joseph, Formation and failure of natural dams in the Canadian Cordillera, Bulletin of the Geological Survey of Canada, 464, (1994); 
Clague, John Joseph, A review of catastrophic drainage of moraine-dammed lakes in British Columbia, Quaternary Science Reviews, 19, 17-18, pp. 1763-1783, (2000)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Li, P., Bo, J., Qi, W., Liu, D., Xiao, R.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Li, Ping (55293534100); Bo, Jiangshan (7006324952); Qi, Wenhao (11940844400); Liu, Dedong (55522286100); Xiao, Ruijie (57206638433)
55293534100; 7006324952; 11940844400; 55522286100; 57206638433
Effects of soil structure on abnormal intensity in Hanyuan old town
(2012) Acta Seismologica Sinica, 34 (6), pp. 851 - 857, Cited 11 times.
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-3782.2012.06.011
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84871078775&doi=10.3969%2Fj.issn.0253-3782.2012.06.011&partnerID=40&md5=640138f0e17e7b2efe2af7bb77c38b97

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Disaster Prevention Science and Technology, Beijing, China; Institute of Engineering Mechanics, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Hanyuan town, Sichuan, is 200 km away from the epicenter of the 2008 Wenchuan great earthquake, yet high abnormal seismic intensity was observed there. In order to analyze the effects of soil structure on the abnormal intensity at Hanyuan old town, based on scientific investigation on seismic damage distribution there, five boreholes were drilled on the frontal landslide slope of the Beihou Mountain and the data of soil layer structures were obtained. On the basis of field test and laboratory experiment, the dynamic parameters of soils in different layers in Hanyuan old town were deduced. By inverting the strong motion data recorded at Jiuxiang strong-motion station and associate site information of this station, the time-history of ground motion was derived, and was taken as input bedrock waves for ground seismic response analysis. With 1-D equivalent linearization wave motion method, which is widely used in ground response analysis, Hanyuan old town ground motion parameters were calculated. The calculation result was compared with the strong motion record corresponding to intensity VI during the Wenchuan earthquake. The analysis result shows that the soil structure of Hanyuan old town region amplified ground motion, hence leading to abnormal ground motion. This is one of the main reasons for abnormal intensity.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: 2008 Wenchuan earthquake; Abnormal intensity; Ground seismic response; Site soil structure
INDEX KEYWORDS: earthquake damage; ground motion; landslide; seismic response; Sichuan earthquake 2008; soil structure; strong motion; China; Hanyuan; Sichuan
REFERENCES: undefined, (2009); 
undefined, (2004); 
undefined, (2003); 
undefined, (2003); 
undefined, (2008); 
undefined, (1989); 
undefined, (2010); 
undefined, (2008); 
undefined, (2009); 
undefined, (2010)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Huang, W., Cao, Z., Yue, Z., Pender, G., Zhou, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Huang, Wei (56416757900); Cao, Zhixian (7402432103); Yue, Zhiyuan (15849849800); Pender, Gareth (7004057746); Zhou, Jifu (54080821000)
56416757900; 7402432103; 15849849800; 7004057746; 54080821000
Coupled modelling of flood due to natural landslide dam breach
(2012) Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers: Water Management, 165 (10), pp. 525 - 542, Cited 15 times.
DOI: 10.1680/wama.12.00017
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84871045213&doi=10.1680%2Fwama.12.00017&partnerID=40&md5=3f0b0dbf9d57e1e622cf742886b32838

AFFILIATIONS: Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Institute for Infrastructure and Environment, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom; Design and Research Institute, Changjiang Waterway Planning, Wuhan, China; Institute of Mechanics, Institute of Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: A coupled two-dimensional mathematical model is presented for a flood due to natural landslide dam breach. A new numerical algorithm is developed, preserving the well-balanced property between the flux and source terms of the momentum conservation equations over a mobile bed. It allows for the wetting-drying transition to be properly resolved. Equally importantly, the spatially variable size of the sediments of natural landslide dams is taken into account in estimating bed sediment entrainment flux. The model is first tested against flume experiments and then applied to a case study of the Tangjiashan landslide dam, the largest of its kind generated by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan Province, China. Compared with field observations, the widening and deepening of the breach along with the flood hydrographs are reproduced fairly well by the present model as the heterogeneity of the dam material is incorporated. In contrast, when the heterogeneous composition of the natural landslide dam is ignored using a fixed sediment size, the model fails even if the parameters related to roughness, entrainment flux and mass collapse are largely tuned. An appropriate account of the heterogeneous composition of natural dams is therefore significant.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Floods and floodworks; Hydraulics and hydrodynamics; Mathematical modelling
INDEX KEYWORDS: Bed sediments; Dam materials; Entrainment flux; Field observations; Flood hydrographs; Flume experiment; Heterogeneous composition; Landslide dam; Mobile bed; Momentum conservation equations; Natural dam; Numerical algorithms; Sediment size; Sichuan province; Source terms; Two-dimensional mathematical models; Wenchuan Earthquake; Wetting-drying; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Floods and floodworks; Tangjiashan landslides; Algorithms; Earthquakes; Floods; Landslides; Mathematical models; Sedimentology; Sediments; Dams; algorithm; dam; flooding; hydraulics; hydrodynamics; landslide; numerical model; sediment; Sichuan earthquake 2008; two-dimensional modeling; heterogeneity; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Wu, Weiming, Earthen embankment breaching, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 137, 12, pp. 1549-1564, (2011); 
Baker, Victor R., Paleohydrology of late pleistocene superflooding, Altay Mountains, Siberia, Science, 259, 5093, pp. 348-350, (1993); 
Brufau, P., A numerical model for the flooding and drying of irregular domains, International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids, 39, 3, pp. 247-275, (2002); 
Cao, Zhixian, Computational Dam-Break Hydraulics over Erodible Sediment Bed, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 130, 7, pp. 689-703, (2004); 
Cao, Zhixian, Landslide dam failure and flood hydraulics. Part I: Experimental investigation, Natural Hazards, 59, 2, pp. 1003-1019, (2011); 
Cao, Zhixian, Landslide dam failure and flood hydraulics. Part II: Coupled mathematical modelling, Natural Hazards, 59, 2, pp. 1021-1045, (2011); 
Cao, Zhixian, Flood hydraulics due to cascade landslide dam failure, Journal of Flood Risk Management, 4, 2, pp. 104-114, (2011); 
Cencetti, Corrado, Some considerations about the simulation of breach channel erosion on landslide dams, Computational Geosciences, 10, 2, pp. 201-219, (2006); 
Chang, Dongsheng, Simulation of the erosion process of landslide dams due to overtopping considering variations in soil erodibility along depth, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 10, 4, pp. 933-946, (2010); 
Chen, Y. J., Breach of a naturally embanked dam on Yalong River, Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 19, 5, pp. 811-818, (1992)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GREEN FINAL OPEN ACCESS; GREEN OPEN ACCESS

Xia, M., Ren, G., Lv, S.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Xia, Min (55221534000); Ren, Guangming (59782305200); Lv, Shengdi (55388332600)
55221534000; 59782305200; 55388332600
Characteristics of Shuiboxia landslide triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China
(2012) Applied Mechanics and Materials, 193-194, pp. 776 - 779, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.193-194.776
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84867416563&doi=10.4028%2Fwww.scientific.net%2FAMM.193-194.776&partnerID=40&md5=0be71e0ad968af6d8b70232d6e9f10b4

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; HydroChina Xibei Engineering Corporation, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
ABSTRACT: This paper presents a case study detailing the characteristics and mechanism of Shuiboxia landslide revival induced by the earthquake located in Bailongjiang River, 700 m upstream of the Shuiboxia Dam, in North West of China. After the"5.12"Wenchuan earthquake, landslide revived entirely and downstream zone cracked quite evidently. Based on the regional geology background, detailedly researched the deformation and mechanism of landslide. The research manifested that landslide revival is attributed to cumulative effect of seismic shaking resulting in reducing of strength parameters of the sliding zone, deformation were affected by the landform and evident amplification effect of landslide under the earthquake. Numerical simulation adequately explained the mechanism of landslide revival. © (2012) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Deformation; Earthquake; Landslide revival
INDEX KEYWORDS: Characteristics and mechanisms; Cumulative effects; Regional geology; Seismic shaking; Sliding zone; Strength parameters; Wenchuan Earthquake; Civil engineering; Deformation; Landslides; Research; Rivers; Earthquakes
REFERENCES: Journal of Engineering Geology, (2008); 
Huang, Runqiu, Mechanism and geomechanical modes of landslide hazards triggered by Wenchuan 8.0 earthquake, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 28, 6, pp. 1239-1249, (2009); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2008); 
Xu, Qiang, Study of the seismic response of slopes by physical modeling, Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 41, 3, pp. 266-272, (2009); 
Ren, Guangming, Study on toppling deformation and failure characteristics of steep bedding rock slope, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 28, SUPPL. 1, pp. 3193-3200, (2009)
SPONSORS: Control Engineering and Information, Science Research Association, International Frontiers of science, and technology Research Association, Trans Tech Publications, Chongqing Xueya Conferences Co.,Ltd
CONFERENCE NAME: 2012 2nd International Conference on Green Building, Materials and Civil Engineering, GBMCE 2012
CONFERENCE DATE: 2010-08-22 through 2010-08-23
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Yang, J., Tao, Z., Zhang, P., Chen, X., Gui, Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Yang, Jun (54792510600); Tao, Zhigang (37018818200); Zhang, Peng (57214831698); Chen, Xiaogang (43561044200); Gui, Yang (36182325100)
54792510600; 37018818200; 57214831698; 43561044200; 36182325100
Rock landslides remote monitoring warning system based on the wireless communication technology
(2012) Applied Mechanics and Materials, 195-196, pp. 138 - 143, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.195-196.138
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84867256722&doi=10.4028%2Fwww.scientific.net%2FAMM.195-196.138&partnerID=40&md5=08a932eda097e4a572011cacec28a574

AFFILIATIONS: China University of Mining & Technology, Beijing, Beijing, China; GDUE, State Key Laboratory for GeoMechanics and Deep Underground Engineering, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
ABSTRACT: Wenchuan Earthquake occurred in Wenchuan, Sichuan Province, China, and numerous geo-hazards broke out simultaneously and landslides, collapse, debris flows pose a great threat to the security of life and property in earthquake hitting area. The post-earthquake geo-hazards, especially landslides will continue for years. Based on the North Mountain landslide triggered by Wenchuan earthquake in Fengxian, a new landslide monitoring principle that sliding force is greater than the anti-sliding force is the necessary and sufficient condition to occur the landslide is put forward, earthquake and rainfall condition also are take into consideration. According to the results of engineering geologic investigation and numerical simulation, the burial depth of potential sliding surface is determined, and the functional relationship between sliding force and perturbation force is set up. According to above analysis, two sets of Landslide remote monitoring systems (abbreviated SPRM-01) are installed on North Mountain Landslide, and around 15 months monitoring data are collected, based on these data two sets of monitoring curves are obtained, which can indicated the change feature of sliding mass and the analysis results provide scientific basis for the stability analysis and hazard assessment of sliding mass. © (2012) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Rock slope; Sliding force monitoring; Warning; Wireless communications
INDEX KEYWORDS: Burial depths; Debris flows; Functional relationship; Hazard Assessment; Landslide monitoring; Potential sliding surfaces; Rainfall condition; Remote monitoring; Remote monitoring system; Rock landslide; Rock slope; Sichuan province; Sliding force; Sliding mass; Stability analysis; Sufficient conditions; Warning; Wenchuan Earthquake; Wireless communication technology; Wireless communications; Debris; Earthquakes; Hazards; Intelligent systems; Mechanical engineering; Monitoring; Professional aspects; Remote control; Wireless telecommunication systems; Landslides
REFERENCES: Usgs U S Geological Survey; 
Zan, Leonardo, Landslides early warning monitoring system, International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), 1, pp. 188-190, (2002); 
Proceedings IC Fsm2003 International Conference on Fast Slope Movements Prediction and Prevention for Risk Mitigation, (2003); 
Ohbayashi, Riki, Monitoring system for landslide disaster by wireless sensing node network, Proceedings of the SICE Annual Conference, pp. 1705-1710, (2008); 
He, Manchao, Real-time remote monitoring and forecasting system for geological disasters of landslides and its engineering application, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 28, 6, pp. 1081-1090, (2009)
SPONSORS: Research Association of Modern Education and Computer Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Ternopil National Economic University
CONFERENCE NAME: 2012 International Conference on Mechanical Engineering and Intelligent Systems, ICMEIS 2012
CONFERENCE DATE: 2012-08-25 through 2012-08-26
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Fan, X., Van Westen, C.J., Korup, O., Görüm, T., Xu, Q., Dai, F., Huang, R., Wang, G.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Fan, Xuanmei (12752112800); Van Westen, Cees J. (6701664942); Korup, Oliver (6602348460); Görüm, Tolga (10440667500); Xu, Qiang (56506033600); Dai, Fuchu (7102055666); Huang, Runqiu (55835407700); Wang, Gonghui (8532560900)
12752112800; 6701664942; 6602348460; 10440667500; 56506033600; 7102055666; 55835407700; 8532560900
Transient water and sediment storage of the decaying landslide dams induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, China
(2012) Geomorphology, 171-172, pp. 58 - 68, Cited 99 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2012.05.003
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84865557173&doi=10.1016%2Fj.geomorph.2012.05.003&partnerID=40&md5=27d6e55a516d76aa6600794c8670b87f

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation – ITC, Enschede, Overijssel, Netherlands; Institute of Earth and Environmental Science, Universität Potsdam, Potsdam, Brandenburg, Germany; Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
ABSTRACT: Earthquake-triggered landslide dams are potentially dangerous disrupters of water and sediment flux in mountain rivers, and capable of releasing catastrophic outburst flows to downstream areas. We analyze an inventory of 828 landslide dams in the Longmen Shan mountains, China, triggered by the M <inf>w</inf> 7.9 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. This database is unique in that it is the largest of its kind attributable to a single regional-scale triggering event: 501 of the spatially clustered landslides fully blocked rivers, while the remainder only partially obstructed or diverted channels in steep watersheds of the hanging wall of the Yingxiu-Beichuan Fault Zone. The size distributions of the earthquake-triggered landslides, landslide dams, and associated lakes (a) can be modeled by an inverse gamma distribution; (b) show that moderate-size slope failures caused the majority of blockages; and (c) allow a detailed assessment of seismically induced river-blockage effects on regional water and sediment storage. Monte Carlo simulations based on volumetric scaling relationships for soil and bedrock failures respectively indicate that 14% (18%) of the estimated total coseismic landslide volume of 6.4 (14.6)×10 9m 3 was contained in landslide dams, representing only 1.4% of the >60,000 slope failures attributed to the earthquake. These dams have created storage capacity of ~0.6×10 9m 3 for incoming water and sediment. About 25% of the dams containing 2% of the total river-blocking debris volume failed one week after the earthquake; these figures had risen to 60% (~20%), and >90% (>90%) within one month, and one year, respectively, thus also emptying ~92% of the total potential water and sediment storage behind these dams within one year following the earthquake. Currently only ~0.08×10 9m 3 remain available as natural reservoirs for storing water and sediment, while ~0.19×10 9m 3, i.e. about a third of the total river-blocking debris volume, has been eroded by rivers. Dam volume and upstream catchment area control to first order the longevity of the barriers, and bivariate domain plots are consistent with the observation that most earthquake-triggered landslide dams were ephemeral. We conclude that the river-blocking portion of coseismic slope failures disproportionately modulates the post-seismic sediment flux in the Longmen Shan on annual to decadal timescales. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Earthquake; Landslide dam; Magnitude and frequency; Sediment budget
INDEX KEYWORDS: computer simulation; coseismic process; earthquake magnitude; earthquake trigger; landslide; Monte Carlo analysis; outburst; sediment budget; Sichuan earthquake 2008; slope failure; China; Longmen Mountains
REFERENCES: Adams, John, Earthquake-dammed lakes in New Zealand, Geology, 9, 5, pp. 215-219, (1981); 
Casagli, Nicola, Determining grain size distribution of the material composing landslide dams in the Northern Apennines: Sampling and processing methods, Engineering Geology, 69, 1-2, pp. 83-97, (2003); 
Chai, Hejun, The distribution, causes and effects of damming landslides in China, Journal of the Chengdu Institute of Technology, 27, 3, pp. 302-307, (2000); 
Chigira, Masahiro, Landslides induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China, Geomorphology, 118, 3-4, pp. 225-238, (2010); 
Costa, John E., FORMATION AND FAILURE OF NATURAL DAMS., Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 100, 7, pp. 1054-1068, (1988); 
Cotecchia, Vincenzo, Some principal geological aspects of the landslides of Southern Italy, Bulletin of the International Association of Engineering Geology - Bulletin de l'Association Internationale de Géologie de l'Ingénieur, 9, 1, pp. 23-32, (1974); 
Dai, Fuchu, The 1786 earthquake-triggered landslide dam and subsequent dam-break flood on the Dadu River, southwestern China, Geomorphology, 65, 3-4, pp. 205-221, (2005); 
Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011); 
Dong, J. J., Discriminant analysis of the geomorphic characteristics and stability of landslide dams, Geomorphology, 110, 3-4, pp. 162-171, (2009); 
Duman, Tamer Yiǧit, The largest landslide dam in Turkey: Tortum landslide, Engineering Geology, 104, 1-2, pp. 66-79, (2009)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Yang, W., Zheng, Z., Zhao, W.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Yang, Wei (55376739500); Zheng, Zhong (56041902200); Zhao, Wenji (12787367300)
55376739500; 56041902200; 12787367300
A hazard assessment of secondary disasters after earthquake in Wenchuan
(2012), art. no. 6270342, Cited 2 times.
DOI: 10.1109/Geoinformatics.2012.6270342
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84867134059&doi=10.1109%2FGeoinformatics.2012.6270342&partnerID=40&md5=11df237e5439528765887b222eeefa47

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Urban Environmental Processes and Digital Simulation, Capital Normal University, Beijing, Beijing, China; Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
ABSTRACT: Wenchuan Earthquake triggered a lot of secondary disasters including landslide, collapse and mud-rock flow which have brought enormous difficulties on traffic, communications, and hydropower projects. As aftershocks will be last for a long time, the risk assessment of secondary disasters plays an important role for disaster prevention and mitigation. The remote sensing images of China-Brazil Earth Resource Satellite (CBERS) with geological map, soil map and chart of vegetation coverage were used to distinguish the potential dangerous regions in Wenchuan County and assess the risk degree of secondary disasters. The results show that high possibility risk areas are located in the tall mountains and river valley from northeast to southeast around Yingxiu, Weizhou, Miansi, Yinxing, Gengda and Xuankou Town. © 2012 IEEE.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: analytical hierarchy process; expert scoring method; secondary disasters; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Analytical Hierarchy Process; Geological map; Hazard Assessment; Hydropower projects; Mud-rock flow; Remote sensing images; Resource satellite; Risk areas; Risk degree; River valley; Scoring methods; Soil maps; Vegetation coverage; Wenchuan Earthquake; Disaster prevention; Earthquakes; Image reconstruction; Risk assessment; Disasters
REFERENCES: South China Journal of Seismology, (2003); 
Ohlmacher, Gregory C., Using multiple logistic regression and GIS technology to predict landslide hazard in northeast Kansas, USA, Engineering Geology, 69, 3-4, pp. 331-343, (2003); 
Xu, Chong, GIS-based landslide susceptibility assessment using analytical hierarchy process in wenchuan earthquake region, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 28, SUPPL. 2, pp. 3978-3985, (2009); 
Journal of Catastrophology, (2004); 
Journal of Catastrophology, (2000); 
Journal of Catastrophology, (2009); 
Wang, Wei, Application of 3-D GIS to monitoring and forecast system of landslide hazard, Yantu Lixue/Rock and Soil Mechanics, 30, 11, pp. 3379-3385, (2009); 
Shanxi Architecture, (2009); 
Yao, Xin, Contribution of strata lithology and slope gradient to landslides triggered by Wenchuan Ms 8 earthquake, Sichuan, Geological Bulletin of China, 28, 8, pp. 1156-1162, (2009); 
Journal of Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, (2009)
SPONSORS: IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Society (GRSS), Chin. Acad. Sci., State Key Lab. Resour. Environ. Inf. Syst., Wuhan Univ., State Key Lab. Inf. Eng. Surv. Mapp. Remote Sens., Chin. Acad. Sci., Cent. Earth Obs. Digit. Earth, Beijing Normal Univ., Coll. Global Change Earth Syst. Sci.
CONFERENCE NAME: 2012 20th International Conference on Geoinformatics, Geoinformatics 2012
CONFERENCE DATE: 2012-06-15 through 2012-06-17
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

You, Y., Liu, J., Chen, X.-Z.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: You, Yong (35811595800); Liu, Jinfeng (59454532200); Chen, Xingzhang (25623240400)
35811595800; 59454532200; 25623240400
Design of Sluiceway channel in a landslide dam triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake
(2012) Disaster Advances, 5 (4), pp. 241 - 249, Cited 10 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84873202656&partnerID=40&md5=e38270d95521f8c5375298520c5a5e0c

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; School of Environment and Resource, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Many barrier dams formed around the epicenter when the Wenchuan earthquake occurred. The outburst flood of barrier lakes seriously threatens the safety of people and property downstream. Sluiceway channel is the most commonly used barrier lake hazard mitigation measure. Therefore, how to choose the cross section size to let the sluiceway have the optimal drainage capacity is very important. This study applies the Zongqu barrier dam as an example for discussing the optimal cross section design for the sluiceway channel. Based on the general background and filed investigation, the basic characteristics of the barrier dam are analyzed. Then, the peak discharge of 3.21 outburst flood is calculated. At last, the cross section size parameter (ft) and the cross section characteristic parameter (M) under the optimal cross section condition are introduced. The hydraulic radius (R) of the sluiceway channel with optimal discharge, the depth of sluice channel (h) and the bottom width (b) are deduced when the discharge of the outburst flood (Q) and the longitudinal gradient (I) are known. The results indicate that debris flows formed from the original landslide and residual materials are the main reason for the partial outburst of the barrier dam in March 21, 2009. According to the calculating results, the peak dischar3ge of the outburst flood in the dam site was 318.8 m /s. As a result, the cross section width is 6.13 m and the depth is 4.96 m of the Zongqu barrier dam sluice channel under the condition of optimal overflow.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Barrier lake; Cross section design; Sluiceway channel; Wenchuan earthquake; Zongqu gully
INDEX KEYWORDS: dam; dam failure; debris flow; design; drainage; hazard assessment; hydraulic head; landslide; longitudinal gradient; optimization; outburst; parameterization; peak discharge; Sichuan earthquake 2008; soil-structure interaction; structural analysis; structural response; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Becker, Julia S., Response to landslide dam failure emergencies: Issues resulting from the October 1999 Mount Adams landslide and dam-break flood in the Poerua River, Westland, New Zealand, Natural Hazards Review, 8, 2, pp. 35-42, (2007); 
Earth Science Frontiers, (2008); 
Dai, Fuchu, The 1786 earthquake-triggered landslide dam and subsequent dam-break flood on the Dadu River, southwestern China, Geomorphology, 65, 3-4, pp. 205-221, (2005); 
Yangtze River, (2008); 
Movement Mechanism and Disaster Control for Debris Flow, (2004); 
Kattelmann, Richard C., Reducing glacial-lake outburst hazards in the Khumbu Himal, pp. 258-259, (1996); 
Chinese Flood Control and Drought Relief, (2008); 
Li, Minghsu, Inundation potentials analysis for Tsao-Ling landslide lake formed by Chi-Chi earthquake in Taiwan, Natural Hazards, 25, 3, pp. 289-303, (2002); 
Engineering Science, (2008); 
Liu, Ning, Draining Tangjiashan barrier kake after Wenchuan Earthquake and the flood propagation after the dam break, Science in China, Series E: Technological Sciences, 52, 4, pp. 801-809, (2009)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Liu, J., Nakatani, K., You, Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Liu, Jinfeng (59454532200); Nakatani, Kana (19635816400); You, Yong (35811595800)
59454532200; 19635816400; 35811595800
Debris flow deposition prediction based on numerical simulation: A case study of Mozi Gully, Wenchuan County, Sichuan Province, China
(2012) Disaster Advances, 5 (4), pp. 1486 - 1490, Cited 0 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84873186624&partnerID=40&md5=32f1f8397fa3ff98b8f0b760aa855f76

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Department of Erosion Control Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
ABSTRACT: Wenchuan Earthquake triggered large numbers of collapses and landslides which provided abundant loose solid materials for debris flow. Debris flows were very active and caused great damages in the earthquake-hit area. Many important facilities had been constructed on debris flow alluvial fan and thus will be threatened by debris flows inevitably after the post-disaster reconstruction. Therefore, it is necessary to study the deposition prediction which can provide basis for the prevention and reduction of debris flows. This paper presented a case study on the debris flow deposition prediction based on numerical simulation by using Kanako 2D. The deposition ranges were simulated under the 1%, 2% and 10% debris flow frequencies. The simulation results show that debris flows will continue to block the Min River and raise the water level of the upstream barrier lake. A channel was suggested to be constructed on the alluvial fan to change the debris flow direction and avoid blocking the Min River based on the simulation results.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris Flow; Deposition Prediction; Mozi Gully; Numerical Simulation; Wenchuan Earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: alluvial fan; computer simulation; debris flow; deposition; earthquake trigger; landslide; Sichuan earthquake 2008; China; Min River [Sichuan]; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Journal of Mountain Science, (2010); 
Duyan, Xiakang, Probability distribution of landslides caused by earthquake - A case study in Wenchuan-Dujiangyan highway, Disaster Advances, 3, 4, pp. 233-235, (2010); 
Franzi, Luca, A statistical method to predict debris flow deposited volumes on a debris fan, Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part C: Solar, Terrestrial and Planetary Science, 26, 9, pp. 683-688, (2001); 
Benda, Lee E., Predicting deposition of debris flows in mountain channels, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 27, 4, pp. 409-417, (1990); 
Debris Flow Hazards and Related Phenomena, (2005); 
Research on Debris Flow in China, (2004); 
Berti, Matteo, Prediction of debris flow inundation areas using empirical mobility relationships, Geomorphology, 90, 1-2, pp. 144-161, (2007); 
Journal of the Chinese Institute of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, (1998); 
Debris Flow Mechanics Prediction and Countermeasures, (2007); 
Yang, Zongji, Epicentral distance and impacts of rainfall on geohazards after the 5.12 wenchuan earthquake. China, Disaster Advances, 3, 4, pp. 151-156, (2010)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wei, F., Su, P., Jiang, Y.H.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wei, Fangqiang (14033564100); Su, Pengcheng (55234493100); Jiang, Yuhong (7404832288)
14033564100; 55234493100; 7404832288
Distribution characteristics of landslides and debris flows in the Wenchuan earthquake region before and after the earthquake
(2012) Disaster Advances, 5 (4), pp. 285 - 294, Cited 10 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84873157652&partnerID=40&md5=c0e6b12834d433f3c0d547cb3c4158b1

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: There are a lot of landslides and debris flows developed in the Wenchuan earthquake region before the earthquake because of the wavy terrain, complex geological environment and rich rainfall. The Wenchuan earthquake triggered numerous landslides and debris flows. After the earthquake, not only landslides and debris flows become more active, but also the distribution of them has some new characteristics. Based on the distributions of landslides and debris flows before and after the earthquake, the characteristics of the distributions are analyzed and the quantitative regularity of their distribution after the earthquake is described.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flow; Distribution regularity; Landslide; Longnen Shan region; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: debris flow; landslide; quantitative analysis; Sichuan earthquake 2008; spatial distribution; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Cheng, Jack D., Hydrometeorological and landuse attributes of debris flows and debris floods during typhoon Toraji, July 29-30, 2001 in central Taiwan, Journal of Hydrology, 306, 1-4, pp. 161-173, (2005); 
Keefer, David K., LANDSLIDES CAUSED BY EARTHQUAKES., Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 95, 4, pp. 406-421, (1984); 
Lin, Ching-Wee Weei, Impact of Chi-Chi earthquake on the occurrence of landslides and debris flows: Example from the Chenyulan River watershed, Nantou, Taiwan, Engineering Geology, 71, 1-2, pp. 49-61, (2004); 
Ouimet, William B., Landslides associated with the May 12, 2008 Wenchuan earthquake: Implications for the erosion and tectonic evolution of the Longmen Shan, Tectonophysics, 491, 1-4, pp. 244-252, (2010); 
Toyota, Hirofumi, Evalution of natural slope failures induced by the 2004 Niigata-ken Chuetsu Earthquake, Soils and Foundations, 46, 6, pp. 727-738, (2006); 
Wei, Fangqiang, Relationships between debris flows and earth surface factors in Southwest China, Environmental Geology, 55, 3, pp. 619-627, (2008); 
Yin, Yueping, Landslide hazards triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China, Landslides, 6, 2, pp. 139-152, (2009); 
Database and Regional Distribution Regularity of Debris Flow and Landslide in China, (1998)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Yang, Z., Qiao, J., Tian, H., Huang, D., Wang, M.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Yang, Zongji (24485723300); Qiao, Jianping (24485090400); Tian, Hongling (14520009600); Huang, Dong (36664555400); Wang, Meng (25927651000)
24485723300; 24485090400; 14520009600; 36664555400; 25927651000
Real-time regional rainfall induced geohazards prediction method in the Wenchuan earthquake Region, China
(2012) Disaster Advances, 5 (4), pp. 1269 - 1274, Cited 4 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84873114946&partnerID=40&md5=29d62efa4f6ac57c6a11d1912e657e94

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: It has been two years after the Wenchuan earthquake took place on 12 May, 2008. Researchers are still concerned about the prediction of the geohazards such as debris flows, landslides and rockfalls which were triggered by the earthquake during the rain season in recent years. As a random event geohazards occurrence is affected by environmental factors and triggering factors. According to geohazards mechanism, the probability based prediction method of regional geohazards is proposed by the combination of geohazard zonation and probability of regional precipitation occurrence. The prediction model is established by the analysis of geology and hydrology factors of the study area, which is combined with the analysis of geohazards occurrence data and the corresponding precipitation data. Then, the method is applied in earthquake hit region of Chengdu City, Sichuan province, which is established by the analysis of geological environment and hydrology of study area, the model is based on geohazards occurrence probability and the data of meteorology in the study area. Then this model was applied in predicting the probability of geohazards in Chengdu city on September 24, 2008 and after that the prediction results were confirmed and contrasted through the geohazards event at that time. The probability of geohazards occurrence in the spatial area is illustrated as red alert regions, which is corresponding with the fact that geohazards was triggered at the right time and right place. As a result, this model demonstrates a useful application as a realtime prediction method and also provides a basis for future time and space warning system on regional Rainfall-induced geohazards.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Chengdu; Geohazards; Prediction method; Rainfall-induced; Real time
INDEX KEYWORDS: debris flow; environmental factor; landslide; precipitation assessment; prediction; probability; rainfall; real time; rockfall; Sichuan earthquake 2008; warning system; Chengdu; China; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Au, S. W.C., Rain-induced slope instability in Hong Kong, Engineering Geology, 51, 1, pp. 1-36, (1998); 
Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Landslides, (1984); 
Dai, Fuchu, Frequency-volume relation and prediction of rainfall-induced landslides, Engineering Geology, 59, 3-4, pp. 253-266, (2001); 
Ding, Jixin, New method of predicting rainfall-induced landslides, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 23, 21, pp. 3738-3743, (2004); 
Huang, Dong, Research and application of landslide real-time monitoring system based on unsaturated soil mechanics, Disaster Advances, 3, 4, pp. 99-104, (2010); 
Chinese Journal of Rockk; 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2009); 
Tian, Hongling, Benefit-cost analysis of geological disaster mitigation and example1, Disaster Advances, 3, 4, pp. 163-165, (2010); 
Natural Hazards, (1984); 
Wang, Meng, GIS-based earthquake-triggered landslide hazard zoning using contributing weight model, Journal of Mountain Science, 7, 4, pp. 339-352, (2010)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Fangpeng, C., Yueping, Y., Ruilin, H.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Fangpeng, Cui (55576082100); Yueping, Yin (55576081200); Ruilin, Hu (55575234200)
55576082100; 55576081200; 55575234200
A variation trend analysis of key controlling factors on slope dynamic response due to seismic action
(2012) Disaster Advances, 5 (4), pp. 51 - 57, Cited 4 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84873104622&partnerID=40&md5=335d9cd75d680676896a679ed686f71a

AFFILIATIONS: College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology, Beijing, Beijing, China; Geological Disaster Emergency Technique Direction Center, Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Engineering Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Slopes' dynamic response with different distances from the initial epicenter of the Wenchuan Earthquake due to single and combined action with regionality and spatial heterogeneity of Primary and Secondary waves is simulated by applying the Universal Distinct Element Code software. As a result, the key controlling factor and its variation trend with the increasing hypocentral distance of slope initial collapsing and sliding response due to seismic action are revealed. As far as the time consumed in the process from original slope to fractured is concerned, the slope under combined seismic action between P and S wave appears instability prior to the slope under single action of P wave. With the increasing hypocentral distance, the key controlling factor of the slope collapsing and sliding response varies from the combined seismic action between P and S wave to the single seismic action of P wave. As for the mechanical mechanism of slope instability, coupled action between vertical and horizontal ground acceleration results in the slope dynamic response with a variation trend of key action from the vertical acceleration to the horizontal one. Finally, the initial instability originates always at slope shoulder due to seismic action in relation with the peak ground acceleration amplification effect and the variation trend of the slope mechanical parameters on its fracturing.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Collapsing and sliding response; Key controlling factors; Seismic action; The Donghekou Landslide; The Niujuangou Landslide; The Xinzhong Landslide
INDEX KEYWORDS: dynamic response; earthquake epicenter; earthquake hypocenter; P-wave; peak acceleration; S-wave; seismic response; Sichuan earthquake 2008; slope; slope stability; structural control; trend analysis; variance analysis
REFERENCES: Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, (2010); 
Cui, Fangpeng, Discrete element analysis of collapsing and sliding response of slope triggered by time difference coupling effects of P and S seismic waves - Taking Tangjiashan landslide in beichuan county for example, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 29, 2, pp. 319-327, (2010); 
Cui, Fangpeng, Collapsing and sliding response of slopes triggered by single and combined action with time difference of P and S seismic waves, Yantu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 32, 8, pp. 1266-1273, (2010); 
Cui, Fangpeng, Numerical simulation of collapsing and sliding response of slope triggered by seismic dynamic action, Tongji Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Tongji University, 39, 3, pp. 445-450, (2011); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2009); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2008); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2009); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2008); 
Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, (2010)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zhang, Y.-J., Xing, A., Zhu, J.-L.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhang, Yuanjiao (55278388100); Xing, Aiguo (7004119237); Zhu, Jiliang (57103923700)
55278388100; 7004119237; 57103923700
Dynamics analysis of Niujuangou rockslide-debris avalanche triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake
(2012) Shanghai Jiaotong Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University, 46 (10), pp. 1665 - 1670, Cited 9 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84870626299&partnerID=40&md5=e69b660fc73a4123aa1bbf71431d58f1

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Center for Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, China Geological Survey, Beijing, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Niujuangou rockslide-debris avalanche is known as a typical rockslide-debris avalanche, which was triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake. Superposed earthquake effects came from horizontal and vertical directions made initial rock mass throw out and move rapidly, after experiencing several strikes, rock mass almost fragment, and sliding mass move like debris avalanche in Niujuangou creek. A dynamic model DAN was used to back analysis of this event. Both Friction rule and Voellmy rule were modeled and compared. The results show that it would be best to adopt Friction rule in the proximal path and Veollmy rule in the distal path. And most suitable parameters, volume and profile of deposition, velocity of sliding mass were obtained.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Dynamic analysis; Niujuangou rockslide-debris avalanche; Numerical simulation
INDEX KEYWORDS: Back analysis; Debris avalanches; Dynamics analysis; Rock mass; Rockslide-debris avalanche; Sliding mass; Vertical direction; Wenchuan Earthquake; Computer simulation; Dynamic analysis; Earthquakes; Friction; Rock mechanics; Landslides
REFERENCES: Journal of Engineering Geology, (2008); 
Yin, Yueping, Catastrophic landslides associated with the M8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 70, 1, pp. 15-32, (2011); 
undefined, (2009); 
Dai, Fuchu, Rock avalanches triggered by oblique-thrusting during the 12 May 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Geomorphology, 132, 3-4, pp. 300-318, (2011); 
Xu, Qiang, Genetic types of large-scale landslides induced by Wenchuan earthquake, Diqiu Kexue - Zhongguo Dizhi Daxue Xuebao/Earth Science - Journal of China University of Geosciences, 36, 6, pp. 1134-1142, (2011); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2010); 
Huang, Runqiu, Mechanism and geo-mechanics models of landslides triggered by 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake, Journal of Mountain Science, 8, 2, pp. 200-210, (2011); 
Li, Xinpo, Simulation of the sliding process of Donghekou landslide triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake using a distinct element method, Environmental Earth Sciences, 65, 4, pp. 1049-1054, (2012); 
Sun, Ping, Analysis on the dynamical process of Donghekou rockslide-debris flow triggered by 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake, Journal of Mountain Science, 8, 2, pp. 140-148, (2011); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2010)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Liang, J.-T., Tang, C., Wang, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Liang, Jingtao (35205586800); Tang, Chuan (35932953300); Wang, Jun (55486566900)
35205586800; 35932953300; 55486566900
Exploration- and analysis-remote sensing of geological hazards induced by earthquakes in typical areas of Qingchuan, Sichuan, China
(2012) Journal of Chengdu University of Technology (Science and Technology Edition), 39 (5), pp. 530 - 534, Cited 4 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84869179320&partnerID=40&md5=b3b229304084fe43f065cc318fdb915f

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Sichuan Geological Survey, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: This paper makes an approach to the distribution characteristics of the geo-hazards induced by the Wenchuan earthquake and uses the aerial photos to interpret the geo-hazards in the Hongshi river basin of Qingchuan County, Sichuan. It is found that there are 712 geo-hazards in the area of 193 km 2, including 209 landslides, 486 rock falls, and 17 debris flows. The density of the geo-hazards amount to 3.7 km-2. Compared with the geo-hazards before the earthquake, the distribution of the earthquake-induced geo-hazards has obvious hanging wall footwall effects, topography effects, disaster-chain effects, and high density characteristics.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Aerial remote-sensing; Geo-hazard; Qingchuan; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: aerial survey; debris flow; exploration; landslide; remote sensing; seismic hazard; Sichuan earthquake 2008; China; Qingchuan; Sichuan
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Yin, Y., Wang, M., Li, B., Feng, Z.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Yin, Yueping (55687306100); Wang, Meng (56005261600); Li, Bin (57283602100); Feng, Zhen (54417139800)
55687306100; 56005261600; 57283602100; 54417139800
Dynamic response characteristics of Daguangbao landslide triggered by Wenchuan earthquake
(2012) Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 31 (10), pp. 1969 - 1982, Cited 53 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84869116850&partnerID=40&md5=889ee1c661d839950e9bd6dbe03442da

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China; Sichuan Geological Survey, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: The complicate earthquake dynamic response is simulated with FLAC 3D that is much different with simple/homogeneous slope due to poor amplitude effect along the height. For the horizontal acceleration response, the front of the landslide has greater vibrating frequency and amplitude, that is easier to trigger the slide along the inclined layer. For the vertical acceleration response, the back of the landslide has greater amplitude of vibration, and as three times as the absolute value of the acceleration in the front, that is easier cracking, fragmenting or even throwing rock mass. In light of the earthquake dynamic response and movement, the landslide accumulation and source are zoned as follows: (1) the lower inclined bedding sliding accumulation, which distributed in the East and dammed a tributary named the Huangdongzi; (2) the upper avalanche accumulation, which distributed in the Northwest and the North that overlay the North margin of previous sliding accumulation with belt-like; (3) the back cliff and talus, in which lots of cracks in the cliffs shows the tensive failures during the vibration; and lots of talus masses show gravity processes after the earthquake; (4) inclined bedding sliding surface and striation, which distributed at the back of the lower inclined bedding landslide. Enormous large-scale striation belts show the moving direction to North that is as same as the tendency of the layer.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Daguangbao landslide; Earthquake dynamic response; Gigantic landslide; Slope engineering; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Absolute values; Bedding landslides; Earthquake dynamics; Horizontal acceleration; Moving direction; Response characteristic; Rock mass; Sliding surface; Slope engineering; Vertical accelerations; Wenchuan Earthquake; Dynamic response; Earthquakes; Gravitation; Landslides; Slope protection
REFERENCES: Journal of Engineering Geology, (2008); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2025); 
Huang, Runqiu, The characteristics and failure mechanism of the largest landslide triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake, May 12, 2008, China, Landslides, 9, 1, pp. 131-142, (2012); 
Great Wenchuan Earthquake Seismogeology and Landslide Hazards, (2009); 
Yin, Yueping, Catastrophic landslides associated with the M8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 70, 1, pp. 15-32, (2011); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2011); 
Journal of Geomechanics, (2009); 
Wang, Yunsheng, Study of formation conditions and toss motion program of high landslides induced by earthquake, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 28, 11, pp. 2360-2368, (2009); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2010); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2010)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Peng, M., Zhang, L.M.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Peng, Ming (37108434300); Zhang, Limin Min (58883008100)
37108434300; 58883008100
Analysis of human risks due to dam break floods-part 2: Application to Tangjiashan landslide dam failure
(2012) Natural Hazards, 64 (2), pp. 1899 - 1923, Cited 83 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11069-012-0336-9
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84867231660&doi=10.1007%2Fs11069-012-0336-9&partnerID=40&md5=b5d347a2f329653c311fc64084f3577d

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
ABSTRACT: The Tangjiashan landslide dam was formed during the Ms8. 0 Wenchuan earthquake in 2008 and posed high risks to 1. 2 million people downstream the dam. A human risk analysis model (HURAM) reported in the companion paper is applied to evaluate the human risk in the Tangjiashan landslide dam failure. The characteristics of this landslide dam are introduced first. The breaching parameters in two cases (i. e., the actual case and a high erodibility case) are predicted with a physically based model, and the flood routing processes in these two cases are simulated using numerical analysis. The population at risk downstream of the landslide dam is then obtained based on the results of the flood routing simulations. Subsequently, the human risks are analyzed with HURAM using Bayesian networks. Fourteen influence parameters and their interrelationships are considered in a systematic structure in the case study. A change in anyone of them may affect the other parameters and leads to loss of life. HURAM allows not only cause-to-result inference, but also result-to-cause inference by updating the Bayesian network with specific information from the study case. The uncertainties of the parameters and their relationships are studied both at the global level using multiple sources of information and at the local level by updating the prior probabilities. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Bayesian networks; Dam break; Dam safety; Dams; Floods; Loss of life; Risk analysis; Risk management
INDEX KEYWORDS: Bayesian analysis; dam failure; flood damage; hazard management; landslide; risk assessment; safety; social impact; uncertainty analysis
REFERENCES: Lifesim A Model for Estimating Dam Failure Life Loss, (2005); 
Aboelata, Maged A., LIFESim: A tool for estimating and reducing life-loss resulting from dam and levee failures, (2008); 
Abt, Steven R., HUMAN STABILITY IN A HIGH FLOOD HAZARD ZONE, Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 25, 4, pp. 881-890, (1989); 
Probability Concepts in Engineering, (2007); 
Wu, Weiming, Earthen embankment breaching, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 137, 12, pp. 1549-1564, (2011); 
Brown, Curtis A., ASSESSING THE THREAT TO LIFE FROM DAM FAILURE, Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 24, 6, pp. 1303-1309, (1988); 
Chang, Dongsheng, Simulation of the erosion process of landslide dams due to overtopping considering variations in soil erodibility along depth, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 10, 4, pp. 933-946, (2010); 
Chang, Dongsheng, Field testing of erodibility of two landslide dams triggered by the 12 May Wenchuan earthquake, Landslides, 8, 3, pp. 321-332, (2011); 
Open Channel Hydraulics, (1959); 
Cui, Peng, The 12 May Wenchuan earthquake-induced landslide lakes: Distribution and preliminary risk evaluation, Landslides, 6, 3, pp. 209-223, (2009)
PUBLISHER: Kluwer Academic Publishers
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Cheng, S., Yu, H., Yang, G., Yang, R., Liu, Y., Zhang, Z., Xiong, G., Peng, B., Gao, Y., Li, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Cheng, Song (7404685011); Yu, Hui (55515499400); Yang, Gang (57075284200); Yang, Ren (55366369200); Liu, Yuxian (55154628400); Zhang, Zhongyou (56068861300); Xiong, Gang (54415223500); Peng, Bo (57206264461); Gao, Yongheng (23018740900); Li, Jiyue (36174439800)
7404685011; 55515499400; 57075284200; 55366369200; 55154628400; 56068861300; 54415223500; 57206264461; 23018740900; 36174439800
Impacts of Wenchuan earthquake-induced landslides on tree organ nutrients
(2012), art. no. 6245423, pp. 1518 - 1520, Cited 1 times.
DOI: 10.1109/iCBEB.2012.246
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84866723058&doi=10.1109%2FiCBEB.2012.246&partnerID=40&md5=a0800fe79db4408b92fe7c58da735068

AFFILIATIONS: GeCheng Global Eco-Tech Inc., Columbus, OH, United States; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China; Center for Scientific and Technological Application of Forestry, Mianyang, Sichuan, China; Bureau of Forestry, Sichuan, China; College of Forestry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
ABSTRACT: The Wenchuan Earthquake critically damaged soil environment, but weakly changed the aboveground growing environment of the trees. Whether and how earthquake-induced landslides impact tree organ nutrients related with the survival and recovery of trees in next years have never been examined globally, but that is important to understand how difficulty and diversity the ecological restoration is in the areas. This study demonstrated that the landslides significantly changed tree organ nutrients, but the changes varied with different tree organs and species. In Cupressus funebris, Mn content increased in needles, Fe and S contents did in branches, no nutrient changes occurred in roots. For Cryptomeria fortunei, foliar P content increased, nutrient contents did not alter in branches, total organic carbon decreased in roots. The increased foliar nutrients in both species imply that the nutrient changes are associated with the improvement of photosynthetic processes and enhancement of biomass allocation to roots so as to reinforce the survival and recovery ability of both species growing in the disturbed belowground environment. © 2012 IEEE.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: conifers; landslide; tree organ nutriention; Wenchuan Earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Biomass allocation; conifers; Ecological restoration; Foliar nutrients; Mn content; Nutrient contents; Soil environment; Total Organic Carbon; tree organ nutriention; Wenchuan Earthquake; Biomedical engineering; Biotechnology; Earthquakes; Forestry; Landslides; Manganese; Nutrients; Earth Movement; Softwoods
REFERENCES: Cheng, Song, Wenchuan 512 earthquake and giant panda habitat in Wolong, China: A review of strong earthquake effects, Frontiers of Forestry in China, 4, 4, pp. 388-393, (2009); 
Yang, Gang, Notice of Retraction: Changes in soil physical properties of forest floors in the Wenchuan earthquake-induced landslides, (2011); 
Yu, Hui, Changes in cupressus funebris and cryptomeria fortunei root parameters in landslides caused by the wenchuan earthquake, Advanced Materials Research, 378-379, pp. 381-384, (2012); 
Cheng, Song, Impacts of Wenchuan Earthquake-induced landslides on soil physical properties and tree growth, Ecological Indicators, 15, 1, pp. 263-270, (2012); 
Bethers, Suzanne, Effects of chronically elevated nitrogen and sulfur deposition on sugar maple saplings: Nutrition, growth and physiology, Forest Ecology and Management, 258, 5, pp. 895-902, (2009); 
Wang, Manlian, Effects of soil phosphorus level on morphological and photosynthetic characteristics of Ageratina adenophora and Chromolaena odorata, Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 17, 4, pp. 602-606, (2006)
CONFERENCE NAME: 2012 International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology, iCBEB 2012
CONFERENCE DATE: 2012-05-28 through 2012-05-30
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Li, Y., Chen, G., Tang, C., Zhou, G., Zheng, L.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Li, Yange (55339639500); Chen, Guangqi (55577206900); Tang, Chuan (35932953300); Zhou, G. (57199877714); Zheng, Lu (55273034500)
55339639500; 55577206900; 35932953300; 57199877714; 55273034500
Rainfall and earthquake-induced landslide susceptibility assessment using GIS and Artificial Neural Network
(2012) Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 12 (8), pp. 2719 - 2729, Cited 57 times.
DOI: 10.5194/nhess-12-2719-2012
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84866312529&doi=10.5194%2Fnhess-12-2719-2012&partnerID=40&md5=cb2946019c3ecdce54f237ede7de7953

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Japan; State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Nippon Institute of Technology, Minami-saitama District, Saitama, Japan
ABSTRACT: A GIS-based method for the assessment of landslide susceptibility in a selected area of Qingchuan County in China is proposed by using the back-propagation Artificial Neural Network model (ANN). Landslide inventory was derived from field investigation and aerial photo interpretation. 473 landslides occurred before the Wenchuan earthquake (which were thought as rainfall-induced landslides (RIL) in this study), and 885 earthquake-induced landslides (EIL) were recorded into the landslide inventory map. To understand the different impacts of rainfall and earthquake on landslide occurrence, we first compared the variations between landslide spatial distribution and conditioning factors. Then, we compared the weight variation of each conditioning factor derived by adjusting ANN structure and factors combination respectively. Last, the weight of each factor derived from the best prediction model was applied to the entire study area to produce landslide susceptibility maps. Results show that slope gradient has the highest weight for landslide susceptibility mapping for both RIL and EIL. The RIL model built with four different factors (slope gradient, elevation, slope height and distance to the stream) shows the best success rate of 93 %; the EIL model built with five different factors (slope gradient, elevation, slope height, distance to the stream and distance to the fault) has the best success rate of 98 %. Furthermore, the EIL data was used to verify the RIL model and the success rate is 92 %; the RIL data was used to verify the EIL model and the success rate is 53 %. © 2012 Author(s). CC Attribution 3.0 License.
INDEX KEYWORDS: aerial photograph; artificial neural network; back propagation; data interpretation; earthquake mechanism; geological mapping; GIS; landslide; rainfall; slope dynamics; slope stability; spatial distribution; China; Qingchuan; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Ayalew, Lulseged, The spatial correlation between earthquakes and landslides in Hokkaido (Japan), a GIS-based analysis of the past and the future, Landslides, 8, 4, pp. 433-448, (2011); 
Bai, Shibiao, GIS-based logistic regression for landslide susceptibility mapping of the Zhongxian segment in the Three Gorges area, China, Geomorphology, 115, 1-2, pp. 23-31, (2010); 
Çan, Tolga, Susceptibility assessments of shallow earthflows triggered by heavy rainfall at three catchments by logistic regression analyses, Geomorphology, 72, 1-4, pp. 250-271, (2005); 
Geographical Information Systems in Assessing Natural Hazards, (1995); 
Chang, Kangtsung, Modeling typhoon- and earthquake-induced landslides in a mountainous watershed using logistic regression, Geomorphology, 89, 3-4, pp. 335-347, (2007); 
Chung, Chungjo F., Probabilistic prediction models for landslide hazard mapping, Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, 65, 12, pp. 1389-1399, (1999); 
Conoscenti, Christian, GIS analysis to assess landslide susceptibility in a fluvial basin of NW Sicily (Italy), Geomorphology, 94, 3-4, pp. 325-339, (2008); 
Michael J. Crozier, Michael J., Multiple-occurrence regional landslide events in New Zealand: Hazard management issues, Landslides, 2, 4, pp. 247-256, (2005); 
Dahal, Ranjan Kumar, Representative rainfall thresholds for landslides in the Nepal Himalaya, Geomorphology, 100, 3-4, pp. 429-443, (2008); 
Dai, Fuchu, Landslide characteristics and slope instability modeling using GIS, Lantau Island, Hong Kong, Geomorphology, 42, 3-4, pp. 213-228, (2002)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Guo, D., Hamada, M.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Guo, Deping (55551453500); Hamada, Masanori (7403131923)
55551453500; 7403131923
Observed stability of natural and reinforced slopes during the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake
(2012) Structural Engineering/Earthquake Engineering, 29 (2), Cited 3 times.
DOI: 10.2208/jsceseee.29.9s
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84865753172&doi=10.2208%2Fjsceseee.29.9s&partnerID=40&md5=bca691aedb2fe73013586c8edadbe3e7

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
ABSTRACT: The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake with a surface wave magnitude of 8.0 induced numerous landslides along the Longmen Mt. zone in Sichuan Province of China. The authors investigated into various influen- tial factors on the slope stability of 119 landslides in Wenchuan prefecture, such as horizontal peak ground acceleration, slope angle, slope height, rock materials and geological structures. The authors developed hanging wall and footwall's acceleration attenuation formulae from 115 seismic stations and the formulae confirmed hanging-foot wall effect had notable influence on landslide distribution density and occurrence probability. The results of multivariable analysis clarified that slope height, horizontal peak ground accel- eration and geological structures were more influential to sliding area and volume than slope angle and rock materials. Furthermore, the authors discussed the effectiveness of reinforcements on the slope stability and showed that anchor cable, frame beam and soil nailing wall had good anti-seismic property, however, shotcrete with bolts had limited ability to enhance slope stability during the earthquake.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Landslide; Reinforced slope; Seismic damage survey; Statistical analysis; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Distribution density; Frame beams; Geological structures; Multivariable analysis; Occurrence probability; Peak ground acceleration; Reinforced slope; Rock materials; Seismic damage survey; Seismic station; Shotcretes; Sichuan province; Slope angles; Soil nailing wall; Surface wave magnitudes; Wall effects; Wenchuan Earthquake; Anchor cables; Landslides; Probability distributions; Shaft displacement; Slope protection; Statistical methods; Surface waves; Titanium compounds; Earthquakes
REFERENCES: Huang, Runqiu, Research on development and distribution rules of geohazards induced by Wenchuan earthquake on 12th May, 2008, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 27, 12, pp. 2585-2592, (2008); 
Journal of Geological Hazards and Environment Preservation, (2009); 
Finite Fault Model Preliminary Result of the May 12 2008 Mw 7 9 Eastern Sichuan, (2012); 
Handbook of Engineering Geology, (2007); 
Lin, Meei Ling, Seismic slope behavior in a large-scale shaking table model test, Engineering Geology, 86, 2-3, pp. 118-133, (2006); 
Xu, Guangxing, Large-scale shaking table model test study on dynamic characteristics and dynamic responses of slope, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 27, 3, pp. 624-632, (2008); 
Xu, Guangxing, Dynamic response of slopes under earthquakes and influence of ground motion parameters, Yantu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 30, 6, pp. 918-923, (2008); 
Technology of Highway and Transport, (2005); 
Goodman, Richard E., TOPPLING OF ROCK SLOPES., 2, pp. 201-223, (1976); 
Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineering, (2003)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Fan, X., Van Westen, C.J., Xu, Q., Görüm, T., Dai, F.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Fan, Xuanmei (12752112800); Van Westen, Cees J. (6701664942); Xu, Qiang (56506033600); Görüm, Tolga (10440667500); Dai, Fuchu (7102055666)
12752112800; 6701664942; 56506033600; 10440667500; 7102055666
Analysis of landslide dams induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake
(2012) Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 57, pp. 25 - 37, Cited 160 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2012.06.002
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84865096062&doi=10.1016%2Fj.jseaes.2012.06.002&partnerID=40&md5=a3bb43c043741e65be8ff4be4ff955b3

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation – ITC, Enschede, Overijssel, Netherlands; Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Landslide dams caused by earthquakes are extremely hazardous disruptions of the flow of water and sediment in mountain rivers, capable of delivering large outburst floods that may devastate downstream areas. We analyzed a unique inventory of 828 landslide dams triggered by the . M <inf>w</inf> 7.9 2008 Wenchuan tectonic earthquake, China, constituting ~1.4% of the >60,000 coseismic slope failures mapped and attributed to this event. While 501 landslides blocked the rivers completely, the remainder caused only partial damming or channel diversion. The spatial distribution of landslide dams follows the same trend of that of the total landslide distribution, with landslide dams being most abundant in the steep watersheds of the hanging wall of the Yingxiu-Beichuan Thrust Fault, and in the northeastern part of the strike-slip fault near Qingchuan. Besides the co-seismic landslide density, the river width also played a key role in determining the landslide dam formation. Narrow rivers are more prone to be dammed than the wide rivers. The correlation between river width and landslide dam volume follows a linear relation, which can be used to roughly estimate the dam formation possibility. However, the applicability of this correlation needs to be validated in other regions. The decay (failure) rate of dams, defined here as the percentage of the number and area of landslide dams that have failed over time, shows that ~25% of dams accounting for ~30% of total landslide dam area failed one week after the earthquake. These percentages increased to ~60% within 1. month, and to >90% within 1. year. The geomorphometric parameters were analyzed, revealing power-law relations between landslide area and dam width, landslide source area and dam area, as well as lake area and lake volume. The inventory presented in this study will enrich the worldwide earthquake-induced landslide dam database and will also contribute to a better understanding of the post-earthquake dam decay. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Failure rate; Landslide dam; Quake lake; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: dam; earthquake catalogue; earthquake magnitude; earthquake mechanism; failure analysis; geomorphological response; landslide; model validation; mountain stream; parameterization; power law; Sichuan earthquake 2008; slope failure; spatial distribution; strike-slip fault; thrust fault
REFERENCES: Adams, John, Earthquake-dammed lakes in New Zealand, Geology, 9, 5, pp. 215-219, (1981); 
Burchfiel, B. Clark, Tectonics of the Longmen Shan and Adjacent Regions, Central China, International Geology Review, 37, 8, pp. 661-735, (1995); 
Casagli, Nicola, Geomorphic analysis of landslide dams in the Northern Apennine, Chikei, 20, 3, pp. 219-249, (1999); 
Journal of Geological Hazards and Environment Preservation, (1995); 
Chai, Hejun, The distribution, causes and effects of damming landslides in China, Journal of the Chengdu Institute of Technology, 27, 3, pp. 302-307, (2000); 
Chigira, Masahiro, Landslides induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China, Geomorphology, 118, 3-4, pp. 225-238, (2010); 
Costa, John E., FORMATION AND FAILURE OF NATURAL DAMS., Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 100, 7, pp. 1054-1068, (1988); 
Documented Historical Landslide Dams from Around the World, (1991); 
Cruden, David M., Landslide types and processes, Special Report - National Research Council, Transportation Research Board, 247, pp. 36-75, (1996); 
Cui, Peng, The 12 May Wenchuan earthquake-induced landslide lakes: Distribution and preliminary risk evaluation, Landslides, 6, 3, pp. 209-223, (2009)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zhang, F., Liu, G., Chen, W.-W., Shen, Y.-X., Han, W.-F.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhang, Fanyu Yu (10140440200); Liu, Gao (26664028100); Chen, Wenwu (26643512500); Shen, Yunxia (59849424000); Han, Wenfeng (9237052500)
10140440200; 26664028100; 26643512500; 59849424000; 9237052500
Large landslide susceptibility assessment by multivariate statistical analysis in the Longnan area affected by the Wenchuan earthquake
(2012) Zhongnan Daxue Xuebao (Ziran Kexue Ban)/Journal of Central South University (Science and Technology), 43 (9), pp. 3595 - 3600, Cited 6 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84868658896&partnerID=40&md5=2d737746e20b127ebfb82cdfa4b3af99

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Mechanics on Disaster and Environment in Western China, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China; School of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
ABSTRACT: Taking Longnan area of the east part of Gansu province, which was seriously affected by the "5.12" Wenchuan earthquake, as study area, a comprehensive analysis was conducted based on field investigation of the front and back of the Wenchuan earthquake. The caused factors were determined as the first scenario by expert experiences. To avoid the expert subjectivity and reduce the interaction between the caused factors, principal component analysis was conducted to determine a new scenario. The two scenarios were assessed by logical regression analysis. The landslide susceptibility maps produced by logical regression analysis were validated by the success rate curve and the cumulative area curve. The results show that the landslide susceptibility map in the new scenario is better than that of the original one. Therefore, the landslide susceptibility map with the new scenario can be recommended as the consultation of the post-quake reconstruction, infrastructure construction and land planning.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Langnan earthquake area; Large landslide; Logistic regression; Principal components analysis; Susceptibility assessment; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Comprehensive analysis; Expert experience; Field investigation; Gansu province; Infrastructure construction; Land planning; Landslide susceptibility; Langnan earthquake area; Logistic regressions; Longnan; Multivariate statistical analysis; Principal components analysis; Study areas; Wenchuan Earthquake; Landslides; Logistics; Principal component analysis; Regression analysis; Statistics; Earthquakes
REFERENCES: Aleotti, Pietro, Landslide hazard assessment: Summary review and new perspectives, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 58, 1, pp. 21-44, (1999); 
Saha, Ashis Kumar, An approach for GIS-based statistical landslide susceptibility zonation-with a case study in the Himalayas, Landslides, 2, 1, pp. 61-69, (2005); 
Fell, Robin, Guidelines for landslide susceptibility, hazard and risk zoning for land use planning, Engineering Geology, 102, 3-4, pp. 85-98, (2008); 
Baeza, Cristina, Assessment of shallow landslide susceptibility by means of multivariate statistical techniques, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 26, 12, pp. 1251-1263, (2001); 
Ayalew, Lulseged, Landslides in Sado Island of Japan: Part II. GIS-based susceptibility mapping with comparisons of results from two methods and verifications, Engineering Geology, 81, 4, pp. 432-445, (2005); 
Wang, Weidong, Landslides susceptibility mapped with CF and Logistic regression model, Zhongnan Daxue Xuebao (Ziran Kexue Ban)/Journal of Central South University (Science and Technology), 40, 4, pp. 1127-1132, (2009); 
Van Westen, Cees J., Use of geomorphological information in indirect landslide susceptibility assessment, Natural Hazards, 30, 3, pp. 399-419, (2003); 
Dai, Fuchu, Landslide characteristics and slope instability modeling using GIS, Lantau Island, Hong Kong, Geomorphology, 42, 3-4, pp. 213-228, (2002); 
Carrara, Alberto, Use of GIS technology in the prediction and monitoring of landslide hazard, Natural Hazards, 20, 2-3, pp. 117-135, (1999); 
Journal of Geological Hazards and Environment Preservation, (2005)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Ding, Y., Dang, C., Yuan, G., Wang, Q.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Ding, Yu (35796958300); Dang, Chao (18433637500); Yuan, Guangxiang (54783890400); Wang, Quancai (57214678173)
35796958300; 18433637500; 54783890400; 57214678173
Characteristics and remediation of a landslide complex triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan, China earthquake-case from Yingxiu near the earthquake epicenter
(2012) Environmental Earth Sciences, 67 (1), pp. 161 - 173, Cited 20 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s12665-011-1489-7
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84865747273&doi=10.1007%2Fs12665-011-1489-7&partnerID=40&md5=5ad48857a7bc29ac2a07cba1dde09138

AFFILIATIONS: College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory of Geological Hazards on Three Gorges Reservoir Area, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China; Institute of Resources and Environment, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: During the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, the river valley from Yingxiu to Wenchuan experienced numerous landslides and became a prominent area of landslide complexes. The present large landslide complex near the earthquake epicenter consisted of Laohuzui slide 1, Laohuzui slide 2 and Douyaping slide. The scale, geology, morphology, sliding process, and failure mechanism of the landslide complex are analyzed by means of field investigation, aerial photograph and stereographic projection technique. Characteristics of these three slides including seismic response of slope, landslide debris, damage and potential failure are discussed: the convex slope and the upslope of fractured granitic rock at high altitude are highly prone to landsliding under earthquake; the high source altitude and long travel path determine grain sizes and the deposit angle of the slide debris; the landslide complex completely buries the G213 roadway and dams up the Minjiang River in these sections; after the earthquake, rainfall, aftershocks and river erosion may retrigger new failures, such as retrogressive slide of weathered fractured rock, colluvial landslide, debris flow, embankment failure and rockfall. The following are presented as suggested remedial measures to protect the roadway and stabilize the slope: the removing and trenching, protective concrete/rock blocks against erosion, retaining structure, rockfall stopping wall, rockfall restraining net, rock bolt, and the planting of vegetation. © 2011 Springer-Verlag.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Landslide complex; Minjiang River; Potential failure; Remedial measures; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Aerial Photographs; Colluvial landslide; Debris flows; Earthquake epicenter; Embankment failure; Failure mechanism; Field investigation; Fractured rock; Grain size; Granitic rocks; High altitude; Landsliding; Long-travel; Minjiang River; Remedial measures; Retaining structure; Retrogressive slides; River erosion; River valley; Rock bolts; Rockfalls; Sliding process; Stereographic projection; Wenchuan Earthquake; Debris; Erosion; Landslides; Rivers; Rock bursts; Earthquakes; aerial photography; debris flow; earthquake epicenter; earthquake trigger; embankment; erosion; failure mechanism; geomorphology; granite; landslide; remediation; rockfall; seismic response; Sichuan earthquake 2008; vegetation structure; weathering rate; China; Min River [Sichuan]; Sichuan; Yingxiu
REFERENCES: Burchfiel, B. Clark, Tectonics of the Longmen Shan and Adjacent Regions, Central China, International Geology Review, 37, 8, pp. 661-735, (1995); 
Chin J Geol Haz Con, (1997); 
Chen, Shefa, Emplacement of the Longmen Shan Thrust-Nappe Belt along the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, Journal of Structural Geology, 18, 4, pp. 413-430, (1996); 
Chigira, Masahiro, Geological and geomorphological characteristics of landslides triggered by the 2004 Mid Niigta prefecture earthquake in Japan, Engineering Geology, 82, 4, pp. 202-221, (2006); 
Chigira, Masahiro, Landslides induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China, Geomorphology, 118, 3-4, pp. 225-238, (2010); 
Cruden, David M., Landslide types and processes, Special Report - National Research Council, Transportation Research Board, 247, pp. 36-75, (1996); 
Ding, Yu, Remediation and analysis of kinematic behaviour of a roadway landslide in the upper Minjiang river, Southwest China, Environmental Geology, 58, 7, pp. 1521-1532, (2009); 
Evans, Stephen G., Landslides triggered by the 1949 Khait earthquake, Tajikistan, and associated loss of life, Engineering Geology, 109, 3-4, pp. 195-212, (2009); 
Slope W Computer Program for Slope Stability Analysis, (2004); 
Coal Geology Exploration, (2009)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Xu, C., Xiwei, X.-W., Dai, F., Saraf, A.K.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Xu, Chong (35184309900); Xiwei, Xu (8246843900); Dai, Fuchu (7102055666); Saraf, Arun Kumar (7006460159)
35184309900; 8246843900; 7102055666; 7006460159
Comparison of different models for susceptibility mapping of earthquake triggered landslides related with the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China
(2012) Computers and Geosciences, 46, pp. 317 - 329, Cited 236 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.cageo.2012.01.002
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84862858195&doi=10.1016%2Fj.cageo.2012.01.002&partnerID=40&md5=2c359c9167b176a61c720c13da383355

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Active Tectonics and Volcano, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China; Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, UK, India
ABSTRACT: The main purpose of this study is to compare the following six GIS-based models for susceptibility mapping of earthquake triggered landslides: bivariate statistics (BS), logistic regression (LR), artificial neural networks (ANN), and three types of support vector machine (SVM) models that use the three different kernel functions linear, polynomial, and radial basis. The models are applied in a tributary watershed of the Fu River, a tributary of the Jialing River, which is part of the area of China affected by the May 12, 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. For this purpose, eleven thematic data layers are used: landslide inventory, slope angle, aspect, elevation, curvature, distance from drainages, topographic wetness index (TWI), distance from main roads, distance from surface rupture, peak ground acceleration (PGA), and lithology. The data layers were specifically constructed for analysis in this study. In the subsequent stage of the study, susceptibility maps were produced using the six models and the same input for each one. The validations of the resulting susceptibility maps were performed and compared by means of two values of area under curve (AUC) that represent the respective success rates and prediction rates. The AUC values obtained from all six results showed that the LR model provides the highest success rate (AUC=80.34) and the highest prediction rate (AUC=80.27). The SVM (radial basis function) model generates the second-highest success rate (AUC=80.302) and the second-highest prediction rate (AUC=80.151), which are close to the value from the LR model. The results using the SVM (linear) model show the lowest AUC values. The AUC values from the SVM (linear) model are only 72.52 (success rates) and 72.533 (prediction rates). Furthermore, the results also show that the radial basis function is the most appropriate kernel function of the three kernel functions applied using the SVM model for susceptibility mapping of earthquake triggered landslides in the study area. The paper also provides a counter-example for the widely held notion that validation performances of the results from application of the models obtained from soft computing techniques (such as ANN and SVM) are higher than those from applications of LR and BA models. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Artificial neural networks; Bivariate statistics; Earthquake triggered landslides; Landslide susceptibility mapping; Logistic regression; Support vector machine
INDEX KEYWORDS: BA model; Bivariate; Data layer; Kernel function; Landslide susceptibility mapping; Logistic regressions; Main roads; Peak ground acceleration; Prediction rate; Radial basis; Radial basis functions; Slope angles; Softcomputing techniques; Study areas; Surface ruptures; Susceptibility mapping; Susceptibility maps; SVM model; Thematic data; Topographic wetness index; Tributary watersheds; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes; Forecasting; Landslides; Lithology; Logistics; Mapping; Neural networks; Radial basis function networks; Regression analysis; Soft computing; Support vector machines; artificial neural network; comparative study; earthquake trigger; GIS; landslide; mapping method; modeling; regression analysis; Sichuan earthquake 2008; tributary; watershed; China; Fu River; Hubei
REFERENCES: Aleotti, Pietro, Landslide hazard assessment: Summary review and new perspectives, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 58, 1, pp. 21-44, (1999); 
Anbalagan, Rathinam, Landslide hazard evaluation and zonation mapping in mountainous terrain, Engineering Geology, 32, 4, pp. 269-277, (1992); 
Arora, Manoj Kumar, An artificial neural network approach for landslide hazard zonation in the bhagirathi (ganga) valley, himalayas, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 25, 3, pp. 559-572, (2004); 
Ayalew, Lulseged, The application of GIS-based logistic regression for landslide susceptibility mapping in the Kakuda-Yahiko Mountains, Central Japan, Geomorphology, 65, 1-2, pp. 15-31, (2005); 
Bednarik, Martin, Landslide susceptibility assessment of the Kraľovany-Liptovský Mikuláš railway case study, Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, 35, 3-5, pp. 162-171, (2010); 
Beven, Keith J., A physically based, variable contributing area model of basin hydrology, Hydrological Sciences Bulletin, 24, 1, pp. 43-69, (1979); 
Brenning, Alexander, Spatial prediction models for landslide hazards: Review, comparison and evaluation, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 5, 6, pp. 853-862, (2005); 
Chauhan, Shivani, Landslide susceptibility zonation through ratings derived from artificial neural network, International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 12, 5, pp. 340-350, (2010); 
Chung, Chungjo F., Probabilistic prediction models for landslide hazard mapping, Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, 65, 12, pp. 1389-1399, (1999); 
Dahal, Ranjan Kumar, GIS-based weights-of-evidence modelling of rainfall-induced landslides in small catchments for landslide susceptibility mapping, Environmental Geology, 54, 2, pp. 311-324, (2008)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zhao, H., Song, E.-X.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhao, Heng (56142626400); Song, Erxiang (7101904246)
56142626400; 7101904246
A method for predicting co-seismic displacements of slopes for landslide hazard zonation
(2012) Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 40, pp. 62 - 77, Cited 15 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2012.04.001
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84861330614&doi=10.1016%2Fj.soildyn.2012.04.001&partnerID=40&md5=6e998f93d4b89bf81af055807d45f963

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Civil Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Landslide hazard zonation based on co-seismic slope displacements has been applied in many regions. As there are a large number of slopes to be analyzed and it is impossible to obtain actual acceleration time histories for each of these slopes, the co-seismic displacements are often estimated by some simple empirical formulas, which are derived through regression analysis based on a certain set of acceleration time histories and can only be validly applied to regions similar to where the time history data were recorded. In this paper, treating the ground motion as a random process, a formula for calculating the expected value of Newmark displacement with the acceleration amplitude spectrum as input is derived. Since the formula is theoretically equivalent to the double integration procedure in a rigorous Newmark analysis, which has also been verified by careful comparisons of the calculated results, it can be applied for different regions. By combining the formula with ground motion simulations, a new method for estimating co-seismic slope displacements is proposed. The application of the method in the seriously struck area by Wenchuan earthquake shows that it is an effective tool for predicting co-seismic slope displacements as the predicted landslide distribution by using its estimated results agrees reasonably with the actual observations. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.
INDEX KEYWORDS: Acceleration amplitude; Acceleration-time history; Co-seismic displacement; Double-integration; Effective tool; Empirical formulas; Expected values; Ground motions; Ground-motion simulation; Landslide hazard; Newmark analysis; Time history; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes; Hazards; Random processes; Regression analysis; Landslides; computer simulation; coseismic process; displacement; ground motion; hazard assessment; landslide; Sichuan earthquake 2008; slope; zonation
REFERENCES: Keefer, David K., LANDSLIDES CAUSED BY EARTHQUAKES., Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 95, 4, pp. 406-421, (1984); 
Keefer, David K., Investigating landslides caused by earthquakes - A historical review, Surveys in Geophysics, 23, 6, pp. 473-510, (2002); 
Rodríguez, Carlos E., Earthquake-induced landslides: 1980-1997, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 18, 5, pp. 325-346, (1999); 
Papadopoulos, Gerassimos A., Magnitude-distance relations for earthquake-induced landslides in Greece, Engineering Geology, 58, 3-4, pp. 377-386, (2000); 
Prestininzi, Alberto, Earthquake-induced ground failures in Italy, Engineering Geology, 58, 3-4, pp. 387-397, (2000); 
Carro, Monica, The application of predictive modeling techniques to landslides induced by earthquakes: The case study of the 26 September 1997 Umbria-Mache earthquake (Italy), Engineering Geology, 69, 1-2, pp. 139-159, (2003); 
Romeo, Roberto Walter, Seismically induced landslide displacements: A predictive model, Engineering Geology, 58, 3-4, pp. 337-351, (2000); 
Wilson, Raymond Clark, PREDICTING AREAL LIMITS OF EARTHQUAKE-INDUCED LANDSLIDING., Geological Survey, Professional Paper, pp. 317-345, (1985); 
US Geological Survey Open File Report, (1998); 
Jibson, Randall W., A method for producing digital probabilistic seismic landslide hazard maps, Engineering Geology, 58, 3-4, pp. 271-289, (2000)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Li, Y., Chen, G., Tang, C., Zheng, L., Zhang, Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Li, Yange (55339639500); Chen, Guangqi (55577206900); Tang, Chuan (35932953300); Zheng, Lu (55273034500); Zhang, Yingbin Bin (57214256630)
55339639500; 55577206900; 35932953300; 55273034500; 57214256630
An approach from earthquake-induced landslides identification to numerical simulation of debris flow
(2012) Memoirs of the Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, 72 (2), pp. 69 - 83, Cited 0 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84865152454&partnerID=40&md5=a0c9135ae2d136ec7b523481ad38232a

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Department of Civil Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, China; State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: On August 14, 2010, an intense and prolonged rainfall triggered debris flow in Hongchun Gully, Yingxiu Town, the epicenter of Wenchuan earthquake. The event transported huge sediment material to the watercourse of the Minjiang River and formed a natural dam, resulting in flash flood in the new reconstruction Yingxiu Town. In order to predict the run out distance and extent of the hazard area of such kind of debris flows, we develop an approach from earthquake-induced landslides investigation to numerical simulation of debris flow in this study. At first, we determined the loose deposits by aerial photography identification and field investigation. Six large scale landslides were found in Hongchun Gully by using the object-oriented analysis remote sensing technique. And then, a two-dimensional numerical model was used to simulate the transport process of debris flow. Raster grid network of digital elevation model generated from GIS was used for the finite difference mesh. Results from the numerical simulation showed a good agreement with actual movement and deposition distribution of Hongchun Gully debris flow.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Aerial photography identification; Debris flow; GIS; Object-oriented analysis; Two-dimensional numerical model
INDEX KEYWORDS: Debris flows; Deposition distribution; Digital elevation model; Field investigation; Finite difference; Flash flood; Grid network; Hazard areas; Large-scale landslides; Loose deposits; Minjiang River; Natural dam; Object-oriented analysis; Remote sensing techniques; Runout distances; Transport process; Two dimensional numerical models; Wenchuan Earthquake; Aerial photography; Earthquakes; Geographic information systems; Landslides; Numerical models; Photographic equipment; Remote sensing; Two dimensional; Debris; aerial photography; debris flow; depositional sequence; digital elevation model; earthquake epicenter; earthquake trigger; flash flood; GIS; landslide; numerical model; rainfall; remote sensing; sediment transport; Sichuan earthquake 2008; China; Hongchun Gully; Min River [Sichuan]; Sichuan; Yingxiu
REFERENCES: Xu, Qiang, Spatial distribution of large-scale landslides induced by the 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake, Journal of Mountain Science, 8, 2, pp. 246-260, (2011); 
Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011); 
Lin, Ching-Wee Weei, Impacts of the Chi-Chi earthquake on subsequent rainfall-induced landslides in central Taiwan, Engineering Geology, 86, 2-3, pp. 87-101, (2006); 
Tang, Chuan, Landslides induced by the Wenchuan earthquake and the subsequent strong rainfall event: A case study in the Beichuan area of China, Engineering Geology, 122, 1-2, pp. 22-33, (2011); 
Journal of Natural Disaster Science, (1981); 
Nichol, Janet Elizabeth, Satellite remote sensing for detailed landslide inventories using change detection and image fusion, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 26, 9, pp. 1913-1926, (2005); 
Cheng, Ke Sheng, Locating landslides using multi-temporal satellite images, Advances in Space Research, 33, 3, pp. 296-301, (2004); 
Mondini, Alessandro C., Combining multiple change detection indices for mapping landslides triggered by typhoons, Geomorphology, 134, 3-4, pp. 440-451, (2011); 
Borghuis, A. M., Comparison between automated and manual mapping of typhoon-triggered landslides from SPOT-5 imagery, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 28, 8, pp. 1843-1856, (2007); 
Nichol, Janet Elizabeth, Detection and interpretation of landslides using satellite images, Land Degradation and Development, 16, 3, pp. 243-255, (2005)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wu, Z., Barosh, P.J., Zhang, Z., Liao, H.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wu, Zhenhan (8943866200); Barosh, Patrick J. (6602699862); Zhang, Zuocheng (56068924200); Liao, Huaijun (36935771300)
8943866200; 6602699862; 56068924200; 36935771300
Effects from the Wenchuan Earthquake and seismic hazard in the Longmenshan Mountains at the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau
(2012) Engineering Geology, 143-144, pp. 28 - 36, Cited 15 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2012.06.006
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84863667136&doi=10.1016%2Fj.enggeo.2012.06.006&partnerID=40&md5=4cc8ec88c8a5977bd484f2de309c2cc4

AFFILIATIONS: Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China; P.J. Barosh and Associates, Bristol, RI, United States; China Geological Survey, Beijing, Beijing, China; Nanjiang Geological Brigade, Chongqing, China
ABSTRACT: Effects from the disastrous Ms 8.0 Wenchuan Earthquake of May 12, 2008 show that the seismic hazard is closely related to the proximity of active faults and elevated areas of unstable rock as well as the recurrence rate of large earthquakes. Dextral-slip thrusting in the Longmenshan Mountains formed large displacement along ~. 250. km of the Central Longmenshan Fault and smaller offsets along sub-parallel faults. The distribution pattern of the major destruction has a strong northeast-southwest orientation closely related to the ruptured faults and decreases noticeably 3-5. km away from the Central Longmenshan Fault and ~. 2. km from the other faults. Thousands of landslides, rock falls and debris flows triggered by the earthquake lie chiefly adjacent to the principal fault, and smaller-scale landslides along the other faults as well as in distant areas. Some landslides formed dams whose impounded waters threatened downstream cities. Future landslides, rock falls and debris flows will result from rock loosened by the earthquake during rainy seasons or subsequent earthquakes.The Central Longmenshan Fault had maximum displacements of 4.6. m dip-slip and 6.1. m dextral-slip and the total dip and dextral-slip displacement for all faults is 5.9. m and 7.0. m, respectively. These faults apparently converge at depth and account for the crustal shortening in the region. Their displacements coupled with convergence rates determined by GPS measurements provide an estimated recurrence interval for an Ms 8.0 earthquake along the Central Longmenshan Fault of between 4600 and 6600. years and that for the entire Longmenshan Mountains between 1000 and 3000. years. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Eastern Tibetan Plateau; Longmenshan fault; Longmenshan Mountains; Seismic hazard; Sichuan Basin; Wenchuan Earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Eastern Tibetan plateau; Longmenshan fault; Longmenshan Mountains; Seismic hazards; Sichuan Basin; Wenchuan Earthquake; Debris; Earthquakes; Landforms; Landslides; Rock bursts; Faulting; active fault; crustal shortening; debris flow; dip-slip fault; displacement; earthquake recurrence; landslide; recurrence interval; rockfall; rupture; seismic hazard; Sichuan earthquake 2008; thrust; China; Longmen Mountains; Qinghai-Xizang Plateau
REFERENCES: Burchfiel, B. Clark, Tectonics of the Longmen Shan and Adjacent Regions, Central China, International Geology Review, 37, 8, pp. 661-735, (1995); 
Burchfiel, B. Clark, A geological and geophysical context for the Wenchuan earthquake of 12 May 2008, Sichuan, People's Republic of China, GSA Today, 18, 7, pp. 4-11, (2008); 
undefined, (2008); 
Chen, Zhiliang, Global Positioning System measurements from eastern Tibet and their implications for India/Eurasia intercontinental deformation, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 105, B7, pp. 16215-16227, (2000); 
Album of the Ms 8 1 Earthquake Occurred in West of Kunlun Pass China, (2003); 
Dai, Fuchu, Landslide risk assessment and management: An overview, Engineering Geology, 64, 1, pp. 65-87, (2002); 
Densmore, Alexander Logan, Active tectonics of the Beichuan and Pengguan faults at the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, Tectonics, 26, 4, (2007); 
Kirby, Eric, Late Cenozoic evolution of the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau: Inferences from 40Ar/39Ar and (U-th)/He thermochronology, Tectonics, 21, 1, pp. 1-20, (2002); 
Lee, Chyityi Tyi, Statistical approach to earthquake-induced landslide susceptibility, Engineering Geology, 100, 1-2, pp. 43-58, (2008); 
Lin, Aiming, Co-seismic strike-slip and rupture length produced by the 2001 Ms 8.1 Central Kunlun earthquake, Science, 296, 5575, pp. 2015-2017, (2002)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wang, X., Nie, G., Wang, S.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wang, Xiuying (55736957400); Nie, Gaozhong (8728895400); Wang, Song (59640945000)
55736957400; 8728895400; 59640945000
Analysis of landslide damage caused by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake using strong motion data: A case study in the Beichuan county town
(2012) Earthquake Science, 25 (4), pp. 307 - 313, Cited 1 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11589-012-0856-0
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84884541272&doi=10.1007%2Fs11589-012-0856-0&partnerID=40&md5=3cd128c408bedf5b5cba45f6e928f6d6

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Crustal Dynamics, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing, China; Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China; China Earthquake Networks Center, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: The county town of Beichuan county, China, experienced catastrophic destruction due to landslides induce by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. In consideration of the special location of the county town, this paper selected the landslides induced in the town as representative of large-scale near-rupture landslides, and quantitatively analyzed why the landslide damage was so destructive in the town by using strong motion data obtained from the Wenchuan earthquake in the Longmenshan area. Three methods were employed to estimate the landslide damage using strong motion data. (1) Peak ground accelerations (PGAs) on the hanging wall were used to evaluate the PGAs on the landslide sites in the town. The evaluated average PGAs were all greater than 1 g, indicating that the ground motion intensity was very strong during the earthquake. (2) Acceleration time histories, from another station with similar geological conditions to the town, were used to evaluate the critical acceleration changing range, and the estimated values showed the geological conditions were very susceptible to earthquakes. (3) Acceleration time histories, from two stations on the hanging and foot walls of the rupture, and near the town, were used to calculate the Newmark displacements, and all the evaluated displacements indicated that landslides were very likely. The results show that the slopes, susceptible to earthquakes in the Beichuan county town, were easily triggered under such strong ground-motion intensity and developed into large-scale catastrophic events. © 2012 The Seismological Society of China and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: critical acceleration; evaluation; landslide; strong motion; Wenchuan earthquake
REFERENCES: Arias A, MEASURE OF EARTHQUAKE INTENSITY, pp. 438-483, (1969); 
Hu, Xiewen, Analysis of blocking river mechanism of Tangjiashan landslide and dam-breaking mode of its barrier dam, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 28, 1, pp. 181-189, (2009); 
Huang, Runqiu, Research on development and distribution rules of geohazards induced by Wenchuan earthquake on 12th May, 2008, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 27, 12, pp. 2585-2592, (2008); 
Wenchuan Earthquake Journal of Institute of Disaster Prevention Science and Technology, (2009); 
Jibson, Randall W., Large rock avalanches triggered by the M 7.9 Denali Fault, Alaska, earthquake of 3 November 2002, Engineering Geology, 83, 1-3, pp. 144-160, (2006); 
Li, Xiaojun, Strong motion observations and recordings from the great Wenchuan Earthquake, Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, 7, 3, pp. 235-246, (2008); 
Proceedings of the 21st Asian Conference on Remote Sensing, (2000); 
Liu, Chuanzheng, Disasters induced by the Wenchuan earthquakes, Sichuan, China, and geo-environmental safety, Geological Bulletin of China, 27, 11, pp. 1907-1912, (2008); 
Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control, (2009); 
Wang, Xiuying, Analysis of landslide induced by Wenchuan earthquake by strong motion records, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 28, 11, pp. 2369-2376, (2009)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; BRONZE OPEN ACCESS

Gu, C., Hu, X., Luo, G., Niu, Y., Hu, H.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Gu, Chengzhuang (55359118800); Hu, Xiewen (7404709509); Luo, Gang (35275305400); Niu, Yanbo (55359202800); Hu, Hengyang (55681097100)
55359118800; 7404709509; 35275305400; 55359202800; 55681097100
Setting-out mechanism of landslide induced by earthquake
(2012) Xinan Jiaotong Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University, 47 (4), pp. 567 - 572, Cited 4 times.
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.2012.04.005
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84866290317&doi=10.3969%2Fj.issn.0258-2724.2012.04.005&partnerID=40&md5=f7b44fac0d8594c167ff3509906b4832

AFFILIATIONS: School of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Department of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: The starting mechanism of earthquake-induced landslides was investigated in order to make a further research on the complex dynamics mechanism of landslide setting out. Based on the analysis of aggregated elastic strain energy, the expression of the setting-out velocity of seismic landslides was derived with the theory of energy conversion and by considering the vertical and horizontal accelerations of an earthquake together. The research result shows that the slope failure caused by earthquake is due to the comprehensive effect of "fluctuating oscillation chain", and seismic landslides go through a process from starting to accelerating to setting-out in the whole setting-out stage. The relative difference between calculated setting-out velocities based on the above expression and the momentum transfer method is about 3% to Donghekou landslide induced by the Wenchuan earthquake.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Energy conversion rate; Fluctuating oscillation chain; Low resistance effect; Setting-out velocity; Starting velocity
INDEX KEYWORDS: Complex dynamics; Comprehensive effect; Elastic strain energy; Energy conversion rates; Horizontal acceleration; Low resistance; Research results; Slope failure; Wenchuan Earthquake; Energy conversion; Landslides; Velocity; Earthquakes
REFERENCES: Journal of Catastrophology, (2003); 
undefined, (2009); 
Journal of Xi an Engineering University, (1998); 
undefined, (1993); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (1997); 
Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, (2004); 
Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, (1983); 
undefined, (1995); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2001); 
Cheng, Qiangong, Study of complex accelerated dynamics mechanism of highspeed landslide by elastic rocky impulse and peak-residual strength drop, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 19, 2, pp. 173-176, (2000)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Hao, K.X., Kobayashi, T., Fujiwara, H.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Hao, Ken Xiansheng (33067868800); Kobayashi, Tomokazu (37065197900); Fujiwara, Hiroyuki (7403718463)
33067868800; 37065197900; 7403718463
Rapid assessment of high seismic intensity areas of the 2008 M w 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake using satellite SAR data
(2012) Seismological Research Letters, 83 (4), pp. 658 - 665, Cited 2 times.
DOI: 10.1785/0220110117
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84866392206&doi=10.1785%2F0220110117&partnerID=40&md5=76bd3e7584bf60cb08199738176386bd

AFFILIATIONS: National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; Geospatial Information Authority of Japan, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
ABSTRACT: This paper proposed the novel method of rapidly assessing highseismic-intensity areas by using satellite geodetic surveys. We recompute pixel displacements using ALOS/PALSAR data for the Wenchuan earthquake and densely distribute them across the area as profiles. Our profiles provide detailed information of areas within higher seismic intensity contours, especially for high mountainous areas for which limited information was available. Vast amounts of field investigations provide valuable supplementary information about field fault scarps, landslides, and seismic intensity contours. By analyses of displacements and seismic intensity contours, we propose a displacement-to-intensity criterion to qualitatively judge if high seismic intensity has occurred. Displacements of ≥ 1 m may correspond to areas where higher intensities has occurred (> IX), and displacements of < 1 m may relate to areas where intensity < VIII has occurred. We reveal that seismic intensity IX extended into intensity VIII areas in western mountainous regions based on the criterion. Following mega (i.e., > M <inf>w</inf> 7) inland earthquakes, ground displacements of > 1 m may indicate the possibility that the area suffers from high seismic intensities.
INDEX KEYWORDS: ALOS/PALSAR; Fault scarp; Field investigation; Geodetic survey; Ground displacement; Inland earthquakes; Limited information; Mountainous area; Mountainous regions; Pixel displacement; Rapid assessment; Satellite SAR; Seismic intensity; Supplementary information; Wenchuan Earthquake; Geodetic satellites; Earthquakes; assessment method; displacement; earthquake intensity; geodesy; mountain region; satellite data; Sichuan earthquake 2008; synthetic aperture radar
REFERENCES: Burchfiel, B. Clark, A geological and geophysical context for the Wenchuan earthquake of 12 May 2008, Sichuan, People's Republic of China, GSA Today, 18, 7, pp. 4-11, (2008); 
Bürgmann, Roland, Synthetic aperture radar interferometry to measure earth's surface topography and its deformation, Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 28, pp. 169-209, (2000); 
Seismic Intensity Distribution of the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake 2008, (2008); 
Chinese Seismic Intensity Scale, (1999); 
de Michele, Marcello D., Three-dimensional surface displacement of the 2008 May 12 Sichuan earthquake (China) derived from Synthetic Aperture Radar: Evidence for rupture on a blind thrust, Geophysical Journal International, 183, 3, pp. 1097-1103, (2010); 
Wenchuan Dizhen Zaihai Dituji, (2008); 
Fall Meet Suppl Eos Trans Agu, (2010); 
Hao, Ken Xiansheng, Coseismic surface-ruptures and crustal deformations of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake MW 7.9, China, Geophysical Research Letters, 36, 11, (2009); 
Hashimoto, Manabu, Coseismic Deformation from the 2008 Wenchuan, China, Earthquake Derived from ALOS/PALSAR Images, Tectonophysics, 491, 1-4, pp. 59-71, (2010); 
Huang, Runqiu, Analysis of the geo-hazards triggered by the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake, China, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 68, 3, pp. 363-371, (2009)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Chen, H.X., Zhang, L.M., Chang, D.S., Zhang, S.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Chen, Hongxin (55089538300); Zhang, Limin Min (58883008100); Chang, Dongsheng (36088467500); Zhang, Shuai (55092670700)
55089538300; 58883008100; 36088467500; 55092670700
Mechanisms and runout characteristics of the rainfall-triggered debris flow in Xiaojiagou in Sichuan Province, China
(2012) Natural Hazards, 62 (3), pp. 1037 - 1057, Cited 85 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11069-012-0133-5
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84862820423&doi=10.1007%2Fs11069-012-0133-5&partnerID=40&md5=8e7a77bfbb07ad8d2b765647d08b95a5

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
ABSTRACT: The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake induced a large number of landslides, and a vast amount of loose landslide materials deposited on steep hill slopes or in channels. Such loose materials can become sources of deadly debris flows once triggered by storms. On 13 August 2010, a storm swept Yingxiu and its vicinity, triggering a catastrophic debris flow with a volume of 1.17 million m3in Xiaojiagou Ravine. The debris flow buried 1,100 m of road, blocked a river and formed a debris flow barrier lake. A detailed field study was conducted to understand the initiation mechanisms and runout characteristics of this debris flow. Two types of debris flows are identified, namely hill-slope debris flow and channelized debris flow. The hill-slope debris flow was triggered in the forms of firehose effect, rilling and landsliding, whereas the channelized debris flow was triggered in the form of channel-bed failure. This debris flow was a water-rock flow since most particles were gravel, cobble or larger rocks and the fraction of silt and clay was less than 2%. Grain contact friction, pore-pressure effects and inertial grain collision were the three most important physical interactions within the debris flow. Such interactions yielded a smaller runout distance (593 m) compared with those of mud-rock flows of similar size. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flow; Field investigation; Landslide; Runout distance; Water-rock flow; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: channel; debris flow; earthquake mechanism; earthquake trigger; hillslope; landslide; rainfall; Sichuan earthquake 2008; water-rock interaction; China; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Anderson, Scott A., Analysis of rainfall-induced debris flows, Journal of Geotechcnical Engineering, 121, 7, pp. 544-552, (1995); 
Bisantino, Tiziana, Rheological characteristics of debris-flow material in South-Gargano watersheds, Natural Hazards, 54, 2, pp. 209-223, (2010); 
Methods of Test for Soils for Civil Engineering Purposes, (1990); 
Soil Slips Debris Flows and Rainstorms in the Santa Monica Mountains and Vicinity Southern California, (1975); 
Cannon, Susan H., Wildfire-related debris-flow generation through episodic progressive sediment-bulking processes, western USA, International Conference on Debris-Flow Hazards Mitigation: Mechanics, Prediction, and Assessment, Proceedings, 1, pp. 71-82, (2003); 
Chang, Dongsheng, Field testing of erodibility of two landslide dams triggered by the 12 May Wenchuan earthquake, Landslides, 8, 3, pp. 321-332, (2011); 
Debris Flow Prevent, (1983); 
Corominas, Jordi, The angle of reach as a mobility index for small and large landslides, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 33, 2, pp. 260-271, (1996); 
Chinese Debris Flow, (2000); 
Quaternary Sciences, (2003)
PUBLISHER: Kluwer Academic Publishers
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Cui, P., Lin, Y., Chen, C.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Cui, Peng (56706923500); Lin, Yongming (8869314500); Chen, Can (59846019800)
56706923500; 8869314500; 59846019800
Destruction of vegetation due to geo-hazards and its environmental impacts in the Wenchuan earthquake areas
(2012) Ecological Engineering, 44, pp. 61 - 69, Cited 137 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2012.03.012
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84860310402&doi=10.1016%2Fj.ecoleng.2012.03.012&partnerID=40&md5=3130cb7b9deaa6a23071477f4c935aca

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; College of Forestry, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
ABSTRACT: Geo-hazards induced by earthquakes have caused ecosystem degradation and vegetation destruction. Little, however, is known about the consequences of geo-hazards due to a lack of research data. We have undertaken a study in the Wenchuan earthquake-affected area of China in order to identify and characterize vegetation destruction and its consequent environmental impact. The Wenchuan earthquake on 12th May, 2008 induced numerous geo-hazards (including rock avalanches, landslides, landslide-dammed lakes and debris flows) that caused vegetation destruction up to 1249.5km 2, of which shrub comprised the largest proportional area with 338.559km 2. The vegetation coverage decreased by 4.76% in 9 severely damaged cities and counties and by 12.37% in the Subao river, Beichuan county. Rock avalanches and landslides were the most common destructive types, resulting in 98.73% of all types of geo-hazards, whereas debris flows and landslide-dammed lakes accounted for 1.27%. Vegetation destruction was distributed along both sides of rivers causing erosion, formation of debris flows and landslides. Hydrologic progress was changed and hydrological adjusting function diminished due to vegetation deterioration resulting in bare rock (infiltration reduced, runoff increased and flow concentration expedited) and deposit region (infiltration increased and runoff reduced) in catchment. Soil erosion was intensified causing increased sediment transportation of rivers, decreased storage capacities of reservoirs downstream, a significantly increased area that has suffered severe erosion and aggravated magnitude and damage capability of debris flows and landslides. Ecosystem function declined and vegetation restoration and reconstruction was difficult due to co-degradation of vegetation-soil system in the earthquake-affected areas. Finally, we summarized the challenges faced in the future for vegetation restoration and reconstruction. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Environmental impacts; Geo-hazards; Restoration and reconstruction; Vegetation destruction; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Debris flows; Ecosystem degradation; Ecosystem functions; Flow concentration; Geo-hazards; Research data; Rock avalanche; Sediment transportation; Severe erosion; Soil erosion; Storage capacity; Vegetation coverage; Vegetation destruction; Vegetation restoration; Wenchuan Earthquake; Wenchuan earthquake on 12th May , 2008; Catchments; Debris; Degradation; Earthquakes; Ecosystems; Environmental impact; Erosion; Hazards; Infiltration; Lakes; Landslides; Reservoirs (water); Restoration; Rivers; Runoff; Vegetation; catchment; ecosystem function; environmental degradation; environmental impact; hazard assessment; infiltration; landslide; magnitude; restoration ecology; rock avalanche; runoff; Sichuan earthquake 2008; soil erosion; vegetation cover; vegetation structure; Beichuan; China; Sichuan
REFERENCES: An, Liqiang, Extracting secondary disaster of Wenchuan earthquake: Application of object-oriented image-classifying technology, Journal of Natural Disasters, 20, 2, pp. 160-168, (2011); 
Bull Chin Acad Sci, (2008); 
Cui, Peng, The Wenchuan Earthquake (May 12, 2008), Sichuan Province, China, and resulting geohazards, Natural Hazards, 56, 1, pp. 19-36, (2011); 
Cui, Peng, Landslide-dammed lake at Tangjiashan, Sichuan province, China (triggered by the Wenchuan Earthquake, May 12, 2008): Risk assessment, mitigation strategy, and lessons learned, Environmental Earth Sciences, 65, 4, pp. 1055-1065, (2012); 
Cui, Peng, Characteristics and countermeasures of debris flow in Wenchuan area after the earthquake, Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 42, 5, pp. 10-19, (2010); 
Cui, Peng, The 12 May Wenchuan earthquake-induced landslide lakes: Distribution and preliminary risk evaluation, Landslides, 6, 3, pp. 209-223, (2009); 
J Southwest Univ Nationalities Humanities Social Sci, (2009); 
Di, Baofeng, Quantifying the spatial distribution of soil mass wasting processes after the 2008 earthquake in Wenchuan, China. A case study of the Longmenshan area, Remote Sensing of Environment, 114, 4, pp. 761-771, (2010); 
Journal of Remote Sensing, (2008); 
Report of Thematic Evaluation on Forest Loss in Wenchuan Earthquake, (2008)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Li, Y.Q., Jing, L.P., Liang, H., Liu, C., Zou, Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Li, Yongqiang (57222595350); Jing, Liping (8688356600); Liang, Hai'an (36108554400); Liu, Chunhui (55046883000); Zou, Yan (55236608600)
57222595350; 8688356600; 36108554400; 55046883000; 55236608600
Three-dimensional elastic-plastic dynamic interaction of earth dam and intermountain basin
(2012) Applied Mechanics and Materials, 166-169, pp. 2383 - 2390, Cited 2 times.
DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.166-169.2383
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84861744397&doi=10.4028%2Fwww.scientific.net%2FAMM.166-169.2383&partnerID=40&md5=1850878ca8c3be44bc73d0d0e7572a49

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Engineering Mechanics, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: A new method that based on an interface program and secondary development of the analysis software FLAC3D was used to present the elastic-plastic dynamic interaction of earth dam and intermountain basin in 3D. By this method, we developed a complex 3D numerical model for a typical earth dam which was damaged seriously in the Wenchuan earthquake, along with its surrounding sites, considering the pore water pressure and the hysteretic damping of the soils, inputting the revised ground motion obtained from the station near the dam. The simulation reappeared the dam disaster process, gave the spatial and temporal distribution of PGA (peak ground acceleration) and residual deformation and the ratio of vertical and horizontal PGA. Our data demonstrate the mechanisms of the landslides, collapses and cracks on the earth dams. The present work shows that the existence of the dam has a significant influence on the distribution of ground motion in the intermountain basin. © (2012) Trans Tech Publications.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Earth dam; Ground motion; Intermountain basin; Seismic response analysis; Spatial and temporal distribution; Three dimensional model
INDEX KEYWORDS: Earth dam; Ground motions; Intermountain basins; Seismic response analysis; Spatial and temporal distribution; Three-dimensional model; Building materials; Civil engineering; Cofferdams; Earthquakes; Elastoplasticity; Embankment dams; Hydraulic structures; Programmed control systems; Three dimensional
REFERENCES: Anderson, John G., Strong ground motion from the Michoacan, Mexico, earthquake, Science, 233, 4768, pp. 1043-1049, (1986); 
Gelí, Louis, The effect of topography on earthquake ground motion: a review and new results., Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 78, 1, pp. 42-63, (1988); 
Aki, Keiiti, Local site effects on weak and strong ground motion, Tectonophysics, 218, 1-3, pp. 93-111, (1993); 
Trifunac, Mihailo D., Scattering of plane sh waves by a semi‐cylindrical canyon, Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 1, 3, pp. 267-281, (1972); 
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, (1974); 
Todorovska, Maria I., Surface motion of shallow circular alluvial valleys for incident plane SH waves-analytical solution, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 10, 4, pp. 192-200, (1991); 
Bull Seismol Soc Am, (1982); 
Nguyen, Khoa Van, Evaluation of seismic ground motion induced by topographic irregularity, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 27, 2, pp. 183-188, (2007); 
Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, (1981); 
Che, Wei, Seismic wave propagation in complex topography, Yantu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 30, 9, pp. 1333-1337, (2008)
CONFERENCE NAME: 2nd International Conference on Civil Engineering, Architecture and Building Materials, CEABM 2012
CONFERENCE DATE: 2012-05-25 through 2012-05-27
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Han, M., Fan, X.-Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Han, Meng (55000781200); Fan, Xiaoyi (36668557800)
55000781200; 36668557800
The evaluation of lithology affects on Wenchuan seismic landslides
(2012) Applied Mechanics and Materials, 166-169, pp. 2483 - 2489, Cited 2 times.
DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.166-169.2483
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84861737295&doi=10.4028%2Fwww.scientific.net%2FAMM.166-169.2483&partnerID=40&md5=a88dab31f4a1411724ad9962b92ccf13

AFFILIATIONS: Zibo Vocational College, Zibo, Shandong, China; School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: The landslides caused serious casualties and property losses in Wenchuan earthquake, China. According to the survey data of the landslides, the landslide lithology, contribution rate of lithology, height difference and volume of the landslides were studied. The results indicated that the 13 lithologies had the larger relationship with seismic landslide development. In these lithologies, The Phyllite (Ph) had the greatest contribution rate on the landslide number, landslide area and landslide volume. The Stone soil (Ss) had the largest volume of landslide on unit landslide area. Metamorphic sandstone (Ms), Gravelly soil (Gs), Sandstone (Sa), Phyllite (Ph), Limestone (Li) had the greater combined effects on the landslide development. © (2012) Trans Tech Publications.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Contribution rate; Effect evaluation; Lithology; Seismic landslide
INDEX KEYWORDS: Combined effect; Contribution rate; Effect evaluation; Gravelly soils; Phyllite; Property loss; Survey data; Wenchuan Earthquake; Building materials; Civil engineering; Earthquakes; Lithology; Sandstone; Landslides
REFERENCES: Chinese Water Transport, (2007); 
Al-Homoud, Azm S., A classification system for the assessment of slope stability of terrains along highway routes in Jordan, Environmental Geology, 34, 1, pp. 59-69, (1998); 
Dai, Fuchu, Assessment of landslide susceptibility on the natural terrain of Lantau Island, Hong Kong, Environmental Geology, 40, 3, pp. 381-391, (2001); 
Qiao, Jianping, Contribution rate research of stratum to landslide growth of Yunyang-Wushan segment in Three Gorges reservoir region, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 23, 17, pp. 2920-2924, (2004); 
Yao, Xin, Contribution of strata lithology and slope gradient to landslides triggered by Wenchuan Ms 8 earthquake, Sichuan, Geological Bulletin of China, 28, 8, pp. 1156-1162, (2009); 
Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control, (2005)
CONFERENCE NAME: 2nd International Conference on Civil Engineering, Architecture and Building Materials, CEABM 2012
CONFERENCE DATE: 2012-05-25 through 2012-05-27
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Chen, X.-Z., You, Y., Liu, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Chen, Xingzhang (25623240400); You, Yong (35811595800); Liu, Jinfeng (59454532200)
25623240400; 35811595800; 59454532200
Potential debris flow gully and its discrimination - A case study in Wenchuan earthquake hit areas
(2012) Advanced Materials Research, 518-523, pp. 4620 - 4625, Cited 1 times.
DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.518-523.4620
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84861697731&doi=10.4028%2Fwww.scientific.net%2FAMR.518-523.4620&partnerID=40&md5=cf91254551cfc75eeb7502f654148bac

AFFILIATIONS: School of Environment and Resource, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: In this paper, we firstly defined the potential debris flow gully. And then using the data of different gullies in Wenchuan earthquake hit areas, we built a discrimination model of potential debris flow gully by Fisher Linear Discrimination Analysis method. Finally, the model was used to discriminate the gullies in Jinxihe catchment, in Anxian County. Potential debris flow gully is a kind of special gully which is in a special evolution phase of the gully when the gully has the happening possibilities of debris flow but no debris flow records. Because potential debris flow can often pose more serious disasters, discrimination of potential debris flow gully is important for disaster prevention and mitigation. To build discrimination model of potential debris flow gully, a database of different gullies in quake-hit areas was established and six discrimination indices were selected based on cause analysis of debris flow. Using the database and the six discrimination indices, we built the discrimination model by Fisher Linear Discrimination Analysis method. The discrimination model was used to discriminate the gullies in Jinxihe catchment. Discrimination results showed that the discrimination model was effective and feasible in discriminating potential debris flow gullies, but it still needs further revised and perfected. © (2012) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Anxian county; Discrimination model; Fisher linear discrimination analysis method; Potential debris flow gully; The Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Anxian county; Debris flows; Discrimination model; Fisher Linear Discrimination; Wenchuan Earthquake; Catchments; Disaster prevention; Earthquakes; Face recognition; Runoff; Debris
REFERENCES: Staroszczyk, Ryszard, The dynamics of avalanches of granular materials from initiation to runout. Part II. Experiments, Acta Mechanica, 109, 1-4, pp. 127-165, (1995); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2008); 
Huang, Runqiu, Research on development and distribution rules of geohazards induced by Wenchuan earthquake on 12th May, 2008, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 27, 12, pp. 2585-2592, (2008); 
Wang, Tao, Fault activity of the Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan, China and seismic secondary geohazards, Geological Bulletin of China, 27, 11, pp. 1913-1922, (2008); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2008); 
Earth Science Frontiers, (2008); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2008); 
Proceedings of the 2nd National Conference on Debris Flow, (1991); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2002); 
Li, Yong, A probabilistic view of debris flow, Journal of Mountain Science, 5, 2, pp. 91-97, (2008)
CONFERENCE NAME: 1st International Conference on Energy and Environmental Protection, ICEEP 2012
CONFERENCE DATE: 2012-06-23 through 2012-06-24
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Yang, Z., Qiao, J., Tian, H., Huang, D., Wang, M., Meng, H.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Yang, Zongji (24485723300); Qiao, Jianping (24485090400); Tian, Hongling (14520009600); Huang, Dong (36664555400); Wang, Meng (25927651000); Meng, H. (57207147157)
24485723300; 24485090400; 14520009600; 36664555400; 25927651000; 57207147157
A real-time prediction method for regional rainfall-induced geo-hazards in post-earthquake region of wenchuan earthquake
(2012) Geotechnical Engineering, 43 (2), pp. 29 - 32, Cited 0 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84887036833&partnerID=40&md5=8faa0a4afb182195bbd937fa1847ed6b

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: After years of the Wenchuan earthquake took place in 12 May, 2008, rainfall has been the most major triggering factor of geohazards in the earthquake stricken areas. As a random event, geohazards including landslides and debris flows occurrence are affected by environmental factors and triggering factors, as a result the hazard degree should be a variational value varying from the regional random precipitation triggering factor and regional geohazards susceptibility assessment environmental factors. According to geohazards mechanism, the probability based method of assessing the variational hazard degree of regional geohazards is proposed by the combination of probability of daily precipitation and susceptibility assessment. The prediction model is established by the analysis of geology and hydrology factors of the study area, which is incorporating with the analysis of geohazards occurrence data and the corresponding precipitation data. Then, the method is applied in earthquake region of Chengdu City, 8 km away from the epicenter of Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan province. The validity of the prediction method is verified by evaluating the hazard degree of regional geohazards in Chengdu city on September, 24, 2008 and July, 17, 2009. It is found that the occurrence location and occurrence time of the two geohazards from prediction coincide with those from measurement. As a result, this variational hazard degree assessment model for regional geohazards demonstrates a useful application of a new predictive method and provides a basis for the prediction of time and space of regional Rainfall-induced geohazards.
INDEX KEYWORDS: Daily precipitations; Environmental factors; Hazard degree assessment; Precipitation data; Predictive methods; Real-time prediction; Triggering factors; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes; Forecasting; Rain; Hazards; debris flow; earthquake epicenter; earthquake prediction; earthquake trigger; environmental factor; hazard assessment; landslide; probability; rainfall; real time; Sichuan earthquake 2008; Chengdu; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Au, S. W.C., Rain-induced slope instability in Hong Kong, Engineering Geology, 51, 1, pp. 1-36, (1998); 
Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Landslides, (1984); 
Dai, Fuchu, Frequency-volume relation and prediction of rainfall-induced landslides, Engineering Geology, 59, 3-4, pp. 253-266, (2001); 
Ding, Jixin, New method of predicting rainfall-induced landslides, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 23, 21, pp. 3738-3743, (2004); 
Qiao, Jianping, Contribution rate research of stratum to landslide growth of Yunyang-Wushan segment in Three Gorges reservoir region, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 23, 17, pp. 2920-2924, (2004); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2009); 
Natural Hazards, (1984); 
Wang, Meng, GIS-based earthquake-triggered landslide hazard zoning using contributing weight model, Journal of Mountain Science, 7, 4, pp. 339-352, (2010); 
Yang, Zongji, Study on rainfall-induced regional geohazards prediction following Wenchuan Earthquake, Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 42, SUPPL. 1, pp. 38-42, (2010); 
Yang, Zongji, Regional landslide zonation based on entropy method in three gorges area, China, 3, pp. 1336-1339, (2010)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Fan, X.-Y., Zhang, Y.-Y., Yang, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Fan, Xiaoyi (36668557800); Zhang, Youyi (37041038400); Yang, Jianrong (55293185400)
36668557800; 37041038400; 55293185400
Multifractal of terrain profiles of seismic landslides and its application to stability assessment
(2012) Journal of Natural Disasters, 21 (3), pp. 144 - 149, Cited 2 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84867074559&partnerID=40&md5=997d84e56bf473b12d4bef5a1a81e74a

AFFILIATIONS: School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, China; Sichuan Institute of Geological Engineering Investigation, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: A mass of landslides and instable slopes was induced in "5.12" Wenchuan earthquake. The stability of the landslides and instable slopes would influence the development of society and economy and reconstruction in the affected area of the earthquake. The different stability states of the seismic landslides determine the different evolventent characteristics of the terrain profiles and the terrain profile traces directly reflect the evolvement process and mechanism of slopes in the seismic excitation. Based on the measured terrain profile traces of landslides induced by the Wenchuan earthquake, the distributive characters of terrain profile traces of the relative stable landslides and landslides in slow sliding and instable phases, and their multifractal dimension evolution characters were studied. Results show that the evolvement of multifractal dimensions of relative stable landslides has evident orders, and landslides in slow sliding and instable phases have obvious characteristic inflexions.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Multifratal; Seismic landslide; Stability assessment; Terrain profiles
INDEX KEYWORDS: landslide; seismicity; Sichuan earthquake 2008; slope stability; stability analysis; terrain
REFERENCES: Xie, Heping, Wenchuan large earthquake and post-earthquake reconstruction-related geotechnical problems, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 27, 9, pp. 1781-1791, (2008); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2008); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2008); 
Guzzetti, Fausto, Landslide fatalities and the evaluation of landslide risk in Italy, Engineering Geology, 58, 2, pp. 89-107, (2000); 
Alexander, David E., Housing crisis after natural disaster: the aftermath of the November 1980 southern Italian earthquake, Geoforum, 15, 4, pp. 489-516, (1984); 
Theory and Practice of Landslide Alleviating Disaster M, (1997); 
Acta Geoscientica Sinica, (2005); 
Earth Science Journal of China University of Geosciences, (2000); 
Fractal Geometry M, (1998); 
Mandelbrot, Benoît B., Multifractal measures, especially for the geophysicist, Pure and Applied Geophysics, 131, 1-2, pp. 5-42, (1989)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wang, Y., Cheng, Q., Zhu, Q.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wang, Yufeng (36665289000); Cheng, Qiangong (7202918113); Zhu, Qi (55361036200)
36665289000; 7202918113; 55361036200
Inverse grading analysis of deposit from rock avalanches triggered by Wenchuan earthquake
(2012) Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 31 (6), pp. 1089 - 1106, Cited 67 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84866394533&partnerID=40&md5=a725d32a2c2e0889eb136e429e24918e

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Geological Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: The Wenchuan earthquake, which occurred in Sichuan Province, triggered several thousand landslides. For the study of rock avalanche kinematics, the Xiejiadianzi rock avalanche, Niujuangou rock avalanche and Wenjiagou rock avalanche were described to show the geological characteristics of rock avalanches along their sliding paths. According to field investigation, the vertical sorting on the path of rock avalanches is presented; firstly, which is divided into five parts from top to bottom, and named as: the air-blast zone, the leap and air-launch zone of debris, the sliding and deposit zone of debris, the sliping zone, and the original underlying accumulation zone respectively. Then, based on the description of the vertical sorting, the grain-size distribution of the sliding and deposit zones of debris is analyzed by combining an area-by-area technique and sieve analysis, which presents a gradual increase in grain size with height above the base cut quantitatively, proving the existence of inverse grading. This unique inner structure is an important geological evidence for the study of rock avalanche kinematics, which can shed light on the mechanism of their rapid motion. Finally, according to lots of field investigation and test results, one conclusion is proposed that: the kinematic sieving process energized by undulated sliding surface, the dynamic fragmentation process triggered by particle collisions, and their coupling process are the main reasons for the formation of inverse grading; and based on the process of landslide kinematics and dynamics, the above energy sources and transformation processes are described.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Area sampling technique; Dynamic fragmentation; Grain-size analysis; Inverse grading; Kinematic sieving; Rock avalanches; Sieve analysis; Slope engineering
INDEX KEYWORDS: Area sampling; Dynamic fragmentation; Grain-size analysis; Rock avalanche; Sieve analysis; Slope engineering; Debris; Deposits; Earthquakes; Grading; Kinematics; Landslides; Sieves; Slope protection; Rocks
REFERENCES: Active Faults and Earthquakes in Sichuan Province, (1993); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2009); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2008); 
Large Scale Landslides Induced by the Wenchuan Earthquake, (2009); 
Cruden, David M., The debris of the Frank Slide and theories of rockslide-avalanche mobility., Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 23, 3, pp. 425-432, (1986); 
Landslides and Human Lives, (1932); 
Di Luzio, Emiliano, Massive rock-slope failure in the Central Apennines (Italy): The case of the Campo di Giove rock avalanche, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 63, 1, pp. 1-12, (2004); 
Strom, Alexander L., Rock avalanches of the Ardon River valley at the southern foot of the Rocky Range, Northern Caucasus, North Osetia, Landslides, 1, 3, pp. 237-241, (2004); 
Landslides from Massive Rock Slope Failure, (2006); 
Boultbee, Nichole L., The Zymoetz River rock avalanche, June 2002, British Columbia, Canada, Engineering Geology, 83, 1-3, pp. 76-93, (2006)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Xu, G.-X., Yao, L.-K., Li, C.-H., Wang, X.-F.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Xu, Guangxing (55781867300); Yao, Lingkan (7201688064); Li, Chaohong (35812310600); Wang, Xiaofang (57214251318)
55781867300; 7201688064; 35812310600; 57214251318
Predictive models for permanent displacement of slopes based on recorded strong-motion data of Wenchuan Earthquake
(2012) Yantu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 34 (6), pp. 1131 - 1136, Cited 36 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84865299177&partnerID=40&md5=020c3e1c0d5b48b73af0e98186485fbd

AFFILIATIONS: Hebei Engineering Research Center for Traffic Emergency and Guarantee, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China; School of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: The permanent displacement induced by earthquakes can be regarded as an effective criterion for the stability estimation and anti-seismic design of slopes. Based on a large number of strong-motion records from Wenchun Earthquake, three kinds of regression models for predicting the permanent displacement in terms of (1) the critical acceleration ratio, (2) the Arias intensity and the critical acceleration ratio, and (3) the residual seismic intensity are established. Their validities are examined by the displacements converted from the measured ones of reinforced slopes by means of the energy method. These equations are well constrained and fit the data well, among which the equation in terms of the residual seismic intensity fits best, indicating that the permanent displacement has a close relationship with the residual seismic intensity. The model in terms of the critical acceleration ratio is brief but practical, and that in terms of the Arias intensity has a low value of R2 and prediction precision. The results show that the models developed based on strong-motion records have zone dependence because of the site effect of stations. The proposed models can be used to generate a regional-scale seismic landslide hazard map, to provide the assessment of landslide distribution after earthquakes, and to accelerate preliminary screen of specific sites.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Energy method; Newmark's method; Permanent displacement; Predictive model; Slope; Wenchuan Earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Energy method; Newmark's method; Permanent displacements; Predictive models; Slope; Wenchuan Earthquake; Landslides; Regression analysis; Seismic design; Earthquakes
REFERENCES: Newmark, Nathan M., Effects of earthquakes on dams and embankments, Geotechnique, 15, 2, pp. 139-160, (1965); 
J Soil Mech Found Div, (1967); 
Makdisi, Faiz I., SIMPLIFIED PROCEDURE FOR ESTIMATING DAM AND EMBANKMENT EARTHQUAKE-INDUCED DEFORMATIONS, Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, ASCE, 104, 7, pp. 849-867, (1978); 
Map Showing Slope Stability During Earthquakes in San Mateo County California, (1985); 
Miles, Scott B., Rigorous landslide hazard zonation using Newmark's method and stochastic ground motion simulation, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 18, 4, pp. 305-323, (1999); 
Jibson, Randall W., A method for producing digital probabilistic seismic landslide hazard maps, Engineering Geology, 58, 3-4, pp. 271-289, (2000); 
Del Gaudio, Vincenzo, An approach to time-probabilistic evaluation of seismically induced landslide hazard, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 93, 2, pp. 557-569, (2003); 
Ambraseys, Nicholas N., Earthquake‐induced ground displacements, Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 16, 7, pp. 985-1006, (1988); 
Jibson, Randall W., Analysis of the seismic origin of landslides: examples from the New Madrid seismic zone, Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 105, 4, pp. 521-536, (1993); 
Jibson, Randall W., Regression models for estimating coseismic landslide displacement, Engineering Geology, 91, 2-4, pp. 209-218, (2007)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Xiang, L., Cui, P., Zhong, D., Ge, Y., Zhu, X., Yang, W.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Xiang, Lingzhi (36195988600); Cui, Peng (56706923500); Zhong, Dunlun (18435663500); Ge, Yonggang (26039083000); Zhu, Xinghua (55696606100); Yang, Wei (57198594507)
36195988600; 56706923500; 18435663500; 26039083000; 55696606100; 57198594507
Quantitative hazard assessment of road debris flow in Wenchuan earthquake area: A case study of Xiaojia ravine in Wenchuan county
(2012) Xinan Jiaotong Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University, 47 (3), pp. 387 - 393, Cited 7 times.
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.2012.03.006
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84864551871&doi=10.3969%2Fj.issn.0258-2724.2012.03.006&partnerID=40&md5=c0b6c295215dcb7e7dc91dc11d4dc523

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: A quantitative assessment method of debris flow hazard to roads in Wenchuan earthquake areas was established based on the case study of Xiaojia ravine to assess serious debris flow disasters happening frequently in 3 years after the Wenchuan earthquake. The environmental and geology background and the basic parameters such as the area and gradient of Xiaojia ravine were anglicized through a field investigation and using the RS and GIS technologies. The total amount of once debris flow process calculated by the rain-storm and flood method and the method of completing the square was taken as the pile quantities. Pile scope parameters, including average pile thickness, length and width, were estimated by a regression expression derived from field investigation data. Then the damage degree of debris flow to the roads beside Yuzi river was calculated quantitatively by the geometric generalization method. The research shows that the total amount of once debris flow process is 41×10 4 m 3 under rainfall that occurs once every 50 years, the roads will be completely buried and the river blocked by the debris flow. The above results are basically coincident with the actual hazard situation.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Blocking river; Debris flow; Hazard; Road; Xiaojia ravine
INDEX KEYWORDS: Basic parameters; Damage degrees; Debris flow hazards; Debris flows; Field investigation; Hazard Assessment; Quantitative assessments; Regression expressions; Road; RS and GIS; Wenchuan Earthquake; Xiaojia ravine; Debris; Earthquakes; Environmental technology; Hazards; Rain; Research; Rivers; Roads and streets; Piles
REFERENCES: Journal of Mountain Science, (2008); 
Journal of Railway Engineering Society, (2001); 
Highway, (2003); 
Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong University, (2004); 
Mountain Journal, (2004); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2003); 
He, Yiping, Debris flows along the China-Nepal Highway, Dili Xuebao/Acta Geographica Sinica, 57, 3, pp. 275-283, (2002); 
Michael-Leiba, Marion O., Regional landslide risk to the Cairns community, Natural Hazards, 30, 2, pp. 233-249, (2003); 
Cruz, Ana María, Methodology for preliminary assessment of Natech risk in urban areas, Natural Hazards, 46, 2, pp. 199-220, (2008); 
Arksey, Ron, Example of a debris-flow risk analysis from Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada, Landslides, 5, 1, pp. 121-126, (2008)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Huang, Y., Zhang, W., Xu, Q., Xie, P., Hao, L.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Huang, Yu (57204857931); Zhang, Weijie (56230316400); Xu, Qiang (56506033600); Xie, Pan (35222599200); Hao, Liang (23097496000)
57204857931; 56230316400; 56506033600; 35222599200; 23097496000
Run-out analysis of flow-like landslides triggered by the Ms 8.0 2008 Wenchuan earthquake using smoothed particle hydrodynamics
(2012) Landslides, 9 (2), pp. 275 - 283, Cited 211 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s10346-011-0285-5
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84863537037&doi=10.1007%2Fs10346-011-0285-5&partnerID=40&md5=4664e5548daaba994178654608a4f1cd

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Engineering, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China; Department of Geotechnical Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: Flow-like landslides have caused significant damage and casualties worldwide. However, studying such phenomena with traditional simulation methods is made difficult by their complex fluidization characteristics. In this paper, we use smoothed-particle hydrodynamics (SPH) for the run-out analysis of flow-like landslides. Compared with conventional methods, the proposed SPH modeling technique is the combination of a Bingham flow model and Navier-Stokes equations in the framework of computational fluid dynamics. At first, two benchmark problems of dam break and granular flow are simulated and verified to evaluate the accuracy of the SPH model. Then, run-out analyses are performed for flow-like landslides triggered by the Ms 8. 0 Wenchuan earthquake that occurred on 12 May 2008 in Sichuan Province, China. Run-out analyses of the Tangjiashan, Wangjiayan, and Donghekou landslides are conducted by the application of SPH models to real flow-like landslides. All simulations show good agreement with characteristics of flow-like landslides observed in the field. We have found that numerical modeling can capture the fundamental dynamic behavior of these flow-like landslides and produce preliminary results for hazard assessment and site selection for reconstruction in earthquake-prone areas. © 2011 Springer-Verlag.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Flow-like landslides; Hazard assessment; Run-out analysis; Smoothed-particle hydrodynamics; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Bench-mark problems; Bingham flow; Conventional methods; Dam-breaks; Dynamic behaviors; Fluidization characteristics; Granular flows; Hazard Assessment; Modeling technique; Run-out analysis; Sichuan province; Simulation methods; Smoothed particle hydrodynamics; Wenchuan Earthquake; Computational fluid dynamics; Computer simulation; Earthquakes; Fluidization; Landslides; Navier Stokes equations; Site selection; Hydrodynamics; fluidization; hazard assessment; hydrodynamics; landslide; Navier-Stokes equations; numerical model; particulate matter; Sichuan earthquake 2008
REFERENCES: Bui, Ha H., Lagrangian meshfree particles method (SPH) for large deformation and failure flows of geomaterial using elastic-plastic soil constitutive model, International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, 32, 12, pp. 1537-1570, (2008); 
Cui, Peng, The 12 May Wenchuan earthquake-induced landslide lakes: Distribution and preliminary risk evaluation, Landslides, 6, 3, pp. 209-223, (2009); 
Devoli, Graziella, Statistical analysis of landslide events in Central America and their run-out distance, Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, 27, 1, pp. 23-42, (2009); 
Duncan, James Michael, State of the art: Limit equilibrium and finite-element analysis of slopes, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering - ASCE, 122, 7, pp. 577-596, (1996); 
Hadush, S., Importance of viscous fluid characteristics in liquefaction induced lateral spreading analysis, Computers and Geotechnics, 27, 3, pp. 199-224, (2000); 
Hu, Xiewen, Analysis of blocking river mechanism of Tangjiashan landslide and dam-breaking mode of its barrier dam, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 28, 1, pp. 181-189, (2009); 
Huang, Runqiu, Analysis of the geo-hazards triggered by the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake, China, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 68, 3, pp. 363-371, (2009); 
Hungr, Oldrich, A review of the classification of landslides of the flow type, Environmental and Engineering Geoscience, 7, 3, pp. 221-238, (2001); 
Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics A Meshfree Particle Method, (2003); 
Astron J, (1977)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Huang, Y., Chen, W., Liu, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Huang, Yu (57204857931); Chen, Wei (36636946700); Liu, Jinyuan (57196293222)
57204857931; 36636946700; 57196293222
Secondary geological hazard analysis in Beichuan after the Wenchuan earthquake and recommendations for reconstruction
(2012) Environmental Earth Sciences, 66 (4), pp. 1001 - 1009, Cited 39 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s12665-010-0612-5
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84861781651&doi=10.1007%2Fs12665-010-0612-5&partnerID=40&md5=6949df930a70097ff633cec155e8b30d

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Geotechnical Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Engineering, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China; Department of Civil Engineering, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON, Canada
ABSTRACT: The Wenchuan earthquake, also known as 2008 Sichuan Earthquake, occurred along the Longmenshan fault zone on 12 May 2008 at 14:28:01. 42 CST (06:28:01. 42 UTC). It caused serious damage to structures in the region. Beichuan is a town which is within these severely damaged areas. According to the earthquake intensity distribution map of 2008 Wenchuan earthquake officially released by the China Earthquake Administration, the earthquake intensity in Beichuan was XI on the China seismic intensity scale. As the earthquake occurred in a mountainous area, there were thousands of landslides, rockfalls, debris flows, and surface ruptures triggered by the earthquake over a broad area. These secondary geological hazards substantially increased the human, social and economic impact of the earthquake. This paper presents a post-earthquake analysis on the secondary geological hazards in Beichuan. The risk analyses associated with construction of the National Earthquake Memorial Museum in Beichuan are assessed and recommendations on risk mitigations for the mass reconstruction over the ruins are also provided based on this field study. © 2010 Springer-Verlag.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Beichuan County; Geological hazards; Post-earthquake reconstruction; Risk assessment; Town planning; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Beichuan County; Damaged area; Debris flows; Earthquake intensity; Economic impacts; Field studies; Geological hazards; Longmenshan fault zone; Mountainous area; Risk mitigation; Rockfalls; Seismic intensity; Sichuan; Surface ruptures; Town planning; Wenchuan Earthquake; Debris; Risk assessment; Rock bursts; Earthquakes; earthquake damage; earthquake rupture; fault zone; hazard assessment; landslide; mountain region; reconstruction; risk assessment; rockfall; Sichuan earthquake 2008; socioeconomic impact; structural analysis; town planning; Beichuan; China; Longmen Mountains
REFERENCES: Analysis of the Cause of the M8 0 Wenchuan Earthquake, (2008); 
Distributions and Statistics of Aftershocks of the M8 0 Wenchuan Earthquake, (2008); 
Seismic Intensity Map of the M8 0 Wenchuan Earthquake, (2008); 
Technical Guidelines for Investigation of Urban Rural Planning and Siting in Strong Earthquake Mountainous Regions, (2008); 
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences, (2008); 
Cui, Peng, The Wenchuan Earthquake (May 12, 2008), Sichuan Province, China, and resulting geohazards, Natural Hazards, 56, 1, pp. 19-36, (2011); 
Cui, Peng, Distribution and risk analysis of dammed lakes reduced by Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 41, 3, pp. 35-42, (2009); 
Deng, Zhihui, Complicated phenomena of the Beichuan-Yingxiu surface fracture zone during Wenchuan Ms8.0 earthquake in Sichuan Province, China, Chinese Science Bulletin, 53, 24, pp. 3891-3896, (2008); 
Densmore, Alexander Logan, Active tectonics of the Beichuan and Pengguan faults at the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, Tectonics, 26, 4, (2007); 
Fu, Bihong, Geometry and kinematics of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake surface ruptures around the Qushan Town of Beichuan County, Sichuan: Implications for mitigation of seismic and geologic disasters, Acta Geophysica Sinica, 52, 2, pp. 485-495, (2009)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Xu, Q., Zhang, S., Li, W.L., van Asch, Th.W.J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Xu, Qiang (56506033600); Zhang, Shuai (55092670700); Li, Weile (25936551300); van Asch, Theodore W.J. (6701661708)
56506033600; 55092670700; 25936551300; 6701661708
The 13 August 2010 catastrophic debris flows after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, China
(2012) Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 12 (1), pp. 201 - 216, Cited 157 times.
DOI: 10.5194/nhess-12-201-2012
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84861567942&doi=10.5194%2Fnhess-12-201-2012&partnerID=40&md5=375624de2b47de0e3ebdca41c52ea50a

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Physical Geography, Universiteit Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
ABSTRACT: From 12 to 14 August 2010, heavy rainstorms occurred in the Sichuan province in SW China in areas which were affected by the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake, inducing catastrophic debris flows. This disaster is named as "the 8.13 debris flows". The results of the research presented in this paper show that the 8.13 debris flows are characterized by a simultaneous occurrence, rapid-onsets, destructive impacts, and disaster chain effects. They are located along the seismic fault, because the source materials mainly originate from loose deposits of landslides which were triggered by the Wenchuan Earthquake. The presence of large amounts of these loose materials on the slopes and the development of high intensity rainfall events are the main causes for the formation of these debris flows. The study of the 8.13 debris flows can provide a benchmark for the analysis of the long-term evolution of these debris flows in order to make proper engineering decisions. A flexible drainage system is proposed in this paper as a preventive measure to mitigate the increasing activity of these debris flows in the earthquake-affected area. © 2012 Author(s). CC Attribution 3.0 License.
INDEX KEYWORDS: catastrophic event; debris flow; drainage; earthquake trigger; fault; landslide; rainfall; rainstorm; Sichuan earthquake 2008; slope dynamics; China; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Annu Dis Prevent Res Inst Kyoto Univ, (1983); 
Proc Int Conf Fast Slope Movements Prediction and Prevention for Risk Mitigation, (2003); 
Berti, Matteo, Field observations of a debris flow event in the Dolomites, Geomorphology, 29, 3-4, pp. 265-274, (1999); 
China S Ministry of Land and Resources Specification of Geological Investigation for Debris Flow Stabilization, (2006); 
U S Geological Survey Professional Paper, (1975); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2008); 
Fryxell, F. M., Alpine mudflows in Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming, Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 54, 3, pp. 457-472, (1943); 
Gregoretti, Carlo, The triggering of debris flow due to channel-bed failure in some alpine headwater basins of the Dolomites: Analyses of critical runoff, Hydrological Processes, 22, 13, pp. 2248-2263, (2008); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2011); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2009)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS; GREEN ACCEPTED OPEN ACCESS; GREEN OPEN ACCESS

Fayou, F., Kong, J., Ni, Z.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Fayou, A. (36607707800); Kong, Jiming (55793897000); Ni, Zhenqiang (36976028800)
36607707800; 55793897000; 36976028800
Deformation and failuer model test of moderate-slow dip excavation bedding slope under action of seismic load
(2012) Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 31 (SUPPL.1), pp. 3437 - 3443, Cited 1 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84865393684&partnerID=40&md5=643589d3a6f0b01f351df01b32440aaa

AFFILIATIONS: Faculty of Land Resource Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: In the Wenchuan earthquake disaster area, moderate-slow dip bedding slope is a kind of slope that seismic mountain disaster is very developing and the slope earthquake disaster is often exacerbated by the excavation. According to the survey, integral sliding is the main deformation and destruction form of moderate- slow dip bedding slope. In order to reproduce the process and analysis regularity of slope deformation and failure under the action of seismic load, Magunyan landslide located in Beichuan County is chosen as the typical example of moderate-slow dip excavation damage bedding slope; and the indoor physical model test of slope deformation and failure under the action of seismic load are carried out. The results show that slope deformation and failure under the action of seismic load is intensified by the excavation. Integral sliding is the main form of deformation and failure;and the results are consistent with field investigation. From the whole process of deformation and failure of bedding slope, the slope can be divided into the three stages: (1) Initial phase of the earthquake. The slope gradually breakthrough and slightly cuts out along the discontinuous bedding plane induced by excavation, and large cracks appear at the top of excavation slope. (2) Shallow landslides phase at top of excavation slope; (3) Integral sliding phase.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Deformation and failure; Excavation; Model test; Moderate-slow dip bedding slope; Seismic load; Slope engineering
INDEX KEYWORDS: Bedding planes; Bedding slope; Earthquake disaster; Excavation slope; Field investigation; Model tests; Physical model test; Seismic load; Shallow landslide; Slope deformation; Slope engineering; Wenchuan Earthquake; Whole process; Deformation; Excavation; Landslides; Slope protection; Earthquakes
REFERENCES: Li, Anhong, Failure modes of bedding rock cutting slope and design countermeasures, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 28, SUPPL. 1, pp. 2915-2921, (2009); 
Journal of Geological Hazards and Environment Preservation, (1995); 
Mountain Research, (1998); 
Railway Engineering, (2010); 
Bai, Yunfeng, Development environment and distribution characteristics of bedding plane landslides, Journal of Natural Disasters, 13, 3, pp. 39-43, (2004); 
Building Science Research of Sichuan, (2005); 
Western China Communication Science and Technology, (2009); 
Feng, Jun, Physical modeling research on relaxation region of consequent rock slope induced by road cutting, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 24, 5, pp. 840-845, (2005); 
Sun, Shuwei, Study on disturbed zone of cutting bedding high rock slope, Yantu Lixue/Rock and Soil Mechanics, 29, 6, pp. 1665-1668, (2008); 
Feng, Jun, Research on stability of rock bedded slopes, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 24, 9, pp. 1474-1478, (2005)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zheng, W., Ran, J., Li, B., Gu, X., Yang, X., Shang, T.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zheng, Wen (54584784500); Ran, Jianghong (7005106875); Li, Bo (57195244409); Gu, Xiaodong (26026969500); Yang, Xuyu (37011814400); Shang, Tao (54685069100)
54584784500; 7005106875; 57195244409; 26026969500; 37011814400; 54685069100
Effect of the Wenchuan earthquake on habitat use patterns of the giant panda: a case study of Longxi-Hongkou and Tangjiahe Nature Reserves
(2012) Acta Theriologica Sinica, 32 (2), pp. 118 - 123, Cited 2 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84863006343&partnerID=40&md5=24ef54267502dc3605688ea18a92a347

AFFILIATIONS: College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Sichuan Wildlife Conservation Station, Chengdu, China; Management Office of Longxi-Hongkou National Nature Reserve, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: The Wenchuan earthquake of May 12, 2008 occurred in the Minshan and Qionglai Mountains, where the most important habitats for giant pandas(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)occur. We took advantage of our long-term dataset on panda habitat use in Longxi-Hongkou and Tangjiahe Nature Reserves to investigate pandas' responses to this disaster. We analyzed the habitat use patterns of giant pandas over the course of a 7-year period (5 years pre-earthquake and 2 years post-earthquake) along fixed-width line transects. The results showed: (1) Before the earthquake, there were no significant differences in used/unused frequencies each year for each transect line, in other words, the habitat use patterns of giant pandas were stable before the earthquake. (2) During the 2 years after the earthquake, there were also no significant differences in used/unused frequencies each year for each transect line. (3) Panda habitat use patterns did not appear to be affected by the earthquake since in the 10 transects surveyed before and after the earthquake, the used/unused frequencies were not significantly different between the pre-and post-earthquake periods. (4)There was no relationship between giant panda habitat use and landslides in Longxi-Hongkou Nature Reserve. Our findings contribute to ongoing habitat restoration plans and long-term conservation of the giant panda.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Giant panda(Ailuropoda melanoleuca); Habitat use; Natural disaster; Nature Reserve; The Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: bear; behavioral response; data set; habitat restoration; habitat use; landslide; line transect; natural disaster; nature reserve; Sichuan earthquake 2008; species conservation; China; Longxi-Hongkou Nature Reserve; Sichuan; Tangjiahe Nature Reserve; Ailuropoda; Ailuropoda melanoleuca
REFERENCES: Jones, Jason, Assessing the effects of natural disturbance on a Neotropical migrant songbird, Ecology, 82, 9, pp. 2628-2635, (2001); 
Kirschvink, Joseph L., Earthquake prediction by animals: Evolution and sensory perception, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 90, 2, pp. 312-323, (2000); 
Liu, Jianguo Gou, A framework for evaluating the effects of human factors on wildlife habitat: The case of giant pandas, Conservation Biology, 13, 6, pp. 1360-1370, (1999); 
Liu, Jianguo Gou, Effects of household dynamics on resource consumption and biodiversity, Nature, 421, 6922, pp. 530-533, (2003); 
Liu, Xuehua, Giant panda habitat selection in foping nature reserve, China, Journal of Wildlife Management, 69, 4, pp. 1623-1632, (2005); 
undefined, (2009); 
Liu, Xinyu, Population trends and ecological traits of giant pandas in Foping Nature Reserve based on long-term monitoring data, Acta Theriologica Sinica, 28, 2, pp. 174-179, (2008); 
California Geology, (1988); 
Chance for Survival, (2001); 
Acta Ecol Sin, (2003)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Song, Y., Gong, J., Gao, S., Wang, D., Cui, T., Li, Y., Wei, B.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Song, Yiquan (55428354300); Gong, Jianhuaa Hua (59157665500); Gao, Sheng (52663502800); Wang, Dongchuan (34873779300); Cui, Tiejun (57204395074); Li, Yi (55983807900); Wei, Baoquan (36119439500)
55428354300; 59157665500; 52663502800; 34873779300; 57204395074; 55983807900; 36119439500
Susceptibility assessment of earthquake-induced landslides using Bayesian network: A case study in Beichuan, China
(2012) Computers and Geosciences, 42, pp. 189 - 199, Cited 170 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.cageo.2011.09.011
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84859438995&doi=10.1016%2Fj.cageo.2011.09.011&partnerID=40&md5=aa164537a210e476dab4e996bf1db778

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Remote Sensing Application Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; College of Urban and Environmental Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China; Department of Natural Resources, Forestry Branch, Winnipeg, NL, Canada; Tianjin Institute of Urban Construction, Tianjin, Tianjin, China; National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, Liaoning, China
ABSTRACT: Because of the uncertainties and complexities of the factors involved in causing landslides, it is generally difficult to analyze their influences quantitatively and to predict the probability of landslide occurrence. In this work, a hybrid method based on Bayesian network (BN) is proposed to analyze earthquake-induced landslide-causing factors and assess their effects. Our study area is Beichuan, China, where landslides have occurred in recent years, including mass landslides triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. To provide a robust assessment of landslide probability, key techniques from landslide susceptibility assessment (LSA) modeling with BN are explored, including data acquisition and processing, BN modeling, and validation. In the study, eight landslide-causing factors were chosen as the independent variables for BN modeling. And this study shows that lithology and Arias intensity are the major factors affecting landslides in the study area. On the basis of the a posteriori probability distribution, the occurrence of a landslide is highly sensitive to relief amplitudes above 116.5. m. Using a 10-fold cross-validation and a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, the resulting accuracy of the BN model was determined to be 93%, which demonstrates that the model achieves a high probability of landslide detection and is a good alternative tool for landslide assessment. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Bayesian network; Landslide; Susceptibility assessment; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: 10-fold cross-validation; A-posteriori probabilities; High probability; Highly sensitive; Hybrid method; Independent variables; Key techniques; Landslide detection; Landslide susceptibility; Major factors; Receiver operating characteristic curves; Study areas; Wenchuan Earthquake; Bayesian networks; Earthquakes; Lithology; Probability distributions; Rating; Uncertainty analysis; Landslides; accuracy assessment; Bayesian analysis; data acquisition; hazard assessment; landslide; model validation; probability; Sichuan earthquake 2008; Beichuan; China; Sichuan; Anas
REFERENCES: Aguilera, P. A., Hybrid Bayesian network classifiers: Application to species distribution models, Environmental Modelling and Software, 25, 12, pp. 1630-1639, (2010); 
Aguilera, P. A., Bayesian networks in environmental modelling, Environmental Modelling and Software, 26, 12, pp. 1376-1388, (2011); 
Introduction to Machine Learning, (2004); 
Arias A, MEASURE OF EARTHQUAKE INTENSITY, pp. 438-483, (1969); 
Ayalew, Lulseged, The application of GIS-based logistic regression for landslide susceptibility mapping in the Kakuda-Yahiko Mountains, Central Japan, Geomorphology, 65, 1-2, pp. 15-31, (2005); 
Carrara, Alberto, Multivariate models for landslide hazard evaluation, Journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology, 15, 3, pp. 403-426, (1983); 
Chung, Chungjo F., Using likelihood ratio functions for modeling the conditional probability of occurrence of future landslides for risk assessment, Computers and Geosciences, 32, 8, pp. 1052-1068, (2006); 
Cooper, Gregory F., A Bayesian Method for the Induction of Probabilistic Networks from Data, Machine Learning, 9, 4, pp. 309-347, (1992); 
Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, (1977); 
Dougherty, James, Supervised and Unsupervised Discretization of Continuous Features, pp. 194-202, (1995)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Li, T.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Li, Tianbin Bing (8357577300)
8357577300
Damage to mountain tunnels related to the Wenchuan earthquake and some suggestions for aseismic tunnel construction
(2012) Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 71 (2), pp. 297 - 308, Cited 255 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s10064-011-0367-6
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84859099998&doi=10.1007%2Fs10064-011-0367-6&partnerID=40&md5=5a564e1e9128ac1cbc68721b4882ad59

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: Many tunnels along the Dujiangyan to Wenchuan highway, located near the epicenter of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China, were damaged severely. The characteristics of the tunnel failures were analyzed and categorized as avalanches and landsliding near the tunnels, cracking of the tunnel portals, collapse of the liner and surrounding rock, cracking and dislocation of the liner, uplift and cracking of the ground, deformation and cracking of the preliminary bracing. The main geological factors influencing the tunnel damage are secondary fractures of earthquake faults, sudden change in soil and rock type, weak rocks and the variable geo-stresses in the host material. The tunnel portals and their slopes, unless fully integrated into the tunnel structures and sufficiently reinforced, are likely to suffer significant distress as a consequence of seismic events. The main mitigation measures proposed are the use of reinforced concrete in the secondary lining in the area of fault zones and injection grouting to reduce the differences where there are sudden changes in the character of the host material. © 2011 Springer-Verlag.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Aseismic design; Mountain tunnels; Seismic damage; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Aseismic design; Earthquake fault; Fault zone; Fully integrated; Geological factors; Host materials; Landsliding; Mitigation measures; Mountain tunnels; Rock types; Secondary lining; Seismic damage; Seismic event; Sudden change; Surrounding rock; Tunnel construction; Tunnel portals; Tunnel structures; Weak rock; Wenchuan Earthquake; Concrete construction; Earthquakes; Railroad tunnels; Reinforced concrete; Sound insulating materials; Faulting; cracking; deformation mechanism; earthquake damage; earthquake epicenter; fault zone; ground motion; grouting; landslide; reinforced concrete; rock avalanche; seismic design; Sichuan earthquake 2008; tunnel; China; Dujiangyan; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Why Was Wenchuan Earthquake so Serious 2008 06 26, (2008); 
Final Report of Wenchuan Great Earthquake Relief, (2008); 
Hashash, Youssef M.A., Seismic design and analysis of underground structures, Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 16, 4, pp. 247-293, (2001); 
Huang, Runqiu, Analysis of the geo-hazards triggered by the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake, China, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 68, 3, pp. 363-371, (2009); 
Konagai, Kazuo, Data archives of seismic fault-induced damage, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 25, 7-10, pp. 559-570, (2005); 
Kontoe, Stavroula, Case study on seismic tunnel response, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 45, 12, pp. 1743-1764, (2008); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2008); 
Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, (2001); 
Penzien, Joseph, Seismically induced racking of tunnel linings, Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 29, 5, pp. 683-691, (2000); 
Sharma, Sunil, Underground opening damage from earthquakes, Engineering Geology, 30, 3-4, pp. 263-276, (1991)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Xu, C., Xiwei, X.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Xu, Chong (35184309900); Xiwei, Xu (8246843900)
35184309900; 8246843900
Comment on "Spatial distribution analysis of landslides triggered by 2008.5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake, China" by Shengwen Qi, Qiang Xu, Hengxing Lan, Bing Zhang, Jianyou Liu [Engineering Geology 116 (2010) 95-108]
(2012) Engineering Geology, 133-134, pp. 40 - 42, Cited 37 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2012.02.017
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84862814317&doi=10.1016%2Fj.enggeo.2012.02.017&partnerID=40&md5=c16c3d2a939edb66b959c7fe4423db42

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Active Tectonics and Volcano, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Landslide inventory; Resonance effect; Spatial distribution; Statistical analysis; Wenchuan earthquake triggered landslides
REFERENCES: Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011); 
Harp, Edwin L., Landslide inventories: The essential part of seismic landslide hazard analyses, Engineering Geology, 122, 1-2, pp. 9-21, (2011); 
Keefer, David K., Statiscal analysis of an earthquake-induced landslide distribution - The 1989 Loma Prieta, California event, Engineering Geology, 58, 3-4, pp. 231-249, (2000); 
Khazai, Bijan, Evaluation of factors controlling earthquake-induced landslides caused by Chi-Chi earthquake and comparison with the Northridge and Loma Prieta events, Engineering Geology, 71, 1-2, pp. 79-95, (2004); 
Lee, Chyityi Tyi, Statistical approach to earthquake-induced landslide susceptibility, Engineering Geology, 100, 1-2, pp. 43-58, (2008); 
Lin, Meei Ling, A GIS-based potential analysis of the landslides induced by the Chi-Chi earthquake, Engineering Geology, 71, 1-2, pp. 63-77, (2004); 
Wang, Wenneng, Mass movements caused by recent tectonic activity: The 1999 Chi-chi earthquake in central Taiwan, Island Arc, 12, 4, pp. 325-334, (2003); 
Journal of Remote Sensing, (2009); 
Xiwei, Xu, Coseismic reverse- and oblique-slip surface faulting generated by the 2008 Mw 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Geology, 37, 6, pp. 515-518, (2009)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Note
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Xu, C., Dai, F., Xiwei, X., Lee, Y.H.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Xu, Chong (35184309900); Dai, Fuchu (7102055666); Xiwei, Xu (8246843900); Lee, Yuanhsi (36165478000)
35184309900; 7102055666; 8246843900; 36165478000
GIS-based support vector machine modeling of earthquake-triggered landslide susceptibility in the Jianjiang River watershed, China
(2012) Geomorphology, 145-146, pp. 70 - 80, Cited 415 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2011.12.040
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84862817248&doi=10.1016%2Fj.geomorph.2011.12.040&partnerID=40&md5=b12c98906d0e5f6b544fdccc542f96d9

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Active Tectonics and Volcano, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China; Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung, Chiayi, Taiwan
ABSTRACT: Support vector machine (SVM) modeling is based on statistical learning theory. It involves a training phase with associated input and target output values. In recent years, the method has become increasingly popular. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the mapping power of SVM modeling in earthquake triggered landslide-susceptibility mapping for a section of the Jianjiang River watershed using a Geographic Information System (GIS) software. The river was affected by the Wenchuan earthquake of May 12, 2008. Visual interpretation of colored aerial photographs of 1-m resolution and extensive field surveys provided a detailed landslide inventory map containing 3147 landslides related to the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. Elevation, slope angle, slope aspect, distance from seismogenic faults, distance from drainages, and lithology were used as the controlling parameters. For modeling, three groups of positive and negative training samples were used in concert with four different kernel functions. Positive training samples include the centroids of 500 large landslides, those of all 3147 landslides, and 5000 randomly selected points in landslide polygons. Negative training samples include 500, 3147, and 5000 randomly selected points on slopes that remained stable during the Wenchuan earthquake. The four kernel functions are linear, polynomial, radial basis, and sigmoid. In total, 12 cases of landslide susceptibility were mapped. Comparative analyses of landslide-susceptibility probability and area relation curves show that both the polynomial and radial basis functions suitably classified the input data as either landslide positive or negative though the radial basis function was more successful. The 12 generated landslide-susceptibility maps were compared with known landslide centroid locations and landslide polygons to verify the success rate and predictive accuracy of each model. The 12 results were further validated using area-under-curve analysis. Group 3 with 5000 randomly selected points on the landslide polygons, and 5000 randomly selected points along stable slopes gave the best results with a success rate of 79.20% and predictive accuracy of 79.13% under the radial basis function. Of all the results, the sigmoid kernel function was the least skillful when used in concert with the centroid data of all 3147 landslides as positive training samples, and the negative training samples of 3147 randomly selected points in regions of stable slope (success rate = 54.95%; predictive accuracy = 61.85%). This paper also provides suggestions and reference data for selecting appropriate training samples and kernel function types for earthquake triggered landslide-susceptibility mapping using SVM modeling. Predictive landslide-susceptibility maps could be useful in hazard mitigation by helping planners understand the probability of landslides in different regions. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: GIS; Landslide susceptibility mapping; Landslides; SVM; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: aerial photograph; comparative study; elevation; GIS; landslide; mapping method; natural disaster; numerical model; Sichuan earthquake 2008; slope angle; statistical analysis
REFERENCES: Aleotti, Pietro, Landslide hazard assessment: Summary review and new perspectives, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 58, 1, pp. 21-44, (1999); 
Alexander, David E., A brief survey of GIS in mass-movement studies, with reflections on theory and methods, Geomorphology, 94, 3-4, pp. 261-267, (2008); 
Anbalagan, Rathinam, Landslide hazard evaluation and zonation mapping in mountainous terrain, Engineering Geology, 32, 4, pp. 269-277, (1992); 
Geophysical Research Abstracts, (2008); 
Brenning, Alexander, Spatial prediction models for landslide hazards: Review, comparison and evaluation, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 5, 6, pp. 853-862, (2005); 
Geographical Information Systems in Assessing Natural Hazards, (1995); 
Carrara, Alberto, Use of GIS technology in the prediction and monitoring of landslide hazard, Natural Hazards, 20, 2-3, pp. 117-135, (1999); 
Chacón, José, Engineering geology maps: Landslides and geographical information systems, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 65, 4, pp. 341-411, (2006); 
Corominas, Jordi, A review of assessing landslide frequency for hazard zoning purposes, Engineering Geology, 102, 3-4, pp. 193-213, (2008); 
Dai, Fuchu, Assessment of landslide susceptibility on the natural terrain of Lantau Island, Hong Kong, Environmental Geology, 40, 3, pp. 381-391, (2001)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Fayou, F., Kong, J., Ni, Z.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Fayou, A. (36607707800); Kong, Jiming (55793897000); Ni, Zhenqiang (36976028800)
36607707800; 55793897000; 36976028800
Model test on deformation and failure of excavated anti-dip slope under seismic loading
(2012) Disaster Advances, 5 (2), pp. 41 - 47, Cited 8 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84859826343&partnerID=40&md5=2a2be712f5d8543c2be018ea9da1d3af

AFFILIATIONS: Faculty of Land Resource Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: In the disaster areas of Wenchuan Earthquake, anti-dip slope is a kind of slope with less development of earthquake-induced mountain disasters, but the excavation often exacerbates the earthquake-induced mountain disasters on slopes. According to the survey, deformation and failure of anti-dip slope is characterized by both collapse and slide. In order to reproduce the deformation and failure process of slope, the deformation and failure laws of slope under seismic loading were analyzed. The slope, where Wangjiaping landslide was located in Longmenshan Town, Pengzhou City, was selected as a typical example of anti-dip slope with excavation failure in this study and indoor physical model tests were carried out on deformation and failure under seismic loading. The results showed that the deformation and failure of slope under seismic loading were exacerbated by excavation. As viewed from failure mode, the deformation and failure of anti-dip slope were characterized by both collapse and slide, consistent with the results of field surveys. The entire process of deformation and failure could be divided into the following phases: the initial stage of earthquake (a gradual connecting process between superficial overburden and bedrock interface), superficial collapse stage on the top of excavated slope, toppling stage of strata with excavation failure and impact fragmentation-slide stage.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Anti-dip slope; Deformation and failure; Excavation; Model test; Seismic loading
INDEX KEYWORDS: deformation; failure mechanism; model test; seismic response; slope; slope failure; China; Longmen Mountains; Pengzhou; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Journal of Sichuan University, (2009); 
Numerical Modelling of Complex Slope Deformations, (1997); 
Pritchard, M. A., Numerical modelling of toppling, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 27, 6, pp. 823-834, (1990); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (1999); 
Aydan, Orner, The stability of slopes and underground openings against flexural toppling and their stabilisation, Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 25, 3, pp. 143-165, (1992); 
Journal of Changsha Communications University, (2001); 
Sun, Dongya, Application of DDA method in stability analysis of topple rock slope, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 21, 1, pp. 39-42, (2002); 
Coal Geology Exploration, (2004); 
Ji, Yushi, Deformation mechanism and control of mining-induced toppling-displacement, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 24, 19, pp. 3594-3598, (2005); 
Cheng, Dongxing, Analysis on influential factors and toppling conditions of toppling rock slope, Yantu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 27, 11, pp. 1362-1366, (2005)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Cheng, S., Yang, G., Yu, H., Li, J., Zhang, L.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Cheng, Song (7404685011); Yang, Gang (57075284200); Yu, Hui (55515499400); Li, Jiyue (36174439800); Zhang, Li (56283286100)
7404685011; 57075284200; 55515499400; 36174439800; 56283286100
Impacts of Wenchuan Earthquake-induced landslides on soil physical properties and tree growth
(2012) Ecological Indicators, 15 (1), pp. 263 - 270, Cited 42 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2011.09.028
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-81755184740&doi=10.1016%2Fj.ecolind.2011.09.028&partnerID=40&md5=2b8c7e4b94aebb9ecdbaa270a48ad313

AFFILIATIONS: GeCheng Global Eco-Tech Inc., Columbus, OH, United States; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Forestry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Wilma H. Schiermeier Olentangy River Wetland Research Park, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
ABSTRACT: How earthquake-induced landslides impact the growth of existing trees remains unknown worldwide. Therefore, we established an experiment with two tree species (Cupressus funebris, Cryptomeria fortunei) and two landslide conditions (non-impacted and impacted stands) near the northern section of the fault belt one year after the Wenchuan Earthquake (8.0 M <inf>s</inf>) that occurred in China in 2008. At site I, two plots of each species were located in non-impacted stands. At site II, three plots of Cu. funebris were established in non-impacted stands, and three plots were established in impacted stands. At site III, three plots of Cr. fortunei were placed in non-impacted stands, while two plots were placed in impacted stands. All plots were 20 m × 20 m in size. At each plot, we measured the diameter at breast height and the height of each tree and used their mean values to select five trees representing average growth. Two to three small fine roots (≤2.0 mm in diameter, >20 cm long) were sampled in just three of the five selected trees to investigate root parameters. Leaf, branch and root water contents of the sampled trees were also examined. Soil samples were collected from 0 to 10, 10 to 20 and 20 to 40 cm depths at the center and near the four corners of each plot to analyze soil physical properties. The study revealed that saturated water content, capillary moisture capacity, field water capacity, total porosity and capillary porosity were lower in the impacted stands than in the non-impacted stands. Conversely, bulk density was higher in the impacted stands, indicating that the soils in the impacted stands had become compacted and dry. Soil water content, saturated water content, capillary moisture capacity, field water capacity, total porosity, capillary porosity and non-capillary porosity were greater in Cr. fortunei stands than in Cu. funebris stands, while bulk density was lower, indicating that impacted stands of Cu. funebris were more compacted and dry than those of Cr. fortunei. In impacted Cu. funebris stands, mean tip length/length and mean tip length/biomass decreased, while plant organ water contents did not change. In impacted Cr. fortunei stands, in contrast, these root parameters as well as specific root area, specific root length and leaf water content increased. These patterns suggest Cr. funebris experiences a much higher root growth than Cu. funebris in landslide impacted stands. Survival and recovery may be more difficult for Cu. funebris than for Cr. fortunei. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Landslides; Plant organ water contents; Root parameters; Soil physical properties; Wenchuan Earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Average growth; Bulk density; Capillary porosity; Diameter-at-breast heights; Fine roots; Leaf water content; Mean values; Moisture capacity; Plant organs; Root area; Root growth; Root parameters; Saturated water; Soil physical properties; Soil physical property; Soil sample; Soil water content; Specific root length; Total porosity; Tree growth; Tree species; Water capacity; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes; Ecology; Landslides; Porosity; Soil moisture; Water content; Forestry; biomass; bulk density; diameter; evergreen tree; growth rate; landslide; physical property; porosity; restoration ecology; Sichuan earthquake 2008; soil depth; soil moisture; soil type; stand structure; survival; Biomass; Bulk Density; China; Cryptomeria; Cupressus Funebris; Earth Movement; Moisture Content; Physical Properties; Soil; Cryptomeria fortunei; Cryptomeria japonica; Cupressus; Cupressus funebris
REFERENCES: Allen, Robert B., Immediate damage by an earthquake to a temperate montane forest, Ecology, 80, 2, pp. 708-714, (1999); 
Bauhus, Jürgen, Soil exploitation strategies of fine roots in different tree species of the southern boreal forest of eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 29, 2, pp. 260-273, (1999); 
Bernstein, Nirit, Root Growth of Avocado is More Sensitive to Salinity than Shoot Growth, Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 129, 2, pp. 188-192, (2004); 
Eco and Ground Bio Engineering the Use of Vegetation to Improve Slope Stability, (2007); 
Bidel, Luc Philippe Régis, An improved method to measure spatial variation in root respiration: Application to the taproot of a young peach tree Prunus persica, Agronomie, 21, 2, pp. 179-192, (2001); 
Cao, Bing, Relationship between photosynthesis and leaf nitrogen concentration in ambient and elevated [CO2] in white birch seedlings, Tree Physiology, 27, 6, pp. 891-899, (2007); 
Cheng, Song, Light and tree size influence belowground development in yellow birch and sugar maple, Plant and Soil, 270, 1, pp. 321-330, (2005); 
Cheng, Song, Lorentzian model of roots for understory yellow birch and sugar maple saplings, Journal of Theoretical Biology, 246, 2, pp. 309-322, (2007); 
Cheng, Song, Wenchuan 512 earthquake and giant panda habitat in Wolong, China: A review of strong earthquake effects, Frontiers of Forestry in China, 4, 4, pp. 388-393, (2009); 
Hacke, Uwe, Drought-induced xylem dysfunction in petioles, branches, and roots of Populus balsamifera L. and Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn., Plant Physiology, 111, 2, pp. 413-417, (1996)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Liu, F., Li, D., Liu, D., Li, J., Tang, H.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Liu, Fangxiao (56133360400); Li, Dewei (55704084500); Liu, Demin (55908817500); Li, Jiong (57216662214); Tang, Huiming (58132262400)
56133360400; 55704084500; 55908817500; 57216662214; 58132262400
Tectonic analysis of Wenchuan earthquake collapse and landslide development characteristics and spatial distribution law
(2012) Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 155 LNEE, pp. 757 - 765, Cited 1 times.
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-28744-2_98
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84863351874&doi=10.1007%2F978-3-642-28744-2_98&partnerID=40&md5=a737125e0c0b594f61a22786d8f4e487

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
ABSTRACT: Collapses and landslides induced by Wenchuan earthquake concentrated in the hanging wall of causative fault, and high-density areas mainly located in the 30km radius buffer zone of the causative fault (Yingxiu - Beichuan fault). And its' mechanism and characteristics showed collapses bodies launched, landslides bodies long-distance and throwing slided which were different from normal gravity slumps. This paper analysises the development characteristics and spatial distribution of earthquake collapses and landslides from the deep structure and its shallow surface response by geological survey and interpretation of the geophysical data and remote sensing data. The research suggests that many phenomena and problems related to the Wenchuan earthquake collapses and landslides are far beyond people's previous cognition, and its development and distribution characteristics are closely related to lower crust flow of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau and the conversion between its horizontal and vertical movement, hence the mechanism of the earthquake is the key issue of earthquake collapse and landslide development. © 2012 Springer-Verlag GmbH.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: collapses and landslides; lower crustal flow; mechanism of the earthquake; tectonic analysis; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Buffer zones; Crustal flow; Deep structure; Distribution characteristics; Geophysical data; High-density; Lower crust; Normal gravities; Qinghai Tibet plateau; Remote sensing data; Surface response; Tectonic analysis; Vertical movement; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes; Gravitation; Landslides; Remote sensing; Spatial distribution; Faulting
REFERENCES: Xiwei, Xu, The MS8.0 Wenchuan earthquake surface ruptures and its seismogenic structure, Dizhen Dizhi, 30, 3, pp. 597-629, (2008); 
He, Honglin, Rupture of the MS8.0 Wenchuan earthquake along Baishahe River, Dizhen Dizhi, 30, 3, pp. 658-673, (2008); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2008); 
Journal of China University of Geosiences, (2010); 
Geological Review, (2008); 
Xu, Zhiqin Qin, Uplift of the Longmen-Jinping orogenic belt along the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau: Large-scale detachment faulting and extrusion mechanism, Geological Bulletin of China, 26, 10, pp. 1262-1276, (2007); 
Liuf Jan-Hua, Three dimensional velocity images of the crust and upper mantle beneath North-South zone in China, Acta Geophysica Sinica, 32, 2, pp. 143-152, (1989); 
Wang, Chunyong Young, A Study on 3-D velocity structure of crust and upper mantle in Sichuan-Yunnan region, China, Acta Seismologica Sinica English Edition, 15, 1, (2002); 
Science in China Series D, (2003); 
Earthquake Research in Sichuan, (2006)
CONFERENCE NAME: 2012 2nd International Conference on Electric and Electronics, EEIC 2012
CONFERENCE DATE: 2012-04-21 through 2012-04-22
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Fang, H., Cui, P., Pei, L.Z., Zhou, X.J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Fang, Hua (56391373800); Cui, Peng (56706923500); Pei, Laizheng (26656035900); Zhou, Xiaojun (57198476576)
56391373800; 56706923500; 26656035900; 57198476576
Model testing on rainfall-induced landslide of loose soil in Wenchuan earthquake region
(2012) Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 12 (3), pp. 527 - 533, Cited 35 times.
DOI: 10.5194/nhess-12-527-2012
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84863257554&doi=10.5194%2Fnhess-12-527-2012&partnerID=40&md5=34c2a475a4c3a2ca236a694a00449107

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: This study investigates the formation process of rainfall-induced landslide for slopes composed of loose soil in the Wenchuan earthquake region. Experimental investigations have been performed on the landslide's formation and the variation of the controlling soil parameters under various artificial rainfall conditions. The landslide triggering mechanisms can be described in the following way. Firstly, the large porosity of the loose soil facilitated the infiltration of water, which increased the pore water pressure and reduced the shear strength of the soil significantly. In addition, the rainfalls probably caused the concentration of finer particles at a certain depth of the valley slopes. This concentration within the soil increased the pore water pressure significantly, and consequently reduced both the porosity ratio and permeability. Therefore, when the pore water pressure reached a critical state, the effective shear strength of the soil diminished, inducing the landslide's formation. © Author(s) 2012.
INDEX KEYWORDS: concentration (composition); critical state; earthquake mechanism; earthquake trigger; landslide; model test; permeability; pore pressure; porewater; porosity; rainfall; shear strength; soil water; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Liquefaction of Sands, (1969); 
Harvard Soil Mechanics Series, (1976); 
An Influence of Earthquake on the Occurrence of Landslide and Debris Flow, (2008); 
Chinese Science Bulletin, (1992); 
Cui, Peng, The Wenchuan Earthquake (May 12, 2008), Sichuan Province, China, and resulting geohazards, Natural Hazards, 56, 1, pp. 19-36, (2011); 
Cui, Peng, Characteristics and countermeasures of debris flow in Wenchuan area after the earthquake, Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 42, 5, pp. 10-19, (2010); 
Chen, Xiaoqing, Artificial rainfall experimental study on landslide translation to debris flow, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 25, 1, pp. 106-116, (2006); 
Gabet, Emmanuel J., The mobilization of debris flows from shallow landslides, Geomorphology, 74, 1-4, pp. 207-218, (2006); 
Soil Mechanics for Unsaturated Soils, (1997); 
Hotta, Norifumi, Pore-water pressure of debris flows, Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere, 25, 4, pp. 381-385, (2000)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Peng, M., Zhang, L.M.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Peng, Ming (37108434300); Zhang, Limin Min (58883008100)
37108434300; 58883008100
Breaching parameters of landslide dams
(2012) Landslides, 9 (1), pp. 13 - 31, Cited 372 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s10346-011-0271-y
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84858709182&doi=10.1007%2Fs10346-011-0271-y&partnerID=40&md5=e4b7bc204fe7632c8f3a95aa70c10286

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Affiliated Researcher, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: Landslide dams pose enormous risks to the public because of the potentially catastrophic floods generated by breaching of such dams. The need to better understand the threats of landslide dams raises questions about the proper estimation of breaching parameters (breach size, breaching duration, and peak outflow rate) of landslide dams and the feasibility of applying models for estimating the breaching parameters of man-made earthen dams to landslide dams. This paper aims to answer these two questions. In this study, a database of 1,239 landslide dams, including 257 cases formed during the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, has been compiled. Based on records of 52 landslide dam cases with breaching information in the database, empirical models for estimating the breaching parameters of landslide dams are developed. A comparison study between landslide dams and man-made earth and rockfill dams is conducted, which shows that the models for man-made earth and rockfill dams are not suitable for estimating the breaching parameters of landslide dams. Two case studies are presented to show the application of the set of empirical models developed in this paper. © 2011 Springer-Verlag.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Dam breach; Dams; Earthquake; Erosion; Landslide; Overtopping
INDEX KEYWORDS: Earthquakes; Erosion; Landslides; Parameter estimation; Public risks; Rock mechanics; Catastrophic floods; Comparison study; Dam breach; Earth and rock-fill dam; Empirical model; Landslide dam; Overtopping; Wenchuan Earthquake; Dams; catastrophic event; comparative study; dam failure; database; earth dam; empirical analysis; erosivity; flash flood; landslide; overtopping; peak discharge; peak flow; risk factor; rockfill dam; Sichuan earthquake 2008; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Becker, Julia S., Response to landslide dam failure emergencies: Issues resulting from the October 1999 Mount Adams landslide and dam-break flood in the Poerua River, Westland, New Zealand, Natural Hazards Review, 8, 2, pp. 35-42, (2007); 
Briaud, Jean Louis, Case histories in soil and rock erosion: Woodrow wilson bridge, brazos river meander, normandy cliffs, and new orleans levees, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering - ASCE, 134, 10, pp. 1425-1447, (2008); 
Briaud, Jean Louis, Levee erosion by overtopping in New Orleans during the Katrina Hurricane, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering - ASCE, 134, 5, pp. 618-632, (2008); 
Landslide News, (1994); 
Casagli, Nicola, Geomorphic analysis of landslide dams in the Northern Apennine, Chikei, 20, 3, pp. 219-249, (1999); 
Chai Hejun, Study on the categories of landslide-damming of rivers and their characteristics, Journal of the Chengdu Institute of Technology, 25, 3, pp. 411-416, (1998); 
Chang, Dongsheng, Simulation of the erosion process of landslide dams due to overtopping considering variations in soil erodibility along depth, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 10, 4, pp. 933-946, (2010); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2009); 
Chang, Dongsheng, Field testing of erodibility of two landslide dams triggered by the 12 May Wenchuan earthquake, Landslides, 8, 3, pp. 321-332, (2011); 
Types and Failure Modes of Landslide Dams Induced by the Chi Chi Earthquake, (2000)
PUBLISHER: Springer Verlag service@springer.de
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Huang, R., Pei, X., Fan, X., Zhang, W., Li, S., Li, B.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Huang, Runqiu (55835407700); Pei, Xiangjun (14058672500); Fan, Xuanmei (12752112800); Zhang, Weifeng (55706462700); Li, Shigui (39762030800); Li, Biliang (59812290500)
55835407700; 14058672500; 12752112800; 55706462700; 39762030800; 59812290500
The characteristics and failure mechanism of the largest landslide triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake, May 12, 2008, China
(2012) Landslides, 9 (1), pp. 131 - 142, Cited 245 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s10346-011-0276-6
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84858705084&doi=10.1007%2Fs10346-011-0276-6&partnerID=40&md5=03cbc1f2ca2ae8ba53c53f03a8406311

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation – ITC, Enschede, Overijssel, Netherlands
ABSTRACT: Strong earthquakes are among the prime triggering factors of landslides. The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake (M <inf>w</inf> = 7.9) triggered tens of thousands of landslides. Among them, the Daguangbao landslide is the largest one, which covered an area of 7.8 km 2 with a maximum width of 2.2 km and an estimated volume of 7.5 × 10 8 m 3. The landslide is located on the hanging wall of the seismogenic fault, the Yingxiu-Beichuan fault in Anxian town, Sichuan Province. The sliding mass travelled about 4.5 km and blocked the Huangdongzi valley, forming a landslide dam nearly 600 m high. Compared to other coseismic landslides in the study area, the Daguangbao landslide attained phenomenal kinetic energy, intense cracking, and deformation, exposing a 1-km long head scarp in the rear of the landslide. Based on the field investigation, we conclude that the occurrence of the landslide is controlled mainly by the seismic, terrain, and geological factors. The special location of the landslide and the possible topographic amplification of ground motions due to the terrain features governed the landslide failure. The effects of earthquakes on the stability of slopes were considered in two aspects: First, the ground shaking may reduce the frictional strength of the substrate by shattering of rock mass. Second, the seismic acceleration may result in short-lived and episodic changes of the normal (tensile) and shear stresses in the hillshopes during earthquakes. According to the failure mechanism, the dynamic process of the landslide might contain four stages: (a) the cracking of rock mass in the rear of the slope mainly due to the tensile stress generated by the ground shaking; (b) the shattering of the substrate due to the ground shaking, which reduced the frictional strength of the substrate; (c) the shearing failure of the toe of the landslide due to the large shear stress caused by the landslide gravity; and (d) the deposition stage. © 2011 Springer-Verlag.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Daguangbao landslide; Dynamic process; Failure mechanism; Geomorphologic feature; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Deposition stages; Dynamic process; Failure mechanism; Field investigation; Frictional strength; Geological factors; Geomorphologic feature; Ground motions; Ground-shaking; Landslide dam; Rock mass; Seismic accelerations; Seismogenic faults; Sichuan province; Sliding mass; Stability of slopes; Study areas; Terrain features; Topographic amplification; Triggering factors; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes; Faulting; Friction; Landforms; Shear stress; Landslides; coseismic process; earthquake magnitude; episodic event; failure mechanism; fault; friction; geomorphology; gravity field; ground motion; hanging wall; kinetic energy; landslide; shear stress; Sichuan earthquake 2008; sliding; trigger mechanism; China; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Alford, Donald, Lake Sarez, Pamir Mountains, Tajikistan: Mountain hazards and development assistance, Mountain Research and Development, 20, 1, pp. 20-23, (2000); 
Brune, James N., Shattered rock and precarious rock evidence for strong asymmetry in ground motions during thrust faulting, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 91, 3, pp. 441-447, (2001); 
Chen, Guoguang, Primary research of activity segmentation of Longmenshan fault zone since late-quaternary, Dizhen Dizhi, 29, 3, pp. 657-673, (2007); 
Chigira, Masahiro, Landslides induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China, Geomorphology, 118, 3-4, pp. 225-238, (2010); 
Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011); 
Densmore, Alexander Logan, Active tectonics of the Beichuan and Pengguan faults at the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, Tectonics, 26, 4, (2007); 
IV International Symposium on Landslides Toronto Proceedings, (1984); 
Gelí, Louis, The effect of topography on earthquake ground motion: a review and new results., Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 78, 1, pp. 42-63, (1988); 
Görüm, Tolga, Distribution pattern of earthquake-induced landslides triggered by the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Geomorphology, 133, 3-4, pp. 152-167, (2011); 
Hao, Ken Xiansheng, Coseismic surface-ruptures and crustal deformations of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake MW 7.9, China, Geophysical Research Letters, 36, 11, (2009)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Ni, H.Y., Zheng, W.M., Tie, Y.B., Su, P.C., Tang, Y.Q., Xu, R.G., Wang, D.W., Chen, X.Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Ni, Huayong (36548802400); Zheng, Wanmo (36009664800); Tie, Yongbo (26656325300); Su, Pengcheng (55234493100); Tang, Y. Q. (48161911600); Xu, Ruge (48161947100); Wang, Dewei (56997706600); Chen, X. Y. (48160941800)
36548802400; 36009664800; 26656325300; 55234493100; 48161911600; 48161947100; 56997706600; 48160941800
Formation and characteristics of post-earthquake debris flow: A case study from Wenjia gully in Mianzhu, Sichuan, SW China
(2012) Natural Hazards, 61 (2), pp. 317 - 335, Cited 45 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11069-011-9914-5
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84856390335&doi=10.1007%2Fs11069-011-9914-5&partnerID=40&md5=ebffdd0f00620396b67211925d72d767

AFFILIATIONS: Chengdu Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: During the three flood seasons following the Wenchuan earthquake in 2008, two catastrophic groups of debris flow events occurred in the earthquake-affected area: the 2008-9-24 debris flow events, which had a serious impact on rebuilding; and the 2010-8-13/14 debris flow events, which destroyed much of the progress made in rebuilding. The Wenjia gully is a typical post-earthquake debris flow gully and at least five debris flows have occurred there. As far as the 2010-8-13 debris flow is concerned, the deposits of the Wenjia gully debris flow reached a volume of 3. 1 × 10 6 m 3 in volume and hundreds of newly built houses were buried. This study took the Wenjia gully debris flow as an example and discussed the formation and characteristics of post-earthquake debris flow on the basis of field investigations and a remote sensing interpretation. The conclusions drawn from the investigation and analysis were as follows: (1) Post-earthquake debris flows were a joint result of both the earthquake and heavy rainfall. (2) Gully incision and loose material provision are key processes in the initiation and occurrence of debris flows and a cycle can be presented as the following process: runoff-erosion-collapse-engulfment-debris flow-further erosion-further collapse-further engulfment-debris flow enlargement. (3) The amount of rainfall that triggered debris flows from the Wenjia gully was significantly less than the average daily rainfall, while the intraday rainfall threshold decreased by at least 23. 3%. (4) The occurrence mechanism of Wenjia gully debris flow was an erosion type and there was a positive relationship between debris flow magnitude and rainfall, which fitted an exponential model. (5) There were five representative characteristics of Wenjia gully debris flow: the long duration of the occurring process; the long distance of deposition chain conversion during the process of damage; magnification in the scale of debris flow; and the high frequency of debris flow events. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Characteristic; Debris flow; Formation mechanism; Wenchuan earthquake; Wenjia gully
INDEX KEYWORDS: catastrophic event; debris flow; environmental impact; field method; formation mechanism; gully; gully erosion; incised valley; rainfall; remote sensing; runoff; Sichuan earthquake 2008; trigger mechanism; China; Mianzhu; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Berti, Matteo, Experimental evidences and numerical modelling of debris flow initiated by channel runoff, Landslides, 2, 3, pp. 171-182, (2005); 
Caine, Nel, The rainfall intensity-duration control of shallow landslides and debris flows., Geografiska Annaler, Series A: Physical Geography, 62, 1-2, pp. 23-27, (1980); 
Cannon, Susan H., Storm rainfall conditions for floods and debris flows from recently burned areas in southwestern Colorado and southern California, Geomorphology, 96, 3-4, pp. 250-269, (2008); 
Chen, Hongey, Recent rainfall-induced landslides and debris flow in northern Taiwan, Geomorphology, 77, 1-2, pp. 112-125, (2006); 
Chen, Ningsheng, The critical rainfall characteristics for torrents and debris flows in the Wenchuan earthquake stricken area, Journal of Mountain Science, 6, 4, pp. 362-372, (2009); 
Cui, Peng, The Wenchuan Earthquake (May 12, 2008), Sichuan Province, China, and resulting geohazards, Natural Hazards, 56, 1, pp. 19-36, (2011); 
Curry, Robert R., Observation of alpine mudflows in the Tenmile range, central Colorado, Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 77, 7, pp. 771-776, (1966); 
Fiorillo, Francesco, Rainfall induced debris flows in pyroclastic deposits, Campania (southern Italy), Engineering Geology, 75, 3-4, pp. 263-289, (2004); 
Godt, Jonathan W., Alpine debris flows triggered by a 28 July 1999 thunderstorm in the central Front Range, Colorado, Geomorphology, 84, 1-2, pp. 80-97, (2007); 
Guzzetti, Fausto, The rainfall intensity-duration control of shallow landslides and debris flows: An update, Landslides, 5, 1, pp. 3-17, (2008)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Chen, J., Wu, H., Zhou, H., Zhang, H.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Chen, Jihua (39261144200); Wu, Huige (54404041200); Zhou, Haihui (56011681500); Zhang, Hailiang (59638424900)
39261144200; 54404041200; 56011681500; 59638424900
Risk assessment and control measure of debris flow in Chunyashu gully of seismic disastrous area of Sichuan province
(2012) Advanced Materials Research, 446-449, pp. 2988 - 2991, Cited 1 times.
DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.446-449.2988
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84863142786&doi=10.4028%2Fwww.scientific.net%2FAMR.446-449.2988&partnerID=40&md5=76593dd8ea85531f7307fb1196b72401

AFFILIATIONS: College of Prospecting Techniques, Hebei Geo university, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China; College of Engineering, Hebei Geo university, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China; Hebei Prospecting Institute of Hydrogeology and Engineering Geological, Shijiazhuang, China
ABSTRACT: The terrain of Chunyashu gully in Dujiangyan city of Sichuan province was steep, plenty of loose material increased after the Wenchuan earthquake. Debris flows were triggered in September 2008 and August 2009, and the debris flow was a serious threat to the highway and the residents. Risk of Chunyashu gully debris flow had been analyzed by the latest assessment method, and the result was that the risk degree of this gully was middle. Finally according to the local situation the control measure of interception dam and other advices had been suggested to protect the safety of the residents. © (2012) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Blocking dam; Debris flow; Risk assessment; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Assessment methods; Control measures; Debris flows; Loose materials; Risk degree; Sichuan province; Wenchuan Earthquake; Building materials; Civil engineering; Earthquakes; Hydraulic structures; Risk assessment; Debris
REFERENCES: Journal of Natural Disasters in Chinese, (2002); 
Debris Flow Risk Assessment, (2003); 
Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control in Chinese, (2006); 
Journal of Catastro Phology, (2005); 
Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control in Chinese, (2008)
SPONSORS: Beijing Univ. Technol., Coll. Archit. Civ. Eng., Zhejiang Univ. Technol., Sch. Civ. Eng. Archit.
CONFERENCE NAME: 2nd International Conference on Structures and Building Materials, ICSBM 2012
CONFERENCE DATE: 2012-03-09 through 2012-03-11
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Tang, C., van Asch, Th.W.J., Chang, M., Chen, G.Q., Zhao, X.H., Huang, X.C.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Tang, Chuan (35932953300); van Asch, Theodore W.J. (6701661708); Chang, Ming (36727157900); Chen, Guangqi (55577206900); Zhao, Xuehong (55546926500); Huang, Xiangchao (37067538000)
35932953300; 6701661708; 36727157900; 55577206900; 55546926500; 37067538000
Catastrophic debris flows on 13 August 2010 in the Qingping area, southwestern China: The combined effects of a strong earthquake and subsequent rainstorms
(2012) Geomorphology, 139-140, pp. 559 - 576, Cited 256 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2011.12.021
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84856003113&doi=10.1016%2Fj.geomorph.2011.12.021&partnerID=40&md5=83476adc503aab8a62a334dac2c51977

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Universiteit Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands; Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Japan
ABSTRACT: In the Wenchuan area in SW China, an abundance of loose co-seismic landslide debris was present on the slopes after the Wenchuan earthquake, which in later years served as source material for rainfall-induced debris flows or shallow landslides. Slopes composed of Cambrian sandstones and siltstones intercalated with slates appeared to be most susceptible to co-seismic landsliding. A total of 20 debris flows are described in this paper; all were triggered by heavy rainfall on 13th of August 2010. Field reconnaissance and measurements, supported by aerial photo interpretation, were conducted to identify the locations and morphological characteristics of the debris flow gullies in order to obtain information about surface area and volume of landslides and the debris flows. The debris flows in the study area were initiated by two processes: a) run-off erosion on co-seismic landslide material, and concentrated erosion of landslide debris in steep channels; b) new landslides that transform into debris flows. The volume of debris flow deposits on individual fans varies by many orders of magnitude. The smallest deposit has a volume of from 5760 to 3.1millionm 3. A comparison of the measured volumes, deposited on the fan with the volumes of debris stored in the catchment shows the huge potential for future debris flow activity. Whilst there is a weakly significant positive correlation between these two volumes, no significant statistical correlation could be established between volumes of debris flow deposits and other morphometric parameters of the catchment.A catastrophic debris flow catchment (the Wenjia catchment) was selected as an extreme case to show in detail the mechanism of debris flow formation as a result of intensive erosion in loose material, which was deposited by a rock avalanche during the 2008 Earthquake event. Analyses of the meteorological conditions that triggered these debris flows show one day antecedent precipitation varying between 67.7 and 137.6. mm, with a mean rainfall intensity of about 7.3 to 22.5. mm/h. A rainfall event with peak intensity of 38.7. mm/h triggered the largest debris flow event. Rainfall data related to five debris flow events in the Wenjia torrent was used to establish a primary rainfall intensity-duration relationship for the triggering of debris flows, which was compared to other rainfall duration thresholds from other parts of the world. In the discussion emphasis is laid on the need to unravel the process mechanisms which initiated the debris flows for a better understanding and assessment of meteorological thresholds. © 2011.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Co-seismic landslides; Debris flows; Heavy rainfall; Qingping area; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: catastrophic event; catchment; coseismic process; debris flow; landslide; morphometry; parameterization; precipitation intensity; rainfall; rock avalanche; runoff; sandstone; Sichuan earthquake 2008; siltstone; slope angle; water erosion; China; Qingping; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Alexander, David E., Urban landslides, Progress in Physical Geography, 13, 2, pp. 157-189, (1989); 
Caine, Nel, The rainfall intensity-duration control of shallow landslides and debris flows., Geografiska Annaler, Series A: Physical Geography, 62, 1-2, pp. 23-27, (1980); 
Landslides in A Semiarid Environment, (1989); 
Cannon, Susan H., Regional rainfall-threshold conditions for abundant debris-flow activity, pp. 35-42, (1988); 
Chen, Hongey, The impact of landslide and debris flows triggered by Typhoon Mindulle in Taiwan, Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology, 38, 3, pp. 301-304, (2005); 
Chen, Hongey, Recent rainfall-induced landslides and debris flow in northern Taiwan, Geomorphology, 77, 1-2, pp. 112-125, (2006); 
Chen, Ningsheng, The critical rainfall characteristics for torrents and debris flows in the Wenchuan earthquake stricken area, Journal of Mountain Science, 6, 4, pp. 362-372, (2009); 
Chen, Chienyuan, Rainfall duration and debris-flow initiated studies for real-time monitoring, Environmental Geology, 47, 5, pp. 715-724, (2005); 
Chigira, Masahiro, Landslides induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China, Geomorphology, 118, 3-4, pp. 225-238, (2010); 
Chiou, Shianjin, Evaluating landslides and sediment yields induced by the chi-chi earthquake and followed heavy rainfalls along the ta-chia river, Journal of GeoEngineering, 2, 2, pp. 73-83, (2007)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Tu, X., Zhao, G., Dai, F., Zhao, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Tu, Xinbin (7102136710); Zhao, Gaofeng (55234790300); Dai, Fuchu (7102055666); Zhao, Jian (55927660000)
7102136710; 55234790300; 7102055666; 55927660000
Mechanism of rock avalanche induced by earthquake - Insight from the discontinuous numerical modeling approach
(2012), pp. 2003 - 2006, Cited 1 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84863057059&partnerID=40&md5=1f49cdf008e9177aea6a84a810e339df

AFFILIATIONS: Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Rock Mechanics Laboratory, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
ABSTRACT: The Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake occurred on 12 May, 2008 triggered over 56,000 landslides in the affected area, especially many large-scale rock avalanches distributed along the coseismic surface rupture. These rock avalanches were usually thought to be caused by the ground vibration during earthquake. Based on the evidences identified during our field investigation on many rock avalanches, it is found that rock avalanches distributed along the surface rupture may be generated by the seismogenic fault activity directly instead of ground motion. During the earthquake, rock masses of the mountain slopes fractured along the slip zone of seismogenic fault, firstly by the fault movement, which triggered rock avalanches. The ground vibration played a minor role in the causative mechanism of rock avalanches. In this paper, the Discontinuous Deformation Analysis (DDA) is adopted to verify the mechanism of rock avalanche induced by the Wenchuan earthquake. Two initial causative factors are considered in the numerical model to compare and verify the effect on the formation of rock avalanche, namely, ground motion and displacement along the seismogenic fault. According to the criterion put forward by the authors, here we show an agreement on the mechanism between the numerical results and observations during field investigation. © 2012 Taylor & Francis Group, London.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Numerical modeling; Rock mass; Rock slopes and foundations; Stability analysis
INDEX KEYWORDS: Affected area; Coseismic surface rupture; Discontinuous deformation analysis; Fault movement; Field investigation; Ground motions; Ground vibration; Mountain slopes; Numerical modeling; Numerical modeling approach; Numerical results; Rock avalanche; Rock mass; Rock slope; Seismogenic faults; Slip zones; Stability analysis; Surface ruptures; Wenchuan Earthquake; Computer simulation; Earthquakes; Fault slips; Numerical methods; Numerical models; Rock mechanics; Rocks
REFERENCES: Burchfiel, B. Clark, A geological and geophysical context for the Wenchuan earthquake of 12 May 2008, Sichuan, People's Republic of China, GSA Today, 18, 7, pp. 4-11, (2008); 
Chigira, Masahiro, Landslides induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China, Geomorphology, 118, 3-4, pp. 225-238, (2010); 
Geomorphology, (2012); 
Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011); 
Hatzor, Yossef H., Dynamic stability analysis of jointed rock slopes using the DDA method: King Herod's Palace, Masada, Israel, International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 41, 5, pp. 813-832, (2004); 
Huang, Runqiu, Mechanism and geomechanical modes of landslide hazards triggered by Wenchuan 8.0 earthquake, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 28, 6, pp. 1239-1249, (2009); 
Huang, Runqiu, Analysis of the geo-hazards triggered by the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake, China, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 68, 3, pp. 363-371, (2009); 
Jing, Lanru, Formulation of discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA) - an implicit discrete element model for block systems, Engineering Geology, 49, 3-4, pp. 371-381, (1998); 
Ku, Chengyu, Modification of the DDA method for rigid block problems, International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 35, 6, pp. 683-693, (1998); 
Discontinuous Deformation Analysis A New Numerical Model for the Statics and Dynamics of Block Systems, (1988)
CONFERENCE NAME: 12th International Congress on Rock Mechanics of the International Society for Rock Mechanics, ISRM 2011
CONFERENCE DATE: 2011-10-18 through 2011-10-21
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Tang, C., Zhu, J., Chang, M., Ding, J., Qi, X.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Tang, Chuan (35932953300); Zhu, Jing (55704611000); Chang, Ming (36727157900); Ding, Jun (55463437900); Qi, Xin (35932814100)
35932953300; 55704611000; 36727157900; 55463437900; 35932814100
An empirical-statistical model for predicting debris-flow runout zones in the Wenchuan earthquake area
(2012) Quaternary International, 250, pp. 63 - 73, Cited 111 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.quaint.2010.11.020
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84856235676&doi=10.1016%2Fj.quaint.2010.11.020&partnerID=40&md5=c2c9215c5ff03f8190887446c0013255

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: Rainstorm-induced debris flows were remobilized from landslide debris triggered by the May 12, 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. The resulting debris flows had very high energy and transported large amounts of loose material. Their peak discharge reached levels several times normal, notably during the rainstorm-induced debris flows of September 24, 2008 in Beichuan County, in the Wenchuan earthquake area. This phenomenon was due to the presence of large amounts of loose material deposited by the earthquake-induced landslides in the debris-flow catchments. Therefore, errors will occur if existing debris-flow runout models are employed to assess the hazardous zones connected with debris flows in earthquake-affected areas. For this reason, it is necessary to establish an appropriate model to predict the possible debris-flow runout zones on the alluvial fans after the Wenchuan earthquake. Debris flows triggered by the September 24 rainstorm were selected and investigated using high-resolution aerial photography and SPOT5 imagery to extract a set of landslide deposit volumes in the debris-flow catchment areas and also the dimensions of the deposition fans. Applying multivariate regression analysis, a mathematical model was established to estimate the maximum runout distance and the width of the debris flows. The validation showed that the established model was suitable for the prediction of the debris-flow runout zones in the Wenchuan earthquake area. The results of the study will help authorities select safe sites for rehabilitation and relocation in the future and can also be used as an important basis for debris-flow risk management. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA.
INDEX KEYWORDS: aerial photography; alluvial fan; debris flow; empirical analysis; landslide; numerical model; peak discharge; prediction; rainstorm; regression analysis; Sichuan earthquake 2008; SPOT; statistical analysis; Beichuan; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Alexander, David E., Urban landslides, Progress in Physical Geography, 13, 2, pp. 157-189, (1989); 
Benda, Lee E., Predicting deposition of debris flows in mountain channels, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 27, 4, pp. 409-417, (1990); 
Benda, Lee E., Stochastic forcing of sediment routing and storage in channel networks, Water Resources Research, 33, 12, pp. 2865-2880, (1997); 
Benda, Lee E., Effects of post-wildfire erosion on channel environments, Boise River, Idaho, Forest Ecology and Management, 178, 1-2, pp. 105-119, (2003); 
Berti, Matteo, Prediction of debris flow inundation areas using empirical mobility relationships, Geomorphology, 90, 1-2, pp. 144-161, (2007); 
Debris Flow Hazards Mitigation Mechanics Prediction and Assessment, (2000); 
Bovis, Michael J., The role of debris supply conditions in predicting debris flow activity, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 24, 11, pp. 1039-1054, (1999); 
Proceedings of Conference Xx International Erosion Control Association, (1989); 
Cannon, Susan H., A mass-change model for the estimation of debris-flow runout, Journal of Geology, 96, 2, pp. 221-227, (1988); 
Costa, John E., Rheologic, geomorphic, and sedimentologic differentiation of water floods, hyperconcentrated flows, and debris flows, pp. 113-122, (1988)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Fan, X., Zhang, Y., Yang, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Fan, Xiaoyi (36668557800); Zhang, Youyi (37041038400); Yang, Jianrong (55293185400)
36668557800; 37041038400; 55293185400
Developmental characteristics and influence factors of landslides in wenchuan earthquake
(2012) Journal of Natural Disasters, 21 (1), pp. 128 - 134, Cited 19 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84863498918&partnerID=40&md5=7e4692a4e2ddcab787de69a515097ecd

AFFILIATIONS: School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, China; Sichuan Institute of Geological Engineering Investigation, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Wenchuan earthquake is the most serious natural disaster in China in the recent years. The earthquake induced a large number of landslides which brought about serious casualty and property loss. Based on the investigation and surveying of seismic landslides in Beichuan, Sichuan Province, the characteristics and influence factors of landslide development were studied. The purpose of this study is to provide a valuable theoretical basis for the reduction and prevention of the seismic landslide disaster. In this paper, the advantageous gradient extensions and the most favorable gradients of seismic landslides were studied. The results show that, the area-frequency distribution of the seismic landslides follows logarithmic distribution, which differs from the rainfall landslide which follows power distribution. The angle between the fault rupture direction and the landslide direction controls the distribution of frequency, gradient and area of the seismic landslides. When the landslide direction agrees with fault rupture direction, the proportion of landslide frequency and area are larger and the average gradient is smaller because of throwing out action under earthquake. When landslide direction is opposite to the fault rupture direction and the same with the fault incline direction, the proportion of landslide frequency and area are smaller and the average gradient is larger due to collision and crash in the earthquake.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Fault rupture direction; Gradient; Landslide area; Landslide direction; Seismic landslide
INDEX KEYWORDS: disaster management; fault; landslide; modeling; rupture; Sichuan earthquake 2008; Beichuan; China; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Xie, Heping, Wenchuan large earthquake and post-earthquake reconstruction-related geotechnical problems, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 27, 9, pp. 1781-1791, (2008); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2008); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2008); 
Guzzetti, Fausto, Landslide fatalities and the evaluation of landslide risk in Italy, Engineering Geology, 58, 2, pp. 89-107, (2000); 
Alexander, David E., Housing crisis after natural disaster: the aftermath of the November 1980 southern Italian earthquake, Geoforum, 15, 4, pp. 489-516, (1984); 
Theory and Practice of Landslide Alleviating Disaster M, (1997); 
Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control, (2006); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2002); 
Journal of Natural Disasters, (1997); 
Journal of Seismological Research, (2006)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Lu, X.B., Cui, P., Chen, X.Q., Hu, K.H., Zhu, Y.Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Lu, Xiaobing (55687417300); Cui, Peng (56706923500); Chen, Xiaoqing (55739112600); Hu, Kaiheng (55648903800); Zhu, Yingyan (10143158600)
55687417300; 56706923500; 55739112600; 55648903800; 10143158600
Evolution of shear zones using numerical analysis at the May 12th Wenchuan Earthquake Site, China
(2012) Environmental Earth Sciences, 65 (4), pp. 1029 - 1036, Cited 3 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s12665-011-1358-4
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84863032592&doi=10.1007%2Fs12665-011-1358-4&partnerID=40&md5=00a75101448580afcefc8cd0d9d7a3cb

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Mechanics, Institute of Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Landslides and collapses occurred during the May 12th earthquake in Wenchuan County. Most of these landslides and collapses were caused by shear bands. Shear band triggers instability on mountain slopes, resulting in debris flow, landslides, or collapse. According to experimental results, there was only one shear band forming in the soil layer prior to the initiation of debris flow under shear load, although several fine shear bands appeared. The development of shear bands in saturated soils is numerically investigated in this paper using the in situ soil from the Weijia Gully, Beichuan County. The evolution of shear banding from several finite amplitude disturbances (FADs) in pore pressure has been studied. The numerical analysis revealed that the FADs evolved into a fully developed shear band. It is shown that the shear banding process consists of two stages: inhomogeneous shearing and true shear banding. © 2011 Springer-Verlag.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Instability; Saturated soils; Shear bands; Simple shear
INDEX KEYWORDS: Debris flows; Finite amplitude disturbance; In-situ; Mountain slopes; Saturated soils; Shear banding; Shear loads; Shear zone; Simple shear; Soil layer; Two stage; Wenchuan Earthquake; Debris; Earthquakes; Landslides; Numerical analysis; Plasma stability; Shear bands; Soils; Shear flow; amplitude; collapse; debris flow; instability; landslide; numerical model; phreatic zone; shear band; shear zone; Sichuan earthquake 2008; trigger mechanism; China
REFERENCES: Aifantis, Elias C., The physics of plastic deformation, International Journal of Plasticity, 3, 3, pp. 211-247, (1987); 
Bai, Yilong, Thermo-plastic instability in simple shear, Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, 30, 4, pp. 195-207, (1982); 
Bauer, Erich, Investigations of shear banding in an anisotropic hypoplastic material, International Journal of Solids and Structures, 41, 21, pp. 5903-5919, (2004); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2009); 
Chinese Science Bulletin, (1992); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2008); 
Lade, Poul V., Instability and liquefaction of granular materials, Computers and Geotechnics, 16, 2, pp. 123-151, (1994); 
Lade, Poul V., Instability of granular materials with nonassociated flow, Journal of Engineering Mechanics - ASCE, 114, 12, pp. 2173-2191, (1989); 
Loret, Benjamin, Dynamic strain localization in fluidsaturated porous media, Journal of Engineering Mechanics - ASCE, 117, 4, pp. 907-922, (1991); 
Alshibli, Khalid Ahmed, Shear band formation in plane strain experiments of sand, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering - ASCE, 126, 6, pp. 495-503, (2000)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Xu, C., Xiwei, X., Dai, F., Xiao, J., Tan, X., Yuan, R.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Xu, Chong (35184309900); Xiwei, Xu (8246843900); Dai, Fuchu (7102055666); Xiao, Jianzhang (7402564381); Tan, Xinbin (35184143700); Yuan, Renmao (7202708506)
35184309900; 8246843900; 7102055666; 7402564381; 35184143700; 7202708506
Landslide hazard mapping using GIS and weight of evidence model in Qingshui River watershed of 2008 Wenchuan earthquake struck region
(2012) Journal of Earth Science, 23 (1), pp. 97 - 120, Cited 149 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s12583-012-0236-7
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84862907888&doi=10.1007%2Fs12583-012-0236-7&partnerID=40&md5=1b8e03e50c333a02a9484f42127b9978

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Active Tectonics and Volcano, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China; Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Tens of thousands of landslides were triggered by May 12, 2008 earthquake over a broad area. The main purpose of this article is to apply and verify earthquake-triggered landslide hazard analysis techniques by using weight of evidence modeling in Qingshui (Chinese source) River watershed, Deyang (Chinese source) City, Sichuan (Chinese source) Province, China. Two thousand three hundred and twenty-one landslides were interpreted in the study area from aerial photographs and multi-source remote sensing imageries post-earthquake, verified by field surveys. The landslide inventory in the study area was established. A spatial database, including landslides and associated controlling parameters that may have influence on the occurrence of landslides, was constructed from topographic maps, geological maps, and enhanced thematic mapper (ETM+) remote sensing imageries. The factors that influence landslide occurrence, such as slope angle, aspect, curvature, elevation, flow accumulation, distance from drainages, and distance from roads were calculated from the topographic maps. Lithology, distance from seismogenic fault, distance from all faults, and distance from stratigraphic boundaries were derived from the geological maps. Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was extracted from ETM+ images. Seismic intensity zoning was collected from Wenchuan (Chinese source) Ms8.0 Earthquake Intensity Distribution Map published by the China Earthquake Administration. Landslide hazard indices were calculated using the weight of evidence model, and landslide hazard maps were calculated from using different controlling parameters cases. The hazard map was compared with known landslide locations and verified. The success accuracy percentage of using all 13 controlling parameters was 71.82%. The resulting landslide hazard map showed five classes of landslide hazard, i. e., very high, high, moderate, low, and very low. The validation results showed satisfactory agreement between the hazard map and the existing landslides distribution data. The landslide hazard map can be used to identify and delineate unstable hazard-prone areas. It can also help planners to choose favorable locations for development schemes, such as infrastructural, buildings, road constructions, and environmental protection. © 2012 China University of Geosciences and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Geographic Information Systems (GIS); landslide hazard mapping; landslides; weight of evidence; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: accuracy assessment; database; GIS; landslide; mapping method; NDVI; numerical model; remote sensing; Sichuan earthquake 2008; spatial analysis; spatial data; watershed
REFERENCES: Aleotti, Pietro, Landslide hazard assessment: Summary review and new perspectives, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 58, 1, pp. 21-44, (1999); 
Alexander, David E., A brief survey of GIS in mass-movement studies, with reflections on theory and methods, Geomorphology, 94, 3-4, pp. 261-267, (2008); 
Anbalagan, Rathinam, Landslide hazard evaluation and zonation mapping in mountainous terrain, Engineering Geology, 32, 4, pp. 269-277, (1992); 
Arora, Manoj Kumar, An artificial neural network approach for landslide hazard zonation in the bhagirathi (ganga) valley, himalayas, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 25, 3, pp. 559-572, (2004); 
Geophysical Research Abstracts, (2008); 
Bai, Shibiao, GIS-Based and Data-Driven Bivariate Landslide-Susceptibility Mapping in the Three Gorges Area, China Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 40801212 and 49971064), the Foundation for China Geological Survey (No. 200316000035), the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China (No. 06KJB170063), Pedosphere, 19, 1, pp. 14-20, (2009); 
Landslide Hazard Mapping by Multivariate Statistics Comparison of Methods and Case Study in the Spanish Pyrenees, (2002); 
Computer Methods in the Geosciences, (1994); 
Brenning, Alexander, Spatial prediction models for landslide hazards: Review, comparison and evaluation, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 5, 6, pp. 853-862, (2005); 
Caniani, Donatella, Neural networks and landslide susceptibility: A case study of the urban area of Potenza, Natural Hazards, 45, 1, pp. 55-72, (2008)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Cui, P., Dang, C., Zhuang, J., You, Y., Chen, X.Q., Scott, K.M.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Cui, Peng (56706923500); Dang, Chao (18433637500); Zhuang, Jianqi (26538426500); You, Yong (35811595800); Chen, Xiaoqing (55739112600); Scott, Kevin M. (7402393460)
56706923500; 18433637500; 26538426500; 35811595800; 55739112600; 7402393460
Landslide-dammed lake at Tangjiashan, Sichuan province, China (triggered by the Wenchuan Earthquake, May 12, 2008): Risk assessment, mitigation strategy, and lessons learned
(2012) Environmental Earth Sciences, 65 (4), pp. 1055 - 1065, Cited 84 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s12665-010-0749-2
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84856364294&doi=10.1007%2Fs12665-010-0749-2&partnerID=40&md5=b8b0a4bd19aacc4fe482816171e3d902

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; U.S. Department of the Interior, United States Geological Survey, Reston, VA, United States
ABSTRACT: Landslides and rock avalanches triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake produced 257 landslide dams, mainly situated along the eastern boundary of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau where rivers descend approximately 3,000 m into the Sichuan Basin. The largest of these dams blocked the Tongkou River (a tributary of the Fujiang River) at Tangjiashan. The blockage, consisting of 2. 04 × 10 7 m 3 of landslide debris, impounded a lake with a projected maximum volume of 3. 15 × 10 8 m 3, potentially inundating 8. 92 km 2 of terrain. Its creation during the rainy season and the possibility of an uncontrolled release posed a serious, impending threat to at least 1. 3 million people downstream that could add substantially to the total of 69,200 individuals directly killed by the earthquake. Risk assessment of the blockage indicated that it was unlikely to collapse suddenly, and that eventual overtopping could be mitigated by notching the structure in order to create an engineered breach and achieve safe drainage of the lake. In addition to the installation of monitoring and warning instrumentation, for emergency planning we estimated several outburst scenarios equivalent to 20, 25, 33, and 50% of the dam failing suddenly, creating, respectively, 3. 35, 3. 84, 4. 22, and 4. 65 km 2 of flooded area, and overbank water depths of 4. 6, 5. 1, 5. 7, and 6. 2 m, respectively, in Mianyang, the second largest city in Sichuan Province, 48 km downstream from the blockage. Based on these scenarios, recommendations and plans for excavating a sluiceway, draining the lake, and downstream evacuation were proposed and later were implemented successfully, with the blockage breached by overtopping on June 10, less than a month after dam emplacement. The peak discharge of the release only slightly exceeded the flood of record at Mianyang City. No lives were lost, and significant property damage was avoided. Post-breaching evaluation reveals how future similar mitigation can be improved. Although initial breach erosion was slow, later erosion was judged uncontrollably rapid; increased slope of the engineered channel and adoption of a compound, trapezoid-triangular cross-section can be considered, as can other measures to control the rate of breach incision. Evacuees from Mianyang City spent an unnecessarily long time (12 days) in temporary settlements; more precise risk management planning can reduce this time in the future. © 2010 Springer-Verlag.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Disaster mitigation; Flood outburst; Landslide-dammed lake; Risk assessment; Tangjiashan; Wenchuan Earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Breach erosion; Disaster mitigation; Emergency planning; Flooded areas; Landslide dam; Management planning; Mitigation strategy; Peak discharge; Property damage; Qinghai Tibet plateau; Rainy seasons; Rock avalanche; Sichuan Basin; Sichuan province; Tangjiashan; Water depth; Wenchuan Earthquake; Dams; Debris; Earthquakes; Erosion; Floods; Lakes; Landslides; Rating; Risk management; Rivers; Risk assessment; debris flow; disaster management; drainage; earthquake magnitude; flooding; hazard assessment; impoundment; lake level; landslide; overbank flow; overtopping; risk assessment; rock avalanche; Sichuan earthquake 2008; China; Sichuan; Tangjiashan Lake
REFERENCES: Journal of Mountain Science, (2000); 
Yangtze River, (2008); 
China Power, (2008); 
Floods from Dam Failures, (1985); 
Costa, John E., FORMATION AND FAILURE OF NATURAL DAMS., Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 100, 7, pp. 1054-1068, (1988); 
Cui, Peng, The 12 May Wenchuan earthquake-induced landslide lakes: Distribution and preliminary risk evaluation, Landslides, 6, 3, pp. 209-223, (2009); 
Dai, Fuchu, The 1786 earthquake-triggered landslide dam and subsequent dam-break flood on the Dadu River, southwestern China - Reply: A short reply to discussion by Chanson. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved, Geomorphology, 73, 3-4, pp. 277-278, (2006); 
Ermini, Leonardo, Prediction of the behaviour of landslide dams using a geomorphological dimensionless index, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 28, 1, pp. 31-47, (2003); 
Fread, Danny L., The development and testing of a dam-break flood forecasting model., pp. 164-197, (1977); 
Second Conference on Flash Floods, (1980)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Chen, X., Cui, P., You, Y., Liu, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Chen, Xingzhang (25623240400); Cui, Peng (56706923500); You, Yong (35811595800); Liu, Jinfeng (59454532200)
25623240400; 56706923500; 35811595800; 59454532200
Post-earthquake changes and prediction of debris flow scales in Subao River Valley, Beichuan County, Sichuan Province, China
(2012) Environmental Earth Sciences, 65 (4), pp. 995 - 1003, Cited 12 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s12665-011-0949-4
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84856357020&doi=10.1007%2Fs12665-011-0949-4&partnerID=40&md5=00a6e99cc666a14b7ca77bbc9f75be07

AFFILIATIONS: School of Environment and Resource, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Subao River lies along the Beichuan-Yingxiu fault in Beichuan County, which has been heavily impacted by the Wenchuan earthquake on 12 May 2008 and has become sources of many geo-hazards. On 24 September 2008, a rainstorm triggered a large debris flow in the catchment, causing several deaths and significant damages. A case study on changes of the debris flow was conducted in the river. The peak discharges were calculated in the Guanmenzi, Huangnidi, and Daanshan gullies. Results indicated that the peak discharges corresponded to various return periods in different gullies: 200 years in Daanshan, 100 years in Huangnidi, and 50 years in Guanmenzi. However, the triggering precipitation in these three gullies was only of a 20-year return period. The debris flows had undergone significant changes. Analysis indicated that the changes should be ascribed to the flow characteristics, initiation conditions, and the channel blockage impacted by the rapid accumulation of loose material. Channel blockage was the principal factor increasing the scale of the debris flow. The values on the blocking coefficient were presented based on density, height, and other characteristics of dams. Finally, all of the peak debris flow discharges of the Subao River Valley for a 20-year return period were calculated using the recommended blocking coefficient values. © 2011 Springer-Verlag.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Blocking coefficient; Debris flow; Peak discharge; Subao River; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Blocking coefficient; Coefficient values; Debris flow; Debris flow scale; Debris flows; Flow characteristic; Loose materials; Peak discharge; Principal factors; Return periods; River valley; Sichuan province; Wenchuan Earthquake; Catchments; Earthquakes; Rivers; Storms; Debris; channel flow; debris flow; hazard assessment; peak discharge; prediction; rainstorm; return period; Sichuan earthquake 2008; storm damage; valley; Beichuan; China; Sichuan; Subao Valley
REFERENCES: Chen, Shefa, Emplacement of the Longmen Shan Thrust-Nappe Belt along the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, Journal of Structural Geology, 18, 4, pp. 413-430, (1996); 
Earth Science Frontiers, (2008); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2008); 
Cui, Peng, The Wenchuan Earthquake (May 12, 2008), Sichuan Province, China, and resulting geohazards, Natural Hazards, 56, 1, pp. 19-36, (2011); 
Densmore, Alexander Logan, Active tectonics of the Beichuan and Pengguan faults at the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, Tectonics, 26, 4, (2007); 
Movement Mechanism and Disaster Control for Debris Flow, (2004); 
Huang, Runqiu, Research on development and distribution rules of geohazards induced by Wenchuan earthquake on 12th May, 2008, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 27, 12, pp. 2585-2592, (2008); 
Geological Review, (2008); 
Lin, Maobing, The huge Wenchuan earthquake and Longmen tectonic belt, Journal of Chengdu University of Technology (Science and Technology Edition), 35, 4, pp. 366-370, (2008); 
Lin, Ching-Wee Weei, Impact of Chi-Chi earthquake on the occurrence of landslides and debris flows: Example from the Chenyulan River watershed, Nantou, Taiwan, Engineering Geology, 71, 1-2, pp. 49-61, (2004)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Xu, M., Wang, Z., Qi, L., Liu, L., Zhang, K.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Xu, Mengzhen (34979414300); Wang, Zhaoyin (35486457100); Qi, Lijian (36731396800); Liu, Le (55817667300); Zhang, Kang (55303287600)
34979414300; 35486457100; 36731396800; 55817667300; 55303287600
Disaster chains initiated by the Wenchuan earthquake
(2012) Environmental Earth Sciences, 65 (4), pp. 975 - 985, Cited 37 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s12665-011-0905-3
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84856354901&doi=10.1007%2Fs12665-011-0905-3&partnerID=40&md5=282b5f6193314277ea68f07ba3108c82

AFFILIATIONS: Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: The Wenchuan earthquake caused numerous landslides and avalanches, which initiated causal chains of geological and ecological disasters. Field investigations and field experiments were performed in the earthquake area in 2008 and 2009 to study the disaster chains. Four types of disaster chains have been identified and seven cases have been studied. In the disaster chains, each episode was caused by the previous episode, or the causal episode. In the first chain, landslide created a quake lake, which was followed by landslide dam failure flood and very intensive fluvial process. The last episode of the chain was loss of habitats and destruction of aquatic biocommunities. The Tangjiashan and Huoshigou landslides initiated such a type of disaster chain. The second chain consisted of landslide, drainage system burying, debris flows, and development of new drainage system and intensive fluvial process. The Wenjiagou landslide initiated such a type of disaster chain. The third chain consisted of avalanches, grain erosion (unusual erosion of bare rocks due to insolation and temperature change), slope debris flows, and flying stones. Many such disaster chain events occurred on the mountains by the Minjiang River section from Yingxiu to Wenchuan. The fourth chain has only two episodes: avalanches during the earthquake occurring on elevation between 100 and 800 m from the riverbed, and rock falls or new avalanches due to increased slope angle of high mountains (400-1,500 m from the riverbed). The Chediguan bridge was broken by such avalanches in July 2009, in which six were killed and more than 20 were injured. For all the disaster chains, the volume of mass movement in each episode was much less than the causal episode (previous episode). In other words, there was an attenuation along the causal chains. The attenuation factor is defined as the ratio of the volume of mass movement or affected area in one episode of a chain to the volume or affected area in the causal episode. The study concluded that the attenuation factor ranges from 0. 02 to 0. 3. Macroinvertebrates were used as indicator species to evaluate the ecological effect of the disaster chains. The number of species was greatly reduced by the causal chains, although the river section was not directly affected by landslides. © 2011 Springer-Verlag.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Attenuation factor; Debris flow; Disaster chain; Mass movement; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Affected area; Attenuation factors; Causal chains; Debris flow; Debris flows; Drainage systems; Ecological effect; Field experiment; Field investigation; Fluvial process; High mountains; Indicator species; Landslide dam; Macroinvertebrates; Mass movement; Minjiang River; Number of species; River section; Rockfalls; Slope angles; Temperature changes; Wenchuan Earthquake; Debris; Disasters; Drainage; Ecology; Erosion; Landslides; Rock bursts; Earthquakes; aquatic community; avalanche; bridge; community dynamics; dam failure; debris flow; drainage; earthquake damage; ecological impact; environmental disturbance; environmental indicator; erosion; field survey; flooding; habitat loss; hazard assessment; landslide; macroinvertebrate; mortality; Sichuan earthquake 2008; species diversity; China; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Cui, Peng, The Wenchuan Earthquake (May 12, 2008), Sichuan Province, China, and resulting geohazards, Natural Hazards, 56, 1, pp. 19-36, (2011); 
Cui, Peng, The 12 May Wenchuan earthquake-induced landslide lakes: Distribution and preliminary risk evaluation, Landslides, 6, 3, pp. 209-223, (2009); 
Duan, Xuehua, Effect of streambed sediment on benthic ecology, International Journal of Sediment Research, 24, 3, pp. 325-338, (2009); 
Hsu, Yingsung, Impact of earthquake-induced dammed lakes on channel evolution and bed mobility: Case study of the Tsaoling landslide dammed lake, Journal of Hydrology, 374, 1-2, pp. 43-55, (2009); 
Karr, James R., Defining and measuring river health, Freshwater Biology, 41, 2, pp. 221-234, (1999); 
Koi, Takashi, Prolonged impact of earthquake-induced landslides on sediment yield in a mountain watershed: The Tanzawa region, Japan, Geomorphology, 101, 4, pp. 692-702, (2008); 
Lin, Ching-Wee Weei, Impact of Chi-Chi earthquake on the occurrence of landslides and debris flows: Example from the Chenyulan River watershed, Nantou, Taiwan, Engineering Geology, 71, 1-2, pp. 49-61, (2004); 
Lin, Wentzu, Eco-environmental changes assessment at the Chiufenershan landslide area caused by catastrophic earthquake in Central Taiwan, Ecological Engineering, 33, 3-4, pp. 220-232, (2008); 
Malamud, Bruce D., Landslides, earthquakes, and erosion, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 229, 1-2, pp. 45-59, (2004); 
Matsuoka, N., Frost weathering and rockwall erosion in the southeastern Swiss Alps: Long-term (1994-2006) observations, Geomorphology, 99, 1-4, pp. 353-368, (2008)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Li, X., He, S., Luo, Y., Wu, Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Li, Xinpo (56106503000); He, Siming (55978326000); Luo, Yu (55712604600); Wu, Yong (35786710400)
56106503000; 55978326000; 55712604600; 35786710400
Simulation of the sliding process of Donghekou landslide triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake using a distinct element method
(2012) Environmental Earth Sciences, 65 (4), pp. 1049 - 1054, Cited 62 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s12665-011-0953-8
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84856353428&doi=10.1007%2Fs12665-011-0953-8&partnerID=40&md5=0515146dcdaa89570327d68fa0f356b8

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; 4th Section, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: In the village of Donghekou (in Qingchuan County, Sichuan Province, China), a major landslide was triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake in 2008 with more than 10 × 10 6 m 3 of rock displaced. The kinematic behavior of this landslide is simulated using a 2D discrete element model. The numerical model used in this work is composed of discs bonded together. The initial boundary conditions are applied along the ball-wall contacts by using an initial velocity estimated from the strong motion data. The constraints are mainly issued from the final geometry of the landslide including its capacity to dam the river. The modeling thus indicates that a low friction coefficient (about 0. 1) is required to account for the actual landslide characteristics. The runout behaviors are analyzed and some useful conclusions are drawn. © 2011 Springer-Verlag.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Failure behavior; Numerical modeling; Particle flow code; Rock slopes
INDEX KEYWORDS: Discrete element models; Distinct element methods; Failure behaviors; Initial velocities; Low friction coefficients; Numerical modeling; Numerical models; Particle flow code; Rock slopes; Sichuan province; Sliding process; Strong motion datum; Wenchuan Earthquake; Computer simulation; Earthquakes; Friction; Numerical methods; Landslides; boundary condition; displacement; distinct element method; friction; kinematics; landslide; numerical model; rockfall; Sichuan earthquake 2008; sliding; slope failure; strong motion; two-dimensional modeling; velocity profile; China; Donghekou; Qingchuan; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Chen, H., Numerical simulation of debris flows, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 37, 1, pp. 146-160, (2000); 
Chen, Hong, A dynamic model for rainfall-induced landslides on natural slopes, Geomorphology, 51, 4, pp. 269-288, (2003); 
Crosta, Giovanni Battista, Regionalization of rainfall thresholds: An aid to landslide hazard evaluation, Environmental Geology, 35, 2-3, pp. 131-145, (1998); 
Crosta, Giovanni Battista, Numerical modelling of large landslides stability and runout, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 3, 6, pp. 523-538, (2003); 
Cui, Peng, The Wenchuan Earthquake (May 12, 2008), Sichuan Province, China, and resulting geohazards, Natural Hazards, 56, 1, pp. 19-36, (2011); 
Cundall, Peter A., A discrete numerical model for granular assemblies, Geotechnique, 29, 1, pp. 47-65, (1979); 
Bergsturz Und Menschenleben, (1932); 
Huang, Runqiu, Mechanism and geomechanical modes of landslide hazards triggered by Wenchuan 8.0 earthquake, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 28, 6, pp. 1239-1249, (2009); 
Huang, Runqiu, Analysis of the geo-hazards triggered by the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake, China, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 68, 3, pp. 363-371, (2009); 
Pfc2d Particle Flow Code in 2 Dimensions, (2002)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

You, Y., Liu, J., Chen, X., Pan, H.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: You, Yong (35811595800); Liu, Jinfeng (59454532200); Chen, Xingzhang (25623240400); Pan, Huali (23493786200)
35811595800; 59454532200; 25623240400; 23493786200
Debris flow formation conditions and optimal characteristics of drainage canal following Wenchuan earthquake
(2012) Environmental Earth Sciences, 65 (4), pp. 1005 - 1012, Cited 10 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s12665-011-1024-x
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84856335433&doi=10.1007%2Fs12665-011-1024-x&partnerID=40&md5=02b3c2de11d335823a3d78e8e3d50608

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; School of Environment and Resource, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: The debris flow formation conditions changed after the Wenchuan earthquake. For studying the optimal characteristics of the drainage canal under the changed formation conditions, the Zhangjia gully in Beichuan County, a typical debris flow gully, was selected as the study area. Two debris flow events occurred on September 24, 2008 and July 17, 2009, respectively, which threatened the safety of the inhabitants and destroyed the properties and transportation routes on the alluvial fan. Huge amounts of solid loose materials triggered by the earthquake and the effective antecedent precipitation were responsible for the debris flow occurrence. For eliminating the damage caused by debris flows, the construction of a drainage canal on the alluvial fan became necessary. A design method for the optimal cross-section characteristics of a debris flow drainage canal is discussed in this paper. Using the standard measurements for the depth (h) and the width (b), the cross-section size parameter (F) and the cross-section configuration parameter (M) under optimal hydraulic conditions are defined and deduced. Subsequently, formulas for calculating the cross-section measurements are deduced under optimal hydraulic conditions when peak discharge (Q), grain composition (D <inf>50</inf> and D <inf>10</inf>), and longitudinal slope (I) are known. Finally, this method is applied for the cross-section design of the debris flow drainage canal in Zhangjia gully. © 2011 Springer-Verlag.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flow hazards; Drainage canal; Optimal characteristics; Wenchuan earthquake; Zhangjia gully
INDEX KEYWORDS: Debris flow hazards; Drainage canal; Optimal characteristics; Wenchuan Earthquake; Zhangjia gully; Debris; Drainage; Earthquakes; Hydraulic structures; Structural optimization; Transportation routes; Canals; alluvial fan; canal; cross section; damage; debris flow; discharge; drainage network; earthquake engineering; fluvial geomorphology; gully; parameterization; Sichuan earthquake 2008; Beichuan; China; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Earth Science Frontiers, (2008); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2008); 
Cui, Peng, The Wenchuan Earthquake (May 12, 2008), Sichuan Province, China, and resulting geohazards, Natural Hazards, 56, 1, pp. 19-36, (2011); 
Movement Mechanism and Disaster Control for Debris Flow, (2004); 
Chin J Geol Hazard Control, (1996); 
Liu, Jinfeng, Identification of potential sites of debris flows in the upper Min River drainage, following environmental changes caused by the Wenchuan earthquake, Journal of Mountain Science, 7, 3, pp. 255-263, (2010); 
Bull Geol Soc Am, (2001); 
Prevention Engineering Technology of Debris Flow, (1996); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2025); 
Journal of Sediment Research, (2014)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wang, Z., Cui, P., Yu, G., Zhang, K.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wang, Zhaoyin (35486457100); Cui, Peng (56706923500); Yu, Guo'an (21935331700); Zhang, Kang (55303287600)
35486457100; 56706923500; 21935331700; 55303287600
Stability of landslide dams and development of knickpoints
(2012) Environmental Earth Sciences, 65 (4), pp. 1067 - 1080, Cited 50 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s12665-010-0863-1
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84856334479&doi=10.1007%2Fs12665-010-0863-1&partnerID=40&md5=8099144955dcf1730e0f1142aad23c5c

AFFILIATIONS: Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and EnvironmentChinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: The Wenchuan earthquake triggered many landslides and numerous avalanches and created 100 odd quake lakes. The quake lakes may be removed or preserved. The removal strategy was applied to several large landslide dams, which were dangerous because massive amounts of water pooled up in the quake lakes. The dams could eventually fail under the action of dam outburst flooding, potentially endangering the lives of people in the downstream reaches. This paper studied the stability of landslide dams and the development of knickpoints by field investigations and experiments, and analyzing satellite images. The study concluded that if landslide dams were preserved, they would develop into knickpoints and act as a primary control of riverbed incision and, thus, reduce the potential of new landslide. The stability of landslide dams depends mainly on the development of the step-pool system and stream power of the flood flow. If a landslide dam consists of many boulders, a step-pool system may develop on the spillway channel of the dam, which would maximize the resistance, consume most of the flow energy and consequently protect the dam from incision. The development degree of the step-pool system is represented by a parameter S <inf>p</inf>, which was measured with a specially designed instrument. A preservation ratio of landslide dams is defined as the ratio of preserved height after flood scouring to the original height of the dam. For streams with peak flood discharge lower than 30 m 3/s, the preservation ratio is linearly proportional to S <inf>p</inf>. For rivers with a peak flood discharge higher than 30 m 3/s (30-30,000 m 3/s), the minimum S <inf>p</inf> value for stable channel increases with log p, in which p is the unit stream power. For a landslide dam with a poorly developed step-pool system, S <inf>p</inf> is smaller than the minimum value and the outburst flood incises the spillway channel and causes failure of the dam. For preserved landslide dams, sediment deposits in the quake lakes. A landslide dam may develop into a knickpoint if it is stabilized by long-term action of the flow. Large knickpoints can totally change the fluvial processes and river morphology. Uplift of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau has caused extensive channel bed incision along almost all rivers. For many rivers, the incision has been partly controlled by knickpoints. Upstream reaches of a knickpoint have a new and unchanging base level. This brings about a transition from degradation to aggradation and from vertical bed evolution to horizontal fluvial process. Multiple and unstable channels are prominent in the reaches, upstream of the knickpoints. If hundreds of landslide dams occurred simultaneously on a reach of a mountain river, the potential energy of bank failure and the slope erosion would be greatly reduced and sediment yield from the watershed may be reduced to nearly zero. The quake lakes may be preserved long term and become beautiful landscapes. Streams with long-term unfilled quake lakes have good aquatic ecology. © 2010 Springer-Verlag.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Knickpoint; Landslide dams; Riverbed incision; Step-pool system; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Knickpoint; Landslide dams; Riverbed incision; Step-pool system; Wenchuan Earthquake; Anoxic sediments; Dams; Earthquakes; Ecology; Lakes; Landslides; Sedimentology; Spillways; Rivers; avalanche; boulder; erosion; flooding; fluvial geomorphology; landslide; river bed; satellite imagery; sediment yield; Sichuan earthquake 2008; slope failure; spillway; tailings dam; watershed; China
REFERENCES: Becker, Julia S., Response to landslide dam failure emergencies: Issues resulting from the October 1999 Mount Adams landslide and dam-break flood in the Poerua River, Westland, New Zealand, Natural Hazards Review, 8, 2, pp. 35-42, (2007); 
Costa, John E., FORMATION AND FAILURE OF NATURAL DAMS., Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 100, 7, pp. 1054-1068, (1988); 
Michael J. Crozier, Michael J., Geomorphic events and landform response in south-eastern Taranaki, New Zealand, Catena, 18, 5, pp. 471-487, (1991); 
Dong, J. J., Discriminant analysis of the geomorphic characteristics and stability of landslide dams, Geomorphology, 110, 3-4, pp. 162-171, (2009); 
IV International Symposium on Landslides Toronto Proceedings, (1984); 
Geertsema, Marten, Influence of landslides on biophysical diversity - A perspective from British Columbia, Geomorphology, 89, 1-2 SPEC. ISS., pp. 55-69, (2007); 
Earthquake Induced Landsliding in New Zealand and Implications for mm Intensity and Seismic Hazard Assessment, (1997); 
Harkins, Nathan W., Transient fluvial incision in the headwaters of the Yellow River, northeastern Tibet, China, Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 112, 3, (2007); 
Engineering in Hazardous Terrain, (2001); 
Landslides from Massive Rock Slope Failure, (2006)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Chen, X.Q., Li, Y., Gao, Q., Jia, S.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Chen, Xiaoqing (55739112600); Li, Yong (56044366400); Gao, Quan (59591715500); Jia, Shitao (39761820000)
55739112600; 56044366400; 59591715500; 39761820000
Distribution characteristics of Geo-hazards in Ganxi Valley after the Wenchuan earthquake
(2012) Environmental Earth Sciences, 65 (4), pp. 965 - 973, Cited 7 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s12665-011-1018-8
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84856322450&doi=10.1007%2Fs12665-011-1018-8&partnerID=40&md5=07fc03497d10023d1d670cc8c06fd53f

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; School of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: A devastating earthquake of Ms 8. 0 struck the Wenchuan area on May 12, 2008. The quake triggered numerous landslides and avalanches in Ganxi Valley. Aerial photo interpretation indicates that the landslides and avalanches, presently in a stable state, are concentrated in 91 subregions of the valley, occupying 10. 42 km 2, about 29% of the valley area. Some laws have been found on the gradient, aspect, elevation, distance of rupture, and formation lithology of geo-hazards in Ganxi Valley: (1) They are mainly situated on slopes between 30° and 50° and increase in number with increasing slope; (2) Failures are mainly in a southerly direction; and most occurred between 1,000 and 1,600 m, especially between 1,000 and 1,400 m; (3) Most are within 2,000 m of the Beichuan fault or within 1,000 m of other major faults; (4) most failures occurred from the T <inf>1</inf>f + t formation in the study area. The geo-hazards status quo of Ganxi Valley provides foundation for the scheme of hazard reducing in the future. © 2011 Springer-Verlag.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Characteristics; Distribution; Geohazard; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Aerial photo interpretation; Characteristics; Distribution; Distribution characteristics; Geohazard; Stable state; Study areas; Wenchuan Earthquake; Hazards; Landforms; Landslides; Lithology; Earthquakes; aerial photograph; avalanche; earthquake magnitude; earthquake rupture; failure analysis; fault; geographical distribution; hazard assessment; landslide; lithology; Sichuan earthquake 2008; slope dynamics; valley; China; Ganxi Valley; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Chacón, José, Engineering geology maps: Landslides and geographical information systems, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 65, 4, pp. 341-411, (2006); 
Chigira, Masahiro, Geological and geomorphological characteristics of landslides triggered by the 2004 Mid Niigta prefecture earthquake in Japan, Engineering Geology, 82, 4, pp. 202-221, (2006); 
Cui, Peng, The Wenchuan Earthquake (May 12, 2008), Sichuan Province, China, and resulting geohazards, Natural Hazards, 56, 1, pp. 19-36, (2011); 
Gallousi, Christina, Quantifying geomorphic evolution of earthquake-triggered landslides and their relation to active normal faults. An example from the Gulf of Corinth, Greece, Tectonophysics, 440, 1-4, pp. 85-104, (2007); 
Huang, Runqiu, Research on development and distribution rules of geohazards induced by Wenchuan earthquake on 12th May, 2008, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 27, 12, pp. 2585-2592, (2008); 
Huang, Runqiu, Analysis of the geo-hazards triggered by the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake, China, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 68, 3, pp. 363-371, (2009); 
Assessment of Landslide Hazards in Kaluani and Maakua Gulches, (1999); 
Jibson, Randall W., A method for producing digital probabilistic seismic landslide hazard maps, Engineering Geology, 58, 3-4, pp. 271-289, (2000); 
Geological Review, (2008); 
Keefer, David K., LANDSLIDES CAUSED BY EARTHQUAKES., Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 95, 4, pp. 406-421, (1984)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zhang, J., Cui, P., Ge, Y., Xiang, L.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhang, Jianqiang (35212366900); Cui, Peng (56706923500); Ge, Yonggang (26039083000); Xiang, Lingzhi (36195988600)
35212366900; 56706923500; 26039083000; 36195988600
Susceptibility and risk assessment of earthquake-induced landslides based on Landslide Response Units in the Subao River basin, China
(2012) Environmental Earth Sciences, 65 (4), pp. 1037 - 1047, Cited 4 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s12665-011-1002-3
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84856321998&doi=10.1007%2Fs12665-011-1002-3&partnerID=40&md5=ab92971641fad576d5e3f8ca98043b96

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Generally, pixels are the basic unit for assessment of landslide susceptibility. However, even if the results facilitate the comparison, a pixel-based analysis does not clearly illustrate the distribution relationships. To eliminate this deficiency, the concept of the Landslide Response Unit (LRU) is proposed in this study, for which adjacent pixels that have similar properties are combined as a basic unit for susceptibility assessment. The Subao River basin, seriously impacted by the Wenchuan Earthquake, was selected as the study area, and three factors including slope gradient, slope aspect, and slope shape, which have a significant impact on landslides, were chosen to divide the basin into 25,984 LRUs. Then topographic, geologic, and distance factors were applied for the landslide susceptibility evaluation. The logistic regression method was used to establish the susceptibility assessing model by analyzing 2,000 susceptible LRUs and 2,000 un-susceptible LRUs. The model accuracy was defined in terms of the ROC curve value and the κ value, 0. 531 and 0. 84, respectively. The susceptibility of landslides was divided into low, moderate, high, and very high in Subao River basin, and 73% of historical landslides and all four new landslides are in the highly susceptible zone and very highly susceptible zones. Finally, the LRUs with houses, farmlands, and roads prone to sliding and burial hazard were assessed separately. On the basis of considering the potential movement directions of the LRUs, the result found that 1,001 and 835 LRUs probably would be destroyed by slope sliding and landslide burial, respectively. © 2011 Springer-Verlag.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Landslide Response Unit; Landslide susceptibility; Logistic regression; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Adjacent pixels; Assessing model; Landslide susceptibility; Logistic regression; Logistic regression method; Model accuracy; River basins; ROC curves; Significant impacts; Slope aspect; Slope gradients; Study areas; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes; Pixels; Rating; Regression analysis; Risk assessment; Rivers; Watersheds; Landslides; accuracy assessment; geomorphological response; hazard assessment; landslide; numerical model; pixel; regression analysis; risk assessment; river basin; Sichuan earthquake 2008; sliding; slope dynamics; China; Sichuan; Subao Basin
REFERENCES: Bathrellos, George D., GIS-based landslide susceptibility mapping models applied to natural and urban planning in Trikala, central Greece, Estudios Geologicos, 65, 1, pp. 49-65, (2009); 
Bommer, Julian J., The El Salvador earthquakes of January and February 2001: Context, characteristics and implications for seismic risk, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 22, 5, pp. 389-418, (2002); 
Çan, Tolga, Susceptibility assessments of shallow earthflows triggered by heavy rainfall at three catchments by logistic regression analyses, Geomorphology, 72, 1-4, pp. 250-271, (2005); 
Landslide Hazard Map for the Upper Tiber River Basin, (2002); 
Geographical Information Systems in Assessing Natural Hazards, (1995); 
Chung, Chungjo F., Probabilistic prediction models for landslide hazard mapping, Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, 65, 12, pp. 1389-1399, (1999); 
Cohen, Jacob, A Coefficient of Agreement for Nominal Scales, Educational and Psychological Measurement, 20, 1, pp. 37-46, (1960); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2008); 
Cui, Peng, The Wenchuan Earthquake (May 12, 2008), Sichuan Province, China, and resulting geohazards, Natural Hazards, 56, 1, pp. 19-36, (2011); 
Das, Iswar Chandra, Landslide susceptibility assessment using logistic regression and its comparison with a rock mass classification system, along a road section in the northern Himalayas (India), Geomorphology, 114, 4, pp. 627-637, (2010)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wu, S.R., Shi, J.S., Wang, H.B.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wu, Shuren (15744734100); Shi, Jusong (7404495701); Wang, Huabin (57191848944)
15744734100; 7404495701; 57191848944
Analysis of activity intensity for landslides triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan Province, China
(2012) Environmental Earth Sciences, 65 (4), pp. 1021 - 1028, Cited 7 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s12665-011-0952-9
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84856315014&doi=10.1007%2Fs12665-011-0952-9&partnerID=40&md5=b1e65871b48ccc6260f35a440de9737d

AFFILIATIONS: Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China; Geomechanics Institute of China Geological Sciences, Beijing, China; School of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Control Structure, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
ABSTRACT: Activity intensity for swarms of landslides is a key issue in geohazard predictions and assessment at a regional scale. From reviewed literatures, little work has been carried out on the description of activity intensity and its evaluation indicator system. On May, 12, 2008, the great Wenchuan earthquake triggered numerous landslides and debris flows. To evaluate the activity intensity of coseismic landslides, a variety of regional slides, debris flows and rock falls was investigated concerning the geological characteristics, damage to property, and life loss. After the interpretation using high-resolution imagery to map landslide inventories, they were statistically analyzed within the scope of Geographical Information Systems, noting areal density. The maximum areal density was thus obtained for seismically triggered landslides. Combined analyses in these areas show that the maximum value of areal density can be described as the activity intensity of regional landslides. The activity intensity can be categorized into eight levels from zero to seven in terms of areal density of landslides. It was noted that the activity intensity for landslides in the area hit by Wenchuan earthquake was classified into Level 7, illustrating that this area was extremely damaged by these coseismic geohazards. Following this classification, the center of the highest intensity was located on the banks of the Minjiang River near the epicenter of the earthquake, and in the vicinity of a seismic fault at Hanwang Town of Mianzhu City. Meanwhile, the banks of the Jian River and the northeast river at Nanba Town in Pingwu County were classified into Level 6. It was significantly shown that the activity intensity obviously weakens from the boundary of a coseismic fault zone to its interior. Finally, causes of triggering large numbers of landslides were interpreted, and their regional distribution was analyzed for the earthquake event. © 2011 Springer-Verlag.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Activity intensity; Earthquake-triggered landslide; Indicator of geohazard; Maximum areal density; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Areal densities; Combined analysis; Debris flows; Earthquake events; Fault zone; Geographical Information System; Geohazards; Geological characteristics; High resolution imagery; ITS evaluation; Maximum values; Minjiang River; Regional distribution; Regional scale; Rockfalls; Seismic faults; Sichuan province; Wenchuan Earthquake; Debris; Geographic information systems; Landslides; Rivers; Rock bursts; Earthquakes; coseismic process; debris flow; earthquake damage; earthquake epicenter; fault zone; GIS; hazard assessment; landslide; literature review; prediction; rockfall; Sichuan earthquake 2008; socioeconomic impact; China; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Landslide News, (1991); 
Cardinali, Mauro, A geomorphological approach to the estimation of landslide hazards and risks in Umbria, Central Italy, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 2, 1-2, pp. 57-72, (2002); 
Deschamps, Anne E., The Campania-Lucania (southern Italy) earthquake of 23 November 1980, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 62, 2, pp. 296-304, (1983); 
Investigation of Sediment Erosion Induced by the May 12 Wenchuan Earthquake, (2008); 
Earthquake Spectra, (1995); 
Harp, Edwin L., Landslides triggered by the 1994 Northridge, California, earthquake, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 86, 1 SUPPL. B, pp. S319-S332, (1996); 
Analysis on the Distribution of Secondary Geological Hazards Induced by the Wenchuan Earthquake and Its Impacts on Reconstruction, (2008); 
International Workshop on Annual Commemoration of Chi Chi Earthquake, (2000); 
Landslide Risk Assessment, (1997); 
Lin, Ching-Wee Weei, Impacts of the Chi-Chi earthquake on subsequent rainfall-induced landslides in central Taiwan, Engineering Geology, 86, 2-3, pp. 87-101, (2006)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wang, Z., Qi, L., Wang, X.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wang, Zhaoyin (35486457100); Qi, Lijian (36731396800); Wang, Xuzhao (36195739700)
35486457100; 36731396800; 36195739700
A prototype experiment of debris flow control with energy dissipation structures
(2012) Natural Hazards, 60 (3), pp. 971 - 989, Cited 45 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11069-011-9878-5
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84855310221&doi=10.1007%2Fs11069-011-9878-5&partnerID=40&md5=0bb2684e3ba9ceaad7321629dec3ae86

AFFILIATIONS: Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, China; Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Large-volume debris flow events are defined when the volume of solid materials exceeds 1 million m 3. Traditional engineering measures, such as check dams, diversion channels, and flumes, are effective for normal debris flow control but are not sufficient to control large-volume debris flows. Experiments were conducted with an artificial step-pool system on the new Wenjiagou Gully to mitigate large-volume debris flows. The old Wenjiagou Gully was buried by 81.6 million m 3 of loose solid material created by a landslide that was triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake on May 12, 2008. The new gully was formed during the scouring process caused by debris flows in 2008. Large-volume debris flows were initiated by rainstorm flood with high kinetic energy. The artificial step-pool system was constructed with huge and big boulders on the new Wenjiagou Gully in 2009. The step-pool system dissipated flow energy in steps and hydraulic jumps. Analysis proved that the step-pool system dissipated two-third of the kinetic energy of flow; thus, the critical discharge for triggering debris flow increased threefold. Due to the step-pool system maximized the flow resistance and protected the bed sediment and banks from erosion, the rainstorm floods in 2009 did not trigger debris flows. In 2010, the step-pool system was replaced with 20 check dams. Huge boulders were broken into small pieces of diameter less than 0.5 m and were used as building materials for the 20 dams. Without the protection of the step-pool system, a rainstorm flood scoured the base of the dams and caused failures for all of the 20 check dams in August 2010. The flow incised the gully bed by 50 m. The loose bank materials slid into the flow mixed with water and formed a large-volume debris flow with a volume of 4. 5 million m 3. Many houses were buried by the debris flow, and 12 people were killed. Comparison of the two strategies proved that energy dissipation structures are necessary for controlling large-volume debris flows. Check dams, if they are stable, may reduce the potential of bank failures and control debris flows. The step-pool system dissipates flow energy and control gully bed incision and bank failure. A combination of check dams and step-pool systems may be the most effective for mitigating debris flows. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Check dams; Debris flow; Energy dissipation; Landslide; Step-pool system
INDEX KEYWORDS: debris flow; energy dissipation; erosion; failure analysis; kinetic energy; landslide
REFERENCES: Abrahams, Athol D., Step‐Pool Streams: Adjustment to Maximum Flow Resistance, Water Resources Research, 31, 10, pp. 2593-2602, (1995); 
Proc R Soc London Ser A, (1954); 
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, (1956); 
Physics of Sediment Transport by Wind and Water, (1988); 
American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, (1973); 
Carosi, Giovanna, Turbulence characteristics in skimming flows on stepped spillways, Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 35, 9, pp. 865-880, (2008); 
Cereghino, Regis, Spatial analysis of stream invertebrates distribution in the Adour-Garonne drainage basin (France), using Kohonen self organizing maps, Ecological Modelling, 146, 1-3, pp. 167-180, (2001); 
Hydraulics of Stepped Chutes and Spillways, (2001); 
Chanson, Hubert, Experimental investigations of air entrainment in transition and skimming flows down a stepped chute, Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 29, 1, pp. 145-156, (2002); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2009)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

11th International Symposium on Landslides and 2nd North American Symposium on Landslides, 2012
(2012), pp. 1 - 1096, Cited 0 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85095965549&partnerID=40&md5=7f70e32ce4723c33e96ea78696f853f3

ABSTRACT: The proceedings contain 278 papers. The special focus in this conference is on Landslides. The topics include: Characteristics of landslides triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake, Sichuan, China; progressive failure in natural and engineered slopes; varnes classification of landslide types, an update; advances in investigation and analysis for soil landslides: Three selected topics; fluid flow focusing in passive continental margins: Significance to submarine slope instability; rock slope characterization and geomechanical modelling; monitoring of potentially catastrophic rockslides; integrating forests in the analysis and management of rockfall risks: Experiences from research and practice in the Alps; urban landslides: Challenges for forensic engineering geologists and engineers; malaysia’s national slope master plan—from theory to practice; slope instability hazard in Haiti: Emergency assessment for a safe reconstruction; deformation analysis of landslides: Progressive failure, rate effects and thermal interactions; an introduction to the canadian technical guidelines and best practices related to landslides; requirements for professional landslide studies in Canada; landslide identification, mapping and field description in Canada; landslide risk evaluation in Canada; prototype landslide hazard map of the conterminous United States; seattle landslide study: 12 years later; landslide hazard mapping in North Carolina—Overview and improvements to the program; systematic geological mapping for landslide understanding in the Norwegian context; the national landslide inventory, landslide events, impacts and mitigation measures in Italy; economic assessment of landslide risk for the Waidhofen a.d. Ybbs region, Alpine Foreland, Lower Austria; geomorphic controls and debris flows—the 2010 Zhouqu disaster, China; the testalinden creek debris flow of 2010 near oliver, British Columbia; preface.
PUBLISHER: CRC Press/Balkema
CONFERENCE NAME: 11th International Symposium on Landslides and 2nd North American Symposium on Landslides, 2012
CONFERENCE DATE: 2012-06-02 through 2012-06-08
CONFERENCE LOCATION: Banff
CONFERENCE CODE: 228189
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference review
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Hu, X.W., Luo, G., Lv, X.P., Song, D.G., Hu, H.Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Hu, Xiewen (7404709509); Luo, Gang (35275305400); Lv, Xiaoping (35211485000); Song, Dage (57207293313); Hu, Hengyang (55681097100)
7404709509; 35275305400; 35211485000; 57207293313; 55681097100
Study of stability of the remnant mountain body in the back scarp of the Tangjiashan Landslide after the May 12, 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake
(2012), pp. 511 - 515, Cited 0 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85071033410&partnerID=40&md5=aace7f8f9ce507288aff97f309af7037

AFFILIATIONS: Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Department of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Based on field geological investigations of the slope of the remnant mountain body, combined with the experience with the Tangjiashan landslide, the possibility of further large-scale landslides was evaluated. A failure model for the remnant mountain body was defined, and qualitative and quantitative stability calculations and analyses were carried out. The results show that only the shallow surface is unstable, and thus appropriate control measures to manage the remnant mountain body are proposed. © 2012 Taylor & Francis Group, London.
INDEX KEYWORDS: Earthquakes; Landforms; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Control measures; Failure model; Geological investigation; Large-scale landslides; Quantitative stability; Tangjiashan landslides; Landslides
REFERENCES: Deng, Jianhui, Geological origin and stability evaluation of Siwancun landslide in Luding county, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 26, 10, pp. 1945-1950, (2007); 
Hu, Xiewen, Analysis of blocking river mechanism of Tangjiashan landslide and dam-breaking mode of its barrier dam, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 28, 1, pp. 181-189, (2009); 
Huang, Runqiu, Large-scale landslides and their sliding mechanisms in China since the 20th century, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 26, 3, pp. 433-454, (2007); 
Chinese Geological Education, (2008); 
Huang, Runqiu, Research on development and distribution rules of geohazards induced by Wenchuan earthquake on 12th May, 2008, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 27, 12, pp. 2585-2592, (2008); 
Catastrophic Landslides in China, (2008); 
Rock and Soil Mechanics, (2003); 
Landslides, (1992); 
Schuster, Robert L., Effects of landslide damming on hydroelectric projects., pp. 1295-1307, (1986); 
Yang, Qiang, Application of limit equilibrium method to stability analysis of Jinping high slope based on 3D multi-grid method, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 24, SUPPL. 2, pp. 5313-5318, (2005)
PUBLISHER: CRC Press/Balkema
CONFERENCE NAME: 11th International Symposium on Landslides and 2nd North American Symposium on Landslides, 2012
CONFERENCE DATE: 2012-06-02 through 2012-06-08
CONFERENCE LOCATION: Banff
CONFERENCE CODE: 228189
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Cheng, C., Bai, S.B., Zhou, P.G.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Cheng, Chen (55662217700); Bai, Shibiao (15830966700); Zhou, Pinggen (25931277700)
55662217700; 15830966700; 25931277700
Recognition of earthquake-triggered landslides using support vector machines
(2012), pp. 525 - 528, Cited 0 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85071026917&partnerID=40&md5=69f96c0de3d84841e1d576aa8fe2f6e3

AFFILIATIONS: School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; China Institute of Geo-Environment Monitoring, Beijing, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Earthquake triggered landslides are very common throughout the world. The May 12 2008, M 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake in eastern Sichuan Province of China triggered tens of thousands of rock falls, rock slides, rock avalanches, and deep, complex landslides. The earthquake-triggered landslide inventory for this event is an important basis for the preparation of landslide susceptibility and risk maps. In general, landslide deposits were clearly identified at the foot of the slope covering roads, other infrastructure, or extending into rivers or streams. Also landslide run-out and debris movement paths could clearly be observed from the remote-sensing data. However, it is still difficult to directly determine earthquake-triggered landslide automatically and accurately. Support Vector Machines (SVM) are a very attractive approach to robustly analyse high dimensional data. An important task of the methodology consists of developing input-output spaces for supervised learning of the model. The input space includes morphometric indices, such as elevation, slope data, plan curvature, profile curvatures and texture data in association with the spectral information from the multispectral remote-sensing images. The entire procedure can be formulated as a supervised classification and automated learning methodology. Then use the Change Detection Statistics method to recognize the earthquake triggered landslides. The study area is in the part of Qingchuan county at the northern edge of the Sichuan basin, an area severely hit by the Wenchuan earthquake. The remote-sensing images include ALOS images before and after the Wenchuan earthquake. The landslide recognition results were validated by field investigation. © 2012 Taylor & Francis Group, London.
INDEX KEYWORDS: Clustering algorithms; Earthquakes; Learning systems; Maps; Remote sensing; Rock bursts; Space optics; Support vector machines; Textures; Earthquake-triggered landslides; Field investigation; High dimensional data; Landslide susceptibility; Multispectral remote sensing image; Remote sensing images; Spectral information; Supervised classification; Landslides
REFERENCES: Brenning, Alexander, Spatial prediction models for landslide hazards: Review, comparison and evaluation, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 5, 6, pp. 853-862, (2005); 
Learning from Data Concepts Theory and Methods, (1998); 
Earth Science Frontiers, (2007); 
Scientia Geographica Sinica, (2008); 
He, Yuanrong, Application of fuzzy support vector machine to landslide risk assessment, Journal of Natural Disasters, 18, 5, pp. 107-112, (2009); 
Yǐlmaz, Iśik Şı, Comparison of landslide susceptibility mapping methodologies for Koyulhisar, Turkey: Conditional probability, logistic regression, artificial neural networks, and support vector machine, Environmental Earth Sciences, 61, 4, pp. 821-836, (2010); 
Science of Surveying and Mapping, (2008); 
Kanevski, Mikhail, Machine learning for spatial environmental data: Theory, applications and software, pp. 1-371, (2009); 
Using Decision Tree and Svm to Study the Method of Rs Image Classification D, (2009); 
Journal of Zhejiang University Science Edition, (2003)
PUBLISHER: CRC Press/Balkema
CONFERENCE NAME: 11th International Symposium on Landslides and 2nd North American Symposium on Landslides, 2012
CONFERENCE DATE: 2012-06-02 through 2012-06-08
CONFERENCE LOCATION: Banff
CONFERENCE CODE: 228189
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Hu, X.W., Zhang, Y., Lv, X.P., Lin, X., Hu, H.Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Hu, Xiewen (7404709509); Zhang, Yunhao (57203386543); Lv, Xiaoping (35211485000); Lin, X. (57210573516); Hu, Hengyang (55681097100)
7404709509; 57203386543; 35211485000; 57210573516; 55681097100
Analyses of river-blocking and breaking mode of “9.24” debris flow near Tangjiashan barrier dam
(2012), pp. 323 - 327, Cited 0 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85071006066&partnerID=40&md5=ab0f321ec8aec32a4f17b13a1538c840

AFFILIATIONS: Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Department of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: On 12 May, 2008, “5.12” Wenchuan earthquake induced a high-speed landslide on the Tangjiashan mountain that blocked the Tongkou River and formed the Tangjiashan barrier lake. After normal discharge on 10 June, 2008, there were still potential disasters as debris flows from Big Ditch, Small Ditch and Undefined Ditch. The two large scale debris flows on 14 June and 24 September, 2008 blocked the Tongkou River for 4 hours and 17 hours respectively. Based on investigation of distribution and stability of the loose sources in ditches mentioned above and mainly taking “9.24” debris flows into consideration, the river-blocking and breaking mode of debris flows at the spillway are analyzed systematically. © 2012 Taylor & Francis Group, London.
INDEX KEYWORDS: Earthquakes; Landslides; Rivers; Barrier dam; Barrier lakes; Debris flows; High speed landslide; Wenchuan Earthquake; Debris
REFERENCES: Research and Management in Road Debris Flow, (2004); 
Hu, Xiewen, Analysis of blocking river mechanism of Tangjiashan landslide and dam-breaking mode of its barrier dam, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 28, 1, pp. 181-189, (2009); 
Hu, Xiewen, Developmental features and evaluation of blocking dangers of Dashui Ditch debris flow in Tangjiashan dammed lake, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 28, 4, pp. 850-858, (2009); 
Hungr, Oldrich, Analysis of debris flow surges using the theory of uniformly progressive flow, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 25, 5, pp. 483-495, (2000); 
Landslide News, (1993); 
Hazard Assessment of Debris Flows, (1995); 
Published for International Association for Hydrautic Research by, (1991); 
Debris Flow in China, (2000); 
Wang, Yuyi, Relationship between rheology/erosion-deposit properties of debris flow and its hazard degree, Journal of Natural Disasters, 16, 1, pp. 17-22, (2007); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2006)
PUBLISHER: CRC Press/Balkema
CONFERENCE NAME: 11th International Symposium on Landslides and 2nd North American Symposium on Landslides, 2012
CONFERENCE DATE: 2012-06-02 through 2012-06-08
CONFERENCE LOCATION: Banff
CONFERENCE CODE: 228189
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Gu, C.-Z., Hu, X.W., Zhang, M.-C., Luo, G.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Gu, Chengzhuang (55359118800); Hu, Xiewen (7404709509); Zhang, Maochun (55681108300); Luo, Gang (35275305400)
55359118800; 7404709509; 55681108300; 35275305400
Onset mechanism of high-speed landslide triggered by earthquake and calculation of set-out velocity
(2012), pp. 1017 - 1022, Cited 0 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85070972435&partnerID=40&md5=4dd8a3bb1bc67fbebd93c4afd805eaa7

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Geological Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Through the study of high-speed landslides triggered by Wenchuan earthquake, the onset mechanism of seismic landslides is concluded as “fluctuating oscillation chain”, i.e., asynchronous motion of physical points—progressive deformation—fluctuating oscillation—acceleration effect of clinical elastic impulse and peak-residual strength drop, which can reduce the slope stability and cause the failure mass to slide at a high speed. By the introduction of energy conversion coefficient η and the comprehensive analysis of the acceleration effect, the formula for onset velocity of seismic landslide is proposed according to energy conversion principle under the consideration of vertical and horizontal acceleration effects caused by earthquake. In fact, most landslides triggered by Wenchuan earthquake experienced an “onset—acceleration—set-out” process during the whole set-out stage. After onset, under the influence of the low resistance effect on the sliding surface and the coupling effect of pore water pressure and vaporization pressure, landslides accelerate continuously with the conversion of potential energy. On the base of the onset velocity formula, the set-out velocity formula is presented. And then, these proposed formulas are applied to calculate the onset velocity and the set-out velocity of the Donghekou landslide. The obtained results present a good consistency with the objective reality, which indicates that the computational method is scientific and recommendable. Consequently, these formulas can be referred in other similar theoretical researches. © 2012 Taylor & Francis Group, London.
INDEX KEYWORDS: Energy conversion; Landslides; Potential energy; Velocity; Acceleration effects; Comprehensive analysis; Conversion coefficients; High speed landslide; Horizontal acceleration; Pore-water pressures; Progressive deformation; Theoretical research; Earthquakes
REFERENCES: Cheng, Qiangong, Study of complex accelerated dynamics mechanism of highspeed landslide by elastic rocky impulse and peak-residual strength drop, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 19, 2, pp. 173-176, (2000); 
Chigira, Masahiro, Geological and geomorphological characteristics of landslides triggered by the 2004 Mid Niigta prefecture earthquake in Japan, Engineering Geology, 82, 4, pp. 202-221, (2006); 
Research on the Mechanism and the Kinetic Characteristic of Donghekou Landslide, (2009); 
Dynamics Mechanism of Landslide, (1995); 
Study on Hydrodynamics Theory of High Speed and Long Run Out Landslide, (2003); 
Journal of Catastrophology, (2003); 
Journal of Chengdu Geologic College, (1986); 
Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, (1983); 
Xing, Aiguo, Study on hydrodynamics mechanism of large high-speed landslide in the set-out stage, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 23, 4, pp. 607-613, (2004); 
Large Scale Landslide Induced by the Wen Chuan Earthquake, (2009)
PUBLISHER: CRC Press/Balkema
CONFERENCE NAME: 11th International Symposium on Landslides and 2nd North American Symposium on Landslides, 2012
CONFERENCE DATE: 2012-06-02 through 2012-06-08
CONFERENCE LOCATION: Banff
CONFERENCE CODE: 228189
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Yang, W., Shi, P., Wang, M.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Yang, Wentao (55499294400); Shi, Peijun (7202160985); Wang, Ming (55732001400)
55499294400; 7202160985; 55732001400
Identifying landslides using binary logistic regression and landslide detection index techniques
(2012), pp. 757 - 760, Cited 0 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84924933108&partnerID=40&md5=906070f5a6039e2b5af3c458afddfe3b

AFFILIATIONS: Academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Rapid urbanization and limited suitable land around the world has been pushing more population under the risk of various geo-hazards. Among those geo-hazards in mountainous regions, landslide is one of the most important hazards that can be triggered by earthquake, heavy rainfall and human activities. Landslide mapping plays an essential role in landslide susceptibility, hazard and risk studies by providing landslide inventory. Although it is very time-and labor-consuming, traditional manual interpretation of high resolution aerial images is a commonly used method. To promote the efficiency of landslide mapping, in this paper a landslide index and regression method are used to automatically detect landslides occurred during the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake in Pingwu, Sichuan Province, by using two SPOT5 images pre and post the event. These images are first pan sharpened, ortho-rectified, co-registered and relatively corrected for atmospheric influence. Then, layers of NDVI difference, image spectral angle and principal components are obtained as candidate useful landslide identification layers. To pick out useful layers for landslide identification and establish the binary logistic regression model, landslides inventory in a training area is used to calculate the correlations between landslide and the above candidate layers. Highly correlated ones are selected and used to establish logistic model to detect landslides. Then, landslide detection index is developed in the same region to map landslides. To compare the efficiency of these two techniques, results from both methods are verified using existing landslide inventory. Final results indicate that regression models and landslide detection index both can be dependently used to map landslides using images pre and post earthquake.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Binary logistic regression; Geo-hazards; Landslide detection index; Landslide identification
INDEX KEYWORDS: Earthquakes; Hazards; Mapping; Rain; Regression analysis; Risk management; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Binary logistic regression; Binary logistic regression models; Geo hazards; High-resolution aerial images; Landslide detection; Landslide identification; Landslide susceptibility; Landslides
REFERENCES: Aksoy, Beliz, Landslide identification and classification by object-based image analysis and fuzzy logic: An example from the Azdavay region (Kastamonu, Turkey), Computers and Geosciences, 38, 1, pp. 87-98, (2012); 
Chen, Jin, Land-use/land-cover change detection using improved change-vector analysis, Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, 69, 4, pp. 369-379, (2003); 
Chiang, Shouhao, The potential impact of climate change on typhoon-triggered landslides in Taiwan, 2010-2099, Geomorphology, 133, 3-4, pp. 143-151, (2011); 
Fell, Robin, Guidelines for landslide susceptibility, hazard and risk zoning for land use planning, Engineering Geology, 102, 3-4, pp. 85-98, (2008); 
Görüm, Tolga, Distribution pattern of earthquake-induced landslides triggered by the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Geomorphology, 133, 3-4, pp. 152-167, (2011); 
Hong, Gang, A comparative study on radiometric normalization using high resolution satellite images, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 29, 2, pp. 425-438, (2008); 
Lin, Wentzu, Assessment of vegetation recovery and soil erosion at landslides caused by a catastrophic earthquake: A case study in Central Taiwan, Ecological Engineering, 28, 1, pp. 79-89, (2006); 
Lu, Ping, Object-oriented change detection for landslide rapid mapping, IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, 8, 4, pp. 701-705, (2011); 
Mantovani, Franco, Remote sensing techniques for landslide studies and hazard zonation in Europe, Geomorphology, 15, 3-4 SPEC. ISS., pp. 213-225, (1996); 
Martha, Tapas Ranjan, Characterising spectral, spatial and morphometric properties of landslides for semi-automatic detection using object-oriented methods, Geomorphology, 116, 1-2, pp. 24-36, (2010)
PUBLISHER: Global Risk Forum (GRF)
SPONSORS: ESRI, et al., Federal Office for Civil Protection (FOCP), Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC), Swiss Re, Syngenta
CONFERENCE NAME: 4th International Disaster and Risk Conference: Integrative Risk Management in a Changing World - Pathways to a Resilient Society, IDRC Davos 2012
CONFERENCE DATE: 2012-08-26 through 2012-08-30
CONFERENCE LOCATION: Davos
CONFERENCE CODE: 110966
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wu, Z., Ma, T.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wu, Zhongliang (9536539700); Ma, Tengfei (7402783771)
9536539700; 7402783771
The 2008 Wenchuan, China, earthquake
(2012), 9781107033863, pp. 301 - 309, Cited 3 times.
DOI: 10.1017/CBO9781139523905.030
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84923505445&doi=10.1017%2FCBO9781139523905.030&partnerID=40&md5=764931c0bfb4668ff359dd3b4dfda5ea

AFFILIATIONS: China Earthquake Administration, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: The 12 May 2008 Wenchuan MS8.0/ MW7.9 earthquake in southwest China was one of the great earthquakes, and was the most devastating earthquake to occur in China since the beginning of the twenty-first century. According to the results of field investigation and seismological/geological studies (Department for Earthquake Monitoring and Prediction of the China Earthquake Administration, 2009), the earthquake occurred at 14:28:04 pm (local time), with an intensity of up to XI on the modified Mercalli intensity (MMI) scale and a peak ground acceleration (PGA) close to 1 g at the strong-motion recording station closest to the epicentre (~23 km). The narrow-ellipsoid-shaped MMI-IX isoseismal is almost collocated with the rupture zone, being about 300 km long striking northeastward from Dujiangyan to Guangyuan, Sichuan Province. The earthquake occurred along the Longmenshan fault zone, rupturing two parallel faults with lengths of about 240 km and 72 km. According to official data on 25 August 2008, the earthquake disaster toll was 69 226 dead, 374 643 injured, and 17 923 missing, with a significant portion of the loss of life being due to earthquake-induced landslides and/or rock falls - a typical case of concatenated disasters. The direct economic loss was estimated as RMB Yuan 845.1 billion. The anatomy of the disasters has been summarised in detail by Chen and Booth (2011). Seismic zonation and disaster preparedness, Seismic zonation of the middle-to-north Longmenshan fault area was assigned as Chinese intensity (similar to MMI) VI-VII, much lower than the actual intensity, reflecting the blind spots of seismology and the geology of earthquakes. Since the 1950s, four generations of seismic zonation maps have been published in China (in 1957, 1977, 1990, and 2001). Codes for the seismic design of industrial and civilian buildings, as well as their revisions, came into effect in 1974, 1978, 1984, 1989, 1990, and 2001, based on the zonation results (Chen and Booth, 2011). Before the Wenchuan earthquake, a nation-wide project for the reinforcement of rural residences had been underway. The Wenchuan earthquake occurred just at the time when this reinforcement was being put into practice in Sichuan Province. © Cambridge University Press 2014.
REFERENCES: Burchfiel, B. Clark, A geological and geophysical context for the Wenchuan earthquake of 12 May 2008, Sichuan, People's Republic of China, GSA Today, 18, 7, pp. 4-11, (2008); 
Open File on the Scientific Review and Reflection of the Wenchuan Earthquake, (2009); 
Wenchuan Earthquake of 2008 Anatomy of A Disaster, (2011); 
Research Report of Wenchuan M Inf S Inf 8 0 Earthquake, (2009); 
Gan, Weijun, Present-day crustal motion within the Tibetan Plateau inferred from GPS measurements, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 112, 8, (2007); 
Klinger, Yann, Introduction to the special issue on the 2008 Wenchuan, China, earthquake, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 100, 5 B, pp. 2353-2356, (2010); 
Ma, Tengfei, Precursor-like anomalies prior to the 2008 wenchuan earthquake: A critical-but-constructive review, International Journal of Geophysics, 2012, (2012); 
Reasenberg, Paul A., Earthquake hazard after a mainshock in California, Science, 243, 4895, pp. 1173-1176, (1989); 
Reasenberg, Paul A., Earthquake aftershocks: Update, Science, 265, 5176, pp. 1251-1252, (1994); 
Researches on Earthquake Risk Regions and Losses Prediction of China Continent from 2006 to 2020, (2007)
PUBLISHER: Cambridge University Press
DOCUMENT TYPE: Book chapter
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Yin, Y., Sun, P., Zhang, M., Xing, A., Wang, M.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Yin, Y. (59438084800); Sun, Ping (26428429500); Zhang, Ming (57184521900); Xing, Aiguo (7004119237); Wang, Meng (56005261600)
59438084800; 26428429500; 57184521900; 7004119237; 56005261600
Characteristics of landslides triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake, Sichuan, China
(2012), pp. 23 - 30, Cited 2 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84908375960&partnerID=40&md5=5292a1356753cb6e2b347ca13751297b

AFFILIATIONS: CGS, Beijing, China; Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China; China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Sichuan Geological Survey, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: More than 10 thousand landslides were triggered by the Wenchuan Earthquake Ms8.0 on May 12, 2008. Most occurred within 10 km of the main central fault of the Longmengshan. The largest, the Daguangbao rockslide, is investigated through multi-phase high resolution remote sensing images before and after the earthquake. The slide has a length of 4.5 km, a width of 1,700–2,200 m, a thickness of up to 580 m and an estimated volume of 1.2 billion m3.The effects of the earthquake trigger was simulated using FLAC3D, which inferred a complex failure process where the lower part of the slide mass first slid along a rock mass bedding layer, followed by the failure of the upper part of the slide mass. Within the Wenchuan earthquake meizoseismal area (area of maximum damage), the phenomenon is common to landslides where the vertical component of seismic force is predominant. The model results show that the vertical peak acceleration led to distinct reductions in the slope stability factor, and played a significant role in the failure. In addition, large-scale tensile failure at the back of the rock avalanche was generated by the large vertical peak acceleration, and demonstrated to be a key reason for the triggering of a large number of rock avalanches and rockfalls. The large vertical acceleration is also the apparent reason for soil and rock masses becoming airborne. Large-scale wind tunnel testing was also conducted to examine an air-cushion effect for long run-out rapid rock avalanches triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake. The results show that the reach achieved under the added aerodynamics is increased by nearly 50% compared to a normal state (i.e., no air cushion effect). Thus, the total run-out under an air cushion effect is increased by one third compared to the conventional estimation under the normal state. © 2012 Taylor & Francis Group, London.
INDEX KEYWORDS: Air cushioning; Landslides; Remote sensing; Rock bursts; Rock mechanics; Rocks; Wind tunnels; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; High resolution remote sensing images; Meizoseismal areas; Vertical accelerations; Vertical component; Vertical peak acceleration; Wenchuan Earthquake; Wind-tunnel testing; Earthquakes
REFERENCES: Collier, C. J., A procedure for combining vertical and horizontal seismic action effects, Journal of Earthquake Engineering, 5, 4, pp. 521-539, (2001); 
Elnashai, Amr S., Procedure and spectra for analysis of rc structures subjected to strong vertical earthquake loads, Journal of Earthquake Engineering, 1, 1, pp. 121-155, (1997); 
Hsü, Kenneth Jinghwa, Catastrophic debris streams (sturzstroms) generated by rockfalls, Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 86, 1, pp. 129-140, (1975); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2008); 
Huang, Runqiu, The characteristics and failure mechanism of the largest landslide triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake, May 12, 2008, China, Landslides, 9, 1, pp. 131-142, (2012); 
Landslides in Progress, (2004); 
Landslide and Avalanches Natural Phenomena, (1978); 
Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, (1983); 
Shreve, Ronald L., Leakage and fluidization in air-layer lubricated avalanches, Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 79, 5, pp. 653-658, (1968); 
Sun, Ping, Does vertical seismic force play an important role for the failure mechanism of rock avalanches? A case study of rock avalanches triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake of May 12, 2008, Sichuan, China, Environmental Earth Sciences, 66, 5, pp. 1285-1293, (2012)
PUBLISHER: CRC Press/Balkema
CONFERENCE NAME: 11th International Symposium on Landslides and 2nd North American Symposium on Landslides, 2012
CONFERENCE DATE: 2012-06-02 through 2012-06-08
CONFERENCE LOCATION: Banff
CONFERENCE CODE: 228189
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Liu, H.X., Xu, Q.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Liu, Hangxiang (54389411400); Xu, Q. Q. (56194381000)
54389411400; 56194381000
Shaking table test study on seismic rock slope response
(2012), 2, pp. 1535 - 1540, Cited 1 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84890067097&partnerID=40&md5=dbb746e240144a4e819559a94e04d898

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: In the context of 2008 great Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China, a shaking table test with geometric scale of 1:100 was performed on two models with typical composite lithologies in earthquake region: Stiff rocks overlying soft rocks and soft rocks overlying stiff rocks. The input waves used synthetic waves and real waves scaled from recordings in Wenchuan main earthquake. Test preparation was firstly introduced, and then topographic effect on horizontal and vertical accelerations were analyzed, effect of excitation directions and intensities on two components were also explored detailedly based on peak accelerations and their amplification factors. Comparative analysis was adopted to highlight the responses of two components, including comparing the relative response intensity between two models, between the interior and on the surface of each model, between peak horizontal and vertical accelerations of each model. Results can help improve the seismic slope stability analysis and geo-hazards prevention and mitigation. © 2012 Taylor & Francis Group, London.
INDEX KEYWORDS: Earthquakes; Landslides; Amplification factors; Comparative analysis; Relative response; Seismic slope stabilities; Shaking table tests; Topographic effects; Vertical accelerations; Wenchuan Earthquake; Rocks
REFERENCES: Physical Model Study of Seismic Slope Response and Performance, (1999); 
Huang, Runqiu, Analysis of the geo-hazards triggered by the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake, China, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 68, 3, pp. 363-371, (2009); 
Lin, Meei Ling, Seismic slope behavior in a large-scale shaking table model test, Engineering Geology, 86, 2-3, pp. 118-133, (2006); 
Ling, Hoe I., Large-scale shaking table tests on modular-block reinforced soil retaining walls, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering - ASCE, 131, 4, pp. 465-476, (2005); 
Liu, Hangxiang, Shaking table model test on slope dynamic deformation and failure, Yantu Lixue/Rock and Soil Mechanics, 32, SUPPL.2, pp. 334-339, (2011); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2010); 
Physical and Numerical Dynamic Response Modeling of Slopes and Embankments, (2009); 
Qi, Shengwen, Spatial distribution analysis of landslides triggered by 2008.5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake, China, Engineering Geology, 116, 1-2, pp. 95-108, (2010); 
Xu, Qiang, Large-scale shaking table test study of acceleration dynamic responses characteristics of slopes, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 29, 12, pp. 2420-2428, (2010); 
Yang, Jun, Horizontal and vertical components of earthquake ground motions at liquefiable sites, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 22, 3, pp. 229-240, (2002)
PUBLISHER: CRC Press/Balkema
CONFERENCE NAME: 11th International Symposium on Landslides and 2nd North American Symposium on Landslides, 2012
CONFERENCE DATE: 2012-06-02 through 2012-06-08
CONFERENCE LOCATION: Banff
CONFERENCE CODE: 228189
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Bai, S.B., Thiebes, B., Wang, J., Zhou, P.G.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Bai, Shibiao (15830966700); Thiebes, Benni (55668276300); Wang, Jian (55491249300); Zhou, Pinggen (25931277700)
15830966700; 55668276300; 55491249300; 25931277700
Pre-conditioning factors for rainfall and earthquake-triggered landslides
(2012), pp. 501 - 505, Cited 2 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84884798807&partnerID=40&md5=f1057228ee60ce8e7d9401fd580036eb

AFFILIATIONS: School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; China Institute of Geo-Environment Monitoring, Beijing, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Wudu county in north-western China frequently experiences large-scale landslide occurrences. High-magnitude earthquakes and heavy rainfall events are the dominant landslide triggering mechanisms in the region. The aim of this research is to analyze the influence of landslide pre-conditioning factors on landslide distribution. For this, the number of density of landslides for several potentially pre-conditioning factors were analyzed within a GIS. Two point-based landslide inventories were utilized, i.e., one containing rainfall-triggered landslides between 1995 and 2003, and the other slope failures triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. The preliminary results demonstrate the great influence of lithology for both rainfall and earthquake-triggered slope failures. In particular conglomerated, siltstones and mud-stone were examined to have a very high landslide density. Other important pre-conditioning factors for landslides are the distance to rivers and roads. Interestingly, earthquakes-triggered landslides have been observed to be occurring significantly more frequently on relatively flat areas and very steep locations than rainfall-triggered landslides. Further research will concentrate on the validation of the preliminary results in the field and the integration of landslide affected areas and landslide volumes in the analysis. Ultimately, the findings will facilitate regional landslide hazard management and spatial planning. © 2012 Taylor & Francis Group, London.
INDEX KEYWORDS: Earthquakes; Lithology; Rain; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Earthquake-triggered landslides; Landslide distributions; Landslide hazard management; Landslide inventories; Large-scale landslides; Pre-conditioning; Triggering mechanism; Landslides
REFERENCES: Proceedings of the International Conference Mountain Risks Bringing Science to Society, (2010); 
Engineering Geological Problems Study of Gansu Section of Lanzhou Haikou Highway, (2006); 
2010 International Conference on Remote Sensing Icrs, (2010); 
Cruden, David M., Landslide types and processes, Special Report - National Research Council, Transportation Research Board, 247, pp. 36-75, (1996); 
Michael J. Crozier, Michael J., A Review of Scale Dependency in Landslide Hazard and Risk Analysis, pp. 75-138, (2012); 
Görüm, Tolga, Distribution pattern of earthquake-induced landslides triggered by the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Geomorphology, 133, 3-4, pp. 152-167, (2011); 
J of Institute of Disaster Prevention, (2010); 
Huang, Runqiu, Development and distribution of geohazards triggered by the 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake in China, Science in China, Series E: Technological Sciences, 52, 4, pp. 810-819, (2009); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2007); 
Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control, (2004)
PUBLISHER: CRC Press/Balkema
CONFERENCE NAME: 11th International Symposium on Landslides and 2nd North American Symposium on Landslides, 2012
CONFERENCE DATE: 2012-06-02 through 2012-06-08
CONFERENCE LOCATION: Banff
CONFERENCE CODE: 228189
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Towhata, I., Jiang, Y.-J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Towhata, Ikuo (7004309093); Jiang, Yuanjun (59855576700)
7004309093; 59855576700
Geotechnical Aspects of 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake, China
(2012) Geotechnical, Geological and Earthquake Engineering, 16, pp. 67 - 89, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-2060-2_2
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84883103962&doi=10.1007%2F978-94-007-2060-2_2&partnerID=40&md5=b6083b3f8aa30ce40f912d8381515632

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
ABSTRACT: The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake of China produced significant damage in the local community. Since the affected area was so vast, it became very difficult to apply previous experiences to the restoration of the community. The present paper concerns findings during technical visits to the damaged area and lessons for the future of the area. From the geotechnical viewpoints, this earthquake is characterized by many slope failures with a large range of size. Many landslide dams were formed as a consequence of big slope failures to be a threat to the downstream area. Smaller slope failures, that were much more in number, are important as well, because many local roads were destroyed by them and post-earthquake rescue and restoration activities were affected. It was interesting that different types of slope stabilization measures functioned to different extents, avoiding total collapse. Some retaining walls translated due to significant seismic earth pressure. Mountain slopes that were thus disturbed by strong seismic shaking will cause further problems in the coming decades. As have been experienced after big quakes at different places in the world, those slopes will produce further failures and debris flows, and affect safety of local communities and transportations. Finally, geotechnical problems other than slopes are discussed. © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2012.
REFERENCES: Journal of Engineering Geology, (2008); 
Lou, Hai, Deep tectonic setting of the 2008 Wenchuan Ms8.0 earthquake in southwestern China - Joint analysis of teleseismic P-wave receiver functions and Bouguer gravity anomalies, Science in China, Series D: Earth Sciences, 52, 2, pp. 166-179, (2009); 
Wang, Fawu, Preliminary investigation of some large landslides triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan Province, China, Landslides, 6, 1, pp. 47-54, (2009); 
Institute of Geology, (2009); 
Yin, Yueping, Landslide hazards triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China, Landslides, 6, 2, pp. 139-152, (2009)
PUBLISHER: Kluwer Academic Publishers rbk@louisiana.edu
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Li, W.L., Huang, R., Xu, Q.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Li, Weile (25936551300); Huang, Runqiu (55835407700); Xu, Qiang (56506033600)
25936551300; 55835407700; 56506033600
Gis-based logistic regression for landslide susceptibility mapping of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake region, China
(2012), 2, pp. 1839 - 1844, Cited 2 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84882932656&partnerID=40&md5=9c04d7bcd31fa32197490394af4e43b0

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: The Ms 8.0 May 12, 2008 Wenchuan earthquake triggered tens of thousands landslides over a broad region in the Longmen mountain area, west of the Sichuan basin. The widespread landslides have caused serious casualties and property losses, and will poses a great threat to post-earthquake reconstruction. One of main solutions to the landslide hazards is avoidance of higher danger areas. For the purpose, it is directed to prepare a landslide susceptibility map. A spatial database, which inventoried 16,277 landslides, was developed by interpretation of multi-temporal and multi-resolution remote sensing images (Aerial imagery, Cartosat1, ALOS and ASTER satellite imagery, etc.). While the landslides scattered in the region, covering an area of about 100,000 km2, they were highly concentrated in certain areas with special geomorphic and geologic settings. The correlation between landslides distribution and the influencing parameters including distance from co-seismic fault, lithology, slope gradient, elevation, PGA, distance from drainage, were analyzed by statistical tool and the weight of each parameter was determined using a binomial logistic regression model. The result indicated that slope gradient and distance from co-seismic faults have the most significant impact on co-seismic landslide. Distance from drainage and elevation have a more significant contribution than lithology and PGA. Landslide susceptibility was mapped based on spatial overlay analysis using ARCGIS software. The study area was classified into five categories of landslide susceptibility: Very low, low, medium, high and very high. The high and very high susceptibility zones make up 15.6% of the total study area mainly along the co-seismic fault. The susceptibility map is expected to be a major guidance at the planning stage in the rebuilding process. © 2012 Taylor & Francis Group, London.
INDEX KEYWORDS: Aerial photography; Antennas; Earthquakes; Faulting; Geographic information systems; Lithology; Logistic regression; Remote sensing; Satellite imagery; Statistical mechanics; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Binomial logistic regressions; Influencing parameters; Landslide susceptibility; Landslide susceptibility mapping; Multi-resolution remote sensing; Post-earthquake reconstruction; Seismic landslides; Landslides
REFERENCES: Aleotti, Pietro, Landslide hazard assessment: Summary review and new perspectives, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 58, 1, pp. 21-44, (1999); 
Ayalew, Lulseged, The application of GIS-based logistic regression for landslide susceptibility mapping in the Kakuda-Yahiko Mountains, Central Japan, Geomorphology, 65, 1-2, pp. 15-31, (2005); 
Chen, Zhaohua, Landslide hazard mapping using logistic regression model in Mackenzie Valley, Canada, Natural Hazards, 42, 1, pp. 75-89, (2007); 
Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2008); 
Kamp, Ulrich, GIS-based landslide susceptibility mapping for the 2005 Kashmir earthquake region, Geomorphology, 101, 4, pp. 631-642, (2008); 
Lee, Chyityi Tyi, Statistical approach to earthquake-induced landslide susceptibility, Engineering Geology, 100, 1-2, pp. 43-58, (2008); 
Soeters, Robert, Slope instability recognition, analysis, and zonation, Special Report - National Research Council, Transportation Research Board, 247, pp. 129-177, (1996); 
Su, Fenghuan, Susceptibility assessment of landslides caused by the Wenchuan earthquake using a logistic regression model, Journal of Mountain Science, 7, 3, pp. 234-245, (2010); 
Görüm, Tolga, Distribution pattern of earthquake-induced landslides triggered by the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Geomorphology, 133, 3-4, pp. 152-167, (2011)
PUBLISHER: CRC Press/Balkema
CONFERENCE NAME: 11th International Symposium on Landslides and 2nd North American Symposium on Landslides, 2012
CONFERENCE DATE: 2012-06-02 through 2012-06-08
CONFERENCE LOCATION: Banff
CONFERENCE CODE: 228189
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Chen, Z., Lei, T., Hu, H., Yan, Q., Li, Z., Gao, P.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Chen, Zhanpeng (55541285100); Lei, Tingwu (55823880800); Hu, Heng (55541306100); Yan, Qinghong (35294236200); Li, Zhenlin (55542338200); Gao, Peiling (9248036200)
55541285100; 55823880800; 55541306100; 35294236200; 55542338200; 9248036200
Accurate measurement of landslide volume and morphology in Wenchuan earthquake area with 3D laser scanner
(2012), 7, pp. 5572 - 5582, Cited 0 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84871744029&partnerID=40&md5=40863bc6057b31ccb89d8d49b7481837

AFFILIATIONS: China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; Ecological Environment Monitoring of Sichuan Province Soil and Water Conservation, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Southwest University, Chongqing, China; School of Resources and Environment Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, China
ABSTRACT: The moment magnitude (M) 8.0 earthquake in Wenchuan, Sichuan province, on May 12th, 2008 produced massive landslides made of rock and mud mixture, responsible for serious earthquake-added soil erosion on the impacts of rainfall and runoff. Morphological information of the landslides is needed for estimating the earthquake-added soil erosion. Accurate measurement and calculation of landslide volumes are of great importantances. Typical landslides in Wenchuan County were chosen to estimate their volumes by using 3-D laser scanner of high accuracy. Typical landslides were chosen to measure the relative landslide surface elevation. A method is suggested for the landslide geometry model and for estimating the volume and the morphology of the landslides, based on the measure data. The study established the method and procedures for measuring the volume of landslides with 3-D laser scanner, to supply a sound basis for estimating earthquake-added soil erosion.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: 3-D laser scanner; Earthquake-triggered landslides; Field measurement; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Agriculture; Erosion; Estimation; Landslides; Laser applications; Lasers; Morphology; Soils; 3D laser scanners; Accurate measurement; Field measurement; Geometry model; Laser scanner; Measure data; Moment magnitudes; Morphological information; Sichuan province; Soil erosion; Surface elevations; Typical landslide; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes
REFERENCES: Burchfiel, B. Clark, A geological and geophysical context for the Wenchuan earthquake of 12 May 2008, Sichuan, People's Republic of China, GSA Today, 18, 7, pp. 4-11, (2008); 
Chang, Dongsheng, Simulation of the erosion process of landslide dams due to overtopping considering variations in soil erodibility along depth, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 10, 4, pp. 933-946, (2010); 
Chen, Roufei, Large earthquake-triggered landslides and mountain belt erosion: The Tsaoling case, Taiwan, Comptes Rendus - Geoscience, 337, 13, pp. 1164-1172, (2005); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2009); 
Cui, Peng, The Wenchuan Earthquake (May 12, 2008), Sichuan Province, China, and resulting geohazards, Natural Hazards, 56, 1, pp. 19-36, (2011); 
Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011); 
Di, Baofeng, Quantifying the spatial distribution of soil mass wasting processes after the 2008 earthquake in Wenchuan, China. A case study of the Longmenshan area, Remote Sensing of Environment, 114, 4, pp. 761-771, (2010); 
Guan, Yunlan, A robust method for fitting a plane to point clouds, Tongji Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Tongji University, 36, 7, pp. 981-984, (2008); 
Guzzetti, Fausto, Distribution of landslides in the Upper Tiber River basin, central Italy, Geomorphology, 96, 1-2, pp. 105-122, (2008); 
Earth Science Frontiers, (2009)
PUBLISHER: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers hull@asabe.org 2950 Niles Road St. Joseph MI 49085-9659
CONFERENCE NAME: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers Annual International Meeting 2012
CONFERENCE DATE: 2012-07-29 through 2012-08-01
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zhou, W., Tang, C., Zhou, C.-H.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhou, Wei (55443778400); Tang, Chuan (35932953300); Zhou, Chunhua (55444159500)
55443778400; 35932953300; 55444159500
Critical rainfall characteristics for rainfall-induced debris flows in Wenchuan earthquake affected areas
(2012) Shuikexue Jinzhan/Advances in Water Science, 23 (5), pp. 650 - 655, Cited 26 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84868250033&partnerID=40&md5=689e8769dc7702a03da38d78d3fe01ce

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Sichuan Meteorological Observatory, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: The rainfall data before and after the occurrence of the debris flow event in Wenchuan earthquake affected area are collected and analyzed in order to better understand the critical rainfall characteristics for rainfall-induced debris flows. The study can provide the scientific base for the establishment of an advance warning system for debris flows. The results show that the critical rainfall pattern for the debris flow event during the earthquake can be classified into three types including the rapid triggering response pattern, the intermediate triggering response pattern, and the slow triggering response pattern. The main differences among the three patterns are in the duration and intensity of rainfall, which can result in different saturation mechanisms in loose zones for debris flow initiation. The timing of the occurrence of infiltration excess runoff is different for different rainfall patterns, and so do the triggered debris flows. Critical rainfall intensities could be related to critical rainfall patterns. For example, the intermediate triggering response pattern can be associated with the highest rainfall intensity, and followed by the slow triggering response pattern. The lowest rainfall intensity can be related to the rapid triggering response pattern. The threshold values of both accumulated precipitation and critical rainfall have been decreased after the earthquake.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Critical rainfall intensity; Debris flow; Initiation mechanism; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Debris; Earthquakes; Affected area; Critical rainfall; Debris flows; Infiltration excess; Initiation mechanism; Rainfall data; Rainfall intensity; Rainfall patterns; Response patterns; Wenchuan Earthquake; Rain
REFERENCES: Journal of Catastrophology, (2010); 
Tang, Chuan, Rainfall-triggered debris flows following the Wenchuan earthquake, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 68, 2, pp. 187-194, (2009); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2008); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2009); 
Hu, Xiewen, Analyses of river-blocking and breaking mode of "9·24" debris flow near Tangjiashan barrier dam, Xinan Jiaotong Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University, 44, 3, pp. 312-326, (2009); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2010); 
Tang, Chuan, Catastrophic debris flows on 13 August 2010 in the Qingping area, southwestern China: The combined effects of a strong earthquake and subsequent rainstorms, Geomorphology, 139-140, pp. 559-576, (2012); 
Tang, Chuan, Field investigation and research on giant debris flow on August 14, 2010 in Yingxiu town, epicenter of Wenchuan earthquake, Diqiu Kexue - Zhongguo Dizhi Daxue Xuebao/Earth Science - Journal of China University of Geosciences, 36, 1, pp. 172-180, (2011); 
Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control, (2011); 
Chen, N. Sh, The processes and mechanism of failure and debris flow initiation for gravel soil with different clay content, Geomorphology, 121, 3-4, pp. 222-230, (2010)
PUBLISHER: China Water Power Press
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Gong, J., Yue, Y., Zhu, J., Wen, Y., Li, Y., Zhou, J., Wang, D., Yu, C.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Gong, Jianhuaa Hua (59157665500); Yue, Yujuan (36135093400); Zhu, Jun (56518432000); Wen, Yuming (36615935800); Li, Yi (55983807900); Zhou, Jieping (14324017900); Wang, Dongchuan (34873779300); Yu, Caihong (55268269900)
59157665500; 36135093400; 56518432000; 36615935800; 55983807900; 14324017900; 34873779300; 55268269900
Impacts of the Wenchuan Earthquake on the Chaping River upstream channel change
(2012) International Journal of Remote Sensing, 33 (12), pp. 3907 - 3929, Cited 17 times.
DOI: 10.1080/01431161.2011.636767
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84863057261&doi=10.1080%2F01431161.2011.636767&partnerID=40&md5=2f3b147b6e1d23d6d5003ca708cb4ca3

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Remote Sensing Application Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Water and Environmental Research Institute, Unibetsedȧt Guåhan, Mangilao, Guam; Tianjin Institute of Urban Construction, Tianjin, Tianjin, China
ABSTRACT: The Wenchuan Earthquake, measuring magnitude 8.0 on the Richter scale, occurred on 12 May 2008 in Sichuan, southwest China and caused over 87 000 casualties. Geological disasters such as debris flows and landslides caused by the Wenchuan Earthquake were severe. Several high-risk dammed lakes formed in the Chaping River basin of An'xian County, Sichuan, China, which is located in the earthquake zone, caused great changes in river morphology and brought great danger to the people and properties in the river downstream. Channel change information from different periods was important to risk relief of dammed lakes and assessment of losses. A Satellite Pour l'Observation de la Terre 5 (SPOT 5) fused image of 10 November 2006 with 2.50 m spatial resolution, and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) images of 19 May 2008 and 23 December 2008 with 0.32 and 0.33 m spatial resolution, respectively, were applied to derive channel information in the Chaping River upstream from three periods (pre-disaster, during the disaster and post-disaster) using an object-oriented classification method with an edge-based segmentation algorithm and a support vector machine (SVM) classifier. Geological landslides and dammed lakes from different periods were analysed. Based on the channel information from different periods, channel changes were determined, and impacts of the earthquake on channel area, channel width, river morphology, and so on were discussed. © 2012 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.
INDEX KEYWORDS: Antennas; Classification (of information); Codes (symbols); Disasters; Earthquakes; Edge detection; Geology; Image resolution; Image segmentation; Lakes; Landslides; Risk assessment; Support vector machines; Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV); Channel information; Geological disaster; Object oriented classification; Satellite Pour l'Observation de la Terre; Segmentation algorithms; Spatial resolution; Upstream channel; Wenchuan Earthquake; Rivers; algorithm; channel change; channel morphology; debris flow; landslide; river channel; Sichuan earthquake 2008; spatial resolution; SPOT; unmanned vehicle; China; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Balz, Timo, Building-damage detection using post-seismic high-resolution SAR satellite data, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 31, 13, pp. 3369-3391, (2010); 
Costa, John E., FORMATION AND FAILURE OF NATURAL DAMS., Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 100, 7, pp. 1054-1068, (1988); 
Documented Historical Landslide Dams from Around the World, (1991); 
Foody, Giles M., A relative evaluation of multiclass image classification by support vector machines, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 42, 6, pp. 1335-1343, (2004); 
Guo, Huadong, Damage consequence chain mapping after the Wenchuan Earthquake using remotely sensed data, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 31, 13, pp. 3427-3433, (2010); 
Earthquake Induced Landsliding in New Zealand and Implications for mm Intensity and Seismic Hazard Assessment, (1997); 
Herwitz, Stanley R., Imaging from an unmanned aerial vehicle: Agricultural surveillance and decision support, Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 44, 1, pp. 49-61, (2004); 
Hsu, Yingsung, Impact of earthquake-induced dammed lakes on channel evolution and bed mobility: Case study of the Tsaoling landslide dammed lake, Journal of Hydrology, 374, 1-2, pp. 43-55, (2009); 
Jin, Shuanggen, Co-seismic ionospheric and deformation signals on the 2008 magnitude 8.0 Wenchuan Earthquake from GPS observations, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 31, 13, pp. 3535-3543, (2010); 
Korup, Oliver, Recent research on landslide dams - A literature review with special attention to New Zealand, Progress in Physical Geography, 26, 2, pp. 206-235, (2002)
PUBLISHER: Taylor and Francis Ltd. michael.wagreich@univie.ac.at
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Sun, P., Yin, Y., Wu, S.R., Chen, L.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Sun, Ping (26428429500); Yin, Yueping (55687306100); Wu, Shuren (15744734100); Chen, Liwei (57129195200)
26428429500; 55687306100; 15744734100; 57129195200
Does vertical seismic force play an important role for the failure mechanism of rock avalanches? A case study of rock avalanches triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake of May 12, 2008, Sichuan, China
(2012) Environmental Earth Sciences, 66 (5), pp. 1285 - 1293, Cited 34 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s12665-011-1338-8
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84862248392&doi=10.1007%2Fs12665-011-1338-8&partnerID=40&md5=ee7c164a901b26b5b808d8788a2bb227

AFFILIATIONS: Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China; Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China; China Institute of Geo-Environment Monitoring, Beijing, Beijing, China; China Nuclear Power Engineering Co.,Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
ABSTRACT: The Wenchuan earthquake triggered 15,000 rock avalanches, rockfalls and debris flows, causing a large number of causalities and widespread damage. Similar to many rock avalanches, field investigations showed that tensile failure often occurred at the back edge. Some soil and rock masses were moved so violently that material became airborne. The investigation indicates that this phenomenon was due to the effect of a large vertical seismic motion that occurred in the meizoseismal area during the earthquake. This paper analyses the effect of vertical earthquake force on the failure mechanism of a large rock avalanche using the Donghekou rock avalanche as an example. This deadly avalanche, which killed 780 people, initiated at an altitude of 1,300 m and had a total run-out distance of 2,400 m. The slide mass is mainly composed of Sinian limestone and dolomite limestone, together with Cambrian slate and phyllite. Static and dynamic stability analysis on the Donghekou rock avalanche has been performed using FLAC finite difference method software, under the actual seismic wave conditions as recorded on May 12, 2008. The results show that the combined horizontal and vertical peak acceleration caused a higher reduction in slope stability factor than horizontal peak acceleration alone. In addition, a larger area of tensile failure at the back edge of the avalanche was generated when horizontal and vertical peak acceleration were combined than when only horizontal acceleration was considered. The force of the large vertical component of acceleration was the main reason rock and soil masses became airborne during the earthquake. © 2011 Springer-Verlag.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Failure mechanism; Finite difference method; Rock avalanche; Vertical peak acceleration; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Earthquake effects; Miocene; Failure mechanism; Finite-difference methods; Horizontal peak acceleration; Rock avalanche; Rock-mass; Soil mass; Tensile failures; Vertical peak acceleration; Vertical seismic; Wenchuan Earthquake; Limestone; debris flow; earthquake trigger; failure mechanism; finite difference method; rock avalanche; rockfall; seismic moment; seismic wave; Sichuan earthquake 2008; software; Sinia
REFERENCES: 5th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering Rome Proceedings, (1973); 
undefined, (2012); 
Li, Xinpo, Seismically induced slope instabilities and the corresponding treatments: The case of a road in the Wenchuan earthquake hit region, Journal of Mountain Science, 6, 1, pp. 96-100, (2009); 
Northwest Seismol J, (2007); 
Scientia Sinica Series B, (1992); 
Geotechnique, (1965); 
Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, (1983); 
J Seismol Res, (1983); 
Sun, Ping, Experimental study on shear strength of rocks from Donghekou landslide in Qingchuan County, Sichuan Province, Geological Bulletin of China, 28, 8, pp. 1163-1167, (2009); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2009)
PUBLISHER: Springer Verlag
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zhang, S., Zhang, L.M., Peng, M., Zhang, L.L., Zhao, H.F., Chen, H.X.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhang, Shuai (55092670700); Zhang, Limin Min (58883008100); Peng, Ming (37108434300); Zhang, Lulu (58433875100); Zhao, H. F. (59805100000); Chen, Hongxin (55089538300)
55092670700; 58883008100; 37108434300; 58433875100; 59805100000; 55089538300
Assessment of risks of loose landslide deposits formed by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake
(2012) Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 12 (5), pp. 1381 - 1392, Cited 78 times.
DOI: 10.5194/nhess-12-1381-2012
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84860797540&doi=10.5194%2Fnhess-12-1381-2012&partnerID=40&md5=67a5de235243b26834655b83d723721c

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
ABSTRACT: A Geographic Information System (GIS)-based quantitative risk assessment methodology was adopted to evaluate the risks of loose deposits formed by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake along a highway near the epicenter. A total of 305 loose deposits with a total volume of 4.0 107 m3 has been identified. A physical model was used to determine the failure probability of these loose deposits under six rainfall scenarios, assuming the loose deposits as infinite slopes. The calculated probability of rain-induced slope failures is verified by the recorded landslides at the same site during a storm in 2010. Seventy-nine out of the 112 rain-induced loose deposit failures are predicted by the reliability analysis, with an accuracy of 71%. The results of reliability analysis and information on the consequence of these rain-induced landslides enable the estimation of the annual societal and individual risks of the loose deposits. Under the rainfall scenarios of 30 mm/12 h and 70 mm/12 h, the estimated annual societal risks reach 8.8 and 7.5, respectively, and the individual risks reach 0.05 and 0.04, respectively, which are very high compared with present risk acceptance criteria. The preliminary assessment provides a benchmark for studying the long-term risks of these loose deposits and engineering decision. © Author(s) 2012. CC Attribution 3.0 License.
INDEX KEYWORDS: accuracy assessment; benchmarking; GIS; landform evolution; landslide; probability; reliability analysis; risk assessment; Sichuan earthquake 2008; slope failure
REFERENCES: Probability Concepts in Engineering, (2007); 
Landslide risk management concepts and guidelines, Australian Geomechanics Journal, 35, 1, pp. 49-92, (2000); 
Cascini, Leonardo, Applicability of landslide susceptibility and hazard zoning at different scales, Engineering Geology, 102, 3-4, pp. 164-177, (2008); 
Chang, Dongsheng, Field testing of erodibility of two landslide dams triggered by the 12 May Wenchuan earthquake, Landslides, 8, 3, pp. 321-332, (2011); 
Corominas, Jordi, The angle of reach as a mobility index for small and large landslides, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 33, 2, pp. 260-271, (1996); 
Landslide Risk Assessment, (1997); 
Fell, Robin, Landslide risk assessment and acceptable risk, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 31, 2, pp. 261-272, (1994); 
Fell, Robin, Guidelines for landslide susceptibility, hazard and risk zoning for land use planning, Engineering Geology, 102, 3-4, pp. 85-98, (2008); 
Finlay, P. J., Landslide risk assessment: Prediction of travel distance, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 36, 3, pp. 556-562, (1999); 
Fredlund, Delwyin G., Equations for the soil-water characteristic curve, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 31, 4, pp. 521-532, (1994)
PUBLISHER: Copernicus GmbH info@copernicus.org
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Liu, B.-T., Tao, H.-P., Liu, S.-Q., Yu, H., Kong, B.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Liu, Bintao (35211116300); Tao, Heping (18434979000); Liu, Shaoquan (7409466331); Yu, Hui (55515499400); Kong, Bo (57204692689)
35211116300; 18434979000; 7409466331; 55515499400; 57204692689
Dynamics of regional ecological frangibility under natural hazard stress: A case study in Qingping Town of Sichuan Province, Southwest China
(2012) Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 23 (1), pp. 193 - 198, Cited 9 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84860194740&partnerID=40&md5=097841fe9015acbf162e0f3c90d6a6e2

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: By using the aerial remote sensing images after May 12, 2008(the date of catastrophic Wenchuan Earthquake) and the unmanned aircraft vehicle remote sensing images after August 13, 2010(the date of extraordinary debris flow), and in combining with the land use map (1:10000), topographic map(1:50000), and collected field investigation data of Qingping Town, Mianzhu City of Sichuan Province in 2006, this paper analyzed and evaluated the ecological frangibility of the Town. In the Town, the slightly, lightly, moderately, heavily, and extremely fragile ecological zones after the extraordinary debris flow occupied 1.9%, 7.9%, 18.7%, 23.0%, and 48.5%, respectively, with the area of heavily and extremely fragile ecological zones accounting for 71.5% of the total, being 238.45 km2, i. e., the ecological environment was overall very fragile. Under the impact of the two natural hazards, the ecological frangibility degree of the Town increased obviously. As compared with that before the Earthquake, the area of heavily and extremely fragile ecological zones after the Earthquake increased by 12.4%, and the area of extremely fragile ecological zone was 1.67 times larger. The dynamic evolution of the ecological frangibility of the Town was mainly manifested in the conversion of heavily fragile ecological zone into extremely fragile ecological zone. Complex terrain was the key factor of the ecological frangibility of the Town.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Dynamic change; Ecological frangibility; Natural hazard; Qingping
INDEX KEYWORDS: aerial photograph; airborne survey; catastrophic event; complex terrain; debris flow; ecological zonation; forest dynamics; geological mapping; natural hazard; remote sensing; Sichuan earthquake 2008; article; China; disaster; earthquake; ecosystem; environmental monitoring; population dynamics; risk assessment; theoretical model; Disasters; Earthquakes; Ecosystem; Environmental Monitoring; Models, Theoretical; Population Dynamics; Remote Sensing Technology; Risk Assessment; Mianzhu; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Guang-Cai, X. U., Advances in research on ecological vulnerability, Shengtai Xuebao, 29, 5, pp. 2578-2588, (2009); 
Journal of Lanzhou University Natural Sciences, (2003); 
Cui, Shenghui, Progress of the ecological security research, Shengtai Xuebao, 25, 4, pp. 861-868, (2005); 
Yunnan Geographic Environment Research, (2008); 
Acta Ecologica Sinica, (1989); 
Journal of Desert Research, (1991); 
Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, (2004); 
Chen, Liding, The evaluation of eco-environmental susceptibility to human activity in Yulin region, Chinese Geographical Science, 6, 1, pp. 57-65, (1995); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2003); 
Journal of Natural Resources, (1997)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wang, X., Nie, G., Ma, M.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wang, Xiuying (55736957400); Nie, Gaozhong (8728895400); Ma, Mujun (43061262100)
55736957400; 8728895400; 43061262100
Application of multiple ground motion factors in earthquake-induced landslide hazard evaluation
(2012) Acta Seismologica Sinica, 34 (1), pp. 76 - 84, Cited 6 times.
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-3782.2012.01.007
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84859408711&doi=10.3969%2Fj.issn.0253-3782.2012.01.007&partnerID=40&md5=c772913d89b09ac2e312b3d609661af5

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Crustal Dynamics, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing, China; Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China; National Earthquake Response Support Service, Beijing, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Earthquake-induced landslide is a catastrophic earthquake secondary disaster. The triggering factor of earthquake plays very important role in this kind of disaster. Many parameters can represent the influence factor of the earthquake. However, there are differences among their representative capabilities, which will exert great influence on the evaluation/forcasting result if these parameters are used. A method of combining the parameters into one is given based on Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The discrepancy and difference between parameters can be compensated in this way. The calculated example shows that the result based on the combination of these parameters is far better than those obtained from single ones. This proves the feasibility of applying this method to evaluation of other kind of earthquake hazards.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Combined application; Disaster evaluation; Earthquake influence factor; Earthquake-induced landslide; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: analytical hierarchy process; catastrophic event; disaster management; earthquake trigger; ground motion; landslide; seismic hazard; Sichuan earthquake 2008
REFERENCES: undefined, (2000); 
undefined, (2006); 
undefined, (2008); 
undefined, (2003); 
undefined, (2008); 
undefined, (1997); 
undefined, (2003); 
undefined, (2009); 
undefined, (2009); 
undefined, (2009)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Chen, B., Li, Z., He, Q., Li, J., Su, Y., Zhang, Z., Liu, Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Chen, Bo (55552949100); Li, Zhihua (55707231700); He, Qian (54881416400); Li, Jiyue (36174439800); Su, Yan (55705013300); Zhang, Zhongyou (56068861300); Liu, Yuxian (55154628400)
55552949100; 55707231700; 54881416400; 36174439800; 55705013300; 56068861300; 55154628400
Studies of non-structural carbohydrates of Cupressus funebris in cifferent landslides after Wenchuan Earthquake
(2012) Shengtai Xuebao, 32 (3), pp. 999 - 1006, Cited 3 times.
DOI: 10.5846/stxb201105130623
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84859148325&doi=10.5846%2Fstxb201105130623&partnerID=40&md5=27a76eedd4132282f89772096474bc4c

AFFILIATIONS: College of Forestry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Science and Technology Promotion Station of Forestry, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: 2008 Wenchuan "5.12" destructive earthquake, not only directly destroy forest 17. 3 million hm2, but also bring potential threat to existing forest by changing soil and firewood habitat within. Major species Cupressus funebris was selected in this study, which was in the Beichuan and its surrounding areas in the earthquake disaster areas. In three states: severe landslides, landslides and non-landslides, soluble sugar and starch contents were measured in early June 2009 (early summer) and early in October (autumn). It aims to explore the responses of carbohydrates of Cupressus funebris to Wenchuan earthquake in the earthquake zone, in order to provide theoretical basis and practical guidance for studying the impact of carbohydrates and adaption to stress after the earthquake. The results show that: earthquake has a greater influence on contents of carbohydrates of Cupressus funebris; the severe landslides have higher soluble sugar contents, and low starch contents in the roots; The soluble sugar contents in leaves, branches and roots of severe landslides in early summer are (11.44±1.08)%, (4.64±0.42)%, (5.48±0.51)% respectively. To different organs, the soluble sugar contents showed leaves>roots>branches and leaf starch contents>branch>root; carbohydrate content in early summer were higher than in autumn. Only soluble sugar and starch contents in different seasons showed significant differences(P< 0.05), indicating that leaves of Cupressus funebris are more sensitive to earthquakes. That indicated earthquake caused disaster such as landslides and collapses have great effects on physiological activities of plants and did not conducive to tree growth.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Cupressus funebris; Soluble sugar; Starch; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: coniferous tree; earthquake damage; earthquake intensity; earthquake magnitude; forest soil; landslide; physiological response; seismic zone; Sichuan earthquake 2008; starch; sugar; Beichuan; China; Sichuan; Cupressus; Cupressus funebris
REFERENCES: J Mountain Science, (2008); 
J Mount Sci, (2008); 
Liu, Chiungpin, Effects of the 921 earthquake on the water quality in the upper stream at the Guandaushi experimental forest, Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 179, 1-4, pp. 19-27, (2007); 
Schuster, Robert L., Overview of the effects of mass wasting on the natural environment, Environmental and Engineering Geoscience, 13, 1, pp. 25-44, (2007); 
Allen, Robert B., Immediate damage by an earthquake to a temperate montane forest, Ecology, 80, 2, pp. 708-714, (1999); 
Vittoz, Pascal, Earthquake impacts in old-growth Nothofagus forests in New Zealand, Journal of Vegetation Science, 12, 3, pp. 417-426, (2001); 
Science of Soil and Water Conservation, (2008); 
Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis, (2009); 
Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences, (2009); 
Journal of Institute of Disaster Prevention Science and Technology, (2009)
PUBLISHER: Science Press
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zheng, L., Chen, G.Q., Zen, K., Kasama, K.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zheng, Lu (55273034500); Chen, Guangqi (55577206900); Zen, Kouki (7005542818); Kasama, Kiyonobu (7005670209)
55273034500; 55577206900; 7005542818; 7005670209
Numerical validation of Multiplex Acceleration Model for earthquake induced landslides
(2012) Geomechanics and Engineering, 4 (1), pp. 39 - 53, Cited 6 times.
DOI: 10.12989/gae.2012.4.1.039
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84858956414&doi=10.12989%2Fgae.2012.4.1.039&partnerID=40&md5=53536c08b90766b297b201759861b6c7

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Japan
ABSTRACT: Due to strong ground motion of earthquake, the material in the landslide can travel a significant distance from the source. A new landslide model called Multiplex Acceleration Model (MAM) has been proposed to interpret the mechanism of long run-out movement of this type of landslide, considering earthquake behaviors on slope and landslide materials. In previous study, this model was verified by a shaking table test. However, there is a scale limitation of shaking table test to investigate MAM in detail. Thus, numerical simulation was carried out in this study to validate MAM under full scale. A huge rock ejected and A truck threw upwards by seismic force during Wenchuan Earthquake (Ms. 8.0) was discussed based on the simulation results. The results indicate that collisions in P-phase of earthquake and trampoline effect are important behaviors to interpret the mechanism of long run-out and high velocity. The results show that MAM is acceptable and applicable.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Earthquake; Long run-out landslides; Multiplex acceleration model; Trampoline effect; UDEC
INDEX KEYWORDS: Earthquake effects; Geophysics; Landslides; Multiplexing; Earthquake-induced landslides; Long run outs; Multiplex acceleration models; Numerical validations; Shaking table tests; Strong ground motion; Trampoline effects; UDEC; Earthquakes
REFERENCES: Bhasin, Rajinder Kumar, Static and dynamic simulation of a 700-m high rock slope in western Norway, Engineering Geology, 71, 3-4, pp. 213-226, (2004); 
Bird, Juliet F., Earthquake losses due to ground failure, Engineering Geology, 75, 2, pp. 147-179, (2004); 
Chang, Kuo Jen, Analysis of landsliding by earthquake shaking using a block-on-slope thermo-mechanical model: Example of Jiufengershan landslide, central Taiwan, Engineering Geology, 80, 1-2, pp. 151-163, (2005); 
Chen, Guangqi, A new model for long-distance movement of earthquake induced landslide, (2010); 
Proceedings of the Symposium of the International Society of Rock Mechanics, (1971); 
A Generalised Distinct Element Program for Modelling Jointed Rock, (1980); 
Davies, Timothy R.H., Dynamic simulation of the motion of fragmenting rock avalanches, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 39, 4, pp. 789-798, (2002); 
Gerolymos, Nikos A., Numerical modeling of seismic triggering, evolution, and deposition of rapid landslides: Application to Higashi-Takezawa (2004), International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, 34, 4, pp. 383-407, (2010); 
Havenith, Hans Balder, Earthquake-induced landslide hazards in mountain regions: A review of case histories from Central Asia, Geologica Belgica, 13, 3, pp. 137-152, (2010); 
Hungr, Oldrich, A model for the runout analysis of rapid flow slides, debris flows, and avalanches, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 32, 4, pp. 610-623, (1995)
PUBLISHER: Techno Press technop2@chollian.net
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Ma, Y., Cai, Y., Tan, D., Hu, Z.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Ma, Yunbin (44661572100); Cai, Yongjun (59825077700); Tan, Dongjie (35111859800); Hu, Zhixin (56225756000)
44661572100; 59825077700; 35111859800; 56225756000
Design and application of long distance oil & gas pipeline stress & strain monitoring sensor
(2012) Advanced Materials Research, 383-390, pp. 1458 - 1462, Cited 2 times.
DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.383-390.1458
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-83755170529&doi=10.4028%2Fwww.scientific.net%2FAMR.383-390.1458&partnerID=40&md5=d11e87a82199097377b060fd39627add

AFFILIATIONS: Automation Institute, PetroChina Pipeline R and D Center, Langfang, Hebei, China; Mecho-Electronics Department, Chang'an University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
ABSTRACT: As Oil & Gas Pipeline of Long Distance has potential mechanical risks caused by geologic hazards, based on sensing technique, Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) strain sensor, for which unstressed grating temperature compensation method is adopted, is designed to solve problems of FBG temperature and strain cross sensitivity. According to experimental tests, strain sensitive coefficients of the sensor before and after sticking on pipeline sample are 1.20 pm/με and 1.09 pm/με in separate. Finally, applied to a landslide area for monitoring pipeline stress, the sensor got the impact of Wenchuan Earthquake on May 12, 2008 on the pipeline.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Fiber Bragg Grating sensor; Oil & gas pipeline of long distance; Strain monitoring; Temperature compensation
INDEX KEYWORDS: Cross sensitivity; Design and application; Experimental test; Fiber Bragg grating (fbg); Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors; Geologic hazards; Long distances; Pipeline stress; Sensing techniques; Strain monitoring; Strain sensors; Temperature compensation; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes; Fiber optic sensors; Gas hazards; Gas pipelines; Manufacture; Pipe; Sensors; Stresses; Technology; Temperature distribution; Fiber Bragg gratings
REFERENCES: Hu, Zhixin, Oil pipeline sliding monitoring system based on fiber Bragg grating sensor, Guangzi Xuebao/Acta Photonica Sinica, 39, 1, pp. 33-36, (2010); 
Udd, Eric, Advanced strain measurement applications of fiber optic grating sensors, Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, 2872, pp. 18-23, (1996); 
Journal of Applied Optics, (2005); 
Rao, Yunjiang Rao, In-fiber bragg-grating temperature sensor system for medical applications, Journal of Lightwave Technology, 15, 5, pp. 779-784, (1997)
SPONSORS: Singapore Institute of Electronics
CONFERENCE NAME: 2011 International Conference on Manufacturing Science and Technology, ICMST 2011
CONFERENCE DATE: 2011-09-16 through 2011-09-18
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Fayou, F., Kong, J., Ni, Z.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Fayou, A. (36607707800); Kong, Jiming (55793897000); Ni, Zhenqiang (36976028800)
36607707800; 55793897000; 36976028800
The deformation and failure mechanism of the excavation damage soil slope under the action of seismic load
(2012) Advanced Materials Research, 382, pp. 444 - 449, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.382.444
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-83655197953&doi=10.4028%2Fwww.scientific.net%2FAMR.382.444&partnerID=40&md5=453fa2ed444e9a62a2749b930120e8f4

AFFILIATIONS: Faculty of Land Resource Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Wenchuan earthquak induced a large number of mountain hazards. Through the survey found that manual excavation slopes tend to become concentrated area of mountain disaster, it's indicate that the effect of excavation damage on the slope deformation and failure under seismic load is very obvious. Soil slope deformation as one types of mountain hazards induced by Wenchuan earthquake, and it's also seriously affected by excavation damage. In this paper, as Shui Caoping landslide for example, using the finite element method to simulate the landslide and analysis the overall stability and the local deformation and failure of slope affected by the excavation damage. Analysis shows that the local damage is significantly induced by excavation, and resulting in vertical stress and plastic strain increased in the local of slope near the excavation face. While excavating also has the role of unloading. The results basic agreement with the characteristics of the slope deformation and failure induced by Wenchuan earthquake.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Deformation and failure; Earthquake; Excavation damage; Soilslope
INDEX KEYWORDS: Deformation and failure mechanism; Excavation slope; Local damage; Local deformations; Mountain hazard; Seismic load; Slope deformation; Soil slopes; Soilslope; Vertical stress; Wenchuan Earthquake; Deformation; Earthquakes; Finite element method; Hazards; Landforms; Landslides; Unloading; Excavation
REFERENCES: Geology and Exploration, (2009); 
Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, (2009); 
Kong, Jiming, Typical case study on the development characteristics of fragmentation-sliding seismic landslide, Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 41, 3, pp. 119-124, (2009); 
Fayou, A., Analysis of seismic loading response for different excavation damaged slope, Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 42, SUPPL. 1, pp. 56-62, (2010); 
Xiao, Keqiang, Study on deformation characteristics of bedding slopes under earthquake, Yantu Lixue/Rock and Soil Mechanics, 28, 8, pp. 1557-1564, (2007)
SPONSORS: International Science and Education Researcher Association (ISER), Beijing Gireida Education Research Center, VIP-Information Conference Center
CONFERENCE NAME: 2011 International Conference on Advanced Research on Advanced Structure, Materials and Engineering, ASME 2011
CONFERENCE DATE: 2011-12-24 through 2011-12-25
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Yu, H., Cheng, S., Yang, G., Gao, Y., Zhang, Z., Peng, B., Xiong, G.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Yu, Hui (55515499400); Cheng, Song (7404685011); Yang, Gang (57075284200); Gao, Yongheng (23018740900); Zhang, Zhongyou (56068861300); Peng, Bo (57206264461); Xiong, Gang (54415223500)
55515499400; 7404685011; 57075284200; 23018740900; 56068861300; 57206264461; 54415223500
Changes in cupressus funebris and cryptomeria fortunei root parameters in landslides caused by the wenchuan earthquake
(2012) Advanced Materials Research, 378-379, pp. 381 - 384, Cited 1 times.
DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.378-379.381
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80955155515&doi=10.4028%2Fwww.scientific.net%2FAMR.378-379.381&partnerID=40&md5=912340d85fb20e7e25b37754d40a8d25

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Mianyang Center for Scientific and Technological Application of Forestry, Mianyang, Sichuan, China; Beichuan County Forestry Bureau, Beichuan, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Strong earthquakes (>7.0 M<inf>s</inf>) critically change pedosphere, how the changed soils disturb tree root growth related to forest restoration is unclear globally. Therefore, a total of 15 plots were established in non-removed and landslide areas of Cupressus funebris and Cryptomeria fortunei plantations near northern section of fault belt of Wenchuan Earthquake (8.0 M<inf>s</inf>) occurring in May 12, 2008, China. 112 and 114 small fine roots (≤2.0 mm in diameter) in all the plots were sampled in June and October of 2009. Mean tips length/length, area/ length, volume/length, mean tips length/biomass, specific root area and specific root length in 0.0-0.5, >0.5-1.0 and >1.0-2.0 mm diameters of roots were examined. This study revealed 1) root parameters did not respond to the landslide soils in the June, but did until the October, suggesting after many root tips and tiny roots die in winter, the roots lose sensitivity to a changing soil environment; 2) mean tips length/length and mean tips length/biomass decreased for Cupressus funebris, and increased for Cryptomeria fortunei as well as area/length and volume/length in the landslide soils, implying both species roots have different processes of forest restoration; 3) the smallest sized roots were more sensitive to the landslide soils than the other sized roots, which are better indicators for the forest restoration.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Conifer forests; Landslide; Root parameters; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Conifer forests; Different process; Fine roots; Forest restoration; Landslide soil; Root area; Root parameters; Root tip; Soil environment; Specific root length; Tree root growth; Wenchuan Earthquake; Conservation; Electronics engineering; Forestry; Landslides; Measurement theory; Restoration; Soils; Earthquakes; Coniferaldehyde; Forests; Measurement; Soil
REFERENCES: International Conference on Evironmental Pullotion and Public Health Held by IEEE, (2011); 
Cheng, Song, Light and tree size influence belowground development in yellow birch and sugar maple, Plant and Soil, 270, 1, pp. 321-330, (2005)
SPONSORS: International Science and Engineering Research Center, International Association for Scientific and High Technology
CONFERENCE NAME: 2012 International Conference on Applied Materials and Electronics Engineering, AMEE 2012
CONFERENCE DATE: 2012-01-18 through 2012-01-19
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Jiao, Q., Zhang, B., Liu, L., Hu, Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Jiao, Quanjun (23492392400); Zhang, Bing (8835983800); Liu, Liangyun (8600097300); Hu, Yong (57209789813)
23492392400; 8835983800; 8600097300; 57209789813
Estimating fractional vegetation cover in the Wenchuan earthquake disaster area using high-resolution airborne image and Landsat TM image
(2011) Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, 8006, art. no. 80062G, Cited 1 times.
DOI: 10.1117/12.902065
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84255170524&doi=10.1117%2F12.902065&partnerID=40&md5=3786b80a6e1b49aa2fd5da373f69029d

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Digital Earth, Center for Earth Observation and Digital Earth, Haidian, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: The fractional vegetation cover (Fvc) can be characterized by strong temporal dynamics that need to be considered for environmental recovery assessment in the Wenchuan earthquake disaster area. This study is to test the capacity of satellite remote sensing images in estimating fractional vegetation cover in the Sichuan disaster area. Two different spectral mixture analysis methods including N* and N*2 transformed from NDVI are applied for fractional vegetation cover estimation using Landsat TM image. High-resolution fractional vegetation cover production from airborne images is used for validation. The result shows that N* has the non linear relationship with airborne fractional vegetation cover values in this study area and N*2 takes a better performance (R2=0.993). In total, retrieved Fvc values from Landsat TM image have a strong relationship to those from airborne image, and can be used in environmental dynamics assessment in the Wenchuan Earthquake disaster area. © 2011 SPIE.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Airborne remote sensing; Fractional vegetation cover; Landsat TM; The wenchuan earthquake area
INDEX KEYWORDS: Airborne images; Airborne remote sensing; Disaster areas; Environmental dynamics; Fractional vegetation cover; High resolution; LANDSAT TM; Landsat TM images; Non-linear relationships; Satellite remote sensing; Sichuan; Spectral mixture analysis; Study areas; Temporal dynamics; Wenchuan Earthquake; Dynamics; Estimation; Geographic information systems; Image reconstruction; Information systems; Remote sensing; Vegetation; Earthquakes
REFERENCES: Lin, Wentzu, Eco-environmental changes assessment at the Chiufenershan landslide area caused by catastrophic earthquake in Central Taiwan, Ecological Engineering, 33, 3-4, pp. 220-232, (2008); 
Cochard, Roland, The 2004 tsunami in Aceh and Southern Thailand: A review on coastal ecosystems, wave hazards and vulnerability, Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics, 10, 1, pp. 3-40, (2008); 
Liu, Yang, Evaluating the vegetation destruction and recovery of Wenchuan earthquake using MODIS data, Natural Hazards, 54, 3, pp. 851-862, (2010); 
Choudhúry, Bhaskar J., Relations between evaporation coefficients and vegetation indices studied by model simulations, Remote Sensing of Environment, 50, 1, pp. 1-17, (1994); 
Boyd, Doreen S., Evaluation of approaches for forest cover estimation in the Pacific Northwest, USA, using remote sensing, Applied Geography, 22, 4, pp. 375-392, (2002); 
Pech, Roger P., Reflectance modelling and the derivation of vegetation indices for an Australian semi-arid shrubland, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 7, 3, pp. 389-403, (1986); 
Qi, Jiaguo Guo, Spatial and temporal dynamics of vegetation in the San Pedro River basin area, Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 105, 1-3, pp. 55-68, (2000); 
Rundquist, Bradley C., The influence of canopy green vegetation fraction on spectral measurements over native tallgrass prairie, Remote Sensing of Environment, 81, 1, pp. 129-135, (2002); 
Carlson, Toby Nahum, On the relation between NDVI, fractional vegetation cover, and leaf area index, Remote Sensing of Environment, 62, 3, pp. 241-252, (1997); 
Patel, Naranbhai K., Study of fractional vegetation cover using high spectral resolution data, Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing, 35, 1, pp. 73-79, (2007)
SPONSORS: Natl. Key Lab. Sci. Technol. Multi-spectral Inf. Process., Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Guilin University of Electronic Technology
CONFERENCE NAME: MIPPR 2011: Remote Sensing Image Processing, Geographic Information Systems, and Other Applications
CONFERENCE DATE: 2011-11-04 through 2011-11-06
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Ma, Y., Chen, Y., Tan, D., Ma, T.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Ma, Yunbin (44661572100); Chen, Yingjie (54392611700); Tan, Dongjie (35111859800); Ma, Tao (58385263900)
44661572100; 54392611700; 35111859800; 58385263900
Study on application of fiber bragg grating strain tube in deep displacement monitoring of pipeline landslide
(2011), pp. 1438 - 1444, Cited 4 times.
DOI: 10.1061/41202(423)152
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-83655198630&doi=10.1061%2F41202%28423%29152&partnerID=40&md5=473d50ac4f71399045e9a47f8ad73e00

AFFILIATIONS: Automation Institute, PetroChina Pipeline Company, Lanzhou, Hebei, China; China Petroleum EngineeringandConstuction Corp, China; Pipeline Jagedaqi Oil and Gas Transportation Sub-company, China
ABSTRACT: A method for monitoring deep displacement of pipeline landslide based on Fiber Bragg Grating strain (FBG) tube is proposed in this paper to solve the problem of landslide that threatens pipeline safety. Based on the characteristics of fiber Bragg grating such as compact volume, corrosion prevention, electromagnetic interference resistance, good stability and easy wave division multiplex, a FBG strain tube is designed. Such FBG strain tube has a guide channel inside, which made declinometer applicable. 4 sets of FBG strain tubes that installed in 110 mm boreholes extending 5 m beneath bedrock have been successfully applied to a pipeline landslide of large scale in Sichuan Province. In addition, a sensing network was established and an automatic real time monitoring system which successfully monitored the impact of Wenchuan Earthquake on pipeline landslide was formed. According to comparison of gained data with that measured by declinometer, this monitoring method is demonstrated to be feasible. © 2011 ASCE.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: declinometer; Erlangmiao pipeline landslide; Fiber Bragg Grating Strain Tube; Monitoring of Pipeline Landslide
INDEX KEYWORDS: declinometer; Displacement monitoring; Fiber Bragg; Good stability; Monitoring methods; Pipeline safety; Real time monitoring system; Sensing networks; Sichuan province; Wenchuan Earthquake; Corrosion prevention; Earthquakes; Electromagnetic pulse; Fibers; Landslides; Petroleum pipelines; Sewers; Tubes (components); Fiber Bragg gratings
REFERENCES: Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument, (2001); 
J Applied Optics, (2009); 
Hu, Zhixin, Oil pipeline sliding monitoring system based on fiber Bragg grating sensor, Guangzi Xuebao/Acta Photonica Sinica, 39, 1, pp. 33-36, (2010)
SPONSORS: Pipeline Div. Am. Soc. Civ. Eng. (ASCE), China-U.S. Jt. Cent. Trenchless R D China Univ. Geosci., Cent. Underground Infrastruct. Res. Educ. Univ. Texas Arlington, School of Engineering of China University of Geosciences, Soil Rock Drill. Prot. Eng. Res. Cent. China Minist. Educ.
CONFERENCE NAME: International Conference on Pipelines and Trenchless Technology 2011: Sustainable Solutions for Water, Sewer, Gas, and Oil Pipelines, ICPTT 2011
CONFERENCE DATE: 2011-10-26 through 2011-10-29
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Tang, J., Wang, J., Zhao, G.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Tang, Jialu (56000196900); Wang, Ju (56000466500); Zhao, Gongzheng (56000012800)
56000196900; 56000466500; 56000012800
NGOs and their roles during post-earthquake reconstruction
(2011), pp. 143 - 161, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-6436-6_8
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84892349601&doi=10.1007%2F978-1-4419-6436-6_8&partnerID=40&md5=06abd380eea2e5a52417197546ebffa9

AFFILIATIONS: Centre of Research PIPS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, Hauts-de-France, France; Department of Economics and Management, China Academy of Safety Science and Technology, Beijing, China; National Development and Reform Commission, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: This paper aims to discuss the role of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in China, during the Wenchuan earthquake and the participation of NGOs in natural resource management after the disaster. We focus on NGOs working in the area of environmental protection and examine their roles, performance, and coordination with the government. In addition, we observe their long-term planning for post-disaster reconstruction, and analyze their management and their role in work related to ecological restoration after the disaster. This analysis illustrates that the collaboration of NGOs in earthquake relief and post-earthquake reconstruction contributes greater flexibility to public resource management, thus illustrating the benefits of a complementary relationship in disaster management between the government and the non-governmental sector. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.
REFERENCES: Nonprofit Sector in the Developing World, (1998); 
Development Economics Discussion Paper Series, (1999); 
Clarke, Gerard, Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and politics in the developing world, Political Studies, 46, 1, pp. 36-52, (1998); 
Cooper, Caroline M., This is our way in': The civil society of environmental NGOs in South-West China, Government and Opposition, 41, 1, pp. 109-136, (2006); 
Journal of Wuhan Univeristy of Science and Technique Social Science Edtion, (2009); 
Fehr, Ernst, Cooperation and punishment in public goods experiments, American Economic Review, 90, 4, pp. 980-994, (2000); 
Yang, Guobin, Environmental NGOs and institutional dynamics in China, China Quarterly, 181, pp. 46-66, (2005); 
Xue Hui, (2009); 
Study of Ngos Participated in Urgent Rescue of Wenchuan Earthquake, (2009); 
Man Nature, (2005)
PUBLISHER: Springer New York
DOCUMENT TYPE: Book chapter
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zhou, X.J., Cui, P., Chen, X.Q., Zhu, X., Li, Z.L.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhou, Xiaojun (57198476576); Cui, Peng (56706923500); Chen, Xiaoqing (55739112600); Zhu, Xinghua (55696606100); Li, Zhanlu (8726157100)
57198476576; 56706923500; 55739112600; 55696606100; 8726157100
Stress-strain characteristics of remolded soil in the weathered layer of Beichuan sandy slate in Wenchuan seismic area
(2011), Cited 0 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84867183411&partnerID=40&md5=49e823add02a2d43b64d61bdd28de340

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: A great amount of surface destruction and soil disturbance are produced after the Wenchuan earthquake. The disturbed soil may easily cause erosion, collapse, landslide and other disasters. This paper studies the stress-strain relationship and strength of remolded soil through variables of confining pressure, shear rates, and consolidation time. The change of shear strength was discussed under different experimental conditions, and shearing process and deformation shapes were analyzed. The results show that stress-strain curves present strain-hardening phenomenon, and the confining pressure is the most influential among the va-riables. For the remolded soil, the cohesion is 20.99KPa and friction angle is 22.7°. When the soil strain reaches to 20%, there is no obvious failure surface, but only radial barrel deformation and well-balanced out-side form.
INDEX KEYWORDS: Confining pressures; Consolidation time; Disturbed soil; Experimental conditions; Failure surface; Friction angles; Remolded soils; Seismic area; Shearing process; Soil disturbances; Stress strain characteristics; Stress-strain relationships; Wenchuan Earthquake; Deformation; Earthquakes; Geotechnical engineering; Rock pressure; Soil mechanics; Stress-strain curves; Soils
REFERENCES: Aksu, Ali Engin, Shingled Quaternary debris flow lenses on the north‐east Newfoundland Slope, Sedimentology, 39, 2, pp. 193-206, (1992); 
Cai, Zhengyin, Development of dilatancy theory and constitutive model of sand, Yantu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 29, 8, pp. 1122-1128, (2007); 
Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, (2000); 
Chen, Ningsheng, Testing study on strength reduction of gravelly soil in triggering area of debris flow under earthquake, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 23, 16, pp. 2743-2747, (2004); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2001); 
Chen, Xiaoqing, Artificial rainfall experimental study on landslide translation to debris flow, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 25, 1, pp. 106-116, (2006); 
Cheng, Zhanlin, Experimental study on mechanical behaviour of granular material, Yantu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 29, 8, pp. 1151-1158, (2007); 
Fredlund, Delwyin G., Predicting the permeability function for unsaturated soils using the soil-water characteristic curve, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 31, 4, pp. 533-546, (1994); 
Soil Mechanics for Unsaturated Soils, (1993); 
Research on Debris Flow in China, (2004)
CONFERENCE NAME: 14th Asian Regional Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, ARC 2011
CONFERENCE DATE: 2011-05-23 through 2011-05-27
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wang, G.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wang, Gonghui (8532560900)
8532560900
Sample of long-traveled landslides triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake (M8.0), China, and their possible movement mechanisms
(2011), Cited 0 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84867158925&partnerID=40&md5=bc481324f2afce1268329a6d16a4afa7

AFFILIATIONS: Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
ABSTRACT: The 2008 Wenchuan (M8.0) earthquake struck Sichuan province of China, causing hundreds of thousands of deaths and injuries, and great loss of properties. More than 45000 landslides were triggered by this quake, causing a big portion of the casualties directly. We made detailed investigations of some catastrophic landslides after the quake. In this report, two long-traveled landslides occurring in Xiejiadian area in Pengzhou city and Donghekou area in Qingchuan County are described. Basing on the field investigation and laboratory undrained shear tests on the samples from the fields, the possible mechanisms of initiation and movement for these two landslides were examined.
INDEX KEYWORDS: Catastrophic landslides; Field investigation; Movement mechanism; Sichuan province; Undrained shear; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes; Geotechnical engineering; Soil mechanics; Landslides
REFERENCES: Chigira, Masahiro, Landslides induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China, Geomorphology, 118, 3-4, pp. 225-238, (2010); 
Seismology and Geology, (1994); 
Journal of Geography, (2003); 
Ishihara, Kenjii, Liquefaction and flow failure during earthquakes, Geotechnique, 43, 3, pp. 351-451, (1993); 
Kuenza, Karma, Undrained torsional shear tests on gravelly soils, Landslides, 1, 3, pp. 185-194, (2004); 
Geological Atlas of China, (2002); 
Wang, Gonghui, Experimental study on the shearing behavior of saturated silty soils based on ring-shear tests, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering - ASCE, 133, 3, pp. 319-333, (2007); 
A Large Landslide Triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan M8 0 Earthquake Insights for Seismic Motion, (2010); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2008)
CONFERENCE NAME: 14th Asian Regional Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, ARC 2011
CONFERENCE DATE: 2011-05-23 through 2011-05-27
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Towhata, I., Qiao, J.P.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Towhata, Ikuo (7004309093); Qiao, Jianping (24485090400)
7004309093; 24485090400
Debris flows in Sichuan province in China two years after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake
(2011), Cited 0 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84867153775&partnerID=40&md5=f919ae19c2f35fa140f96cff3820a363

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: One of the important points of discussion in the recent disaster mitigation studies is the compound effect of two different types of disaster mechanisms. The present study concerns the compound effect of earthquake and heavy rainfall on slope disasters and a field visit was made of several sites of recent rainfall-induced debris flow in Sichuan Province in China where a past earthquake caused significant slope failures (Fig. 1). It was found that the recent debris flows came from the huge amount of valley deposits that were produced by slope failures during the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake (Fig. 2). Because there still remain debris deposits in the valleys, future risk of debris flow is still high. The risk is made higher when human habitation is located at the exit of a valley and debris flow can directly hit houses and buildings. When the slope surface does not have a stable soil layer, erosion upon rainfalls prevents growth of vegetation and delays the re-stabilization of the slope (Fig. 3). With these situations and the limited availability of financial resources for mitigation of natural disasters, the authors propose the use of inexpensive slope monitoring and early warning for safety of local people (Fig. 4).
INDEX KEYWORDS: Compound effect; Debris flows; Disaster mitigation; Early warning; Financial resources; Heavy rainfall; Human habitation; Local people; Natural disasters; Sichuan province; Slope disaster; Slope failure; Slope monitoring; Slope surfaces; Soil layer; Wenchuan Earthquake; Deposits; Earthquakes; Landforms; Rain; Slope protection; Slope stability; Soil mechanics; Stabilization; Debris
REFERENCES: Features and the Distribution of Landslides Induced by the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake Sichuan China, (2009); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2010); 
Towhata, Ikuo, Lessons from Earthquakes in Recent Times and their Effects on the Development of Geotechnology, Soils and Foundations, 50, 6, pp. 925-935, (2010); 
5th International Conference on Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering, (2011); 
Uchimura, Taro, Simple monitoring method for precaution of landslides watching tilting and water contents on slopes surface, Landslides, 7, 3, pp. 351-357, (2010)
CONFERENCE NAME: 14th Asian Regional Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, ARC 2011
CONFERENCE DATE: 2011-05-23 through 2011-05-27
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zheng, L., Chen, G.Q., Zen, K., Kasama, K.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zheng, Lu (55273034500); Chen, Guangqi (55577206900); Zen, Kouki (7005542818); Kasama, Kiyonobu (7005670209)
55273034500; 55577206900; 7005542818; 7005670209
Validation of trampoline effect for earthquake induced landslides using numerical analysis
(2011) Memoirs of the Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, 71 (4), pp. 127 - 139, Cited 2 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84862937091&partnerID=40&md5=bf1c5ed594bda895da08bb7671d31daf

ABSTRACT: Trampoline effect is introduced to interpret the mechanism of long run-out movement of earthquake-induced landslide in Multiplex Acceleration Model (MAM). In previous study, this model was verified by a shaking table test. However, there is a scale limitation of shaking table test to investigate MAM in detail. Thus, numerical simulation was carried out in this study to validate MAM with respect to field phenomenon in Wenchuan Earthquake (Ms. 8.0). A truck threw upwards by seismic force was discussed based on the simulation results. The results indicate that trampoline effect could be composed by continuous collisions in P-Phases of earthquake and makes the intensity grow up. The results show that MAM is acceptable and applicable.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Earthquake-induced landslides; Long runout; Multiplex Acceleration Model; Trampoline effect; UDEC
INDEX KEYWORDS: Acceleration models; Long runout; Multiplex Acceleration Model; Seismic forces; Shaking table tests; Trampoline effect; UDEC; Wenchuan Earthquake; Computer simulation; Landslides; Multiplexing; Numerical analysis; Earthquakes; earthquake magnitude; landslide; mathematical analysis; model validation; numerical model; shaking table test; Sichuan earthquake 2008; vibration; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Keefer, David K., LANDSLIDES CAUSED BY EARTHQUAKES., Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 95, 4, pp. 406-421, (1984); 
Landslides, (1996); 
Rodríguez, Carlos E., Earthquake-induced landslides: 1980-1997, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 18, 5, pp. 325-346, (1999); 
Keefer, David K., Investigating landslides caused by earthquakes - A historical review, Surveys in Geophysics, 23, 6, pp. 473-510, (2002); 
Bird, Juliet F., Earthquake losses due to ground failure, Engineering Geology, 75, 2, pp. 147-179, (2004); 
Havenith, Hans Balder, Earthquake-induced landslide hazards in mountain regions: A review of case histories from Central Asia, Geologica Belgica, 13, 3, pp. 137-152, (2010); 
Chen, Guangqi, A new model for long-distance movement of earthquake induced landslide, (2010); 
Newmark, Nathan M., Effects of earthquakes on dams and embankments, Geotechnique, 15, 2, pp. 139-160, (1965); 
Luzi, L., Applications of statistical and GIS techniques to slope instability zonation (1:50.000 Fabriano geological map sheet), Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 15, 2, pp. 83-94, (1996); 
Miles, Scott B., Rigorous landslide hazard zonation using Newmark's method and stochastic ground motion simulation, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 18, 4, pp. 305-323, (1999)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

You, Y., Liu, J., Chen, X.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: You, Yong (35811595800); Liu, Jinfeng (59454532200); Chen, Xingzhang (25623240400)
35811595800; 59454532200; 25623240400
Disaster characteristics and optimal design of drainage canal of debris flow following Wenchuan earthquake in Weigou Gully in Beichuan County, Sichuan Province, China
(2011) International Conference on Debris-Flow Hazards Mitigation: Mechanics, Prediction, and Assessment, Proceedings, pp. 805 - 811, Cited 2 times.
DOI: 10.4408/IJEGE.2011-03.B-088
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84861642132&doi=10.4408%2FIJEGE.2011-03.B-088&partnerID=40&md5=a4921297f45bf304dc2e057570f4bf10

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; School of Environment and Resource, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: The Weigou Gully, a branch of Pingtong River, is located in Guixi Township, Beichuan County. The area was seriously affected by the Wenchuan earthquake and its aftermath. Debris flows occurred on September 24, 2008, July 14, 2009, and September 10, 2009, threatening the safety of the inhabitants and their property. Debris flows in Weigou Gully were mainly supplied by landslides triggered by the earthquake. The debris flows had characteristics of high frequency, high bulk density and coarse particle size. Following the earthquake, the frequency of debris flows increased. Based on the analysis of the disaster characteristics, the optimal cross-section design method for the "trapezoid-v" shaped debris flow drainage canal of the Weigou Gully is discussed. The depths (h <inf>1</inf> and h <inf>2</inf>) of the cross-section of the "trapezoid-v" shaped drainage canal and the optimal cross-section parameters using these two measurements are defined. In addition, several formulas for calculating the cross-section measurements are deduced under optimal hydraulic conditions when discharge (Q), debris grain composition (D <inf>50</inf> and D <inf>10</inf>) and longitudinal ratio (I) are known. Finally, the optimal dimensions for the cross-section of the Weigou Gully debris flow canal are determined. © 2011 Casa Editrice Università La Sapienza.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Beichuan County; Debris flow hazards; Drainage canal; Optimal design; Weigou Gully; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Beichuan County; Debris flow hazards; Drainage canals; Optimal design; Weigou Gully; Wenchuan Earthquake; Canals; Earthquakes; Hazards; Hydraulic structures; Optimal systems; Structural optimization; Debris
REFERENCES: Beichuan County Annals, (1996); 
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences, (2008); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2008); 
Cui, Peng, The Wenchuan Earthquake (May 12, 2008), Sichuan Province, China, and resulting geohazards, Natural Hazards, 56, 1, pp. 19-36, (2011); 
Densmore, Alexander Logan, Active tectonics of the Beichuan and Pengguan faults at the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, Tectonics, 26, 4, (2007); 
Acta Geologica Sinica, (2008); 
Movement Mechanism and Disaster Control for Debris Flow, (2004); 
Chin J Geol Hazard Control, (1996); 
Huang, Runqiu, Research on development and distribution rules of geohazards induced by Wenchuan earthquake on 12th May, 2008, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 27, 12, pp. 2585-2592, (2008); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2009)
CONFERENCE NAME: 5th International Conference on Debris-Flow Hazards Mitigation: Mechanics, Prediction, and Assessment
CONFERENCE DATE: 2011-06-14 through 2011-06-17
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Liu, J., Cheng, Z., Zhang, X., Cheng, S.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Liu, Jiankang (57211424686); Cheng, Zunlan (18433736100); Zhang, Xiaogang (57192503951); Cheng, Si (55234205000)
57211424686; 18433736100; 57192503951; 55234205000
Influence of debris flow on channel evolution
(2011) International Conference on Debris-Flow Hazards Mitigation: Mechanics, Prediction, and Assessment, Proceedings, pp. 231 - 236, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.4408/IJEGE.2011-03.B-027
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84861638964&doi=10.4408%2FIJEGE.2011-03.B-027&partnerID=40&md5=c1cc9a38f0504eb763f9271ca2e454a0

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; China University of Geosciences, Beijing, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Affected by the active plate motion, the upper Minjiang River develops more than 21 debris flow valleys. After the Wenchuan earthquake on May 12, 2008, the geohazards occur more frequently and seriously because of the increased debris source, and 9 debris flows blocked the mainstream. Based on the characteristics of debris-flow dams, model tests have been accomplished. Given the junction angle of 90°, influence of debris flow on channel evolution is discussed for different flow density, and discharge ratio and momentum ratio between debris flow and the mainstream water flow. The results show that there is a linear relationship between momentum ratio R <inf>M</inf> (ratio between momentum for flow in tributary and mainstream) and shrink ratio 5 (index defined to describe the magnitude of channel shrink after inflow of debris) of mainstream, and also an exponential relationship between the ultimate average width B <inf>m</inf> (index defined to describe the average width of river channel after dam failure) of mainstream and the coefficient of velocity variation F <inf>v</inf> (ratio between velocity for flow in mainstream after dam failure and before its formation). © 2011 Casa Editrice Università La Sapienza.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Channel evolution; Debris flow; Earthquake; Model test
INDEX KEYWORDS: Average width; Channel evolution; Coefficient of velocity; Dam failure; Debris flows; Discharge ratio; Flow density; Geohazards; Linear relationships; Minjiang River; Model tests; Momentum ratio; Plate motions; River channels; Water flows; Wenchuan Earthquake; Disasters; Earthquakes; Hazards; Debris
REFERENCES: US Geological Survey Open File Report, (1991); 
Cui, Peng, The 12 May Wenchuan earthquake-induced landslide lakes: Distribution and preliminary risk evaluation, Landslides, 6, 3, pp. 209-223, (2009); 
Dang, Chao, The formation and failure of debris flow-dams, background, key factors and model tests: Case studies from China, Environmental Geology, 57, 8, pp. 1901-1910, (2009); 
Dolan, Robert, Structural control of the rapids and pools of the colorado river in the grand canyon, Science, 202, 4368, pp. 629-631, (1978); 
Influence of Debris Flow on River Channel Change of Mountains, (2003); 
Hsu, Yingsung, Impact of earthquake-induced dammed lakes on channel evolution and bed mobility: Case study of the Tsaoling landslide dammed lake, Journal of Hydrology, 374, 1-2, pp. 43-55, (2009); 
Jouirai of Soil and Water Conservation, (2001); 
Journal of Natural Disasters, (2001); 
Liu, Ning, Draining Tangjiashan barrier kake after Wenchuan Earthquake and the flood propagation after the dam break, Science in China, Series E: Technological Sciences, 52, 4, pp. 801-809, (2009); 
Korup, Oliver, Recent research on landslide dams - A literature review with special attention to New Zealand, Progress in Physical Geography, 26, 2, pp. 206-235, (2002)
CONFERENCE NAME: 5th International Conference on Debris-Flow Hazards Mitigation: Mechanics, Prediction, and Assessment
CONFERENCE DATE: 2011-06-14 through 2011-06-17
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Su, P.C., Wei, F., Cheng, Z., Liu, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Su, Pengcheng (55234493100); Wei, Fangqiang (14033564100); Cheng, Zunlan (18433736100); Liu, Jingjing (55963771200)
55234493100; 14033564100; 18433736100; 55963771200
Debris flows in Mozi gully, China following the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake
(2011) International Conference on Debris-Flow Hazards Mitigation: Mechanics, Prediction, and Assessment, Proceedings, pp. 769 - 777, Cited 3 times.
DOI: 10.4408/IJEGE.2011-03.B-084
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84861632311&doi=10.4408%2FIJEGE.2011-03.B-084&partnerID=40&md5=62e04784b4bf3d104a5d929e20159c9d

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Numerous landslide that provided abundant material for the mobilization of debris flows were triggered in the Mozi gully on the right bank of Mingjiang River in response to the M8.0 Wenchuan earthquake of May 12, 2008. Following the earthquake, debris flows occurred during July through September of 2008 and again in September of 2009. Five of these events blocked the Mingjiang River. This paper estimates the volume of landslide material contributed to the valley by comparing remote sensing images before and after the quake, and analyzes the resultant landslide dams to estimate the volume ume of material necessary to block the channel. Return periods of debris flows with varying peak discharges are estimated based on empirical formulas and field surveys of the valley. © 2011 Casa Editrice Università La Sapienza.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flow; Landslide; Landslide dam; Mozi gully; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Abundant materials; Debris flows; Empirical formulas; Field surveys; Landslide dam; Mozi gully; Peak discharge; Remote sensing images; Return periods; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes; Hazards; Hydraulic structures; Image reconstruction; Landslides; Debris
REFERENCES: Prevention of Debris Flow, (1983); 
Dissertation of Doctoral Degree, (2000); 
Aba Zang and Qiang Nationality Autonmous District Sichuan Province Chorography of Wenchuan County M, (1992); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2008); 
A Bulletin of Water Resources and Quality in Sichuan Province in Chinese, (2008); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2008); 
Storm Flood Calculation Manual of Middle and Small Basins in Sichuan Province M, (1984); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2009); 
Yin, Yueping, Landslide hazards triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China, Landslides, 6, 2, pp. 139-152, (2009); 
Guide to Prevention of Debris Flow, (1991)
CONFERENCE NAME: 5th International Conference on Debris-Flow Hazards Mitigation: Mechanics, Prediction, and Assessment
CONFERENCE DATE: 2011-06-14 through 2011-06-17
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zhou, X.J., Cui, P., Zhang, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhou, Xiaojun (57198476576); Cui, Peng (56706923500); Zhang, Jianqiang (35212366900)
57198476576; 56706923500; 35212366900
Field investigation and dynamic analysis for debris flow in Weijia Gully of Beichuan County (China) after the Wenchuan earthquake
(2011) International Conference on Debris-Flow Hazards Mitigation: Mechanics, Prediction, and Assessment, Proceedings, pp. 165 - 172, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.4408/IJEGE.2011-03.B-020
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84861588423&doi=10.4408%2FIJEGE.2011-03.B-020&partnerID=40&md5=07f9828a0ad067139b0d9de0e7b75167

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: A great amount of mountain hazards were triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake, such as rock falls, avalanches, landslides, debris flows and dammed lakes. Heavy rain on 24 th September 2008 initiated debris flows in Weijia Gully of Beichuan County, which resulted in serious damage to infrastructures and lifelines. In this paper, the debris flow was investigated and analyzed. The results show that solid loose materials, microtopography and rainfall are the main reason for the event. The total loose mass generated by the collapse and landslides reaches about 2.69 × 10 5 m 3, which provides abundance material. The conditions of the surface water infiltration, runoff and flow concentration are changed by strong surface disturbance and large-scale destructive vegetation damage, which is beneficial to the formation of the erosion and flood peak. The rainfall was 272.7 mm from 23 to 24 September, 2008 in the study area, and the maximum rain reached 41 mm one hour. Velocity, peak discharge, sediment discharge and impulsive force were calculated. The results were compared with investigation, which provide reference for the design of debris flow protection. © 2011 Casa Editrice Università La Sapienza.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flow; Dynamic characteristics; Field investigation; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Debris flows; Dynamic characteristics; Field investigation; Flood peak; Flow concentration; Heavy rains; Impulsive forces; Loose materials; Micro topography; Mountain hazard; Peak discharge; Rockfalls; Sediment discharge; Study areas; Surface disturbances; Vegetation damage; Water infiltration; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes; Flood control; Landslides; Rain; Rock bursts; Debris
REFERENCES: Chen, Chenglung, Generalized viscoplastic modeling of debris flow, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 114, 3, pp. 237-258, (1988); 
Chen, Hongey, Recent rainfall-induced landslides and debris flow in northern Taiwan, Geomorphology, 77, 1-2, pp. 112-125, (2006); 
Crosta, Giovanni Battista, Failure and flow development of a complex slide: The 1993 Sesa landslide, Engineering Geology, 59, 1-2, pp. 173-199, (2001); 
Dai, Fuchu, Analysis of rainstorm-induced slide-debris flows on natural terrain of Lantau Island, Hong Kong, Engineering Geology, 51, 4, pp. 279-290, (1999); 
Debris Flow in China, (2000); 
Zeitschrift Fur Geomorphologie, (1970); 
Research on Debris Flow in China, (2004); 
Landslides Evaluation and Stabilization, (2004); 
Journal of Catastrophology, (2002); 
O'Brien, Jimmy S., Two-dimensional water flood and mudflow simulation, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 119, 2, pp. 244-261, (1993)
CONFERENCE NAME: 5th International Conference on Debris-Flow Hazards Mitigation: Mechanics, Prediction, and Assessment
CONFERENCE DATE: 2011-06-14 through 2011-06-17
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Han, Y.S., Han, J., Zhu, Y.Y., Kong, Y.P., Su, F.H., Li, L.W., Huang, P.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Han, Yongshun (8045872900); Han, J. (59072751900); Zhu, Yingyan (10143158600); Kong, Yaping (59838951700); Su, Fenghuan (14033176000); Li, Longwei (55656604700); Huang, Peng (53263882500)
8045872900; 59072751900; 10143158600; 59838951700; 14033176000; 55656604700; 53263882500
A study on the properties of the 12 May Wenchuan earthquake-induced debris flow
(2011) International Conference on Debris-Flow Hazards Mitigation: Mechanics, Prediction, and Assessment, Proceedings, pp. 865 - 873, Cited 1 times.
DOI: 10.4408/IJEGE.2011-03.B-094
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84861585931&doi=10.4408%2FIJEGE.2011-03.B-094&partnerID=40&md5=279a841f07004b50b0482c4a69f4a68a

AFFILIATIONS: School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; China Academy of Transportation Sciences, Ministry of Transport of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Debris flows triggered by earthquakes are recognized globally for their huge destructive power. Studies on the development features of debris flow are essential for disaster prevention and mitigation and the results can be used as a scientific basis for assuring public security, preventing debris-flow disasters and reconstructing the afflicted areas by earthquake. Taking the, Niujuan Gully, as the case study area, this paper discusses field observations of the initiation and path of debris flows in the epicentral area of the 12 May, 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake. Based on the natural conditions and debris flow distribution in the study area, a field control network was established to monitor the gully bed, typical slopes and channel sections of different kinds of debris flows that initiated from hillslopes and gullies. We observed debris flows and their change under different rainfall circumstances, surveyed slope, section, channel and gully bed by means of GPS, GPT-3002 total-station instrument and 3D laser scanning system and drew digital topographic maps, sectional maps and profile maps with a 1:50 scale. Based on the observed data, we probed into the erosion laws and development features(including erosion, transportation, deposition, etc) of different kinds of debris flows and analyzed debris flow discharge, erosion-deposition variation and destructive magnitude. The findings provided data support for debris flow risk assessment and monitoring systems. © 2011 Casa Editrice Università La Sapienza.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris-flow; Development feature; Field observation; Niujuan Gully
INDEX KEYWORDS: 3D laser scanning system; Channel sections; Data support; Debris flows; Debris-flow; Development feature; Epicentral area; Erosion law; Field control; Field observations; Hillslopes; Monitoring system; Natural conditions; Niujuan Gully; Observed data; Public security; Study areas; Topographic map; Wenchuan Earthquake; Disaster prevention; Earthquakes; Erosion; Hazards; Maps; Debris
REFERENCES: Journal of Mountain Science, (2006); 
Geological Survey of Canada, (1984); 
North China Earthquake Sciences, (1986); 
Han, Yongshun, Hazard assessment on secondary mountain-hazards triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake, Journal of Applied Remote Sensing, 3, 1, (2009); 
Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control, (1991); 
Research of Soil and Water Conservation, (2001); 
Liu, Chiannan, Impacts of september 21, 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake on the characteristics of gully-type debris flows in central Taiwan, Natural Hazards, 47, 3, pp. 349-368, (2008); 
Liu, Jinfeng, The study on the potential debris flow triggered by Wenchuan earthquake: A case study of the Guanshan gully in the upper reaches of Minjiang river, Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 41, SUPPL., pp. 70-75, (2009); 
Northwestern Seismological Journal, (1996); 
Geological Review of Japan, (1978)
CONFERENCE NAME: 5th International Conference on Debris-Flow Hazards Mitigation: Mechanics, Prediction, and Assessment
CONFERENCE DATE: 2011-06-14 through 2011-06-17
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Yu, B., Xie, H., Wang, S.-G., Zhang, S.-C., Lu, K., Han, L.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Yu, Bin (37058094800); Xie, Hong (55728118000); Wang, Shige (57191713850); Zhang, Shucheng (25937595500); Lu, Ke (57197309307); Han, Lin (57698223000)
37058094800; 55728118000; 57191713850; 25937595500; 57197309307; 57698223000
Activity tendency of debris flow gully in Wenchuan County after "5.12" Wenchuan earthquake
(2011) Journal of Natural Disasters, 20 (6), pp. 68 - 73, Cited 10 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84860844660&partnerID=40&md5=efe2360e4e18ab2237d00f55d25e582b

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Chengdu Institute of Mountain Disasters and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: A strong Wenchuan earthquake happened on May 12,2008. Many debris flows were triggered in earthquake stricken area by Wenchuan earthquake. In this paper, we focus attention on the debris flows in Wenchuan County, Sichuan Province. The debris flow gullies in different earthquake intensity areas and with different characteristics were investigated. The activity tendency of debris flows was obtained by analyzing the solid source features of debris flows, such as the volume and location of sediment provided by landslides and avalanche. The time of earthquake effect on triggering debris flow was discussed. These works will provide some references to the prevention and mitigation of debris flow hazard in earthquake stricken areas.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Activity tendency; Debris flow gully; Wenchuan great earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: avalanche; debris flow; gully erosion; hazard assessment; landslide; seismic hazard; Sichuan earthquake 2008; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: GSA Denver Denver Annual Meeting, (2007); 
Geophysical Research Abstracts, (2007); 
Cheng, Jack D., Hydrometeorological and landuse attributes of debris flows and debris floods during typhoon Toraji, July 29-30, 2001 in central Taiwan, Journal of Hydrology, 306, 1-4, pp. 161-173, (2005); 
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, (1971)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Li, S., Yin, Y., Li, X., He, J., Qian, H.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Li, Shouding (23393158000); Yin, Yueping (55687306100); Li, Xiao (36012271600); He, Jianming (55635239900); Qian, Haitao (24485191400)
23393158000; 55687306100; 36012271600; 55635239900; 24485191400
Mechanism of Tangjiashan landslide and stability assessment of the slide dam
(2011), 2, pp. 875 - 885, Cited 0 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84859953453&partnerID=40&md5=b193aebd97b2b9ef8d0a14f664c14005

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Engineering Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; China Geological Survey, Beijing, Beijing, China; Institute of Crustal Dynamics, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Tangjiashan landslide is one of the severest geological disasters triggered by Wenchuan earthquake. The approximate volume of this landslide even reached 2037 ×10 4 m 3, and landslide lake was formed in the upper stream of Jian River in Beichuan county. This landslide is a typical rock mass slide occurring in the weak sedimentary rock strata overlain by limestone and siltstone. In order to study the mechanism of Tangjiashan landslide, geological investigation and numerical study were carried out. The trigger of this rock slide is the earthquake, and laminated weak sediment presented in the rock mass plays the major role to facilitate the occurrence of rock slide. Large-scale landslide accumulation was formed in the river valley and mainly composed of rock blocks and fragments overlying with surficial loose deposits. Instruments were installed on the landslide dam for the measurement of the ground movement and the monitoring results are presented in this paper. Base on the rock mass structure analysis and results of monitoring, the stability of landslide dam is assessed. © 2011 Taylor & Francis Group, London.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Mechanism; Stability; Tangjiashan landslide; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Geological disaster; Geological investigation; Ground movement; Landslide dam; Large-scale landslides; Loose deposits; Numerical studies; River valley; Rock block; Rock mass; Rock mass structure; Rock slides; Siltstones; Stability assessment; Upper stream; Wenchuan Earthquake; Convergence of numerical methods; Earthquakes; Geomechanics; Hydraulic structures; Mechanisms; Rock mechanics; Rocks; System stability; Landslides
REFERENCES: Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics, (2004); 
Huang, Runqiu, Research on development and distribution rules of geohazards induced by Wenchuan earthquake on 12th May, 2008, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 27, 12, pp. 2585-2592, (2008); 
Jin, Wenzheng, Deformation and zonation of the Longmenshan fold and thrust zone in the western Sichuan basin, Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition), 81, 8, pp. 1072-1080, (2007); 
Geological Review, (2008); 
Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, (2008); 
Earthquake Research in Sichuan, (2000); 
Journal of Southwest Institute of Technology, (1998); 
Journal of Southwest Institute of Technology, (1998); 
Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology, (2006); 
Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, (2007)
CONFERENCE NAME: International Symposium on Geomechanics and Geotechnics: From Micro to Macro, IS-Shanghai 2010
CONFERENCE DATE: 2010-10-10 through 2010-10-12
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Bai, S.B., Wang, J., Bell, R., Glade, T.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Bai, Shibiao (15830966700); Wang, Jian (55491249300); Bell, Rainer (56307438000); Glade, Thomas W. (57192782350)
15830966700; 55491249300; 56307438000; 57192782350
Distribution and susceptibility assessments of landslide triggered by Wencuan earthquake at Longnan
(2011) Advances in Intelligent and Soft Computing, 111, pp. 547 - 554, Cited 1 times.
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-25188-7_68
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84555177756&doi=10.1007%2F978-3-642-25188-7_68&partnerID=40&md5=db0274e47ecdf93d8a5240d9a88d5bc6

AFFILIATIONS: College of Geographical Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Institute for Geography and Regional Research, Universität Wien, Vienna, Vienna, Austria
ABSTRACT: It is important to calculate these areas prone for future landsiding through landslide susceptibility maps. A landslide causative factor database both before and after datasets was constructed. Data are stored in a resolution of 30×30m and include digital orthophoto maps (DOM), digital elevation model (DEM) and derived topographical parameters (e.g. altitude, slope, aspect, profile curvature, plan curvature), geology, land use, average annual rainfall, peak ground acceleration and further different environmental layers including road network and rivers. The 1334 post WenChuan earthquake landslide inventory is build up by field investigation and by interpretation of remote-sensing imagery (SPOT 5 and ALOS) and by monoscopic manual interpretation. The quality of susceptibility mapping was validated by splitting the study area into a training and validation set. The prediction capability analysis showed that the landslide susceptibility map has the potential to be used for land planning in this region as well as for precautionary emergency planning by local authorities. © 2011 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: China; Landslide susceptibility; logistic regression; Longnan; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: China; Landslide susceptibility; logistic regression; Longnan; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes; Forestry; Motor transportation; Network layers; Remote sensing; Surveying; Landslides
REFERENCES: Aleotti, Pietro, Landslide hazard assessment: Summary review and new perspectives, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 58, 1, pp. 21-44, (1999); 
Logistic Regression Using the Sas System Theory and Application, (1999); 
Atkinson, Peter M., Generalised linear modelling of susceptibility to landsliding in the central Apennines, Italy, Computers and Geosciences, 24, 4, pp. 373-385, (1998); 
Environ Earth Sci, (2011); 
Eighth International Symposium on Spatial Accuracy Assessment in Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, (2008); 
Pedosphere, (2009); 
Bai, Shibiao, GIS-based logistic regression for landslide susceptibility mapping of the Zhongxian segment in the Three Gorges area, China, Geomorphology, 115, 1-2, pp. 23-31, (2010); 
Bell, Rainer, Quantitative risk analysis for landslides - Examples from Bíldudalur, NW-Iceland, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 4, 1, pp. 117-131, (2004); 
Çan, Tolga, Susceptibility assessments of shallow earthflows triggered by heavy rainfall at three catchments by logistic regression analyses, Geomorphology, 72, 1-4, pp. 250-271, (2005); 
Chang, Kangtsung, Modeling typhoon- and earthquake-induced landslides in a mountainous watershed using logistic regression, Geomorphology, 89, 3-4, pp. 335-347, (2007)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Cui, P., Zhu, X.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Cui, Peng (56706923500); Zhu, Xinghua (55696606100)
56706923500; 55696606100
Surge generation in reservoirs by landslides triggered by the wenchuan earthquake
(2011) Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami, 5 (5), pp. 461 - 474, Cited 22 times.
DOI: 10.1142/S1793431111001194
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-82555196642&doi=10.1142%2FS1793431111001194&partnerID=40&md5=d35324aab914732f86a4b62133c69662

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Landslides can result in rocks and soil falling into reservoir at high velocity, thereby triggering large surface waves, which may threaten navigation vessels, dam stability, and lives and properties along the shore. This paper presents the results of an experimental study into surges caused by landslides entering reservoirs. First, eight factors - water depth, sliding impact velocity, slide volume, slide width, slide thickness, the mass of the slide blocks, sliding slope, and drop height of the mass center - were chosen as key parameters. Then, these were combined into four dimensionless factors: Froude number for sliding velocity, landslide scale, slide thickness and slide impact angle (radian measure). In addition, based on data from 145 model tests, empirical equations for prediction of the first and second impulsive wave heights were developed through nondimensional multiple linear regression analysis. These equations were applied to landslides triggered by the Wenchuan Earthquake along the shore of Zipingpu Reservoir. The calculated results were found to be in good agreement with field surveys and with calculations by other formulas; the proposed formula is believed preferable in that it incorporates dimension parameters and slope of the sliding surface. © 2011 World Scientific Publishing Company.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: impulsive wave; Landslide; surge; Wenchuan Earthquake; Zipingpu Reservoir
REFERENCES: Rzadkiewicz, S. Assier, Modelling of submarine landslides and generated water waves, Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, 21, 1-2 SPEC. ISS., pp. 7-12, (1996); 
Dam Engineering, (2007); 
Dam Engineering, (2008); 
Ataie-Ashtiani, Behzad, Impulsive waves caused by subaerial landslides, Environmental Fluid Mechanics, 8, 3, pp. 263-280, (2008); 
Carvalho, Rita Fernandes, Landslides into reservoirs and their impacts on banks, Environmental Fluid Mechanics, 7, 6, pp. 481-493, (2007); 
Laser Techniques for Fluid Mechanics, (2002); 
Fritz, Hermann M., Landslide generated impulse waves. 1. Instantaneous flow fields, Experiments in Fluids, 35, 6, pp. 505-519, (2003); 
Fritz, Hermann M., Near field characteristics of landslide generated impulse waves, Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal and Ocean Engineering, 130, 6, pp. 287-302, (2004); 
Transactions of the International Congress on Large Dams, (1997); 
Kamphuis Jw, Impulse waves generated by landslides, 1, pp. 575-588, (1970)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Chen, N.-S., Hu, G.-S., Deng, M.-F., Zhou, W., Yang, C.-L., Han, D., Deng, J.-H.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Chen, Ningsheng (8726157200); Hu, Guisheng (35113314000); Deng, Mingfeng (36668370200); Zhou, Wei (55443778400); Yang, Chenglin (55646442300); Han, Dawei (55480762900); Deng, Jianhui (7402612983)
8726157200; 35113314000; 36668370200; 55443778400; 55646442300; 55480762900; 7402612983
Impact of earthquake on debris flows - A case study on the wenchuan earthquake
(2011) Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami, 5 (5), pp. 493 - 508, Cited 31 times.
DOI: 10.1142/S1793431111001212
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-82555186371&doi=10.1142%2FS1793431111001212&partnerID=40&md5=a16727f2c1228ba2243896bf53577727

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Civil Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; College of Water Resources and Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: This paper describes a study about the impact of earthquakes on debris flows with a focus on the Great Wenchuan Earthquake 2008 in China. The land form, precipitation, and source material are the three key factors for debris flow initiation in the Wenchuan surrounding area. Classifications and examples of four types of debris flow initiation triggering (gully triggering, slope triggering, liquefaction triggering, and gully erosion triggering) have been presented. The initiation mechanisms are attributed to hydraulic and geomechanical aspects. The actual debris flow cases linked with the Great Wenchuan Earthquake and other earthquakes in China have been used to illustrate the increased magnitudes of debris flows due to a large amount of loose materials created by the seismic actions. The critical precipitation for debris flows is reduced by the earthquake. It is predicted that the impact of the Great Wenchuan Earthquake on the local debris flows would be significant in the next 5-6 years, and much less in the following years (up to 20 years). Finally, the debris flow system will reach a relative stable stage. This prediction is based on the historical observations at other earthquake areas and the qualitative analysis on debris flow initiation mechanisms. © 2011 World Scientific Publishing Company.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flows; initiation mechanism; trend; Wenchuan Earthquake
REFERENCES: Science in China Series E Technological Sciences, (2003); 
Chen, Ningsheng, Testing study on strength reduction of gravelly soil in triggering area of debris flow under earthquake, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 23, 16, pp. 2743-2747, (2004); 
Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control, (2006); 
Memoir of the 25th Geotechnical Testing Scientific Seminar Nationwide, (2008); 
Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Landslides, (1984); 
Study on the Starting Mechanism of Debris Flow D, (1990); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2008); 
Cui, Peng, The 12 May Wenchuan earthquake-induced landslide lakes: Distribution and preliminary risk evaluation, Landslides, 6, 3, pp. 209-223, (2009); 
Journal of Catastrophology, (2007); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2003)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Tang, C., Zhu, J., Ding, J., Cui, X., Chen, L., Zhang, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Tang, Chuan (35932953300); Zhu, Jing (55704611000); Ding, Jun (55463437900); Cui, Xiaofei (54786299000); Chen, Lei (57206673624); Zhang, Jianshi (59652341800)
35932953300; 55704611000; 55463437900; 54786299000; 57206673624; 59652341800
Catastrophic debris flows triggered by a 14 August 2010 rainfall at the epicenter of the Wenchuan earthquake
(2011) Landslides, 8 (4), pp. 485 - 497, Cited 215 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s10346-011-0269-5
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-82255163076&doi=10.1007%2Fs10346-011-0269-5&partnerID=40&md5=ee156e5db07e788a1b53daffbeba1c11

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: The Wenchuan earthquake of May 12, 2008 produced large amounts of loose material (landslide debris) that are still present on the steep slopes and in the gullies. This loose material creates an important hazard as strong rainfall can cause the development of devastating debris flows that will endanger the resettled population and destroy the result of reconstruction efforts. On 14 August 2010, a total of 21 debris flows were triggered by heavy rainfall around the town of Yingxue, located near the epicenter of the Wenchuan earthquake. One of these debris flows produced a debris dam, which then changed the course of the river and resulted in the flooding of the newly reconstructed Yinxue town. Prior to this catastrophic event, debris flow hazard had been recognized in the region, but its potential for such widespread and devastating impacts was not fully appreciated. Our primary objective for this study was to analyze the characteristics of the triggering rainfall and the sediment supply conditions leading to this event. Our field observations show that even small debris flow catchment areas have caused widespread sediment deposition on the existing fans. It is concluded that the whole of the area shaken by the Wenchuan earthquake is more susceptible to debris flows, initiated by localized heavy rainfall, than had been assumed earlier. The results of this study contribute to a better understanding of the conditions leading to catastrophic debris flow events in the earthquake-hit area. This is essential for the implementation of proper early warning, prevention, and mitigation measures as well as a better land use planning in this area. © 2011 Springer-Verlag.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Basin topography; Debris dam; Debris flows; Intense rainfall; Seismic landslides; Wenchuan earthquake China
INDEX KEYWORDS: Catastrophic event; Catchment area; Debris flow hazards; Debris flows; Early warning; Field observations; Heavy rainfall; Land Use Planning; Loose materials; Mitigation measures; Primary objective; Sediment deposition; Sediment supply; Steep slope; Wenchuan Earthquake; Anoxic sediments; Catchments; Debris; Earthquakes; Hazards; Hydraulic structures; Land use; Landslides; Sedimentology; Rain; basin analysis; catastrophic event; debris flow; early warning system; earthquake epicenter; flooding; gully; hazard management; land use planning; landslide; sediment transport; Sichuan earthquake 2008; topographic effect; China; Sichuan; Yingxiu
REFERENCES: Alexander, David E., Urban landslides, Progress in Physical Geography, 13, 2, pp. 157-189, (1989); 
Bovis, Michael J., The role of debris supply conditions in predicting debris flow activity, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 24, 11, pp. 1039-1054, (1999); 
Burchfiel, B. Clark, Tectonics of the Longmen Shan and Adjacent Regions, Central China, International Geology Review, 37, 8, pp. 661-735, (1995); 
Caine, Nel, The rainfall intensity-duration control of shallow landslides and debris flows., Geografiska Annaler, Series A: Physical Geography, 62, 1-2, pp. 23-27, (1980); 
Soil Slips Debris Flows and Rainstorms in the Santa Monica Mountains and Vicinity Southern California, (1975); 
Landslides in A Semiarid Environment, (1989); 
Cannon, Susan H., Wildfire-related debris-flow initiation processes, Storm King Mountain, Colorado, Geomorphology, 39, 3-4, pp. 171-188, (2001); 
Cepeda, José Mauricio, Landslide-triggering rainfall thresholds: A conceptual framework, Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology, 43, 1, pp. 69-84, (2010); 
Chen, Chienyuan, Sedimentary impacts from landslides in the Tachia River Basin, Taiwan, Geomorphology, 105, 3-4, pp. 355-365, (2009); 
Chen, Hongey, The impact of landslide and debris flows triggered by Typhoon Mindulle in Taiwan, Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology, 38, 3, pp. 301-304, (2005)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wang, H., Tuo, X., Zhang, G., Zhang, Z.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wang, Honghui (16644207700); Tuo, Xianguo (6701499783); Zhang, Guiyu (57226216980); Zhang, Zhaoyi (56068835000)
16644207700; 6701499783; 57226216980; 56068835000
One dynamic hierarchical data acquisition model for pre-geohazards information acquisition
(2011) Communications in Computer and Information Science, 164 CCIS, pp. 15 - 22, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-24999-0_3
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80655125507&doi=10.1007%2F978-3-642-24999-0_3&partnerID=40&md5=55b88cd314c55e3cbee90fcab9b672dd

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: In recent years, the geohazards are very serious all over the world, especially in China such as the Wenchuan earthquake-trriggered geohazards and Zhouqu debris flows. As one of the effective and inexpensive approaches, pre-geohazards information monitoring technology is being more and more valued and has attached lots of researchers' interests. Some modern information technologies are adopted to develop the geohazards equipments such as GPRS/GSM/GPS, WSN, and MEMS and the effects are obvious. However, almost most monitoring equipments use fixed-period sampling model which has caused some conflicts among the data redundancy, data integrity, communication costs and the system power consumptions. Thus, one dynamic hierarchical data acquisition (DHDA) model according to the geohazard development characteristics is proposed and the implementation technology is described. Finally, one case study about the model application is developed in the Panzhihua Airport Landslide, China. The results have evinced the DHDA model is effective for pre-geohazards information acquisition. © 2011 Springer-Verlag.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Early warning; Geohazards; Information acquisition; Landslide displacement; Monitoring
INDEX KEYWORDS: Acquisition models; Communication cost; Data integrity; Data redundancy; Debris flows; Early warning; Geohazards; Hierarchical data; Information acquisitions; Information monitoring; Model application; Monitoring equipment; Sampling model; Computer science; Data communication equipment; Debris; Information technology; Landslides; Hazards
REFERENCES: Cui, Peng, The Wenchuan Earthquake (May 12, 2008), Sichuan Province, China, and resulting geohazards, Natural Hazards, 56, 1, pp. 19-36, (2011); 
Airport Construction, (2008); 
Sassa, Kyoji, Preface for the thematic issue "Early Warning of Landslides, Landslides, 7, 3, pp. 217-217, (2010); 
Uchimura, Taro, Simple monitoring method for precaution of landslides watching tilting and water contents on slopes surface, Landslides, 7, 3, pp. 351-357, (2010); 
Yin, Yueping, Real-time monitoring and early warning of landslides at relocated Wushan Town, the Three Gorges Reservoir, China, Landslides, 7, 3, pp. 339-349, (2010); 
Yin, Yueping, Landslide hazards triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China, Landslides, 6, 2, pp. 139-152, (2009); 
Landslides, (2005)
CONFERENCE NAME: 2011 2nd International Conference on Theoretical and Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science, ICTMF 2011
CONFERENCE DATE: 2011-05-05 through 2011-05-06
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zhang, C.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhang, Chuhan (7405491211)
7405491211
The performance of dams during the wenchuan 5-12 earthquake and lessons learned from the event
(2011) Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami, 5 (4), pp. 309 - 327, Cited 6 times.
DOI: 10.1142/S179343111100111X
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-82555194634&doi=10.1142%2FS179343111100111X&partnerID=40&md5=634e8f2acc26224d435c738e6942531d

AFFILIATIONS: Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: The performance of dams and hydropower structures during the Wenchuan 5-12 Earthquake is reviewed. Experiences and lessons learned from the seismic catastrophe of the earthquake are summarized and comments and discussions are forwarded, on the following subjects: (1) current seismic design specifications for hydraulic structures; (2) reservoir triggered earthquakes; (3) effects of secondary earthquake disasters, especially landslides and barrier lakes; and (4) mitigation measures and facilities especially for rescue activities. © 2011 World Scientific Publishing Company. © World Scientific Publishing Company.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: dams; Wenchuan earthquake
REFERENCES: Liu, Ning, Draining Tangjiashan barrier kake after Wenchuan Earthquake and the flood propagation after the dam break, Science in China, Series E: Technological Sciences, 52, 4, pp. 801-809, (2009); 
Dams Newsletter, (2010); 
Earthquake Damage Investigation and Analysis of Hydropower Engineering of Large and Moderate Scale During Wenchuan Earthquake, (2009); 
Water Resour Hydropower Eng, (2009); 
Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering, (2009); 
Earthquake Research in China, (2009)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Xu, Q., Dong, X.-J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Xu, Qiang (56506033600); Dong, Xiujun (15758927100)
56506033600; 15758927100
Genetic types of large-scale landslides induced by Wenchuan earthquake
(2011) Diqiu Kexue - Zhongguo Dizhi Daxue Xuebao/Earth Science - Journal of China University of Geosciences, 36 (6), pp. 1134 - 1142, Cited 35 times.
DOI: 10.3799/dqkx.2011.119
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-82555177368&doi=10.3799%2Fdqkx.2011.119&partnerID=40&md5=8759b4bafd29d7849e500473d0cad9c8

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: The "5·12" Wenchuan earthquake induced thousands of landslides, including hundreds of large-scale ones. The deformation and destroy characteristics of 20 large-scale landslides induced by Wenchuan earthquake found in our in-depth investigation and extensive survey, combined with the tools of shaking table test and numerical simulation, we find that their deformation and destroy model and intrinsic mechanical mechanism Wenchuan earthquake are significantly different from those of landsides induced by routine gravity. On the condition of strong shock, the earthquake-horizontal acceleration on the middle-top of the declivity can exceed 1 g, and its earthquake horizontal inertia enormously exceeds the tension strength of the rock mass. Seismic action firstly shaped a deep large fissure which was parallel to the clinohedron on the back of the slope, and then the bottom of the pull-apart rock mass engendered shearing glide, finally, there induced landslide. On the condition of strong shock, the most essential deformation and destroy element of the slope rock mass are tension-cracks and shearing glide, and mainly dominated by tension-cracks. With different slope structures, the bottom shearing glide occurs with different discontinuities. According to the geological environment of the landsliding source region as well as the characteristics of the slope form and lithological association, this paper divides the large-scale landslides induced by Wenchuan earthquake into five genetic types, namely, tension-cracking and consequent sliding, tension-cracking and bedding sliding, tension-cracking and horizontal sliding, tension-cracking and scattering sliding and tension-cracking and shearing sliding.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Engineering geology; Genetic types; Large-scale landslide; Shearing sliding; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Destroy characteristic; Different slopes; Genetic type; Geological environment; In-depth investigation; Landsliding; Large-scale landslide; Large-scale landslides; Mechanical mechanisms; Rock mass; Seismic action; Shaking table tests; Slope form; Slope rocks; Source region; Tension strength; Wenchuan Earthquake; Computer simulation; Cracks; Deformation; Engineering geology; Landslides; Lithology; Rock mechanics; Rocks; Shearing; Earthquakes
REFERENCES: Hu, Xiewen, Analysis of blocking river mechanism of Tangjiashan landslide and dam-breaking mode of its barrier dam, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 28, 1, pp. 181-189, (2009); 
Hu, Xiewen, Study of stability of remnant mountain body in back scarp of Tangjiashan landslide after ″5.12″ wenchuan earthquake, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 28, 11, pp. 2349-2359, (2009); 
Huang, Runqiu, Mechanism and geomechanical modes of landslide hazards triggered by Wenchuan 8.0 earthquake, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 28, 6, pp. 1239-1249, (2009); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2008); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2025); 
Keefer, David K., LANDSLIDES CAUSED BY EARTHQUAKES., Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 95, 4, pp. 406-421, (1984); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2010); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2009); 
Xu, Qiang, Study of the seismic response of slopes by physical modeling, Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 41, 3, pp. 266-272, (2009); 
Large Scale Landslides Induced by the Wenchuan Earthquake, (2009)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Xu, C., Dai, F., Xiwei, X.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Xu, Chong (35184309900); Dai, Fuchu (7102055666); Xiwei, Xu (8246843900)
35184309900; 7102055666; 8246843900
Earthquake triggered landslide susceptibility evaluation based on GIS platform and weight-of-evidence modeling
(2011) Diqiu Kexue - Zhongguo Dizhi Daxue Xuebao/Earth Science - Journal of China University of Geosciences, 36 (6), pp. 1155 - 1164, Cited 23 times.
DOI: 10.3799/dqkx.2011.122
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-82555177364&doi=10.3799%2Fdqkx.2011.122&partnerID=40&md5=b562a183c580bd7270c69f971a063548

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China; Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Wenchuan earthquake triggered tens of thousands of landslides. Eight factors that influence landslide occurrence, including seismic intensity, lithology, slope angle, faults, elevation, slope aspect, drainages, and roads were created in raster data format base on geographical information system (GIS) and remote sensing (RS) technologies. The landslide hazard map was derived by using weight-of-evidence modeling. Earthquake-induced landslide susceptibility zonings of other eight impact factor combination categories were analyzed and mapped one after another, using GIS raster analysis methods. The eight different impact factor combinations analysis suggests that seismic intensity play an important role in determining the landslide susceptibility index value, while geological, geomorphological, and human-related factors only play minor roles. The resulting susceptibility map was divided into five categories, i.e. extremely high, high, moderate, low, and extremely low by using Natural Breaks law. The validation results show satisfactory agreement between the susceptibility map and the existing data on landslide distributions in the form of area under curve (AUC) up to 81.855%. The area with extremely high and high susceptibility accounts for about 11 255.93km2, 23.12% of the study area, including landslide areas of 521.98 km2, 73.36% of all landslide occurrence areas.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Geographic information systems (GIS); Landslide; Remote sensing (RS); Susceptibility evaluation; Weight-of-evidence; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Analysis method; Geographical information systems; Impact factor; Index values; Landslide hazard; Landslide susceptibility; Raster data; Seismic intensity; Slope angles; Slope aspect; Study areas; Validation results; Weight-of-evidence; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes; Geographic information systems; Information systems; Lithology; Remote sensing; Landslides
REFERENCES: Agterberg, Frederik P., Combining indicator patterns in weights of evidence modeling for resource evaluation, Nonrenewable Resources, 1, 1, pp. 39-50, (1992); 
Statistical Applications in the Earth Sciences, (1989); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2009); 
Cheng, Qiuming, Application of weights of evidence method for assessment of flowing wells in the greater Toronto area, Canada, Natural Resources Research, 13, 2, pp. 77-86, (2004); 
Conoscenti, Christian, GIS analysis to assess landslide susceptibility in a fluvial basin of NW Sicily (Italy), Geomorphology, 94, 3-4, pp. 325-339, (2008); 
Cui, Peng, The Wenchuan Earthquake (May 12, 2008), Sichuan Province, China, and resulting geohazards, Natural Hazards, 56, 1, pp. 19-36, (2011); 
Dahal, Ranjan Kumar, GIS-based weights-of-evidence modelling of rainfall-induced landslides in small catchments for landslide susceptibility mapping, Environmental Geology, 54, 2, pp. 311-324, (2008); 
Dahal, Ranjan Kumar, Predictive modelling of rainfall-induced landslide hazard in the Lesser Himalaya of Nepal based on weights-of-evidence, Geomorphology, 102, 3-4, pp. 496-510, (2008); 
Daneshfar, Bahram, Spatial relationships between natural seismicity and faults, southeastern Ontario and north-central New York state, Tectonophysics, 353, 1-4, pp. 31-44, (2002); 
Huang, Runqiu, Research on development and distribution rules of geohazards induced by Wenchuan earthquake on 12th May, 2008, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 27, 12, pp. 2585-2592, (2008)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Li, X., Kong, J., Li, S.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Li, Xiuzhen (56237865700); Kong, Jiming (55793897000); Li, Shengwei (8371668900)
56237865700; 55793897000; 8371668900
Travel distance prediction of landslides triggered by the M8.0 Wenchuan earthquake
(2011) Applied Mechanics and Materials, 71-78, pp. 1736 - 1740, Cited 3 times.
DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.71-78.1736
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80054989289&doi=10.4028%2Fwww.scientific.net%2FAMM.71-78.1736&partnerID=40&md5=ad8cc7445561d7f9b6808c6aefbdb0c1

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Chengdu Center of Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, Sichuan Bureau of Geology & Mineral Resources, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Volume and slope are two important factors affecting the runout distance of landslides. Field investigation on 46 landslides triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake show that there are positive linear correlations between the logarithmic values of landslide volume and travel distance. And there is also a positive linear relationship between the equivalent friction coefficient and tangent value of initial slope angle for the landslides. On the basis, we obtained an empirical-statistic equation between the horizontal and vertical travel distance, the volume and initial slope angle. This can provide a basis for prediction of earthquake-induced landslides. © (2011) Trans Tech Publications.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Empirical-statistic model; Landslides; Runout distance; Slope; Volume; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Empirical-statistic model; Runout distances; Slope; Volume; Wenchuan Earthquake; Civil engineering; Earthquakes; Forecasting; Friction; Landslides
REFERENCES: Scheidegger, Adrian E., On the prediction of the reach and velocity of catastrophic landslides, Rock Mechanics, 5, 4, pp. 231-236, (1973); 
Okura, Yoichi, Topography and volume effects on travel distance of surface failure, Engineering Geology, 67, 3-4, pp. 243-254, (2003); 
Devoli, Graziella, Statistical analysis of landslide events in Central America and their run-out distance, Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, 27, 1, pp. 23-42, (2009); 
Hattanji, Tsuyoshi, Morphometric analysis of relic landslides using detailed landslide distribution maps: Implications for forecasting travel distance of future landslides, Geomorphology, 103, 3, pp. 447-454, (2009); 
Proceedings of Conference Xx International Erosion Control Association, (1989); 
Hungr, Oldrich, A model for the runout analysis of rapid flow slides, debris flows, and avalanches, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 32, 4, pp. 610-623, (1995); 
Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Landslides, (1996); 
Chen, Hong, A dynamic model for rainfall-induced landslides on natural slopes, Geomorphology, 51, 4, pp. 269-288, (2003); 
Okura, Yoichi, Effects of rockfall volume on runout distance, Engineering Geology, 58, 2, pp. 109-124, (2000); 
Budetta, Paolo, The mobility of some debris flows in pyroclastic deposits of the northwestern Campanian region (southern Italy), Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 63, 4, pp. 293-302, (2004)
SPONSORS: Control Engineering and Information Science Research Association, Int. Front. Sci. Technol. Res. Assoc., Trans Tech Publications, Chongqing Xueya Conferences Catering Co.,Ltd
CONFERENCE NAME: 2011 International Conference on Green Building, Materials and Civil Engineering, GBMCE 2011
CONFERENCE DATE: 2011-08-22 through 2011-08-23
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Görüm, T., Fan, X., Van Westen, C.J., Huang, R., Xu, Q., Tang, C., Wang, G.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Görüm, Tolga (10440667500); Fan, Xuanmei (12752112800); Van Westen, Cees J. (6701664942); Huang, Runqiu (55835407700); Xu, Qiang (56506033600); Tang, Chuan (35932953300); Wang, Gonghui (8532560900)
10440667500; 12752112800; 6701664942; 55835407700; 56506033600; 35932953300; 8532560900
Distribution pattern of earthquake-induced landslides triggered by the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake
(2011) Geomorphology, 133 (3-4), pp. 152 - 167, Cited 594 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2010.12.030
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80052489984&doi=10.1016%2Fj.geomorph.2010.12.030&partnerID=40&md5=f7ebbdfc0a7091894a11242023b4f6d5

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Earth Systems Analysis, Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation – ITC, Enschede, Overijssel, Netherlands; State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
ABSTRACT: This paper presents the preliminary results of an extensive study of the mapping the distribution of landslides triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan Province, China, on 12 May 2008. An extensive landslide interpretation was carried out using a large set of optical high resolution satellite images (e.g. ASTER, ALOS, Cartosat-1, SPOT-5 and IKONOS) as well as air photos for both the pre- and post-earthquake situation. Landslide scarps were mapped as points using multi-temporal visual image interpretation taking into account shape, tone, texture, pattern, elevation and ridge and valley orientation. Nearly 60,000 individual landslide scarps were mapped. The landslide distribution map was compared with the inventory map that was prepared directly after the earthquake, which contains about 11,000 individual landslide points, through the calculation of normalized landslide isopleths maps. Remarkable differences were observed, as the earlier inventory mapping did not consider the pre-earthquake situation and did not consider all individual landslides.As part of the landslide inventory, landslides were identified that had blocked the drainage and had formed landslide dams. The landslide distribution was compared with a number of aspects, such as the seismic parameters (distance to epicenter, distance to fault rupture, co-seismic fault geometry and co-seismic slip distribution), and geology. The most remarkable correlation found was with the co-seismic slip distribution and the fault geometry. Landslide distribution in the section of the fault that had mainly a thrust component with low angle fault plane was found to be much higher than the sections that had steeper fault angles and a major strike slip component. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Earthquake-induced landslide; Landslide distribution; Longmenshan; Sichuan; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: coseismic process; earthquake rupture; fault geometry; fault plane; geomorphological mapping; landslide; satellite imagery; Sichuan earthquake 2008; strike-slip fault; trigger mechanism; China; Longmen Mountains; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Avouac, Jean Philippe, The 2005, Mw 7.6 Kashmir earthquake: Sub-pixel correlation of ASTER images and seismic waveforms analysis, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 249, 3-4, pp. 514-528, (2006); 
Barka, Aykut A., The surface rupture and slip distribution of the 17 August 1999 İzmit earthquake (M 7.4), North Anatolian fault, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 92, 1, pp. 43-60, (2002); 
Ben-Zion, Yehuda, Dynamic rupture on an interface between a compliant fault zone layer and a stiffer surrounding solid, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 107, 2, pp. 1-13, (2002); 
Ben-Zion, Yehuda, Characterization of fault zones, Pure and Applied Geophysics, 160, 3-4, pp. 677-715, (2003); 
US Geological Survey Open File Report, (2001); 
Burchfiel, B. Clark, A geological and geophysical context for the Wenchuan earthquake of 12 May 2008, Sichuan, People's Republic of China, GSA Today, 18, 7, pp. 4-11, (2008); 
Çakir, Ziyadin, Coseismic and early post-seismic slip associated with the 1999 Izmit earthquake (Turkey), from SAR interferometry and tectonic field observations, Geophysical Journal International, 155, 1, pp. 93-110, (2003); 
undefined, (2004); 
Chigira, Masahiro, Geological and geomorphological characteristics of landslides triggered by the 2004 Mid Niigta prefecture earthquake in Japan, Engineering Geology, 82, 4, pp. 202-221, (2006); 
Chigira, Masahiro, Geological causes and geomorphological precursors of the Tsaoling landslide triggered by the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake, Taiwan, Engineering Geology, 68, 3-4, pp. 259-273, (2003)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Chai, H., Zhang, C., Meng, Y., Li, H.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Chai, Hejun (7101929542); Zhang, Changlin (59615482000); Meng, Yunwei (59439216300); Li, Haiping (36613311800)
7101929542; 59615482000; 59439216300; 36613311800
The analysis and solvement of some geotechnical topics in post-disaster reconstruction highway
(2011) Applied Mechanics and Materials, 97-98, pp. 69 - 72, Cited 1 times.
DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.97-98.69
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80053638075&doi=10.4028%2Fwww.scientific.net%2FAMM.97-98.69&partnerID=40&md5=c0824ec7041d785296752906c3640995

AFFILIATIONS: Chongqing Communications Research and Design Institute, Chongqing, Chongqing, China
ABSTRACT: The highway in earthquake region suffered serious damage during Wenchuan's Earthquake in 2008. In all projects of post-disaster reconstruction, the reconstruction of highway and making highway work once again are prerequisite. There are a plenty of rock fall, dangerous rock, landslide, and debris flow sections along the highway between epicenter areas Wenchuan County to Li County. Among the post-disaster reconstruction of the highway, efficiently solvement of these disaster or potential disaster is one of geotechnical engineering topics. Phyllite rock occurs in large number along the highway but is defective fillings. This kind of material if not made full used, it will be able to lead to filling shortage and environmental disruption. How to treat it as a resource for roadbed fillings is the second of the important geotechnical engineering topics in the highway reconstruction. There are many narrow sections along the highway, and Inside Mountain is not stable. Common anti-skating retaining wall is not fit the severe condition because of its basement dug being harmful for mountain slope steady. How to pass this kind of sections is also bottle neck technique. The above technical problems are analyzed and the relevant solutions are proposed. So the troubles are solved efficiently and the highway is open to traffic on schedule. The terms of settlement provide reference for similar highway reconstruction projects. © (2011) Trans Tech Publications.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Filling; Gabion retaining wall; Geotechnical problems; Landslide; Reconstruction
INDEX KEYWORDS: Debris flows; Environmental disruption; Geotechnical; Geotechnical problems; Mountain slopes; Phyllite; Reconstruction projects; Rockfalls; Technical problem; Civil engineering; Debris; Earthquakes; Filling; Image reconstruction; Landslides; Retaining walls; Rock bursts; Geotechnical engineering
REFERENCES: Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong University Natural Science, (2010); 
Huang, Runqiu, Research on development and distribution rules of geohazards induced by Wenchuan earthquake on 12th May, 2008, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 27, 12, pp. 2585-2592, (2008); 
Xie, Heping, Wenchuan large earthquake and post-earthquake reconstruction-related geotechnical problems, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 27, 9, pp. 1781-1791, (2008)
SPONSORS: Shandong Jianzhu University, School of Civil Engineering, Shandong University, School of Civil Engineering, Shandong Univ. Sci. Technol., Sch. Civ. Eng. Archit., Yantai University, School of Civil Engineering, Shandong Prov. Key Lab Appraisal Retrofitting Build. Struct.
CONFERENCE NAME: 2011 International Conference on Civil Engineering and Transportation, ICCET 2011
CONFERENCE DATE: 2011-10-14 through 2011-10-16
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Kong, J., Fayou, F., Ni, Z., Cui, Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Kong, Jiming (55793897000); Fayou, A. (36607707800); Ni, Zhenqiang (36976028800); Cui, Yun (57188824346)
55793897000; 36607707800; 36976028800; 57188824346
Effects of excavation on deformation and failure of anti-dip slopes under the action of seismic load
(2011) Applied Mechanics and Materials, 94-96, pp. 1864 - 1869, Cited 3 times.
DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.94-96.1864
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80053322247&doi=10.4028%2Fwww.scientific.net%2FAMM.94-96.1864&partnerID=40&md5=375e16379585d6487f84aca3acca31c7

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Faculty of Land Resource Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Wenchuan earthquak induced a large number of mountain hazards. Through the survey found that manual excavation slopes tend to become concentrated area of mountain disaster, it's indicate that the effect of excavation damage on the slope deformation and failure under seismic load is very obvious. Anti-dumping slope deformation as one types of mountain hazards induced by Wenchuan earthquake, and it's also seriously affected by excavation damage. In this paper, as Wang Jiaping landslide for example, using the finite element method to simulate the landslide and analysis the deformation and failure of slope affected by the excavation damage. Analysis shows that deformation and failure of slope is significantly induced by excavation, and resulting in displacement, stress and the between layer sliding distance increased,the between layer friction stress reduced. The results agreement with the characteristics of the anti-dumping slope deformation and failure induced by Wenchuan earthquake mainly concentrated in excavation slopes. © (2011) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Anti-dumping slope; Deformation and failure; Excavation damage; Seismic load
INDEX KEYWORDS: Anti-dumping slope; Excavation slope; Friction stress; Mountain hazard; Seismic load; Sliding distances; Slope deformation; Wenchuan Earthquake; Civil engineering; Deformation; Earthquakes; Excavation; Finite element method; Landforms; Landslides; Safety engineering
REFERENCES: Huang, Runqiu, Development and distribution of geohazards triggered by the 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake in China, Science in China, Series E: Technological Sciences, 52, 4, pp. 810-819, (2009); 
Xu, Qiang, Landslide dams triggered by the Wenchuan Earthquake, Sichuan Province, south west China, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 68, 3, pp. 373-386, (2009); 
Geology and Exploration, (2009); 
Bommer, Julian J., Earthquake-induced landslides in Central America, Engineering Geology, 63, 3-4, pp. 189-220, (2002); 
Luo, Gang, Seismic dynamic responses of plane sliding rock slope, Xinan Jiaotong Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University, 45, 4, pp. 521-526, (2010); 
Lü, Tao, Study of influence of rock hardness on characteristic of seismic response of bedrock-foundation of nuclear power plants, Yantu Lixue/Rock and Soil Mechanics, 31, 4, pp. 1319-1325, (2010); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2001)
SPONSORS: Shandong Jianzhu University, School of Civil Engineering, Shandong University, School of Civil Engineering, Shandong Univ. Sci. Technol. Sch. Civ. Eng. Archit., Yantai University, School of Civil Engineering, Shandong Prov. Key Lab Appraisal Retrofitting Build. Struct.
CONFERENCE NAME: 2011 International Conference on Civil Engineering and Transportation, ICCET 2011
CONFERENCE DATE: 2010-10-14 through 2010-10-16
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Tang, A., Wang, L., Wen, A.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Tang, Aiping (7201843890); Wang, Lianfa (35301124700); Wen, Aihua (21735149100)
7201843890; 35301124700; 21735149100
Main transportation system earthquake damages due to slope failure and near fault effection in 8.0 wenchuan earthquake
(2011) Applied Mechanics and Materials, 90-93, pp. 1659 - 1663, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.90-93.1659
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80053233129&doi=10.4028%2Fwww.scientific.net%2FAMM.90-93.1659&partnerID=40&md5=0a4dbc51d089dbe422976d664236dc7f

AFFILIATIONS: Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China; Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
ABSTRACT: A Ms=8.0 earthquake striked the most of the China on May 12th, 2008, and brought about near 90,000 deaths and about 700 billion dollars of direct economic losses. This earthquake impacted all kind of transportation system including highway, railway, airline and water carriage systems in a huge area. This paper provides many records of observed damage to transportation system by site investigation. The seismic performances related to transportation system in meizoseismal zonation were described in details in this paper. Occurring in a mountainous region, this earthquake severely damaged the transportation system because of strong earthquake motion, near the active faults, trigged landslides and debris, rock and soil collapses, and large ground deformation. Transportation system performance degradation was due to not only physical damages of equipments and buildings, but also the shortage of the electric powers and supporting from other lifeline systems. some statitical laws among transportation system , slope failure and fault distance, and some valuable measures for resisting strong earthquake motion, secondary earthquake-induced geological disaster and lessons learned for damage prevention and system recovery to lifeline system were also discussed in this paper. © (2011) Trans Tech Publications.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Earthquake damage; Fault; Lifeline earthquake engineering; Slope failure; Transportation system
INDEX KEYWORDS: Earthquake damages; Fault; Lifeline earthquake engineering; Slope failure; Transportation system; Aircraft accidents; Civil engineering; Debris; Disaster prevention; Earthquakes; Losses; Secondary recovery; Slope stability; Transportation
REFERENCES: Loss assessment of Wenchuan Earthquake, 28, 5, pp. 10-19; 
Acta Geoscientica Sinica, (2008); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2008); 
Li, Xiaojun, Strong motion observations and recordings from the great Wenchuan Earthquake, Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, 7, 3, pp. 235-246, (2008); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2009); 
Proceedings of 3rd International Geotehnical Engineering Symposium on Disaster Prevention Reduction, (2009)
SPONSORS: Shandong Jianzhu University, School of Civil Engineering, Shandong University, School of Civil Engineering, Shandong Univ. Sci. Technol. Sch. Civ. Eng. Archit., Yantai University, School of Civil Engineering, Shandong Prov. Key Lab Appraisal Retrofitting Build. Struct.
CONFERENCE NAME: 2011 International Conference on Civil Engineering and Transportation, ICCET 2011
CONFERENCE DATE: 2011-10-14 through 2011-10-16
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Xue, D.-J., He, Z.-W., Zhang, X.-F., Zhang, D.-H.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Xue, Dongjian (36816510500); He, Zhengwei (7403885268); Zhang, Xuefeng (37007238900); Zhang, Donghui (59781917100)
36816510500; 7403885268; 37007238900; 59781917100
Analysis of secondary geohazard after "5.12" earthquake; a case study of Qingchuan and Pingwu counties
(2011) Journal of Natural Disasters, 20 (5), pp. 162 - 168, Cited 5 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84863159135&partnerID=40&md5=730303f8f23e856603b2b5df7e0ac504

AFFILIATIONS: College of Information Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; College of Earth Sciences, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: The "5.12" Wenchuan earthquake induces a large number of secondary geohazards, causing large - scale mountain landslide, collapse, debris flow, barrier lakes and other secondary disasters. The earthquake has caused people's life and property to loss heavily. Through the ground investigation of basic geological, hydrological and meteorological conditions, etc., in Pingwu and Qingchuan regarded multi -source remote sensing data as the information sources and combined with 3S, the paper interprets the secondary geohazard and potential geohazard body, and furthermore talks about occurrence and distribution of secondly geohazard after-earthquake. The findings should be good reference for the reconstruction and prevention for disaster-prone area and the mechanism on disaster remote sensing research frequent earthquakes.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Earthquake; Geohazard; Remote sensing image
INDEX KEYWORDS: data set; debris flow; earthquake mechanism; geological hazard; landslide; remote sensing; research work; satellite data; satellite imagery; seismic hazard; Sichuan earthquake 2008; China; Pingwu; Qingchuan; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Keefer, David K., LANDSLIDES CAUSED BY EARTHQUAKES., Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 95, 4, pp. 406-421, (1984); 
Keefer, David K., Statiscal analysis of an earthquake-induced landslide distribution - The 1989 Loma Prieta, California event, Engineering Geology, 58, 3-4, pp. 231-249, (2000)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Liu, X.-R., Hu, Y.-X., Ge, H., Qi, D.-H.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Liu, Xinrong (14619293300); Hu, Yuanxin (56162991000); Ge, Hua (59831527900); Qi, Dahe (55777886400)
14619293300; 56162991000; 59831527900; 55777886400
Analyses of earthquake-induced landslide inventory in Yingxiu meizoseismal area of 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake
(2011) Chongqing Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Chongqing University, 34 (10), pp. 86 - 96, Cited 1 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-81355135072&partnerID=40&md5=e9e218524559325cb6817b2139ff3fa5

AFFILIATIONS: College of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of New Technology for Construction of Cities in Mountain Area, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China; China Geological Survey, Beijing, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: A number of landslides were triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake on May 12 2008. The damage caused by these landslides was even more than that by earthquake. Systematic landslides inventory, as a basic technique for landslide study, can provide applicable data to quantify the study of landslides. A lot of earthquake-induced landslides were concentrated in Yingxiu meizoseismal area of 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake. By means of post-earthquake aerial photo and satellite imagery interpretation and field investigation, this paper gets the information including locations, types and morphometry about 1948 earthquake-induced landslides within the Yingxiu Meizoseismal area (about 109.3 km2) and inventoried them with GIS software. Then, overlay analyses are used between these landslides inventory data and environmental factors such as slope aspect, slope angle, distance from ridge, geologic units and lithology, distance from epicentre and seismogenic fault. The results show that: Landslides are triggered by earthquake scatter predominantly in the range of 30°~50°, and the landslide density is positively correlated with slope angle. Areas nearby ridge are of high landslide density indicating that amplification effect of ridge on seismic wave is an important reason of slope failure. Earthquake-induced landslide development level in Pengguan complex is higher than that in sedimentary petrologic province. Landslide density is the single exponential negative correlation with distance from epicentre and seismogenic fault indicating that earthquake-induced landslide development level in hanging wall of seismogenic fault is higher than that in footwall, and the results predicted by regression correlation agree with the existing research findings.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake; Earthquake-induced landslide inventory; Statistical analysis; Yingxiu merzoseismal area
INDEX KEYWORDS: Aerial photos; Earthquake-induced landslide inventory; Environmental factors; Epicentre; Field investigation; Geologic units; GIS software; Imagery interpretation; Inventory data; Meizoseismal areas; Morphometry; Negative correlation; Overlay analysis; Seismogenic faults; Slope angles; Slope aspect; Slope failure; Wenchuan Earthquake; Yingxiu merzoseismal area; Landslides; Lithology; Satellite imagery; Statistical methods; Earthquakes
REFERENCES: Malamud, Bruce D., Landslide inventories and their statistical properties, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 29, 6, pp. 687-711, (2004); 
Keefer, David K., LANDSLIDES CAUSED BY EARTHQUAKES., Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 95, 4, pp. 406-421, (1984); 
Jibson, Randall W., Large rock avalanches triggered by the M 7.9 Denali Fault, Alaska, earthquake of 3 November 2002, Engineering Geology, 83, 1-3, pp. 144-160, (2006); 
Jibson, Randall W., Landslides triggered by the 2002 Denali fault, Alaska, earthquake and the inferred nature of the strong shaking, Earthquake Spectra, 20, 3, pp. 669-691, (2004); 
Inventory of Landslides Triggered by the 1994 Northridge California Earthquake, (1995); 
Harp, Edwin L., Landslides triggered by the 1994 Northridge, California, earthquake, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 86, 1 SUPPL. B, pp. S319-S332, (1996); 
Proc Landslides, (1996); 
Kieffer, Daniel Scott, Landslides triggered by the 2004 Niigata Ken Chuetsu, Japan, earthquake, Earthquake Spectra, 22, SUPPL. 1, pp. S47-S73, (2006); 
Jibson, Randall W., Some observations of landslides triggered by the 29 April 1991 Racha earthquake, Republic of Georgia, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 84, 4, pp. 963-973, (1994); 
Parise, Mario, A seismic landslide susceptibility rating of geologic units based on analysis of characterstics of landslides triggered by the 17 January, 1994 Northridge, California earthquake, Engineering Geology, 58, 3-4, pp. 251-270, (2000)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Dong, J.-Y., Yang, G.-X., Wu, F.-Q., Qi, S.-W.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Dong, Jinyu (35723828000); Yang, Guoxiang (36769878300); Wu, Faquan (23394142500); Qi, Shengwen (55411952900)
35723828000; 36769878300; 23394142500; 55411952900
The large-scale shaking table test study of dynamic response and failure mode of bedding rock slope under earthquake
(2011) Yantu Lixue/Rock and Soil Mechanics, 32 (10), pp. 2977 - 2988, Cited 109 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80355133097&partnerID=40&md5=d695fe24c8353dc372162e433164184e

AFFILIATIONS: School of Resources and Environment, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Key Laboratory of Engineering Geomechanics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: It is necessary to study bedding rock landslides induced by "5 · 12" Wenchuan earthquake. According to the similar relationship of dynamic model test, a bedding model slope is built with a height of 1.6 m, length of 1.75 m, width of 0.8 m and a slope angle larger than the dip angle of the rock stratum. A large-scale shaking table test of the model slope is performed. The results show that amplification coefficients of the acceleration along slope surface and in vertical direction increase with the elevation increasing. And its increment speeds also increase with the elevation increasing. At the same elevation, the amplification coefficients of the acceleration on slope surface are larger than that in slope body. The input frequency of seismic waves has obvious effects on dynamic responses of slope. The amplification effect of acceleration enhances evidently with the frequency increasing and approach to the natural frequency of the model slope. The amplification coefficients of the acceleration decrease with the earthquake amplitudes increasing. Comparing with the acceleration monitoring data obtained by the shaking table test of the homogeneous slope, it is found that structural surface of the slope also has effects on the amplification coefficients of the acceleration. Because of reflection and refraction of structural surface, the amplification effect of acceleration enhances evidently. Based on analysis of failure features of the slope, the failure process is described as earthquake induction-loosening of rock mass and tensile failure of the crest of the slope-propagation and coalescence of cracks in the middle part of slope surface-occurrence of high locality landslide-formation of debris flow-accumulation at the slope toe. The study results are helpful to reveal the formation mechanism of landslide under earthquake and provide valuable references for disaster prevention and reduction.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Amplification coefficients of acceleration; Bedding rock slope; Failure mode; Frequency; Large-scale shaking table test; Slope structure
INDEX KEYWORDS: Amplification coefficients of acceleration; Bedding rock slope; Frequency; Shaking table tests; Slope structure; Acceleration; Amplification; Coalescence; Debris; Disaster prevention; Dynamic response; Earthquakes; Landslides; Seismic waves; Testing; Rocks
REFERENCES: J Soil Mech Found Div, (1956); 
Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division ASCE, (1963); 
undefined, (2005); 
Ling, Xianzhang, Large-scale shaking table model test of seismic response of bridge of pile foundation in ground of liquefaction, Yantu Lixue/Rock and Soil Mechanics, 27, 1, pp. 7-22, (2006); 
Zuo, Xi, Shaking table test on ground liquefaction effect of soil-metro station structure under near-and-far field ground motions, Yantu Lixue/Rock and Soil Mechanics, 31, 12, pp. 3733-3740, (2010); 
Chinese Journal of Geology, (1977); 
undefined, (1987); 
Proc Int Cont on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics, (1984); 
World Information on Earthquake Engineering, (2004); 
Journal of Xi an University of Science and Technology, (2004)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Fan, J., Li, X., Guo, F., Guo, X.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Fan, Jianrong (8727506000); Li, Xiuzhen (56237865700); Guo, Fenfen (55417286500); Guo, Xiang (57198726323)
8727506000; 56237865700; 55417286500; 57198726323
Empirical-statistical models based on remote sensing for estimating the volume of landslides induced by the Wenchuan earthquake
(2011) Journal of Mountain Science, 8 (5), pp. 711 - 717, Cited 9 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11629-011-2133-4
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80052888554&doi=10.1007%2Fs11629-011-2133-4&partnerID=40&md5=a11f165853a1e7eb08017cee936be71c

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: The Wenchuan Ms 8. 0 earthquake on May 12, 2008 induced a huge number of landslides. The distribution and volume of the landslides are very important for assessing risks and understanding the landslide - debris flow - barrier lake - bursts flood disaster chain. The number and the area of landslides in a wide region can be easily obtained by remote sensing technique, while the volume is relatively difficult to obtain because it requires some detailed geometric information of slope failure surface and sub-surface. Different empirical models for estimating landslide volume were discussed based on the data of 107 landslides in the earthquake-stricken area. The volume data of these landslides were collected by field survey. Their areas were obtained by interpreting remote sensing images while their apparent friction coefficients and height were extracted from the images unifying DEM (digital elevation model). By analyzing the relationships between the volume and the area, apparent friction coefficients, and the height, two models were established, one for the adaptation of a magnitude scale landslide events in a wide range of region, another for the adaptation in a small scope. The correlation coefficients (R2) are 0. 7977 and 0. 8913, respectively. The results estimated by the two models agree well with the measurement data. © 2011 Science Press, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, CAS and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake; Estimation model; Landslides; Remote sensing; Volume
REFERENCES: Journal of Mountain Science, (2008); 
Cui, Peng, The Wenchuan Earthquake (May 12, 2008), Sichuan Province, China, and resulting geohazards, Natural Hazards, 56, 1, pp. 19-36, (2011); 
Cui, Peng, The 12 May Wenchuan earthquake-induced landslide lakes: Distribution and preliminary risk evaluation, Landslides, 6, 3, pp. 209-223, (2009); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2008); 
Galli, Mirco, Comparing landslide inventory maps, Geomorphology, 94, 3-4, pp. 268-289, (2008); 
Guzzetti, Fausto, Power-law correlations of landslide areas in central Italy, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 195, 3-4, pp. 169-183, (2002); 
Guzzetti, Fausto, Landslide volumes and landslide mobilization rates in Umbria, central Italy, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 279, 3-4, pp. 222-229, (2009); 
Huang, Runqiu, Mechanism and geomechanical modes of landslide hazards triggered by Wenchuan 8.0 earthquake, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 28, 6, pp. 1239-1249, (2009); 
Liu, Jinfeng, Identification of potential sites of debris flows in the upper Min River drainage, following environmental changes caused by the Wenchuan earthquake, Journal of Mountain Science, 7, 3, pp. 255-263, (2010); 
Northwestern Seismological Journal, (1996)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Liu, Y., Chang, X.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Liu, Yunpeng (39762039200); Chang, Xingwang (50660959100)
39762039200; 50660959100
Analysis of basic characteristics and formation mechanism for the collapse in back of the Panda Garden rearing sheds located in Wolong town
(2011), art. no. 6002590, pp. 3838 - 3841, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.1109/ICMT.2011.06002590
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80052957279&doi=10.1109%2FICMT.2011.06002590&partnerID=40&md5=e16e1f569f520f7a5542653d2cda4e36

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; China Railway Eryuan Engineering Group Co. Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake triggered a large number of collapses, landslides and other secondary disasters caused serious loss of life and property. At the same time, the earthquake generated a lot of loose debris and serious injured and damaged the mountain so as to form potentially dangerous rock which serious threat to people's safety in the future. On the basis of detailed investigation of the mountain collapse in back of Panda Garden rearing sheds, the collapse failure mechanism and the instability modes of potential dangerous rock are revealed by the analysis of topography, lithology and rock structure. Discrete element software is used to simulate the failure process of collapse in the earthquake. The results showed that the passive protection facilities within a certain range in the slope toe have obvious block and restriction for falling stone. This provides the basis for supporting design, and the evidence for the collapse formation mechanism study under strong earthquake. © 2011 IEEE.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Collapse; Earthquake; Rock mass structure characteristics; Secondary disasters
INDEX KEYWORDS: Collapse; Discrete elements; Failure mechanism; Failure process; Formation mechanism; Instability modes; Loss of life; Passive protection; Rock mass structure characteristics; Rock structures; Supporting design; Wenchuan Earthquake; Debris; Disasters; Lithology; Rocks; Slope protection; Earthquakes
REFERENCES: Large Scale Landslides Induced by the Wenchuan Earthquake, (2009); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2008); 
Journal of Geological Hazards and Environment Preservation, (2009); 
Huang, Runqiu, Mechanism and geomechanical modes of landslide hazards triggered by Wenchuan 8.0 earthquake, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 28, 6, pp. 1239-1249, (2009); 
Cui, Fangpeng, Discrete element analysis of collapsing and sliding response of slope triggered by time difference coupling effects of P and S seismic waves - Taking Tangjiashan landslide in beichuan county for example, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 29, 2, pp. 319-327, (2010)
SPONSORS: University of Louisville, Ningbo University, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Communication University of China, Georgia State University
CONFERENCE NAME: 2nd International Conference on Multimedia Technology, ICMT 2011
CONFERENCE DATE: 2011-07-26 through 2011-07-28
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Xu, Z.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Xu, Zhong (57218168380)
57218168380
The stability analysis of a rocky landslide in earthquake emergency exploration project
(2011), art. no. 6003305, pp. 1843 - 1846, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.1109/ICMT.2011.6003305
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80052945371&doi=10.1109%2FICMT.2011.6003305&partnerID=40&md5=e8d60d49fd60d44dac3006d0bf14949c

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: ″5.12″ Wenchuan earthquake triggered a lot of secondary geologic hazards which caused a catastrophic harm to the country and the people's lives and properties. This paper combined the development of emergency exploration work for post-disaster reconstruction project to analyse the basic characteristics and genetic mechanism of a rocky landslide, and then did the stability analysis and calculation for the landslide, at last, provided the prevention basis of the rocky landslide according to the results of stability calculation. © 2011 IEEE.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Landslide exploration; Post-disaster reconstruction; Rocky landslide; Stability analysis
INDEX KEYWORDS: Exploration projects; Genetic mechanism; Geologic hazards; Post-disaster reconstruction; Reconstruction projects; Rocky landslide; Stability analysis; Stability calculation; Wenchuan Earthquake; Disaster prevention; Earthquakes; Stability; Landslides
REFERENCES: Chinese Geological Education, (2008); 
Seismology and Geology, (2008); 
Catastrophic Landslides in China, (2008); 
Lin, Hang, The standards for critical failure state of slope, Meitan Xuebao/Journal of the China Coal Society, 33, 6, pp. 643-647, (2008); 
Journal of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, (2008); 
Huang, Runqiu, Geodynamical process and stability control of high rock slope development, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 27, 8, pp. 1525-1544, (2008); 
Xu, Qing, Numerical analysis and comprehensive comparison of stability and reinforcement of rock slope, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 27, SUPPL. 2, pp. 3692-3698, (2008)
SPONSORS: University of Louisville, Ningbo University, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Communication University of China, Georgia State University
CONFERENCE NAME: 2nd International Conference on Multimedia Technology, ICMT 2011
CONFERENCE DATE: 2011-07-26 through 2011-07-28
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Dai, F., Tu, X., Xu, C., Gong, Q.M., Yao, X.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Dai, Fuchu (7102055666); Tu, Xinbin (7102136710); Xu, Chong (35184309900); Gong, Qiuming (24080084900); Yao, Xin (55723721600)
7102055666; 7102136710; 35184309900; 24080084900; 55723721600
Rock avalanches triggered by oblique-thrusting during the 12 May 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China
(2011) Geomorphology, 132 (3-4), pp. 300 - 318, Cited 87 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2011.05.016
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79960234675&doi=10.1016%2Fj.geomorph.2011.05.016&partnerID=40&md5=5d877fcea8246dc7d06729cabe7fe715

AFFILIATIONS: Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China; Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: The 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake (Ms 8.0) triggered over 56,000 landslides over a broad area, including shallow, disrupted landslides, rock falls, deep-seated landslides, and rock avalanches. Among these landslides, rock avalanches are of great concern because of the large volume of displaced material, the long runout distance and the resulting fatalities. In this paper, some rock avalanches (including the Woqian, the Tangjiawan, the Hongyancun, the Xiejiadianzi, and the Shuimogou rock avalanches) were selected for detailed study. Mapping of coseismic surface rupture has been carried out at regional and site scales. The minor scarps or stepped topographic features observed at the source areas of the rock avalanches correspond spatially to the surface rupture, indicating that they should be created by thrusting of a fault that ruptured during the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. Avalanche deposits of some rock avalanches are shifted northeastward, the same direction with the strike-slip of the fault rupture, compared with the sources of the rock avalanches, indicating that the component of strike-slip of the fault rupture exerted a horizontal initial velocity on the failed mass. For the Woqian rock avalanche, the source rock on the hanging wall was pushed northeastward, creating a hummocky topographic feature because of the right-lateral slip of the fault rupture. These rock avalanches are, therefore, triggered by oblique-thrust faulting. In addition, the source rock mass was of poor quality resulting from the shearing and brecciation associated with fault movement in history, rendering the rock slopes prone to failure and contributing to the high degree of disintegration of the failed rock mass. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Oblique-thrust faulting; Rock avalanches; Surface rupture; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: coseismic process; earthquake mechanism; earthquake rupture; fault zone; hummocky cross-stratification; landslide; rock avalanche; rockfall; Sichuan earthquake 2008; strike-slip fault; thrust; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Boultbee, Nichole L., The Zymoetz River rock avalanche, June 2002, British Columbia, Canada, Engineering Geology, 83, 1-3, pp. 76-93, (2006); 
Burchfiel, B. Clark, A geological and geophysical context for the Wenchuan earthquake of 12 May 2008, Sichuan, People's Republic of China, GSA Today, 18, 7, pp. 4-11, (2008); 
Burchfiel, B. Clark, Tectonics of the Longmen Shan and Adjacent Regions, Central China, International Geology Review, 37, 8, pp. 661-735, (1995); 
Chen, Zhiliang, Global Positioning System measurements from eastern Tibet and their implications for India/Eurasia intercontinental deformation, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 105, B7, pp. 16215-16227, (2000); 
Chigira, Masahiro, Landslides induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China, Geomorphology, 118, 3-4, pp. 225-238, (2010); 
China Earthquake Networks Center Cenc Rupture Process of the 2008 Ms 8 0 Wenchuan Earthquake, (2008); 
Corominas, Jordi, The angle of reach as a mobility index for small and large landslides, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 33, 2, pp. 260-271, (1996); 
Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011); 
Seismology and Geology, (1994); 
Densmore, Alexander Logan, Active tectonics of the Beichuan and Pengguan faults at the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, Tectonics, 26, 4, (2007)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Tang, C., Zhu, J., Qi, X., Ding, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Tang, Chuan (35932953300); Zhu, Jing (55704611000); Qi, Xin (35932814100); Ding, Jun (55463437900)
35932953300; 55704611000; 35932814100; 55463437900
Landslides induced by the Wenchuan earthquake and the subsequent strong rainfall event: A case study in the Beichuan area of China
(2011) Engineering Geology, 122 (1-2), pp. 22 - 33, Cited 233 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2011.03.013
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80052386953&doi=10.1016%2Fj.enggeo.2011.03.013&partnerID=40&md5=cf742e02e2bfd92041d148305b46f0d9

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: The Wenchuan earthquake on May 12, 2008 triggered massive landslides and a subsequent, strong rainfall prompted the development of new landslides as well as the reactivation of some pre-existing landslides. The highest seismic intensity zone of the Wenchuan earthquake in Beichuan, China was selected as a case study to analyze the influence of the earthquake and the subsequent, heavy rains on landslide evolution. We selected this study area (414km2) since it was close to the coseismic surface rupture and because it suffered strong ground motion. Based on the interpretation of high-resolution aerial photographs and remote sensing imagery combined with field investigation, 40 pre-earthquake landslides and 2221 coseismic landslides were identified with total landslide areas of 2.68km2 and 30.81km2, respectively. There were 134 large (over 50,000m2), co-seismic landslides that covered a surface area of 15.54km2 and represented approximately 50.4% of the total area of the co-seismic landslides. The coseismic landslides were mainly located on the hanging wall of the causative fault and on the steep, valley sides of the Jian River and its tributaries. A strong rainfall event occurred four months after the Wenchuan earthquake and induced 969 new landslides (which covered a 6.90km2 area) and enlarged 169 existing landslides (2.48km2). The landslides were identified in SPOT5 images. Ultimately, we found that earthquake tremors and the subsequent rainstorm severely disturbed the surface strata, resulting in a large number of landslides. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Evolution; Landslide; Rainstorm; Remote sensing imagery; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Aerial Photographs; Coseismic surface rupture; Evolution; Field investigation; Heavy rains; High resolution; Rainfall event; Rainstorm; Remote sensing imagery; Seismic intensity; Strong ground motion; Study areas; Surface area; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes; Photography; Rain; Remote sensing; Storms; Landslides; aerial photography; coseismic process; fault; ground motion; hanging wall; imagery; landform evolution; landslide; rainfall; rainstorm; seismic zone; Sichuan earthquake 2008; SPOT; trigger mechanism; Beichuan; China; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Chigira, Masahiro, Landslides induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China, Geomorphology, 118, 3-4, pp. 225-238, (2010); 
Ioseismal Map of the Wenchuan Earthquake, (2010); 
Regional Geological Map of Sichuan Province 1 200 000, (2001); 
Cruden, David M., Landslide types and processes, Special Report - National Research Council, Transportation Research Board, 247, pp. 36-75, (1996); 
Cui, Peng, The 12 May Wenchuan earthquake-induced landslide lakes: Distribution and preliminary risk evaluation, Landslides, 6, 3, pp. 209-223, (2009); 
Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011); 
García-Rodríguez, M. J., Susceptibility assessment of earthquake-triggered landslides in El Salvador using logistic regression, Geomorphology, 95, 3-4, pp. 172-191, (2008); 
Harp, Edwin L., Landslides triggered by the 1994 Northridge, California, earthquake, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 86, 1 SUPPL. B, pp. S319-S332, (1996); 
Huang, Runqiu, Analysis of the geo-hazards triggered by the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake, China, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 68, 3, pp. 363-371, (2009); 
Jibson, Randall W., A method for producing digital probabilistic seismic landslide hazard maps, Engineering Geology, 58, 3-4, pp. 271-289, (2000)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Liu, Y.-L., Zhang, Y., Ren, Y., Liu, Z., Liu, X., Wei, C.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Liu, Yalan (8937210700); Zhang, Yong (57196211469); Ren, Yuhuan (59157824300); Liu, Zhumei (49361845400); Liu, Xianglong (57192261548); Wei, Chengjie (7401658054)
8937210700; 57196211469; 59157824300; 49361845400; 57192261548; 7401658054
Study on highway debris flow hazard assessment in Wenchuan County
(2011), art. no. 5964611, pp. 1667 - 1670, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.1109/RSETE.2011.5964611
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80052251209&doi=10.1109%2FRSETE.2011.5964611&partnerID=40&md5=af09e8b8366ebf51399ba68ee4411fae

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Remote Sensing Application Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; China Academy of Transportation Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Based on remote sensing and geographic information system technology, and hazard assessment methodologies, this paper focus on the study of debris flow hazard assessment in Wenchuan Count, and Yingxiu-Wenchuan highway, which is the part of National Highway No. 213 and No.317, and the lifeline for 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake. Considering topography, geology, vegetation and land use patterns and etc, the synthetic evaluation factors for debris flow hazard assessment were operated by different layers and overlay analysis in GIS. Through comprehensive analysis of multifactor, the debris flow hazard areas in Wenchuan County were identified, and then the hazard regions along Yingxiu-Wenchuan highway were divided as well. The results show that debris flow hazard areas in Wenchuan County mainly distribute along National Highway No.213, and No.317. Furthermore, debris flow hazard areas distribute along Yingxiu-Wenchuan highway, and mainly locate in five towns: covers 4.5 km in Yingxiu Town, 10.5 km in Yinxing Town, 11 km in Caopo Town, 14 km in Mianchi Town, and 8 km in Weizhou Town. This paper provides technical support to the prevention of debris flow hazard for road construction and operation, to mitigation its harm on the highway in the study area. And it will lay the foundation for further study, the practical application and dissemination of assessment techniques. © 2011 IEEE.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flow; GIS; Hazard assessment; Highway; Remote sensing; Wenchuan
INDEX KEYWORDS: Assessment technique; Comprehensive analysis; Debris flow hazards; Debris flows; Hazard Assessment; Hazard assessment methodologies; Highway; Land use pattern; Multi-factor; Overlay analysis; Study areas; Synthetic evaluation; Technical support; Wenchuan; Wenchuan Earthquake; Debris; Geographic information systems; Land use; Rating; Remote sensing; Hazards
REFERENCES: Journal of Natural Disasters, (2002); 
Chen, Yeying, Research on the law of highway debris flow moving in control structures, Chongqing Jianzhu Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Chongqing Jianzhu University, 28, 5, pp. 35-46, (2006); 
Research of Soil and Water Conservation, (2001); 
Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong University, (2004); 
Highway, (2007); 
Geology Disaster and Enviornment Protection, (2010); 
Provincial Department of Transportation Remote Sensing Surveying Report about Yingxiu Wenchuan Road, (2008); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2009); 
Landslides Occurred in Yingxiu Town of Wenchuan County Highway are Blocked, (2010); 
Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control, (2008)
SPONSORS: Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Peking University, Fudan University, Tsinghua University, Jilin University
CONFERENCE NAME: 2011 International Conference on Remote Sensing, Environment and Transportation Engineering, RSETE 2011
CONFERENCE DATE: 2011-06-24 through 2011-06-26
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Su, P.C., Liu, B.-T., Cheng, Z., Zhao, Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Su, Pengcheng (55234493100); Liu, Bintao (35211116300); Cheng, Zunlan (18433736100); Zhao, Yan (56948210100)
55234493100; 35211116300; 18433736100; 56948210100
Remote sensing interpretation of debris flow material sources and its distribution characteristics in Miancu Gully after Wenchuan earthquake
(2011), art. no. 5965489, pp. 5214 - 5217, Cited 1 times.
DOI: 10.1109/RSETE.2011.5965489
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80052221548&doi=10.1109%2FRSETE.2011.5965489&partnerID=40&md5=67e035ef990003a86fd1ced92ef9e456

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: The Wenchuan earthquake has caused numerous landslides and avalanches as the sources for debris flows. A typical example is the Miancu Gully in Maoxian, where accumulates tremendous volume of loose solid materials that have formed 12 dammed lakes. Combining field surveys, Quickbird images (with spatial resolution of 0.61m) after the earthquake are used to identify the avalanches and landslides. Results show that there are 65 landslides and avalanches in the gully, amounting to area of 3.8×106m2· Among them there are 7 having area over 106m2. The 12 dammed lakes have a total area of 9.27 ×103 m2· The materials come mainly from the granite in the middle and the lower reaches, in volume of 1.56×107m3, and those from the upper reaches are shallow landslides, in volume of 1.87×106m 3· Combining with metrological and loose materials sources conditions, tendency of debris flow activity is analyzed and some advices are proposed for Miancu gully debris flow countermeasure. © 2011 IEEE.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Dammed lake; Debris flow; Material sources; Miancu Gully; Remote sensing interpretation; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Dammed lake; Debris flow; Miancu Gully; Remote sensing interpretation; Wenchuan Earthquake; Civil engineering; Earthquakes; Lakes; Landslides; Materials; Materials handling; Remote sensing; Debris
REFERENCES: Journal of Mountain Science, (2008); 
Yin, Yueping, Landslide hazards triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China, Landslides, 6, 2, pp. 139-152, (2009); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2009); 
Tang, Chuan, Rainfall-triggered debris flows following the Wenchuan earthquake, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 68, 2, pp. 187-194, (2009); 
Compilers of the Committee of Local Chronicles of Ma Wen Qiang Nationality Autonomous County in Aba Tibetan and Qiang Nationality Autonomous Prefecture in Sichuan Province, (1997)
SPONSORS: Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Peking University, Fudan University, Tsinghua University, Jilin University
CONFERENCE NAME: 2011 International Conference on Remote Sensing, Environment and Transportation Engineering, RSETE 2011
CONFERENCE DATE: 2011-06-24 through 2011-06-26
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Pei, X., Huang, R., Li, S.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Pei, Xiangjun (14058672500); Huang, Runqiu (55835407700); Li, Shigui (39762030800)
14058672500; 55835407700; 39762030800
Study of dynamic response of bridge pier shocked by falling rock induced by intensive earthquake
(2011) Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 30 (SUPPL. 2), pp. 3995 - 4001, Cited 8 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-82755187192&partnerID=40&md5=b609b0e13dcf5a6ef1c8377df2f2d262

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: In the high earthquake region of intensity VIII, dangerous rock mass slope of Xichongte bridge pier #16 at YK136+097 along Ya'an-Lugu highway is selected as studying objects. The geology-dynamics model of dangerous rock bodies is constructed from steep structural plane tilting to the outside slope and weathering- unloading fracture. Monitoring points are placed at important places of slope body and bridge pier. Using the numerical analysis method of discontinuous deformation, the instability model, failure scale, motion trajectory of dangerous rock masses and their impact dynamic response characteristics on bridge pier are simulated. Evolution process is presented as follows: Under intense earthquake, horizontal earthquake force causes enlargement effect, which results in earthquake collapse and ejection of the rock masses at salient position at first. Next, shattering-sliding and disintegrating of the rock masses happens along unloading tension fracture surfaces in the middle of slope. At last, the whole landslide body slumps along controlling structural plane and impacts bridge pier. Statistical analysis of displacement and deformation feature of all monitoring points at slope body and bridge pier shows that the displacement from all monitoring points is positively correlated with earthquake rhythm. Under the influence of the impacting of instability rock and the pushing of accumulation rock, the deformation and permanent displacement of beam and the top of pier are larger than that at other positions, which is the same as phenomenon of bridge failure during "5·12" Wenchuan earthquake. Based on the quantitative analysis of deformation of slope and pier, according to the collapse features induced by intense earthquake, prevention and treatment measurement are put forward for the dangerous rock mass of bridge slope.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Crashing bridge pier; Dangerous rock mass slope of Ya'an-Lugu highway; Earthquake collapse and shattering-sliding; Engineering geology; Fluctuating central axis; Permanent displacement
INDEX KEYWORDS: Bridge failures; Central axis; Dangerous rock mass slope of Ya'an-Lugu highway; Deformation feature; Discontinuous deformation; Earthquake force; Evolution process; Falling rocks; Impact dynamics; Instability model; Monitoring points; Motion trajectories; Permanent displacements; Response characteristic; Rock bodies; Rock mass; Structural planes; Tension fractures; Unloading fracture; Wenchuan Earthquake; Bridge piers; Bridges; Computer simulation; Deformation; Dynamic response; Earthquakes; Engineering geology; Fracture; Monitoring; Numerical analysis; Numerical methods; Piers; Rock mechanics; Structural geology; Tensile strength; Unloading; Weathering; Rocks
REFERENCES: Journal of Engineering Geology, (2008); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2008); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2009); 
Huang, Runqiu, Mechanism and geomechanical modes of landslide hazards triggered by Wenchuan 8.0 earthquake, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 28, 6, pp. 1239-1249, (2009); 
Shi, Genhua, Producing joint polygons, cutting joint blocks and finding key blocks for general free surfaces, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 25, 11, pp. 2161-2170, (2006); 
Wu, Aiqing, Numerical simulation of startup and whole failure process of Qianjiangping landslide using discontinuous deformation analysis method, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 25, 7, pp. 1297-1303, (2006); 
World Information on Earthquake Engineering, (1999); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2008)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Tang, M., Xu, Q., Zhang, W., Dong, X.-J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Tang, Minggao (12754057200); Xu, Qiang (56506033600); Zhang, Wei (56760581200); Dong, Xiujun (15758927100)
12754057200; 56506033600; 56760581200; 15758927100
Discuss on failure mechanism and geologic characteristic of Woqian landslide triggered by Wenchuan earthquake
(2011) Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 30 (SUPPL. 2), pp. 3491 - 3502, Cited 10 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-82755185834&partnerID=40&md5=5f8d6c22f30cb47de749cc1f271457b1

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geological Hazard Prevention and Geological Environment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: In order to find out the characteristics of Woqian landslide triggered by Wenchuan earthquake and discuss the instability mechanism of the landslide, the author has investigated the landslide area many times. The investigation results show as follows: (1) The geologic structure of Woqian landslide is up hardness and down softness, and up steep and down slow, belongs to a kind of landslide with pattern of rips-tend towards slide. (2) Woqian landslide is an intense start-up and long run-out landslide triggered by Shikan fault movement, and its hanging-wall effect, energy convergence release effect, long time and repeat effect of earthquake wave, zoom in effect of terrain, level acceleration effect. (3) Woqian landslide behaves a series of movement and accumulation characteristics differing from landslide by gravity, for example landslide cliff of high and coarse, centrifugal super high in curve, throw to side, classify accumulation, come into being 5 areas, i.e. landslide source, steep accelerate segment, sturzstroms, accumulation and side throw. (4) Woqian landslide comes through four stages, i.e. slope shake fissure, high speed canker, sturzstrom and accumulation. The peak velocity is 56.1m/s when sliding distance is about 800 m. The whole moving time is 57.1s, and the average velocity is 35.6m/s in the sliding process. High potential energy and fluidization is the main reason for Woqian long run-out landslide.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Long run-out and high-speed; Near-fault ground motion; Rips-tend towards slide; Slope engineering; Sturzstroms; Wenchuan earthquake; Woqian landslide
INDEX KEYWORDS: High-speed; Near fault ground motion; Rips-tend towards slide; Slope engineering; Sturzstroms; Wenchuan Earthquake; Centrifugation; Earthquakes; Fluidization; Landslides; Slope protection
REFERENCES: Keefer, David K., LANDSLIDES CAUSED BY EARTHQUAKES., Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 95, 4, pp. 406-421, (1984); 
Papadopoulos, Gerassimos A., Magnitude-distance relations for earthquake-induced landslides in Greece, Engineering Geology, 58, 3-4, pp. 377-386, (2000); 
Romeo, Roberto Walter, Seismically induced landslide displacements: A predictive model, Engineering Geology, 58, 3-4, pp. 337-351, (2000); 
Prestininzi, Alberto, Earthquake-induced ground failures in Italy, Engineering Geology, 58, 3-4, pp. 387-397, (2000); 
Kobayashi, Y., Long runout landslides riding on a basal guided wave, pp. 761-766, (1997); 
Dynamics of Rockslide Avalanche, (1999); 
Large Scale Landslides Induced by the Wenchuan Earthquake, (2009); 
Li, Chuanyou, Deformation styles of the northernmost surface rupture zone of the M s 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, Dizhen Dizhi, 31, 1, pp. 1-8, (2009); 
Huang, Runqiu, Mechanism and geomechanical modes of landslide hazards triggered by Wenchuan 8.0 earthquake, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 28, 6, pp. 1239-1249, (2009); 
Zheng, Yingren, Analysis and discussion of failure mechanism and fracture surface of slope under earthquake, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 28, 8, pp. 1714-1723, (2009)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zhang, Y., Su, S., Wu, S.R., Shi, J.S., Sun, P., Yao, X., Xiong, T.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhang, Yongshuang (55883678200); Su, Shengrui (7402029733); Wu, Shuren (15744734100); Shi, Jusong (7404495701); Sun, Ping (26428429500); Yao, Xin (55723721600); Xiong, Tanyu (35276682000)
55883678200; 7402029733; 15744734100; 7404495701; 26428429500; 55723721600; 35276682000
Research on relationship between fault movement and large-scale landslide in intensive earthquake region
(2011) Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 30 (SUPPL. 2), pp. 3503 - 3513, Cited 15 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-82755185821&partnerID=40&md5=297a6b27205c3f4bcf1472154d613a73

AFFILIATIONS: Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China; Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China; School of Geological Engineering and Surveying, Chang'an University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
ABSTRACT: The relationship between active fault zone and large-scale landslides is a major issue on which people always concern. Based on field investigation of active fault zones and large-scale landslides induced by Wenchuan M<inf>s</inf> 8.0 earthquake, the geological setting for large-scale landslides initiation in the Longmenshan active fault zones is documented, and the characteristics of distribution, shape, initiation and segmentation, as well as their influential factors, are summarized. Taking the Xiejiadianzi landslide-debris flow near the central Longmenshan fault zone as an example, simulations of the processes of landslide starting and fast slipping have been carried out by the discrete element method(DEM). It is thought that the disaster result of a rapid and long run-out landslide are dominated by the starting style, debris flying route and dumpling features. This research provides important information for the realization of the relationship between the fault movement and the formation of large-scale landslides, as well as prediction of the disaster result caused by earthquake landslides.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Active fault; Discrete element method(DEM); Earthquake engineering; Earthquake induced landslide; Numerical simulation; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Active fault; Discrete element method(DEM); Earthquake engineering; Fault movement; Field investigation; Geological setting; Influential factors; Large-scale landslides; Longmenshan fault zone; Wenchuan Earthquake; Wenchuan M; Civil engineering; Computer simulation; Debris; Earthquakes; Landslides
REFERENCES: Journal of Engineering Geology, (2002); 
Huang, Runqiu, Research on development and distribution rules of geohazards induced by Wenchuan earthquake on 12th May, 2008, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 27, 12, pp. 2585-2592, (2008); 
Li, Xiao, Coupling effect mechanism of endogenic and exogenic geological processes of geological hazards evolution, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 27, 9, pp. 1792-1806, (2008); 
Lin, Ching-Wee Weei, Impact of Chi-Chi earthquake on the occurrence of landslides and debris flows: Example from the Chenyulan River watershed, Nantou, Taiwan, Engineering Geology, 71, 1-2, pp. 49-61, (2004); 
Martel, Stephen J., Mechanics of landslide initiation as a shear fracture phenomenon, Marine Geology, 203, 3-4, pp. 319-339, (2004); 
Advance in Earth Sciences, (2025); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2008); 
Journal of Geomechanics, (2009); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2010); 
Impacts of Tectonic Faults on Geostress Field and Engineering Application, (2002)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Fu, H.-Y., Liu, J.-H., Zhang, L., Lü, D.-B.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Fu, Hongyuan (35175793500); Liu, Jianhua (55985391200); Zhang, Li (57196127172); Lü, Dongbin (35223660000)
35175793500; 55985391200; 57196127172; 35223660000
Dynamic stability analysis for rock slope based on orthogonal test
(2011) Zhongnan Daxue Xuebao (Ziran Kexue Ban)/Journal of Central South University (Science and Technology), 42 (9), pp. 2853 - 2859, Cited 10 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80355145830&partnerID=40&md5=b50ef79b3611c9ae1ca209806b8af286

AFFILIATIONS: School of Communication and Transportation Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Huagang Communications Planning and Design Research Institute, Changsha, China
ABSTRACT: Based on spot investigation for relation between slope failure and topography-physiognomy in seismic area in "5·12" Wenchuan earthquake, the distribution features of slope failure were linear distribution along river systems in that region. Landslide induced by earthquake mainly existed in slope with slope angle in 20°-50° and origin sliding position mostly generated in middle-upper part of slope. Three-dimensional numerical model for rock slope of Lixian-Xiaojin highway in Sichuan province was established by adopting FLAC3D. Based on permanent displacement as evaluation index, the measured seismic wave of Lixian seismic station in "5·12" Wenchuan earthquake with earthquake magnitude of MS8.0 was adopted to make dynamic stability analysis for the slope. The calculation results show that obvious tension stress zones do not exist and main failure model is "press-shear" of the rock slope during the earthquake. Moreover, orthogonal test method is adopted to make sensitivity analysis for the rock slope dynamic stability. The calculation results of sensitivity are from big to small as follows: slope angle, horizontal earthquake acceleration, vertical earthquake acceleration, friction angle and cohesion.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Dynamic; Earthquake; Orthogonal test; Slope; Stability analysis
INDEX KEYWORDS: Dynamic stability analysis; Earthquake acceleration; Earthquake magnitudes; Evaluation index; Failure model; Friction angles; Horizontal earthquake acceleration; Linear distribution; Orthogonal test; Orthogonal test method; Permanent displacements; River systems; Rock slope; Seismic area; Seismic station; Sichuan province; Slope; Slope angles; Slope failure; Stability analysis; Tension stress; Three-dimensional numerical models; Wenchuan Earthquake; Dynamic analysis; Earthquakes; Rocks; Seismic waves; Sensitivity analysis; Three dimensional; Slope stability
REFERENCES: Zhao, Minghua, Variable-weight combination forecasting model of slope deformation and instability, Yantu Lixue/Rock and Soil Mechanics, 28, SUPPL., pp. 553-557, (2007); 
Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, (2003); 
Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, (2003); 
Shou, Keh Jian, Analyis of the Chiufengershan landslide triggered by the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake in Taiwan, Engineering Geology, 68, 3-4, pp. 237-250, (2003); 
Keefer, David K., LANDSLIDES CAUSED BY EARTHQUAKES., Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 95, 4, pp. 406-421, (1984); 
Huang, Runqiu, Mechanism and geomechanical modes of landslide hazards triggered by Wenchuan 8.0 earthquake, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 28, 6, pp. 1239-1249, (2009); 
Elementary Seismology, (1958); 
Rodríguez, Carlos E., Earthquake-induced landslides: 1980-1997, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 18, 5, pp. 325-346, (1999); 
Rock Mechanics, (1986); 
Gazetas, George C., Seismic response of earth dams: some recent developments, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 6, 1, pp. 2-47, (1987)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Cheng, Q.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Cheng, Qiang (57203812315)
57203812315
Research on development rules of seismic landslide and collapse along highways in highly seismic region of Wenchuan earthquake
(2011) Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 30 (9), pp. 1747 - 1760, Cited 8 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80355142159&partnerID=40&md5=84fecded377079d2cf478db005d68c9e

AFFILIATIONS: Sichuan Provincial Communication Department, Survey and Design Institute, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: The highly seismic region of Wenchuan earthquake locates in the Longmeng mountainous area, due to the landform condition of deep valleys, the earthquake induced a large numbers of landslide and collapse disasters. The disasters caused serious damage to the roads along the river valley. After the earthquake, site investigation on earthquake-induced landslide and collapse had been conducted along the highway with a total length about 6056 km. According to geologic tectonics and seismic intensity, the studied area is divided into different sections. In this paper, the seismic landslide and collapse characteristics of each section is summarized and their relationship with the tectonic position, seismic intensity and lithology, the density and average scale of the geological hazards are calculated. According the density and the scale, the whole area is divided into five subareas, i. e. the strongest-developed area, the stronger-developed area, the strong-developed area, the medium-developed area and the less-developed area. The development rules of the earthquake-induced landslide and collapse are shown as follows: (1) Three deep fault zones controlled the distribution of hazards. The Dujiangyan-Zhuyuanba section of the front fault is the clear boundary of less-developed area of the footwall and medium- and strong-developed areas of the hanging wall;but there is not clear boundary at the NE direction of Zhuyuanba. There are significant differences on the two sides of the central fault from Yingxiu to Donghekou. The two strongest-developed areas are all on the hanging wall and strictly limited by the back fault and lithologic boundary;but the boundaries is not clear at the NE direction of Dongkehou. The Maoxian-Wenchuan fault, which is one of the back fault, is the clear boundary of the strongest-developed area and stronger-developed area. The Qingchuan-Pingwu fault, which is one of the back fault, shows a clear effect of hanging wall at the Qingchuan to Shazhou section. (2) There are significant differences among different lithologies. The hazards with the highest density and average largest scale occur in intrusive rocks and hard sedimentary rocks like limestone and dolomite, while those with the lowest density and smallest scale occur in phyllite. Sandy slate and petroclastic rock are in the middle level. (3) There are significant differences among different landforms. The steeper and greater the relative altitude of salley slope is, more developed the disasters are. The positions of steep slope and hard rock are the high incidence area of seismic landslide and collapse;and the failure position of slopes mainly distribute on the upside of slopes, near the point of gradient change. (4) The statistical results of 399 geological sections show the slope gradients of collapse are larger than 40°. (5) Under dynamic conditions, the slope structures have important controlling effect on the development of geological hazards. Generally, soil slopes, strong-weathered rock slopes and slopes with outward-inclined discontinuities are easier to failure.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Controlling effect of fault; Controlling effect of lithology; Development rule; Earthquake-induced landslide and collapse; Engineering geology; Highly seismic region; Highway; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Controlling effect of fault; Controlling effect of lithology; Development rule; Earthquake-induced landslide and collapse; Highway; Seismic regions; Wenchuan Earthquake; Disasters; Hazards; Landforms; Landslides; Lithology; Professional aspects; Sedimentary rocks; Sedimentology; Tectonics; Earthquakes
REFERENCES: Burchfiel, B. Clark, Tectonics of the Longmen Shan and Adjacent Regions, Central China, International Geology Review, 37, 8, pp. 661-735, (1995); 
Zhou, Rongjun, Surface rupture and hazard characteristics of wenchuan earthquake with magnitude 8.0 in Sichuan Province, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 27, 11, pp. 2173-2183, (2008); 
undefined, (2008); 
Ji, Suiwang, Analysis of typical seismic damages of highways in Wenchuan earthquake-induced hazard areas in Sichuan Province, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 28, 6, pp. 1250-1260, (2009); 
Huang, Runqiu, Research on development and distribution rules of geohazards induced by Wenchuan earthquake on 12th May, 2008, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 27, 12, pp. 2585-2592, (2008); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2009); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2010); 
Wang, Xiuying, Research on relationship between landslides and peak ground accelerations induced by wenchuan earthquake, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 29, 1, pp. 82-89, (2010); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2009); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2010)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Chang, D.S., Zhang, L.M., Xu, Y., Huang, R.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Chang, Dongsheng (36088467500); Zhang, Limin Min (58883008100); Xu, Yao (35369600500); Huang, Runqiu (55835407700)
36088467500; 58883008100; 35369600500; 55835407700
Field testing of erodibility of two landslide dams triggered by the 12 May Wenchuan earthquake
(2011) Landslides, 8 (3), pp. 321 - 332, Cited 169 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s10346-011-0256-x
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80052270053&doi=10.1007%2Fs10346-011-0256-x&partnerID=40&md5=bddb094ca266a2c10a7fab8a1644b8a3

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong; China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: A strong earthquake of magnitude 8 in Richter scale, occurred in Sichuan Province, China on 12 May 2008, triggered about 257 landslide dams. The erodibility of fresh landslide deposits plays an important role in evaluating the initiation and development of breaching of such landslide dams. In this research, field jet index tests were conducted shortly after the earthquake at 27 locations on the Hongshihe landslide dam and the Libaisi landslide dam. The purpose of these tests was to investigate the erodibility of freshly deposited landslide soils. The landslide deposits are broadly graded. The bulk density increases and the coefficient of erodibility decreases with the depth of deposition. The erodibility of the fresh landslide deposits falls into a moderately resistant category and the fresh deposits are much more erodible than the native geomaterials before the earthquake. The main factors that control soil erodibility are found to be grain-size distribution, void ratio, fines content, and plasticity index. Particularly, the coefficient of erodibility decreases exponentially with the degree of compaction. Two empirical equations are developed for estimating the coefficient of erodibility and critical erosive shear stress of the freshly deposited landslide soils based on their basic soil properties. © 2011 Springer-Verlag.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Compaction; Dam breach; Erodibility; Landslide; Landslide dam; Overtopping
INDEX KEYWORDS: Compaction; Dams; Deposits; Earthquakes; Erosion; Geophysics; Grain size and shape; Shear stress; Soil testing; Soils; Dam breach; Degree of compaction; Empirical equations; Erodibility; Grain size distribution; Landslide dam; Overtopping; Wenchuan Earthquake; Landslides; bulk density; compaction; debris flow; deposition; earthquake magnitude; erodibility; grain size; landslide; overtopping; shear stress; Sichuan earthquake 2008; size distribution; soil erosion; soil property; testing method; China
REFERENCES: Aderibigbe, O. O., Erosion of loose beds by submerged circular impinging vertical turbulent jets, Journal of Hydraulic Research/De Recherches Hydrauliques, 34, 1, pp. 19-33, (1996); 
Allen, Peter M., Prediction of stream channel erosion potential, Environmental and Engineering Geoscience, 5, 3, pp. 339-351, (1999); 
Scour Technology Mechanics and Engineering Practice, (2006); 
Ansari, Sarfaraz Ali, Influence of cohesion on scour under submerged circular vertical jets, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 129, 12, pp. 1014-1019, (2003); 
Standard Test Method for Erodibility Determination of Soil in the Field or in the Laboratory by the Jet Index Method, (1999); 
Briaud, Jean Louis, Erosion function apparatus for scour rate predictions, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering - ASCE, 127, 2, pp. 105-113, (2001); 
Briaud, Jean Louis, Levee erosion by overtopping in New Orleans during the Katrina Hurricane, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering - ASCE, 134, 5, pp. 618-632, (2008); 
Chang, Dongsheng, Simulation of the erosion process of landslide dams due to overtopping considering variations in soil erodibility along depth, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 10, 4, pp. 933-946, (2010); 
Chapuis, Robert P., An improved rotating cylinder technique for quantitative measurements of the scour resistance of clays., Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 23, 1, pp. 83-87, (1986); 
Clark, Leslie A., Methods for determining streambank critical shear stress and soil erodibility: Implications for erosion rate predictions, Transactions of the ASABE, 50, 1, pp. 95-106, (2007)
PUBLISHER: Springer Verlag service@springer.de
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zhang, M., Yin, Y., Wu, S.R., Zhang, Y., Han, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhang, Ming (57184521900); Yin, Yueping (55687306100); Wu, Shuren (15744734100); Zhang, Yongshuang (55883678200); Han, Jinliang (55590490000)
57184521900; 55687306100; 15744734100; 55883678200; 55590490000
Dynamics of the Niumiangou Creek rock avalanche triggered by 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China
(2011) Landslides, 8 (3), pp. 363 - 371, Cited 45 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s10346-011-0265-9
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80052267802&doi=10.1007%2Fs10346-011-0265-9&partnerID=40&md5=988f0c3343abcbc6edff04e2223bbc5f

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China; China Geological Survey, Beijing, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: The Niumiangou Creek rock avalanche was triggered by an M<inf>s</inf> 8.0 earthquake that happened on 12 May 2008 in the Sichuan Province, China. The rock avalanche traveled a horizontal distance of 3.0km over a vertical elevation difference of 0.89km, equivalent to a coefficient of friction of only 0.29. The travel path of the rock avalanche can be divided into three segments: (1) failing and disintegrating, (2) flying, (3) flowing. In the failing and disintegrating segment, the rock slope failed because of the coupled action of horizontal and vertical force of the earthquake, then smashed into the opposite mountain and disintegrated. In the flying segment, the disintegrating rock mass changed direction and flew into the Lianhuaxin Creek, which was different from the previous research results that concluded rock debris flowed in Lianhuaxin Creek. A great amount of air trapped and compressed under the rock debris acted as air cushion and supported the rock debris to fly a further distance. In the flowing segment, the rock debris flowed on the ground surface in Niumiangou Creek. The flowing velocity has been estimated from the maximum elevation and runup according to the damaged trimlines of the debris. The saturated fine material in Niumiangou Creek entrained by the failed debris mass is thought to have contributed to the long runout of the debris. The Niumiangou Creek rock avalanche is one of the three longest rock avalanches triggered by Wenchuan earthquake. The conclusions of the paper have implications for hazard assessment of potential rock avalanches in the earthquake area and the other similar mountainous area in west China. © 2011 Springer-Verlag.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris transport; Long runout; Niumiangou Creek rock avalanche; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: A-coefficient; Air cushion; Flowing velocity; Ground surfaces; Hazard Assessment; Long runout; Mountainous area; Niumiangou Creek rock avalanche; Research results; Rock avalanche; Rock mass; Rock slope; Sichuan , China; Sichuan province; Vertical force; Wenchuan Earthquake; West China; Debris; Earthquakes; Rocks; debris flow; earthquake magnitude; elevation; failure analysis; friction; hazard assessment; mountain region; rock avalanche; rock mass classification; Sichuan earthquake 2008; slope failure; velocity profile; China; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Wissenschaftliche Alpenvereinshefte, (1974); 
Abele, Gerhard, Rockslide movement supported by the mobilization of groundwater-saturated valley floor sediments, Zeitschrift fur Geomorphologie, 41, 1, pp. 1-20, (1997); 
Bagnold, Ralph A., DEPOSITION IN THE PROCESS OF HYDRAULIC TRANSPORT, Sedimentology, 10, 1, pp. 45-56, (1968); 
Bagnold, Ralph A., THE NATURE OF SALTATION AND OF 'BED-LOAD' TRANSPORT IN WATER., 332, 1591, (1973); 
Der Bergsturz Von Elm, (1881); 
Cruden, David M., The debris of the Frank Slide and theories of rockslide-avalanche mobility., Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 23, 3, pp. 425-432, (1986); 
Davies, Timothy R.H., A fragmentation-spreading model for long-runout rock avalanches, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 36, 6, pp. 1096-1110, (1999); 
Dynamics of Rockslides and Rockfalls, (2001); 
Evans, Stephen G., The Pandemonium Creek rock avalanche, British Columbia, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 26, 3, pp. 427-446, (1989); 
Evans, Stephen G., Dynamics of the 1984 rock avalanche and associated distal debris flow on Mount Cayley, British Columbia, Canada; Implications for landslide hazard assessment on dissected volcanoes, Engineering Geology, 61, 1, pp. 29-51, (2001)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zhao, H.F., Zhang, L.M.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhao, H. F. (59805100000); Zhang, Limin Min (58883008100)
59805100000; 58883008100
Identification of hazardous loose landslide deposits and scars formed during the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake
(2011) Geotechnical Special Publication, (224 GSP), pp. 460 - 467, Cited 2 times.
DOI: 10.1061/41183(418)43
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80051868622&doi=10.1061%2F41183%28418%2943&partnerID=40&md5=467cf2e8e8c352c53e876f347429ed6a

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
ABSTRACT: The Wenchuan earthquake triggered many landslides along Province Road 303 (PR303) in Sichuan Province. These landslide deposits pose hazards to the safety of the traffic and road facilities under rainfall conditions. Some of the slopes are hard to access as the terrains are steep and high. How to identify the hazards is a challenge to engineers. In this paper, a method for hazards identification is demonstrated for a segment of PR303 between milestones K34+00 m and K34+200 m. This method consists of three steps. First, identify all possible hazard sources based on field surveys and aerial photographs. Second, analyze past failure events to single out the most likely sources of hazards. Finally, apply numerical reliability analysis to ascertain the sources of hazards. Results of the case study show that the proposed method is effective for hazards identification in inaccessible terrains. © 2011 ASCE.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: China; Earthquakes; Geohazards; Landslides
INDEX KEYWORDS: Aerial Photographs; China; Failure events; Field surveys; Geohazards; Landslide deposits; Rainfall condition; Sichuan province; Wenchuan Earthquake; Deposits; Earthquakes; Highway administration; Landslides; Offshore pipelines; Photography; Reliability analysis; Risk assessment; Roads and streets; Hazards
REFERENCES: Fredlund, Delwyin G., SHEAR STRENGTH OF UNSATURATED SOILS., Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 15, 3, pp. 313-321, (1978); 
Seep W for Finite Element Seepage Analysis User S Guide, (2001); 
Slope W for Slope Stability Analysis User S Guide, (2001); 
Geological Investigation for Reconstruction of Pr303 Between Yingxiu and Wolong, (2009); 
Tobutt, D. C., Monte Carlo Simulation methods for slope stability, Computers and Geosciences, 8, 2, pp. 199-208, (1982)
SPONSORS: Geo-Institute of ASCE
CONFERENCE NAME: GeoRisk 2011: Geotechnical Risk Assessment and Management
CONFERENCE DATE: 2011-06-26 through 2011-06-28
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Yu, H., Luo, Y., Zheng, Z.-J., Sun, Y.-L., Ma, Y.-W.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Yu, Hui (55515499400); Luo, Yong (57208197554); Zheng, Zhijun (46961578200); Sun, Yulian (38863137300); Ma, Yuewei (59044023500)
55515499400; 57208197554; 46961578200; 38863137300; 59044023500
Research on the distribution characteristics of secondary geological disasters induced by 5.12 earthquake in Wenchuan county based on RS and GIS
(2011) Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, 8009, art. no. 80091C, Cited 3 times.
DOI: 10.1117/12.896302
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79960888421&doi=10.1117%2F12.896302&partnerID=40&md5=ac042e479d60fb0e3e8a5c411cf0f3bc

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; The Geological Environment Monitoring Station, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: Field observation, remote sensing combined with GIS technique were adopted to analysis the spatial distribution characteristics of secondary geological disasters induced by Wenchuan earthquake. The study results show that: (1) The earthquake-damaged slash mostly distributed in the two sides of main fault zones, earthquake-affected areas and disaster density decreased with the increase of distance from the main fault. (2) The earthquake-damaged slash mostly distributed in seismic intensity of IX and above. The region with greater seismic intensity had larger disaster density. Collapse and landslide distributed in high seismic intensity zone. (3) Hard rocks were easily caused secondary geological disasters by seismic waves. (4) The earthquake damaged slash mostly distributed within 0.5 km away from the river and decreased with the increase of distance from river. Collapse and landslide often appear at valley and the steep slope which more than 40 degree. The biggest hazard density appeared at altitude between 2000 m and 2500 m. © 2011 Copyright Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE).
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Disaster Density; Distribution Characteristics; Earthquake-damaged Slash; GIS; RS; Secondary Geological Disasters; Wenchuan Earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Distribution characteristics; Earthquake-damaged Slash; Geological disaster; RS; Wenchuan Earthquake; Disasters; Image processing; Imaging systems; Landslides; Remote sensing; Seismic waves; Earthquakes
REFERENCES: Earth Science Frontiers, (2008); 
He, Honglin, Rupture of the MS8.0 Wenchuan earthquake along Baishahe River, Dizhen Dizhi, 30, 3, pp. 658-673, (2008); 
Tian, Shujun, Research on responsive mechanism between earthquake-induced mountain hazards and environmental background in typical region of Wenchuan Earthquake: A case study of Mianzhu County, Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 41, 3, pp. 209-215, (2009); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2008); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2008); 
Seismology and Geology, (2008); 
Hosokawa, Masafiimi, Earthquake damage detection using remote sensing data, International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), pp. 2989-2991, (2007); 
Journal of Catastrophology, (2003); 
Acta Ecologica Sinica, (2001); 
Turker, Mustafa, Automatic detection of earthquake-damaged buildings using DEMs created from pre- and post-earthquake stereo aerial photographs, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 26, 4, pp. 823-832, (2005)
SPONSORS: Int. Assoc. Comput. Sci. Inf. Technol. (IACSIT), Singapore Institute of Electronics
CONFERENCE NAME: 3rd International Conference on Digital Image Processing, ICDIP 2011
CONFERENCE DATE: 2011-04-15 through 2011-04-17
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Xu, C., Dai, F., Xiao, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Xu, Chong (35184309900); Dai, Fuchu (7102055666); Xiao, Jianzhang (7402564381)
35184309900; 7102055666; 7402564381
Statistical analysis of characteristic parameters of landslides triggered by May 12, 2008 Wenchuan earthquake
(2011) Journal of Natural Disasters, 20 (4), pp. 147 - 153, Cited 19 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84455175865&partnerID=40&md5=060e5955b5d146bede3043cefbc78551

AFFILIATIONS: Chinese Earthquake Adinistration, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China; Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: On May 12, 2008, a catastrophic earthquake with moment magnitude of 8.0 struck the Sichuan Province of China. As of October 8, 2008, this earthquake claimed 69229 lives and injured 374643 people, with further 17923 listed as missing. By ues of aerial photographs and multi -source remote sensing imageries and field investigations, slope failures and catastrophic landslides induced by ground motion were extensively mapped. The Wenchuan earthquake triggered more than 48000 landslides over a broad area of about 48 700 km 2 in a pattern that is roughly located in the northeast direction of the epicentre, or roughly concentric about the macro -epicentre. The purpose of this paper is to make a statistical analysis of the characteristic parameters of Wenchuan earthquake - triggered landslides using two indices based on geographic information system (GIS) ; the landslide area (LA) and the landslide population (LP). We analyzed seven characteristic parameters of seismic landslides such as the formation lithology, slope angle, slip direction, elevation, seismic intonsity, hanging wall or footwall, and distances to earthquake causative fault. This study supports the view that (1) the lithology of sandstone, siltstone, phyllite, and limestone;(2) slope angle between 30° to 50°, especially between 35° to 45°; (3) perpendicular to earthquake causative fault, that is SEE direction; (4) elevation between 800m to 2000m, especially between 1000m to 1600m; (5) seismic intensity zones between VIII and XI; (6) hanging wall of earthquake causative fault; (7) distances to earthquake causative fault of 40km, especially 10km are high - incidence zones of Wenchuan earthquake - triggered landsliding.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Characteristic parameters; Geographic information systems (GIS); Landslide; Statistical analysis; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: aerial photograph; earthquake magnitude; earthquake trigger; fault; GIS; ground motion; landslide; remote sensing; Sichuan earthquake 2008; slope failure; statistical analysis; China; Sichuan
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Liu, H.X., Xu, Q., Xu, H.-B., Zou, W.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Liu, Hangxiang (54389411400); Xu, Qiang (56506033600); Xu, Hongbiao (57207839352); Zou, Wei (57206781122)
54389411400; 56506033600; 57207839352; 57206781122
Shaking table model test on slope dynamic deformation and failure
(2011) Yantu Lixue/Rock and Soil Mechanics, 32 (SUPPL.2), pp. 334 - 339, Cited 27 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-81055144239&partnerID=40&md5=c6fc434da63284c15c58f98d7e3472d7

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: Based on prototype slopes in disaster areas of '5·12' Wenchuan Earthquake, two types of horizontally layered model slopes including hardness-upward or softness-upward, are designed to do the large-scale shaking table test with the geometric scale of 1:100. Following the law of similitude, the seismic responses of model slopes could be investigated with different input wave kinds, frequencies, excitation directions and amplitudes. The macro phenomena indicate that; the deformation and failure processes were dependent on seismic parameters and lithological combinations, they demonstrated cumulative effect and were controlled by rock layers. The softness-upward model slope occurred a landslide with high potential along the upmost contact surface, and displayed the tension and shear failure mode. By contrast, the hardness-upward model slope occurred a collapse along the deeper contact surface without obvious control cracks beforehand, and its time of failure was behind the softness-upward model slope's.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Deformation and failure characteristics; Failure mechanism; Lithological combinations; Shaking table test; Slope
INDEX KEYWORDS: Failure characteristics; Failure mechanism; Lithological combinations; Shaking table tests; Slope; Earthquakes; Hardness; Lithology; Deformation
REFERENCES: Journal of Engineering Geology, (2008); 
Huang, Runqiu, Mechanism and geomechanical modes of landslide hazards triggered by Wenchuan 8.0 earthquake, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 28, 6, pp. 1239-1249, (2009); 
Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, (2009); 
Huang, Runqiu, Research on development and distribution rules of geohazards induced by Wenchuan earthquake on 12th May, 2008, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 27, 12, pp. 2585-2592, (2008); 
Zhou, Rongjun, Strong motion records of Wenchuan Ms8.0 earthquake from digital strong earthquake networks in Sichuan and its neighbouring regions, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 29, 9, pp. 1850-1858, (2010); 
Umeda, Yasuhiro, High accelerations produced by the Western Nagano Prefecture, Japan, earthquake of 1984, Tectonophysics, 141, 4, pp. 335-343, (1987); 
Aki, Keiiti, Local site effects on weak and strong ground motion, Tectonophysics, 218, 1-3, pp. 93-111, (1993); 
Nguyen, Khoa Van, Evaluation of seismic ground motion induced by topographic irregularity, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 27, 2, pp. 183-188, (2007); 
undefined, (1987); 
Lin, Meei Ling, Seismic slope behavior in a large-scale shaking table model test, Engineering Geology, 86, 2-3, pp. 118-133, (2006)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Tian, S., Kong, J., Li, X.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Tian, Shujun (36609420200); Kong, Jiming (55793897000); Li, Xiuzhen (56237865700)
36609420200; 55793897000; 56237865700
Forecast method of multimode system for debris flow risk assessment in Qingping Town, Sichuan Province, China
(2011) Journal of Mountain Science, 8 (4), pp. 592 - 602, Cited 6 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11629-011-2130-7
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79960573150&doi=10.1007%2Fs11629-011-2130-7&partnerID=40&md5=8d238ac128a7a7f7e8ab269ab50b668d

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: The Wenchuan Earthquake of May 12, 2008 triggered large numbers of geo-hazards. The heavy rain on 13 August 2010 triggered debris flows with total volume of more than 6 million cubic meters and the debris flows destroyed 500 houses and infrastructure built after the Wenchuan Earthquake. The study area Qingping Town was located in the northwestern part of the Sichuan Basin of China, which needs the second reconstructions and the critical evaluation of debris flow. This study takes basin as the study unit and defines collapse, landslide and debris flow hazard as a geo-hazard system. A multimode system composed of principal series system and secondary parallel system were established to evaluate the hazard grade of debris flow in 138 drainage basins of Qingping Town. The evaluation result shows that 30.43% of study basins (42 basins) and 24.58% of study area, are in extremely high or high hazard grades, and both percentage of basin quantity and percentage of area in different hazard grades decrease with the increase of hazard grade. According to the geo-hazard data from the interpretation of unmanned plane image with a 0.5-m resolution and field investigation after the Wenchuan Earthquake and 8.13 Big Debris Flow, the ratio of landslides and collapses increased after the Wenchuan Earthquake and the ratios of extremely high or high hazard grades were more than moderate or low hazard grades obviously. 23 geo-hazards after 8.13 Big Debris Flow in Qingping town region all occurred in basins with extremely high or high hazard grades, and 9 debris flows were in basins with extremely high hazard grade. The model of multimode system for critical evaluation could forecast not only the collapse and landslide but also the debris flow precisely when the basin was taken as the study unit. © 2011 Science Press, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, CAS and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flow; Landslide; Multimode System; Qingping Town; Risk assessment; Wenchuan Earthquake
REFERENCES: Aldemir, Tunc, Methodologies for the probabilistic risk assessment of digital reactor protection and control systems, Nuclear Technology, 159, 2, pp. 167-191, (2007); 
Proc 2nd Int Conf on Environmental Management Icem2, (1998); 
Anbalagan, Rathinam, Landslide hazard and risk assessment mapping of mountainous terrains - A case study from Kumaun Himalaya, India, Engineering Geology, 43, 4, pp. 237-246, (1996); 
Baeza, Cristina, Assessment of shallow landslide susceptibility by means of multivariate statistical techniques, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 26, 12, pp. 1251-1263, (2001); 
Landslide Hazards Related to Land Use Planning in Teton National Forest Northwest Wyoming, (1971); 
Proc 7th Int Symposium on Landslides, (1996); 
Bathurst, James C., DEBRIS FLOW RUN-OUT AND LANDSLIDE SEDIMENT DELIVERY MODEL TESTS, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 123, 5, pp. 410-419, (1997); 
Proceedings of 4th International Symposium on Landslides, (1984); 
Bughi, Sabrina, Slow movements of slopes interfering with pipelines: modelling and monitoring, Proceedings of the International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering - OMAE, 5, pp. 363-372, (1996); 
Slope Stability in Road Construction, (1976)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Parker, R.N., Densmore, A.L., Rosser, N.J., de Michele, M., Li, Y., Huang, R., Whadcoat, S., Petley, D.N.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Parker, Robert N. (44361526100); Densmore, Alexander Logan (7004510678); Rosser, Nick J. (9533616200); de Michele, Marcello D. (23011351000); Li, Yong (57246524500); Huang, Runqiu (55835407700); Whadcoat, Siobhan (42263216800); Petley, David N. (7003837256)
44361526100; 7004510678; 9533616200; 23011351000; 57246524500; 55835407700; 42263216800; 7003837256
Mass wasting triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake is greater than orogenic growth
(2011) Nature Geoscience, 4 (7), pp. 449 - 452, Cited 491 times.
DOI: 10.1038/ngeo1154
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79959989719&doi=10.1038%2Fngeo1154&partnerID=40&md5=60279e34c3a2aad9bc5870eac099d287

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Geography, Durham University, Durham, County Durham, United Kingdom; Natural Risks Division, Bureau de Recherches Geol et Minieres, Orleans, France; State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: Shallow earthquakes are the primary driver of rock uplift in mountain ranges. However, large shallow earthquakes also trigger widespread, coseismic landslides that cause significant but spatially heterogeneous erosion. The interplay between rock uplift and the distribution and magnitudes of coseismic landslides thus raises a fundamental question as to whether large earthquakes and their associated landslides create or destroy mountainous topography. The 2008 M<inf>w</inf> 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan, China triggered more than 56,000 landslides5, with a spatial distribution that was only partly related to the pattern of tectonic deformation6. Here we examine the potential changes in orogen volume using landslide area-volume scaling relationships4,7 applied to high-resolution satellite imagery. We estimate that coseismic landsliding produced ∼5-15km3 of erodible material, greater than the net volume of 2.6±1.2km3 added to the orogen by coseismic rock uplift8. This discrepancy indicates that, even if only a fraction of the landslide debris is removed from the orogen over the likely ∼2000-4000 yr earthquake return period, the Wenchuan earthquake will lead to a net material deficit in the Longmen Shan. Our result challenges the widely held notion that large dip-slip or oblique-slip earthquakes build mountainous topography, and invites more careful consideration of the relationships between coseismic slip, mass wasting and relief generation. © 2011 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved.
INDEX KEYWORDS: coseismic process; earthquake trigger; image resolution; mass wasting; mountain region; oblique fault; orogeny; satellite imagery; Sichuan earthquake 2008; slip; spatial distribution; tectonic evolution; uplift; volume; China; Longmen Mountains; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Dynamic Processes in Extensional and Compressional Settings Treatise on Geophysics, (2008); 
Keefer, David K., The importance of earthquake-induced landslides to long-term slope erosion and slope-failure hazards in seismically active regions, Geomorphology, 10, 1-4, pp. 265-284, (1994); 
Malamud, Bruce D., Landslides, earthquakes, and erosion, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 229, 1-2, pp. 45-59, (2004); 
Larsen, Isaac J., Landslide erosion controlled by hillslope material, Nature Geoscience, 3, 4, pp. 247-251, (2010); 
Dai, Fuchu, Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 883-895, (2011); 
Shen, Zheng-Kang, Slip maxima at fault junctions and rupturing of barriers during the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Nature Geoscience, 2, 10, pp. 718-724, (2009); 
Guzzetti, Fausto, Landslide volumes and landslide mobilization rates in Umbria, central Italy, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 279, 3-4, pp. 222-229, (2009); 
de Michele, Marcello D., Three-dimensional surface displacement of the 2008 May 12 Sichuan earthquake (China) derived from Synthetic Aperture Radar: Evidence for rupture on a blind thrust, Geophysical Journal International, 183, 3, pp. 1097-1103, (2010); 
Hovius, Niels, Sediment flux from a mountain belt derived by landslide mapping, Geology, 25, 3, pp. 231-234, (1997); 
Densmore, Alexander Logan, Landsliding and the evolution of normal-fault-bounded mountains, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 103, 7, pp. 15203-15219, (1998)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Cao, S., Liu, X., Huang, E., Yang, F.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Cao, Shuyou (7202703803); Liu, Xingnian (35222022100); Huang, Er (8572611800); Yang, Fengguang (24436302200)
7202703803; 35222022100; 8572611800; 24436302200
Research progress on historical model of flood induced by dammed lakes in Sichuan
(2011), art. no. 5775389, pp. 4423 - 4427, Cited 1 times.
DOI: 10.1109/ICETCE.2011.5775389
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79959681881&doi=10.1109%2FICETCE.2011.5775389&partnerID=40&md5=756bc0a17f981dcf33cc157514c0b2ff

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: On May 12, 2008, an earthquake of magnitude 8.0 as measured by the China Earthquake Administration occurred at Wenchuan, Sichuan Province in southwest China. As a result of the earthquake, geohazards approaching of about 20 thousands were triggered with the types of rock fall, rock avalanches, landside, debris flow and earthquake-lakes. After the Wenchuan earthquake occurred in 2008,rivers in the earthquake district have been damaged seriously. Another thing is that there are at least 22 recorded earthquakes from 181 B.C to present in Sichuan province. By deploying Zhou's historical model method, this note analyses the mechanism of dammed lakes induced by 22 earthquake. Comparison between previous 22 earthquakes and Wenchuan earthquake shows that generally, the river bed in Sichuan was eroded by the dammed lake induced flood. The results also show that the stability principle of rivers in the earthquake district should be considered in the stream corridor restoration process. © 2011 IEEE.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: dammed lake; historical model; Sichuan rivers; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: dammed lake; Debris flows; Geohazards; Historical models; Research progress; Restoration process; River bed; Rock avalanche; Rockfalls; Sichuan; Sichuan province; Southwest China; Stream corridors; Wenchuan Earthquake; Civil engineering; Debris; Earthquakes; Lakes; Rivers; Rock bursts; Floods
REFERENCES: Geological Review, (1938); 
Pansong Earthquake, (1976); 
A Collection of Earthquake Papers, (1980); 
Diexi Earthquake, (1933); 
Sichuan Earthquake Administration Index of Sichuan Earthquake, (1988); 
Yanning Ninglang Earthquake, (1988); 
Journal of Natural Disasters, (1992); 
Sichuan Earthquake Administration Sichuan Xiaojin Earthquake of in 1989, (1993); 
Journal of Geological Hazards and Environment Preservation, (1995); 
Earthquake Research in Sichuan, (1995)
SPONSORS: IEEE Beijing Section ED Chapter
CONFERENCE NAME: 2011 International Conference on Electric Technology and Civil Engineering, ICETCE 2011
CONFERENCE DATE: 2011-04-22 through 2011-04-24
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Chen, F., Deng, J.-H., Wei, J., Tai, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Chen, Fei (56172928200); Deng, Jianhui (7402612983); Wei, Jinbing (7403085330); Tai, Jiajia (26656179700)
56172928200; 7402612983; 7403085330; 26656179700
Behaviour of slope protecting and retaining structures during Wenchuan earthquake on May 12 2008
(2011) Advanced Materials Research, 243-249, pp. 5136 - 5143, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.243-249.5136
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79958030431&doi=10.4028%2Fwww.scientific.net%2FAMR.243-249.5136&partnerID=40&md5=89411f7e112410e484bf7b18890b4527

AFFILIATIONS: School of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: At 14:28, May 12th 2008, a strong earthquake measured Ms8.0 hits Longmenshan mountain area, west Sichuan province, China. The quake is induced by the thrust of Longmenshan central fault, results in around 50000 rock avalanches and landslides, destroys numerous villages and towns, and causes nearly 90000 fatalities or missing. Based on field reconnaissance, the geology and fault patterns in Longmenshan mountain area are firstly introduced, then the damage or failure phenomena of slope protecting and retaining structures in quake-hit area is described and discussed, including slide-resistant piles, gravity retaining walls, shotcrete, anchored concrete frame, cable bolts and protecting nets. Special discussion is given to the behaviour of cable bolts based on measured data. And finally design issues is discussed in quake-prone areas. © (2011) Trans Tech Publications.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Behaviour; Design; Protecting and retaining structures; Slope; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Behaviour; Cable bolts; Concrete frame; Design issues; Fault patterns; Gravity retaining walls; Measured data; Retaining structure; Rock avalanche; Shotcretes; Slope; Wenchuan Earthquake; West Sichuan; Building materials; Cables; Civil engineering; Construction equipment; Landforms; Rock bolting; Slope protection; Earthquakes
REFERENCES: Science Technology Review, (2009); 
Earthquake Research in China, (1991); 
Active Faults and Earthquakes in Sichuan Province, (1993); 
Chen, Guoguang, Primary research of activity segmentation of Longmenshan fault zone since late-quaternary, Dizhen Dizhi, 29, 3, pp. 657-673, (2007); 
Analysis and Investigation on Seismic Damages of Projects Subjected to Wenchuan Earthquake, (2009); 
Xie, Heping, Wenchuan large earthquake and post-earthquake reconstruction-related geotechnical problems, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 27, 9, pp. 1781-1791, (2008)
SPONSORS: Hainan University, College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Guizhou University, College of Civil and Architecture Engineering, Hainan Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics
CONFERENCE NAME: 1st International Conference on Civil Engineering, Architecture and Building Materials, CEABM 2011
CONFERENCE DATE: 2011-06-18 through 2011-06-20
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Jian, W., Li, R.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Jian, Wenbin (35915751200); Li, Run (36240567900)
35915751200; 36240567900
Geological disasters induced by wenchuan earthquake and site selection for post-earthquake reconstruction
(2011) Advanced Materials Research, 250-253, pp. 1256 - 1261, Cited 1 times.
DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.250-253.1256
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79957985748&doi=10.4028%2Fwww.scientific.net%2FAMR.250-253.1256&partnerID=40&md5=e4c7cc910cf700584ae5f94eb531b447

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Department of Resources and Urban-Rural Development, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
ABSTRACT: Based on the field investigation for secondary geological hazards induced by 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake, the types of geological disasters during or after earthquake are analyzed in this paper. The main secondary geological hazards are rock fall and collapse, landslide, debris flow, dammed lake, sand liquefaction and so on. The development and distribution rules of secondary geo-hazards, with a long-term sustainability and a formation of hazard chains, are of relation with earthquake fault zone, and consistent with seismic intensity. The buildings located in secondary geo-hazards areas with a high risk are damaged severely, thus the site selection for post-earthquake reconstruction and related geotechnical engineering issue are discussed, which are useful in reconstruction of Wenchuan earthquake area. © (2011) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Engineering construction; Secondary geo-hazards; Site selection; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Debris flows; Distribution rule; Earthquake fault; Field investigation; Geological disaster; Geological hazards; Long-term sustainability; Rockfalls; Sand liquefaction; Secondary geo-hazards; Seismic intensity; Wenchuan Earthquake; Building materials; Civil engineering; Construction equipment; Debris; Disasters; Earthquakes; Geotechnical engineering; Maintenance; Rock bursts; Site selection
REFERENCES: Journal of Engineering Geology, (2008); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2025); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2008); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2008); 
Huang, Runqiu, Research on development and distribution rules of geohazards induced by Wenchuan earthquake on 12th May, 2008, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 27, 12, pp. 2585-2592, (2008); 
J Mt Sci, (2008); 
Gb50011 2001 Code for Seismic Design of Buildings, (2001)
SPONSORS: Hainan University, College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Guizhou University, College of Civil and Architecture Engineering, Hainan Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics
CONFERENCE NAME: 1st International Conference on Civil Engineering, Architecture and Building Materials, CEABM 2011
CONFERENCE DATE: 2011-06-18 through 2011-06-20
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Yang, C.-L., Chen, N.-S., Li, Z.L.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Yang, Chenglin (55646442300); Chen, Ningsheng (8726157200); Li, Zhanlu (8726157100)
55646442300; 8726157200; 8726157100
Formation mode and mechanism for debris flow induced by Wenchuan earthquake
(2011) Journal of Natural Disasters, 20 (3), pp. 31 - 37, Cited 13 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80054029756&partnerID=40&md5=ba20e718bfdc811e340d8bb0c5e566ac

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: This paper is based on combination study of the "5. 12" Wenchuan earthquake-induced typical debris flow events. In the paper the debris flow landscape and landform, the precipitation and the earth condition were studied firstly. After that the Wenchuan earthquake debris flow-triggering models were revealed. These models include (1) valley triggering; (2) slope collapse and landslide triggering; (3) loose soil eroded by stream and rains; (4) landslide surface liquefied; (5) gully eroded. And the debris flow-triggering mechanism was explained at last. The debris flows of quake - stricken area distribute in the arid valley which abounds in weathered crust granite, clastic rock and metamorphic rock, and the precipitation nodes'.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flow; Hazard prevention; Mountain hazard; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: debris flow; erosion; gully erosion; hazard assessment; hazard management; landslide; mountain region; Sichuan earthquake 2008; slope dynamics; trigger mechanism
REFERENCES: Science in China Series E Technological Sciences, (2003); 
Wang, Fawu, Mechanism of a long-runout landslide triggered by the August 1998 heavy rainfall in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan, Engineering Geology, 63, 1-2, pp. 169-185, (2002); 
Proc 4th Int Symp Landslides, (1984); 
U S Geological Survey Bulletin, (1994); 
Ellen, Stephen D., Mobilization of debris flows from soil slips, San Francisco Bay region, California, pp. 31-40, (1987); 
Tropical 85, (1985); 
Mshana, Naftali S., Effects of weathering on stability of natural slopes in north-central Kumamoto, Soils and Foundations, 33, 4, pp. 74-87, (1993); 
Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Landslides, (1984); 
Geotech J, (1989); 
Geo Soc Am, (1988)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wang, X., Nie, G., Ma, M.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wang, Xiuying (55736957400); Nie, Gaozhong (8728895400); Ma, Mujun (43061262100)
55736957400; 8728895400; 43061262100
Evaluation model of landslide hazards induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake using strong motion data
(2011) Earthquake Science, 24 (3), pp. 311 - 319, Cited 7 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11589-011-0793-3
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79960358182&doi=10.1007%2Fs11589-011-0793-3&partnerID=40&md5=3b40b42325c70458a7e533d840fc3844

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Crustal Dynamics, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing, China; Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China; National Earthquake Response Support Service, Beijing, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Landslides induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in the Longmenshan area were relatively well instrumented, which makes it possible to investigate the landslides using ground motion records. Firstly, this paper analyzes the data from Wenchuan earthquake on both regional and local site scale. The analyses show that the Newmark accumulative displacement calculated from the ground motion recorded in a particular geological hazard zone corresponds to the hazard intensity in that zone; the larger the displacement, the more serious the geologic hazard. The calculated result also shows that the displacement is related to the Arias intensity, which represents the total energy released during the earthquake at the observation site. Secondly, this paper constructs an evaluation model of Newmark displacement calculated with Arias intensities to estimate the subsequent slope failure resulting from the earthquake. The calculated results based on the model fit well with the distribution of actual landslides, suggesting that this method is useful for hazard evaluation. Therefore, this type of model can be used for estimating regional-scale distribution of earthquake-induced landslides and their associated hazards immediately after an earthquake. © 2011 The Seismological Society of China and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Arias intensity; earthquake intensity; earthquake-induced landslide; evaluation model; Wenchuan earthquake
REFERENCES: Arias A, MEASURE OF EARTHQUAKE INTENSITY, pp. 438-483, (1969); 
Isoseismal Map of Wenchuan M 8 0 Earthquake, (2008); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2000); 
Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control, (2007); 
Harp, Edwin L., Shaking intensity thresholds for rock falls and slides: evidence from 1987 Whittier Narrows and Superstition Hills earthquake strong- motion records, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 85, 6, pp. 1739-1757, (1995); 
Earthquake Engineering, (2006); 
Huang, Runqiu, Research on development and distribution rules of geohazards induced by Wenchuan earthquake on 12th May, 2008, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 27, 12, pp. 2585-2592, (2008); 
Jibson, Randall W., Regression models for estimating coseismic landslide displacement, Engineering Geology, 91, 2-4, pp. 209-218, (2007); 
Jibson, Randall W., A method for producing digital probabilistic seismic landslide hazard maps, Engineering Geology, 58, 3-4, pp. 271-289, (2000); 
Keefer, David K., Investigating landslides caused by earthquakes - A historical review, Surveys in Geophysics, 23, 6, pp. 473-510, (2002)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; BRONZE OPEN ACCESS

Wu, A., Yang, Q., Ma, G., Lu, B., Li, X.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wu, Aiqing (22735305600); Yang, Qigui (59602918300); Ma, Guisheng (36617531300); Lu, Bo (59835840100); Li, Xiaojun (55818809900)
22735305600; 59602918300; 36617531300; 59835840100; 55818809900
Study on the formation mechanism of Tangjiashan landslide triggered by Wenchuan earthquake using DDA simulation
(2011) International Journal of Computational Methods, 8 (2), pp. 229 - 245, Cited 11 times.
DOI: 10.1142/S0219876211002563
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79960115736&doi=10.1142%2FS0219876211002563&partnerID=40&md5=3cb1c69e40b8990b2dfdb5704b9627b3

AFFILIATIONS: Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan, China; Changjiang Institute of Survey, Planning, Design and Research, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Institute of Engineering Mechanics, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Wenchuan earthquake, Ms 8.0 in magnitude and occurred on May 12, 2008 in Sichuan Province, China, triggered a lot of landslides, rock collapses, debris flow, etc. The Tangjiashan landslide, with its total volume 20.37 million m 3, was the biggest and the most notable one for its effects. Based on the field geological investigation and the typical acceleration records of the main shock obtained in the period of the earthquake, numerical simulation of the whole sliding process of Tangjiashan landslide has been carried out by DDA method. It is shown that the Tangjiashan landslide was a high-speed landslide, behaved with nonlinear features in the whole sliding process. The total duration of the landslide was about 30 s while nearly all of their slipping displacements were carried out in the beginning 25 s, with the maximum sliding velocity about 30 m/s, and the average 1517 m/s in the beginning 25 s. The crash of rock blocks induced a much higher stresses near the middle and lower parts of the landslide, with the maximum value of 67 MPa. The dynamic earthquake load caused an incessant deformation of the landslide, resulting in the reduction of mechanical parameters, especially the shear strength on the sliding surface and the ratio of friction coefficient on sliding surface in kinematical and static conditions are no more than 0.35. DDA simulation considering the displacement-based parameter reduction has been developed in the original DDA code, and its results primarily reflect the evolvement process of a landslide under strong seismic loads. © 2011 World Scientific Publishing Company.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake; dammed lake; DDA; evolvement process of landslide; formation mechanism; high-speed landslide; Tanjiashan landslide
INDEX KEYWORDS: dammed lake; Evolvement process; Formation mechanism; High-speed landslides; Tanjiashan landslide; Wenchuan Earthquake; Computer simulation; Debris; Earthquakes; Friction; Numerical methods; Shear strength; Landslides
REFERENCES: Yangtze River, (2008); 
Hatzor, Yossef H., The validity of dynamic block displacement prediction using DDA, International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 38, 4, pp. 599-606, (2001); 
Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Analysis of Discontinuous Deformation, (2002); 
Orthogonal Design and Uniform Design, (2001); 
Proceedings of 7th International Conference on the Analysis of Discontinuous Deformation Icadd 7, (2005); 
MacLaughlin, Mary M., Investigation of slope-stability kinematics using discontinuous deformation analysis, International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 38, 5, pp. 753-762, (2001); 
Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Analysis of Discontinuous Deformation, (2003); 
Proceedings of 8th International Forum on Discontinuous Deformation Analysis Dda and Simulations of Discontinuous Media, (2007); 
Yangtze River, (2008); 
Discontinuous Deformation Analysis A New Numerical Model for the Statics and Dynamics of Block Systems, (1988)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Sun, Y., Wang, S.-Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Sun, Yan (57198395662); Wang, Shaoyu (35338590500)
57198395662; 35338590500
Risk evaluation of landslide lake based on the natural and social property
(2011) Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 43 (SUPPL. 1), pp. 24 - 28, Cited 4 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79959883253&partnerID=40&md5=116f5efb42cb6003ea3874ab88ed8392

AFFILIATIONS: School of Management, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China; School of Architecture, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
ABSTRACT: To perfect the emergency disposal and post-disaster rehabilitation and reconstruction of the landslide lake, based on the natural and social property, seven indexes were chosen to constitute the risk evaluation system of landslide lake, which included landslide lake scale, composition makeup of landslide dam, landslide dam height, rainwater-collecting area, population density, economy density and psychology panic degrees. Then the risk evaluation of nine landslide lakes reduced by Wenchuan Earthquake was made based on generalized entropy method. The result showed that the social property indexes have an obvious effect on landslide lake risk, so the social property risk factor should be paid more attention in the emergency disposal and the post-disaster rehabilitation and reconstruction.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Landslide lake; Natural property; Risk evaluation; Social property
INDEX KEYWORDS: Generalized entropies; Landslide dam; Natural properties; Population densities; Risk evaluation; Risk factors; Social properties; Wenchuan Earthquake; Dams; Lakes; Population statistics; Landslides
REFERENCES: China Water Resources Magazine, (2008); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2009); 
Cui, Peng, Distribution and risk analysis of dammed lakes reduced by Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 41, 3, pp. 35-42, (2009); 
China Water Resour, (2008); 
Wenchuan Earthquake Engineering Earthquake Investigation Analysis and Research, (2009); 
China Rural Water and Hydropower, (2010); 
Journal of Hubei Administration Institute, (2010); 
undefined, (2009); 
Science Technology Progress and Policy, (2009)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Cao, Y., Dai, F., Xu, C., Tu, X., Min, H., Cui, F.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Cao, Yanbo (59863977700); Dai, Fuchu (7102055666); Xu, Chong (35184309900); Tu, Xinbin (7102136710); Min, Hong (59454564300); Cui, Fangpeng (24279638600)
59863977700; 7102055666; 35184309900; 7102136710; 59454564300; 24279638600
Discrete element simulation of deformation and movement mechanism for Tangjiashan landslide
(2011) Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 30 (SUPPL. 1), pp. 2878 - 2887, Cited 31 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80051564978&partnerID=40&md5=9fb19a7db0f45d3497adb51ea005d6ac

AFFILIATIONS: Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; China University of Mining & Technology, Beijing, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Earthquake is considered as one of the main factors of the generation of a landslide which always causes severe disasters. Taking Tangjiashan landslide, a typical bedding rockslide triggered by the M<inf>s</inf> 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, as the study site, and discrete element numerical simulation is carried out to simulate the initial and subsequent movement of the rockslide. It is found that under seismic loading, stress concentration occurred first at the top of the slope and then expanded from the top towards the toe along the sliding plane, sheared out from the toe in the end and resulting in failure of the slope. The simulation of the subsequent movement of the slope shows that the movement mode of Tangjiashan landslide is starting-up→high-speed sliding→colliding down→self-stabilizing. It also shows that some blocks of the surface exhibit horizontal throwing and vertical jumping under seismic loading. Topographic amplification effects are also observed from both acceleration and velocity of the monitoring points of the slope, indicating that the amplification factor of horizontal acceleration exceeds that of vertical acceleration, and the amplification factor of horizontal velocity exceeds that of vertical velocity. By contrasting the amplification effect of structural plane and the underlying bedrock, it is found that there was a high acceleration when the landslide was at the stage of starting-up, and it also shows that the existence of persistent structural plane plays a controlling role in the dynamic response of the rock slope.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Deformation and movement mechanism; Discrete element numerical simulation; Slope engineering; Subsequent movement of the rockslide; Tangjishan landslide
INDEX KEYWORDS: Discrete elements; Movement mechanism; Slope engineering; Subsequent movement of the rockslide; Tangjishan landslide; Amplification; Computer simulation; Deformation; Dynamic response; Earthquakes; Landslides; Stress analysis; Stress concentration; Slope protection
REFERENCES: Wang, Laigui, Finite element simulation of collapse and sliding of slope with single weak plane induced by strong earthquake, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 28, SUPPL. 1, pp. 3163-3167, (2009); 
Feng, Wenkai, Preliminary study on mechanical mechanism of slope earthquake-induced deformation, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 28, SUPPL. 1, pp. 3124-3130, (2009); 
Wenchuan Earthquake Engineering Disaster Investigation Analysis and Research, (2009); 
Zheng, Yingren, Analysis and discussion of failure mechanism and fracture surface of slope under earthquake, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 28, 8, pp. 1714-1723, (2009); 
Rock and Soil Mechanics, (2009); 
Subgrade Engineering, (2009); 
Abnormality of seismic intensity in Hanyuan during Wenchuan earthquake, 29, 6, pp. 53-64; 
Yang, Qinghua, Particle flow numerical simulation of landslip of loose slope under seismic loading, Xinan Jiaotong Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University, 44, 4, pp. 580-584, (2009); 
Bardet, Jean Pierre, SEISMIC STABILITY OF FRACTURED ROCK MASSES WITH THE DISTINCT ELEMENT METHOD., 1, pp. 139-149, (1985); 
Chuhan, Zhang, Application of distinct element method in dynamic analysis of high rock slopes and blocky structures, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 16, 6, pp. 385-394, (1997)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zhang, J., Hull, V., Xu, W., Liu, J., Ouyang, Z., Huang, J., Wang, X., Li, R.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhang, Jindong (12041725600); Hull, Vanessa (24472727900); Xu, Weihua (55487629900); Liu, Jianguo Gou (35491043300); Ouyang, Zhiyun (7006468812); Huang, Jinyan (55881736700); Wang, Xuezhi (56512501900); Li, Rengui (8930935700)
12041725600; 24472727900; 55487629900; 35491043300; 7006468812; 55881736700; 56512501900; 8930935700
Impact of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake on biodiversity and giant panda habitat in Wolong Nature Reserve, China
(2011) Ecological Research, 26 (3), pp. 523 - 531, Cited 58 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11284-011-0809-4
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79955918091&doi=10.1007%2Fs11284-011-0809-4&partnerID=40&md5=3a4d061bc1b83214b0ac85be838ad410

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Systems Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; Mianyang Normal University, Mianyang, Sichuan, China; Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States; China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Sichuan, Sichuan, China; Computer Network Information Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Natural disasters such as earthquakes have profound effects on the earth's biodiversity. However, studies on immediate earthquake impacts are rarely conducted at fine scales due to logistical constraints. We conducted the first post-earthquake field survey in Wolong Nature Reserve, Wenchuan, China, less than 1 year after it was hit by a magnitude 8.0 earthquake in 2008. Since Wolong harbors approximately 10% of the endangered wild giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) population, the impact of the earthquake on the giant panda and its habitat is of particular concern. We established 15 transects in three focus areas within the Reserve where we classified occurrences of earthquake damage according to vegetation and geophysical characteristics. In the 11.2 km2 area sampled, we recorded 156 occurrences of earthquake damage consisting of landslides and mudflows, which comprised a total area of 0.88 km2. Of all earthquake damage occurrences sampled, only 36% of occurences (73% of surface area) corresponded to damaged areas previously detected through broad-scale remote sensing. The remaining damaged areas mainly consisted of occurrences too small to be detected without field observation. Although there were significant losses to tree and shrub species diversity and richness in earthquake-damaged areas, remnant vegetation was found in the majority (80%) of damaged areas, suggesting the potential for forest recovery. Most earthquake-damaged areas were too steep to be classified as suitable giant panda habitat (79%). In addition, a sizable number of signs of giant panda (67) and other wildlife (148) were observed near the earthquake-damaged areas, and there appeared to be avoidance of earthquake damage only at short-range distances. This study has implications for understanding the impact of natural disasters on biodiversity and highlights the importance of fine scale on-the-ground assessments of disaster impacts on wildlife and their habitats. © 2011 The Ecological Society of Japan.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Biodiversity; Earthquake; Giant panda; Natural disasters; Wildlife habitat
INDEX KEYWORDS: bear; biodiversity; earthquake damage; field survey; habitat conservation; hazard management; logistics; natural disaster; recovery plan; remote sensing; Sichuan earthquake 2008; species richness; wildlife management; China; Sichuan; Wolong Nature Reserve; Ailuropoda; Ailuropoda melanoleuca
REFERENCES: Allen, Robert B., Immediate damage by an earthquake to a temperate montane forest, Ecology, 80, 2, pp. 708-714, (1999); 
Ashenafi, Zelealem Tefera, Behaviour and ecology of the Ethiopian wolf (Canis simensis) in a human-dominated landscape outside protected areas, Animal Conservation, 8, 2, pp. 113-121, (2005); 
Hawth S Analysis Tools for Arcgis, (2004); 
Cheng, Song, Wenchuan 512 earthquake and giant panda habitat in Wolong, China: A review of strong earthquake effects, Frontiers of Forestry in China, 4, 4, pp. 388-393, (2009); 
News Report, (2008); 
Historic Earthquakes within 200 km of Wenchuan Since 1933, (2008); 
Dong, Rencai, Technique of multi-source-data integration and fusion for urgent assessment of ecology and environment effect from Wenchuan Earthquake, Shengtai Xuebao, 28, 12, pp. 5795-5800, (2008); 
undefined, (1999); 
Ferguson, Bruce G., Post-agricultural succession in El Petén, Guatemala, Conservation Biology, 17, 3, pp. 818-828, (2003); 
Ecology, (1922)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Viña, A., Chen, X., McConnell, W.J., Liu, W., Xu, W., Ouyang, Z., Zhang, H., Liu, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Viña, Andrés (7003596463); Chen, Xiaodong (36552055500); McConnell, William J. (7005382274); Liu, Wei (56436984700); Xu, Weihua (55487629900); Ouyang, Zhiyun (7006468812); Zhang, Hemin (7409190854); Liu, Jianguo Gou (35491043300)
7003596463; 36552055500; 7005382274; 56436984700; 55487629900; 7006468812; 7409190854; 35491043300
Effects of natural disasters on conservation policies: The case of the 2008 wenchuan earthquake, China
(2011) Ambio, 40 (3), pp. 274 - 284, Cited 60 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s13280-010-0098-0
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79955090873&doi=10.1007%2Fs13280-010-0098-0&partnerID=40&md5=8e9332a89079c6f3b97017380b60fa9c

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States; State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; China's Center for Giant Panda Research and Conservation, Wenchuan County, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Abstract Conservation policies are increasing in response to human-induced ecosystem degradation, but little is known about their interplay with natural disasters. Through an analysis of satellite imagery and field data we evaluated the impacts of a devastating earthquake on forest recovery and avoided forest loss estimated to have been obtained by two of the largest conservation programs in the world. Results show that more than 10% of the forests in Wenchuan County, Sichuan province, China were immediately affected by the 2008 earthquake, offsetting some gains in forest cover observed since the enactment of the conservation programs. But without the enactment of these conservation programs, the combined effects of human disturbance and earthquake-induced landslides could have severely reduced the region's forest cover. The continuation-and enhancement-of incentives for participation in conservation programs will be important for reducing the environmental impacts of the combined effects of human disturbance and natural hazards not only in the study area but also in many disaster-prone regions around the world. © Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences 2011.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Conservation; Grain-to-Green Program; Natural disasters; Natural Forest Conservation Program; Payments for ecosystem services; Wenchuan Earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: conservation management; disturbance; ecosystem management; ecosystem response; ecosystem service; environmental degradation; environmental impact; estimation method; forest cover; habitat loss; human activity; landslide; natural disaster; policy making; reforestation; satellite imagery; Sichuan earthquake 2008; article; China; earthquake; environmental planning; environmental protection; tree; Conservation of Natural Resources; Earthquakes; Environmental Policy; Trees; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: An, Li, Exploring complexity in a human-environment system: An agent-based spatial model for multidisciplinary and multiscale integration, Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 95, 1, pp. 54-79, (2005); 
Araújo, Miguel B., Validation of species-climate impact models under climate change, Global Change Biology, 11, 9, pp. 1504-1513, (2005); 
Berry, Philippa A.M., Near-global validation of the SRTM DEM using satellite radar altimetry, Remote Sensing of Environment, 106, 1, pp. 17-27, (2007); 
Botha, Jenny, The South African experience of conservation and social forestry outreach nurseries, Environmental Management, 38, 5, pp. 733-749, (2006); 
Browder, John O., Conservation and development projects in the Brazilian Amazon: Lessons from the community initiative program in Rondônia, Environmental Management, 29, 6, pp. 750-762, (2002); 
Population and Development Review, (1976); 
Chen, Xiaodong, Linking social norms to efficient conservation investment in payments for ecosystem services, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 106, 28, pp. 11812-11817, (2009); 
Chen, Xiaodong, Factors affecting land reconversion plans following a payment for ecosystem service program, Biological Conservation, 142, 8, pp. 1740-1747, (2009); 
Cincotta, Richard P., Human population in the biodiversity hotspots, Nature, 404, 6781, pp. 990-992, (2000); 
Crk, Tanja, Forest recovery in a tropical landscape: What is the relative importance of biophysical, socioeconomic, and landscape variables?, Landscape Ecology, 24, 5, pp. 629-642, (2009)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; BRONZE OPEN ACCESS

An, L.-Q., Zhang, J.-F., Zhao, F.-J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: An, Liqiang (44060947200); Zhang, Jingfa (14032411600); Zhao, Fujun (55353392600)
44060947200; 14032411600; 55353392600
Extracting secondary disaster of Wenchuan earthquake: Application of object-oriented image-classifying technology
(2011) Journal of Natural Disasters, 20 (2), pp. 160 - 168, Cited 9 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79960665633&partnerID=40&md5=bbfe3e2325cb3708d42f6b5e697f08ac

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Crustal Dynamics, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing, China; Heilongjiang University of Science and Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
ABSTRACT: Remote sensing technology provides valuable data for earthquake hazard management, by which information of seismic secondary disaster such as landslide, avalanche, debris flow, barrier lake can be extracted rapidly and accurately. Applying multi-scale segmentation and context information, the object-oriented fuzzy classification has advantages over traditional methods in accuracy and flexibility. In this paper, we apply this technique to detect changes of Beichuan County ,based on pre-and post-event images of Wenchuan earthquake. Four-temporal data was combined with digital elevation model (DEM) to study increment of water body of barrier lake. Also, we explain basic theory of object-oriented classification, summarize the key technique and discuss workflow of seismic secondary disaster extraction. The results show that it is feasible and effective to extract hazard information from image objects.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Object-oriented classification; Remote sensing image; Seismic secondary disaster
INDEX KEYWORDS: detection method; digital elevation model; disaster management; fuzzy mathematics; hazard assessment; image classification; remote sensing; seismic hazard; Sichuan earthquake 2008; technological development; Beichuan; China; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Barlow, John, Detecting translational landslide scars using segmentation of Landsat ETM+ and DEM data in the northern Cascade Mountains, British Columbia, Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing, 29, 4, pp. 510-517, (2003); 
Ishibuchi, Hisao, Three-objective genetics-based machine learning for linguistic rule extraction, Information Sciences, 136, 1-4, pp. 109-133, (2001); 
Keefer, David K., LANDSLIDES CAUSED BY EARTHQUAKES., Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 95, 4, pp. 406-421, (1984)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Hou, L.-Q., Xu, H.-M., Cao, Z.-Z., Yuan, X.-M.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Hou, Longqing (26028865200); Xu, Hongmei (57198604075); Cao, Zhengzhong (35277005200); Yuan, Xiaoming (7402202566)
26028865200; 57198604075; 35277005200; 7402202566
Characteristic analysis of liquefied soil in Wenchuan earthquake
(2011) Yantu Lixue/Rock and Soil Mechanics, 32 (4), pp. 1119 - 1124, Cited 4 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79956283794&partnerID=40&md5=1ddf7544a5440abeca0c575f06d6b547

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, East China University of Technology, Fuzhou, Jiangxi, China; Institute of Engineering Mechanics, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake caused destructive geologic hazard such as mountain landslide, collapse and debris flow in the mountainous area. Meanwhile, the liquefaction occurred extensively in the Chengdu plain that was mainly underlain by gravelly soils. Six typical liquefied sites were selected for drilling and field test in order to understand the features of liquefied soil and verify the feasibility of the liquefaction evaluation method in the Code for Seismic Design of Buildings. The results indicate: (1) The liquefied soils of six typical sites range from sand to gravels, two of which are sand and the rest are gravels. (2) The liquefied soil layers are loose and non-uniform with gently grain size distribution curve and large coefficient of uniformity; and the liquefied sands are well-graded soils and liquefied gravels are not. (3) The liquefaction evaluation method in the seismic code predicts one of the six typical sites as non-liquefaction site. Moreover, the code method is not feasible for gravels liquefaction assessment, because the standard penetration test (SPT) is impeded through the gravelly soils by big cobbles.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Grain size distribution; Liquefaction distinguish; Liquefaction of sand; Type of soil layer; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Characteristic analysis; Chengdu; Coefficient of uniformity; Debris flows; Design of buildings; Field test; Geologic hazards; Grain size distribution; Gravelly soils; Liquefaction evaluation; Liquefaction of sand; Liquefied sand; Liquefied soils; Mountainous area; Seismic code; Standard penetration test; Type of soil layer; Wenchuan Earthquake; Debris; Earthquakes; Grain size and shape; Gravel; Sand; Seismic design; Size distribution; Soils; Soil liquefaction
REFERENCES: undefined, (1979); 
undefined, (1989); 
undefined, (2001); 
Zhang, Chunmei, The hazard of sand soil liquefaction and the foundation treatment, World Earthquake Engineering, 23, 3, pp. 133-137, (2007); 
Yan, Kezhen, Discriminant analysis model for prediction of sand soil liquefaction during earthquake, Yantu Lixue/Rock and Soil Mechanics, 30, 7, pp. 2049-2052, (2009); 
Advances in liquefaction research on saturated soils, 27, 6, pp. 166-175; 
Zhou, Xiangguo, Experimental study of earthquake liquefaction of saturated silt in Tianjin area, Yantu Lixue/Rock and Soil Mechanics, 30, 12, pp. 3813-3819, (2009); 
undefined, (2001); 
undefined, (2011); 
undefined, (2011)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Liu, J.-K., Fang, Y., Liu, Z., Liu, J.-H., Wang, X.-D.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Liu, Jikui (37665636600); Fang, Yun (59628181900); Liu, Zhi (56101731600); Liu, Jianhui (39061666700); Wang, Xiaodong (57192629263)
37665636600; 59628181900; 56101731600; 39061666700; 57192629263
Study of damage mechanism and FLAC3D simulation of the seismic dynamic response of Shiguan gate in Diaoyucheng ruins
(2011) Yantu Lixue/Rock and Soil Mechanics, 32 (4), pp. 1249 - 1254, Cited 4 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79956222474&partnerID=40&md5=4a78c017e28c2d2eb87c2ab252972a00

AFFILIATIONS: Faculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Diaoyucheng Administration Bureau of Hechuan District of Chongqing City, Chongqing, China; Chinese Academy of Cultural Heritage, Beijing, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: The ancient ruins, Shiguan gate attached to rock and soil mass, is a part of rock and soil mass; so geotechnical analysis is used to study of its damage mechanism. In the "5.12" Wenchuan earthquake, local cracking and dislocation phenomena occurred in Shiguan gate of Diaoyucheng ancient battlefield ruins in Hechuan of Chongqing. Geological survey shows that the Shiguan gate is under complicated geological conditions like landslides, cracks etc., so geological model of Shiguan gate is sampled and the fast Lagrangian analysis of continua in 3D (FLAC3D) is used to make 3D simulation of the seismic dynamic response and analyze damage mechanism of Shiguan gate. Simulation results show that the stress concentration obviously occurs in Shiguan gate and displacements appear obviously under the conditions of seismic waves. The damage of Shiguan gate results from various geological factors. "5.12" Wenchuan earthquake is induced factor, geological structure like landslides, cracks etc., is the main reason; the reduction of its own intensity is the internal reason. The reliable scientific basis of repair and design of Shiguan gate is provided by the the simulation results. It has certain study significance and promotion value.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: "5.12" Wenchuan earthquake; Ancient ruins; Damage mechanism; FLAC3D simulation of dynamic response
INDEX KEYWORDS: 3D simulations; Ancient ruins; Chongqing; Damage mechanism; Fast Lagrangian analysis of continuum; FLAC simulation of dynamic response; Geological conditions; Geological factors; Geological models; Geological structures; Geotechnical analysis; Seismic dynamic response; Simulation result; Soil mass; Wenchuan Earthquake; Cracks; Dynamic response; Dynamics; Earthquakes; Failure (mechanical); Geologic models; Landslides; Seismic waves; Stress concentration; Three dimensional computer graphics; Three dimensional
REFERENCES: Flac3d Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua in 3 Dimensions, (2005); 
undefined, (2008); 
undefined, (2009); 
undefined, (1995); 
undefined, (2001); 
undefined, (2005); 
Liu, Chunling, Stability analysis of slope under earthquake with FLAC3D, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 23, 16, pp. 2730-2733, (2004); 
undefined, (2006); 
undefined, (2007); 
Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division ASCE, (1973)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Svirchev, L., Li, Y., Yan, L., Ma, B., He, C.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Svirchev, Laurence (55397545900); Li, Yong (57246524500); Yan, Liang (55330368900); Ma, Bolin (36796578700); He, Chengying (55459483800)
55397545900; 57246524500; 55330368900; 36796578700; 55459483800
Preventing and limiting exposure to geo-hazards: Some lessons from two mountain villages destroyed by the Wenchuan earthquake
(2011) Journal of Mountain Science, 8 (2), pp. 190 - 199, Cited 5 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11629-011-2095-6
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79953252268&doi=10.1007%2Fs11629-011-2095-6&partnerID=40&md5=d23f162f3db11ad223e34c851fe8e3db

AFFILIATIONS: Visiting Researcher, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Disaster and Emergency Management graduate programs, Royal Roads University, Victoria, BC, Canada; State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; H and S Consulting, Vancouver, BC, Canada
ABSTRACT: This paper examines the experiences of two mountain communities-Yinchanggou and Donghekou in the Wenchuan earthquake of May 12, 2008, where Yinchanggou's tourism economy and natural park system was destroyed and Donghekou was buried by a landslide. We conducted research surveys on both the communities, interviewing survivors and local officials, and observed the destruction/reconstruction, geological, and living conditions. We suggest that protracted educational processes be put into place so that mountain communities possess a knowledge base to consider long-term disaster prevention when building the economy in the fragile and geo-hazardous conditions of the Longmenshan. The Donghekou Earthquake Ruins Park is an exemplar of turning disaster into sustainable, safe development for small mountain villages. © 2011 Science Press, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, CAS and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Geo-hazards; Post-disaster reconstruction; Survery; Wenchuan Earthquake
REFERENCES: Proceedings of the International Symposium and Seventh Asian Regional Conference of Iaeg September 9 11, (2009); 
Proceedings of the International Symposium and Seventh Asian Regional Conference of Iaeg September 9 11, (2009); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2009); 
Disasters by Design A Reassessment of Natural Hazards in the United States, (1999); 
State Overall Planning for Post Wenchuan Earthquake Restoration and Reconstruction, (2008); 
Proceedings of the International Symposium and Seventh Asian Regional Conference of Iaeg September 9 11, (2009); 
Tang, Chuan, Emergency assessment of seismic landslide susceptibility: A case study of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake affected area, Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, 8, 2, pp. 207-217, (2009); 
Proceedings of the First World Landslide Forum, (2008); 
Wang, Zifa, A preliminary report on the Great Wenchuan Earthquake, Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, 7, 2, pp. 225-234, (2008); 
Proceedings of the International Symposium and Seventh Asian Regional Conference of Iaeg September 9 11, (2009)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Huang, R.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Huang, Runqiu (55835407700)
55835407700
Geo-engineering lessons learned from the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan and their significance to reconstruction
(2011) Journal of Mountain Science, 8 (2), pp. 176 - 189, Cited 15 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11629-011-2103-x
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79953251898&doi=10.1007%2Fs11629-011-2103-x&partnerID=40&md5=c94c4ceddd46c0b3ee1f0340567e863e

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan of China was the result of quake-triggering along an active several hundred-kilometer-long fault. The subsequent landslides and debris flow geohazards are dominating factors in planning post-disaster recovery and rebuilding. This paper presents recommendations for coping with large-scale geohazards and disasters. It is essential to establish a national emergency management system for huge scale catastrophe and earthquake precursor identification. Town construction must be kept away from active faults, especially to improve town safety in areas with high risk of seismic and geological hazards, and it is important to improve geohazard investigation and remediation for mountain areas that have become loosened by earthquake activity. Geological factors must be better understood to reduce direct and secondary risks and effects of earthquakes. Site selections for public relocation require clear and informed analysis of geological and social risk reduction, so that relocation, infrastructure reconstruction, and commemorative relic-sites can be protected. © 2011 Science Press, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, CAS and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Geohazard; Reconstruction; Wenchuan Earthquake
REFERENCES: Journal of Mountain Science, (2008); 
Cui, Peng, Prediction of debris-flow danger area by combining hydrological and inundation simulation methods, Journal of Mountain Science, 8, 1, pp. 1-9, (2011); 
Li, Yanfu, Slope debris flows in the Wenchuan Earthquake area, Journal of Mountain Science, 7, 3, pp. 226-233, (2010); 
Shieh, Cheng-Lun Lun, Variability in rainfall threshold for debris flow after the Chi-Chi earthquake in central Taiwan, China, International Journal of Sediment Research, 24, 2, pp. 177-188, (2009); 
Wang, Jian, Analysis of earthquake-triggered failure mechanisms of slopes and sliding surfaces, Journal of Mountain Science, 7, 3, pp. 282-290, (2010); 
Zhuang, Jianqi, Characteristics of earthquake-triggered landslides and post-earthquake debris flows in Beichuan County, Journal of Mountain Science, 7, 3, pp. 246-254, (2010)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zhu, J., Ding, J., Liang, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhu, Jing (55704611000); Ding, Jun (55463437900); Liang, Jingtao (35205586800)
55704611000; 55463437900; 35205586800
Influences of the Wenchuan Earthquake on sediment supply of debris flows
(2011) Journal of Mountain Science, 8 (2), pp. 270 - 277, Cited 26 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11629-011-2114-7
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79953250536&doi=10.1007%2Fs11629-011-2114-7&partnerID=40&md5=3d17c98815fdf0a64a2fbb54d5a25f4b

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: The 5. 12 Wenchuan Earthquake and the subsequent rainstorms induced a large number of landslides, which later were transformed into debris flows. To evaluate the effect of the earthquake on the sediment supply of debris flows, eight debris flow basins near Beichuan City, Sichuan Province, China were chosen as the study area. The area variations of the debris flow source after the Wenchuan Earthquake and the subsequent rainstorm are analyzed and discussed in this paper. Interpretations of aerial photographs (after the 5. 12 Wenchuan Earthquake) and SPOT<inf>5</inf> images (after the rainstorm event of September 24, 2008) as well as field investigations were compared to identify the transformation of landslide surface in the study area, indicating that the landslide area in the eight debris flow basins significantly increased. The loose sediment area on the channel bed increased after the rainstorm event. In order to estimate the relationship of the landslide area with the rainfall intensity in different return periods, a model proposed by Uchihugi was adopted. Results show that new landslide area induced by heavy rainfall with 50-year and 100-year return period will be 0. 87 km2 and 1. 67 km2, respectively. The study results show the Wenchuan earthquake had particular influences on subsequent rainfall-induced debris flow occurrence. © 2011 Science Press, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, CAS and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flow; Rainstorm; Remote sensing imagery; Wenchuan earthquake
REFERENCES: Chen, Hongey, The impact of landslide and debris flows triggered by Typhoon Mindulle in Taiwan, Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology, 38, 3, pp. 301-304, (2005); 
Evaluation of Landslides and Debris Flow Hazards for Reconstruction of Chin Shan Hydropower Plant in Ta Chia Watershed After Chi Chi Earthquake, (2009); 
Coe, Jeffrey A., Volumetric analysis and hydrologic characterization of a modern debris flow near Yucca Mountain, Nevada, Geomorphology, 20, 1-2, pp. 11-28, (1997); 
Dong, J. J., The role of the sediment budget in understanding debris flow susceptibility, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 34, 12, pp. 1612-1624, (2009); 
Journal of Geophysical Research, (2004); 
Liu, Chiannan, Impacts of september 21, 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake on the characteristics of gully-type debris flows in central Taiwan, Natural Hazards, 47, 3, pp. 349-368, (2008); 
Lin, Ching-Wee Weei, Impacts of the Chi-Chi earthquake on subsequent rainfall-induced landslides in central Taiwan, Engineering Geology, 86, 2-3, pp. 87-101, (2006); 
Lin, Ching-Wee Weei, Impact of Chi-Chi earthquake on the occurrence of landslides and debris flows: Example from the Chenyulan River watershed, Nantou, Taiwan, Engineering Geology, 71, 1-2, pp. 49-61, (2004); 
Tang, Chuan, Rainfall-triggered debris flows following the Wenchuan earthquake, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 68, 2, pp. 187-194, (2009); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2009)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Huang, R., Xu, Q., Huo, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Huang, Runqiu (55835407700); Xu, Qiang (56506033600); Huo, Junjie (37063192000)
55835407700; 56506033600; 37063192000
Mechanism and geo-mechanics models of landslides triggered by 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake
(2011) Journal of Mountain Science, 8 (2), pp. 200 - 210, Cited 64 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11629-011-2104-9
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79953240751&doi=10.1007%2Fs11629-011-2104-9&partnerID=40&md5=fddf7ef6b41945e2bd9e04992752840d

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: Due to the extremely high magnitude, long duration, and the complicated geo-environment in the disaster area, the great 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake not only produced a huge number of landslides and rockfalls, but also involved complicated dynamic processes. These processes are quite different from the characteristics of landslides and rockfalls under general gravitational force, and presently human knowledge is very poor in this field. In order to describe the special dynamic processes, some terms such as shattering-cracking, shattering-sliding, shattering-falls and ejection are defined in this paper. Combined with slope structures, a mechanism classification system of strong earthquake-triggered landslide and rockfall is suggested, which is divided into 5 categories and 14 types. This paper also analyzes the basic characteristics, dynamic processes and geo-mechanics conceptual models of some typologies, especial the type of shattering-sliding for most large-scales landsides. This paper initially reveals the formation mechanism, geo-mechanics models and dynamic features of landslides and rockfalls triggered by the great Wenchuan Earthquake. © 2011 Science Press, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, CAS and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake; Geo-mechanics model; Landslide; Rockfall
REFERENCES: Catastrophic Landslides in China, (2008); 
Chinese Geological Education, (2008); 
Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, (2008); 
Huang, Runqiu, Development and distribution of geohazards triggered by the 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake in China, Science in China, Series E: Technological Sciences, 52, 4, pp. 810-819, (2009); 
Huang, Runqiu, Analysis of the geo-hazards triggered by the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake, China, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 68, 3, pp. 363-371, (2009); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2009); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2008); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2009); 
World Information on Earthquake Engineering, (1999); 
Xiao, Keqiang, Study on deformation characteristics of bedding slopes under earthquake, Yantu Lixue/Rock and Soil Mechanics, 28, 8, pp. 1557-1564, (2007)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Xu, Q., Zhang, S., Li, W.L.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Xu, Qiang (56506033600); Zhang, Shuai (55092670700); Li, Weile (25936551300)
56506033600; 55092670700; 25936551300
Spatial distribution of large-scale landslides induced by the 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake
(2011) Journal of Mountain Science, 8 (2), pp. 246 - 260, Cited 102 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11629-011-2105-8
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79953239279&doi=10.1007%2Fs11629-011-2105-8&partnerID=40&md5=3605a36893abf7100c561c0dd57f6f82

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: The 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake in 2008 induced hundreds of large-scale landslides. This paper systematically analyzes 112 large-scale landslides (surface area > 50000 m2), which were identified by interpretation of remote sensing imagery and field investigations. The analysis suggests that the distribution of large-scale landslides is affected by the following four factors: (a) distance effect: 80% of studied large-scale landslides are located within a distance of 5 km from the seismic faults. The farther the distance to the faults, the lower the number of large-scale landslides; (b) locked segment effect: the large-scale landslides are mainly located in five concentration zones closely related with the crossing, staggering and transfer sections between one seismic fault section and the next one, as well as the end of the NE fault section. The zone with the highest concentration was the Hongbai-Chaping segment, where a great number of large-scale landslides including the two largest landslides were located. The second highest concentration of large-scale landslides was observed in the Nanba-Donghekou segment at the end of NE fault, where the Donghekou landslide and the Woqian landslide occurred; (c) Hanging wall effect: about 70% of the large-scale landslides occurred on the hanging wall of the seismic faults; and (d) direction effect: in valleys perpendicular to the seismic faults, the density of large-scale landslides on the slopes facing the seismic wave is obviously higher than that on the slopes dipping in the same direction as the direction of propagation of the seismic wave. Meanwhile, it is found that the sliding and moving directions of large-scale landslides are related to the staggering direction of the faults in each section. In Qingchuan County where the main fault activity was horizontal twisting and staggering, a considerable number of landslides showed the feature of sliding and moving in NE direction which coincides with the staggering direction of the seismic faults. © 2011 Science Press, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, CAS and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake; Direction effect; Distribution pattern; Landslides; Locked segment effect
REFERENCES: Champati Ray, Prashanta Kumar, Analysis of seismicity-induced landslides due to the 8 October 2005 earthquake in Kashmir Himalaya, Current Science, 97, 12, pp. 1742-1751, (2009); 
Cole, W. F., Analysis of earthquake-reactivated landslides in the epicentral region, central Santa Cruz Mountains, California, US Geological Survey Professional Paper, 1551-C, pp. 165-185, (1998); 
Multi Media Academic Report in Chengdu University of Technology, (2008); 
Susceptibility Assessment of Earthquake Triggered Landslides in El Salvador Using Logistic Regression, (2008); 
Japan, (2010); 
Landslides Distribution Nearby Earthquake Seismic Fault of the Chuetsu Offshore Earthquake, (2009); 
Geohazard Assessment of the Wenchuan Earthquake, (2009); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2008); 
Catastrophic Landslides in China, (2008); 
Huang, Runqiu, Research on development and distribution rules of geohazards induced by Wenchuan earthquake on 12th May, 2008, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 27, 12, pp. 2585-2592, (2008)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Shu, C., Jiang, L.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Shu, Chengqiang (35194728600); Jiang, Liangqun (35194024600)
35194728600; 35194024600
Geological hazards risk regionalization based on GIS in Chongzhou city
(2011) Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, 7752, art. no. 77521I, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.1117/12.889226
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79952631801&doi=10.1117%2F12.889226&partnerID=40&md5=734259e995ad581fbae8429aea86b2b3

AFFILIATIONS: Land and Resources College, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: After Wenchuan Earthquake on May 12, 2008, various geological hazards happened frequently in Chongzhou city, Sichuan.This paper analyzes factors inducing hazards by weighted comprehensive evaluation (WCE) and analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and builds the geological hazards assessment model.On the basis, the map of geological hazards lability zoning is drew. The study shows that geological hazards in Chongzhou city are mainly landslide, collapse,unstable slope and debris flow. According the risk degree value of geological hazards every field, Chongzhou city is regionalized to high, middle, low and none risk area of geological hazards. The results display that almost all geological hazards distribute in northwest mountain area of this city where is key area of geological hazards prevention in future© 2011 SPIE.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Chongzhou city; Geological hazards; GIS; Risk regionalization
INDEX KEYWORDS: Chongzhou city; Comprehensive evaluation; Debris flows; Geological hazards; GIS; Risk areas; Risk degree; Wenchuan Earthquake; Agricultural engineering; Debris; Decision theory; Hierarchical systems; Hazards
REFERENCES: Journal of Catastrophology, (2007); 
Sandong Land Resources, (2007); 
Yunnan Geologic, (2007); 
Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control, (2004); 
Wang, Zhe, AHP-based evaluation of occurrance easiness of geological disasters in mianyang city, Journal of Natural Disasters, 18, 1, pp. 14-23, (2009); 
Hu, Haibo, AHP model-based risk assessment of lightning in Beijing, Journal of Natural Disasters, 19, 1, pp. 104-109, (2010); 
Science of Surveying and Mapping, (2008); 
Research of Soil and Water Conservation, (2010); 
Journal of Southwest University for Nationalities Natural Science Edition, (2008); 
Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, (2004)
SPONSORS: Wuhan Institute of Technology, Huanggang Normal University, Intelligent Inf. Technol. Appl. Res. Assoc.
CONFERENCE NAME: PIAGENG 2010 - Photonics and Imaging for Agricultural Engineering
CONFERENCE DATE: 2010-12-25 through 2010-12-26
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Fu, B., Shi, P., Guo, H., Okuyama, S., Ninomiya, Y., Wright, S.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Fu, Bihong (7103382662); Shi, Pilong (26421447200); Guo, Huadong (56415384100); Okuyama, Satoshi (36139690800); Ninomiya, Yoshiki (35491210500); Wright, Sarah (57199462229)
7103382662; 26421447200; 56415384100; 36139690800; 35491210500; 57199462229
Surface deformation related to the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, and mountain building of the Longmen Shan, eastern Tibetan Plateau
(2011) Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40 (4), pp. 805 - 824, Cited 147 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2010.11.011
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79551573503&doi=10.1016%2Fj.jseaes.2010.11.011&partnerID=40&md5=7905d20d2ba5bb72102824fb4ef419fc

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; Center for Earth Observation and Digital Earth, Haidian, Beijing, China; National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; School of Earth Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
ABSTRACT: The 12 May 2008 M<inf>s</inf> 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China, was one of largest continental thrusting events worldwide. Based on interpretations of post-earthquake high-resolution remote sensing images and field surveys, we investigated the geometry, geomorphology, and kinematics of co-seismic surface ruptures, as well as seismic and geologic hazards along the Longmen Shan fold-and-thrust belt. Our results indicate that the Wenchuan earthquake occurred along the NE-SW-trending Yingxiu-Beichuan and Guanxian-Anxian faults in the Longmen Shan fold-and-thrust belt. The main surface rupture zones along the Yingxiu-Beichuan and Guanxian-Anxian fault zones are approximately 235 and 72km in length, respectively. These sub-parallel ruptures may merge at depth. The Yingxiu-Donghekou surface rupture zone can be divided into four segments separated by discontinuities that appear as step-overs or bends in map view. Surface deformation is characterized by oblique reverse faulting with a maximum vertical displacement of approximately 10m in areas around Beichuan County. Earthquake-related disasters (e.g., landslides) are linearly distributed along the surface rupture zones and associated river valleys.The Wenchuan earthquake provides new insights into the nature of mountain building within the Longmen Shan, eastern Tibetan Plateau. The total crustal shortening accommodated by this great earthquake was as much as 8.5. m, with a maximum vertical uplift of approximately 10. m. The present results suggest that ongoing mountain building of the Longmen Shan is driven mainly by crustal shortening and uplift related to repeated large seismic events such as the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. Furthermore, rapid erosion within the Longmen Shan fold-and-thrust belt occurs along deep valleys and rupture zones following the occurrence of large-scale landslides triggered by earthquakes. Consequently, we suggest that crustal shortening related to repeated great seismic events, together with isostatic rebound induced by rapid erosion-related unloading, is a key component of the geodynamics that drive ongoing mountain building on the eastern Tibetan Plateau. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Co-seismic oblique reverse faulting; Crustal shortening; Eastern Tibetan Plateau; Longmen Shan; Mountain building; Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: coseismic process; crustal deformation; crustal shortening; displacement; fold and thrust belt; kinematics; reverse fault; seismotectonics; Sichuan earthquake 2008; uplift; China; Longmen Mountains; Qinghai-Xizang Plateau
REFERENCES: Arne, Dennis C., Differential exhumation in response to episodic thrusting along the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, Tectonophysics, 280, 3-4, pp. 239-256, (1997); 
Avouac, Jean Philippe, Erosion as a driving mechanism of intracontinental mountain growth, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 101, 8, pp. 17747-17769, (1996); 
Bilham, Roger G., The morphology of strike-slip faults: examples from the San Andreas Fault, California, Journal of Geophysical Research, 94, B8, pp. 10-216, (1989); 
Burbank, Douglas W., Bedrock incision, rock uplift and threshold hillslopes in the northwestern Himalayas, Nature, 379, 6565, pp. 505-510, (1996); 
Burchfiel, B. Clark, Tectonics of the Longmen Shan and Adjacent Regions, Central China, International Geology Review, 37, 8, pp. 661-735, (1995); 
Burchfiel, B. Clark, A geological and geophysical context for the Wenchuan earthquake of 12 May 2008, Sichuan, People's Republic of China, GSA Today, 18, 7, pp. 4-11, (2008); 
Champagnac, Jean Daniel, Quaternary erosion-induced isostatic rebound in the western Alps, Geology, 35, 3, pp. 195-198, (2007); 
Champagnac, Jean Daniel, Erosion-driven uplift of the modern Central Alps, Tectonophysics, 474, 1-2, pp. 236-249, (2009); 
Chen, Shefa, Emplacement of the Longmen Shan Thrust-Nappe Belt along the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, Journal of Structural Geology, 18, 4, pp. 413-430, (1996); 
Chen, Zhiliang, Global Positioning System measurements from eastern Tibet and their implications for India/Eurasia intercontinental deformation, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 105, B7, pp. 16215-16227, (2000)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Qi, S.-W., Xu, Q., Zhang, B., Zhou, Y., Lan, H., Li, L.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Qi, Shengwen (55411952900); Xu, Qiang (56506033600); Zhang, Bing (8835983800); Zhou, Yuande (7405363896); Lan, Hengxing (7102710925); Li, Lihui (7501445072)
55411952900; 56506033600; 8835983800; 7405363896; 7102710925; 7501445072
Source characteristics of long runout rock avalanches triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, China
(2011) Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40 (4), pp. 896 - 906, Cited 89 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2010.05.010
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79551573465&doi=10.1016%2Fj.jseaes.2010.05.010&partnerID=40&md5=0784ded02c89484467992083b0fe7be5

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Engineering Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; The State Key Laboratory of Geohazards Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Center for Earth Observation and Digital Earth, Haidian, Beijing, China; Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: The May 12, 2008 Wenchuan, China Earthquake which measured M<inf>w</inf>=8.3 according to Chinese Earthquake Administration - CEA (M<inf>w</inf>=7.9 according to the USGS) directly triggered many landslides, which caused about 20,000 deaths, a quarter of the total. Rock avalanches were among the most destructive landslides triggered by this seismic event, and have killed more people than any other type of landslide in this earthquake. The Donghekou rock avalanche, one example of a catastrophic avalanche triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake, occurred in Qingchuan and buried one primary school and 184 houses, resulting in more than 780 deaths, and in addition, caused the formation of two landslide dams, which formed barrier lakes.Combining aerial images (resolution of 0.5. m) with field investigations, this paper lists some parameters of 66 cases in one table, and details source characteristics of six typical cases. It has been found that most of the long runout rock avalanches have source areas with high relief and steep inclination, causing the debris in the travel courses to accelerate. There was also a large amount of saturated Holocene-age loose deposits formed by a river or gully that existed in the travel courses. Comparison studies indicate that saturated Holocene loose deposits in the travel courses could be the most important factor for the causes of the long runout characteristic of the rock avalanches especially when they traveled over gentle or even flat ground surfaces.Furthermore, the relationships among the relief slope gradient, runout and covered area are investigated, and a threshold line for predicting the maximum horizontal runout distance under certain change in elevation is presented. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: 2008.5.12 Wenchuan earthquake; Landslide; Rock avalanche
INDEX KEYWORDS: catastrophic event; earthquake magnitude; earthquake trigger; landslide; rock avalanche; seismic source; Sichuan earthquake 2008
REFERENCES: Burchfiel, B. Clark, Tectonics of the Longmen Shan and Adjacent Regions, Central China, International Geology Review, 37, 8, pp. 661-735, (1995); 
Burchfiel, B. Clark, A geological and geophysical context for the Wenchuan earthquake of 12 May 2008, Sichuan, People's Republic of China, GSA Today, 18, 7, pp. 4-11, (2008); 
undefined, (2001); 
undefined, (2008); 
Dai, Fuchu, Landslide characteristics and slope instability modeling using GIS, Lantau Island, Hong Kong, Geomorphology, 42, 3-4, pp. 213-228, (2002); 
undefined, (2009); 
Houseman, Gregory A., Crustal thickening versus lateral expulsion in the Indian-Asian continental collision, Journal of Geophysical Research, 98, B7, pp. 12-249, (1993); 
Keefer, David K., LANDSLIDES CAUSED BY EARTHQUAKES., Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 95, 4, pp. 406-421, (1984); 
Keefer, David K., Rock avalanches caused by earthquakes: Source characteristics, Science, 223, 4642, pp. 1288-1290, (1984); 
Kind, Rainer, Seismic images of crust and upper mantle beneath Tibet: Evidence for Eurasian plate subduction, Science, 298, 5596, pp. 1219-1221, (2002)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier Ltd
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Dong, Y., Li, Q., Dou, A., Wang, X.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Dong, Yanfang (8213169000); Li, Qian (36062654700); Dou, Aixia (55761756200); Wang, Xiaoqing (35148757500)
8213169000; 36062654700; 55761756200; 35148757500
Extracting damages caused by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake from SAR remote sensing data
(2011) Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40 (4), pp. 907 - 914, Cited 70 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2010.07.009
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79551547711&doi=10.1016%2Fj.jseaes.2010.07.009&partnerID=40&md5=c76eaa1742b3efb2c0325b2805566b5f

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Earthquake Science, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Bad weather conditions usually limit the acquisition of optical remote sensing images, while all day and all weather synthetic aperture radar (SAR) shows the ability of providing timely remote sensing data for emergency response and rescue works after earthquake. Because SAR is sensitive to the surface changes caused by earthquake, the modified electromagnetic behaviour by geological disasters and the collapse of buildings can be recorded in SAR images as backscattering intensity changes. Absolute radiometric calibration was performed to SAR products to derive backscattering coefficient sigma nought from image digital number (DN). Based on change detection methods, Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS) Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (PALSAR) data and TerraSAR-X data acquired for the Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake were used to extract earthquake damage information. This study revealed that landslides showed stronger backscattering and barrier lakes showed lower backscattering in post-earthquake 10. m ALOS PALSAR images comparing to pre-earthquake, and collapsed buildings showed lower backscattering compared to un-collapsed buildings in 1. m TerraSAR-X image. Results showed that SAR data with different spatial resolutions are useful for different earthquake damage information extraction: medium spatial resolution SAR data, e.g. 10 m ALOS PALSAR data, were efficient for secondary geological disaster extraction; high-resolution SAR data, e.g. 1. m TerraSAR-X data, with the help of ancillary GIS data or high-resolution optical data, could be used to extract building collapse information in urban areas. This study indicates that SAR remote sensing data can provide earthquake damage information at early emergency stage and assist the field surveying, further damage assessment and post-earthquake reconstruction. © 2010.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Change detection; Earthquake damage extraction; High spatial resolution; SAR; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: disaster management; earthquake damage; landslide; radar imagery; remote sensing; Sichuan earthquake 2008; spatial resolution; synthetic aperture radar; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: undefined, (2009); 
Dash, Jadu, Automatic building extraction from laser scanning data: An input tool for disaster management, Advances in Space Research, 33, 3, pp. 317-322, (2004); 
Fielding, Eric Jameson, Shallow fault-zone dilatancy recovery after the 2003 Bam earthquake in Iran, Nature, 458, 7234, pp. 64-68, (2009); 
Fu, Bihong, Mapping active fault associated with the 2003 Mw 6.6 Bam (SE Iran) earthquake with ASTER 3D images, Remote Sensing of Environment, 92, 2, pp. 153-157, (2004); 
Fu, Bihong, Spatial characteristics of the surface rupture produced by the M s8. 0 wenchuan earthquake using high-resolution remote sensing imagery, Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition), 82, 12, pp. 1679-1687, (2008); 
Fu, Bihong, Geometry and kinematics of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake surface ruptures around the Qushan Town of Beichuan County, Sichuan: Implications for mitigation of seismic and geologic disasters, Acta Geophysica Sinica, 52, 2, pp. 485-495, (2009); 
Atlas of Seismological and Geological Disasters Associated with the 12 May 2008 Ms 8 0 Wenchuan Great Earthquake Sichuan China, (2009); 
Guo, Huadong, An improved automatic detection method for earthquake-collapsed buildings from ADS40 image, Chinese Science Bulletin, 54, 18, pp. 3303-3307, (2009); 
undefined, (2008); 
undefined, (2007)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Dai, F., Xu, C., Yao, X., Xu, L., Tu, X., Gong, Q.M.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Dai, Fuchu (7102055666); Xu, Chong (35184309900); Yao, Xin (55723721600); Xu, Ling (55732589900); Tu, Xinbin (7102136710); Gong, Qiuming (24080084900)
7102055666; 35184309900; 55723721600; 55732589900; 7102136710; 24080084900
Spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, China
(2011) Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40 (4), pp. 883 - 895, Cited 613 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2010.04.010
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79551538211&doi=10.1016%2Fj.jseaes.2010.04.010&partnerID=40&md5=8a686ead821fb2b69be9184eacd5971c

AFFILIATIONS: Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: The Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake of May 12, 2008 is one of the most disastrous earthquakes in China. The earthquake triggered tens of thousands of landslides over a broad area, including shallow, disrupted landslides, rock falls, deep-seated landslides, and rock avalanches, some of which buried large sections of some towns and dammed the rivers. The purpose of this study is to investigate correlations between the occurrence of landslides with geologic and geomorphologic conditions, and seismic parameters. Over 56,000 earthquake-triggered landslides, with a total area of 811km2, are interpreted using aerial photographs and remote sensing images taken following the earthquake. The spatial distribution of these landslides is analyzed statistically using both landslide-point density (LPD), defined as the number of landslides per square kilometer, and landslide-area density (LAD), the percentage of the area affected by landslides, to determine how the occurrence of landslides correlates with distance from the epicenter, distance from the major surface rupture, seismic intensity and peak ground acceleration (PGA), slope angle, slope aspect, elevation, and lithology. It is found that both LAD and LPD have strong positive correlations with slope steepness, distance from the major surface rupture and seismic intensity, and that Pre-Sinian schist, and Cambrian sandstone and siltstone intercalated with slate have the most concentrated landslide activities, followed by the Permian limestone intercalated with shale, and Devonian limestone. Statistical analyses also indicate that the major surface rupture has influence on the spatial distribution of landslides, because LAD and LPD are relatively higher on the hanging wall than on the footwall. However, the correlation between the occurrence of landslides with distance from the epicenter of the earthquake is complicated, rather than a relatively simple negative correlation as found from other reported cases of earthquakes. This is possibly due to complicated rupture processes of the earthquake. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Landslide-area density; Landslide-point density; Landslides; Spatial distribution; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: earthquake epicenter; earthquake intensity; earthquake rupture; earthquake trigger; geomorphology; landslide; limestone; rock avalanche; Sichuan earthquake 2008; spatial distribution; statistical analysis; Sinia
REFERENCES: Burchfiel, B. Clark, A geological and geophysical context for the Wenchuan earthquake of 12 May 2008, Sichuan, People's Republic of China, GSA Today, 18, 7, pp. 4-11, (2008); 
Chen, Zhiliang, Global Positioning System measurements from eastern Tibet and their implications for India/Eurasia intercontinental deformation, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 105, B7, pp. 16215-16227, (2000); 
undefined, (2008); 
Chen, Yong, Wenchuan earthquake: Way of thinking is changed, Episodes, 31, 4, pp. 374-377, (2008); 
Chigira, Masahiro, Geological and geomorphological characteristics of landslides triggered by the 2004 Mid Niigta prefecture earthquake in Japan, Engineering Geology, 82, 4, pp. 202-221, (2006); 
Seismology and Geology, (1994); 
Densmore, Alexander Logan, Active tectonics of the Beichuan and Pengguan faults at the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, Tectonics, 26, 4, (2007); 
Fu, Bihong, Geometry and kinematics of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake surface ruptures around the Qushan Town of Beichuan County, Sichuan: Implications for mitigation of seismic and geologic disasters, Acta Geophysica Sinica, 52, 2, pp. 485-495, (2009); 
Fu, Bihong, Surface deformation related to the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, and mountain building of the Longmen Shan, eastern Tibetan Plateau, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 805-824, (2011); 
Harp, Edwin L., Landslides triggered by the 1994 Northridge, California, earthquake, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 86, 1 SUPPL. B, pp. S319-S332, (1996)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wang, Z., Shi, W., Liu, D.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wang, Zhaoyin (35486457100); Shi, Wenjing (36195684100); Liu, Dandan (55730506400)
35486457100; 36195684100; 55730506400
Continual erosion of bare rocks after the Wenchuan earthquake and control strategies
(2011) Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40 (4), pp. 915 - 925, Cited 20 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2010.07.004
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79551532369&doi=10.1016%2Fj.jseaes.2010.07.004&partnerID=40&md5=be1c8ab0b49145e6dd02b6272b482724

AFFILIATIONS: Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: The newly bared rocks created by the Wenchuan earthquake are undergoing continual intensive erosion in the form of detachment and movement of individual grains. Grain erosion is defined as the phenomenon of breaking down bare rocks under the action of insolation and temperature change, detachment of grains from the rockwalls by wind, flow down of grains on the slope under the action of gravity, and accumulation of grains at the toe of the mountain, forming a deposit fan. The Wenchuan earthquake, which occurred in Sichuan on May 12, 2008, caused thousands of avalanches and landslides and left scars on slopes and a huge area of bare rocks. Grain erosion causes flying stones, injured humans and resulted in numerous slope debris flows. The process of grain erosion and strategies to limit the erosion were studied by field investigations and field experiments. According to these field investigations and field studies, the most serious grain erosion occurs in spring and early summer when it is very dry. Rocks are broken down to grains under the action of insolation and temperature change. Then, wind blows the grains from the bare rock down slope. Experimental results showed that the amount of grains blown down by wind per area of rock surface per unit time is proportional to the fourth power of the wind speed. However, the size of the grains blown down by wind increases linearly with the wind speed. An experiment proved that grain erosion can be controlled with two moss species. Moss spores were mixed with clay suspension and splashed on bare rocks. The moss species germinated on the rock surface in one month and greened the bare rocks in two months. The moss layer protected the rocks from insolation and mitigated the effects of temperature change, thus effectively mitigated grain erosion. © 2010.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Bare rock; Debris flow; Grain erosion; Vegetation restoration; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: avalanche; debris flow; environmental restoration; erosion; erosion control; Sichuan earthquake 2008; soil conservation; vegetation; wind erosion; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan; Bryophyta
REFERENCES: Burnett, Benjamin N., Aspect-related microclimatic influences on slope forms and processes northeastern Arizona, Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 113, 3, (2008); 
Carter, Nicholas E.A., Experimental investigations into the interactions between moisture, rock surface temperatures and an epilithic lichen cover in the bioprotection of limestone, Building and Environment, 38, 9-10, pp. 1225-1234, (2003); 
Carter, Nicholas E.A., Bioprotection explored: The story of a little known earth surface process, Geomorphology, 67, 3-4, pp. 273-281, (2005); 
Highway, (2006); 
undefined, (2008); 
Curry, Alastair M., Structure, sedimentology and evolution of rockfall talus, Mynydd Du, south Wales, Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 114, 1, pp. 49-64, (2003); 
undefined, (2008); 
García-Ruíz, José María, Stratified scree in the Central Spanish Pyrenees: Palaeoenvironmental implications, Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, 12, 3, pp. 233-242, (2001); 
Goldman, S. J., Erosion and sediment control handbook., (1986); 
Halsey, David P., Influence of climatically induced cycles in physical weathering, Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology, 31, 4 pt 4, pp. 359-367, (1998)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Chen, X.-L., Deng, J.-L., Ran, H.-L.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Chen, Xiaoli (8346444100); Deng, Jianliang (42861335200); Ran, Hongliu (36792615400)
8346444100; 42861335200; 36792615400
Analysis of landslides triggered by Wenchuan earthquake
(2011) Dizhen Dizhi, 33 (1), pp. 191 - 202, Cited 13 times.
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2011.01.018
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79959576968&doi=10.3969%2Fj.issn.0253-4967.2011.01.018&partnerID=40&md5=a71b599de3f63141cb5fb1a45ee06557

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China; Geosphere Research Institute, Saitama University, Saitama, Saitama, Japan
ABSTRACT: On May 12, 2008, a huge earthquake(M<inf>s</inf> = 8. 0)named Wenchuan earthquake hit Sichuan Province in Southwest China and triggered thousands of landslides. Post-seismic investigation and analysis discovered some characteristics of the landslides' spatial distribution. Landslides occurred unevenly on both sides of Longmenshan Fault zone, which are reverse faults and responsible for the Wenchuan earthquake. The majority of the landslides are distributed on the hanging wall of Longmenshan central fault ,while only 12% of the total occurring on the footwall. The higher density of landslide is located at both ends of the Longmenshan Faults as well as the middle section. Statistical studies also show the occurrence of landslides has close relationship with ground motion, slope gradient and rock properties and so on. The geological background and evolution history of Wenchuan earthquake region have controlled the local geological and topographical setting and affected the landslide distribution when the great earthquake took place. Due to the exceptionally high topographic gradient and geological features such as loose soil and fragile rocks, this region is notoriously prone to landslide.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Distribution characteristics; Geological setting; Landslide; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: earthquake magnitude; earthquake trigger; fault zone; footwall; ground motion; hanging wall; landslide; postseismic process; reverse fault; Sichuan earthquake 2008; slope dynamics; spatial distribution; topographic effect; topographic mapping; China; Longmenshan Fault Zone; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Chen, Xiaoli, Triggering factors susceptibility of earthquake-induced landslides in 1976 Longling Earthquake, Beijing Daxue Xuebao (Ziran Kexue Ban)/Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis, 45, 1, pp. 104-109, (2009); 
He, Honglin, Rupture of the MS8.0 Wenchuan earthquake along Baishahe River, Dizhen Dizhi, 30, 3, pp. 658-673, (2008); 
Huang, Runqiu, Research on development and distribution rules of geohazards induced by Wenchuan earthquake on 12th May, 2008, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 27, 12, pp. 2585-2592, (2008); 
Atlas of Seismic Hazard During Wenchuan Earthquake, (2008); 
Li, Zhiqiang, Some insights into the macro-epicenter and meizoseismal region of Wenchuan earthquake, Dizhen Dizhi, 30, 3, pp. 768-777, (2008); 
Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, (2004); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2009); 
Journal of Natural Disasters, (1997); 
Xiwei, Xu, The MS8.0 Wenchuan earthquake surface ruptures and its seismogenic structure, Dizhen Dizhi, 30, 3, pp. 597-629, (2008); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2008)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Cui, F., Xu, Q., Tan, R., Yin, Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Cui, Fangpeng (24279638600); Xu, Qiang (56506033600); Tan, Rujiao (14058972000); Yin, Yueping (55687306100)
24279638600; 56506033600; 14058972000; 55687306100
Numerical simulation of collapsing and sliding response of slope triggered by seismic dynamic action
(2011) Tongji Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Tongji University, 39 (3), pp. 445 - 450, Cited 6 times.
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-374x.2011.03.025
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79955975598&doi=10.3969%2Fj.issn.0253-374x.2011.03.025&partnerID=40&md5=5f4b48c4c3924169688c53dfad0185e9

AFFILIATIONS: College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology, Beijing, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Tianjin Municipal Engineering Design and Research Institute, Tianjin, Tianjin, China; China Geological Survey, Beijing, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: A simulation was carried out on initial collapsing-sliding and a subsequent running out process of Wangjiayan Landslide in Beichuan County during the Wenchuan Earthquake triggered by single and combined action with time difference, regionality and spatial heterogeneity of primary and secondary seismic waves based on discrete element method by taking into the consideration the fact that vertical ground motion was still evident in post-earthquake field geological investigation, and formation mechanism and key controlling factors of slope collapsing and sliding under seismic load were determined, which was different with the traditional dynamic response analysis based on a consideration of horizontal seismic load. The result shows that initial collapsing and sliding of the slope are triggered by combined action of vertical and horizontal tension, which plays a dominant role, of primary seismic wave, whereas a subsequent collision and debris flow of slope mass fractured are triggered by combined action of primary and secondary seismic wave. On the other hand, single action of primary seismic wave is the key controlling factor inducing the slope initial collapsing and sliding, and the topography near the slope is the key controlling factor leading to collision and debris flow of the slope mass fractured in later process.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Collapsing and sliding response of slope; Formation mechanism; Key controlling factors; Single and combined action with time difference; Wangjiayan Landslide
INDEX KEYWORDS: Formation mechanism; Key controlling factors; Single and combined action with time difference; Sliding response; Wangjiayan Landslide; Debris; Dynamic analysis; Dynamic response; Dynamics; Earthquakes; Landslides; Numerical methods; Seismic waves; Computer simulation
REFERENCES: Journal of Catastrophology, (2003); 
Rock Slope Dynamic Response Analysis, (2007); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2008); 
Earthquake Engineering, (2006); 
Zheng, Yingren, Analysis and discussion of failure mechanism and fracture surface of slope under earthquake, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 28, 8, pp. 1714-1723, (2009); 
Introduction of Seismic Geology and Landslide Hazard Triggered by Wenchuan Earthquake, (2009); 
Higher Rock Mechanics, (1990); 
Analytical Theory of Engineering Geology, (1994); 
Dynamic Landslide, (1995); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2001)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Chen, X.Q., Cui, P., Li, Y., Zhao, W.Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Chen, Xiaoqing (55739112600); Cui, Peng (56706923500); Li, Yong (56044366400); Zhao, Wanyu (23973928300)
55739112600; 56706923500; 56044366400; 23973928300
Emergency response to the Tangjiashan landslide-dammed lake resulting from the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake, China
(2011) Landslides, 8 (1), pp. 91 - 98, Cited 32 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s10346-010-0236-6
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79952444683&doi=10.1007%2Fs10346-010-0236-6&partnerID=40&md5=880f4229120df7aa0055e969c9866256

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Natural landslide dams triggered by earthquakes are a common feature and a significant hazard in high-relief, tectonically active areas. The great Wenchuan Earthquake of May 12, 2008 created 256 natural dams, of which 34 presented significant risks to downstream areas in the event of their uncontrolled failure. Out of the 34 large landslide dams that warranted mitigation, we discuss Tangjiashan landslide dam in detail. Emergency response to the Tangjiashan landslide-dammed lake in the following weeks and months successfully reduced the risk, and the advantages and disadvantages of various countermeasures that were applied are summarized here. Successful strategies relied on accurate scientific assessments, on timely execution of the countermeasures, and on the correct design of sluiceway (spillway) channels across the landslide dams. Retrospective assessment indicates that the following improvements would be more beneficial: (1) Sluiceway channels utilizing a combination of cross-section types, rather than simply trapezoidal in shape; (2) increased channel slope, which is more than the original gradient of the river; (3) better protection of inlets and outlets to control the planned incision rates; and (4) channels lined to better control the incision rate. We discuss applications of the concept of artificially controlled failure, and we submit these observations for the benefit of those responding to future seismic catastrophes. © 2010 Springer-Verlag.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Artificially controlled failure; Emergency response; Landslide-dammed lake; Mitigation; Wenchuan Earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Active area; Artificially controlled failure; Channel slope; Common features; Downstream areas; Emergency response; Incision rates; Landslide dam; Mitigation; Natural dam; Wenchuan Earthquake; Dams; Design; Earthquakes; Lakes; River control; Slope protection; Landslides; catastrophic event; dam; hazard assessment; landslide; river channel; Sichuan earthquake 2008; spillway; tectonic structure; China
REFERENCES: Nature Background of the Municipality of Qiang Ethnic Minority in Beichuan County, (2008); 
Proc 2nd Int Symp, (1989); 
Casagli, Nicola, Geomorphic analysis of landslide dams in the Northern Apennine, Chikei, 20, 3, pp. 219-249, (1999); 
Casagli, Nicola, Determining grain size distribution of the material composing landslide dams in the Northern Apennines: Sampling and processing methods, Engineering Geology, 69, 1-2, pp. 83-97, (2003); 
Journal of Geological Hazards and Environment Preservation, (1995); 
Chai, Hejun, The distribution, causes and effects of damming landslides in China, Journal of the Chengdu Institute of Technology, 27, 3, pp. 302-307, (2000); 
Chen, Y. J., Breach of a naturally embanked dam on Yalong River, Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 19, 5, pp. 811-818, (1992); 
Earth Science Frontiers, (2008); 
China Power, (2008); 
J Soil Water Conserv, (1988)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Fu, X., Liu, F., Wang, G., Xu, W., Zhang, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Fu, Xudong (7402205186); Liu, Fan (55717377100); Wang, Guangqian (55630098400); Xu, Wenjie (55496385700); Zhang, Jianxin (36555246500)
7402205186; 55717377100; 55630098400; 55496385700; 36555246500
Necessity of integrated methodology for hazard mitigation of quake lakes: Case study of the Wenchuan Earthquake, China
(2011) Frontiers of Architecture and Civil Engineering in China, 5 (1), pp. 1 - 10, Cited 6 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11709-011-0099-5
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79251619631&doi=10.1007%2Fs11709-011-0099-5&partnerID=40&md5=41b6c5560e831b8c58206292b5d784f7

AFFILIATIONS: Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Bureau of Hydrology, Ministry of Water Resources, P.R. China, Beijing, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: The massive 8.0-magnitude Wenchuan Earthquake triggered huge landslides, avalanches, and debris flows that blocked rivers and created 34 important quake lakes, including the Tangjiashan Quake Lake on the Tongkou River. More than half of these lakes were identified to be of moderate or high hazard levels, so activities needed to be undertaken for hazard mitigation of potential flooding. This paper presents the mitigation processes of quake lake hazards, which involve various techniques such as rapid hazard analysis, scenario-based mitigation planning, and real-time forecasting of outburst flooding for implementation actions. The shortage of hydrologic and geological data and the nature of emergency situations raise substantial challenges in the hazard mitigation of quake lakes. This paper suggests a potential approach in dealing with quake lake hazards, which integrates the automatic monitoring network, hydrologic models, and hydrodynamic models with a comprehensive indicator for hazard levels. The necessity of improving the integrated methodology is highlighted. © 2011 Higher Education Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: dam failure; emergency; hazard mitigation; quake lake; Tangjiashan
REFERENCES: Costa, John E., FORMATION AND FAILURE OF NATURAL DAMS., Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 100, 7, pp. 1054-1068, (1988); 
Meyer, William, LANDSLIDE DAMMED LAKES AT MOUNT ST. HELENS, WASHINGTON., pp. 21-41, (1986); 
Cui, Peng, The 12 May Wenchuan earthquake-induced landslide lakes: Distribution and preliminary risk evaluation, Landslides, 6, 3, pp. 209-223, (2009); 
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Xu, Qiang, Landslide dams triggered by the Wenchuan Earthquake, Sichuan Province, south west China, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 68, 3, pp. 373-386, (2009); 
Landslides Induced River Blockage and Its Hazards, (2010); 
Yang, Xingguo, Key techniques for the emergency disposal of Quake lakes, Natural Hazards, 52, 1, pp. 43-56, (2010); 
Hydrologic Analysis and Emergency Application of Barrier Lake Breaking, (2009); 
Engineering News Record, (1932); 
Digital Watershed Model, (2006)
PUBLISHER: Higher Education Press Limited Company
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Fayou, F., Kong, J., Tang, Y., Ni, Z., Cui, Y., Tian, S.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Fayou, A. (36607707800); Kong, Jiming (55793897000); Tang, Yu (37007157000); Ni, Zhenqiang (36976028800); Cui, Yun (57188824346); Tian, Shujun (36609420200)
36607707800; 55793897000; 37007157000; 36976028800; 57188824346; 36609420200
Effects of overburden on deformation and failure of anti-dip slopes under the action of seismic load
(2011) Applied Mechanics and Materials, 50-51, pp. 266 - 272, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.50-51.266
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79951597847&doi=10.4028%2Fwww.scientific.net%2FAMM.50-51.266&partnerID=40&md5=64ac97fc90c3e9f3c63658e9df6b467e

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: A large number of mountain disasters were induced by Wenchuan Earthquake, and as one type of them, the deformation and failure modes of anti-dip slopes were influenced by overburden. Under the condition of no overburden, the collapse will mainly occur; while under the overburden condition, it is the shallow slump mainly occured. Taking the landslide of Wangjia Mountain in Longmenshan Town, Pengzhou City as an example, the anti-dip slopes were stimulated by using the finite element method in this study, where the influences of overburden on deformation and failure of anti-dip slopes were analyzed under the static condition with seismic load effect. The related analysis showed that significant influences of overburden existed on the deformation and failure of slopes, resulting into great increments of slope displacement, stress and sliding distance. The analytical results were consistent with the characteristics that the large-scale deformation and failure of anti-dip slopes mainly occurred on the slopes with overburden in the Wenchuan Earthquake. © (2011) Trans Tech Publications.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Anti-dip slope; Deformation and failure; Overburden; Seismic load
INDEX KEYWORDS: Analytical results; Anti-dip slope; Large-scale deformation; Overburden; Seismic load; Sliding distances; Static conditions; Wenchuan Earthquake; Deformation; Earthquakes; Finite element method; Intelligent structures; Landforms; Quality assurance; Vibration control; Failure analysis
REFERENCES: Li, Yanfu, Slope debris flows in the Wenchuan Earthquake area, Journal of Mountain Science, 7, 3, pp. 226-233, (2010); 
Cui, Peng, The 12 May Wenchuan earthquake-induced landslide lakes: Distribution and preliminary risk evaluation, Landslides, 6, 3, pp. 209-223, (2009); 
Huang, Runqiu, Development and distribution of geohazards triggered by the 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake in China, Science in China, Series E: Technological Sciences, 52, 4, pp. 810-819, (2009); 
Xu, Qiang, Landslide dams triggered by the Wenchuan Earthquake, Sichuan Province, south west China, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 68, 3, pp. 373-386, (2009); 
Wang, Chunzhen, Preliminary study on the secondary mountain disaster chains induced by Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 41, SUPPL., pp. 84-88, (2009); 
Geology and Exploration, (2009); 
Cui, Peng, Distribution and risk analysis of dammed lakes reduced by Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 41, 3, pp. 35-42, (2009); 
Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, (2009); 
Kong, Jiming, Typical case study on the development characteristics of fragmentation-sliding seismic landslide, Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 41, 3, pp. 119-124, (2009); 
Bommer, Julian J., Earthquake-induced landslides in Central America, Engineering Geology, 63, 3-4, pp. 189-220, (2002)
SPONSORS: Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Nanyang Normal University, Hebei Polytechnic University, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Hunan Institute of Engineering
CONFERENCE NAME: International Conference on Intelligent Structure and Vibration Control, ISVC 2011
CONFERENCE DATE: 2011-01-14 through 2011-01-16
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zhang, H.-H., Ma, Y., Zhang, J.-N., Li, L., Yu, B.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhang, Huihui (57864886200); Ma, Yu (55545892700); Zhang, Jiannan (57276677800); Li, Li (55730912500); Yu, Bin (37058094800)
57864886200; 55545892700; 57276677800; 55730912500; 37058094800
Study on the disaster of earthquake debris flows of Xiaogou gully, Hongkou, Dujiangyan in Wenchuan earthquake area, Sichuan, China
(2011) Journal of Chengdu University of Technology (Science and Technology Edition), 38 (1), pp. 42 - 48, Cited 4 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79953142913&partnerID=40&md5=8087222de93a537e0bb2e43e1663d00f

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: A number of earthquake debris flows were caused by the Wenchuan earthquake. This paper discusses the characteristics and happening conditions of the typical sequential debris flows in the earthquake area. Through field observation of the Xiaogou gully basin located in Hongkou, Dujiangyan, Sichuan Province and laboratory experimental data analysis, it reaches the conclusion that first, many landslides were triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake on May 12, 2008 and many potential landslides lost their balance in the earthquake but were not triggered in the Xiaogou gully basin. Second, the landslides were mainly triggered by heavy rainfalls. The channel was blocked by landslides and formed some dams and lakes. Heavy rainfall and floods broke these dams, formed strong floods, eroded the bed of the channel, and therefore formed debris flows. Right now, there are still many potential landslides in the Xiaogou gully basin. They are easily triggered by heavy rainfalls block the channel with the effect of flood, and finally form debris flows. Because of their potentiality and concealment, these debris flows in the Xiaogou gully are much more dangerous.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Earthquake debris flow; Landslide; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: debris flow; gully; landslide; Sichuan earthquake 2008; slope failure; slope stability; China; Dujiangyan; Sichuan
REFERENCES: undefined, (2011); 
undefined, (2011); 
undefined, (2011); 
undefined, (2011); 
undefined, (2011); 
undefined, (2011); 
undefined, (2011); 
undefined, (2011); 
undefined, (2011); 
undefined, (2011)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wang, X., Nie, G., Wang, S.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wang, Xiuying (55736957400); Nie, Gaozhong (8728895400); Wang, Song (59640945000)
55736957400; 8728895400; 59640945000
Evaluation criteria of landslide hazards induced by Wenchuan earthquake using fuzzy mathematical method
(2011) Yantu Lixue/Rock and Soil Mechanics, 32 (2), pp. 403 - 410, Cited 9 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79953072567&partnerID=40&md5=90ab74c3d8930ea43cff52a0ef480626

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Crustal Dynamics, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing, China; Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China; China Earthquake Networks Center, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: The Newmark accumulated displacement evaluation model was built based on the ground motion data obtained from the Wenchuan main shock distributed along the Longmenshan area. The fuzzy membership functions were used to calculate the degree of memberships when an accumulated displacement was obtained from the evaluation model; and the grade of landslide risks can be decided with the help of the degree of memberships. To quantify the evaluation results, the fuzzy conversion approach was used to convert the degree of memberships into a probabilistic number; and by this way, more depth calculation can be carried out. As an example, the landslides distribution induced by the Wenchuan earthquake was given to compare with the evaluation results, which show the evaluation model and the quantified probabilistic numbers calculated for each region are fit well with the real case. Analysis shows it is more accurate to describe the regional landslides hazards distribution in probabilistic way, which can be achieved by the fuzzy mathematical method.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Earthquake-induced landslide; Evaluation model; Fuzzy conversion; Ground motion parameter; Membership function
INDEX KEYWORDS: Degree of membership; Evaluation criteria; Evaluation models; Evaluation results; Fuzzy conversion; Fuzzy membership function; Ground motion parameter; Ground motions; Landslide hazard; Landslides hazards; Main shock; Mathematical method; Probabilistic numbers; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes; Landslides; Parameter estimation; Probability distributions; Membership functions
REFERENCES: Journal of Catastrophology, (2003); 
Keefer, David K., LANDSLIDES CAUSED BY EARTHQUAKES., Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 95, 4, pp. 406-421, (1984); 
Science Technology Review, (2009); 
Liu, Chuanzheng, Disasters induced by the Wenchuan earthquakes, Sichuan, China, and geo-environmental safety, Geological Bulletin of China, 27, 11, pp. 1907-1912, (2008); 
Miles, Scott B., Rigorous landslide hazard zonation using Newmark's method and stochastic ground motion simulation, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 18, 4, pp. 305-323, (1999); 
Romeo, Roberto Walter, Seismically induced landslide displacements: A predictive model, Engineering Geology, 58, 3-4, pp. 337-351, (2000); 
Jibson, Randall W., A method for producing digital probabilistic seismic landslide hazard maps, Engineering Geology, 58, 3-4, pp. 271-289, (2000); 
Jibson, Randall W., Regression models for estimating coseismic landslide displacement, Engineering Geology, 91, 2-4, pp. 209-218, (2007); 
Wilson, Raymond Clark, PREDICTING AREAL LIMITS OF EARTHQUAKE-INDUCED LANDSLIDING., Geological Survey, Professional Paper, pp. 317-345, (1985); 
Map Showing Slope Stability During Earthquakes in San Mateo County California, (1985)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Cui, P., Hu, K.H., Zhuang, J., Yang, Y., Zhang, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Cui, Peng (56706923500); Hu, Kaiheng (55648903800); Zhuang, Jianqi (26538426500); Yang, Yu (7409386549); Zhang, Jianqiang (35212366900)
56706923500; 55648903800; 26538426500; 7409386549; 35212366900
Prediction of debris-flow danger area by combining hydrological and inundation simulation methods
(2011) Journal of Mountain Science, 8 (1), pp. 1 - 9, Cited 75 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11629-011-2040-8
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79951870643&doi=10.1007%2Fs11629-011-2040-8&partnerID=40&md5=cba6d59c3530212a5b99ce6edc6f1efe

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Debris flows have caused serious human casualties and economic losses in the regions strongly affected by the Ms8. 0 Wenchuan earthquake of 2008. Debris flow mitigation and risk assessment is a key issue for reconstruction. The existing methods of inundation simulation are based on historical disasters and have no power of prediction. The rainflood method can not yield detailed flow hydrograph and does not meet the need of inundation simulation. In this paper, the process of water flow was studied by using the Arc-SCS model combined with hydraulic method, and then the debris flow runoff process was calculated using the empirical formula combining the result from Arc-SCS. The peak discharge and runoff duration served as input of inundation simulation. Then, the dangerous area is predicted using kinematic wave method and Manning equation. Taking the debris flow in Huashiban gully in Beichuan County, Sichuan Province, China on 24 Sep. 2008 as example, the peak discharge of water flow and debris flow were calculated as 35.52 m3·s-1 and 215.66 m3·s-, with error of 4.15% compared to the measured values. The simulated area of debris-flow deposition was 161,500 m2, vs. the measured area of 144,097 m2, in error of 81.75%. The simulated maximum depth was 12.3 m, consistent with the real maximum depth between 10 and 15 m according to the field survey. The minor error is mainly due to the flow impact on buildings and variations in cross-section configuration. The present methodology can be applied to predict debris flow magnitude and evaluate its risk in other watersheds inthe earthquake area. © 2011 Science Press, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, CAS and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Arc-SCS model; Debris flow; Inundation simulation; Risk analysis; Wenchuan earthquake
REFERENCES: Aleotti, Pietro, A warning system for rainfall-induced shallow failures, Engineering Geology, 73, 3-4, pp. 247-265, (2004); 
Berti, Matteo, Experimental evidences and numerical modelling of debris flow initiated by channel runoff, Landslides, 2, 3, pp. 171-182, (2005); 
Bisson, Marina, A rapid method to assess fire-related debris flow hazard in the Mediterranean region: An example from Sicily (southern Italy), International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 7, 3, pp. 217-231, (2005); 
Brater, Ernest F., Handbook of hydraulics for the solution of hydraulic engineering problems., (1976); 
Chinese Science Bulletin, (1992); 
Cui, Peng, The Wenchuan Earthquake (May 12, 2008), Sichuan Province, China, and resulting geohazards, Natural Hazards, 56, 1, pp. 19-36, (2011); 
Cui, Peng, Characteristics and countermeasures of debris flow in Wenchuan area after the earthquake, Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 42, 5, pp. 10-19, (2010); 
Hu, Kaiheng, Characteristic rainfall for warning of debris flows, Journal of Mountain Science, 7, 3, pp. 207-214, (2010); 
Journal of Mountain Sciences, (2003); 
Iverson, Richard M., The physics of debris flows, Reviews of Geophysics, 35, 3, pp. 245-296, (1997)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Yin, Y., Zheng, W.M., Li, X., Sun, P., Li, B.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Yin, Yueping (55687306100); Zheng, Wanmo (36009664800); Li, Xiaochun (55718056400); Sun, Ping (26428429500); Li, Bin Qiaob (26643217800)
55687306100; 36009664800; 55718056400; 26428429500; 26643217800
Catastrophic landslides associated with the M8.0 Wenchuan earthquake
(2011) Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 70 (1), pp. 15 - 32, Cited 108 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s10064-010-0334-7
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79551585387&doi=10.1007%2Fs10064-010-0334-7&partnerID=40&md5=b085f10a673452b05a58e2d63f5be0d9

AFFILIATIONS: China Geological Survey, Beijing, Beijing, China; Chengdu Center, China Geological Survey, Beijing, Beijing, China; Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Numerous earthquake-induced landslides occurred in the Longmenshan tectonic belt associated with the 12th May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake where the vertical acceleration was greater than the horizontal ground motion. Many of these landslides originated in the steep mountain terrain which amplified the effect of the ground shaking. Three typical landslides are discussed: the Niujuangou sturzstrom, the Chengxi rock slide and the 1,100 million m3 Daguangbao rock slide. Having discussed the individual slides and some previously published models, a mechanism to explain both the very fast velocity of the slides and their long run-out distance is proposed, taking into account aerodynamic principles. The model postulates that air trapped in the steep-sided valley by the collapsing rock mass forms a "cushion-effect" on which the debris moves. © 2010 Springer-Verlag.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Acceleration; Air cushion; Catastrophic landslides; Dammed lake; Sturzstorm; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Air cushion; Catastrophic landslides; Dammed lake; Sturzstorm; Wenchuan Earthquake; Air cushioning; Debris; Earthquakes; Lakes; Landforms; Rocks; Landslides; acceleration; aerodynamics; catastrophic event; ground motion; landslide; Sichuan earthquake 2008; China; Longmen Mountains
REFERENCES: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, (1981); 
Bull Seismol Soc Am, (1979); 
Chen, Hongey, Relationship between earthquake disturbance, tropical rainstorms and debris movement: An overview from Taiwan, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 68, 2, pp. 161-186, (2009); 
Collier, C. J., A procedure for combining vertical and horizontal seismic action effects, Journal of Earthquake Engineering, 5, 4, pp. 521-539, (2001); 
Cruden, David M., Landslide types and processes, Special Report - National Research Council, Transportation Research Board, 247, pp. 36-75, (1996); 
Elnashai, Amr S., Procedure and spectra for analysis of rc structures subjected to strong vertical earthquake loads, Journal of Earthquake Engineering, 1, 1, pp. 121-155, (1997); 
Bergsturz Und Menschenleben, (1932); 
Hsü, Kenneth Jinghwa, Catastrophic debris streams (sturzstroms) generated by rockfalls, Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 86, 1, pp. 129-140, (1975); 
Beijing Pp, (2005); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2008)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Dong, J.-J., Tung, Y.-H., Chen, C.-C., Liao, J.-J., Pan, Y.-W.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Dong, J. J. (24821598000); Tung, Yuhsiang (26322059300); Chen, Chienchih (57137014600); Liao, Jyh-Jong Jong (7402988493); Pan, Yii Wen (7403340003)
24821598000; 26322059300; 57137014600; 7402988493; 7403340003
Logistic regression model for predicting the failure probability of a landslide dam
(2011) Engineering Geology, 117 (1-2), pp. 52 - 61, Cited 143 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2010.10.004
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-78650567479&doi=10.1016%2Fj.enggeo.2010.10.004&partnerID=40&md5=81812e892c9c089789d9abd6325ea382

AFFILIATIONS: Graduate Institute of Applied Geology, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Geophysics, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Civil Engineering and Hazard Mitigation Research Center, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
ABSTRACT: Landslides may obstruct river flow and result in landslide dams; they occur in many regions of the world. The formation and disappearance of natural lakes involve a complex earth-surface process. According to the lessons learned from many historical cases, landslide dams usually break down rapidly soon after the formation of the lake. Regarding hazard mitigation, prompt evaluation of the stability of the landslide dam is crucial. Based on a Japanese dataset, this study utilized the logistic regression method and the jack-knife technique to identify the important geomorphic variables, including peak flow (or catchment area), dam height, width and length in sequence, affecting the stability of landslide dams. The resulting high overall prediction power demonstrates the robustness of the proposed logistic regression models. Accordingly, the failure probability of a landslide dam can also be evaluated based on this approach. Ten landslide dams (formed after the 1999 Chi-Chi Earthquake, the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake and 2009 Typhoon Morakot) with complete dam geometry records were adopted as examples of evaluating the failure probability. The stable Tsao-Ling landslide dam, which was induced by the Chi-Chi earthquake, has a failure probability of 27.68% using a model incorporating the catchment area and dam geometry. On the contrary, the Tangjiashan landslide dam, which was artificially breached soon after its formation during the Wenchuan earthquake, has a failure probability as high as 99.54%. Typhoon Morakot induced the Siaolin landslide dam, which was breached within one hour after its formation and has a failure probability of 71.09%. Notably, the failure probability of the earthquake induced cases is reduced if the catchment area in the prediction model is replaced by the peak flow of the dammed stream for these cases. In contrast, the predicted failure probability of the heavy rainfall-induced case increases if the high flow rate of the dammed stream is incorporated into the prediction model. Consequently, it is suggested that the prediction model using the peak flow as causative factor should be used to evaluate the stability of a landslide dam if the peak flow is available. Together with an estimation of the impact of an outburst flood from a landslide-dammed lake, the failure probability of the landslide dam predicted by the proposed logistic regression model could be useful for evaluating the related risk. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Failure probability; Geomorphic variables; Landslide dam; Logistic regression
INDEX KEYWORDS: Break down; Catchment area; ChiChi earthquake; Dam height; Data sets; Failure Probability; Geomorphic variables; Hazard mitigations; Heavy rainfall; High-flow rate; Landslide dam; Logistic regression; Logistic regression method; Logistic regression models; Peak flows; Prediction model; Related risk; River flow; Surface process; Tangjiashan landslides; Wenchuan Earthquake; Catchments; Earthquakes; Forecasting; Hurricanes; Hydraulics; Lakes; Landslides; Mathematical models; Rain; Regression analysis; Risk perception; Runoff; Dams; catchment; dam failure; fluvial geomorphology; lake evolution; landslide; peak flow; probability; regression analysis; risk assessment; stability analysis
REFERENCES: Atkinson, Peter M., Generalised linear modelling of susceptibility to landsliding in the central Apennines, Italy, Computers and Geosciences, 24, 4, pp. 373-385, (1998); 
Ayalew, Lulseged, The application of GIS-based logistic regression for landslide susceptibility mapping in the Kakuda-Yahiko Mountains, Central Japan, Geomorphology, 65, 1-2, pp. 15-31, (2005); 
Beguería, Santiago, Validation and evaluation of predictive models in hazard assessment and risk management, Natural Hazards, 37, 3, pp. 315-329, (2006); 
undefined, (1999); 
Çan, Tolga, Susceptibility assessments of shallow earthflows triggered by heavy rainfall at three catchments by logistic regression analyses, Geomorphology, 72, 1-4, pp. 250-271, (2005); 
Carrara, Alberto, GIS techniques and statistical models in evaluating landslide hazard, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 16, 5, pp. 427-445, (1991); 
Carrara, Alberto, Comparing models of debris-flow susceptibility in the alpine environment, Geomorphology, 94, 3-4, pp. 353-378, (2008); 
Casagli, Nicola, Geomorphic analysis of landslide dams in the Northern Apennine, Chikei, 20, 3, pp. 219-249, (1999); 
Chang, Kangtsung, Modeling typhoon- and earthquake-induced landslides in a mountainous watershed using logistic regression, Geomorphology, 89, 3-4, pp. 335-347, (2007); 
Chang, Kangtsung, Analysing the relationship between typhoon-triggered landslides and critical rainfall conditions, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 33, 8, pp. 1261-1271, (2008)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Huang, W., Yue, Z., Cao, Z., Pender, G.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Huang, Wei (56416757900); Yue, Zhiyuan (15849849800); Cao, Zhixian (7402432103); Pender, Gareth (7004057746)
56416757900; 15849849800; 7402432103; 7004057746
Coupled 2D modelling of tangjiashan landslide dam breach
(2011), pp. 4451 - 4458, Cited 1 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85066126229&partnerID=40&md5=77168c02e172cfb78def6d7332a42920

AFFILIATIONS: Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Changjiang Waterway Planning Design and Research Institute, Wuhan, China; School of the Built Environment, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
ABSTRACT: The Tangjiashan landslide dam, generated by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan Province, is composed of heterogeneous sediments. Simplified mathematical models have been used to model the dam breach and the flood. However, it remains hard to identify the errors due to simplifications in the models, rendering the agreement between modelling and observations open to question. Here a physically enhanced, coupled 2D mathematical model is extended by implementing a multiple-sized sediment transport model for graded sediments in order to resolve the Tangjiashan landslide dam breach and the flood. The model is built upon the complete shallow water hydrodynamic equations and the HLLC approximate Riemann solver. Both erosion and mass collapse are accounted for. In comparison with the observed data, the widening and deepening of the breach as well as the flood hydrographs are reproduced rather well by the present model when the heterogeneity of the dam material is properly incorporated. © 34th IAHR Congress 2011. All rights reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Dam breach; Landslide dam; Mathematic model; Tangjiashan
INDEX KEYWORDS: Dams; Earthquakes; Floods; Hydraulics; Landslides; Sediment transport; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Approximate Riemann solver; Dam breach; Landslide dam; Mathematic model; Sediment transport model; Simplified mathematical model; Tangjiashan; Water resources
REFERENCES: Baker, Victor R., Paleohydrology of late pleistocene superflooding, Altay Mountains, Siberia, Science, 259, 5093, pp. 348-350, (1993); 
Chang, Dongsheng, Simulation of the erosion process of landslide dams due to overtopping considering variations in soil erodibility along depth, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 10, 4, pp. 933-946, (2010); 
First IAHR European Congress, (2010); 
Chen, Y. J., Breach of a naturally embanked dam on Yalong River, Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 19, 5, pp. 811-818, (1992); 
Costa, John E., FORMATION AND FAILURE OF NATURAL DAMS., Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 100, 7, pp. 1054-1068, (1988); 
Cruden, David M., The 1939 Montagneuse River landslide, Alberta, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 34, 5, pp. 799-810, (1997); 
Dai, Fuchu, The 1786 earthquake-triggered landslide dam and subsequent dam-break flood on the Dadu River, southwestern China, Geomorphology, 65, 3-4, pp. 205-221, (2005); 
Korup, Oliver, Recent research on landslide dams - A literature review with special attention to New Zealand, Progress in Physical Geography, 26, 2, pp. 206-235, (2002); 
Liang, Qiuhua, Flood simulation using a well-balanced shallow flow model, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 136, 9, pp. 669-675, (2010); 
Liu, Ning, Draining the Tangjiashan barrier lake, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 136, 11, pp. 914-923, (2010)
PUBLISHER: International Association for Hydro-Environment Engineering and Research (IAHR)
CONFERENCE NAME: 34th IAHR Congress 2011 - Balance and Uncertainty: Water in a Changing World, Incorporating the 33rd Hydrology and Water Resources Symposium and the 10th Conference on Hydraulics in Water Engineering
CONFERENCE DATE: 2011-06-26 through 2011-07-01
CONFERENCE LOCATION: Brisbane
CONFERENCE CODE: 147840
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wang, X., Wang, D.-W.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wang, Xiuying (55736957400); Wang, Dengwei (55846913400)
55736957400; 55846913400
Relationships between the Wenchuan earthquake-induced landslide and peak ground velocity, Sichuan, China
(2011) Geological Bulletin of China, 30 (1), pp. 159 - 165, Cited 8 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84883596672&partnerID=40&md5=79c79336cd2a0e2e28b120b1d866b07a

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Crustal Dynamics, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing, China; Xichang Seismic Station, Earthquake Administration of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Based on the data of landslides induced by the Wenchuan earthquake and of strong ground motion, the relationship between earthquake-induced landslides and PGV is analyzed and some conclusions are obtained as following: (1) There exists an obvious positive relation between earthquake-induced landslides and PGV, therefore, PGV can be used to judge the failure result of slopes after an earthquake. (2) The PGV threshold, which can trigger landslides in the Longmenshan earthquake-hit areas, is about 0.5m/s. (3) The upper limit of PGV is about 1.5m/s in the Longmenshan areas. (4) An attenuation law of PGV is built for the Longmenshan areas, which can be used to estimate the area affected by earthquake-induced landslides. Consistency is found if ground motion parameters are used to measure earthquake-induced landslides, which can compensate the deficiencies of earthquake intensity. Research result obtained from this paper can be applied to the rapid hazard evaluation work after an earthquake and provides reference information for emergency rescue decision making.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Earthquake-induced landslide; Ground motion parameters; Hazard evaluation; Peak ground velocity; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: earthquake intensity; ground motion; hazard assessment; landslide; Sichuan earthquake 2008; slope failure; strong motion; China; Sichuan
REFERENCES: undefined, (2008); 
undefined, (2008); 
undefined, (2008); 
undefined, (2008); 
undefined, (1979); 
Northwestern Seismological Journal, (1994); 
undefined, (1999); 
undefined, (2003); 
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, (1983); 
Wilson, Raymond Clark, PREDICTING AREAL LIMITS OF EARTHQUAKE-INDUCED LANDSLIDING., Geological Survey, Professional Paper, pp. 317-345, (1985)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Ridong, C., Xingnian, L., Shuyou, C., Zhixue, G.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Ridong, Chen (53981947500); Xingnian, Liu (53982371300); Shuyou, Cao (6507890185); Zhixue, Guo (57500179000)
53981947500; 53982371300; 6507890185; 57500179000
Numerical simulation of deposit in confluence zone of debris flow and mainstream
(2011) Science China Technological Sciences, 54 (10), pp. 2618 - 2628, Cited 15 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11431-011-4510-1
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80055090935&doi=10.1007%2Fs11431-011-4510-1&partnerID=40&md5=06ea5cf05ccd20752947cf86c4b594eb

AFFILIATIONS: Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Abundant solid materials were formed as a result of landslide and collapse due to Wenchuan earthquake. The solid source around mountains would form a debris flow when appropriate rain condition occurs. Such a debris flow is structurally very large and strong, and the river flow can hardly wash away the deposit when the debris flow enters into the mainstream. As a result, the deposit on the river bed due to debris flow will cause a series of hazards. Based on the previous researches and relevant data, this paper simplified the interaction between debris flow and current of the main river, and adopted the finite element characteristic-based-split algorithm which is favorable to the stabilization of dealing with the convection. Finally, the numerical model of the confluence of debris flow deposit and main river was developed, and the deposit progress of the mega-debris flow from Wenjiagou in Mianyuan river was reproduced. Furthermore, the influence of the deposit on the flow route of the main river, and distribution of velocity and water depth were analyzed. The results showed that the simulation deposit terrain qualitatively agreed with the field data through comparison, including the deposit area and depth distribution. Furthermore, the improvement of the model in future was discussed. © Science China Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Confluence zone; Debris flow; FEM; Torrential flood
INDEX KEYWORDS: Debris; Deposits; Earthquakes; Finite element method; Numerical models; Characteristic based splits; Debris flow deposits; Debris flows; Depth distribution; Distribution of velocity; Solid material; Solid sources; Wenchuan Earthquake; Rivers
REFERENCES: Journal of Natural Disasters, (2000); 
Liu, Xingnian, Physical modeling case study on sediment disasters of waterpower stations in mountain rivers, Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 37, SUPPL., pp. 1-6, (2005); 
Dissertation of Doctoral Degree, (2000); 
Observation and Research of Jiangjia Ravine in Yunnan, (1990); 
Journal of China Hydrology, (2006); 
Journal of Sediment Research, (2007); 
Li, Tiejian, Soil erosion and sediment transport in the gullied Loess Plateau: Scale effects and their mechanisms, Science in China, Series E: Technological Sciences, 52, 5, pp. 1283-1292, (2009); 
Fu, Xudong, Sediment delivery ratio and its uncertainties on flood event scale: Quantification for the Lower Yellow River, Science China Technological Sciences, 53, 3, pp. 854-862, (2010); 
Chin Sci Bull, (1994); 
Hübl, Johannes, Two-dimensional simulation of two viscous debris flows in Austria, Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part C: Solar, Terrestrial and Planetary Science, 26, 9, pp. 639-644, (2001)
PUBLISHER: Springer Verlag
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Niu, L., Li, H.-B., Yang, F.W., Zou, F., Mo, Z.Z., Zhu, X.M.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Niu, Lei (59856707700); Li, Haibo (56388561200); Yang, F. W. (57198993761); Zou, Fei (41862978500); Mo, Zhenze (42962023900); Zhu, X. M. (57199709070)
59856707700; 56388561200; 57198993761; 41862978500; 42962023900; 57199709070
Numerical analysis of landslide-debris flow caused by earthquake based on particle flow method
(2011) Procedia Engineering, 12, pp. 204 - 209, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.proeng.2011.05.032
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80052997022&doi=10.1016%2Fj.proeng.2011.05.032&partnerID=40&md5=8e36e81000aa673fbb839b4d46c5d8c2

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Wuhan, China
ABSTRACT: Numerical simulation of the whole processing of landslide-debris flow caused by earthquake is conducted using PFC. The seismic wave of Wenchuan earthquake is applied to the present landslide-debris flow model. Four stages consisting of pregnant stage, trigger stage, high speed movement stage and deposit stage are reported and analyzed. Particular features of movement of the landslide-debris flow model such as tension crack, blank zone and adverse grade creep are also illustrated. © 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Landslide-debris flow; Particle flow method; Wehchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Debris; Geophysics; Landslides; Numerical methods; Debris flows; High Speed; Particle flow methods; Tension cracks; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes
REFERENCES: Keefer, David K., LANDSLIDES CAUSED BY EARTHQUAKES., Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 95, 4, pp. 406-421, (1984); 
Rock Slope Dynamic Response Analysis, (2007); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2008); 
Geological Society of America Bulletin, (1968); 
Prestininzi, Alberto, Earthquake-induced ground failures in Italy, Engineering Geology, 58, 3-4, pp. 387-397, (2000); 
Dynamic of Slope, (1973); 
Large Scale Landslides Induced by the Wenchuan Earthquake, (2009)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier Ltd
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Tang, W.H., Zhang, L.M.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Tang, Wilson Hon Chung (24537888200); Zhang, Limin Min (58883008100)
24537888200; 58883008100
Development of a risk-based landslide warning system
(2011) Geotechnical Special Publication, (224 GSP), pp. 25 - 49, Cited 13 times.
DOI: 10.1061/41183(418)2
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-80051893828&doi=10.1061%2F41183%28418%292&partnerID=40&md5=a44c2e126db95667679b10d11bf1986d

AFFILIATIONS: Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
ABSTRACT: A risk-based, real-time landslide warning system is being developed for Provincial Road 303 near the epicenter of the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake. The essence of the warning system is to warn the traffic or construction teams of the risks in different parts of the road caused by an imminent storm or ongoing rainfall event. The terrains along the road are divided into cells based on types of hazards (landslides, rockfalls, or debris flows) and geomorphic considerations. Digital elevation models for the cells have been constructed based on results of remote sensing and local engineering surveys. A rain-gauge network has been established to measure real time rainfall distributions over the cells, considering changes in elevation and wind direction. The occurrence probability of landslides in each cell in response to a recorded rainfall event is evaluated using standard reliability methods. Based on such failure probabilities, it is possible to produce a real-time risk map along the road. The warning levels for different cells are then determined separately by further considering their respective total potential loss of lives and expected mortality rate. © 2011 ASCE.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: China; Earthquakes; Geohazards; Landslides; Risk management
INDEX KEYWORDS: Cell engineering; Cells; Cytology; Earthquakes; Gages; Geophysics; Highway administration; Landslides; Maps; Precipitation (meteorology); Rain; Rain gages; Remote sensing; Risk management; Risks; Roads and streets; Rock bursts; Transportation; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; China; Digital elevation model; Failure Probability; Geo-hazards; Occurrence probability; Rainfall distribution; Reliability methods; Risk assessment
REFERENCES: Apip, Apip, A distributed hydrological-geotechnical model using satellite-derived rainfall estimates for shallow landslide prediction system at a catchment scale, Landslides, 7, 3, pp. 237-258, (2010); 
Landslide risk management concepts and guidelines, Australian Geomechanics Journal, 35, 1, pp. 49-92, (2000); 
Baum, Rex L., Early warning of rainfall-induced shallow landslides and debris flows in the USA, Landslides, 7, 3, pp. 259-272, (2010); 
Analisi Dei Debris Flow in Alcuni Bacini Campione Dell Alta Valle Di Susa, (1999); 
U S Geological Survey Professional Paper, (1975); 
Casagli, Nicola, Monitoring, prediction, and early warning using ground-based radar interferometry, Landslides, 7, 3, pp. 291-301, (2010); 
Chang, S. Y., Debris flow detection using image processing techniques, International Conference on Debris-Flow Hazards Mitigation: Mechanics, Prediction, and Assessment, Proceedings, pp. 549-560, (2007); 
Chau, Kam Tim, Rockfall Hazard Analysis for Hong Kong Based on Rockfall Inventory, Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 36, 5, pp. 383-408, (2003); 
Cheung, Raymond Wai Man, Reliability of deteriorating slopes, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering - ASCE, 131, 5, pp. 589-597, (2005); 
Cheung, Raymond Wai Man, Realistic assessment of slope reliability for effective landslide hazard management, Geotechnique, 55, 1, pp. 85-94, (2005)
PUBLISHER: American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) onlinejls@asce.org
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Yang, G., Cheng, S., Yu, H., Zhang, L., Gao, Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Yang, Gang (57075284200); Cheng, Song (7404685011); Yu, Hui (55515499400); Zhang, Li (56283286100); Gao, Yongheng (23018740900)
57075284200; 7404685011; 55515499400; 56283286100; 23018740900
Notice of Retraction: Changes in soil physical properties of forest floors in the Wenchuan earthquake-induced landslides
(2011), art. no. 5781592, Cited 1 times.
DOI: 10.1109/icbbe.2011.5781592
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79960151193&doi=10.1109%2Ficbbe.2011.5781592&partnerID=40&md5=9b52524df2357826dcd397e9dc943e61

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory of Mountain Environment Evolvement and Regulation, Chengdu, China; Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
ABSTRACT: A strong earthquake seriously disturbs local soil-forest ecosystems. However, the information is little, especially for how changes in soil physical properties of forest floors in earthquakeinduced landslide areas. It is useful for us to know how difficult naturally ecological restoration is in the disaster areas. Thus, an experiment was conducted in the northern section of fault belt formed by the Wenchuan Earthquake of China. 15 plots with 20 m × 20 m in size were set up in Cupressus funebris and Cryptomeria fortunei plantations located in landslide and nonmoved areas near the fault belt. The landslide and non-moved plots were almost near from each other. Within each of the plots, five points at center and near four corners were determined for soil sampling. Each of soil samples was collected from 0-10 cm, >10-20 cm and >20-40 cm depths at each of the points in all the plots. The samples were taken in the June and October, 2009. Soil bulk density, total porosity, capillary porosity, non-capillary porosity, water content, saturated water content, capillary moisture capacity and field water capacity were measured in the lab. The study revealed that bulk density increased and total porosity, capillary porosity, water content, saturated water content, capillary moisture capacity and field water capacity decreased in the landslide soils compared to the non-moved soils. All the properties were not different in the three layers in both landslide and non-moved soils. Cupressus funebris soil had higher bulk density only and lower the other properties than did Cryptomeria fortunei soil. All the properties had no seasonal changes in 2009. These results indicate soil structure more seriously damaged in the landslide areas, the soils became tightening and drying, but the changes differed with various forests. Cupressus funebris soil had a weaker ability of water retention and the soil-forest ecosystems of the species would be more variable in the future. © 2011 IEEE.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Earthquake; Forest; Landslide; Soil physical property
INDEX KEYWORDS: Belts; Biomedical engineering; Disasters; Earthquakes; Ecosystems; Faulting; Floors; Forestry; Landslides; Porosity; Technology transfer; Water content; Capillary porosity; Earthquake-induced landslides; Ecological restoration; Forest; Soil bulk density; Soil physical property; Strong earthquakes; Wenchuan Earthquake; Soils; Biometrics; China; Earth Movement; Forests; Moisture Content; Physical Properties; Soil
REFERENCES: China Statistic Database; 
Determination of Forest Soil Water Physical Properties, (1999); 
Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas, (2005); 
Chinese Geological Education, (2008); 
Res Soil Water Conserv, (2007); 
Acta Pedologica Sinica, (2008); 
Miransari, Mohammad, Using arbuscular mycorrhiza to reduce the stressful effects of soil compaction on corn (Zea mays L.) growth, Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 39, 8, pp. 2014-2026, (2007); 
Pupin, Breno, Microbial alterations of the soil influenced by induced compaction, Revista Brasileira de Ciencia do Solo, 33, 5, pp. 1207-1213, (2009)
PUBLISHER: IEEE Computer Society
DOCUMENT TYPE: Retracted
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wang, X., Nie, G., Wang, S.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wang, Xiuying (55736957400); Nie, Gaozhong (8728895400); Wang, Song (59640945000)
55736957400; 8728895400; 59640945000
Ground motion acceleration criterion for judging landslide induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake
(2011) Acta Seismologica Sinica, 33 (1), pp. 82 - 90, Cited 8 times.
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-37822011.01.007
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79958837676&doi=10.3969%2Fj.issn.0253-37822011.01.007&partnerID=40&md5=9e51dc7bb80f2469712a7866cd47f7c6

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Crustal Dynamics, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing, China; Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China; China Earthquake Networks Center, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: By analyzing strong ground motion records obtained from the 2008 Wenchuan M<inf>s</inf>8.0 earthquake, a ground motion acceleration parameter, named Maximum Critical Acceleration (MCA), is given in this paper. Analyzed result shows that the parameter MCA is more relevant to earthquake-induced landslide than PGA, and by using it we may solve the problems encountered in using PGA criterion to judge whether landslide can be triggered during earthquake. The MCA attenuation relation is built based on the data from the Wenchuan earthquake in Longmenshan mountain area. The appraised landslide area following the attenuation relation well fits the actual landslide distribution in the Wenchuan earthquake-hit area, indicating that this parameter is suitable for evaluating earthquake-induced landslide. Comparing MCA directly with slope critical acceleration may determine whether landslides can be triggered or not, simplifying the judging process of earthquake-induced landslide. The conclusion is that this parameter can be applied to the earthquake-induced landslides evaluation as an earthquake triggering factor.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Earthquake-induced landslide; Ground motion acceleration; Ground motion record; Maximum Critical Acceleration; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: acceleration; earthquake trigger; ground motion; landslide; seismic attenuation; Sichuan earthquake 2008; strong motion; trigger mechanism; China; Longmen Mountains
REFERENCES: undefined, (2011); 
undefined, (2011); 
undefined, (2011); 
undefined, (2011); 
undefined, (2011); 
undefined, (2011); 
undefined, (2011); 
undefined, (2011); 
undefined, (2011); 
undefined, (2011)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zhang, L.M., Xu, Y., Huang, R., Chang, D.S.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhang, Limin Min (58883008100); Xu, Yao (35369600500); Huang, Runqiu (55835407700); Chang, Dongsheng (36088467500)
58883008100; 35369600500; 55835407700; 36088467500
Particle flow and segregation in a giant landslide event triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China
(2011) Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 11 (4), pp. 1153 - 1162, Cited 68 times.
DOI: 10.5194/nhess-11-1153-2011
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79955377395&doi=10.5194%2Fnhess-11-1153-2011&partnerID=40&md5=b9f8d195a6866da0736ecb2b89dbb411

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: During the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, a large landslide of approximately 30 million m3occurred at Donghekou with a particle run-out distance of over 2000 m. This paper presents fascinating particle flow and segregation characteristics in the landslide process found through field investigation of changes in the soil particle size, density, and fabric along the particle movement paths. The soil particles experienced projection, long-distance flying, sliding, and rolling. Trajectory segregation, inverse grading, and particle crushing were found in the landslide event, which contributed to the heterogeneity of the soil deposits. In the initial deposition area, particles with larger diameters appeared to have flown longer. Materials from different sources mixed, forming more uniform debris. In the run-out area, the particle flow tended to cause large particles to travel further. However, particle disintegration and crushing led to more small particles along the movement paths and the observed characteristic flow distances of very large particles did not increase with the particle diameter, which is different from observations of an idealized granular mass flow. © 2011 Author(s).
INDEX KEYWORDS: deposition velocity; landslide; mass movement; observational method; particle size; Sichuan earthquake 2008; size distribution; trigger mechanism; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Standard Test Method for Particle Size Analysis of Soils, (1998); 
Anderson, Robert S., Grain size segregation and stratigraphy in aeolian ripples modelled with a cellular automaton, Nature, 365, 6448, pp. 740-743, (1993); 
Casagli, Nicola, Determining grain size distribution of the material composing landslide dams in the Northern Apennines: Sampling and processing methods, Engineering Geology, 69, 1-2, pp. 83-97, (2003); 
Chang, Dongsheng, Simulation of the erosion process of landslide dams due to overtopping considering variations in soil erodibility along depth, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 10, 4, pp. 933-946, (2010); 
Chang, Dongsheng, Field testing of erodibility of two landslide dams triggered by the 12 May Wenchuan earthquake, Landslides, 8, 3, pp. 321-332, (2011); 
Costa, John E., FORMATION AND FAILURE OF NATURAL DAMS., Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 100, 7, pp. 1054-1068, (1988); 
Cui, Peng, The 12 May Wenchuan earthquake-induced landslide lakes: Distribution and preliminary risk evaluation, Landslides, 6, 3, pp. 209-223, (2009); 
Davies, Timothy R.H., Large debris flows: A macro-viscous phenomenon, Acta Mechanica, 63, 1-4, pp. 161-178, (1986); 
Davies, Timothy R.H., Debris flow surges - a laboratory investigation, Mitteilungen - Versuchsanstat fur Wasserbau, Hydrologie und Glaziologie, ETH Zurich, 96, (1988); 
Dolgunin, V. N., Segregation modeling of particle rapid gravity flow, Powder Technology, 83, 2, pp. 95-103, (1995)
PUBLISHER: Copernicus GmbH info@copernicus.org
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Sun, P., Zhang, Y., Shi, J.S., Chen, L.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Sun, Ping (26428429500); Zhang, Yongshuang (55883678200); Shi, Jusong (7404495701); Chen, Liwei (57129195200)
26428429500; 55883678200; 7404495701; 57129195200
Analysis on the dynamical process of Donghekou rockslide-debris flow triggered by 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake
(2011) Journal of Mountain Science, 8 (2), pp. 140 - 148, Cited 30 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11629-011-2112-9
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79953233695&doi=10.1007%2Fs11629-011-2112-9&partnerID=40&md5=8d1e6d6be2e4783d49c3963fb9f7de61

AFFILIATIONS: Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China; Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China; China Nuclear Power Engineering Co.,Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
ABSTRACT: Among the geo-hazards caused by the great Wenchuan Earthquake, the rapid and long runout rockslide-debris flow is of primary concern due to the large volume of displaced material and the resultant catastrophic impacts to the landscape and socioeconomic structure. In order to analyze the dynamical process of this kind of geo-hazard, the Donghekou rockslide-debris flow is given as an example in this paper. This event, which killed 780 people, initiated at an elevation of 1300 m with a total long run-out distance of more than 2400 m. The slide mass is mainly composed of dolomite limestone and siliceous limestone of Sinian system, together with carbon slate and phyllite of Cambrian. During the processes from slide initiation to the final cessation of slide movement, five dynamic stages took place, here identified as the initiation stage, the acceleration of movement stage, the air-blast effect stage, the impact and redirection stage and the long runout slidematerial accumulation stage. Field investigations indicate that due to the effects of the earthquake, the dynamics of the Donghekou rockslide-debris flow are apparently controlled by geologic and tectonic conditions, the local geomorphological aspects of the terrain, and the microstructural and macroscopic mechanical properties of rocks which compose the slide mass. These three main factors which dictate the Donghekou rockslide-debris flow dynamics are discussed in detail in this paper, and significant results of field investigations and tests of materials are presented. The above dynamical processes are analyzed in this paper, and some useful conclusions have been gained. © 2011 Science Press, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, CAS and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Donghekou; Dynamical process; Rockslide-debris flow; Wenchuan earthquake
REFERENCES: Journal of Mountain Science, (2007); 
Keefer, David K., LANDSLIDES CAUSED BY EARTHQUAKES., Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 95, 4, pp. 406-421, (1984); 
Li, Yanfu, Slope debris flows in the Wenchuan Earthquake area, Journal of Mountain Science, 7, 3, pp. 226-233, (2010); 
Papadopoulos, Gerassimos A., Magnitude-distance relations for earthquake-induced landslides in Greece, Engineering Geology, 58, 3-4, pp. 377-386, (2000); 
Sassa, Kyoji, The International Consortium on Landslides, Landslides, 1, 1, pp. 91-94, (2004); 
Geological Society of America Bulletin, (1968); 
Sun, Ping, Experimental study on shear strength of rocks from Donghekou landslide in Qingchuan County, Sichuan Province, Geological Bulletin of China, 28, 8, pp. 1163-1167, (2009); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2009); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2009); 
Su, Fenghuan, Susceptibility assessment of landslides caused by the Wenchuan earthquake using a logistic regression model, Journal of Mountain Science, 7, 3, pp. 234-245, (2010)
PUBLISHER: Science Press
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Tang, C., Li, W.L., Ding, J., Huang, X.C.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Tang, Chuan (35932953300); Li, Weile (25936551300); Ding, Jun (55463437900); Huang, Xiangchao (37067538000)
35932953300; 25936551300; 55463437900; 37067538000
Field investigation and research on giant debris flow on August 14, 2010 in Yingxiu town, epicenter of Wenchuan earthquake
(2011) Diqiu Kexue - Zhongguo Dizhi Daxue Xuebao/Earth Science - Journal of China University of Geosciences, 36 (1), pp. 172 - 180, Cited 51 times.
DOI: 10.3799/dqkx.2011.018
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79952774414&doi=10.3799%2Fdqkx.2011.018&partnerID=40&md5=cefe76a2ddc69be0d1c553b79086d7f3

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: A rainstorm triggered debris flow hazard occurred in Hongchun valley, Yingxiu town, epicenter of the Wenchuan earthquake on August 14, 2010. This event transported huge material sediment to the watercourse of the Minjiang River and produced a natural dam, resulting in flash flood in the new Yingxiu town. The flood claimed 13 lives, with a further 59 listed as missing. About 8000 local residents were rapidly evacuated from their homes. The debris flow resulted from the coaction of the rainfall and earthquake. Therefore, it is significant for better understanding of development characters of debris flows to conduct the research on the initiation and movement process in high seismic intensity area. This paper studies characteristics of the initiation conditions and depositional fans of the debris flow based on field reconnaissance and interpretations of aerial photographs, focusing on loose sediment supply in source areas of debris flows. On the basis of the above analysis, the initiation and deposition process of debris flows are discussed. The catastrophic event indicates that the areas impacted by the Wenchuan earthquake become more prone to debris flow occurrences in the future. So it is important to assess debris flow risk and take measures to enhance hazard monitoring and offer early warnings for debris flows in the earthquake areas. The control work is also necessary for debris flow hazard mitigation.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Barrier dam; Debris flow; Inundation; Wenchuan earthquake; Yingxiu town
INDEX KEYWORDS: Barrier dam; Debris flow; Inundation; Wenchuan earthquake; Yingxiu town; Anoxic sediments; Dams; Earthquakes; Floods; Hazards; Photography; Sedimentology; Storms; Debris
REFERENCES: Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, (2004); 
Science of Soil and Water Conservation, (2003); 
Lin, Ching-Wee Weei, Impacts of the Chi-Chi earthquake on subsequent rainfall-induced landslides in central Taiwan, Engineering Geology, 86, 2-3, pp. 87-101, (2006); 
Lin, Ching-Wee Weei, Impact of Chi-Chi earthquake on the occurrence of landslides and debris flows: Example from the Chenyulan River watershed, Nantou, Taiwan, Engineering Geology, 71, 1-2, pp. 49-61, (2004); 
Liu, Chiannan, Impacts of september 21, 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake on the characteristics of gully-type debris flows in central Taiwan, Natural Hazards, 47, 3, pp. 349-368, (2008); 
Journal of Catastrophology, (1992); 
Tang, Chuan, Dynamic analysis on rainfall-induced landslide activity in high seismic intensity areas of the Wenchuan earthquake using remote sensing image, Diqiu Kexue - Zhongguo Dizhi Daxue Xuebao/Earth Science - Journal of China University of Geosciences, 35, 2, pp. 317-323, (2010); 
Tang, Chuan, Rainfall-triggered debris flows following the Wenchuan earthquake, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 68, 2, pp. 187-194, (2009); 
Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, (2008); 
Advances in Earth Science, (2008)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Tang, C., Zhu, J., Qi, X.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Tang, Chuan (35932953300); Zhu, Jing (55704611000); Qi, Xin (35932814100)
35932953300; 55704611000; 35932814100
Landslide hazard assessment of the 2008 wenchuan earthquake: A case study in Beichuan area
(2011) Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 48 (1), pp. 128 - 145, Cited 53 times.
DOI: 10.1139/T10-059
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-78951494004&doi=10.1139%2FT10-059&partnerID=40&md5=82ef23163ad31e41c3c3cc483e0e8d22

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: The Wenchuan earthquake (magnitude Ms = 8.0) of 12 May 2008 triggered widespread and large-scale landslides over an area of about 50 000 km2. A study was undertaken to determine the primary factors associated with seismic landslide occurrence. An index-based approach used to assess earthquake-triggered landslide hazard in the central part of the Wenchuan earthquake area affected is described. Slope gradient, relief amplitude, lithology, bedding-slope relations, fault proximity, stream proximity, and antecedent rainfall are recognized as factors that may have had an important influence on landslide occurrence. The assessment of the influence of each of these factors is presented through use of a series of maps showing areas of low, moderate, high, and very high landslide hazard. Areas identified as having "very high and high landslide hazard" were located along the earthquake-source fault and along both banks of the Jian River. The role of rainfall is very significant for future landslide occurrence in the earthquake area. The results of this study will assist decision makers in the selection of safe sites during the reconstruction process. The maps can also be used for landslide risk management in the study area.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Beichuan area; Geographical information system (GIS); Hazard mapping; Index-based method; Landslides; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Beichuan area; Geographical information systems; Hazard mapping; Index-based method; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes; Geographic information systems; Hazards; Information systems; Lithology; Rain; Rating; Risk analysis; Risk management; Landslides; amplitude; antecedent conditions; decision making; fault; GIS; hazard assessment; index method; landslide; lithology; mapping method; rainfall; reconstruction; Sichuan earthquake 2008; slope; Beichuan; China; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Akgun, Aykut, GIS-based landslide susceptibility for Arsin-Yomra (Trabzon, North Turkey) region, Environmental Geology, 51, 8, pp. 1377-1387, (2007); 
Aleotti, Pietro, Landslide hazard assessment: Summary review and new perspectives, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 58, 1, pp. 21-44, (1999); 
Anbalagan, Rathinam, Landslide hazard and risk assessment mapping of mountainous terrains - A case study from Kumaun Himalaya, India, Engineering Geology, 43, 4, pp. 237-246, (1996); 
Ardizzone, Francesca, Impact of mapping errors on the reliability of landslide hazard maps, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 2, 1-2, pp. 3-14, (2002); 
Ayalew, Lulseged, Landslide susceptibility mapping using GIS-based weighted linear combination, the case in Tsugawa area of Agano River, Niigata Prefecture, Japan, Landslides, 1, 1, pp. 73-81, (2004); 
Proceedings of 4th International Symposium on Landslides, (1984); 
Burchfiel, B. Clark, Tectonics of the Longmen Shan and Adjacent Regions, Central China, International Geology Review, 37, 8, pp. 661-735, (1995); 
Carrara, Alberto, Multivariate models for landslide hazard evaluation, Journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology, 15, 3, pp. 403-426, (1983); 
Carrara, Alberto, Use of GIS technology in the prediction and monitoring of landslide hazard, Natural Hazards, 20, 2-3, pp. 117-135, (1999); 
Chigira, Masahiro, Landslides induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China, Geomorphology, 118, 3-4, pp. 225-238, (2010)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Cui, P., Chen, X.Q., Zhu, Y.Y., Su, F.H., Wei, F., Han, Y.S., Liu, H.-J., Zhuang, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Cui, Peng (56706923500); Chen, Xiaoqing (55739112600); Zhu, Yingyan (10143158600); Su, Fenghuan (14033176000); Wei, Fangqiang (14033564100); Han, Yongshun (8045872900); Liu, Hongjiang (36521211700); Zhuang, Jianqi (26538426500)
56706923500; 55739112600; 10143158600; 14033176000; 14033564100; 8045872900; 36521211700; 26538426500
The Wenchuan Earthquake (May 12, 2008), Sichuan Province, China, and resulting geohazards
(2011) Natural Hazards, 56 (1), pp. 19 - 36, Cited 390 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11069-009-9392-1
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77958463596&doi=10.1007%2Fs11069-009-9392-1&partnerID=40&md5=2fdb0e346c3dbbea67dcd7e912559381

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: On Monday, May 12, 2008, a devastating mega-earthquake of magnitude 8.0 struck the Wenchuan area, northwestern Sichuan Province, China. The focal mechanism of the earthquake was successive massive rock fracturing 15 km in depth at Yingxiu. Seismic analysis confirms that the major shock occurred on the Beichuan-Yingxiu Fault and that aftershocks rapidly extended in a straight northeast-southeast direction along the Longmenshan Fault zone. Fatalities approaching a total of 15,000 occurred, with a significant number resulting from four types of seismically triggered geohazards-rock avalanches and landslides, landslide-dammed lakes ("earthquake lakes"), and debris flows. China Geological Survey has identified 4,970 potentially risky sites, 1,701 landslides, 1,844 rock avalanches, 515 debris flows, and 1,093 unstable slopes. Rock avalanches and landslides caused many fatalities directly and disrupted the transportation system, extensively disrupting rescue efforts and thereby causing additional fatalities. Landslide-dammed lakes not only flooded human habitats in upstream areas but also posed threats to potentially inundated downstream areas with large populations. Debris flows become the most remarkable geohazards featured by increasing number, high frequency, and low triggering rainfall. Earthquake-triggered geohazards sequentially induced and transformed to additional hazards. For example, debris flows occurred on rock avalanches and landslides, followed by landslide-dammed lakes, and then by additional debris flows and breakouts of the landslide-dammed lakes and downstream flooding. Earthquake-induced geohazards occurred mainly along the fault zone and decreased sharply with distance from the fault. It can be anticipated that post-earthquake geohazards, particularly for debris flows, will continue for 5-10 years and even for as long as 20 years. An integrated strategy of continuing emergency response and economic reconstruction is required. The lesson from Wenchuan Earthquake is that the resulted geohazards may appear in large number in active fault regions. A plan for geohazard prevention in the earthquake-active mountainous areas is needed in advance. © 2009 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Avalanches; Dammed lakes/Earthquake lakes; Debris-flows; Geohazards; Landslides; Wenchuan Earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: aftershock; debris flow; earthquake magnitude; earthquake trigger; fault zone; focal mechanism; hazard assessment; landslide; natural hazard; risk assessment; rock avalanche; seismicity; Sichuan earthquake 2008; Beichuan; China; Longmenshan Fault Zone; Sichuan; Yingxiu
REFERENCES: Burchfiel, B. Clark, Tectonics of the Longmen Shan and Adjacent Regions, Central China, International Geology Review, 37, 8, pp. 661-735, (1995); 
Floods from Dam Failures, (1985); 
Documented Historical Landslide Dams from Around the World, (1991); 
Sci China Ser E, (2003); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2008); 
Densmore, Alexander Logan, Active tectonics of the Beichuan and Pengguan faults at the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, Tectonics, 26, 4, (2007); 
Kallen, D., Landslides at Qingjiang River in the downstream area of Shuibuya dam site, China, Journal of China University of Geosciences, 17, 2, pp. 158-162, (2006); 
Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, (2008); 
Meade, Brendan J., Present-day kinematics at the India-Asia collision zone, Geology, 35, 1, pp. 81-84, (2007); 
Debris Flow no 3, (1986)
PUBLISHER: Kluwer Academic Publishers
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Tao, S., Hu, D., Zhao, W.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Tao, Shu (36683220000); Hu, Deyong (22233958700); Zhao, Wenji (12787367300)
36683220000; 22233958700; 12787367300
Susceptibility assessment of earthquake-triggered landslide in Wenchuan
(2010) Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, 7841 (1), art. no. 78411J, Cited 4 times.
DOI: 10.1117/12.873273
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-78650413279&doi=10.1117%2F12.873273&partnerID=40&md5=3d405c6886bc36978a0dfdf8a2fa4b3b

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Integrated Disaster Assessment and Risk Governance, Capital Normal University, Beijing, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: The Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, occurred on 12 May 2008 in Sichuan Province, collapsed a great many houses and injured hundreds of thousands of people. Undoubtedly, it can be predicted that secondary earthquake landslides will draw much attention during a long time after the earthquake due to the severe geological hazard. In order to remove threat from the secondary disasters effectively, this study used techniques of remote sensing and GIS to generate susceptibility maps, taking the case of Wenchuan County. Seven factors controlling landslide occurrence have been taken account into the susceptibility assessment, including elevation, slop, aspect, lithology, seismic intensity, distance to faults and rivers. According to the probability that predicts the possibility of landslide occurrence calculated applying information value method and logistic regression separately, the study zone was ultimately categorized into five classes, specifically, "extremely low", "low", "moderate", "high" and "very high". These results have been proved to reflect closely the spatial distributions of landslides in the study area.© 2010 SPIE.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Earthquake; GIS; Landslide; Remote sensing; Susceptibility assessment
INDEX KEYWORDS: Geological hazards; GIS; Information value; Logistic regressions; Remote sensing and GIS; Seismic intensity; Sichuan province; Spatial distribution; Study areas; Susceptibility assessment; Susceptibility maps; Wenchuan Earthquake; Data handling; Earthquakes; Lithology; Rating; Remote sensing; Landslides
REFERENCES: Wang, Fawu, Preliminary investigation of some large landslides triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan Province, China, Landslides, 6, 1, pp. 47-54, (2009); 
Wu, Yiping, Spatial prognosis studying of landslide hazard, Dizhi Keji Qingbao/Geological Science and Technology Information, 20, 2, pp. 87-90, (2001); 
Rock and Soil Mechanics, (2003); 
Greco, Roberto, Logistic Regression analysis in the evaluation of mass movements susceptibility: The Aspromonte case study, Calabria, Italy, Engineering Geology, 89, 1-2, pp. 47-66, (2007); 
Journal of Remote Sensing, (2003); 
García-Rodríguez, M. J., Susceptibility assessment of earthquake-triggered landslides in El Salvador using logistic regression, Geomorphology, 95, 3-4, pp. 172-191, (2008); 
Karsli, Fevzi, Effects of land-use changes on landslides in a landslide-prone area (Ardesen, Rize, NE Turkey), Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 156, 1-4, pp. 241-255, (2009); 
Chen, Xiaoli, Triggering factors susceptibility of earthquake-induced landslides in 1976 Longling Earthquake, Beijing Daxue Xuebao (Ziran Kexue Ban)/Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis, 45, 1, pp. 104-109, (2009); 
Wu, Caiyan, Landslides and slope aspect in the Three Gorges reservoir area based on GIS and information value model, Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences, 11, 4, pp. 773-779, (2006); 
Saro, Lee M., Landslide susceptibility mapping in the Damrei Romel area, Cambodia using frequency ratio and logistic regression models, Environmental Geology, 50, 6, pp. 847-855, (2006)
CONFERENCE NAME: 6th International Symposium on Digital Earth: Data Processing and Applications
CONFERENCE DATE: 2009-09-09 through 2009-09-12
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Han, Y.S., Liu, H.-J., Zhu, B., Han, J., Yang, Y., Zhang, Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Han, Yongshun (8045872900); Liu, Hongjiang (36521211700); Zhu, Boqin (59122327600); Han, Jun (55656662100); Yang, Yingchang (35212298700); Zhang, Yu (58406534800)
8045872900; 36521211700; 59122327600; 55656662100; 35212298700; 58406534800
Distribution and prevention of dammed lakes triggered by Wenchuan Earthquake
(2010) Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, 7841 (1), art. no. 78411K, Cited 1 times.
DOI: 10.1117/12.873274
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-78650316533&doi=10.1117%2F12.873274&partnerID=40&md5=0c07844222e08f71a3b51078b89d15e8

AFFILIATIONS: School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, China; School of Urban Management and Resource Environment, Yunnan University of Finance and Economics, Kunming, Yunnan, China; Center for Earth Observation and Digital Earth, Haidian, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Wenchuan earthquake induced large-scale of collapses and landslides which blocked river channels and brought about quantities of dammed lakes. The number and the scale of dammed lakes are extremely rare in the world. Besides the backwater of the dammed lakes can flood the road traffic, villages and farmland on the upstream, it can severely threaten the safety of the people's lives and properties on the downstream. Once the dammed lakes burst out, they can cause severe flood disaster. Therefore, it is urgent to monitor the dammed lakes, study their distribution and analyze their development by means of remote sensing (RS) and geography information system (GIS) after the earthquake. In this paper, 145 high-resolution images were processed and 31 severely-afflicted counties were studied through RS monitoring and field investigation. By the time of May 28,2008, 257 dammed lakes existing more than 14 days were identified and there were 34 dammed lakes with capacity of more than 100 000m3. Based on these conditions, the distribution and development of dammed lakes were discussed and the findings showed that: (a) The dammed lakes induced by Wenchuan earthquake mainly scatter in Beichuan, Wenchuan, Shifang, Mianzhu and Anxian counties, and there exist 154 dammed lakes in these regions, which is 59.92 percent of the total. (b) 95.3 percent of the dammed lakes are within 10km of three major fault zones of Longmen Mountains and the relationship between the number of dammed lakes and their distance to fault zone accords with the law of logarithmic decrement. (c) Most of dammed lakes are distributed in the upper reaches of Minjiang River, Tuojiang River, Jianjiang River and Fujiang River, etc. in rosary. (d) The distribution of dammed lakes in the study areas is dominated by seismic intensity, lithology, slope and altitude. In the next 5-10 years, collapses, landslides and debris flows in the study area will occur frequently and severely and they are likely to block river channels and form dammed lakes. As rainy season comes, the risk of dammed lakes forming and bursting is increasing. So it is necessary to reinforce the real-time monitoring of dammed lakes, make risk assessment and formulate the emergency countermeasures.© 2010 SPIE.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Dammed lake; Distribution; Prevention; Remote sensing; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Dammed lake; Debris flows; Distribution; Fault zone; Field investigation; Flood disaster; High resolution image; Logarithmic decrement; Longmen Mountain; Minjiang River; Prevention; Rainy seasons; Real time monitoring; River channels; Road traffic; Seismic intensity; Study areas; Wenchuan Earthquake; Data handling; Debris; Earthquakes; Floods; Lakes; Landslides; Lithology; Remote sensing; Risk assessment; Rivers
REFERENCES: Quaternary Sciences, (2004); 
Remote Sensing for Land Resources, (2008); 
Earth Science Frontiers, (2008); 
Documented Historical Landslide Dams from Around the World, (1991); 
Clague, John Joseph, Formation and failure of natural dams in the Canadian Cordillera, Bulletin of the Geological Survey of Canada, 464, (1994); 
Journal of Geological Hazards and Environment Preservation, (1995); 
Ermini, Leonardo, Prediction of the behaviour of landslide dams using a geomorphological dimensionless index, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 28, 1, pp. 31-47, (2003); 
Shang, Yanjun, A super-large landslide in Tibet in 2000: Background, occurrence, disaster, and origin, Geomorphology, 54, 3-4, pp. 225-243, (2003); 
Korup, Oliver, Geomorphometric characteristics of New Zealand landslide dams, Engineering Geology, 73, 1-2, pp. 13-35, (2004); 
Cui, Peng, Distribution and risk analysis of dammed lakes reduced by Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 41, 3, pp. 35-42, (2009)
CONFERENCE NAME: 6th International Symposium on Digital Earth: Data Processing and Applications
CONFERENCE DATE: 2009-09-09 through 2009-09-12
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Chang, D.S., Zhang, L.M., Xu, Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Chang, Dongsheng (36088467500); Zhang, Limin Min (58883008100); Xu, Yao (35369600500)
36088467500; 58883008100; 35369600500
Testing and analysis of erodibility of hongshihe landslide dam
(2010) Geotechnical Special Publication, (210 GSP), pp. 338 - 347, Cited 2 times.
DOI: 10.1061/41147(392)32
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84890912845&doi=10.1061%2F41147%28392%2932&partnerID=40&md5=73c40086d1a42b7d1740acf7e11db27f

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: The Great Wenchuan Earthquake of Ms 8.0 in Richter scale on 12 May 2008 caused the formation of 34 large and numerous smaller landslide dams. Hongshihe Landslide Dam is one of the large-scale dams. The erodibility of fresh landslide deposits plays an important role in evaluating the breaching process of such landslide dams due to overtopping. A landslide dam typically comprises freshly deposited mass of heterogeneous, unconsolidated or poorly consolidated earth materials and is vulnerable to overtopping failure. The landslide deposits are usually broadly graded with particle sizes ranging from clay to boulders. Moreover, their grain size distributions are highly heterogeneous along depth and along the run-out direction of landslide debris. Due to the variation of soil properties, the soil erodibility also varies significantly along the run-out direction and depth. This paper describes a series of field jet index tests conducted at two landslide dams shortly after the earthquake to investigate the erodibility of freshly deposited landslide soils. The basic soil parameters (i.e., grain-size distribution, bulk density, water content, and Atterberg limits), as well as the coefficient of erodibility and critical erosive shear stress at different locations were also measured to examine the variation of soil erodibility of Hongshihe Landslide Dam along the run-out direction, depth, and the water-flow direction. The results show that the coefficient of erodibility increases significantly along the run-out direction but decreases slightly with depth and along the water-flow direction, whereas the changes in critical erosive shear stress are limited along the run-out direction, depth, and the water-flow direction. © 2010 American Society of Civil Engineers.
INDEX KEYWORDS: Atterberg limits; Earth materials; Grain size distribution; Landslide deposits; Overtopping failures; Soil erodibility; Soil parameters; Wenchuan Earthquake; Clay deposits; Dams; Deposits; Earthquakes; Erosion; Flow of water; Shear stress; Soil testing; Soils; Landslides
REFERENCES: Standard Test Method for Erodibility Determination of Soil in the Field or in the Laboratory by the Jet Index Method, (1999); 
Chang, Dongsheng, Simulation of the erosion process of landslide dams due to overtopping considering variations in soil erodibility along depth, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 10, 4, pp. 933-946, (2010); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2009); 
Field Testing of Erodibility of Two Landslide Dams Triggered by the 12 May Wenchuan Earthquake, (2009); 
Casagli, Nicola, Determining grain size distribution of the material composing landslide dams in the Northern Apennines: Sampling and processing methods, Engineering Geology, 69, 1-2, pp. 83-97, (2003); 
Costa, John E., FORMATION AND FAILURE OF NATURAL DAMS., Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 100, 7, pp. 1054-1068, (1988); 
Granular Flows and Numerical Modeling of Landslides, (2001); 
Crosta, Giovanni Battista, Fragmentation in the Val Pola rock avalanche, Italian Alps, Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 112, 1, (2007); 
Cui, Peng, The 12 May Wenchuan earthquake-induced landslide lakes: Distribution and preliminary risk evaluation, Landslides, 6, 3, pp. 209-223, (2009); 
Dunning, Stuart A., Formation and failure of the Tsatichhu landslide dam, Bhutan, Landslides, 3, 2, pp. 107-113, (2006)
SPONSORS: Geo-Institute of ASCE, Environmental and Water Resources Institute of ASCE, International Society for Soil Mechanics and, Geotechnical Engineering
CONFERENCE NAME: 5th International Conference on Scour and Erosion
CONFERENCE DATE: 2010-11-07 through 2010-11-10
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Luo, Y., He, S., Li, X., Wu, Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Luo, Yu (55712604600); He, Siming (55978326000); Li, Xinpo (56106503000); Wu, Yong (35786710400)
55712604600; 55978326000; 56106503000; 35786710400
Seismically induced rock slope instability and the corresponding treatment: The case of Leshan Giant Buddha scenic spot
(2010), 2, art. no. 5663087, pp. 376 - 379, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.1109/ICOIP.2010.33
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84880206254&doi=10.1109%2FICOIP.2010.33&partnerID=40&md5=bd0d72a6d0e80e46b74d8eb709064892

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: On May 12, 2008, a magnitude 8.0 earthquake hit Wenchuan Country, Sichuan Province, resulted in abundant landslides and slope failures were triggered. Besides, a lot of slopes were instability and needs corresponding treatment to reinforcement, especially in some important scenic spots in Sichuan. Leshan Giant Buddha scenic spot is one of the best scenic spots in China. Instable rock slope induced by earthquake is on the cliff of Wuyou Mountain near to Wuyou temple in Leshan Giant Buddha scenic spot. Instable rock slope seriously threatened the safety of some important scenery in Leshan Giant Buddha, such as the provincial unit in preservation of cultural relics of 'Meander Core', the 'eyelash' of the giant sleeping Buddha, Jingyun pavilion and the words 'Mainstay' that is inscribed on the rock slope. So, investigation, surveying and probing technology, combined with stereographic projection were used to study on topographical and geological condition of the site. Base on above results, we analyzed the stability of the rock slope. At last, taking the anchor as the principal project, drainage and inlays as auxiliary project was proposed to stability the rock slope. © 2010 IEEE.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Leshan Giant Buddha; Slope; Slope reinforcement; Stability; The Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Geological conditions; Leshan Giant Buddha; Probing technologies; Rock slope instabilities; Slope; Slope reinforcement; Stereographic projection; Wenchuan Earthquake; Convergence of numerical methods; Image processing; Optoelectronic devices; Slope protection; Slope stability; Earthquakes
REFERENCES: Li, Xinpo, Seismically induced slope instabilities and the corresponding treatments: The case of a road in the Wenchuan earthquake hit region, Journal of Mountain Science, 6, 1, pp. 96-100, (2009); 
Railway Investigation and Surveying, (2005); 
Coal Geology of China, (2003); 
Mining Research and Development, (2005)
SPONSORS: Hunan University of Science and Technology, Central South University, Intelligent Computation Technology and Automation Society, Changsha University of Science and Technology, InfoBeyond Technology LLC
CONFERENCE NAME: 2010 International Conference on Optoelectronics and Image Processing, ICOIP 2010
CONFERENCE DATE: 2010-11-11 through 2010-11-12
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Rathje, E.M., Carr, L.P.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Rathje, Ellen M. (6604056353); Carr, Lucas P. (55378268500)
6604056353; 55378268500
Satellite observations of landslides caused by the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake in China
(2010), 4, pp. 2572 - 2581, Cited 3 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84867170087&partnerID=40&md5=428d09448d4e196c1e0b99030bdc2938

AFFILIATIONS: Cockrell School of Engineering, Austin, TX, United States; URS Corporation, San Francisco, CA, United States
ABSTRACT: Pre- and post-event satellite imagery was used to identify landslides and urban damage in the area affected by the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake in China. LANDSAT imagery at lower spatial resolution was used to analyze landslide patterns across the entire affected area, with landslide mapping being performed over nearly 16,000 km 2. High spatial resolution IKONOS and Quickbird imagery were used to analyze landslide patterns and urban damage in localized areas of intense damage and to validate the findings of the LANDSAT analysis. The relationship between the landslide patterns, geology, and topography was also investigated.
INDEX KEYWORDS: Affected area; High spatial resolution; LANDSAT; Landsat imagery; Landslide mapping; Landslide pattern; QuickBird imageries; Satellite observations; Spatial resolution; Wenchuan Earthquake; Civil engineering; Earthquakes; Engineering geology; Satellite imagery; Tsunamis; Landslides
REFERENCES: China Earthquake Geospatial Research Portal, (2008); 
Application of Remote Sensing for Mapping Earthquake Induced Landslides from the 2008 Wenchuan China and 2004 Niigata Ken Chuetsu Japan Earthquakes, (2009); 
Cgiar Consortium for Spatial Information, (2008); 
Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation, (2000)
SPONSORS: Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), U.S. Department of Energy, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Degenkolb Engineers
CONFERENCE NAME: 9th US National and 10th Canadian Conference on Earthquake Engineering 2010, Including Papers from the 4th International Tsunami Symposium
CONFERENCE DATE: 2010-07-25 through 2010-07-29
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Hazarika, M.K., Singh, S., Uddin, M.S., Samarakoon, L.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Hazarika, Manzul Kumar (23989260900); Singh, Sahdev (56175941600); Uddin, Md Shahab (55348659100); Samarakoon, Lal (6506744858)
23989260900; 56175941600; 55348659100; 6506744858
Present status and trends of natural hazards in the asiapacific region
(2010), 2, pp. 1433 - 1439, Cited 0 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84865650880&partnerID=40&md5=a3472c055942c01c91fc0ec0f886c3a1

AFFILIATIONS: Geoinformatics Center, Asian Institute of Technology Thailand, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand; Alternatives International, Pathumtani, Thailand; Asian Institute of Technology Thailand, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand
ABSTRACT: The Asia-Pacific region is prone to a wide variety of disasters caused by natural hazards. According to the EM-DAT database, between 1975-2006, while the region experienced 37% of number of world's disasters and 44% of economic losses, it suffered more than 57% of total number of global mortality and 88% of the affected populations. Unfortunately, this trend has continued in subsequent years and in 2008 alone, out of the 10 worst disasters in terms of total human losses nine occurred in the Asia-Pacific region and consequently 98% of people killed by disasters worldwide were from Asia. The same year witnessed two disasters of historical dimension, Cyclone Nargis in Myanmar and the Wenchuan earthquake in China, both in Asia, causing large-scale death and destruction. Asia-Pacific region is particularly prone to climate-sensitive hydro-meteorological disasters such as floods (35%), windstorms (28%) and water-induced landslides (8%). The global distribution shows that Asia-Pacific region is accounted for more than 45% of the world's water-related disaster fatalities during the period from 1980 to 2009, and 90% of all water-related casualties. A comparison between earthquakes and climate sensitive hydro-meteorological disasters was done for the region for the time period 1980-2009 using EM-DAT and it was found that the increase in the number of climate sensitive disasters is much higher than the increase in the number of earthquakes. In 1980, there were 11 reported earthquake disasters compared to 55 climate sensitive disasters (a difference of 44), whereas in 2009, 15 earthquakes vs. 124 climate sensitive disasters (a difference of 109).
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Disaster; EM-DAT; Natural hazard
INDEX KEYWORDS: Asia Pacific region; Earthquake disaster; Economic loss; EM-DAT; Global distribution; Myanmars; Natural hazard; Present status; Time-periods; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes; Hazards; Losses; Remote sensing; Storms; Disasters
REFERENCES: Cred Crunch, (2010); 
Raw Data Source, (2010)
CONFERENCE NAME: 31st Asian Conference on Remote Sensing 2010, ACRS 2010
CONFERENCE DATE: 2010-11-01 through 2010-11-05
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Yang, X., Zhou, H., Li, H., Yang, Z., Qiao, L., Lin, Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Yang, Xingguo (35742406600); Zhou, Hongwei (57194786886); Li, Hongtao (57194584566); Yang, Zhaohui (Joey) (56896398000); Qiao, Lu (35211495400); Lin, Yuanyuan (42761926700)
35742406600; 57194786886; 57194584566; 56896398000; 35211495400; 42761926700
Safety assessment of quake lakes
(2010) Geotechnical Special Publication, (199), pp. 2002 - 2011, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.1061/41095(365)203
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79959576548&doi=10.1061%2F41095%28365%29203&partnerID=40&md5=65dffcb9b4c05da1c12153b710485d60

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; College of Hydraulic and Hydroelectric Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK, United States
ABSTRACT: The great Wenchuan Earthquake of May 12, 2008 formed more than 100 quake lakes with considerable risks. These Quake lakes are mostly distributed on the mountainous rivers in the worst-hit areas. Some are densely distributed in a segment of river channels; others in remote areas. 90 of the Quake lakes have gone through emergency treatment process or have self-burst, and have weathered through the flood seasons in 2008 and 2009. However, their long-term stability and safety need to be thoroughly evaluated, and some may require proper retrofit to ensure their long-term stability. Retrofit techniques will depend upon the risks imposed to the downstream area, geological conditions, landforms, hydrology, and the size and composition of the landslide dam. By using cases selected from Quake lakes formed by Wenchuan Earthquake, this paper discusses techniques for improved safety assessment of Quake lakes. © 2010 ASCE.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: China; Earthquakes; Lakes; Safety
INDEX KEYWORDS: China; Downstream areas; Emergency treatment; Flood season; Geological conditions; Landslide dam; Long term stability; Remote areas; Retrofit techniques; River channels; Safety assessments; Wenchuan Earthquake; Lakes; Rating; Retrofitting; Safety engineering; Earthquakes
REFERENCES: Journal of Geological Hazards and Environment Preservation, (1995); 
Standard for Classification of Risk Grade of Landslide Lake Sl450 2009, (2009); 
Technique Guideline for Emergency Disposal of Landslide Lake Sl451 2009, (2009); 
Second Session of the Eleventh People S Congress of Sichuan Province, (2009); 
Yang, Xingguo, Key techniques for the emergency disposal of Quake lakes, Natural Hazards, 52, 1, pp. 43-56, (2010); 
Zhou, Hongwei, Risk-elimination techniques and management of earthquake lakes, Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 41, 3, pp. 96-101, (2009)
CONFERENCE NAME: GeoFlorida 2010: Advances in Analysis, Modeling and Design Conference
CONFERENCE DATE: 2010-02-20 through 2010-02-24
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wang, Z., Liu, D., Shi, W.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wang, Zhaoyin (35486457100); Liu, Dandan (55730506400); Shi, Wenjing (36195684100)
35486457100; 55730506400; 36195684100
Grain erosion - An intense form of rock erosion
(2010), 337, pp. 27 - 34, Cited 0 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79952677680&partnerID=40&md5=02837d1aeae0ec03189fd1941374be1c

AFFILIATIONS: Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Grain erosion is defined as the phenomenon of physically breaking down bare rocks. Bare rocks are caused by avalanches, landslides and human activities. Grain erosion causes flying stones that can injure humans, and results in numerous slope debris flows. The process of grain erosion is studied by field investigations and experiments. The rocks are broken down to grains under the action of insolation and temperature change. Then, wind detaches the grains from the bare rock, the grains flow downslope under the action of gravity, and the grains accumulate at the toe of the hillslope forming a depositional fan. The most serious grain erosion occurs in spring and early summer when it is very hot and dry. Experimental results showed that the number of grains blown by wind, per area of rock surface per unit time, is proportional to the fourth power of the wind speed; however, the size of the grains increases linearly with the wind speed. Copyright © 2010 IAHS Press.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Bare rocks; China; Debris flow; Erosion; Wenchuan earthquake; Wind
INDEX KEYWORDS: Bare rocks; Broken down; China; Debris flow; Debris flows; Downslope; Field investigation; Hillslopes; Human activities; Per unit; Rock erosion; Rock surfaces; Temperature changes; Wenchuan Earthquake; Wind speed; Anoxic sediments; Debris; Earthquakes; Rocks; Sedimentology; Wind effects; Erosion; debris flow; depositional sequence; hillslope; human activity; landslide; rock avalanche; Sichuan earthquake 2008; temperature gradient; wind erosion; wind velocity
REFERENCES: Carter, Nicholas E.A., Experimental investigations into the interactions between moisture, rock surface temperatures and an epilithic lichen cover in the bioprotection of limestone, Building and Environment, 38, 9-10, pp. 1225-1234, (2003); 
Carter, Nicholas E.A., Bioprotection explored: The story of a little known earth surface process, Geomorphology, 67, 3-4, pp. 273-281, (2005); 
Finite Fault Model of the May 12 2008 Mw 7 9 Eastern Sichuan China Earthquake, (2008); 
Goldman, S. J., Erosion and sediment control handbook., (1986); 
Korup, Oliver, Rock-type control on erosion-induced uplift, eastern Swiss Alps, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 278, 3-4, pp. 278-285, (2009); 
Halsey, David P., Influence of climatically induced cycles in physical weathering, Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology, 31, 4 pt 4, pp. 359-367, (1998); 
Harris, Stuart Arthur, Conditions of formation of stratified screes, slims River Valley, Yukon Territory: A possible analogue with some deposits from Belgium, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 25, 5, pp. 463-481, (2000); 
Symposium on Earthquake Induced Mountainous Hazards and Disaster Reduction, (2008); 
Matsuoka, N., The rate of bedrock weathering by frost action: Field measurements and a predictive model, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 15, 1, pp. 73-90, (1990); 
Matsuoka, N., Frost weathering and rockwall erosion in the southeastern Swiss Alps: Long-term (1994-2006) observations, Geomorphology, 99, 1-4, pp. 353-368, (2008)
CONFERENCE NAME: Symposium on Sediment Dynamics for a Changing Future
CONFERENCE DATE: 2010-06-14 through 2010-06-18
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Yang, X., Yang, W.-N., Li, Y.-H., Hu, B.-R.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Yang, Xin (8659596100); Yang, Wunian (7407756597); Li, Yahui (37037718800); Hu, Baorong (37037461100)
8659596100; 7407756597; 37037718800; 37037461100
Land use land cover change analysis after the earthquake of Wenchuan
(2010), art. no. 5630996, Cited 4 times.
DOI: 10.1109/ICMULT.2010.5630996
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79952209096&doi=10.1109%2FICMULT.2010.5630996&partnerID=40&md5=38c8e5f1f55497392fbaf76235efa551

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Institute of RS and GIS, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: This paper using remote sensing technology, extract land use and land cover change(LUCC), topography and geomorphology, vegetation coverage information of Wenchuan city. According to 2007-2008 type of land use change on the current situation and the dynamic changes in Wenchuan LUCC analysis. The results showed that after the earthquake, the forest cover of Wenchuan coverage from 67.59% in 2007 fell to 60.73 percent, dropped 6.86%, forest dynamic degree reached 10.18%; grass coverage from 16.29% in 2007 fell to 12.55%, dropped 3.74%, the dynamic degree reached 23%. The earthquake triggered landslides, avalanches, landslides and other geological hazards. Large tracts of woodland, grassland turned into bare land .Covering an area of 10.63%, dynamic degree is up to 291%, about 434.12km2, caused serious damage to the ecological environment to Wenchuan city. ©2010 IEEE.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Land use and land cover; Topography and geomorphology; Vegetation coverage; WenChuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Bare lands; Current situation; Dynamic changes; Ecological environments; Forest cover; Forest dynamics; Geological hazards; Land use and land cover; Land use and land cover change; Land use land cover change; Land-use change; Remote sensing technology; Vegetation coverage; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes; Geomorphology; Land use; Landslides; Remote sensing; Topography; Vegetation; Landforms
REFERENCES: Study of Land Use Land Cover Change in China, (2004); 
Geographical Research, (2003); 
Application and Analysis of Remote Sensing Image, (2004); 
Calver, Michael C., Lessons from preventive medicine for the precautionary principle and ecosystem health, Ecosystem Health, 6, 2, pp. 99-107, (2000); 
Application of Remote Environment Model, (2011); 
Fazakas, Z., Volume and forest cover estimation over southern sweden using avhrr data calibrated with tm data, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 17, 9, pp. 1701-1709, (1996); 
Research of Central Tibet Resources and Environment Monitoring and Evaluation by Remote Sensing, (1998); 
Byrne, G. F., Monitoring land-cover change by principal component analysis of multitemporal landsat data, Remote Sensing of Environment, 10, 3, pp. 175-184, (1980); 
Tang, Chuan, Dynamic analysis on rainfall-induced landslide activity in high seismic intensity areas of the Wenchuan earthquake using remote sensing image, Diqiu Kexue - Zhongguo Dizhi Daxue Xuebao/Earth Science - Journal of China University of Geosciences, 35, 2, pp. 317-323, (2010); 
Tang, Huiming, Characteristics of landslides induced by the great Wenchuan earthquake, Journal of Earth Science, 21, 1, pp. 104-113, (2010)
SPONSORS: IEEE Nanjing Section GRSS Chapter, Southwest Petroleum University of China, College of Computer and Information of Hohai University
CONFERENCE NAME: 2010 International Conference on Multimedia Technology, ICMT 2010
CONFERENCE DATE: 2010-10-29 through 2010-10-31
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Peng, L., Yang, W.-N., Pan, P.-F., Li, Z.-G., Hu, G.-C.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Peng, Li (35206100100); Yang, Wunian (7407756597); Pan, Peifen (36554711200); Li, Zhigang (57190981890); Hu, Guochao (35191894600)
35206100100; 7407756597; 36554711200; 57190981890; 35191894600
Applying remote sensing and spacial analysis technology to locating transitional shelters in earthquake areas
(2010), art. no. 5691926, pp. 6463 - 6466, Cited 2 times.
DOI: 10.1109/ICISE.2010.5691926
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79951984778&doi=10.1109%2FICISE.2010.5691926&partnerID=40&md5=d30c3b60e8a2580035ca62b8823cd454

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: Violent earthquakes damaged buildings, towns and cities. The earthquakes and the subsequent secondary disasters, such as landslips, landslides and debris flows, brought immediate threats to people there. The rescue tasks need updated and appropriate information for site selection of emergency refuges and transitional shelters, especially when a city has been destroyed and the original earthquake emergency refuge planning can no longer work well. This paper introduced remote sensing and spatial analysis technology to locating medium and long term transitional shelters in Wenchuan earthquake areas. The proposed model assessed geological security, rescue path, service range, water system, land coverage and topographical factors, and acquired a valid result. © 2010 IEEE.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Earthquake; Location; Remote sensing; Spacial analysis; Transitional shelter
INDEX KEYWORDS: Debris flows; Long term; Refuge planning; Spacial analysis; Spatial analysis; Transitional shelter; Violent earthquakes; Water system; Wenchuan Earthquake; Debris; Information science; Remote sensing; Site selection; Tracking (position); Earthquakes
REFERENCES: Research of Soil and Water Conservation, (2001); 
Yang, Wenbin, Planning construction of earthquake emergency shelters and urban disaster reduction, Journal of Natural Disasters, 13, 1, pp. 126-131, (2004); 
Li, Gang, Study of urban earthquake emergency shelters planning, Beijing Gongye Daxue Xuebao / Journal of Beijing University of Technology, 32, 10, pp. 901-906, (2006); 
A Textbook of Gb17741 2005 Evaluation of Seismic Safety for Engineering Sites, (2006); 
Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering, (2008); 
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences, (2008); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2008); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2004); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2008); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2008)
SPONSORS: Hangzhou Dianzi University, United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Georgia State University, Anhui University of Science and Technology, College of Computer and Information of Hohai University
CONFERENCE NAME: 2nd International Conference on Information Science and Engineering, ICISE2010
CONFERENCE DATE: 2010-12-04 through 2010-12-06
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wang, M., Qiao, J.P., He, S.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wang, Meng (25927651000); Qiao, Jianping (24485090400); He, Siming (55978326000)
25927651000; 24485090400; 55978326000
GIS-based earthquake-triggered landslide hazard zoning using contributing weight model
(2010) Journal of Mountain Science, 7 (4), pp. 339 - 352, Cited 24 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11629-010-2054-7
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79251645907&doi=10.1007%2Fs11629-010-2054-7&partnerID=40&md5=41c52534e25813948265ac67fedbda93

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Earthquake-triggered landslides have aroused widespread attention because of their tremendous ability to harm people's lives and properties. The best way to avoid and mitigate their damage is to develop landslide hazard maps and make them available to the public in advance of an earthquake. Future construction can then be built according to the level of hazard and existing structures can be retrofit as necessary. During recent years various approaches have been made to develop landslide hazard maps using statistical analysis or physical models. However, these methods have limitations. This study introduces a new GIS-based approach, using the contributing weight model, to evaluate the hazard of seismically-induced landslides. In this study, the city and surrounding area of Dujiangyan was selected as the research area because of its moderate-high seismic activity. The parameters incorporated into the model that related to the probability of landslide occurrence were: slope gradient, slope aspect, geomorphology, lithology, base level, surface roughness, earthquake intensity, fault proximity, drainage proximity, and road proximity. The parameters were converted into raster data format with a resolution of 25×25m2 pixels. Analysis of the GIS correlations shows that the highest earthquake-induced landslide hazard areas are mainly in the hills and in some of the moderately steep mountainous areas of central Dujiangyan. The highest hazard zone covers an area of 11.1% of the study area, and the density distribution of seismically-induced landslides was 3.025/km2 from the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. The moderately hazardous areas are mainly distributed within the moderately steep mountainous regions of the northern and southeastern parts of the study area and the hills of the northeastern part; covering 32.0% of the study area and with a density distribution of 2.123/km2 resulting from the Wenchuan earthquake. The lowest hazard areas are mainly distributed in the topographically flat plain in the northeastern part and some of the relatively gently slopes in the moderately steep mountainous areas of the northern part of Dujiangyan and the surrounding area. The lowest hazard areas cover 56.9% of the study area and exhibited landslide densities of 0.941/km2 and less from the Wenchuan earthquake. The quality of the hazard map was validated using a comparison with the distribution of landslides that were cataloged as occurring from the Wenchuan earthquake. 43.1% of the study area consists of high and moderate hazardous zones, and these regions include 83.5% of landslides caused by the Wenchuan earthquake. The successful analysis shows that the contributing weight model can be effective for earthquake-triggered landslide hazard appraisal. The model's results can provide the basis for risk management and regional planning is. © 2010 Science Press, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, CAS and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Contributing weight model; Earthquake-triggered landslide; GIS; Hazard zoning
REFERENCES: Ayalew, Lulseged, Landslide susceptibility mapping using GIS-based weighted linear combination, the case in Tsugawa area of Agano River, Niigata Prefecture, Japan, Landslides, 1, 1, pp. 73-81, (2004); 
Capolongo, Domenico, Evaluating earthquake-triggered landslide hazard at the basin scale through GIS in the Upper Sele river Valley, Surveys in Geophysics, 23, 6, pp. 595-625, (2002); 
Carro, Monica, The application of predictive modeling techniques to landslides induced by earthquakes: The case study of the 26 September 1997 Umbria-Mache earthquake (Italy), Engineering Geology, 69, 1-2, pp. 139-159, (2003); 
Chau, Kam Tim, Landslide hazard analysis for Hong Kong using landslide inventory and GIS, Computers and Geosciences, 30, 4, pp. 429-443, (2004); 
Earthquake Intensity Zoning Map of China 1 1000000, (2008); 
Rock Engineering Systems Theory and Practice, (1992); 
Jibson, Randall W., A method for producing digital probabilistic seismic landslide hazard maps, Engineering Geology, 58, 3-4, pp. 271-289, (2000); 
Keefer, David K., LANDSLIDES CAUSED BY EARTHQUAKES., Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 95, 4, pp. 406-421, (1984); 
Koppula, Sivajogi D., Pseudo-static analysis of clay slopes subjected to earthquakes, Geotechnique, 34, 1, pp. 71-79, (1984); 
Lee, Chyityi Tyi, Statistical approach to earthquake-induced landslide susceptibility, Engineering Geology, 100, 1-2, pp. 43-58, (2008)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Chen, G.Q., Zen, K., Zheng, L., Jiang, Z.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Chen, Guangqi (55577206900); Zen, Kouki (7005542818); Zheng, Lu (55273034500); Jiang, Zaisen (7404279088)
55577206900; 7005542818; 55273034500; 7404279088
A new model for long-distance movement of earthquake induced landslide
(2010), Cited 8 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-78751481943&partnerID=40&md5=c036992c8dccb4981502ce39804848f6

AFFILIATIONS: Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Japan; Institute of Earthquake Science, Beijing, CEA, China; Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Japan; Institute of Earthquake Science, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: A new model called Multiplex Acceleration Model (MAM) is presented for understanding the mechanism of long run-out distance of an earthquake induced landslide. The collision behavior between a falling stone and the slope is analyzed by both theoretical and numerical methods. The effect of earthquake on the run-out distance is investigated by shaking table tests. The landslide induced by the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake in Donghekou is simulated by numerical method DDA. Copyright 2010 ARMA, American Rock Mechanics Association.
INDEX KEYWORDS: Acceleration models; Collision behavior; Earthquake-induced landslides; New model; Runout distances; Shaking table tests; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes; Landslides; Rock mechanics; Rocks; Numerical methods
REFERENCES: Commentary on the Law Concerning Disaster Prevention Due to Landslide, (2003); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2009); 
Shi, Genhua, DISCONTINUOUS DEFORMATION ANALYSIS., pp. 269-277, (1984)
SPONSORS: American Rock Mechanics Association
CONFERENCE NAME: 44th US Rock Mechanics Symposium and the 5th US/Canada Rock Mechanics Symposium
CONFERENCE DATE: 2010-06-27 through 2010-06-30
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Huang, J., Ju, N., Liu, H., Li, W.L., He, C.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Huang, Jian (56063226300); Ju, Nengpan (8377755300); Liu, Hanhu (9240308700); Li, Weile (25936551300); He, Chaoyang (36918503300)
56063226300; 8377755300; 9240308700; 25936551300; 36918503300
Information management system of landslides triggered by Wenchuan Earthquake on 12th May, 2008 - Based on WebGIS and database technology
(2010), art. no. 5660411, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.1109/ICEEE.2010.5660411
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-78651517844&doi=10.1109%2FICEEE.2010.5660411&partnerID=40&md5=f555b9c869b87ca053a1c0df485dd07b

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: Wenchuan Earthquake triggered more than thousands of landslides, which seriously threatened the lives and properties of local people in the disaster areas. Even though emergency investigation and monitoring have been carried on after the earthquake in order to make sure the reconstruction work well, there is still need an effective way to manage the considerable disaster information immediately. This paper presents a preliminary study of a WebGIS-based approach to the representation, organization and access of geohazard information- including map & data query, statistic, spatial analysis and early warning. The system is not only to assist in the decision-making process for administrator to prevention disaster, but also to provide a platform for the more end-users with limited GIS knowledge to understand the geohazard and a cost-saving solution to access up-to-date spatial datasets customized for a specific topic. ©2010 IEEE.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Geohazard; Information management system; Wenchuan Earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Cost-saving; Data query; Database technology; Decision making process; Disaster areas; Disaster Information; Early warning; End-users; Geohazard; Information management system; Information management systems; Local people; Spatial analysis; Spatial datasets; Web-GIS; Wenchuan Earthquake; Decision making; Disaster prevention; Earthquakes; Hazards; Landslides; Information management
REFERENCES: Huang, Runqiu, Research on development and distribution rules of geohazards induced by Wenchuan earthquake on 12th May, 2008, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 27, 12, pp. 2585-2592, (2008); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2008); 
Mathiyalagan, V., A WebGIS and geodatabase for Florida's wetlands, Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 47, 1, pp. 69-75, (2005); 
Shan-Jun, Mao, Design and development of safety production management information system based on a digital coalmine, Procedia Earth and Planetary Science, 1, 1, pp. 1121-1127, (2009); 
Design and Implementation of Webgis Based Forecasting and Early Warning Information System for Burst Geological Hazards, (2007); 
Pessina, Vera, A WebGis tool for seismic hazard scenarios and risk analysis, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 29, 9, pp. 1274-1281, (2009); 
Helbing, Dirk, Assessing interaction networks with applications to catastrophe dynamics and disaster management, Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, 328, 3-4, pp. 584-606, (2003); 
Zhou, Yanxi, An object-relational prototype of GIS-based disaster database, Procedia Earth and Planetary Science, 1, 1, pp. 1060-1066, (2009); 
Walker, Gordon P., The people and the hazard: The spatial context of major accident hazard management in Britain, Applied Geography, 20, 2, pp. 119-135, (2000); 
Earth Science Frontiers, (2007)
SPONSORS: IEEE Consumer Electronics Society, Henan Polytechnic University, Huazhong Normal University
CONFERENCE NAME: 2010 International Conference on E-Product E-Service and E-Entertainment, ICEEE2010
CONFERENCE DATE: 2010-11-07 through 2010-11-09
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Feng, W.-K., Huang, R., Xu, Q.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Feng, Wenkai (7402350874); Huang, Runqiu (55835407700); Xu, Qiang (56506033600)
7402350874; 55835407700; 56506033600
Analysis of the development, distribution rules and risk of slope shattering deformation
(2010) Journal of Chengdu University of Technology (Science and Technology Edition), 37 (6), pp. 679 - 684, Cited 2 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-78651295930&partnerID=40&md5=c4b583c040a8603ff8c058647ac46b48

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: The Wenchuan earthquake on May 12, 2008 led to shattering deformation of a large number of mountains. The potential damage is serious. To knowing well its characteristics and regular patterns and summarize its dangerous methods will provide a powerful foundation for the reconstruction after the earthquake, hazard resistant and reduction, and so on. Combined with a large number of investigation examples and vibrator platform simulation researches for Qingchuan in Sichuan, (Qingchuan is one of harder-hit area and has more typical slope shattering distribution and development) , this paper analyses the foundational formation mechanics on a trial, and generalizes the development and distribution characteristics of the slope shattering deformation systematically. Based on this, it analyses the internal and external causes which influence the shattering slope stability and puts forward the preliminary grading evaluation criterion for risks. The shattering slopes have distinctive characteristics and laws different from common landslides, and the forecasting risk method is other than common landslide, too. So it suggests that the risk evaluation method should be studied systematically combined with the emergency regulatory engineerings which have been promoted totally.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Development characteristics; Distribution rule; Formation mechanism; Risk evaluation method; Shattering slope
INDEX KEYWORDS: computer simulation; debris flow; deformation; forecasting method; formation mechanism; landslide; risk assessment; slope failure; slope stability; China; Qingchuan; Sichuan
REFERENCES: undefined, (2011); 
undefined, (2011); 
undefined, (2011); 
undefined, (2011); 
undefined, (2011); 
undefined, (2011); 
undefined, (2011); 
undefined, (2011)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wei, F., Chernomorets, S., Aristov, K., Petrakov, D., Tutubalina, O., Su, P.C., Jiang, Y., Xu, A., Petrasov, A.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wei, Fangqiang (14033564100); Chernomorets, Sergey S. (15131000100); Aristov, Konstantin A. (36665747800); Petrakov, Dmitry A. (15081122600); Tutubalina, Olga (6507141826); Su, Pengcheng (55234493100); Jiang, Yuhong (7404832288); Xu, Aisong (36705412500); Petrasov, Alexey (36705020900)
14033564100; 15131000100; 36665747800; 15081122600; 6507141826; 55234493100; 7404832288; 36705412500; 36705020900
A Seismically triggered landslide in the Niujuan valley near the epicenter of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake
(2010) Journal of Earth Science, 21 (6), pp. 901 - 909, Cited 11 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s12583-010-0143-8
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-78649968091&doi=10.1007%2Fs12583-010-0143-8&partnerID=40&md5=c5b3457f1c6a1819b6b7a899ef4606ed

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Faculty of Geography, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Moscow Oblast, Russian Federation; Sergeev Institute of Environmental Geoscience RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation
ABSTRACT: The Wenchuan (Chinese Source) earthquake on 12 May 2008 induced a large number of landslides, collapses, and rockfalls along the Longmenshan (Chinese Source) fault. The landslide in Niujuan (Chinese Source) Valley (named Niujuan landslide), close to the epicenter, is one that travelled a long distance with damaging consequences. Using QuickBird satellite images and GIS tools, the seismogenic mass movements are analyzed, and the movement phases, travel path, and post-catastrophic processes of Niujuan landslide are described and discussed. Image interpretation and a GPS survey showed that the mass movements denuded 37% of the research area. The Niujuan landslide moved 1 950 m along the Lianhuaxingou (Chinese Source) stream, transformed to a debris avalanche, and accumulated in the downstream bed of Niujuan Valley, where they formed a dam 30 m in height, blocking the Niujuan stream and creating a barrier lake basin with 0.11 million m3 storage capacity. Subsequent to the Niujuan landslide, debris flows have been more active in Lianhuaxingou and Niujuan valleys because of the accumulated mass of debris. © 2010 China University of Geosciences and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: debris avalanche; debris flow; landslide; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: debris avalanche; denudation; earthquake epicenter; GIS; landslide; QuickBird; rockfall; Sichuan earthquake 2008; China; Longmen Mountains
REFERENCES: Cui, Peng, The 12 May Wenchuan earthquake-induced landslide lakes: Distribution and preliminary risk evaluation, Landslides, 6, 3, pp. 209-223, (2009); 
EOS Trans Agu, (2010); 
Sato, Hiroshi P., Interpretation of earthquake-induced landslides triggered by the 12 May 2008, M7.9 Wenchuan earthquake in the Beichuan area, Sichuan Province, China using satellite imagery and Google Earth, Landslides, 6, 2, pp. 153-159, (2009); 
Wang, Fawu, Preliminary investigation of some large landslides triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan Province, China, Landslides, 6, 1, pp. 47-54, (2009); 
Wang, Weimin, Rupture process of the MS 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake of Sichuan, China, Acta Geophysica Sinica, 51, 5, pp. 1403-1410, (2008); 
Xu, Qiang, Landslide dams triggered by the Wenchuan Earthquake, Sichuan Province, south west China, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 68, 3, pp. 373-386, (2009); 
Yin, Yueping, Landslide hazards triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China, Landslides, 6, 2, pp. 139-152, (2009)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Kusky, T.M., Ghulam, A., Wang, L., Liu, J., Li, Z., Chen, X.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Kusky, Timothy M. (35234213100); Ghulam, Abduwasit (6507293434); Wang, Lu (57218276158); Liu, Jianguo (36077207500); Li, Zhongquan (8132866000); Chen, Xiao (59640476800)
35234213100; 6507293434; 57218276158; 36077207500; 8132866000; 59640476800
Focusing seismic energy along faults through time-variable rupture modes: Wenchuan earthquake, China
(2010) Journal of Earth Science, 21 (6), pp. 910 - 922, Cited 13 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s12583-010-0144-7
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-78649949021&doi=10.1007%2Fs12583-010-0144-7&partnerID=40&md5=a4dff9300a9f3fd181e8b4ed342dde33

AFFILIATIONS: Three Gorges Research Center for Geo-hazard, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China; School of Science and Engineering, St. Louis, MO, United States; Three Gorges Research Center for Geo-hazard, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Department of Marine Geology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China; Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Geosciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: Field analysis and differential interferometry derived from Synthetic Aperture Radar (PALSAR) of the epicentral area of the May 12 2008 M<inf>w</inf> 8.0 Wenchuan (Chinese Source) earthquake zone reveal details about fault ruptures and ground displacements, with field-documented vertical offsets reaching 12 m along the trace of the main fault rupture, and PALSAR-measured horizontal displacements reaching 12.3 m. We document slip indicators on the fault scarp that show initially sub-horizontal then progressively steeper slip increments with time along the same fault during the 2 min earthquake, suggesting that the rupture propagated as a mixed Mode II-III fracture, with strike-slip movement at the tip directing energy from the initial rupture to points north of the epicenter, followed by vertical displacement in the interior of the slipped region. Field, seismic, and PALSAR-measured displacements are dominantly thrust near the epicentral region, and dextral in northeasterly areas, showing that slip was partitioned along the fault in space and time during the earthquake. The changing slip directions may correlate with three main pulses of energy release at 0, 23, and 57 s during the earthquake as recorded by seismograms. The earthquake generated massive landslides >100 km north of the epicenter along the trace of the fault. These massive sturzstroms formed where entire mountainsides collapsed and moved at high velocity down populated mountain valleys, jumping smaller mountains and ricocheting off steep canyon walls. These avalanches rode on cushions of water and compressed air that generated air blasts from beneath the debris, knocking down trees high on opposing mountain slopes. The concentration of massive landslides and ground deformation so far north of the epicenter was related to the Mode II-III fracture propagation focusing seismic energy along the fault towards the north, explaining why so much devastation occurred >100 km from the epicenter, such as in the destroyed city of Beichuan (Chinese Source). Understanding near-surface earthquake processes and geological hazards associated with massive earthquakes in populated mountainous areas has the potential to save many lives in the future. © 2010 China University of Geosciences and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: China; Longmenshan; neotectonics; PALSAR; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: earthquake epicenter; fault displacement; fracture propagation; landslide; neotectonics; radar interferometry; rupture; Sichuan earthquake 2008; strike-slip fault; synthetic aperture radar; China; Longmen Mountains
REFERENCES: Burchfiel, B. Clark, Tectonics of the Longmen Shan and Adjacent Regions, Central China, International Geology Review, 37, 8, pp. 661-735, (1995); 
Burchfiel, B. Clark, A geological and geophysical context for the Wenchuan earthquake of 12 May 2008, Sichuan, People's Republic of China, GSA Today, 18, 7, pp. 4-11, (2008); 
Atlas of Sichuan Geology China, (1989); 
Eberhart-Phillips, Donna M., The 2002 Denali fault earthquake, Alaska: A large magnitude, slip-partitioned event, Science, 300, 5622, pp. 1113-1118, (2003); 
Goldstein, Richard M., Radar interferogram filtering for geophysical applications, Geophysical Research Letters, 25, 21, pp. 4035-4038, (1998); 
Hao, Ken Xiansheng, Coseismic surface-ruptures and crustal deformations of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake MW 7.9, China, Geophysical Research Letters, 36, 11, (2009); 
Bergsturz Und Menschenleben, (1932); 
Catastrophic Landslides in China, (2008); 
Iverson, Richard M., How should mathematical models of geomorphic processes be judged?, Geophysical Monograph Series, 135, pp. 83-94, (2003); 
Kirby, Eric, Neotectonics of the Min Shan, China: Implications for mechanisms driving Quaternary deformation along the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 112, 3, pp. 375-393, (2000)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Bjerrum, L.W., Atakan, K., Sørensen, M.B.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Bjerrum, Louise Wedderkopp (36179427300); Atakan, Kuvvet (6603558070); Sørensen, Mathilde Bøttger (15127740000)
36179427300; 6603558070; 15127740000
Reconnaissance report and preliminary ground motion simulation of the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake
(2010) Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 8 (6), pp. 1569 - 1601, Cited 9 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s10518-010-9198-2
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-78649764754&doi=10.1007%2Fs10518-010-9198-2&partnerID=40&md5=00de21a3bbf8d28ed692777d898d4b18

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Earth Science, Universitetet i Bergen, Bergen, Hordaland, Norway; Section 3.6, GFZ Helmholtz Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany
ABSTRACT: The M<inf>w</inf> = 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake of May 12, 2008, caused destruction over a wide area. The earthquake cost more than 69,000 lives and the damage is reported to have left more than 5 million people homeless. It is estimated that 5. 36 million buildings were destroyed and 21 million buildings were damaged in Sichuan and the nearby provinces. Economic losses due to the event are estimated to be 124 billion USD. From a field reconnaissance trip conducted in October 2008, it is evident that the combination of several factors, including mountainous landscape, strong ground shaking, extensive landslides and rock-falls, has exacerbated the human and economic consequences of this earthquake. Extensive damage occurred over a wide area due to the shear size of the earthquake rupture combined with poor quality building construction. In order to investigate the ground shaking during the earthquake, we have conducted a strong ground motion simulation study, applying a hybrid broadband frequency technique. The preliminary results show large spatial variation in the ground shaking, with the strongest ground motions along the fault plane. The simulation results have been calibrated against the recorded ground motion from several near-field stations in the area, and acceleration values of the order of 1 g are obtained, similar to what was recorded during the event. Comparison with the damage distribution observed in the field confirms that the effect of fault rupture complexity on the resulting ground motion distribution also controls to a large extent the damage distribution. The applied simulation technique provides a promising platform for predictive studies. © 2010 The Author(s).
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Damage distribution; Field reconnaissance; Ground motion simulation; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Broadband frequency; Building construction; Damage distribution; Earthquake rupture; Economic consequences; Economic loss; Fault planes; Fault ruptures; Field reconnaissance; Ground motions; Ground-motion simulation; Ground-shaking; Near-field; Sichuan; Simulation result; Simulation technique; Spatial variations; Strong ground motion; Wenchuan Earthquake; Wide area; Earthquakes; acceleration; earthquake damage; earthquake rupture; economic impact; fault plane; field survey; ground motion; landslide; rockfall; Sichuan earthquake 2008; spatial variation; China; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Bjerrum, Louise Wedderkopp, Strong ground-motion simulation of the 12 may 2008 Mw 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake, using various slip models, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 100, 5 B, pp. 2396-2424, (2010); 
Bull Seism Soc Am, (1983); 
Bull Seism Soc Am, (1981); 
Burchfiel, B. Clark, A geological and geophysical context for the Wenchuan earthquake of 12 May 2008, Sichuan, People's Republic of China, GSA Today, 18, 7, pp. 4-11, (2008); 
Casualities in Sw China S Worst Earthquake, (2010); 
Dai, J., Wenchuan earthquake: Response of Chinese dental professionals, British Dental Journal, 206, 5, pp. 273-276, (2009); 
Guide to the Trip to the 5 12 Sichuan Earthquake Area for the 14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, (2008); 
Fukushima, Yoshimitsu, A new attenuation relation for peak horizontal acceleration of strong earthquake ground motion in Japan, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 80, 4, pp. 757-783, (1990); 
Hubbard, Judith A., Uplift of the Longmen Shan and Tibetan plateau, and the 2008 Wenchuan (M = 7.9) earthquake, Nature, 458, 7235, pp. 194-197, (2009); 
Prediction of Strong Acceleration Motion Using Empirical Green S Functions, (1986)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; HYBRID GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Zhang, J., Shen, X.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhang, Jinshan (36643093600); Shen, Xingju (35212018800)
36643093600; 35212018800
Evaluation model on increase coefficient of degree of risk about debris flow ditches after the Wenchuan earthquake
(2010), art. no. 5576316, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.1109/ICMSS.2010.5576316
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-78649399561&doi=10.1109%2FICMSS.2010.5576316&partnerID=40&md5=0bdc79fc81bd692f3767f581ff8b10d9

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Department of Tourism and History Cultural, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: The Wenchuan Earthquake has not only induced a great deal of collapse and landslide immediately, but also reduced intensity of rock and soil mass in drainage basin, which makes them more liable to be eroded, so that abundant solid matter is provided for formation of debris flow. Activity of debris flow is frequent in disaster area after the earthquake, and great losses have been caused. Evaluation on degree of risk of debris flow ditches is necessary condition for post-disaster reconstruction. Research of evaluation on fatalness of debris flow has acquired quiet great progress at present, and is applied extensively in practice of disaster prevention and reduction. However, rock and soil mass caused by earthquake becomes more incompact, features of barrier dam shaped by earthquake are difficult to be expressed by routine parameter, consequently method for evaluation on degree of risk of debris flow established under general conditions is confined in application of evaluation of degree of risk of debris flow in disaster area after the earthquake. Three important parameters i.e. increment of solid matter after earthquake, seismic intensity and scale of barrier dam are selected in this paper, and evaluation method on increase coefficient of degree of risk of debris flow is put forward after earthquake based on design flow of debris flow. By validation of calculation of 9 typical debris flow ditches in disaster area, increase of degree of risk of debris flow in May 12th disaster area after earthquake can be assessed by this new method rapidly and precisely. © 2010 IEEE.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Barrier dam; Debris flow; Degree of risk; Disaster area of Wenchuan earthquake; Increase coefficient
INDEX KEYWORDS: Barrier dam; Debris flow; Degree of risks; Disaster area of Wenchuan earthquake; Increase coefficient; Catchments; Dams; Design; Disaster prevention; Earthquakes; Management science; Parameter estimation; Seismic design; Soils; Debris
REFERENCES: Journal of Mountain Science, (2008); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2008); 
National Debris Flow Conference Proceedings, (1980); 
Shieh, Cheng-Lun Lun, Variability in rainfall threshold for debris flow after the Chi-Chi earthquake in central Taiwan, China, International Journal of Sediment Research, 24, 2, pp. 177-188, (2009); 
An Influence of Earthquake on the Occurrence of Landslide and Debris Flow, (2008); 
Chen, Ningsheng, Testing study on strength reduction of gravelly soil in triggering area of debris flow under earthquake, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 23, 16, pp. 2743-2747, (2004); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2009); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2009); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2009); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2025)
SPONSORS: IEEE Wuhan Section, Sichuan University, Wuhan University, James Madison University
CONFERENCE NAME: 2010 International Conference on Management and Service Science, MASS 2010
CONFERENCE DATE: 2010-08-24 through 2010-08-26
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wu, A., Yang, Q., Ma, G., Lu, B., Li, X.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wu, Aiqing (22735305600); Yang, Qigui (59602918300); Ma, Guisheng (36617531300); Lu, Bo (59835840100); Li, Xiaojun (55818809900)
22735305600; 59602918300; 36617531300; 59835840100; 55818809900
Study on the formation mechanism of Tanjiashan landslide triggered by Wenchuan earthquake using DDA simulation
(2010), pp. 27 - 36, Cited 1 times.
DOI: 10.3850/9789810844554
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-78149334412&doi=10.3850%2F9789810844554&partnerID=40&md5=03661b38cf2aae5a63d05ae3b9879821

AFFILIATIONS: Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan, China; Changjiang Institute of Survey, Planning, Design and Research, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Institute of Engineering Mechanics, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing, China
REFERENCES: Journal of Engineering Geology, (2008); 
Yangtze River, (2008); 
Yangtze River, (2008); 
Discontinuous Deformation Analysis A New Numerical Model for the Statics and Dynamics of Block Systems, (1988); 
MacLaughlin, Mary M., Investigation of slope-stability kinematics using discontinuous deformation analysis, International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 38, 5, pp. 753-762, (2001); 
Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Analysis of Discontinuous Deformation, (2003); 
Hatzor, Yossef H., The validity of dynamic block displacement prediction using DDA, International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 38, 4, pp. 599-606, (2001); 
Process of Seventh International Conference on the Analysis of Discontinuous Deformation Icadd 7, (2005); 
Li, Xiaojun, Strong motion observations and recordings from the great Wenchuan Earthquake, Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, 7, 3, pp. 235-246, (2008); 
Earthquake Research in Sichuan, (2008)
SPONSORS: Tritech Group Pte Ltd, Basissoft, LLP, The Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute, Advance Contech (S) Pte Ltd, SK E and C Singapore Branch
CONFERENCE NAME: 9th International Conference on Analysis of Discontinuous Deformation, ICADD
CONFERENCE DATE: 2009-11-25 through 2009-11-27
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Chen, X.-L., Zhou, B.-G., Ran, H.-L., Wang, M.-M.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Chen, Xiaoli (8346444100); Zhou, Benjang Gang (8289961000); Ran, Hongliu (36792615400); Wang, Mingming (35756975200)
8346444100; 8289961000; 36792615400; 35756975200
Analysis and prediction of the spatial distribution of landslides triggered by Wenchuan earthquakes in Leiguzhen region
(2010) Jilin Daxue Xuebao (Diqiu Kexue Ban)/Journal of Jilin University (Earth Science Edition), 40 (6), pp. 1371 - 1379, Cited 9 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-78651360837&partnerID=40&md5=c93ef95dd86f9d137b5c5acd4bb3918a

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: It is useful to study the relationship between distribution of earthquake-induced landslides and influencing factors in order to predict potential hazard places in the future land using. The Wenchuan Earthquake in 8.0 M<inf>s</inf> on May 12 triggered a lot of slopes to failure including landslides, rock falls and debris flows. The study area is about 180 km2 and located at Leiguzhen of Beichuan region where the slope-failure hazard is severe. The slope gradient, elevation and aspect are chosen as the influencing factors of the slope-failure distribution. Their relationships with the distribution of slope failures are analyzed using CF and R<inf>ji</inf>. The research shows that:1) Landslides occurred more frequently at the elevation lower than 1000 m. 2)With the increasing of the slope gradient, the occurrence probability of the slope failure becomes higher. The slope failures concentrate in the areas with the gradient greater than 30°. 3) More slope failures occurred at the slopes facing E, NE, and SE. Both predict methods based on factors susceptibility analysis and discrimination analysis, show consistently in the zoning results of high hazard and low hazard. About 66% slope failures occurred in the places classifying as high and second to high degree hazard zone based on the factors susceptibility analysis, and about 73% slope failures occurred in the places judged as unstable by discrimination analysis. The factors used in discrimination analysis method such as slope gradient, curvature and seismic acceleration have widely influence on occurring of earthquake-triggered landslides.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Area develop ratio; Certainty factor; Earthquake; Landslides; Prediction
INDEX KEYWORDS: Area develop ratio; Certainty factors; Debris flows; Discrimination analysis; Earthquake-induced landslides; Failure distributions; Hazard zones; Influencing factor; Occurrence probability; Potential hazards; Prediction; Rockfalls; Seismic accelerations; Slope failure; Slope gradients; Spatial distribution; Study areas; Wenchuan Earthquake; Debris; Earthquakes; Landslides; Rock bursts; Forecasting
REFERENCES: Teng, Jiwen, The dynamical mechanism for medium rapture and motion of deep matler on Wenchuan-Yingxiu Ms8.0 earthquarce, 2008, Jilin Daxue Xuebao (Diqiu Kexue Ban)/Journal of Jilin University (Earth Science Edition), 39, 4, pp. 559-583, (2009); 
Newmark, Nathan M., Effects of earthquakes on dams and embankments, Geotechnique, 15, 2, pp. 139-160, (1965); 
Gazetas, George C., Seismic response of earth dams: some recent developments, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 6, 1, pp. 2-47, (1987); 
Jibson, Randall W., A method for producing digital probabilistic seismic landslide hazard maps, Engineering Geology, 58, 3-4, pp. 271-289, (2000); 
Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, (1998); 
Keefer, David K., LANDSLIDES CAUSED BY EARTHQUAKES., Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 95, 4, pp. 406-421, (1984); 
Journal of Natural Disasters, (1997); 
Wang, Y. Q., Study on comprehensive index method for predicting earthquake-induced landslides, Yantu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 23, 3, (2001); 
Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, (1996); 
Chen, Xiaoli, Application of RBPNN in the research of earthquake-induced landslide, Dizhen Dizhi, 28, 3, pp. 430-440, (2006)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zhang, X.-F., He, Z.-W., Xue, D.-J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhang, Xuefeng (37007238900); He, Zhengwei (7403885268); Xue, Dongjian (36816510500)
37007238900; 7403885268; 36816510500
RS-Based geological features investigation and stability analyses in wenjiaba landslide
(2010) Wutan Huatan Jisuan Jishu, 32 (6), pp. 674 - 676, Cited 0 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-78650005944&partnerID=40&md5=46e06eff4e4998efc51b97d577a854f9

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; College of Geosciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Key Lab of Resource Environment, Capital Normal University, Beijing, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: The Wenjiaba landslide of Pingwu County was triggered by Wenchuan earthquake, and when it occurred it has blocked the river and formed a barrier lake which brought the risky for Nanba town and a manganese factory at downstream. So it is necessary to investigate the geological features and to analysis the stability of the landslide. By interpreting a postearthquake SPOT image of Pingwu County, the geological features , such as the geomorphic factors, the material composition, the vegetation coverage and the hydrological condition were identified. On the base of that, Wenjiaba landslide was considered as a large retrogressive landslide and was still not stable at present, it may be re-slide on a certain condition. Some prevention suggestions for potential risks was proposed in the final.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Geological features; Landslide; RS; Stability; Wenjiaba landslide
INDEX KEYWORDS: landslide; remote sensing; satellite imagery; Sichuan earthquake 2008; site investigation; SPOT; stability analysis; China; Pingwu; Sichuan
REFERENCES: undefined, (2010); 
undefined, (2010); 
undefined, (2010); 
undefined, (2010); 
undefined, (2010); 
undefined, (2010)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Yuan, R., Xiwei, X., Chen, G.-H., Tan, X., Klinger, Y., Xing, H.-L.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Yuan, Renmao (7202708506); Xiwei, Xu (8246843900); Chen, Guihua (55733464100); Tan, Xinbin (35184143700); Klinger, Yann (6602157334); Xing, Huilin (56126944700)
7202708506; 8246843900; 55733464100; 35184143700; 6602157334; 56126944700
Ejection landslide at northern terminus of beichuan rupture triggered by the 2008 Mw 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake
(2010) Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 100 (5 B), pp. 2689 - 2699, Cited 31 times.
DOI: 10.1785/0120090256
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-78149472156&doi=10.1785%2F0120090256&partnerID=40&md5=d3baf87b1682070f75a541034bb6ad3b

AFFILIATIONS: National Center for Active Fault StudiesInstitute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing, China; CNRS Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, Ile-de-France, France; School of Earth Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
ABSTRACT: On 12 May 2008, the M<inf>w</inf> 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake triggered widespread damaging landslides in many parts of the Longmen Shan area. Among these landslides, the Donghekou ejection landslide is quite special. It is located at the northeast end of the Beichuan rupture, and it has caused a great loss of life at the villages of Donghekou, Qinchuan, and Sichuan Provinces. Because of its special location, this ejection landslide differs from landslides caused by gravity or rainstorms only; the sliding surface is not uniformly continuous. Instead, two sections can be distinguished: an upper section with a step sliding surface and a lower section more gently dipping. The landslide started with material ejection caused by large local seismic acceleration, throwing rocks into the air with a parabolic trajectory before they fell back to the ground. In this paper, we analyze geologic and geomorphologic conditions that favored the occurrence of this landslide, and we introduce a simple tectonicgeomorphology model to explain the mechanism that led to the ejection landslide. We find that the location of the landslide zone, along with the domino-like ground tension cracks observed on both sides of the Beichuan rupture, is controlled by the propagation of the rupture. Our result also suggests that, in addition to local seismic shaking intensity, horizontal acceleration, and geomorphologic and geologic conditions, the vertical acceleration and the style of faulting could also play an important role in the occurrence of earthquake-triggered landslides.
INDEX KEYWORDS: Geologic conditions; Horizontal acceleration; Loss of life; Material ejection; Parabolic trajectories; Seismic accelerations; Seismic shaking; Sichuan province; Sliding surface; Tension cracks; Two section; Vertical accelerations; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes; Geomorphology; Thunderstorms; Landslides; earthquake intensity; earthquake magnitude; earthquake mechanism; earthquake rupture; earthquake trigger; geomorphology; landslide; Sichuan earthquake 2008; tectonic setting; Beichuan; China; Longmen Mountains; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Abrahamson, Norman A.Bolt, Effects of the hanging wall and footwall on ground motions recorded during the Northridge earthquake, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 86, 1 SUPPL. B, pp. S93-S99, (1996); 
Bulmer, Mark H.K., Landslide hazards after the 2005 Kashmir earthquake, Eos, 88, 5, pp. 53-55, (2007); 
Landslide Disasters of Taiwan Geohazard Report Central Geological Survey Moea, (2000); 
Chang, Emmy Tsui Yu, Quantification of hanging-wall effects on ground motion: Some insights from the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 94, 6, pp. 2186-2197, (2004); 
Chen, Guihua, Co-seismic slip and slip partitioning of multi-faults during the M s8.0 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Acta Geophysica Sinica, 52, 5, pp. 1384-1394, (2009); 
Chen, Jiu Hui, Seismotectonic study by relocation of the Wenchuan Ms8.0 earthquake sequence, Acta Geophysica Sinica, 52, 2, pp. 390-397, (2009); 
Chigira, Masahiro, Geological causes and geomorphological precursors of the Tsaoling landslide triggered by the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake, Taiwan, Engineering Geology, 68, 3-4, pp. 259-273, (2003); 
Acta Geologica Sinica, (2008); 
Dunning, Stuart A., The Hattian Bala rock avalanche and associated landslides triggered by the Kashmir Earthquake of 8 October 2005, Engineering Geology, 93, 3-4, pp. 130-144, (2007); 
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, (1979)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Qi, S.-W., Xu, Q., Lan, H., Zhang, B., Liu, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Qi, Shengwen (55411952900); Xu, Qiang (56506033600); Lan, Hengxing (7102710925); Zhang, Bing (8835983800); Liu, Jianyou (23393070000)
55411952900; 56506033600; 7102710925; 8835983800; 23393070000
Spatial distribution analysis of landslides triggered by 2008.5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake, China
(2010) Engineering Geology, 116 (1-2), pp. 95 - 108, Cited 335 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2010.07.011
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77957800156&doi=10.1016%2Fj.enggeo.2010.07.011&partnerID=40&md5=adaf924af28160d8e16d1345fff076ec

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Engineering Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenviroment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Center for Earth Observation and Digital Earth, Haidian, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: The 2008.5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake (seismic magnitude M<inf>w</inf> 7.9 according to the USGS) triggered a great number of landslides. A spatial database of landslides is built by interpreting the remote sensing (RS) data which covers 11 counties severely damaged by the earthquake with area of about 31,686.12km2. The geological settings of the study area are detailed mapped including geologic structure and lithology. The digital elevation model (DEM) of the study area with resolution of 30m×30m is presented to address the topographic characteristics. Correlations between the occurrence of landslides with geological settings i.e. active faults (the coseismic surface ruptures), geological unit, slope gradient, slope elevation as well as slope aspect are analyzed using spatial modeling in GIS with the aids of field investigations. It can be concluded that the distance to the causative faults and slope gradient are much more important than other factors. Landslides are clustered distributed along the causative faults of F2 and F3, and landslides incidence are dramatically decreasing with the increasing of the distance to the causative faults. The landslides incidence has an obvious increase near the active faults i.e. F1. Landslide concentration (LC, landslides/km2) has an obvious exponent increase with slope gradient. However, LC has no obvious relationship with geological unit and slope elevation; the difference of LC value in each geological unit (each slope elevation category) maybe have been the result affected by slope gradient for each geological unit (each slope elevation category) and distance of each geological unit (each slope elevation category) to causative fault zone. Isoseismal map reflects the incidence of landslides in some degree, and LC increases dramatically with Intensity increasing, almost all landslides occurred in the region above VI degree. Statistics result also indicates that in the near field of causative faults, landslides tend to have the initial sliding direction similar to the movement of the causative faults. And preliminary study shows that landslides incidence varies in different slopes with different structure, and consequent slopes and obsequent slopes have a higher landslides incidence than other layered slopes. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: 2008.5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake; Landslide; Slope; Spatial analysis
INDEX KEYWORDS: Active fault; Coseismic surface rupture; Different slopes; Different structure; Digital elevation model; Fault zone; Field investigation; Geologic structures; Geological setting; Geological units; Layered slope; Near fields; Remote sensing data; Sliding direction; Slope; Slope aspect; Slope gradients; Spatial analysis; Spatial database; Spatial distribution analysis; Spatial modeling; Study areas; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes; Lithology; Remote sensing; Surveying; Landslides; digital elevation model; earthquake trigger; GIS; isoseismal map; landslide; remote sensing; Sichuan earthquake 2008; slope dynamics; slope failure; spatial analysis; spatial distribution; China
REFERENCES: Burchfiel, B. Clark, Tectonics of the Longmen Shan and Adjacent Regions, Central China, International Geology Review, 37, 8, pp. 661-735, (1995); 
Burchfiel, B. Clark, A geological and geophysical context for the Wenchuan earthquake of 12 May 2008, Sichuan, People's Republic of China, GSA Today, 18, 7, pp. 4-11, (2008); 
Earth Science Frontiers, (2008); 
Ioseismal Map of the Wenchuan Earthquake, (2010); 
undefined, (2001); 
Copley, Alex C., Models of crustal flow in the India-Asia collision zone, Geophysical Journal International, 169, 2, pp. 683-698, (2007); 
Cruden, David M., A simple definition of a landslide, Bulletin of the International Association of Engineering Geology - Bulletin de l'Association Internationale de Géologie de l'Ingénieur, 43, 1, pp. 27-29, (1991); 
Atlas of Seismological and Geological Disasters Associated with the 12 May 2008 Ms 8 0 Wenchuan Great Earthquake Sichuan China, (2009); 
Geological Topology of Sichuan Province, (1991); 
Houseman, Gregory A., Crustal thickening versus lateral expulsion in the Indian-Asian continental collision, Journal of Geophysical Research, 98, B7, pp. 12-249, (1993)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zhang, J., Yang, P., Zhou, C., Wei, C., Zhang, L., Zhang, B., Li, G.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhang, Jun (57221660168); Yang, Panxin (16641530300); Zhou, Chenghu (7403347013); Wei, Chengjie (7401658054); Zhang, Ling (57168861400); Zhang, Ben'gang (15072325800); Li, Guoqiang (57211596439)
57221660168; 16641530300; 7403347013; 7401658054; 57168861400; 15072325800; 57211596439
Impact on the distribution of medicinal plant habitat by Wenchuan earthquake
(2010), art. no. 5567869, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.1109/GEOINFORMATICS.2010.5567869
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77958074966&doi=10.1109%2FGEOINFORMATICS.2010.5567869&partnerID=40&md5=411f1fb0127df30a219637b3475379da

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Institute of Earthquake Science, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing, China; Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Institute of Remote Sensing Application Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; Institute of Microbiology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Longmen Shan tectonic belt located in West Sichuan Plateau, which keeps the good forests outlook and provides a unique natural environment for the growth of medicinal plants because of its unique geological features. It is a area that is one of the most abundant biological diversity in China and the whole world range, and also is the one of the most concentrated area of the origin of Chinese herbal medicines in Sichuan Province and China. Wenchuan Earthquake induced thousands of landslides, debris flows, which made a huge impact on the medicinal plant habitat by means of severe fragmentation. In this paper, through evaluating and integrating the multi-period remote sensing image data and basic geographic information data of the Longmen Shan region after earthquake by grid technology, the image group that covers the whole Longmen Shan belt and reflects the different features of ground object is acquired. Characters of Wenchuan earthquake disaster distributing is interpreted and analyzed by geographic information system platform for spatial analysis with the image group. Combine with the life habits of medicinal plants in this area and the main ecological factors impacting the spatial distribution pattern of medicinal plants, the impact on distribution pattern of medicinal plants habits during the disaster discussed, as a result, medicinal plants habitat influenced in the shock in various environmental factors is concluded. It can provide the academic evidence for medicinal plant restoration in earthquake zone.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Distribution; Geographic information system; Medicinal plant habitat; Remote sensing; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Biological diversity; Chinese herbal medicines; Debris flows; Distribution; Distribution patterns; Earthquake zones; Ecological factors; Environmental factors; Geographic information; Geological features; Grid technologies; Ground objects; Medicinal plants; Multi-period; Natural environments; Remote sensing images; Sichuan province; Spatial analysis; Spatial distribution patterns; Tectonic belts; Wenchuan Earthquake; West Sichuan; Debris; Earthquakes; Ecosystems; Geographic information systems; Image reconstruction; Information systems; Medicine; Remote sensing; Technology transfer; Plants (botany)
REFERENCES: Sediment Geol Tethyan Geol, (2005); 
Zhou, Rongjun, Active tectonics of the eastern margin of the Tibet Plateau, Kuangwu Yanshi, 26, 2, pp. 40-51, (2006); 
Int Geol Rev, (1995); 
Scihuan Vegetation, (1988); 
Vegetation of China, (1980); 
China Chinese Medicine Resources, (1995); 
Regionalization of Medicinal Plant in China, (1995); 
Landscape Ecology Pattern Process Scale and Hierarchy, (2000); 
Davies, Kendi F., Effects of habitat fragmentation on carabid beetles: Experimental evidence, Journal of Animal Ecology, 67, 3, pp. 460-471, (1998); 
Fahrig, Lenore, Effects of Habitat Fragmentation on Biodiversity, Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, 34, pp. 487-515, (2003)
SPONSORS: IEEE GRSS, The Geographical Society of China
CONFERENCE NAME: 2010 18th International Conference on Geoinformatics, Geoinformatics 2010
CONFERENCE DATE: 2010-06-18 through 2010-06-20
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zhu, Z.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhu, Zhongli (55618627100)
55618627100
An earthquake-induced landslides risk assessment model using the ModelBuilder of ArcGIS
(2010), art. no. 5567701, Cited 3 times.
DOI: 10.1109/GEOINFORMATICS.2010.5567701
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77958072203&doi=10.1109%2FGEOINFORMATICS.2010.5567701&partnerID=40&md5=23250c8a7d3d33d8b14a0560ebe4f869

AFFILIATIONS: Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Earthquake commonly triggers landslides and induced huge disasters in mountainous regions, claims a great number of casualties and has been a major cause of damage to transport system. One of the recent examples is the Mw 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake of May 2008. Some attempts have been made to identify and zone the landslides hazards and to present them in the form of maps or inventories. However, at present, few methods have been developed for operational rapid evaluation and response to the landslide hazards during seismic events. In this paper, a simple but effective risk evaluation model for earthquake-induced landslide is introduced, which was developed using ModelBuilder in ArcGIS systems. Based on the analysis of the relationship between causative factors and landslide occurrence, the model is designed to facilitate quantitative and qualitative representation of earthquake conditions and knowledge on the geology, geomorphology. At the end of this article, the Wenchuan earthquake-induced landslides risk assessment map is presented, using the basic datasets only, which shows a good consistency with the investigation results.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Earthquake-induced landslide; ModelBuilder; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Assessment models; Data sets; Earthquake-induced landslides; Landslide hazard; Landslides hazards; ModelBuilder; Mountainous regions; Qualitative representation; Risk evaluation; Seismic event; Transport systems; Wenchuan Earthquake; Knowledge representation; Landslides; Risk assessment; Earthquakes
REFERENCES: American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting 2009, (2010); 
Huang, Runqiu, Development and distribution of geohazards triggered by the 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake in China, Science in China, Series E: Technological Sciences, 52, 4, pp. 810-819, (2009); 
HONG, Yang, Evaluation of the potential of NASA multi-satellite precipitation analysis in global landslide hazard assessment, Geophysical Research Letters, 33, 22, (2006); 
Proceedings of the 20th Asian Conference on Remote Sensing Acrs 1999 Hong Kong China 1999, (2010); 
Tang, Huiming, Characteristics of landslides induced by the great Wenchuan earthquake, Journal of Earth Science, 21, 1, pp. 104-113, (2010); 
Wang, Weimin, Rupture process of the MS 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake of Sichuan, China, Acta Geophysica Sinica, 51, 5, pp. 1403-1410, (2008); 
Xiwei, Xu, The MS8.0 Wenchuan earthquake surface ruptures and its seismogenic structure, Dizhen Dizhi, 30, 3, pp. 597-629, (2008); 
Yin, Jinhui, The characteristics of the landslides triggered by the Wenchuan Ms 8.0 earthquake from Anxian to Beichuan, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 37, 5-6, pp. 452-459, (2010); 
undefined, (2010); 
Integrated Analysis and Evaluation of the Wenchuan Earthquake Disaster, (2008)
SPONSORS: IEEE GRSS, The Geographical Society of China
CONFERENCE NAME: 2010 18th International Conference on Geoinformatics, Geoinformatics 2010
CONFERENCE DATE: 2010-06-18 through 2010-06-20
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Duyan, X., Zhao, Y., Li, Y., Cui, P., Wang, D.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Duyan, Xiakang (36705938500); Zhao, Yu (56511785900); Li, Yong (56044366400); Cui, Peng (56706923500); Wang, Dongyuan (55560807900)
36705938500; 56511785900; 56044366400; 56706923500; 55560807900
Probability distribution of landslides caused by earthquake - A case study in Wenchuan-Dujiangyan highway
(2010) Disaster Advances, 3 (4), pp. 233 - 235, Cited 1 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-78650050053&partnerID=40&md5=fecfcb2a2e1841aab33123cc3c626246

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Gibson model based on Newmark displacement is used to calculate the probability distribution of landslide triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake. The study area is taken at the Dujiangyan-Wenchuan highway, where 169 landslides were identified. It is found that the probability increases with the increase of the Newmark displacement. When the displacement is smaller than 14cm, the probability rises abruptly and it finally achieves the top value of 30% or so. It is also found that 83% of the landslide in the study area are under probability of 5% and only 3% of them have probability bigger than 20%.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Gibson model; Landslide triggered by earthquake; Newmark displacement; Probability
INDEX KEYWORDS: displacement; landslide; numerical model; probability; Sichuan earthquake 2008; China; Dujiangyan; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Keefer, David K., LANDSLIDES CAUSED BY EARTHQUAKES., Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 95, 4, pp. 406-421, (1984); 
Earthquake and Landslide Relations and Earthquake Landslide Forecast Discussion Proceedings of Landslides J, (1984); 
San Fernando California Earthquake of February 9 1971, (1971); 
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, (1983); 
Map Showing Slope Stability During Earthquakes of San Mateo County California, (1985); 
Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Seismology, (2000); 
Geological Review of Japan, (1978); 
Keefer, David K., Statiscal analysis of an earthquake-induced landslide distribution - The 1989 Loma Prieta, California event, Engineering Geology, 58, 3-4, pp. 231-249, (2000); 
US Geol Surv Open File Rep 95 503, (1995); 
Newmark, Nathan M., Effects of earthquakes on dams and embankments, Geotechnique, 15, 2, pp. 139-160, (1965)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Yang, Z., Qiao, J.P., Tian, H., Huang, D., Wang, M.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Yang, Zongji (24485723300); Qiao, Jianping (24485090400); Tian, Hongling (14520009600); Huang, Dong (36664555400); Wang, Meng (25927651000)
24485723300; 24485090400; 14520009600; 36664555400; 25927651000
Epicentral distance and impacts of rainfall on geohazards after the 5.12 wenchuan earthquake. China
(2010) Disaster Advances, 3 (4), pp. 151 - 156, Cited 7 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-78650013258&partnerID=40&md5=b1c384b590bc1c073dcaf1f0fb80b1c7

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Hie 2008 Wenchuan earthquake (Ms=8.0; epicenter located at 31.0° N, 103.4° E), with a focal depth of 19.0 km was triggered by the reactivation of the Longmenshan fault in Wenchuan County, Sichuan Province, China on 12 May 2008. This earthquake directly caused more than 15,000 geohazards in the form of landslides, rockfalls, and debris flows which resulted in about 20,000 deaths. It also caused more than 10,000 potential geohazards sites. It has been two years after the Wenchuan earthquake taking place in 12 May, 2008. Researchers are still concerned about what happens to the geohazards which were triggered by the earthquake during the rain season in these years. By field investigation and statistical analysis in Chengdu City, the distribution of landslides triggered by the earthquake was analyzed and the correlation analysis between rainfall and seismic landslides were conducted in the extremely earthquake stricken region around the Longmenshan mountain region. The regional distribution of geohazards follow the 2 linear law with the macro-epicenter, large scale geohazards are located within 14.9 km from the macro-epicenter, moderate and small scale geohazards within 52.7 km from the macro-epicenter. And a large amount of geohazards was triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake which reached the historical peak in numbers. Since then the rainfall has become a major triggering factor of landslide occurrence in the earthquake hit regions and the geohazards will be much more vulnerable to rainfall and substantial in the future decade.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Epicentral distance; Geohazards; Rainfall induced; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: debris flow; earthquake epicenter; landslide; rainfall; rockfall; seismic hazard; Sichuan earthquake 2008; statistical analysis; trigger mechanism; China; Longmen Mountains
REFERENCES: Sichuan Geography, (1985); 
Geography, (1988); 
Natural Hazards and Its Prevention in Southwest of China M, (1991); 
Mountain Research, (1987); 
J Seismol Res, (1992); 
Some Insights into the Macro Epicenter and Meizoseismal Region of Wenchuan Earthquakeseismology and Geology, (2008); 
Terminology of Quakeproof and Disaster Prevention, (2005); 
Tang, Chuan, Rainfall-triggered debris flows following the Wenchuan earthquake, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 68, 2, pp. 187-194, (2009)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Qin, J., Cao, Y., Geng, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Qin, Jun (7402896317); Cao, Yungang (18435828100); Geng, Juan (36672793200)
7402896317; 18435828100; 36672793200
Evaluation model for damage extent of roads in Wenchuan earthquake-stricken areas based on remote sensing information
(2010) Xinan Jiaotong Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University, 45 (5), pp. 768 - 774, Cited 6 times.
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.2010.05.019
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-78649472309&doi=10.3969%2Fj.issn.0258-2724.2010.05.019&partnerID=40&md5=b5602cf5c1c9c0692dd03c458be1da32

AFFILIATIONS: School of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: A low-altitude remote sensing data-based evaluation model for damage extent of roads was proposed for rapid assessment of transport facilities in Wenchuan earthquake-stricken areas. Spatial information about roads, bridges, tunnel portals and spatial distributional information about landslides, collapses and barrier lakes were extracted from large-scale true-color images of Wenchuan earthquake-stricken areas gained from low-altitude remote sensing platforms, and the corresponding thematic maps were drawn. Spatial coupling of a road and disaster bodies was taken as the criterion to judge whether this road is damaged. The road damage coefficient was get from the damage level of road structures due to individual disaster body, and the damage scale factor was obtained from the length of individual damaged road. Based on the above parameters, an evaluation model was established for the damage extent of roads in Wenchuan earthquake-stricken areas. The damage extent of Baisha-Xiajiaping section of Dujiangyan-Wenchuan highway was obtained using this evaluation model. The obtained result is consistent with the actual situation.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Damage of road; Evaluation model; Low-altitude remote sensing; Remote sensing information; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Damage of road; Evaluation models; Low-altitude; Remote sensing information; Wenchuan Earthquake; Damage detection; Earthquakes; Image processing; Maps; Remote sensing; Roads and streets
REFERENCES: Gao, Bo, Lessons learnt from damage of highway tunnels in Wenchuan earthquake, Xinan Jiaotong Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University, 44, 3, pp. 336-374, (2009); 
Acta Geodaetica Et Cartographica Sinica, (2001); 
Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, (2003); 
Emergency and Rescue Recent Developments in World Seismology, (2005); 
Journal of Remote Sensing, (2008); 
Journal of Natural Disasters, (1998); 
Wang, Xiaoqing, Primary quantitative study on earthquake damage extracted from remote sensing imagery - A case study of doujiangyan due to the Wenchuan M8. 0 earthquake, Earthquake, 29, 1, pp. 174-181, (2009); 
Han, Yongshun, Remote sensing monitoring and assessment of traffical damage by Wenchuan earthquake - A case study in Du-Wen Highway, Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 41, 3, pp. 273-283, (2009); 
Journal of Catastrophology, (1997); 
Journal of Image and Graphics, (2003)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

He, J., Li, X., Li, S., Yin, Y., Qian, H.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: He, Jianming (55635239900); Li, Xiao (36012271600); Li, Shouding (23393158000); Yin, Yueping (55687306100); Qian, Haitao (24485191400)
55635239900; 36012271600; 23393158000; 55687306100; 24485191400
Study of seismic response of colluvium accumulation slope by particle flow code
(2010) Granular Matter, 12 (5), pp. 483 - 490, Cited 28 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s10035-010-0213-8
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-78049261368&doi=10.1007%2Fs10035-010-0213-8&partnerID=40&md5=8f0889cfe19d2d1ee54bfa927deab0ca

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Engineering Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; China Geological Survey, Beijing, Beijing, China; Institute of Crustal Dynamics, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Colluvium accumulation slopes (CAS) are widely distributed in Sichuan Province of China, especially in the regions with intense earthquake histories. These kinds of accumulations show obvious discontinuous and heterogeneous characteristics, to which the discrete element method (DEM) for discontinuous material is more suitably applied. Wenchuan earthquake with a magnitude of 8.0, caused a large number of debris flows or landslides in the colluvium formations, which are densely distributed in the quake-hit region in Sichuan province. The dynamic response of CAS is a key problem for study of stability of these kinds of slope. In this paper, PFC (Particle Flow Code) from Itasca based on DEM is used for modeling the dynamic response of the colluvium accumulations and some typical models were built according to the geological investigations carried out in the epicentral area. Horizontal shearing waveforms of WenChuan earthquake were input into the model for the study of the dynamic response of overlying colluvium accumulation and bedrock. The modeling results of different models under the same seismic conditions are described and analyzed at the end of the paper. © 2010 Springer-Verlag.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Colluvium accumulation slope (CAS); Discontinuous characteristics; Dynamic response; Particle flow code
INDEX KEYWORDS: Colluvium accumulation slope (CAS); Debris flows; Discontinuous characteristics; Discrete element method; Epicentral area; Geological investigation; Heterogeneous characteristic; Key problems; Modeling results; Particle flow code; Seismic condition; Sichuan province; Typical model; Wave forms; Wenchuan Earthquake; Debris; Earthquakes; Slope stability; Dynamic response
REFERENCES: Engineering Geology for Infrastructure Planning in Europe, (2004); 
Havenith, Hans Balder, Initiation of earthquake-induced slope failure: Influence of topographical and other site specific amplification effects, Journal of Seismology, 7, 3, pp. 397-412, (2003); 
Sincraian, Marcel V., Nonlinear seismic response of a volcanic hill using the finite element method, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 20, 1-4, pp. 145-154, (2000); 
Tang, Chaolung, The Tsaoling landslide triggered by the Chi-Chi earthquake, Taiwan: Insights from a discrete element simulation, Engineering Geology, 106, 1-2, pp. 1-19, (2009); 
Athanasopoulos, G., Effects of surface topography on seismic ground response in the Egion (Greece) 15 June 1995 earthquake, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 18, 2, pp. 135-149, (1999); 
Nishida, Masahiro, DEM simulations and experiments for projectile impacting two-dimensional particle packings including dissimilar material layers, Granular Matter, 12, 4, pp. 357-368, (2010); 
Puzrin, Alexander M., A dynamic solution of the shear band propagation in submerged landslides, Granular Matter, 12, 3, pp. 253-265, (2010); 
Bai, Xianming, Investigation of particle damping mechanism via particle dynamics simulations, Granular Matter, 11, 6, pp. 417-429, (2009); 
Cundall, Peter A., A discrete numerical model for granular assemblies, Geotechnique, 29, 1, pp. 47-65, (1979); 
Pfc2d Particle Flow Code, (2002)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zhang, J., Huang, E.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhang, Jing (56159286700); Huang, Er (8572611800)
56159286700; 8572611800
Safety analysis of dammed lakes in Wenchuan earthquake
(2010) Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 42 (SUPPL. 1), pp. 107 - 112, Cited 2 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-78649305055&partnerID=40&md5=ecce51aa28a75688ca4c14a553925417

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: There were few papers about the safety assessment of dammed lakes, regarding to the factors of gradation of blocked dam, stability of upstream mountain, and downstream bed structure, in the past. Based on the investigation of the disaster area induced by Wenchuan earthquake, three factors affecting the safety of dammed lakes were analyzed by several examples. According to the analysis, the following conclusion were obtained. The gradation of blocked dam can influence the structure stability of the dams, the peak discharge of the dam-break, and permeability. If the second geo-hazards such as collapse and landslide happen in upstream mountain, the dammed lakes will be danger. The stronger of downstream bed structure can increase the stability of the stream bed, and it is also good for dammed lakes conservation. The safety index of three factors was brought up, and the comprehensive index for the safety assessment of dammed lakes was also suggested.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Dammed lake; Example analysis; Safety index; Wenchuan Earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Bed structures; Dam-breaks; Dammed lake; Disaster areas; Example analysis; Peak discharge; Safety analysis; Safety assessments; Safety index; Structure stability; Wenchuan Earthquake; Dams; Earthquakes; Landforms; Safety engineering; Lakes
REFERENCES: Journal of Engineering Geology, (2008); 
People Digest, (2008); 
Hydro Science and Engineering, (2009); 
Yangtze River, (2010); 
Zhou, Hongwei, Risk-elimination techniques and management of earthquake lakes, Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 41, 3, pp. 96-101, (2009); 
Yangtze River, (2008); 
Li, Yun, Review of experimental study on dam-break, Shuikexue Jinzhan/Advances in Water Science, 20, 2, pp. 304-310, (2009); 
China Flood and Drought Management, (2008); 
Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control, (1998); 
Journal of Hydraulic Engineering ASCE, (2008)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Li, X., He, S.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Li, Xinpo (56106503000); He, Siming (55978326000)
56106503000; 55978326000
Numerical analysis of the failure of heavily jointed rock slopes using PFC2D
(2010) Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 42 (SUPPL. 1), pp. 70 - 75, Cited 14 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-78649291979&partnerID=40&md5=0af1d1aad6d8e4f30ba94e3cbceda288

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: The post-failure behavior of slopes is very important for the hazard map producing and risk assessment of landslide. The kinematic process of heavily jointed rock slopes was simulated using a 2D discrete element model (PFC2D code). The numerical model was composed of discs bonded together, and can simulate the behavior of both intact rocks and joints. A steep rock slope which was intensively disturbed by the Wenchuan Earthquake was analyzed using the PFC2D code. Parametric study was performed to examine the influence of particle bond strength on the geometry of the sediment and runout of the slide. Results showed that the determination of particle properties is the key of the numerical simulation.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Jointed rock slopes; PFC2D; Runout
INDEX KEYWORDS: Bond strength; Discrete element models; Hazard map; Intact rocks; Jointed rock; Numerical models; Numerical simulation; Parametric study; Particle properties; PFC2D; Post-failure behaviors; Runout; Steep rock slope; Wenchuan Earthquake; Computer simulation; Numerical analysis; Quality assurance; Risk assessment; Rocks
REFERENCES: Li, Xiuzhen, Analysis on characteristics and deformation failure mode of large-scale landslides induced by '5·12' Wenchuan Earthquake, Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 41, 3, pp. 72-77, (2009); 
Yin, Yueping, Landslide hazards triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China, Landslides, 6, 2, pp. 139-152, (2009); 
Wang, Fawu, Preliminary investigation of some large landslides triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan Province, China, Landslides, 6, 1, pp. 47-54, (2009); 
Potyondy, David Oskar, A bonded-particle model for rock, International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 41, 8 SPEC.ISS., pp. 1329-1364, (2004); 
Tang, Chaolung, The Tsaoling landslide triggered by the Chi-Chi earthquake, Taiwan: Insights from a discrete element simulation, Engineering Geology, 106, 1-2, pp. 1-19, (2009); 
Wang, Caigen, Numerical analysis of the stability of heavily jointed rock slopes using PFC2D, International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 40, 3, pp. 415-424, (2003); 
Hatzor, Yossef H., Dynamic stability analysis of jointed rock slopes using the DDA method: King Herod's Palace, Masada, Israel, International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 41, 5, pp. 813-832, (2004); 
Stead, Douglas, Developments in the characterization of complex rock slope deformation and failure using numerical modelling techniques, Engineering Geology, 83, 1-3, pp. 217-235, (2006); 
Tang, Chun'an, Numerical investigation of particle breakage as applied to mechanical crushing-Part I: Single-particle breakage, International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 38, 8, pp. 1147-1162, (2001); 
Kou, Shaoquan, Numerical investigation of particle breakage as applied to mechanical crushing - Part II: Interparticle breakage, International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 38, 8, pp. 1163-1172, (2001)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zhou, X.J., Cui, P., Ge, Y., Chen, X.-C., Fang, H.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhou, Xiaojun (57198476576); Cui, Peng (56706923500); Ge, Yonggang (26039083000); Chen, Xingchang (36618704600); Fang, Hua (56391373800)
57198476576; 56706923500; 26039083000; 36618704600; 56391373800
Dynamic mechanism analysis and speed calculation during full course movements of landslide: Taking landslide occurred at Hanyuan County on August 6th, 2009 as a sample
(2010) Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 42 (SUPPL. 1), pp. 125 - 131, Cited 4 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-78649272666&partnerID=40&md5=a8fa19edc8e98aaf1725bd60b2ccc272

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; School of Environment and Resource, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Taking the large-scale landslide in Houzi Yan occurred at Hanyuan County on August 6th, 2009 as a Sample, the landslide was divided into three stages, which were staring period, movement period and collision period. According to the formation process of barrier dam of Dadu River, using landslide geometry and landslide kinematic theory, the formation and mechanism of Hanyuan mountain landslide were discussed. Based on dynamic landslide and energy balance principle, the motion law of the rock mountain landslide was analyzed, and the speeds at the various stages were calculated. The results showed that the speed of sliding mass firstly increases and then decreases during full course movements of Houziyan Landslide, movement velocity is higher than the speed at the starting period and after.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Dynamic mechanical analysis; Hanyuan County; Landslides; Sliding velocity; Wenchuan Earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Barrier dam; Dynamic mechanism; Energy balance principle; Formation process; Hanyuan County; Kinematic Theory; Large-scale landslides; Motion law; ON dynamics; Sliding mass; Sliding velocities; Three stages; Wenchuan Earthquake; Dynamic analysis; Dynamic mechanical analysis; Dynamics; Earthquakes; Landforms; Landslides
REFERENCES: Cui, Peng, Distribution and risk analysis of dammed lakes reduced by Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 41, 3, pp. 35-42, (2009); 
Journal of Catastrophology, (2007); 
undefined, (1995); 
undefined, (1999); 
Scheidegger, Adrian E., On the prediction of the reach and velocity of catastrophic landslides, Rock Mechanics, 5, 4, pp. 231-236, (1973); 
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, (1956); 
Journal of Xi an College of Geology, (1991); 
Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control, (1993); 
Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, (1999); 
undefined, (2003)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Chen, N.-S., Deng, M.-F., Hu, G.-S., Zhou, W., Yang, C.-L.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Chen, Ningsheng (8726157200); Deng, Mingfeng (36668370200); Hu, Guisheng (35113314000); Zhou, Wei (55443778400); Yang, Chenglin (55646442300)
8726157200; 36668370200; 35113314000; 55443778400; 55646442300
Risk characteristics and prevention strategy of debris flow under the seismic influence in mountainous arid area, Southwest China
(2010) Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 42 (SUPPL. 1), pp. 1 - 6, Cited 4 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-78649265036&partnerID=40&md5=708653b76c236335546f7c5948e42d96

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: After the Wenchuan Earthquake, a plenty of loose materials accumulated in the southwest of China, and it can be easily initiated to form debris flow under the action of precipitation. In 2010, a rare drought disaster struck the southwest, which can lead to forest fire, and strong rainfall after this period. At the same time, clay particles in the loose materials shrink under the action of longtime drought. However, clay particles swell after absorbing the rain, then they block the void, resulting in the increase of pore water pressure and decline of shear strength, under this circumstances, it is much more easily for the initiation of debris flow. Based on the risk characteristic of debris flow in history, combining with the discipline of earthquake activity and arid area, this region was divided into three danger zones, and prevention strategies were proposed.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flow; Drought; Earthquake; Risk analysis
INDEX KEYWORDS: Arid area; Clay particles; Debris flows; Earthquake activity; Forest fires; Loose materials; Pore-water pressures; Risk characteristics; Southwest China; Wenchuan Earthquake; Arid regions; Debris; Deforestation; Drought; Earthquakes; Rain; Risk analysis; Shear strength; Risk assessment; China; Earth Movement; Forest Fires; Mountains; Precipitation; Pressure; Risk Assessment; Water
REFERENCES: Chen, Ningsheng, Conflux process analysis of desastrous debris flow in Qiongshan Ravine, Danba,Sichuan Province, Journal of Natural Disasters, 13, 3, pp. 104-108, (2004); 
undefined, (2010); 
undefined, (1995); 
Wei, Fangqiang, Method and its application of the momentum model for debris flow risk zoning, Chinese Science Bulletin, 48, 6, pp. 594-598, (2003); 
Di, Baofeng, GIS-based risk analysis of debris flow: an application in Sichuan, southwest China, International Journal of Sediment Research, 23, 2, pp. 138-148, (2008); 
Northwestern Seismological Journal, (1996); 
Plateau Meteorology, (2004); 
undefined, (1991); 
Memoir of the 25th Geotechnical Testing Scientific Seminar Nationwide, (2008); 
Debris Flow Hazards Mitigation Mechanics Prediction and Assessment, (2000)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zhang, J., Cui, P., Xiang, L., Zhuang, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhang, Jianqiang (35212366900); Cui, Peng (56706923500); Xiang, Lingzhi (36195988600); Zhuang, Jianqi (26538426500)
35212366900; 56706923500; 36195988600; 26538426500
Susceptibility assessment of landslides induced by earthquake based on sub-basin
(2010) Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 42 (SUPPL. 1), pp. 43 - 49, Cited 1 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-78649260152&partnerID=40&md5=e66b3674867099ad0a1c29f56096a86f

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Landslide is one of the most common hazards induced by the Wenchuan Earthquake for its large quantity and wide distribution. The sub-basin was introduced into the assessment of landslides induced by earthquake. The Subao River Basin, Beichuan, which was chosen as the study area, was divided into 211 sub-basins, and the average elevation, maximum relative elevation, average slope gradient, distance to the river, gully density and stone type were chosen as the assessing factors. The statistical method Logistic regression was used to build the assessing model. The model was checked by ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) curve and Kappa. And the AUC (Aare Under Curve) and Kappa was 0.926 and 0.690, respectively, which was much better than the pixel-oriented susceptibility assessing model build by the same method. The AUC and Kappa was 0.814 and 0.470, respectively. From the susceptibility map, about 90.04 percent of landslides located in the high susceptible area. The deficiency of the sub-basin oriented assessment was that the area of high susceptible area is too large. So at last the concept of LRU (Landslide Response Unit) was introduced. The sub-basin could be divided into smaller units by some factors related to landslide. The assessment based on LRU may have a better assessing result.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Landslides; Statistical methods; Susceptibility; Wenchuan Earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Assessing model; Average elevation; Logistic regressions; Pixel-oriented; Receiver operating characteristics; River basins; Slope gradients; Study areas; Subbasins; Susceptibility; Susceptibility maps; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes; Statistics; Landslides
REFERENCES: Kamp, Ulrich, GIS-based landslide susceptibility mapping for the 2005 Kashmir earthquake region, Geomorphology, 101, 4, pp. 631-642, (2008); 
García-Rodríguez, M. J., Susceptibility assessment of earthquake-triggered landslides in El Salvador using logistic regression, Geomorphology, 95, 3-4, pp. 172-191, (2008); 
Tangestani, Majid Hashemi, A comparative study of Dempster-Shafer and fuzzy models for landslide susceptibility mapping using a GIS: An experience from Zagros Mountains, SW Iran, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 35, 1, pp. 66-73, (2009); 
undefined, (2009); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2008); 
Miles, Scott B., Evaluation of CAMEL - comprehensive areal model of earthquake-induced landslides, Engineering Geology, 104, 1-2, pp. 1-15, (2009); 
Zhang, Jianqiang, Sensitivity evaluation to the earthquake-induced landslide and collapse: A case study of Beichuan County, Sichuan Province, Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 41, 3, pp. 140-145, (2009); 
Geological Science and Technology Information, (2009); 
Cohen, Jacob, A Coefficient of Agreement for Nominal Scales, Educational and Psychological Measurement, 20, 1, pp. 37-46, (1960)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wang, S.-Y., Tang, G.-J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wang, Shaoyu (35338590500); Tang, Guijuan (59630278500)
35338590500; 59630278500
Water safety evaluation in the regions of Wenchuan Earthquake landslide lake
(2010) Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 42 (SUPPL. 1), pp. 76 - 81, Cited 1 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-78649247859&partnerID=40&md5=71c72686c142d171e38f49cfa8ceaa3c

AFFILIATIONS: School of Management, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China; School of Architecture, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
ABSTRACT: Water safety problems in the regions of landslide lake formed by Wenchuan Earthquake has caused significant harm. In order to solve this problem, the evaluation system of water safety in landslide lake areas was constructed, and an improved evaluation method of projection pursuit dynamic cluster model was used to make up the traditional projection pursuit cluster model in the parameter settings and the indefinite clustering result and then the water safety of the regions of 21 larger landslide lakes in Wenchuan Earthquake area was evaluated. The results showed that the level of water safety was the lowest in Beichuan County and highest in Pingwu County. The evaluation results were in line with reality and classification was clear and simple. Evaluation results were applicable to promote to all the earthquake landslide lake regions.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Evaluation; Landslide lake; Water safety; Wenchuan Earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Clustering results; Dynamic cluster; Evaluation; Evaluation Method; Evaluation results; Evaluation system; In-line; Lake areas; Parameter setting; Projection pursuit cluster models; Projection pursuits; Significant harm; Water safety; Wenchuan Earthquake; Clustering algorithms; Earthquakes; Lakes; Landslides
REFERENCES: Rijsberman, Michiel A., Different approaches to assessment of design and management of sustainable urban water systems, Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 20, 3, pp. 333-345, (2000); 
Xia, Jun, Water carrying capacity of urbanized area, Shuili Xuebao/Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 37, 12, pp. 1482-1488, (2006); 
undefined, (2004); 
Jenerette, George Darrel, A global perspective on changing sustainable urban water supplies, Global and Planetary Change, 50, 3-4, pp. 202-211, (2006); 
Jin, Juliang, Theoretical basis of intelligent evaluation methods of watershed water security, Shuili Xuebao/Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 37, 8, pp. 918-925, (2006); 
Chang, Dayong, Applications of the extent analysis method on fuzzy AHP, European Journal of Operational Research, 95, 3, pp. 649-655, (1996); 
undefined, (1995); 
Zitko, Vladimir Z., Principal component analysis in the evaluation of environmental data, Marine Pollution Bulletin, 28, 12, pp. 718-722, (1994); 
Friedman, Jerome H., A Projection Pursuit Algorithm for Exploratory Data Analysis, IEEE Transactions on Computers, C-23, 9, pp. 881-890, (1974); 
Application of Statistics and Management, (2005)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Chen, X.Q., Cui, P., Li, Y., Gao, Q., Zhao, W.Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Chen, Xiaoqing (55739112600); Cui, Peng (56706923500); Li, Yong (56044366400); Gao, Quan (59591715500); Zhao, Wanyu (23973928300)
55739112600; 56706923500; 56044366400; 59591715500; 23973928300
Mountain hazard induced by Wenchuan Earthquake and its long-term development trends of Ganxi Gully, Beichuan
(2010) Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 42 (SUPPL. 1), pp. 22 - 32, Cited 5 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-78649245325&partnerID=40&md5=03568acbbb18416529532fc853c91d32

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: About 91 landslides induced by Wenchuan Earthquake were found in the ravine of Ganxi in Beichuan county, with a total area of 10.42 km2, 28.95% of the whole drainage area, and without any debris-flow to be found so far. Some laws were found on the gradient, aspect, elevation, distance of rupture, and formation lithology of mountain hazard in Ganxi gully. The gradient of landslides is mostly 30°~50°, and landslides are more likely to occur with the increase of their gradient. The aspect of landslides is mainly south. The altitude of those landslides is primarily 1000~1600 m, especially 1000~1400 m. The majority of landslides are around 2000 m away from Beichuan fault or within 1000 m from some other main faults. Most of the mountain hazards occur in the stratum of T<inf>1</inf>f+t. The long-term development trends of the debris flow in Ganxi gully were as follow. Its strength of activity will keep reducing with the decrease of loose granular materials and total amounts of debris flow. It would present an activity-quiet phase alternately and the quiet period will extend gradually. The debris-flow's activity is transport-limited system right after the earthquake, followed by the transitional type between transport-limited system and weathering-linmited system and ultimately is weathering-linmited system. The debris flows will keep active about 10~15 years after Wenchuan earthquake.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Development trend; Distribution; Mountain hazard; Wenchuan Earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Debris flows; Development trends; Distribution; Drainage area; Long-term development; Mountain hazard; Wenchuan Earthquake; Debris; Earthquakes; Hazards; Landforms; Landslides; Lithology; Soil mechanics; Weathering
REFERENCES: International Workshop on Annual Commemoration of Chi Chi Earthquake, (2000); 
Chigira, Masahiro, Geological and geomorphological characteristics of landslides triggered by the 2004 Mid Niigta prefecture earthquake in Japan, Engineering Geology, 82, 4, pp. 202-221, (2006); 
Cui, Peng, The Wenchuan Earthquake (May 12, 2008), Sichuan Province, China, and resulting geohazards, Natural Hazards, 56, 1, pp. 19-36, (2011); 
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences, (2008); 
Huang, Runqiu, Research on development and distribution rules of geohazards induced by Wenchuan earthquake on 12th May, 2008, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 27, 12, pp. 2585-2592, (2008); 
Geological Review, (2008); 
Liu Shugen, The uplift of the Longmenshan thrust belt and subsidence of the western Sichuan foreland basin, Dizhi Xuebao/Acta Geologica Sinica, 69, 3, pp. 205-214, (1995); 
Keefer, David K., Statiscal analysis of an earthquake-induced landslide distribution - The 1989 Loma Prieta, California event, Engineering Geology, 58, 3-4, pp. 231-249, (2000); 
Parise, Mario, A seismic landslide susceptibility rating of geologic units based on analysis of characterstics of landslides triggered by the 17 January, 1994 Northridge, California earthquake, Engineering Geology, 58, 3-4, pp. 251-270, (2000); 
Yao, Xin, Contribution of strata lithology and slope gradient to landslides triggered by Wenchuan Ms 8 earthquake, Sichuan, Geological Bulletin of China, 28, 8, pp. 1156-1162, (2009)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Xu, Q., Li, W.L.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Xu, Qiang (56506033600); Li, Weile (25936551300)
56506033600; 25936551300
Study on the direction effects of landslides triggered by Wenchuan Earthquake
(2010) Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 42 (SUPPL. 1), pp. 7 - 14, Cited 35 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-78649232409&partnerID=40&md5=8b4a60f3fd43b6ce4f6960c2d8d6ddc5

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: According to the field investigation, it was founded that in some special areas, the sliding direction of landslides presented a few unusual features related to the earthquake dynamics. Through the detailed remote-sensing interpretation of the study area, the landslide density in slopes of different direction was calculated and the relationship between the sliding direction of large-scale landslides and seismic fault was analyzed, and two features of Wenchuan Earthquake-triggered landslides were obtained, including back-slope and fault diastrophism direction effects. These two effects indicated that when analyzing the genetic mechanism of landslides triggered by strong earthquake, more attention should be given to the following two factors, one being the initial driving force produced by the abrupt diastrophism of seismic fault to slope instability and the other being the refraction and reflection of seismic wave in the slope body and the change of its internal stress thus incurred.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Back slope effects; Directional effects; Fault dislocation effects; Landslides; Wenchuan Earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Back slope effects; Directional effects; Driving forces; Earthquake dynamics; Fault dislocation; Field investigation; Genetic mechanism; Internal stress; Large-scale landslides; Seismic faults; Sliding direction; Slope instability; Study areas; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes; Remote sensing; Seismic waves; Landslides
REFERENCES: Keefer, David K., Regional distribution and characteristics of landslides generated by the earthquake, US Geological Survey Professional Paper, 1551-C, pp. 7-32, (1998); 
Keefer, David K., Statiscal analysis of an earthquake-induced landslide distribution - The 1989 Loma Prieta, California event, Engineering Geology, 58, 3-4, pp. 231-249, (2000); 
Parise, Mario, A seismic landslide susceptibility rating of geologic units based on analysis of characterstics of landslides triggered by the 17 January, 1994 Northridge, California earthquake, Engineering Geology, 58, 3-4, pp. 251-270, (2000); 
Landslides, (2002); 
Chigira, Masahiro, Geological and geomorphological characteristics of landslides triggered by the 2004 Mid Niigta prefecture earthquake in Japan, Engineering Geology, 82, 4, pp. 202-221, (2006); 
Owen, Lewis A., Landslides triggered by the 8 October 2005 Kashmir earthquake, Geomorphology, 94, 1-2, pp. 1-9, (2008); 
Kamp, Ulrich, GIS-based landslide susceptibility mapping for the 2005 Kashmir earthquake region, Geomorphology, 101, 4, pp. 631-642, (2008); 
Huang, Runqiu, Research on development and distribution rules of geohazards induced by Wenchuan earthquake on 12th May, 2008, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 27, 12, pp. 2585-2592, (2008); 
Huang, Runqiu, Development and distribution of geohazards triggered by the 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake in China, Science in China, Series E: Technological Sciences, 52, 4, pp. 810-819, (2009); 
Huang, Runqiu, Analysis of the geo-hazards triggered by the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake, China, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 68, 3, pp. 363-371, (2009)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zhuang, J., Cui, P., Ge, Y., Zhu, Y.Y., Liu, Y., Pei, L.Z.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhuang, Jianqi (26538426500); Cui, Peng (56706923500); Ge, Yonggang (26039083000); Zhu, Yingyan (10143158600); Liu, Yinghui (36647679000); Pei, Laizheng (26656035900)
26538426500; 56706923500; 26039083000; 10143158600; 36647679000; 26656035900
Risk assessment of collapses and landslides caused by 5.12wenchuan earthquake-a case study of Dujiangyan-Wenchuan highway
(2010) Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 29 (SUPPL. 2), pp. 3735 - 3742, Cited 21 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-78149490079&partnerID=40&md5=d5d48579a9de99fa2eb7866b5ca9e9bc

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; School of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
ABSTRACT: Dujiangyan-Wenchuan highway, the serious quake-hit area, was selected as the investigative object to assess the risks of collapses and landslides caused by "5 · 12" Wenchuan earthquake along the highway, and the sensitivities of collapses and landslides to their impact factors were analyzed by the method of information acquisition analysis. Then, based on remote sense image interpretation and field investigation data, the risks of these geo-hazards were assessed by GIS. The results show that collapses and landslides easily occurr under the following natural conditions: (1) slope gradient: > 35°; (2) slope aspect: east, southeast and south; (3) surface roughness: > 1.15; (4) the distance to the main fault: 5-20 km; (5) land use type: forest, woodland and shrub forest; (6) stratum and lithology: proterozoic diorite, plagiogranite, basalt and andesite, carboniferous limestone and marl and Silurian gray green phyllite and limestone, especially the proterozoic basalt and andesite. The hazard assessment results were given in terms of overlaying the information value of each factor, and then the assessment results were divided into five grades: high intense risk zone, higher risk zone, moderate zone, light risk zone and no risk zone. It is found that the moderate, higher and high intense risk zones account for 70.34% of the study area, the high intense risk zone accounts for 19.15%, and no risk zone only accounts for 11.81%. The high intense and higher risk zones mainly distribute in the areas from Yingxiu to Caopo River and the light risk zone and below light risk zones mostly locate in the section of Caopo River-Wenchuan. The presented results provide a scientific basis for the prevention, elusion and mitigation of geo-hazards and support the recovery and reconstruction of Dujiangyan-Wenchuan highway.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: "5 · 12" Wenchuan earthquake; Collapses and landslides; Dujiangyan-Wenchuan highway; Information acquisition analysis; Risk assessme; Slope engineering
INDEX KEYWORDS: Collapses and landslides; Dujiangyan-Wenchuan highway; Information acquisitions; Slope engineering; Wenchuan Earthquake; Basalt; Earthquakes; Hazards; Igneous rocks; Landslides; Limestone; Lithology; Remote sensing; Risk analysis; Slope protection; Surface roughness; Risk assessment
REFERENCES: Cui, Peng, The Wenchuan Earthquake (May 12, 2008), Sichuan Province, China, and resulting geohazards, Natural Hazards, 56, 1, pp. 19-36, (2011); 
Cui, Peng, The 12 May Wenchuan earthquake-induced landslide lakes: Distribution and preliminary risk evaluation, Landslides, 6, 3, pp. 209-223, (2009); 
Ji, Suiwang, Analysis of typical seismic damages of highways in Wenchuan earthquake-induced hazard areas in Sichuan Province, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 28, 6, pp. 1250-1260, (2009); 
Keefer, David K., LANDSLIDES CAUSED BY EARTHQUAKES., Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 95, 4, pp. 406-421, (1984); 
Keefer, David K., The importance of earthquake-induced landslides to long-term slope erosion and slope-failure hazards in seismically active regions, Geomorphology, 10, 1-4, pp. 265-284, (1994); 
Chen, Xiaoli, Fuzzy comprehensive study on seismic landslide hazard based on GIS, Beijing Daxue Xuebao (Ziran Kexue Ban)/Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis, 44, 3, pp. 434-438, (2008); 
Wang, Y. Q., Study on comprehensive index method for predicting earthquake-induced landslides, Yantu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 23, 3, (2001); 
Journal of Seismological Research, (2001); 
García-Rodríguez, M. J., Susceptibility assessment of earthquake-triggered landslides in El Salvador using logistic regression, Geomorphology, 95, 3-4, pp. 172-191, (2008); 
Dunning, Stuart A., The Hattian Bala rock avalanche and associated landslides triggered by the Kashmir Earthquake of 8 October 2005, Engineering Geology, 93, 3-4, pp. 130-144, (2007)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zhuang, J., Cui, P., Hu, K.H., Chen, X.Q., Ge, Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhuang, Jianqi (26538426500); Cui, Peng (56706923500); Hu, Kaiheng (55648903800); Chen, Xiaoqing (55739112600); Ge, Yonggang (26039083000)
26538426500; 56706923500; 55648903800; 55739112600; 26039083000
Research on debris flow initiation due to bed failure after Wenchuan earthquake
(2010) Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 42 (5), pp. 230 - 236, Cited 12 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77958512394&partnerID=40&md5=e6e225ea44f5401cae70dd70abedc0fc

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: In order to understand the initiation model and mechanism of debris flow, and forecast and prevent it after earthquake, the facilities of debris flow initiation were designed according to the post-earthquake environment to study the debris flow initiation mechanism. The tests of 25 groups were carried out at different slopes using the same soil material to study the debris flow initiation at varies slopes. The results showed that the initiation mode of debris flow was erosion → gully → collapse → block → failure and transformed into debris flow between 8°~12.5° as initiation due to dam-failure. The initiation mode of debris flow was increased erosion gradually (down cut erosion, back word cut and lateral erosion) with the bulk density increasing and transformed into debris flow between 12.5°~17.5° as initiation due to erosion. The initiation mode of debris flow was surface flow → infiltration → failure → fluidization and transformed into debris flow between 17.5°~25° as initiation due to slope failure. The change character of water pore-pressure was different at different slope experiments, and the water pore-pressure inner soil revealed the initiation mechanism of debris flow at different slope.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flow due to channel failure; Discharge of flow; Experiments of flume; Pore-water pressure; Wenchuan Earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Bulk density; Channel failures; Debris flows; Different slopes; Discharge of flow; Initiation mechanism; Pore-water pressures; Slope failure; Soil materials; Surface flow; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes; Erosion; Experiments; Fluidization; Slope stability; Soils; Debris
REFERENCES: Land Management Report, (1990); 
May, Christine L., Processes and rates of sediment and wood accumulation in headwater streams of the Oregon Coast Range, USA, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 28, 4, pp. 409-424, (2003); 
Crosta, Giovanni Battista, Soil slips and debris flows on terraced slopes, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 3, 1-2, pp. 31-42, (2003); 
Guadagno, Francesco Maria, Some aspects of the initiation of debris avalanches in the Campania Region: The role of morphological slope discontinuities and the development of failure, Geomorphology, 66, 1-4 SPEC. ISS., pp. 237-254, (2005); 
Gabet, Emmanuel J., The mobilization of debris flows from shallow landslides, Geomorphology, 74, 1-4, pp. 207-218, (2006); 
Imaizumi, Fumitoshi, Effects of forest harvesting on the occurrence of landslides and debris flows in steep terrain of central Japan, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 33, 6, pp. 827-840, (2008); 
Iverson, Richard M., Acute sensitivity of landslide rates to initial soil porosity, Science, 290, 5491, pp. 513-516, (2000); 
Cannon, Susan H., Wildfire-related debris-flow generation through episodic progressive sediment-bulking processes, western USA, International Conference on Debris-Flow Hazards Mitigation: Mechanics, Prediction, and Assessment, Proceedings, 1, pp. 71-82, (2003); 
Berti, Matteo, Experimental evidences and numerical modelling of debris flow initiated by channel runoff, Landslides, 2, 3, pp. 171-182, (2005); 
Godt, Jonathan W., Alpine debris flows triggered by a 28 July 1999 thunderstorm in the central Front Range, Colorado, Geomorphology, 84, 1-2, pp. 80-97, (2007)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Hu, K.H., Cui, P., You, Y., Zhuang, J., Chen, X.Q.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Hu, Kaiheng (55648903800); Cui, Peng (56706923500); You, Yong (35811595800); Zhuang, Jianqi (26538426500); Chen, Xiaoqing (55739112600)
55648903800; 56706923500; 35811595800; 26538426500; 55739112600
Nonlinear modified flood method for calculating the debris-flow peak discharge in Wenchuan earthquake region
(2010) Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 42 (5), pp. 52 - 57, Cited 5 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77958504122&partnerID=40&md5=0c6a874b74ea60b1fdcd5c017ec67b62

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Mitigating debris-flow hazards is a great challenge in a period after Wenchuan Earthquake. Because of the complexity of debris supply and formation, the debris-flow discharge with respect to flood discharge was amplified in runoff, converging and moving stages of debris flows, and previous methods of calculating debris-flow peak discharge were not available for the debris-flow ravines in the earthquake-affected region. The investigation of the formation of post-quake debris flows indicated that debris-flow hydrologic process is not linearly equivalent with flood hydrologic one, and debris-flow amplification coefficient is not linearly proportional to flood peak discharge. An empirical relationship of power function between the amplification coefficient and the flood peak discharge was built by analyzing the field data of seven debris-flow ravines in Subaohe, Weijiagou and Dubahe basins of the earthquake region. Combined the classical modified flood discharge method with the empirical formula, a nonlinear flood method was developed for calculating debris-flow peak discharge, which can be applicable to post-earthquake region.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flow; Discharge calculation; Modified flood discharge method; Wenchuan Earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Amplification coefficient; Debris flows; Discharge calculation; Empirical formulas; Field data; Flood discharge; Flood peak discharge; Flow discharges; Hydrologic process; Linearly proportional; Modified flood discharge method; Peak discharge; Power functions; Wenchuan Earthquake; Amplification; Debris; Earthquakes; Flood control; Floods
REFERENCES: Cui, Peng, The Wenchuan Earthquake (May 12, 2008), Sichuan Province, China, and resulting geohazards, Natural Hazards, 56, 1, pp. 19-36, (2011); 
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences, (2008); 
Huang, Runqiu, Research on development and distribution rules of geohazards induced by Wenchuan earthquake on 12th May, 2008, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 27, 12, pp. 2585-2592, (2008); 
Scientia Geographica Sinica, (2010); 
Chen, Xiaoqing, Optimal timing for the control of debris flow in Wenchuan Earthquake area, Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 41, 3, pp. 125-130, (2009); 
You, Yong, The influence on debris flow prevention in the upriver of Minjiang after Wenchuan Earthquake, Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 41, SUPPL., pp. 16-22, (2009); 
undefined, (2009); 
Memoirs of Lanzhou Institute of Glaciology and Cryopedology of Chinese Academy of Sciences no 4, (1985); 
undefined, (1986); 
Soil and Water Conservation in China, (1991)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Ma, H.-B., Fu, X., Liu, F., Li, X., Wang, G.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Ma, Hongbo (56461735300); Fu, Xudong (7402205186); Liu, Fan (55717377100); Li, Xiang (59648992300); Wang, Guangqian (55630098400)
56461735300; 7402205186; 55717377100; 59648992300; 55630098400
Quantifying flood control capacity of Beichuan City after the Wenchuan Earthquake, China
(2010) Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 42 (5), pp. 209 - 216, Cited 1 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77958499285&partnerID=40&md5=16765f52300ac57b86e5b543bab9030d

AFFILIATIONS: Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: A quantitative analysis of the increased flood hazard in the Wenchuan Earthquake-hit region was carried out. Flood routing was performed for the reach of Tongkou River from Tangjiashan Quake Dam to Beichuan City and the change of flood defense capacity of Beichuan City was examined. It was shown that since the river bed was seriously raised by the Tangjiashan Quake Lake drainage and subsequent Weijiagou Debris Flow, the present flood defense capacity near Beichuan City had become much lower than that before the earthquake (i.e., the capacity against a 20-year flood) and far away from the requirement of protecting a national commemoration earthquake site. Meanwhile, the predicted water level and erosion depth were sensitive to the manning roughness coefficient for flood routing. It would be desired in future to explore the manning roughness coefficient changing with river geomorphology and bed material composition.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Beichuan; Disaster prevention; Earthquake; Flood control; Recovery; Subsequent disaster
INDEX KEYWORDS: Bed materials; Beichuan; Debris flows; Erosion depth; Flood defense; Flood hazards; Flood routing; Manning Roughness Coefficient; Quantitative analysis; River bed; Subsequent disaster; Wenchuan Earthquake; Chemical analysis; Debris; Disaster prevention; Earthquakes; Flood control; Flow measurement; Rivers; Water levels; Floods
REFERENCES: Chen, Xiaoqing, Optimal timing for the control of debris flow in Wenchuan Earthquake area, Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 41, 3, pp. 125-130, (2009); 
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences, (2008); 
Journal of Geological Hazards and Environment Preservation, (2008); 
Ge, Yong, Image interpretation and statistical analysis of vegetation damage caused by the Wenchuan earthquake and related secondary disasters, Journal of Applied Remote Sensing, 3, 1, (2009); 
Han, Yongshun, Hazard assessment on secondary mountain-hazards triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake, Journal of Applied Remote Sensing, 3, 1, (2009); 
Zhang, Bing, Estimating soil erosion changes in the Wenchuan earthquake disaster area using geo-spatial information technology, Journal of Applied Remote Sensing, 3, 1, (2009); 
Cui, Peng, The 12 May Wenchuan earthquake-induced landslide lakes: Distribution and preliminary risk evaluation, Landslides, 6, 3, pp. 209-223, (2009); 
Evaluation Report on Safety of Tangjiashan Quake Dam and Its Side Slopes, (2008); 
Journal of Safety and Environment, (2002); 
Science Foundation in China, (1999)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Yao, L.-K., Huang, Y.-D., Yang, Q.-H.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Yao, Lingkan (7201688064); Huang, Yidan (36618861800); Yang, Qinghua (7404076024)
7201688064; 36618861800; 7404076024
The self-organized criticality of landslids triggered by earthquake
(2010) Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 42 (5), pp. 33 - 43, Cited 15 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77958494436&partnerID=40&md5=0820cbf4f20fc41f903b680f30a465b5

AFFILIATIONS: School of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; MOE Key Laboratory of High-Speed Railway Engineering, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Sichuan Key Laboratory of Aseismic Engineering and Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: In the conceptual framework of self-organized criticality (SOC), and by investigating the typical slopes in IX seismic zone of Wenchuan earthquake, the negative power-law relationship of landslides between volume and number, as well as between depth and number was found. Furthermore, landslides also demonstrated the similar characteristics in X seismic zone of Wenchuan earthquake. Based on the principle of quasi-static theory, the sand-pile model centrifugation tests repeated the dynamic behavior of slope under seismic disturbances, and the dynami-cal characteristics of landslips can be showed with negative power distribution law when the model box floor tilted 1.5°, but showed normal distribution when 3.0°, and the cellular automaton models revealed the dynamical mechanism of the evolution of sand-pile model with the changes of disturbance intensity by numerical simulation. It was suggested that the slope system in younger or maturity age has the basic properties of intrinsic SOC. There is a seismic intensity threshold, the distribution law between size and frequency of landslides triggered by earthquake can be described under the threshold, and both the huge-scale and small-scale landslides disasters comply with the same formation mechanism.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Cellular automata; Centrifugation test on sand-pile model; Landslide; Self-organized criticality (SOC); Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Basic properties; Cellular automaton models; Conceptual frameworks; Distribution law; Dynamic behaviors; Dynamical mechanisms; Formation mechanism; Model boxes; Numerical simulation; Power distribution law; Power-law relationship; Quasi-static theory; Sand-pile models; Seismic disturbances; Seismic intensity; Seismic zones; Self-organized criticality; Slope system; Wenchuan Earthquake; Automata theory; Cellular automata; Centrifugation; Centrifuges; Criticality (nuclear fission); Earthquakes; Flame resistance; Landslides; Normal distribution; Pattern recognition systems; Piles; Sand; Translation (languages); Computer simulation
REFERENCES: Earth Science Frontiers, (2009); 
Huang, Runqiu, Mechanism and geomechanical modes of landslide hazards triggered by Wenchuan 8.0 earthquake, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 28, 6, pp. 1239-1249, (2009); 
Huang, Runqiu, Research on development and distribution rules of geohazards induced by Wenchuan earthquake on 12th May, 2008, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 27, 12, pp. 2585-2592, (2008); 
Bak, Per, Self-organized criticality, Physical Review A - Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics, 38, 1, pp. 364-374, (1988); 
Held, Glenn A., Experimental study of critical-mass fluctuations in an evolving sandpile, Physical Review Letters, 65, 9, pp. 1120-1123, (1990); 
Bak, Per, Earthquakes as a self-organized critical phenomenon, Journal of Geophysical Research, 94, B11, pp. 15-637, (1989); 
undefined, (1991); 
Su, Fenghuan, Parallel computation of sand pile model based on cellular automata, Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 39, 4, pp. 40-43, (2007); 
Chinese Journal of Engineering Mathematics, (1991); 
undefined, (2003)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Cui, P., Zhuang, J., Chen, X.-C., Zhang, J., Zhou, X.J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Cui, Peng (56706923500); Zhuang, Jianqi (26538426500); Chen, Xingchang (36618704600); Zhang, Jianqiang (35212366900); Zhou, Xiaojun (57198476576)
56706923500; 26538426500; 36618704600; 35212366900; 57198476576
Characteristics and countermeasures of debris flow in Wenchuan area after the earthquake
(2010) Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 42 (5), pp. 10 - 19, Cited 100 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77958489011&partnerID=40&md5=2a2f764e4ee347b7bad0a60538cac60e

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; School of Environment and Resource, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: The changes of the formation of debris flows after Wenchuan Earthquake were analyzed, including loose materials, micro-topography and hydrological condition. Analysis suggested that the total of the loose mass generated by the collapse and landslides reaches about 28×108 m3, which provides abundant materials for debris flows for a long term. The change of landform and especially the blockage of channel will increase the scale of debris flow. The conditions of the surface water infiltration, runoff and flow concentration are changed by the strong surface disturbance and large-scale destructive vegetation damage, which is beneficial to the formation of the erosion and flood peak easier. The great changes of the river basin constitute the conditional combination of the debris flow formation. Therefore, the intensity of post-earthquake debris flow increases rapidly and debris flow becomes one of the most serious risk source. The main characteristics of debris flows after Wenchuan Earthquake were as follows. The number of debris flow gully increased, a large number of debris flows occurred in gullies which had no debris flows before the earthquake. The critical rainfall decreased significantly. The events occurred at high frequency and in group. The density increased by about 10% to 30% and transitional or viscous flows occurred in many gullies of turbulent flows. The discharge increased by about 50%~100%, beyond the results calculated by the current methods. The tendency of debris flow is that the intensity will grow and then devay, alternative with active and quiet periods. The first active period will last for 15 years. The trigger and control factor depends mainly on the supplies of loose material. The valleys that have rich materials and more than 5 km2 of area will be the most dangerous in the following years.Accordingly, we proposed the strategies for mitigation of debris flow, including discrimination of potential debris flow and specification of countermeasures; risk analysis and management; calculation of magnitude and regular monitoring and warning system.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Activity characteristics; Debris flow; Disaster prevention; Formation conditions; Wenchuan Earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Abundant materials; Activity characteristics; Control factors; Critical rainfall; Debris flow; Debris flows; Flood peak; Flow concentration; Formation condition; High frequency; Hydrological condition; Long term; Loose materials; Main characteristics; Micro topography; Risk analysis and management; Risk sources; River basins; Surface disturbances; Surface water infiltrations; Vegetation damage; Warning systems; Wenchuan Earthquake; Disaster prevention; Earthquakes; Flood control; Landforms; Risk analysis; Risk assessment; Debris
REFERENCES: Journal of Mountain Science, (2008); 
Cui, Peng, Distribution and risk analysis of dammed lakes reduced by Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 41, 3, pp. 35-42, (2009); 
Cui, Peng, The Wenchuan Earthquake (May 12, 2008), Sichuan Province, China, and resulting geohazards, Natural Hazards, 56, 1, pp. 19-36, (2011); 
Huang, Runqiu, Mechanism and geomechanical modes of landslide hazards triggered by Wenchuan 8.0 earthquake, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 28, 6, pp. 1239-1249, (2009); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2008); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2008); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2009); 
You, Yong, The influence on debris flow prevention in the upriver of Minjiang after Wenchuan Earthquake, Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 41, SUPPL., pp. 16-22, (2009); 
Liu, Chiannan, Impacts of september 21, 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake on the characteristics of gully-type debris flows in central Taiwan, Natural Hazards, 47, 3, pp. 349-368, (2008); 
An Influence of Earthquake on the Occurrence of Landslide and Debris Flow, (2008)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Tian, S., Kong, J., Fayou, F., Cui, Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Tian, Shujun (36609420200); Kong, Jiming (55793897000); Fayou, A. (36607707800); Cui, Yun (57188824346)
36609420200; 55793897000; 36607707800; 57188824346
Responsive mechanism between earthquake-induced landslides and environment in Wenchuan earthquake
(2010) Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 42 (5), pp. 92 - 98, Cited 2 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77958481552&partnerID=40&md5=02818d32a3e5568b7319b875057be23e

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: For revealing the relationship between the distribution of landslides and environmental factors, 4722 earthquake-induced landslides were studied with field investigation and the interpretation of remote-sensing images. GIS technique was used to finish the statistical data including distance from middle faults, lithology, altitude, river, slope and aspect of slope. The results about the responsive mechanism between the distribution of landslides and environmental factors were summarized as follows. The zonal distribution of landslides was consistent with the strike of middle faults and the seismic energy was released along the middle faults which caused the attenuation of energy obvious in minor axis and about 64.42% of landslides were distributed within 20 km from middle faults. The density in hanging-wall of middle faults was obviously higher than that in footwall which underwent the variation of reduce-increase-reduce because of the break of middle and front thrusting faults. The release of seismic energy was restricted by landform and river. The high density of landslides was in high altitude, steep slope, intense incision. The concentrated distribution of landslides was in river banks and the origin of landslides was in upside of slope because of the magnified effect for earthquake. About 99.43% of landslides were distributed in area where the seismic intensity was more than VII and the highest density of landslides were in soft rocks because of the earthquake site coefficients. The high density occurred in the intersection direction of the gradient topography and the faults breaking and landslides with large scale appeared in the union direction, which was convenient for seismic energy transmitting.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Amplification factor; Earthquake-induced landslide; GIS analysis; Site coefficient; Wenchuan Earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Amplification factors; Earthquake-induced landslide; GIS analysis; Site coefficient; Wenchuan Earthquake; Amplification; Earthquakes; Lithology; Remote sensing; Rivers; Landslides
REFERENCES: Keefer, David K., LANDSLIDES CAUSED BY EARTHQUAKES., Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 95, 4, pp. 406-421, (1984); 
Romeo, Roberto Walter, Seismically induced landslide displacements: A predictive model, Engineering Geology, 58, 3-4, pp. 337-351, (2000); 
Papadopoulos, Gerassimos A., Magnitude-distance relations for earthquake-induced landslides in Greece, Engineering Geology, 58, 3-4, pp. 377-386, (2000); 
Huang, Runqiu, Research on development and distribution rules of geohazards induced by Wenchuan earthquake on 12th May, 2008, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 27, 12, pp. 2585-2592, (2008); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2010); 
Tian, Shujun, Research on responsive mechanism between earthquake-induced mountain hazards and environmental background in typical region of Wenchuan Earthquake: A case study of Mianzhu County, Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 41, 3, pp. 209-215, (2009); 
Science and Technology Review, (2008); 
Yong, Li, Surface rupture, thrusting and strike-slipping in the Wenchuan earthquake of Sichuan, China, Journal of Chengdu University of Technology (Science and Technology Edition), 35, 4, pp. 404-413, (2008); 
Seed, Harry Bolton, Mexico earthquake of September 19, 1985 - relationships between soil conditions and earthquake ground motions, Earthquake Spectra, 4, 4, pp. 687-729, (1988); 
Abrahamson, Norman A.Bolt, Effects of the hanging wall and footwall on ground motions recorded during the Northridge earthquake, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 86, 1 SUPPL. B, pp. S93-S99, (1996)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Cao, S., Liu, X., Huang, E., Yang, K.-J., Yang, F.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Cao, Shuyou (7202703803); Liu, Xingnian (35222022100); Huang, Er (8572611800); Yang, Kejun (9248650400); Yang, Fengguang (24436302200)
7202703803; 35222022100; 8572611800; 9248650400; 24436302200
A review of the research on stream corridor restoration in Wenchuan earthquake district, Sichuan, China
(2010) Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 42 (5), pp. 1 - 9, Cited 4 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77958479357&partnerID=40&md5=c8d14ff715e527bea6f8aee615a98881

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: After the Wenchuan earthquake occurred in 2008,rivers in the earthquake district have been damaged seriously by Landslides, debris flows and barrier lakes. Intensive researches have been conducted during the disaster relief, recovery and reconstruction. Based on the selective literature review of mechanism and technology studies of stream corridor restoration, the general principles and special principles in stream corridor restoration techniques to secondary disasters of earthquakes, the stability of rivers in the earthquake district, and the methodology and practice examples were summarized. It was suggested that further studies are especially required, including strengthen inter-disciplines studies in areas of hydraulic engineering, geo-science, and ecologic and environmental science to explore theory and key techniques of river corridor restoration after the Wenchuan earthquake.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Disaster relief; Fluvial processes; River sediment; Stream restoration; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Disaster relief; Fluvial process; River sediment; Stream restoration; Wenchuan Earthquake; Debris; Disaster prevention; Hydraulics; Restoration; Rivers; Sedimentology; Shore protection; Stream flow; Earthquakes
REFERENCES: Stream Corridor Restoration Principles Processes and Practices, (1999); 
undefined, (2007); 
Cao, Shuyou, Advances in studies of river sediment and fluvial processes of the Upper-Yangtze River in earthquake background, Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 41, 3, pp. 26-34, (2009); 
Liang, Jun, Fluvial process influenced by earthquake lakes and restoration of mountain rivers, Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 41, 6, pp. 13-17, (2009); 
undefined, (2008); 
undefined, (2008); 
undefined, (2008); 
undefined, (2010); 
undefined, (2007); 
Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering, (2009)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Review
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Kong, J., Fayou, F., Deng, H.-Y., Tian, S., Cui, Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Kong, Jiming (55793897000); Fayou, A. (36607707800); Deng, Hongyan (26655505800); Tian, Shujun (36609420200); Cui, Yun (57188824346)
55793897000; 36607707800; 26655505800; 36609420200; 57188824346
Classification and typical case analysis of Wenchuan earthquake-induced dammed lakes based on landslide formation mechanism
(2010) Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 42 (5), pp. 44 - 51, Cited 3 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77958477616&partnerID=40&md5=1d2d498809af034261d268c6f5916b5b

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: A large number of dammed lakes induced by Wenchuan earthquake can be classified based on the formation mechanism and characteristics. With the formation mechanism of seismic landslide (collapse) disasters, dammed lakes were classified into two major categories as the overall-sliding type and collapse-sliding type. Moreover, the collapse-sliding dammed lakes were divided into two subtypes as the fall-sliding type and fall-ejection-sliding type according to the formation characteristics of landslides. The typical cases of various earthquake-induced dammed lakes were chosen to analyze the formation methods, development characteristics and disposal measures, with a certain academic significance for raising the awareness of earthquake-induced dammed lakes and providing scientific guidance for the long-term control of earthquake-induced dammed lakes.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Classification; Earthquake-induced dammed lake; Formation mechanism; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Classification; Formation characteristics; Formation mechanism; Formation method; Typical case analysis; Wenchuan Earthquake; Lakes; Landslides; Earthquakes
REFERENCES: Earth Science Frontiers, (2008); 
Cui, Peng, Distribution and risk analysis of dammed lakes reduced by Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 41, 3, pp. 35-42, (2009); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2009); 
Costa, John E., FORMATION AND FAILURE OF NATURAL DAMS., Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 100, 7, pp. 1054-1068, (1988); 
Liang, Jun, Fluvial process influenced by earthquake lakes and restoration of mountain rivers, Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 41, 6, pp. 13-17, (2009); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2008); 
Quaternary Sciences, (2004); 
Bulletin of Water Conservancy and Hydropower, (2008); 
Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, (2009); 
Kong, Jiming, Typical case study on the development characteristics of fragmentation-sliding seismic landslide, Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 41, 3, pp. 119-124, (2009)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Li, X., Kong, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Li, Xiuzhen (56237865700); Kong, Jiming (55793897000)
56237865700; 55793897000
Runout distance estimation of landslides triggered by "5·12" Wenchuan earthquake
(2010) Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 42 (5), pp. 243 - 249, Cited 23 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77958469486&partnerID=40&md5=0155d814f92a846aed182487da0010b6

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Volume and topography are two important factors affecting runout distance of landslides. On the basis of detailed field investigation of the landslides triggered by "5·12 " Wenchuan earthquake, the relationships between runout distance and landslide volume and initial slope angle for 46 typical earthquake-induced landslides were analyzed. The results showed that there are good exponential relationships between the logarithmic values of displaced volume and horizontal and vertical distances for the landslides, and the R2 values are 0.8244 and 0.7859 respectively. Moreover, there is an good linear relationship between the equivalent friction coefficient and tangent values of initial slope angle for the landslides, and the R2 values is 0.7973. In addition, a relation of horizontal(L<inf>r</inf>) and vertical distance(H), landslide volume(V) and initial slope angle(θ) for the landslides was obtained by binary linear regression.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: "5·12" Wenchuan earthquake; Earthquake-induced landslides; Landslide volume; Runout distance estimation; Topography
INDEX KEYWORDS: Binary linear regression; Earthquake-induced landslides; Field investigation; Friction coefficients; Linear relationships; Runout distances; Slope angles; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes; Estimation; Friction; Topography; Landslides
REFERENCES: Scheidegger, Adrian E., On the prediction of the reach and velocity of catastrophic landslides, Rock Mechanics, 5, 4, pp. 231-236, (1973); 
Journal of Gansu Science, (1998); 
Journal of Northwest University Natural Science Edition, (2003); 
Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, (1999); 
Northwestern Seismological Journal, (2006); 
Hungr, Oldrich, A model for the runout analysis of rapid flow slides, debris flows, and avalanches, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 32, 4, pp. 610-623, (1995); 
Jiang, Xiaoyu, Contact mechanics model for risk predication of typical landslides, Gongcheng Lixue/Engineering Mechanics, 23, 8, pp. 95-109, (2006); 
Hungr, Oldrich, Two numerical models for landslide dynamic analysis, Computers and Geosciences, 35, 5, pp. 978-992, (2009); 
Okura, Yoichi, Effects of rockfall volume on runout distance, Engineering Geology, 58, 2, pp. 109-124, (2000); 
Zhang, Dexuan, Study of the 1920 Haiyuan earthquake-induced landslides in loess (China), Engineering Geology, 94, 1-2, pp. 76-88, (2007)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Liu, J., You, Y., Chen, X.-C.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Liu, Jinfeng (59454532200); You, Yong (35811595800); Chen, Xingchang (36618704600)
59454532200; 35811595800; 36618704600
The characteristics and countermeasures of dam-breaking debris flow after Wenchuan Earthquake-a case study of the Tangfang gully in Pingwu County, Sichuan province
(2010) Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 42 (5), pp. 68 - 75, Cited 7 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77958468100&partnerID=40&md5=6051f7b33295a6b8e28ad69380871b3d

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; School of Environment and Resource, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: A lot of collapses and landslides induced by the Wenchuan Earthquake have formed a lot of barrier dams. When these dams outburst, it tend to form dam-breaking debris flow. Taking the barrier lake of the Tangfang gully in the Pingtong town, Pingwu County, Sichuan province as an example, the characteristics and countermeasures of dam-breaking debris flow was investigated. The forming process, flow discharge calculation and countermeasures of dam-breaking debris flow after earthquake were analyzed by means of field investigation, field measurement and sampling analysis. The dam-breaking debris flow discharge were calculated by means of morphology investigation method and flood method. The calculating results showed that the flow discharge calculated by the flood method was obviously smaller than that calculated by morphology investigation method. The main reason was that there is serious blockage in the gully, a lot of loose solid materials induced by the earthquake, as well as the decrease of critical rainfall conditions of inducing debris flow. As a result, debris flow scale increased after the earthquake. The status of debris flow prevention in Tangfang gully has a lot of problems, such as poor conveyance capacity, broken basement and no excess-height in bend of the drainage canal, no preventing projects in the watershed. Under the condition of rainfall, debris flows will occur again. According to these problems, the countermeasures of building check dam, heightening drainage canal, warning and forecasting were put forward.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Countermeasures; Dam-breaking debris flow; Pingwu County; Tangfang Gully; Wenchuan Earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Countermeasures; Dam-breaking; Pingwu County; Tangfang Gully; Wenchuan Earthquake; Canals; Dams; Earthquakes; Floods; Flowmeters; Morphology; Rain; Debris
REFERENCES: Journal of Mountain Science, (2008); 
Journal of Sediment Research, (1993); 
Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, (2008); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2005); 
Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, (2004); 
Lin, Ching-Wee Weei, Impact of Chi-Chi earthquake on the occurrence of landslides and debris flows: Example from the Chenyulan River watershed, Nantou, Taiwan, Engineering Geology, 71, 1-2, pp. 49-61, (2004); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2008); 
undefined, (1991); 
undefined, (1993); 
undefined, (2004)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Xiang, L., Cui, P., Zhang, J., Huang, D.-C., Fang, H., Zhou, X.J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Xiang, Lingzhi (36195988600); Cui, Peng (56706923500); Zhang, Jianqiang (35212366900); Huang, Duocheng (36618912200); Fang, Hua (56391373800); Zhou, Xiaojun (57198476576)
36195988600; 56706923500; 35212366900; 36618912200; 56391373800; 57198476576
Triggering factors susceptibility of earthquake-induced collapses and landslides in Wenchuan County
(2010) Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 42 (5), pp. 105 - 112, Cited 17 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77958457234&partnerID=40&md5=1c65417f3cffa68a3bae776ff82f6aa3

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Anhui Inst. of Geo-Environment Monitoring, Bengbu, China
ABSTRACT: The remote sensing image and survey results after the earthquake showed that, the Wenchuan Ms8.0 Earthquake had induced more than 5 528 collapses and landslides in the Wenchuan County with the area of about 4083 km2. Based on GIS, the statistical relationships between the collapses and landslides distribution and the factors, such as the lithology, distance to faults, slope gradient, elevation and others, were analyzed. Susceptibility of triggering factors of Wenchuan Earthquake was analyzed by the means of slope certainty factors (CF). The most numerical intervals of each factor which are inclined to hazards were determined. The results showed that the hazards mainly distributed in the stratum of Proterozoic, Sinian and Permian with hard rock, in the slope of more than 40 degree, within a 10 km buffer zone to the active faults and 6 km to the no active faults. The collapses and landslides distributed mainly in the area with the elevation 1000~2500 m and relative height between 600~1000 m. The mainstream of the Min River absolutely controlled the hazard distribution. The conclusions indicated that the factors have the effect of seismic wave propagation in media and distance effect. There is significant different numerical interval which inclined to collapses and landslides in lithology and slope between induced by earthquake and by rainfall.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Certainty factor (CF); Collapse and landslide; Susceptibility analysis; Wenchuan Earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Active fault; Buffer zones; Certainty factors; Collapse and landslide; Distance effects; Hard rocks; Permian; Proterozoic; Relative heights; Remote sensing images; Slope gradients; Statistical relationship; Susceptibility analysis; Triggering factors; Wenchuan Earthquake; Image reconstruction; Landslides; Lithology; Remote sensing; Seismic waves; Surveys; Wave propagation; Earthquakes
REFERENCES: Prestininzi, Alberto, Earthquake-induced ground failures in Italy, Engineering Geology, 58, 3-4, pp. 387-397, (2000); 
Papadopoulos, Gerassimos A., Magnitude-distance relations for earthquake-induced landslides in Greece, Engineering Geology, 58, 3-4, pp. 377-386, (2000); 
Keefer, David K., LANDSLIDES CAUSED BY EARTHQUAKES., Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 95, 4, pp. 406-421, (1984); 
Keefer, David K., Statiscal analysis of an earthquake-induced landslide distribution - The 1989 Loma Prieta, California event, Engineering Geology, 58, 3-4, pp. 231-249, (2000); 
Shortliffe, Edward H., A model of inexact reasoning in medicine, Mathematical Biosciences, 23, 3-4, pp. 351-379, (1975); 
Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, (1986); 
Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, (2002); 
Zhou, Cuiying, Spatial probability analysis of landslides based on GIS technology, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 23, 6, pp. 911-914, (2004); 
Chen, Xiaoli, Triggering factors susceptibility of earthquake-induced landslides in 1976 Longling Earthquake, Beijing Daxue Xuebao (Ziran Kexue Ban)/Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis, 45, 1, pp. 104-109, (2009); 
Cui, Peng, The Wenchuan Earthquake (May 12, 2008), Sichuan Province, China, and resulting geohazards, Natural Hazards, 56, 1, pp. 19-36, (2011)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Chen, X., You, Y., Liu, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Chen, Xingzhang (25623240400); You, Yong (35811595800); Liu, Jinfeng (59454532200)
25623240400; 35811595800; 59454532200
Impacts on reconstruction and developing degrees evaluation of debris flows following the Wenchuan earthquake in Beichuan County, Sichuan, China
(2010) Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 42 (5), pp. 76 - 82, Cited 2 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77958451191&partnerID=40&md5=cf8cebda63b25d764ce26310504f7995

AFFILIATIONS: School of Environment and Resource, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: The debris flow hazards followed the Wenchuan earthquake have been the key restricting factor to the restoration and reconstruction in Beichuan County. The developing degrees evaluation of debris flow is of great significance to the reconstruction. Using ArcGIS technology and multi-factor superposition method, the developing degrees of debris flows in Beichuan County followed the Earthquake was evaluated based on the field survey and remote sensing interpretation. Landslides density, formation lithology, seismic intensity, slope gradient, surface roughness, and average annual precipitation were selected as evaluation factors and each of them was subdivided into five grades. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to determine the weights of factors and quantify each grade. On that basis, multi-factor weighted superposition evaluation model was constructed and used to evaluate the developing degrees of debris flow in the study area. According to the evaluation results, the study area was divided into three areas: high growth area, medium growth area and low growth area. The high growth area concentrated on the hanging wall of Beichuan-Yingxiu Fault and distributed along Leigu-Qushan-Chenjiaba townships, accounting for 6.6% of the study area. The medium growth area located on both sides of the high growth area and mainly on the hanging wall of Beichuan-Yingxiu Fault, accounting for 22.5% of the study area. The rest belonged to low growth area, accounting for 70.9% of the study area. It was suggested that human activities should avoid debris flows in the high growth area and debris flow disaster evaluation should be conducted in the medium growth area to ensure no disaster threat, or must avoid debris flow, too.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Beichuan County; Debris flow; Developing degrees evaluation; Multi-factor superposition method; Restoration and reconstruction
INDEX KEYWORDS: Average annual precipitation; Beichuan County; Debris flow hazards; Debris flows; Developing degrees evaluation; Disaster evaluation; Evaluation factor; Evaluation models; Evaluation results; Field surveys; Growth areas; High growth; Human activities; Landslides density; Multi-factor; Remote sensing interpretation; Restricting factors; Seismic intensity; Sichuan , China; Slope gradients; Study areas; Superposition method; Wenchuan Earthquake; Decision theory; Disaster prevention; Earthquakes; Hierarchical systems; Lithology; Remote sensing; Restoration; Surface roughness; Debris
REFERENCES: Zhang, Jianqiang, Sensitivity evaluation to the earthquake-induced landslide and collapse: A case study of Beichuan County, Sichuan Province, Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 41, 3, pp. 140-145, (2009); 
Cui, Peng, The 12 May Wenchuan earthquake-induced landslide lakes: Distribution and preliminary risk evaluation, Landslides, 6, 3, pp. 209-223, (2009); 
Cui, Peng, Distribution and risk analysis of dammed lakes reduced by Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 41, 3, pp. 35-42, (2009); 
Earth Science Frontiers, (2008); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2008); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2009); 
Cui, Peng, The Wenchuan Earthquake (May 12, 2008), Sichuan Province, China, and resulting geohazards, Natural Hazards, 56, 1, pp. 19-36, (2011); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2008); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2010); 
Li, Chuanyou, Amounts and styles of coseismic deformation along the northern segment of surface rupture, of the 2008 Wenchuan Mw 7.9 earthquake, China, Tectonophysics, 491, 1-4, pp. 35-58, (2010)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Xu, M., Wang, Z., Shi, W., Wang, X.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Xu, Mengzhen (34979414300); Wang, Zhaoyin (35486457100); Shi, Wenjing (36195684100); Wang, Xuzhao (36195739700)
34979414300; 35486457100; 36195684100; 36195739700
Mountain disaster chain induced by the Wenchuan earthquake in the Huoshiguo Gorge
(2010) Qinghua Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Tsinghua University, 50 (9), pp. 1338 - 1341, Cited 8 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77957820010&partnerID=40&md5=d6edd81f863795d37523d87928e10cc0

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: The Wenchuan earthquake triggered the Huoshigou landslide in the upstream part of the Wenjingjiang River. Following the landslide, debris flows, large fluvial deposits, and ecological changes occurred frequently, resulting in a secondary disaster chain. Field investigations combined spot surveys using a GPS and a laser distance meter, remote sensing, and topographic maps studied the processes and characteristics of the secondary disasters. Landscape changes in the Huoshigou Gorge are described in detail. The landslide volume was measured as around 7.21 million m3 with the debris flows transporting 1.25 million m3 of sediment to be deposited downstream. Intense fluvial process on the debris scoured down 0.06 million m3 of sediment from the 0.4 million m3 deposited debric. The volume of secondary disasters decreased along the disaster chain with an attenuation factor of about 1/6. Changes in the macroinvertebrate community in the area affected by the disasters showed that the river ecosystem was greatly disturbed. The flat land with an area of 0.25 km2 created by the landslide gradually stabilized after the disasters and can be used for new villages after simple strengthening.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Attenuation factor of disaster chain; Debris flow; Disasters chain; Huoshigou landslide; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Attenuation factor of disaster chain; Attenuation factors; Debris flow; Debris flows; Ecological changes; Field investigation; Fluvial deposits; Fluvial process; Huoshigou landslide; Landscape changes; Macroinvertebrate community; River ecosystem; Topographic map; Wenchuan Earthquake; Debris; Disasters; Earthquakes; Ecosystems; Maps; Remote sensing; Rivers; Sedimentology; Landslides
REFERENCES: Journal of Engineering Geology, (2008); 
Journal of Geomechanics, (2008); 
Koi, Takashi, Prolonged impact of earthquake-induced landslides on sediment yield in a mountain watershed: The Tanzawa region, Japan, Geomorphology, 101, 4, pp. 692-702, (2008); 
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences, (2008); 
Lin, Wentzu, Eco-environmental changes assessment at the Chiufenershan landslide area caused by catastrophic earthquake in Central Taiwan, Ecological Engineering, 33, 3-4, pp. 220-232, (2008); 
Wang, Zhaoyin, Continual erosion of bare rocks after the Wenchuan earthquake and control strategies, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 40, 4, pp. 915-925, (2011); 
Xu, Qiang, Landslide dams triggered by the Wenchuan Earthquake, Sichuan Province, south west China, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 68, 3, pp. 373-386, (2009); 
Fate of Persistent Organic Pollutants in the Environment, (2007)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zhang, J., Cui, P., Zhang, B., Yang, C., McVerry, G.H.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhang, Jian (53664705500); Cui, Peng (56706923500); Zhang, Bingkun (56171097300); Yang, Changwei (55635393100); McVerry, Graeme H. (6603576774)
53664705500; 56706923500; 56171097300; 55635393100; 6603576774
Earthquake-induced landslide displacement attenuation models and application in probabilistic seismic landslide displacement analysis
(2010) Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, 9 (2), pp. 177 - 187, Cited 5 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11803-010-0004-6
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77955243009&doi=10.1007%2Fs11803-010-0004-6&partnerID=40&md5=2aaf4490aec7bd733f426772e4c51191

AFFILIATIONS: Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Institute of Mountain Disaster and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; GNS Science, Lower Hutt, WGN, New Zealand
ABSTRACT: A landslide displacement (D<inf>LL</inf>) attenuation model has been developed using spectral intensity and a ratio of critical acceleration coefficient to ground acceleration coefficient. In the development of the model, a New Zealand earthquake record data set with magnitudes ranging from 5. 0 to 7. 2 within a source distance of 175 km is used. The model can be used to carry out deterministic landslide displacement analysis, and readily extended to carry out probabilistic seismic landslide displacement analysis. D<inf>LL</inf> attenuation models have also been developed by using earthquake source terms, such as magnitude and source distance, that account for the effects of earthquake fault type, source type, and site conditions. Sensitivity analyses show that the predicted D<inf>LL</inf> values from the new models are close to those from the Romeo model that was developed from an Italian earthquake record data set. The proposed models are also applied to an analysis of landslide displacements in the Wenchuan earthquake, and a comparison between the predicted and the observed results shows that the proposed models are reliable, and can be confidently used in mapping landslide potential. © 2010 Institute of Engineering Mechanics, China Earthquake Administration and Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Deterministic analysis; Displacement; Intensity measures; Landslide; Probabilistic analysis
INDEX KEYWORDS: Attenuation model; Critical acceleration; Data sets; Deterministic analysis; Displacement; Displacement analysis; Earthquake fault; Earthquake records; Earthquake source; Ground accelerations; Intensity measure; New model; New zealand; Probabilistic analysis; Site conditions; Source types; Spectral intensity; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquake effects; Landslides; Seismology; Sensitivity analysis
REFERENCES: Al-Homoud, Azm S., Comparison between predictions using different simplified Newmarks' block-on-plane models and field values of earthquake induced displacements, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 19, 2, pp. 73-90, (2000); 
Ambraseys, Nicholas N., Attenuation of earthquake‐induced ground displacements, Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 23, 5, pp. 467-487, (1994); 
undefined, (2010); 
Bardet, Jean Pierre, Performance of San Fernando Dams during 1994 Northridge Earthquake, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering - ASCE, 122, 7, pp. 554-564, (1996); 
Crespellani, Teresa, Earthquake destructiveness potential factor and slope stability, Geotechnique, 48, 3, pp. 411-419, (1998); 
undefined, (2010); 
Proceedings of the 9th Australia New Zealand Conference on Geomechanics Auckland, (2004); 
undefined, (2010); 
undefined, (2010); 
undefined, (2010)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Su, F.H., Cui, P., Zhang, J., Xiang, L.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Su, Fenghuan (14033176000); Cui, Peng (56706923500); Zhang, Jianqiang (35212366900); Xiang, Lingzhi (36195988600)
14033176000; 56706923500; 35212366900; 36195988600
Susceptibility assessment of landslides caused by the Wenchuan earthquake using a logistic regression model
(2010) Journal of Mountain Science, 7 (3), pp. 234 - 245, Cited 38 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11629-010-2015-1
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77955168631&doi=10.1007%2Fs11629-010-2015-1&partnerID=40&md5=2ac646f3d8c8feda3d8f2c678b62647b

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: The Wenchuan earthquake on May 12, 2008 caused numerous collapses, landslides, barrier lakes, and debris flows. Landslide susceptibility mapping is important for evaluation of environmental capacity and also as a guide for post-earthquake reconstruction. In this paper, a logistic regression model was developed within the framework of GIS to map landslide susceptibility. Qingchuan County, a heavily affected area, was selected for the study. Distribution of landslides was prepared by interpretation of multi-temporal and multi-resolution remote sensing images (ADS40 aerial imagery, SPOT5 imagery and TM imagery, etc.) and field surveys. The Certainly Factor method was used to find the influencial factors, indicating that lithologic groups, distance from major faults, slope angle, profile curvature, and altitude are the dominant factors influencing landslides. The weight of each factor was determined using a binomial logistic regression model. Landslide susceptibility mapping was based on spatial overlay analysis and divided into five classes. Major faults have the most significant impact, and landslides will occur most likely in areas near the faults. Onethird of the area has a high or very high susceptibility, located in the northeast, south and southwest, including 65.3% of all landslides coincident with the earthquake. The susceptibility map can reveal the likelihood of future failures, and it will be useful for planners during the rebuilding process and for future zoning issues. © 2010 Science Press, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, CAS and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Certainty factor; Gis; Landslide susceptibility; Logistic regression; Wenchuan Earthquake
REFERENCES: Aleotti, Pietro, Landslide hazard assessment: Summary review and new perspectives, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 58, 1, pp. 21-44, (1999); 
Binaghi, Elisabetta, Slope instability zonation: a comparison between certainty factor and fuzzy Dempster-Shafer approaches, Natural Hazards, 17, 1, pp. 77-97, (1998); 
Chung, Chungjo F., The representation of geoscience information for data integration, Nonrenewable Resources, 2, 2, pp. 122-139, (1993); 
Chung, Chungjo F., Probabilistic prediction models for landslide hazard mapping, Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, 65, 12, pp. 1389-1399, (1999); 
Gokceoglu, C., Discontinuity controlled probabilistic slope failure risk maps of the Altindag (settlement) region in Turkey, Engineering Geology, 55, 4, pp. 277-296, (2000); 
Lineback Gritzner, Mandy, Assessing landslide potential using GIS, soil wetness modeling and topographic attributes, Payette River, Idaho, Geomorphology, 37, 1-2, pp. 149-165, (2001); 
Juang, Charnghsein, Mapping slope failure potential using fuzzy sets, Journal of Geotechcnical Engineering, 118, 3, pp. 475-494, (1992); 
Lan, Hengxing, Landslide hazard spatial analysis and prediction using GIS in the Xiaojiang watershed, Yunnan, China, Engineering Geology, 76, 1-2, pp. 109-128, (2004); 
Saro, Lee M., Statistical analysis of landslide susceptibility at Yongin, Korea, Environmental Geology, 40, 9, pp. 1095-1113, (2001); 
Saha, Ashis Kumar, An approach for GIS-based statistical landslide susceptibility zonation-with a case study in the Himalayas, Landslides, 2, 1, pp. 61-69, (2005)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Li, Y., Wang, Z., Shi, W., Wang, X.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Li, Yanfu (36195803200); Wang, Zhaoyin (35486457100); Shi, Wenjing (36195684100); Wang, Xuzhao (36195739700)
36195803200; 35486457100; 36195684100; 36195739700
Slope debris flows in the Wenchuan Earthquake area
(2010) Journal of Mountain Science, 7 (3), pp. 226 - 233, Cited 15 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11629-010-2014-2
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77955159964&doi=10.1007%2Fs11629-010-2014-2&partnerID=40&md5=0ddfcdd4fed3e8d16ce5f95048365192

AFFILIATIONS: Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Avalanches and landslides, induced by the Wenchuan Earthquake on May 12, 2008, resulted in a lot of disaggregated, solid material on slopes that could be readily mobilized as source material for debris flows. Rainstorms triggered numerous slope debris flows with great damage to highways and rivers over the subsequent two years. Slope debris flows (as opposed to channelized debris flows) are defined as phenomena in which high-concentration mixtures of debris and water flow down slopes for short distances to highways and river banks. Based on field investigations and measurements of 19 slope debris flows, their main characteristics and potential mitigation strategies were studied. High rainfall intensity is the main triggering factor. Critical rainfall intensities for simultaneous occurrence of single, several and numerous slope debris flow events were 20 mm/day, 30mm/day, and 90 mm/day, respectively. Field investigations also revealed that slope debris flows consist of high concentrations of cobbles, boulders and gravel. They are two-phase debris flows. The liquid phase plays the role of lubrication instead of transporting medium. Solid particles collide with each other and consume a lot of energy. The velocities of slope debris flows are very low, and their transport distances are only several tens of meters. Slope debris flows may be controlled by construction of drainage systems and by reforestation. © 2010 Science Press, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, CAS and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Avalanche; Landslide; Rainfall intensity; Slope debris flow; Wenchuan Earthquake
REFERENCES: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, (1956); 
Proc R Soc London Ser A, (1954); 
Chen, Chenglung, Generalized viscoplastic modeling of debris flow, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 114, 3, pp. 237-258, (1988); 
Erosion and Sedimentation in the Pacific Rim, (1987); 
Physical Processes in Geology, (1970); 
Julien, Pierre Y., Rheology of hyperconcentrations, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 117, 3, pp. 346-353, (1991); 
Research on Debris Flow in China, (2004); 
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Lin, Ching-Wee Weei, Impacts of the Chi-Chi earthquake on subsequent rainfall-induced landslides in central Taiwan, Engineering Geology, 86, 2-3, pp. 87-101, (2006); 
Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation, (2007)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wang, J., Yao, L.-K., Hussain, A.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wang, Jian (57221357023); Yao, Lingkan (7201688064); Hussain, Arshad (59170083700)
57221357023; 7201688064; 59170083700
Analysis of earthquake-triggered failure mechanisms of slopes and sliding surfaces
(2010) Journal of Mountain Science, 7 (3), pp. 282 - 290, Cited 40 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11629-010-2020-4
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77955151031&doi=10.1007%2Fs11629-010-2020-4&partnerID=40&md5=047d0834c600d64256cca17328446f80

AFFILIATIONS: School of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; MOE Key Laboratory of High-speed Railway Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Sichuan Key Laboratory of Aseismic Engineering and Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
ABSTRACT: Earthquake-induced landslides along the Dujiangyan-Yingxiu highway after the Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake in 2008 were investigated. It was found that: (1) slopes were shattered and damaged during the earthquake and open tension cracks formed on the tops of the slopes; (2) the upper parts of slopes collapsed and slid, while the lower parts remained basically intact, indicating that the upper parts of slopes would be damaged more heavily than the lower parts during an earthquake. Large-scale shaking table model tests were conducted to study failure behavior of slopes under the Wenchuan seismic wave, which reproduced the process of deformation and failure of slopes. Tension cracks emerged at the top and upper part of model, while the bottom of the model remained intact, consistent with field investigations. Depth of the tension crack at the top of model is 32 cm, i.e., 3.2 m compared to the prototype natural slope with a height of 14 m when the length scale ratio (proto/model) is 10. Acceleration at the top of the slope was almost twice as large as that at the toe when the measured accelerations on shaking table are 4.85 m/s2 and 6.49 m/s2, which means that seismic force at the top of the slope is twice the magnitude of that at the toe. By use of the dynamic-strength-reduction method, numerical simulation was conducted to explore the process and mechanism of formation of the sliding surface, with other quantified information. The earthquake-induced failure surfaces commonly consist of tension cracks and shear zones. Within 5 m from the top of the slope, the dynamic sliding surface will be about 1 m shallower than the pseudo-static sliding surface in a horizontal direction when the peak ground acceleration (PGA) is 1 m/s2; the dynamic sliding surface will be about 2 m deeper than the pseudo-static sliding surface in a horizontal direction when the PGA is 10 m/s2, and the depths of the dynamic sliding surface and the pseudo-static sliding surface will be almost the same when the PGA is 2 m/s2. Based on these findings, it is suggested that the key point of anti-seismic design, as well as for mitigation of post-earthquake, secondary mountain hazards, is to prevent tension cracks from forming in the upper part of the slope. Therefore, the depth of tension cracks in slope surfaces is the key to reinforcement of slopes. The depth of the sliding surface from the pseudo-static method can be a reference for slope reinforcement mitigation. © 2010 Science Press, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, CAS and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Seismic sliding surface; Shaking table model test; Slope failure mechanism; Subgrade engineering; Wenchuan earthquake
REFERENCES: Baker, Raphael, Stability charts for pseudo-static slope stability analysis, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 26, 9, pp. 813-823, (2006); 
Chen, Tienchien, Pseudostatic analysis of Tsao-Ling rockslide caused by Chi-Chi earthquake, Engineering Geology, 71, 1-2, pp. 31-47, (2004); 
Crespellani, Teresa, Earthquake destructiveness potential factor and slope stability, Geotechnique, 48, 3, pp. 411-419, (1998); 
Cui, Peng, The Wenchuan Earthquake (May 12, 2008), Sichuan Province, China, and resulting geohazards, Natural Hazards, 56, 1, pp. 19-36, (2011); 
undefined, (2010); 
Havenith, Hans Balder, Initiation of earthquake-induced slope failure: Influence of topographical and other site specific amplification effects, Journal of Seismology, 7, 3, pp. 397-412, (2003); 
Huang, Runqiu, Mechanism and geomechanical modes of landslide hazards triggered by Wenchuan 8.0 earthquake, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 28, 6, pp. 1239-1249, (2009); 
Journal of Transport Science and Engineering, (2009); 
undefined, (2010); 
Jibson, Randall W., Analysis of the seismic origin of landslides: examples from the New Madrid seismic zone, Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 105, 4, pp. 521-536, (1993)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Hu, K.H., Cui, P., Wang, C., Li, Y., Lu, X.B.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Hu, Kaiheng (55648903800); Cui, Peng (56706923500); Wang, Chuanchang (36195707000); Li, Yong (56044366400); Lu, Xiaobing (55687417300)
55648903800; 56706923500; 36195707000; 56044366400; 55687417300
Characteristic rainfall for warning of debris flows
(2010) Journal of Mountain Science, 7 (3), pp. 207 - 214, Cited 31 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11629-010-2022-2
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77955133370&doi=10.1007%2Fs11629-010-2022-2&partnerID=40&md5=a57297ecb9e0ffb9d20fa3383725540b

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Institute of Mechanics, Institute of Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: A characteristic rainfall is introduced to overcome the difficulties encountered in determining a critical rainfall value for triggering debris flow. The characteristic value is defined as the rainfall at which debris-flow occurrence probability shows a rapid increase, and can be used as a warning rainfall threshold for debris flows. Investigation of recorded debris flows and 24-hour rainfall data at Jiangjia basin, Yunnan Province, in southwestern China, demonstrates the existence of such a characteristic rainfall. It was found that the characteristic rainfall corresponds to the daily rainfall of 90% cumulative probability by analyzing the basin's daily rainfall histogram. The result provides a simple and useful method for estimating a debris-flow warning rainfall threshold from the daily rainfall distribution. It was applied to estimate the debris-flow warning rainfall threshold for the Subaohe basin, a watershed in the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake zone with many physical characteristics similar to those of the Jiangjia basin. © 2010 Science Press, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, CAS and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flow; Statistics of daily rainfall distribution; Warning rainfall threshold; Wenchuan earthquake
REFERENCES: Bovis, Michael J., The role of debris supply conditions in predicting debris flow activity, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 24, 11, pp. 1039-1054, (1999); 
Caine, Nel, The rainfall intensity-duration control of shallow landslides and debris flows., Geografiska Annaler, Series A: Physical Geography, 62, 1-2, pp. 23-27, (1980); 
California Geology, (1985); 
Casadei, M., Testing a model for predicting the timing and location of shallow landslide initiation in soil-mantled landscapes, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 28, 9, pp. 925-950, (2003); 
A Preliminary Analysis of the Relation Between Debris Flow and Rainstorm at the Jiangjia Gully of Dongchuan in Yunnan, (1985); 
Chen, Chienyuan, Rainfall duration and debris-flow initiated studies for real-time monitoring, Environmental Geology, 47, 5, pp. 715-724, (2005); 
Debris Flow Hazards and Related Phenomena, (2005); 
Cui, Peng, The Wenchuan Earthquake (May 12, 2008), Sichuan Province, China, and resulting geohazards, Natural Hazards, 56, 1, pp. 19-36, (2011); 
Gabet, Emmanuel J., The mobilization of debris flows from shallow landslides, Geomorphology, 74, 1-4, pp. 207-218, (2006); 
Godt, Jonathan W., Rainfall characteristics for shallow landsliding in Seattle, Washington, USA, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 31, 1, pp. 97-110, (2006)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Liu, J., You, Y., Chen, X.-C., Fan, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Liu, Jinfeng (59454532200); You, Yong (35811595800); Chen, Xingchang (36618704600); Fan, Jianrong (8727506000)
59454532200; 35811595800; 36618704600; 8727506000
Identification of potential sites of debris flows in the upper Min River drainage, following environmental changes caused by the Wenchuan earthquake
(2010) Journal of Mountain Science, 7 (3), pp. 255 - 263, Cited 20 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11629-010-2017-z
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77955128750&doi=10.1007%2Fs11629-010-2017-z&partnerID=40&md5=36bdcbb508277e20959d4895698423dc

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: The Wenchuan earthquake caused numerous landslides and collapses that provide abundant unconsolidated material for future mobilization as debris flows. Debris flows will be very active and cause considerable damage for some time in the affected area. Because of environmental changes related to the earthquake, many potentially dangerous debris flow gullies have yet to be identified. This paper selects the upper Min River from Yinxiu to Wenchuan as the study area, interprets the unconsolidated deposits, and discusses their relationship to distance from the fault. Then, applying that information and the values of other factors relating to debris flow occurrence, the locations of potential debris flows are analyzed by multi-factor comprehensive identification and rapid identification. The multi-factor comprehensive identification employs fuzzy matter-element extension theory. The volume of unconsolidated material in the study area is about 3.28 × 108 m3. According to the analysis by multi-factor comprehensive identification, 47 gullies have a high probability for potential debris flow, 8 gullies have a moderate probability, and 1 gully has a low probability. © 2010 Science Press, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, CAS and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Identification; Potential debris flow; Unconsolidated material; Wenchuan earthquake
REFERENCES: Coussot, Philippe, Recognition, classification and mechanical description of debris flows, Earth-Science Reviews, 40, 3-4, pp. 209-227, (1996); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2009); 
Chinese Journal of Systems Science, (2009); 
undefined, (2010); 
Wilford, David J., Recognition of debris flow, debris flood and flood hazard through watershed morphometrics, Landslides, 1, 1, pp. 61-66, (2004); 
Movement Mechanism and Disaster Control for Debris Flow, (2003); 
undefined, (2010); 
Jackson, Lionel E., Identification of debris flow hazard on alluvial fans in the Canadian Rocky Mountains, pp. 115-124, (1987); 
undefined, (2010); 
Klubertanz, Georg, Identification of mechanisms for landslide type initiation of debris flows, Engineering Geology, 109, 1-2, pp. 114-123, (2009)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Chen, A.-L., Zhu, B., Wu, Y.-H., Li, G.-Z.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Chen, Ai Liah (55447313000); Zhu, Boqin (59122327600); Wu, Yanhua (56093432400); Li, Guozhu (56163758500)
55447313000; 59122327600; 56093432400; 56163758500
Assessment of road damage in severely affected areas of Wenchuan earthquake using airborne remote sensing
(2010) Journal of Natural Disasters, 19 (4), pp. 152 - 157, Cited 5 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-78649378086&partnerID=40&md5=2e739ac5a287c19ece3149aa58337034

AFFILIATIONS: College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Center for Earth Observation and Digital Earth, Haidian, Beijing, China; Institute of Remote Sensing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: At 14;28 on May 12, 2008, a catastrophic earthquake with a magnitude of 8 broke out in Wenchuan, Sichuan Province of China, followed by lots of aftershock. The quakes have brought about varieties of disasters, such as buildings collapse, landslides, floods, traffic block, etc. Roads,as a lifeline engineering, are always the most important facilities, for they are the only means to do rescue in almost all disasters, .especially in the earthquake, during which the telecommunication is always cut down and there are so many hurts. Thus,it makes good sense to know about the conditions of the traffic especially the roads and bridges, as well as rails, to decide how to give out help and foods, etc. , so that the total death would finally be minimized. This article firstly checks the conditions of the traffic from ADS40 optical images, and then calculates the damage of the roads with respect to some aspects (such as the hierarchy of the roads/counties, etc. ). The factors that affected the damage of the roads were analyzed in the end. The results show that 7.7% of the national roads and 10.2% of provincial roads are heavily ruined, and the roads in Wenchuan have the highest damage rate ( more than 22% ) , compared to other counties ' / cities '. Meanwhile, roads damage is found to have highly positive correlation with the earthquake intensity : the stronger the intensity is, the heavier the damage would be. Besides, roads damage is found to be affected by the topography as well as the geology.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: ADS40; Airborne remote sensing; Roads traffic; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: aftershock; airborne sensing; catastrophic event; earthquake damage; earthquake intensity; earthquake magnitude; hazard assessment; road; Sichuan earthquake 2008; topographic effect
REFERENCES: undefined, (2010); 
undefined, (2010); 
undefined, (2010); 
undefined, (2010); 
undefined, (2010); 
undefined, (2010); 
undefined, (2010); 
undefined, (2010); 
undefined, (2010)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wang, X., Nie, G., Zhang, L.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wang, Xiuying (55736957400); Nie, Gaozhong (8728895400); Zhang, Ling (58434335100)
55736957400; 8728895400; 58434335100
Relationship between landslides induced by the Wenchuan Earthquake and Arias intensity
(2010) Yingyong Jichu yu Gongcheng Kexue Xuebao/Journal of Basic Science and Engineering, 18 (4), pp. 645 - 656, Cited 17 times.
DOI: 10.3969./j.issn.1005-0930.2010.04.012
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77958579204&doi=10.3969.%2Fj.issn.1005-0930.2010.04.012&partnerID=40&md5=815700a4fa705f595c0bc42a6adeecdd

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Crustal Dynamics, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing, China; Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China; Seismological Bureau of Shandong Province, Jinan, Shandong, China
ABSTRACT: Based on the data obtained from the Wenchuan Earthquake, the relationship between earthquake-induced landslides and Arias intensity (I<inf>a</inf>) was studied. The results included; the threshold of I<inf>a</inf> was about 0.4 m/s, and 4m/s could be regarded as the upper limit. Different stratum with different I<inf>a</inf> variation scope, the average I<inf>a</inf> was about 1.0 m/s in the Longmenshan earthquake-hit areas. I<inf>a</inf> attenuation law was established based on the strong motion records distributed long the Longmenshan Faults. The estimated result from this attenuation was fit well with real case, which showed I<inf>a</inf> paramter that mixed the information of amplitude, duration and frequency was more relevant with earthquake surface damages. The area evaluated from Arias attenuation was more concentrated than that of earthquake intensity. Therefore, Arias intensity can be used to quickly estimate affected area of earthquake-induced landslides to provide information for decision making and hazard evaluation during earthquake emergency rescue time.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Arias intensity; Attenuation relation; Earthquake-induced landslide; Hazard evaluation; The Wenchuan Earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Arias intensity; Attenuation relation; Earthquake-induced landslide; Hazard evaluation; Wenchuan Earthquake; Decision making; Hazards; Landslides; Earthquakes
REFERENCES: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, (1983); 
Wilson, Raymond Clark, PREDICTING AREAL LIMITS OF EARTHQUAKE-INDUCED LANDSLIDING., Geological Survey, Professional Paper, pp. 317-345, (1985); 
Jibson, Randall W., Predicting earthquake-induced landslide displacements using Newmark's sliding block analysis, Transportation Research Record, 1411, pp. 9-17, (1993); 
Harp, Edwin L., Shaking intensity thresholds for rock falls and slides: evidence from 1987 Whittier Narrows and Superstition Hills earthquake strong- motion records, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 85, 6, pp. 1739-1757, (1995); 
Huang, Runqiu, Research on development and distribution rules of geohazards induced by Wenchuan earthquake on 12th May, 2008, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 27, 12, pp. 2585-2592, (2008); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2008); 
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences, (2008); 
Technology for Earthquake Disaster Prevention, (2008); 
Li, Xiaojun, Strong motion observations and recordings from the great Wenchuan Earthquake, Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, 7, 3, pp. 235-246, (2008); 
Earthquake Research in Sichuan, (2008)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Ouimet, W.B.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Ouimet, William B. (7801682185)
7801682185
Landslides associated with the May 12, 2008 Wenchuan earthquake: Implications for the erosion and tectonic evolution of the Longmen Shan
(2010) Tectonophysics, 491 (1-4), pp. 244 - 252, Cited 102 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.tecto.2009.09.012
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77955423406&doi=10.1016%2Fj.tecto.2009.09.012&partnerID=40&md5=ef4a9db8f02ea2b4dd42f8901809fb9f

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Geology, Amherst College, Amherst, MA, United States
ABSTRACT: Satellite images and aerial-photography following the Wenchuan earthquake show that a broad area experienced severe landsliding in association with the main earthquake and aftershocks. A zone of high density landsliding (>10% landslide surface area affected) stretches for ~240 km along the earthquake region, in proximity to the Yingxiu, Beichuan and Pennguan faults, which ruptured during the earthquake. The width of this severe landsliding zone varies along the strike, from ~25-30 km wide in the southwestern section of the earthquake region, to ~3-5 in the northeastern section. These variations coincide with differences in hillslope gradients, bedrock lithologies, co-seismic slip and ground shaking observed in these sections of the earthquake region. In general, there is good correlation between the magnitude and distribution of ground shaking experienced during the earthquake and mapped landslide density, though limited data and varying fault models prevent any in-depth comparison with high-resolution maps of ground shaking experienced. Landslides associated with Wenchuan earthquake highlight interesting aspects of erosion and tectonic evolution of the Longmen Shan. Short-term erosion rates in the Longmen Shan region measured from cosmogenic nuclides prior to the earthquake were ~0.2-0.3 mm/yr, reflecting the last 2000-3000. years - a time period shorter than the estimated recurrence interval of large earthquakes along the fault that ruptured, while long-term erosion rates measured by low-temperature thermochronology were higher, 0.5-0.7. mm/yr for the last 8-10. Ma. Integrating the total amount of erosion associated the earthquake into the short-term erosion rate estimates pushes the rate much higher. This suggests that the earthquake and associated landslide erosion was necessary for the landscape to 'catch-up' and balance the long-term tectonic growth of the Longmen Shan, particularly in the southwestern section of the earthquake region. Taken together, the earthquake and associated landslide erosion can be seen as the most recent expression of the rapid deformation/uplift and erosion that previous geomorphic evidence and geodynamic models had argued for along Longmen Shan front. © 2009 Elsevier B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Erosion; Landscape evolution; Landslides; Longmen Shan; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Cosmogenic nuclides; Erosion rates; Fault model; Geodynamic models; Geomorphic evidence; Good correlations; Ground-shaking; High density; High resolution; Hillslopes; Landscape evolution; Landscape evolutions; Landslide erosion; Landsliding; Limited data; Longmen Shan; Low temperatures; Recurrence intervals; Satellite images; Seismic slips; Surface area; Tectonic evolution; Thermochronology; Time periods; Wenchuan Earthquake; Biology; Landslides; Soil mechanics; Tectonics; Earthquakes; aftershock; deformation; earthquake rupture; erosion; geodynamics; landscape evolution; landslide; Sichuan earthquake 2008; tectonic evolution; thermochronology; Beichuan; China; Sichuan; Yingxiu
REFERENCES: Arne, Dennis C., Differential exhumation in response to episodic thrusting along the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, Tectonophysics, 280, 3-4, pp. 239-256, (1997); 
Burchfiel, B. Clark, Tectonics of the Longmen Shan and Adjacent Regions, Central China, International Geology Review, 37, 8, pp. 661-735, (1995); 
Burchfiel, B. Clark, A geological and geophysical context for the Wenchuan earthquake of 12 May 2008, Sichuan, People's Republic of China, GSA Today, 18, 7, pp. 4-11, (2008); 
Chen, Shefa, Emplacement of the Longmen Shan Thrust-Nappe Belt along the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, Journal of Structural Geology, 18, 4, pp. 413-430, (1996); 
Chen, Shefa, Tectonic transition from the Songpan-Garze Fold Belt to the Sichuan Basin, South-Western China, Basin Research, 7, 3, pp. 235-253, (1995); 
Clark, Marin Kristen, Dynamic topography produced by lower crustal flow against rheological strength heterogeneities bordering the Tibetan Plateau, Geophysical Journal International, 162, 2, pp. 575-590, (2005); 
Cui, Peng, The 12 May Wenchuan earthquake-induced landslide lakes: Distribution and preliminary risk evaluation, Landslides, 6, 3, pp. 209-223, (2009); 
Dadson, Simon J., Links between erosion, runoff variability and seismicity in the Taiwan orogen, Nature, 426, 6967, pp. 648-651, (2003); 
Dadson, Simon J., Earthquake-triggered increase in sediment delivery from an active mountain belt, Geology, 32, 8, pp. 733-736, (2004); 
Deng, Zhihui, Complicated phenomena of the Beichuan-Yingxiu surface fracture zone during Wenchuan Ms8.0 earthquake in Sichuan Province, China, Chinese Science Bulletin, 53, 24, pp. 3891-3896, (2008)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Jia, D., Li, Y., Lin, A., Wang, M., Chen, W., Wu, X., Ren, Z., Zhao, Y., Luo, L.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Jia, Dong (7101755089); Li, Yiquan (49061375300); Lin, Aiming (7402061915); Wang, Maomao (49061608900); Chen, Wei (55525394900); Wu, Xiaojun (57198468580); Ren, Zhikun (26321922800); Zhao, Yao (49061713400); Luo, Liang (56121034700)
7101755089; 49061375300; 7402061915; 49061608900; 55525394900; 57198468580; 26321922800; 49061713400; 56121034700
Structural model of 2008 Mw 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake in the rejuvenated Longmen Shan thrust belt, China
(2010) Tectonophysics, 491 (1-4), pp. 174 - 184, Cited 223 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.tecto.2009.08.040
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77953714779&doi=10.1016%2Fj.tecto.2009.08.040&partnerID=40&md5=ea05f7b97147c85facf4a59da8bc333f

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Earth Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan; School of Resources and Environment, Southwest Petroleum University China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: The 12 May 2008 Wenchuan earthquake (M<inf>w</inf>=7.9) of China occurred in the Longmen Shan thrust belt and is a consequence of the ongoing uplift process of the eastern margin of Tibetan plateau. The coseismic surface ruptures coincide with the pre-existing thrust fault trace. Destruction of buildings and the location of seismically induced landslides are located in the hanging wall of the reactivated thrust faults. In order to detect any indication of coseismic deformation linked to subsurface structures, we interpret the subsurface fault and fold geometries using petroleum seismic reflection profiles, as well as coseismic surface ruptures and seismicity. Our data suggest that the deformation can be divided into two different structural segments related to the regional coseismic deformation during the Wenchuan earthquake. In the southern segment (the Yingxiu-Hongkou-Hanwang segment), two coseismic surface rupture zones coincide with two pre-existing thrust faults (the Yingxiu-Beichuan and Pengguan faults) in the seismic profiles and both coseismic active thrusts become incorporated into the deep main detachment. This through-going thrust fault connecting directly from the hypocenter to the surface break, but cannot be easily extended to the northern segment along the Yingxiu-Beichuan thrust fault zone. In contrast, only one shallow coseismic active thrust fault with oblique-slip occurs as the active passive roof of imbricate thrust sheets in the northern segment (Beichuan-Qingchuan segment). Our results show ramp-flat geometry and the wedge characteristics at the blind front of the rejuvenated thrust belt. We emphasize that there is a potential 15-17km-deep main detachment associated with this large earthquake in the Longmen Shan belt, and infer that some active displacements along the 6-9km depth shallow detachment have propagated into the Sichuan basin since late Cenozoic. © 2009 Elsevier B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Coseismic active faults; Longmen Shan; Seismic reflection profiles; Structural model; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Active fault; Coseismic deformation; Coseismic surface rupture; Late Cenozoic; Seismic profiles; Seismic reflection profiles; Seismically induced landslide; Sichuan Basin; Structural models; Subsurface structures; Thrust belts; Thrust faults; Tibetan Plateau; Wenchuan Earthquake; Deformation; Geochronology; Model structures; Reflection; Seismic waves; Earthquakes; Cenozoic; coseismic process; deformation; detachment fault; displacement; earthquake magnitude; earthquake rupture; fault geometry; fault zone; oblique fault; seismic reflection; seismicity; Sichuan earthquake 2008; thrust fault; China; Longmen Mountains; Qinghai-Xizang Plateau
REFERENCES: Allmendinger, R. W., Inverse and forward numerical modeling of trishear faultpropagation folds, Tectonics, 17, 4, pp. 640-656, (1998); 
Arne, Dennis C., Differential exhumation in response to episodic thrusting along the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, Tectonophysics, 280, 3-4, pp. 239-256, (1997); 
Avouac, Jean Philippe, Kinematic model of active deformation in central Asia, Geophysical Research Letters, 20, 10, pp. 895-898, (1993); 
Burchfiel, B. Clark, Tectonics of the Longmen Shan and Adjacent Regions, Central China, International Geology Review, 37, 8, pp. 661-735, (1995); 
Burchfiel, B. Clark, New technology; New geological challenges, GSA Today, 14, 2, pp. 4-10, (2004); 
Burchfiel, B. Clark, A geological and geophysical context for the Wenchuan earthquake of 12 May 2008, Sichuan, People's Republic of China, GSA Today, 18, 7, pp. 4-11, (2008); 
Carena, Sara, Active detachment of Taiwan illuminated by small earthquakes and its control of first-order topography, Geology, 30, 10, pp. 935-938, (2002); 
She Fa Chen, Active faulting and block movement associated with large earthquakes in the Min Shan and Longmen Mountains, northeastern Tibetan Plateau, Journal of Geophysical Research, 99, B12, pp. 24-38, (1994); 
Chen, Shefa, Emplacement of the Longmen Shan Thrust-Nappe Belt along the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, Journal of Structural Geology, 18, 4, pp. 413-430, (1996); 
Chen, Zhiliang, Global Positioning System measurements from eastern Tibet and their implications for India/Eurasia intercontinental deformation, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 105, B7, pp. 16215-16227, (2000)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Liu, N.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Liu, Ning (59438138600)
59438138600
Practice and cognition for emergency disposal of landslide lake
(2010) Shuikexue Jinzhan/Advances in Water Science, 21 (4), pp. 541 - 549, Cited 4 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77957559415&partnerID=40&md5=68a6c3128893e518c60e41cc9420a804

AFFILIATIONS: Ministry of Water Resources, P.R. China, Beijing, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: A landslide lake is formed by watercourse blocking. It is a lake without any specialized designs as well as specific flood discharge facilities. If the dam was to burst, massive hazards would be posed. The experiences and cognition for emergency disposal of landslide lake are summarized. The formation cause, burst mechanism and landslide lake risk evaluation are analyzed. The disposal principle, concept, stage and approaches to addressing the issues are then brought forward. Taking the emergency disposal of landslide lakes due to the Wenchuan earthquake as an example, the disposal practice for the Tangjiashan landslide lake is introduced, including the dam burst mode, dam outburst flood, overall program for emergency risk mitigation, diversion channel scheme and risk elimination. Finally, other practices for emergency disposal of landslide lake are briefly introduced, which could give references on the subject. Copyright.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Emergency disposal; Formation cause; Landslide lake; Mechanism
INDEX KEYWORDS: Burst mode; Emergency disposal; Emergency risk; Flood discharge; Formation cause; Risk evaluation; Tangjiashan landslides; Wenchuan Earthquake; Dams; Landslides; Risks; Lakes
REFERENCES: China Water Resources, (2008); 
J China Water Resour, (2008); 
Engineering Science, (2009); 
Liu, Ning, Draining Tangjiashan barrier kake after Wenchuan Earthquake and the flood propagation after the dam break, Science in China, Series E: Technological Sciences, 52, 4, pp. 801-809, (2009); 
Engineering Science, (2008)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wang, Z., Cui, P., Liu, H.-X.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wang, Zhaoyin (35486457100); Cui, Peng (56706923500); Liu, Huaixiang (23501928600)
35486457100; 56706923500; 23501928600
Management of quake lakes and triggered mass movements in Wenchuan earthquake
(2010) Shuili Xuebao/Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 41 (7), pp. 757 - 763, Cited 11 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77955627185&partnerID=40&md5=72c26cb7204cfe54e03b42c67dd6befc

AFFILIATIONS: Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: The Wenchuan earthquake triggered numerous avalanches and landslides and created many quake lakes. The stability of mass movement deposits and quake lakes and its relationship with riverbed incision are studied by field investigations together with satellite images and data analysis. The mass movements released different degrees of potential energy. The landslides have released the most of its energy and have high stability. The avalanche deposits have lower stability and are dangerous. From the viewpoint of river training, some landslides might be prevented if the riverbed incision were controlled. Two strategies are applied to manage the quake lakes: to remove the high risk lakes and to preserve the low risk lakes. Most rivers in the earthquake-hit area are in unstable geomorphology stage. Lakes preservation may change the rivers into equilibrium, thus, reduce the mass movements in a future earthquake event.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Avalanches and landslides; Management strategies; Quake lake; River-bed incision; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Avalanches and landslides; Data analysis; Earthquake events; Field investigation; High stability; Management strategies; Mass movement; Quake lake; River training; Satellite images; Wenchuan Earthquake; Data reduction; Deposits; Lakes; Landslides; Rivers; Earthquakes
REFERENCES: 2008 Sichuan Earthquake, (2008); 
Geophysical Research Abstracts, (2005); 
Malamud, Bruce D., Landslides, earthquakes, and erosion, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 229, 1-2, pp. 45-59, (2004); 
IV International Symposium on Landslides Toronto Proceedings, (1984); 
Symposium on Earthquake Induced Mountainous Hazards and Disaster Reduction, (2008); 
Symposium on Earthquake Induced Mountainous Hazards and Disaster Reduction, (2008); 
Wang, Zhaoyin, Development of step-pool sequence and its effects in resistance and stream bed stability, International Journal of Sediment Research, 19, 3, (2004); 
Becker, Julia S., Response to landslide dam failure emergencies: Issues resulting from the October 1999 Mount Adams landslide and dam-break flood in the Poerua River, Westland, New Zealand, Natural Hazards Review, 8, 2, pp. 35-42, (2007); 
Korup, Oliver, Geomorphometric characteristics of New Zealand landslide dams, Engineering Geology, 73, 1-2, pp. 13-35, (2004); 
Costa, John E., FORMATION AND FAILURE OF NATURAL DAMS., Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 100, 7, pp. 1054-1068, (1988)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Satofuka, Y., Mori, T., Mizuyama, T., Ogawa, K., Yoshino, K.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Satofuka, Yoshifumi (18635068900); Mori, Toshio (58711923000); Mizuyama, Takahisa (7004005606); Ogawa, Kiichiro (36170059600); Yoshino, Kousuke (55928513400)
18635068900; 58711923000; 7004005606; 36170059600; 55928513400
Prediction of Floods Caused by Landslide Dam Collapse
(2010) Journal of Disaster Research, 5 (3), pp. 288 - 295, Cited 23 times.
DOI: 10.20965/jdr.2010.p0288
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79960577938&doi=10.20965%2Fjdr.2010.p0288&partnerID=40&md5=00867a78eed7892604dc450d3fc31b98

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Civil Engineering, Ritsumeikan University Biwako-Kusatsu Campus, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan; Sabo Frontier Foundation, Tokyo, Japan; Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan; Asia Air Survey Co., Ltd, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
ABSTRACT: Landslide dam formation and deformation strongly affect water and sediment runoff. When a large-scale landslide dam collapses due to overflow erosion, peak flood discharge may exceed inflow discharge by sev-eral times. Such an abrupt flow discharge increase by a dam burst may cause serious damage downstream. We propose a one-dimensional model for river-bed variation and flood runoff consisting of a two-layer model for immature debris flow and a bank erosion model. We applied this model to the Nonoo landslide dam in Japan’s Miyazaki Prefecture, formed by typhoon Nabi in September 2005, and China’s Tangji-ashan landslide dam formed in the Wenchuan earthquake in May 2008. The model reproduces the ob-served flood runoff processes in the two areas. Calcu-lated results suggest that peak flood discharge dimin-ishes when water accumulating behind the landslide dam is small, and excavating the landslide dam crown effectively reduces flood discharge. © Fuji Technology Press Ltd.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: flood discharge prediction; landslide dam; outburst; river bed variation; two-layer model
INDEX KEYWORDS: Dams; Earthquakes; Erosion; Floods; Landslides; Dam collapse; Discharge predictions; Flood discharge; Flood discharge prediction; Landslide dam; Outburst; Peak flood discharges; River bed; River bed variation; Two layer model; Runoff
REFERENCES: Journal of Hydroscience and Hydraulic Engineering, (1994); 
Takahama, Junichiro, Application of two layer simulation model for unifying debris flow and sediment sheet flow and its improvement, International Conference on Debris-Flow Hazards Mitigation: Mechanics, Prediction, and Assessment, Proceedings, 1, pp. 515-526, (2003); 
Journal of Japan Society of Erosion Control Engineering Jsece, (2007); 
Journal of the Japan Society of Erosion Control Engineering, (2007); 
Study on Erosion and Sediment Runoff by Hyper Con Centrated Flow, (2006); 
Egashira, Shinji, Experimental study on the entrainment of bed material into debris flow, Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Part C: Solar, Terrestrial and Planetary Science, 26, 9, pp. 645-650, (2001); 
Egashira, Shinji, Constitutive equations of debris flow and their applicability, International Conference on Debris-Flow Hazards Mitigation: Mechanics, Prediction, and Assessment, Proceedings, pp. 340-349, (1997); 
Annual J of Hydraulic Engineering Jsce, (2007); 
Proceedings of the Interpraevent International Symposium in Pacific Rim Taipei Taiwan, (2010)
PUBLISHER: Fuji Technology Press
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Chen, P.-C., Li, J., Liu, J.-P., Jin, S.-J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Chen, Pengchao (58611542400); Li, Jun (57201409832); Liu, Jianping (59875300900); Jin, Shijiu (7401822907)
58611542400; 57201409832; 59875300900; 7401822907
Monitoring technology of pipelines using fiber Bragg grating and its application in landslide areas
(2010) Yantu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 32 (6), pp. 897 - 902, Cited 18 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77954490339&partnerID=40&md5=35fc28b2669034f386f932cce02d5293

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China; PetroChina Pipeline R and D Center, Langfang, Hebei, China
ABSTRACT: The safety of long-distance oil and gas pipelines is seriously threatened by landslides. The traditional methods of monitoring are not convenient to establish sensing network and realize automatic data acquisition. The fiber sensing technology has been widely applied in landslide deformation monitoring. However, the fiber brag grating (FBG) sensors haven't been used in landslide monitoring. Based on the FBG sensors, a remote monitoring and early-warming system for landslides and associated pipelines is put forward. It can monitor pipeline strain, soil-pipeline contact pressure, landslide surface deformation and landslide inner deformation simultaneously. A monitoring station using this system is established to monitor a huge slowly moving landslide and the pipelines affected by it in Sichuan Province. The station collected the deformation data during Wenchuan earthquake successfully. The analysis of monitoring results indicates that because of many advantages such as high flexibility to develop sensing network, low cost, high precision and long-term stability underground, the FBG system is suitable to monitor landslides and associated pipelines.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Fiber bragg grating; Landslide; Monitoring; Oil and gas pipeline
INDEX KEYWORDS: Automatic data acquisition; Contact pressures; FBG sensor; Fiber sensing; High flexibility; High precision; Landslide deformation; Landslide monitoring; Long term stability; Long-distance oil and gas pipeline; Low costs; Monitoring stations; Monitoring technologies; Oil-and-Gas pipelines; Remote monitoring; Sensing networks; Sichuan province; Surface deformation; Wenchuan Earthquake; Deformation; Fiber Bragg gratings; Fiber optic components; Fiber optic sensors; Fibers; Gas pipelines; Landslides; Leakage (fluid); Martian surface analysis; Natural gas pipelines; Natural gas transportation; Pipelines; Sensors; Monitoring
REFERENCES: Braun, Jill, Geologic hazards evaluation boosts risk-management program for Western U.S. pipeline, Oil and Gas Journal, 96, 45, pp. 73-79, (1998); 
Sorensen, Michelle L., Pipeline maintenance in geotechnically unstable areas: A case study, 1, pp. 335-351, (2000); 
Preventing Pipeline Failures in Areas of Soil Movement Part 1 State of the Art A Report of 1985 Activities, (1986); 
Hill, Kenneth O., Photosensitivity in optical fiber waveguides: Application to reflection filter fabrication, Applied Physics Letters, 32, 10, pp. 647-649, (1978); 
Kersey, Alan D., Multiplexed fiber optic sensors, Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, 1797, pp. 161-185, (1993); 
Morey, William W., Recent advances in fiber-grating sensors for utility industry applications, Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, 2594, pp. 90-98, (1996); 
Optical Fiber Gratings and Sensing Technology, (2007); 
Hu, Zhixin, A new type of fiber grating pressure sensing system with high accuracy, Guangzi Xuebao/Acta Photonica Sinica, 35, 5, pp. 709-711, (2006); 
Principles Application of Nonlinear Fiber Optics, (2005); 
Anderson, D. Z., Production of in-fibre gratings using a diffractive optical element, Electronics Letters, 29, 6, pp. 566-568, (1993)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wang, X., Nie, G., Wang, D.-W.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wang, Xiuying (55736957400); Nie, Gaozhong (8728895400); Wang, Dengwei (55846913400)
55736957400; 8728895400; 55846913400
Relationships between ground motion parameters and landslides induced by Wenchuan earthquake
(2010) Earthquake Science, 23 (3), pp. 233 - 242, Cited 27 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11589-010-0719-5
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77954098280&doi=10.1007%2Fs11589-010-0719-5&partnerID=40&md5=37111b829f6c841029b15bd6d19f5081

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Crustal Dynamics, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing, China; Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China; Xichang Seismic Station, Earthquake Administration of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: The M<inf>S</inf>8.0 Wenchuan earthquake induced severe landslide hazards. For the first time in China, large numbers of strong motion records were obtained during the Wenchuan earthquake, providing the opportunity to study the relationships between ground-motion parameters and the earthquake-induced landslides. Nearly 40 groups of records from the main shock distributed along the Longmenshan fault lines were used to carry out this study. The results appropriate to the Longmenshan area are as follows: 1 The threshold of the peak ground acceleration (PGA) is about 0.7 m/s2. When the PGA reaches 2 m/s2, the landslide hazards are very serious; 2 The threshold of the peak ground velocity (PGV) is about 0.5 m/s. When the PGV reaches 1.5 m/s, severe landslide hazards will be induced; 3 The threshold for the Arias intensity (I<inf>a</inf>) is about 0.2 m/s. When the Ia in one horizontal direction reaches 2 m/s, landslide hazards will be very serious; 4 As for the relevance order of the parameters to earthquake-induced landslides, I <inf>a</inf> is the leading parameter, followed by PGV, and finally PGA. The results presented in this paper are consistent with the results from other studies, indicating that the threshold of the ground motion parameters for strong earthquakes is of the same order of magnitude as that of moderate earthquakes. Landslide density of local sites fluctuated with the increase of ground motion intensity if the thresholds were reached. When the upper limits are exceeded, the landslide density remains at a certain level with relatively little variation.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Arias intensity; Earthquake-induced landslide; Peak ground acceleration; Peak ground velocity; Wenchuan earthquake
REFERENCES: Arias A, MEASURE OF EARTHQUAKE INTENSITY, pp. 438-483, (1969); 
Boatwright, John J., Correlation of ground motion and intensity for the 17 January 1994 Northridge, California, earthquake, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 91, 4, pp. 739-752, (2001); 
Harp, Edwin L., Shaking intensity thresholds for rock falls and slides: evidence from 1987 Whittier Narrows and Superstition Hills earthquake strong- motion records, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 85, 6, pp. 1739-1757, (1995); 
Earthquake Engineering, (2006); 
Huang, Runqiu, Research on development and distribution rules of geohazards induced by Wenchuan earthquake on 12th May, 2008, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 27, 12, pp. 2585-2592, (2008); 
Jibson, Randall W., A method for producing digital probabilistic seismic landslide hazard maps, Engineering Geology, 58, 3-4, pp. 271-289, (2000); 
Keefer, David K., Investigating landslides caused by earthquakes - A historical review, Surveys in Geophysics, 23, 6, pp. 473-510, (2002); 
Khazai, Bijan, Evaluation of factors controlling earthquake-induced landslides caused by Chi-Chi earthquake and comparison with the Northridge and Loma Prieta events, Engineering Geology, 71, 1-2, pp. 79-95, (2004); 
Li, Xiaojun, Strong motion observations and recordings from the great Wenchuan Earthquake, Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, 7, 3, pp. 235-246, (2008); 
Taipei, (2000)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; BRONZE OPEN ACCESS

Gong, J., Wang, D., Li, Y., Zhang, L., Yue, Y., Zhou, J., Song, Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Gong, Jianhuaa Hua (59157665500); Wang, Dongchuan (34873779300); Li, Yi (55983807900); Zhang, Lihui (55709295900); Yue, Yujuan (36135093400); Zhou, Jieping (14324017900); Song, Yiquan (55428354300)
59157665500; 34873779300; 55983807900; 55709295900; 36135093400; 14324017900; 55428354300
Earthquake-induced geological hazards detection under hierarchical stripping classification framework in the Beichuan area
(2010) Landslides, 7 (2), pp. 181 - 189, Cited 31 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s10346-010-0201-4
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77953025668&doi=10.1007%2Fs10346-010-0201-4&partnerID=40&md5=baa228fedf9f92d47ce3b93a57e80088

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Remote Sensing Application Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; Tianjin Institute of Urban Construction, Tianjin, Tianjin, China
ABSTRACT: The Wenchuan earthquake-induced geological hazards, such as rock falls, landslides, and debris flows, caused as much damage as the earthquake itself. In the complicated environment of the disaster area, seldom can a single remotely sensed imagery and a single classification method meet the needs of the interpretation task. In this paper, taking the Beichuan area as an example, the hierarchical stripping classification (HSC) framework, supported by human-computer interactive interpretation, was applied to tackle the problems caused by the earthquake, as well as the local complicated landform and weather environments. Different classification tools were used to detect specific objects under the HSC framework. Multi-source and multi-temporal data from satellite remote sensors (mainly CBERS-02B charge-coupled device and HR images), unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), digital elevation model, and other auxiliary sources were utilized to detect the distribution of geological hazards. The classification results were compared with that of an overall supervised classification. The results show that the HSC framework and the related methods are effective and work well in the study area. © Springer-Verlag 2010.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: CBERS-02B; Geological hazards; HSC framework; Image fusion; UAV; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Auxiliary source; CBERS-02; Classification framework; Classification methods; Classification results; Classification tool; Debris flows; Digital elevation model; Disaster areas; Geological hazards; Human-computer; Multi-temporal data; Multisources; Remote sensors; Remotely sensed imagery; Rockfalls; Study areas; Supervised classification; Wenchuan Earthquake; Debris; Image fusion; Remote sensing; Remotely operated vehicles; Rock bursts; Stripping (dyes); Earthquakes; debris flow; digital elevation model; geological hazard; remote sensing; rockfall; satellite imagery; Sichuan earthquake 2008; Beichuan; China; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Accuracy Assessment of Remote Sensing Derived Change Detection, (1999); 
Cheng, Ke Sheng, Locating landslides using multi-temporal satellite images, Advances in Space Research, 33, 3, pp. 296-301, (2004); 
Assessing the Accuracy of Remotely Sensed Data Principles and Practices, (1999); 
Foody, Giles M., A relative evaluation of multiclass image classification by support vector machines, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 42, 6, pp. 1335-1343, (2004); 
Gong, Jianya, Object-level change detection based on full-scale image segmentation and its application to Wenchuan Earthquake, Science in China, Series E: Technological Sciences, 51, SUPPL. 2, pp. 110-122, (2008); 
Atlas of Remote Sensing for Wenchuan Earthquake Disaster, (2008); 
Hervás, Javier, Monitoring landslides from optical remotely sensed imagery: The case history of Tessina landslide, Italy, Geomorphology, 54, 1-2, pp. 63-75, (2003); 
Huang, Runqiu, Analysis of the geo-hazards triggered by the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake, China, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 68, 3, pp. 363-371, (2009); 
Kerr, Jeremy Thomas, From space to species: Ecological applications for remote sensing, Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 18, 6, pp. 299-305, (2003); 
Lin, Pingsien, Assessing debris-flow hazard in a watershed in Taiwan, Engineering Geology, 66, 3-4, pp. 295-313, (2002)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Chigira, M., Wu, X., Inokuchi, T., Wang, G.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Chigira, Masahiro (7006348860); Wu, Xiyong (39162125500); Inokuchi, Takashi (36128529800); Wang, Gonghui (8532560900)
7006348860; 39162125500; 36128529800; 8532560900
Landslides induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China
(2010) Geomorphology, 118 (3-4), pp. 225 - 238, Cited 337 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2010.01.003
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77952887462&doi=10.1016%2Fj.geomorph.2010.01.003&partnerID=40&md5=e00149549257abb478275ffd92e2329e

AFFILIATIONS: Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan; Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
ABSTRACT: The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake with a magnitude of Mw 7.9 induced numerous slope movements on the hanging walls of fault surface ruptures and on steep inner valleys along the Minjiang River. Landslide moving directions showed preferred orientations normal to the fault ruptures, indicating the effect of the directivity of the seismic wave. The most common landslides were of carbonate rocks, which are easily dissolved and decrease the contact surfaces. The largest non-volcanic landslide in history was induced in bedded dolomite by the earthquake, and was preceded by gravitational deformation with ridge-top depressions. Valley-fill materials were mobilized at 36 locations, probably by pore water pressure build up. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Fault surface rupture; Inner valley; Landslides; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: carbonate rock; deformation mechanism; dolomite; earthquake damage; earthquake magnitude; earthquake mechanism; earthquake rupture; hanging wall; landslide; porewater; seismic wave; Sichuan earthquake 2008; valley fill; China; Min River [Sichuan]; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Bolt, Bruce A., 59 Estimation of strong seismic ground motions, International Geophysics, 81, PART B, pp. 983-1001, (2003); 
Burchfiel, B. Clark, A geological and geophysical context for the Wenchuan earthquake of 12 May 2008, Sichuan, People's Republic of China, GSA Today, 18, 7, pp. 4-11, (2008); 
Chigira, Masahiro, Long-term gravitational deformation of rocks by mass rock creep, Engineering Geology, 32, 3, pp. 157-184, (1992); 
Chigira, Masahiro, September 2005 rain-induced catastrophic rockslides on slopes affected by deep-seated gravitational deformations, Kyushu, southern Japan, Engineering Geology, 108, 1-2, pp. 1-15, (2009); 
Chigira, Masahiro, Geological and geomorphological characteristics of landslides triggered by the 2004 Mid Niigta prefecture earthquake in Japan, Engineering Geology, 82, 4, pp. 202-221, (2006); 
Chigira, Masahiro, Geological causes and geomorphological precursors of the Tsaoling landslide triggered by the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake, Taiwan, Engineering Geology, 68, 3-4, pp. 259-273, (2003); 
Cruden, David M., Limits to common toppling, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 26, 4, pp. 737-742, (1989); 
Proceedings of the 5th Symposium on Natural Disaster Tokyo, (1968); 
Journal of Geography, (2003); 
Hirano, Masashige, Magnitude-frequency distribution for rapid mass movements and its geomorphological implication, Chikei, 10, 2, pp. 95-111, (1989)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Li, S., Li, X., Zhang, J., He, J., Li, S., Wang, Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Li, Shouding (23393158000); Li, Xiao (36012271600); Zhang, Jun (57219348372); He, Jianming (55635239900); Li, Shihai (8914692400); Wang, Yangchun (59654002500)
23393158000; 36012271600; 57219348372; 55635239900; 8914692400; 59654002500
Study of geological origin mechanism of Tangjiashan landslide and entire stability of landslide dam
(2010) Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 29 (SUPPL. 1), pp. 2908 - 2915, Cited 18 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77955033740&partnerID=40&md5=f639fe76f4c9957d178023598c3e6db5

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Engineering Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; Chongqing Geo-Environment Monitoring Station, Chongqing, China; Institute of Mechanics, Institute of Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: By geological survey and engineering geological characters analysis of Tangjiashan landslide, the landslide types and geological origin mechanism are studied. On the base of the rock mass structure analysis and surface displacement monitoring, the entire stability of landslide dam is studied. The conclusions are achieved: (1) Tangjiashan landslide is of high speed rock slide triggered by earthquake, and is located in a consequent slope of complex overturned fold. Landslide sliding zone is possibly situated in interbedded shear zone. (2) Landslide dam material is mainly block rock mass overlying with weathered incompact accumulation, and entire stability is good. Flood affected the surface displacement of landslide dam with the maximum displacement of 140mm. Increment of surface displacement is down after flood, and landslide dam is stable now. (3) The chained hazard study of earthquake landslide→dammed lake→breach→flood with domino effect should be emphasized. Engineering geological survey and seismic risk study of slope are included interbedded shear zone.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Geological origin mechanism; Landslide dam; Slope engineering; Stability; Tangjiashan landslide; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Block rock; Domino effects; Geological character; Landslide dam; Maximum displacement; Origin mechanism; Rock mass structure; Rock slides; Seismic risk; Shear zone; Sliding zone; Slope engineering; Surface displacement; Surface displacement monitoring; Wenchuan Earthquake; Dams; Earthquakes; Engineering geology; Floods; Geological surveys; Landslides; Rock mechanics; Rocks; Stability; Surface measurement; Surface structure; Slope protection
REFERENCES: Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, (2007); 
Earthquake Research in Sichuan, (2000); 
Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology, (2006); 
Journal of Sichuan Institute of Building Material, (1993); 
Sichuan Water Conservancy, (1993); 
Journal of Southwest Institute of Technology, (1998); 
Shanxi Architecture, (2007); 
Journal of Southwest Institute of Technology, (1998); 
Jin, Wenzheng, Deformation and zonation of the Longmenshan fold and thrust zone in the western Sichuan basin, Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition), 81, 8, pp. 1072-1080, (2007); 
Geological Review, (2008)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zhu, Y., Wei, Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhu, Ying (57209917431); Wei, Yongxing (15833425800)
57209917431; 15833425800
Characteristics of railway damage due to Wenchuan Earthquake and countermeasure considerations of engineering seismic design
(2010) Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 29 (SUPPL. 1), pp. 3378 - 3386, Cited 28 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77955030202&partnerID=40&md5=ab70d1a960e94ac0861b3748bf16ae68

AFFILIATIONS: China Railway Eryuan Engineering Group Co. Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Wenchuan Earthquake and its characteristics as well as main types and features of railway engineering damage are described in brief. Such issues as lifeline project, secondary geological hazards induced by earthquake, near-field effects of earthquake and engineering design in near-field region, revision of seismic design standards for railway engineering and research on key technology for seismic design of railway engineering are discussed. The following suggestions for further research work on railway engineering seismic design are put forward. Enough attention to lifeline project should be paid in railway network planning and engineering construction. For the railway engineering in high seismic intensity mountain area, significant attention must be devoted to integrated location of railway and overall design based on prevention and mitigation of collapse and landslide induced by earthquake, and the sections where large-scale collapse and landslide incurred by potential earthquake shall be evaded, meanwhile, the high slope cutting of subgrade shall be avoided instead of selection of engineering form in favor of earthquake disaster prevention and reduction. For the engineering located in high seismic intensity region or on seismic fault zone, the relevant engineering technical standards on how to reduce earthquake hazard and repair earthquake damage rapidly shall be studied. Revision of code for seismic design of railway engineering shall be started as soon as possible, in which the requirements of design standard and method for engineering in earthquake near-field, especially earthquake fault zone, as well as the principles of integrated location of railway and overall design based on precaution and reduction of secondary seismic geologic hazard shall be added. The research on key technology for railway engineering seismic design in high seismic intensity mountain area, such as the integrated location of railway in high seismic intensity mountain area based on prevention and reduction of secondary geologic hazard and train operation control based on pre-earthquake forecast, etc., is also recommended.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Characteristics of seismic damage; Countermeasures of design; Engineering geology; Railway engineering; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Area-based; Design Engineering; Design standard; Earthquake damages; Earthquake disaster; Earthquake fault; Earthquake forecast; Earthquake hazard; Engineering design; Geologic hazards; Geological hazards; High slopes; Key technologies; Near field effect; Near field region; Near-field; Overall design; Railway engineering; Railway network; Seismic damage; Seismic faults; Seismic intensity; Technical standards; Train operation control; Wenchuan Earthquake; Design; Disaster prevention; Earthquakes; Engineering geology; Hazards; Landforms; Landslides; Railroad transportation; Railroads; Research; Standards; Seismic design
REFERENCES: Engineering Damage Investigation of Wenchuan Earthquake and Research on Seismic Design Criteria for Railway Engineering, (2008); 
Characteristics of Seismic Damage Due to Wenchuan Earthquake and Its Effect on Railway Traffic, (2008); 
Journal of Railway Engineering Society, (2008); 
undefined, (2008); 
Journal of Railway Engineering Society, (2008); 
Journal of Railway Engineering Society, (2008); 
Journal of Railway Engineering Society, (2008); 
Journal of Railway Engineering Society, (2008); 
Journal of Railway Engineering Society, (2008); 
Journal of Railway Engineering Society, (2008)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Xu, C., Dai, F., Yao, X., Chen, J., Tu, X., Cao, Y., Xiao, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Xu, Chong (35184309900); Dai, Fuchu (7102055666); Yao, Xin (55723721600); Chen, Jian (55717623400); Tu, Xinbin (7102136710); Cao, Yanbo (59863977700); Xiao, Jianzhang (7402564381)
35184309900; 7102055666; 55723721600; 55717623400; 7102136710; 59863977700; 7402564381
GIS based certainty factor analysis of landslide triggering factors in Wenchuan earthquake
(2010) Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 29 (SUPPL. 1), pp. 2972 - 2981, Cited 53 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77955021071&partnerID=40&md5=05994d003eb2fd2c88facd719cd17847

AFFILIATIONS: Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China; Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China; China University of Geosciences, Beijing, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: On May 12, 2008 at 14:28(local time), a catastrophic earthquake with surface wave magnitude of 8.0 struck the Sichuan Province of China. Tens of thousands of landslides were triggered by this earthquake over a broad area. 48007 landslides were interpreted from aerial photographs and multi-source remote sensing imageries, and they are verified by field investigation. Based on the interpretation results, landslide triggering factors with certainty analysis is carried out by means of GIS spatial analysis. The 12 impact factors contributing to the Wenchuan earthquake-induced landslide occurrences include stratigraphic, lithology, main faults, seismic intensity, macroscopic epicenter, surface rupture points, slope gradient, aspect, profile curvature, elevation, drainages, and roads. The certainty factor analysis result shows that five categories of high landslide susceptibility value are as follows: (1) stratigraphic of Cambrian, Ordovician, Permian and Carboniferous, lithology of intrusive rock group and limestone rock group; (2) Wenchuan earthquake-induced landslides are most affected by the main central fault, and also controlled by the Qianshan fault, the little impact for Houshan fault; (3) there are correlations between landslide susceptibility and seismic intensity, distance from the epicenter and surface rupture zone; (4) slope gradient of more than 40°, aspects of east and southeast directions, elevations between 1000m and 2000m, especial between 1000m and 1500m were susceptible for landslide occurrence; and (5) distance to drainages is less than 400m and less than 2000m away from roads. The results show that the numerical intervals of each factor are inclined to landslides. This work is the basement for further study of earthquake- induced landslides hazard evaluation and prediction.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Certainty factor; Earthquake-induced landslide; Slope engineering; Spatial analysis; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Certainty factor; Certainty factors; Slope engineering; Spatial analysis; Wenchuan Earthquake; Drainage; Earthquakes; Geographic information systems; Landslides; Lithology; Photography; Remote sensing; Roads and streets; Stratigraphy; Surface waves; Slope protection
REFERENCES: Parise, Mario, A seismic landslide susceptibility rating of geologic units based on analysis of characterstics of landslides triggered by the 17 January, 1994 Northridge, California earthquake, Engineering Geology, 58, 3-4, pp. 251-270, (2000); 
Keefer, David K., LANDSLIDES CAUSED BY EARTHQUAKES., Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 95, 4, pp. 406-421, (1984); 
Xia, Yuanyou, Sensibility analysis of slope stability based on artificial neural network, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 23, 16, pp. 2703-2707, (2004); 
Wang, Yang, Grey correlation analysis of sensitive factors of landslide, Yantu Lixue/Rock and Soil Mechanics, 25, 1, pp. 91-93, (2004); 
Chai, Bo, Sensitivity analysis of landslide stability based on distribution models of influencing factors, Yantu Lixue/Rock and Soil Mechanics, 28, 12, pp. 2624-2628, (2007); 
Rock and Soil Mechanics, (2004); 
Ni, Heng, Applications of orthogonal design to sensitivity analysis of landslide, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 21, 7, pp. 989-992, (2002); 
Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, (2002); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2002); 
Chen, Xiaoli, Triggering factors susceptibility of earthquake-induced landslides in 1976 Longling Earthquake, Beijing Daxue Xuebao (Ziran Kexue Ban)/Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis, 45, 1, pp. 104-109, (2009)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Xu, W., Chen, Z., He, B., Sun, T.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Xu, Wenjie (55496385700); Chen, Zuyu (7409488632); He, Bingshun (35193804900); Sun, Tao (51562869500)
55496385700; 7409488632; 35193804900; 51562869500
Research on river-blocking mechanism of Xiaojiaqiao landslide and disasters of chain effects
(2010) Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 29 (5), pp. 933 - 942, Cited 20 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77953800027&partnerID=40&md5=1c30c1af2b7634481e0997b27dec4360

AFFILIATIONS: Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Institute of Geotechnical Engineering, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, China; Chengdu Aircraft Design and Research Institute, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Earthquake is considered to be one of the main factors of the generation of a landslide. Especially in high mountain gorge areas, the huge landslide body inrushes into the river and barriers the river, which may further expand the disaster areas and form a disaster chain. Taking Xiaojiaoqiao landslide for example, the three-dimensional(3D) instability process of the landslide is reconstructed by using dynamic finite element method based on detailed geologic investigation results of the landslide area. With the analytical results, the forming process and river-blocking mechanism of Xiaojiaqiao landslide can be divided into four phases: (1) earthquake triggering and progressive failure of the rock mass; (2) landslide body failure and sliding with high speed; (3) impacting the opposite slope, being disintegrated, and blocking the river and forming the landslide dam; and (4) density under the impacting. Based on the geological structure characteristics of the landslide dam and the stability analytical results under different cases, the stability of the slope of landslide dam is good under natural state, but there may induce local collapses with strong earthquake; and the most possible failure model may be the gradual erosion damage of topping. As for the internal rock structure with general stability, there is little possibility for piping failure and dam-breaking as a whole.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Disaster chain; Instability model; Landslide; Landslide dam; Slope engineering; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Analytical results; Blocking mechanisms; Dam-breaking; Disaster areas; Dynamic finite element method; Earthquake triggering; Erosion damage; Failure model; Forming process; Geological structures; High mountains; Instability model; Landslide dam; Progressive failure; Rock mass; Rock structures; Three-dimensional (3D); Wenchuan Earthquake; Dams; Earthquakes; Economic and social effects; Finite element method; Landslides; Rivers; Safety engineering; Stability; Three dimensional; Slope protection
REFERENCES: Keefer, David K., Statiscal analysis of an earthquake-induced landslide distribution - The 1989 Loma Prieta, California event, Engineering Geology, 58, 3-4, pp. 231-249, (2000); 
Keefer, David K., Assessing landslide hazards, Science, 316, 5828, pp. 1136-1138, (2007); 
Journal of Geological Hazards and Environment Preservation, (2000); 
undefined, (2001); 
undefined, (2008); 
Proceedings of the Symposium of the International Society of Rock Mechanics, (1971); 
Shi, Genhua, Two dimensional discontinuous deformation analysis, International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, 9, 6, pp. 541-556, (1985); 
Discontinuous Deformation Analysis of the Kinematics of Landslides, (1997); 
Pastor, Manuel, A depth-integrated, coupled SPH model for flow-like landslides and related phenomena, International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, 33, 2, pp. 143-172, (2009); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2001)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Di, B., Zeng, H., Zhang, M., Ustin, S.L., Tang, Y., Wang, Z., Chen, N.-S., Zhang, B.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Di, Baofeng (14057800700); Zeng, Hongjuan (55433864100); Zhang, Minghua (56004320000); Ustin, Susan L. (35570142700); Tang, Ya (7404591111); Wang, Zhaoyin (35486457100); Chen, Ningsheng (8726157200); Zhang, Bin (55605769056)
14057800700; 55433864100; 56004320000; 35570142700; 7404591111; 35486457100; 8726157200; 55605769056
Quantifying the spatial distribution of soil mass wasting processes after the 2008 earthquake in Wenchuan, China. A case study of the Longmenshan area
(2010) Remote Sensing of Environment, 114 (4), pp. 761 - 771, Cited 52 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.rse.2009.11.011
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-75149139328&doi=10.1016%2Fj.rse.2009.11.011&partnerID=40&md5=8b5daa09236b667ffad49cab75ea6bdb

AFFILIATIONS: College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; School of Geography, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States; Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Land and Resources College, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: The beautiful Longmenshan area is one of the main tourist attractions in Sichuan Province, China. The epicenter of a catastrophic earthquake measured at 8.0 Ms (China Seismological Bureau), occurred within this area at Wenchuan (31°01′16″N, 103°22′01″E) at 14:28 May 12, 2008 (Beijing time). The earthquake triggered numerous types of landslide transport and hazards, including soil and debris avalanches, rockfalls, slumps, debris flows, creation of barrier lakes and slope flattenings. This paper examines the landslide hazards in the Longmenshan area caused by the earthquake using remotely sensed images, mainly Beijing-1 Microsatellite data before and after the earthquake, compared to digital elevation maps and slope gradient maps, land use and vegetation cover maps. Areas of erosion and loss of vegetation were compared from pre- and post-earthquake data, from which were calculated changes in vegetated areas, bare slopes, and mass movement during the earthquake. These events occurred over altitudes from 1000 to 4000 m and on slope angles between 25 and 55°. The results show that the total area of erosion and land movement due to the earthquake increased by 86.3 km2 (19.2% of the study area). Compared with pre-earthquake, the areas of very low intensity soil erosion and moderate intensity soil erosion were respectively reduced by 3.6 km2, 24.3 km2 and 30.9 km2. On the other hand, the areas of severe and very severe intensity soil erosion were substantially increased by 45.8 km2 and 99.2 km2. In the post-earthquake stage, the bare areas (vegetation cover < 15%) have increased by 65.8 km2. Without vegetation, the denuded earthquake damaged slopes and other high risk sites have become severe erosion problems. Thus, it is essential to continue long-term monitoring of mass wasting in the denuded areas and evaluate potential risk sites for future landslides and debris flows. We anticipate that these results will be helpful in decision making and policy planning for recovery and reconstruction in the earthquake-affected area. © 2009 Elsevier Inc.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: GIS; Landslides; Longmenshan scenic area (LMSS); Mass wasting of soil; RS; Wenchuan Earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Affected area; Before and after; Beijing-1; Catastrophic earthquake; Debris avalanches; Debris flows; Digital Elevation Map; Earthquake data; Landslide hazard; Long term monitoring; Low-intensity; Mass movement; Mass wasting; Mass wasting of soil; Microsatellite data; Policy planning; Potential risks; Remotely sensed images; Rockfalls; Severe erosion; Sichuan province; Slope angles; Slope gradients; Soil erosion; Soil mass; Spatial distribution; Study areas; Tourist attractions; Vegetation cover; Wenchuan Earthquake; Debris; Geographic information systems; Land use; Landslides; Rapid solidification; Remote sensing; Rock bursts; Size distribution; Soil mechanics; Soils; Vegetation; Earthquakes; catastrophic event; decision making; digital elevation model; earthquake damage; GIS; landslide; remote sensing; satellite data; satellite imagery; soil erosion; spatial distribution; tourist attraction; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Manyatsi, Absalom M., Mapping of soil erosion using remotely sensed data in Zombodze South, Swaziland, Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, 33, 8-13, pp. 800-806, (2008); 
Malamud, Bruce D., Landslides, earthquakes, and erosion, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 229, 1-2, pp. 45-59, (2004); 
Earth Science Frontiers, (2008); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2008); 
Chen, Zhengchao, The cross calibration of Beijing-1 microsatellite multispectral sensors, Yuhang Xuebao/Journal of Astronautics, 29, 2, pp. 637-643, (2008); 
Research of Soil and Water Conservation, (2005); 
Cui, Peng, The 12 May Wenchuan earthquake-induced landslide lakes: Distribution and preliminary risk evaluation, Landslides, 6, 3, pp. 209-223, (2009); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2008); 
Keefer, David K., The importance of earthquake-induced landslides to long-term slope erosion and slope-failure hazards in seismically active regions, Geomorphology, 10, 1-4, pp. 265-284, (1994); 
Remote Sensing Change Detection Environmental Monitoring Methods and Applications, (1998)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Liu, N., Chen, Z., Zhang, J., Lin, W., Chen, W., Xu, W.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Liu, Ning (59438138600); Chen, Zuyu (7409488632); Zhang, Jianxin (36555246500); Lin, Wei (55723146100); Chen, Wuyi (57198581918); Xu, Wenjie (55496385700)
59438138600; 7409488632; 36555246500; 55723146100; 57198581918; 55496385700
Draining the Tangjiashan barrier lake
(2010) Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 136 (11), pp. 914 - 923, Cited 115 times.
DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000241
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77957967773&doi=10.1061%2F%28ASCE%29HY.1943-7900.0000241&partnerID=40&md5=c3cc5087e741486a7ca73fdebac77a6b

AFFILIATIONS: Ministry of Water Resources, P.R. China, Beijing, Beijing, China; Department of Geotechnical Engineering, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, China; Bureau of Hydrology, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Chengdu Aircraft Design and Research Institute, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: This paper documents the emergency breaching of an approximately 110-m-high landslide dam that was created at Tangjiashan during the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake of China's Southwest Sichuan Province. As an emergency measure, a 13-m-deep channel was excavated to reduce the volume and head of the released water during the dam breaching and to create a controlled flood that was intended to prevent catastrophic consequence for 1.2 million people downstream. From detailed monitoring and survey works carried out during and after the dam break it was found that (1) the breaching initiated at a pool water level of 742.1 m with an estimated flow velocity of 2.4 m/s, and virtually terminated at a pool water level of 720.3 m with an estimated velocity of 2.5 m/s, which can be regarded as the incipient velocity that initiated erosions for the soils at this particular site; (2) a controlled flood released 167×106-m3 reservoir water with a peak flow rate of 6,500 m3/s, during which a maximum velocity of about 5.0 m/s was measured; (3) in 12 h, the channel bed was eroded 30 m down and the sidewall was enlarged 145 m wide at an elevation of 719 m, which was expanded to 200-350 m at the top of the channel due to subsequent landslips of the temporary slopes; and (4) the measured data indicated an incipient velocity that initiated soil erosions, which is found to be conceptually in general agreement with the existing approaches of this threshold value. © 2010 ASCE.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: China; Dam failures; Erosion; Lakes; Open channel flow
INDEX KEYWORDS: Catastrophic consequences; Channel bed; China; Dam breaching; Dam failures; Dam-breaks; Emergency measures; Incipient velocity; Landslide dam; Maximum velocity; Measured data; Open channels; Paper documents; Peak flows; Reservoir water; Sichuan province; Soil erosion; Survey works; Wenchuan Earthquake; Dams; Disasters; Erosion; Lakes; Reservoirs (water); Soils; Velocity; Water levels; Open channel flow; catastrophic event; dam failure; flood control; flow velocity; lake; open channel flow; peak flow; Sichuan earthquake 2008; soil erosion; water level; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Italian Journal of Engineering Geology and Environment, (2006); 
Briaud, Jean Louis, Case histories in soil and rock erosion: Woodrow wilson bridge, brazos river meander, normandy cliffs, and new orleans levees, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering - ASCE, 134, 10, pp. 1425-1447, (2008); 
Briaud, Jean Louis, Erosion function apparatus for scour rate predictions, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering - ASCE, 127, 2, pp. 105-113, (2001); 
undefined, (2008); 
undefined, (2008); 
Sedimentation Engineering Processes Measurements Modeling and Practice, (2008); 
Capitulo 8 Del Manual De Ingenieria De Rios Series Del Instituto De Ingenieria 592, (1997); 
Höeg, Kaare, Stability and breaching of embankment dams: Field tests on 6 m high dams, International Journal on Hydropower and Dams, 11, 1, pp. 88-92, (2004); 
Rockslides and Avalanches, (1978); 
Leningrad, (1959)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wang, J., Yao, L.-K., Jiang, L.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wang, Jian (57221357023); Yao, Lingkan (7201688064); Jiang, Liangwei (15754218400)
57221357023; 7201688064; 15754218400
Seismic deformation and failure modes and mechanism of soil mass
(2010) Xinan Jiaotong Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University, 45 (2), pp. 196 - 202, Cited 3 times.
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-2724.2010.02.006
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77952763262&doi=10.3969%2Fj.issn.0258-2724.2010.02.006&partnerID=40&md5=6577d40193b9e02b53adfb3fa3cbe66b

AFFILIATIONS: School of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: To study the seismic deformation effect of soil mass, a field investigation on slopes reinforced by shotcrete-bolt system and road embankments along Dujiangyan to Yingxiu highway was conducted. The investigation shows that the seismic deformation and failure modes of soil mass laterally unrestrained as slopes and road embankments are characterized by subsidences and lateral landslides, while soil mass laterally restrained by retaining wall is characterized by subsidences and concavo-convex deformation, i.e., alternative settling and bulging deformation. Seismic subsidence rate and concave-convex amplitude rise with the increase of seismic intensity and obey a normal distribution. Seismic damage level of the upper slope is affected by plane alignment of highway. The slope damage of a convex-curve section is more serious than a concave-curve section, and the damage of a linear section is most light. Shaking table tests of soil mass models laterally unrestrained or laterally bounded were conducted, and the results are consistent with the field investigation ones. The threshold of peak ground acceleration from subsidence to concave-convex deformation is approximate 0.6 times of gravity acceleration.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Deformation and failure mode; Field investigation; Shaking table model test; Subgrade engineering; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Curve section; Failure modes and mechanisms; Field investigation; Gravity acceleration; Linear sections; Peak ground acceleration; Plane alignment; Road embankments; Seismic damage; Seismic deformation; Seismic intensity; Shaking table model test; Shaking table tests; Shotcretes; Soil mass; Subgrade engineering; Wenchuan Earthquake; Alignment; Canals; Deformation; Earthquakes; Embankments; Geologic models; Hydraulic structures; Normal distribution; Reliability analysis; Roads and streets; Safety engineering; Soil structure interactions; Soils; Subsidence; Failure analysis
REFERENCES: Stewart, Jonathan P., Seismic performance of hillside fills, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering - ASCE, 127, 11, pp. 905-919, (2001); 
Soil Mech and Bituminous Mat Res Lab, (1967); 
Transp Res Rec 1343, (1992); 
Tokimatsu, Kohji, Evaluation of settlements in sands due to earthquake shaking, Journal of Geotechcnical Engineering, 113, 8, pp. 861-878, (1987); 
Seismic Compression of as Compacted Fill Soils with Variable Levels of Fines Content and Fines Plasticity, (2004); 
Engineering Geology and Seismology for Public Schools and Hospitals in California, (2005); 
Yao, Lingkan, Damage analysis of subgrade engineering in Wenchuan earthquake and recommendations for improving seismic design code, Xinan Jiaotong Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University, 44, 3, pp. 301-311, (2009); 
Lei, Jiancheng, Seismic motion attenuation relations in sichuan and adjacent areas, Acta Seismologica Sinica, 29, 5, pp. 500-511, (2007)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Qi, X., Tang, C., Tie, Y.B., Liang, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Qi, Xin (35932814100); Tang, Chuan (35932953300); Tie, Yongbo (26656325300); Liang, Jingtao (35205586800)
35932814100; 35932953300; 26656325300; 35205586800
Hazard assessment of geohazards triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake using GIS technology - Taking Beichuan County of Sichuan Province for example
(2010) Journal of Chengdu University of Technology (Science and Technology Edition), 37 (2), pp. 160 - 167, Cited 7 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77952045240&partnerID=40&md5=6fe27e52350294a3c3be5e05f7c74963

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: This paper discusses the methodology for hazard assessment of geohazards triggered by the Wenchuan Earthquake on 12 May 2008 based on an emergency survey after the shock. The Beichuan County of Sichuan Province is selected as a case study. Five assessment indicators are extracted and overlaid and analysed to assess the landslide susceptibility using GIS technology. The rainfall indicator is overlaid with the landslide susceptibility map to produce the hazard assessment map. The results show that the high-hazard area accounts for 52. 6% and the number of geohazards in the study area accounts for 95.9%, the moderate-hazard area accounts for 25.1% and the number of geohazards in this area accounts for 3.7%, the low-hazard area accounts for 22.3% and the number of geohazards in this area accounts for 0.4%.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Beichuan county; Geohazard; GIS; Hazard assessment; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: aftershock; earthquake mechanism; GIS; hazard assessment; landslide; mapping method; seismic hazard; Sichuan earthquake 2008; technology adoption; Beichuan; China; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Post Earthquake Damage Assessment Using Satellite and Aerial Video Imagery, (2004); 
Cross, Martin, Landslide susceptibility mapping using the Matrix Assessment Approach: A Derbyshire case study, Geological Society Engineering Geology Special Publication, 15, pp. 247-261, (1998); 
undefined, (2010); 
undefined, (2010); 
Conoscenti, Christian, GIS analysis to assess landslide susceptibility in a fluvial basin of NW Sicily (Italy), Geomorphology, 94, 3-4, pp. 325-339, (2008); 
undefined, (2010); 
Carrara, Alberto, GIS techniques and statistical models in evaluating landslide hazard, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 16, 5, pp. 427-445, (1991); 
undefined, (2010); 
Van Westen, Cees J., Analyzing the evolution of the Tessina landslide using aerial photographs and digital elevation models, Geomorphology, 54, 1-2, pp. 77-89, (2003); 
Landslides Evaluation and Stabilization, (2004)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Yin, J., Chen, J., Xiwei, X., Wang, X., Zheng, Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Yin, Jinhui (7401693283); Chen, Jie (55717584500); Xiwei, Xu (8246843900); Wang, Xulong (57192633421); Zheng, Yonggang (55713154900)
7401693283; 55717584500; 8246843900; 57192633421; 55713154900
The characteristics of the landslides triggered by the Wenchuan Ms 8.0 earthquake from Anxian to Beichuan
(2010) Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 37 (5-6), pp. 452 - 459, Cited 62 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2009.12.002
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-74449092604&doi=10.1016%2Fj.jseaes.2009.12.002&partnerID=40&md5=3e73ac8ec66888ff980f6c91a438a388

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China; Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China; Institute of Earth Environment, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
ABSTRACT: This paper presents a quantitative analysis of the number and area of the landslides triggered by the Wenchuan M<inf>s</inf> 8.0 earthquake from Anxian to Beichuan. In this study the controlling factors of landslides are obtained from geological maps, relief amplitude, slope, and topographic roughness calculated from DEM data in ArcGis 9.2. A total of 4134 landslides are identified from digital aero-image of 1 m resolution, covering 19.7 km2 that accounts for 6.4% of the study area. The number of landslides with areas less than 5000 m2 is up to 85.22%. The smallest landslide is 6 m2 and the largest 1515,000 m2. The number of landslides which have occurred is 1.6 times more prevalent at hanging walls as opposed to foot walls. Also the relationship between the numbers of landslides and the distances to an earthquake rupture at a hanging wall is linear but exponential at a footwall. These results prove that landslide activity is more severe at hanging walls than at foot walls. The outcrop area of geologic unit is proportional to the number of landslides except the Jurassic, Triassic and Quaternary units (R2 = 0.952) in the study area, and landslide density is 19. Meanwhile the area of a landslide is linearly proportional to outcrop area of geologic unit except Jurassic, Lower Cambrian and Quaternary unit (R2 = 0.8279) in the study area and appear to indicate that the lithology does not play an important role in landslides in the study area. Earthquake-triggered landslides tend to be concentrated in specific zones associated with the event-controlling parameters such as reliefs, slopes and topographic roughness. The landslides occurred particularly in the range of 600-1293 m relief amplitudes, and the number in this range amounts to 90% of total slides in the studied region. Moreover, landslides easily occurred in the curvature 1-15 with slope between 5° and 55°. In addition, landslides also usually occurred in the range of 1-1.5 topographic roughness. Therefore these correlations provide a way to assess regional landslide hazards and are of great significance to regional geohazard planning and prediction. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: DEM; GIS; Landslide; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: digital elevation model; digital image; earthquake magnitude; earthquake rupture; footwall; geological hazard; geological mapping; GIS; hanging wall; hazard assessment; image resolution; landslide; lithology; quantitative analysis; Sichuan earthquake 2008; topography; trigger mechanism; Beichuan; China; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Arora, Manoj Kumar, An artificial neural network approach for landslide hazard zonation in the bhagirathi (ganga) valley, himalayas, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 25, 3, pp. 559-572, (2004); 
Ayalew, Lulseged, The application of GIS-based logistic regression for landslide susceptibility mapping in the Kakuda-Yahiko Mountains, Central Japan, Geomorphology, 65, 1-2, pp. 15-31, (2005); 
Burchfiel, B. Clark, Tectonics of the Longmen Shan and Adjacent Regions, Central China, International Geology Review, 37, 8, pp. 661-735, (1995); 
Carrara, Alberto, Multivariate models for landslide hazard evaluation, Journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology, 15, 3, pp. 403-426, (1983); 
Carro, Monica, The application of predictive modeling techniques to landslides induced by earthquakes: The case study of the 26 September 1997 Umbria-Mache earthquake (Italy), Engineering Geology, 69, 1-2, pp. 139-159, (2003); 
Dai, Fuchu, The 1786 earthquake-triggered landslide dam and subsequent dam-break flood on the Dadu River, southwestern China, Geomorphology, 65, 3-4, pp. 205-221, (2005); 
Del Gaudio, Vincenzo, Time probabilistic evaluation of seismically induced landslide hazard in Irpinia (Southern Italy), Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 24, 12, pp. 915-928, (2004); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2005); 
van den Eeckhaut, Miet, Prediction of landslide susceptibility using rare events logistic regression: A case-study in the Flemish Ardennes (Belgium), Geomorphology, 76, 3-4, pp. 392-410, (2006); 
Ermini, Leonardo, Artificial Neural Networks applied to landslide susceptibility assessment, Geomorphology, 66, 1-4 SPEC. ISS., pp. 327-343, (2005)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Sun, P., Wang, F.-W., Yin, Y., Wu, S.R.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Sun, Ping (26428429500); Wang, Fawu (16305836600); Yin, Yueping (55687306100); Wu, Shuren (15744734100)
26428429500; 16305836600; 55687306100; 15744734100
An experimental study on the mechanism of rapid and long run-out landslide triggered by Wenchuan earthquake
(2010) Dizhen Dizhi, 32 (1), pp. 98 - 106, Cited 8 times.
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2010.01.010
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77953920129&doi=10.3969%2Fj.issn.0253-4967.2010.01.010&partnerID=40&md5=46ff641292b590f4816563c3268aee0b

AFFILIATIONS: Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China; Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan; China Geological Survey, Beijing, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: The 2008 great Wenchuan earthquake caused multiple rapid and long run-out landslides, which resulted in a lot of deaths and property loss. Donghekou landslide, a typical rapid and long run-out landslide triggered by Wenchuan earthquake,is located in Qingchuan county,and at present,it is concerned and discussed particularly because of its complex original mechanism. Field investigations show that the original mechanisms and dynamic features mainly include the followings, for example, the shattering collapse, the horizontal slinging, the debris flow and the vibration liquefaction, etc. In order to simulate and reconstruct the vibration liquefaction, representative soils on sliding zone of Donghekou landslide were collected for soil tests. By using the advanced DPRI ring shear apparatus, a series of ring shear tests have been carried out to study the vibration liquefaction process of Donghekou landslide under the loading of real seismic waves, and some ideal results were gotten. The test results show that when the earthquake happened, the vibration liquefaction occurring on the potential sliding surface played an important role in generating the rapid and long run-out landslide. When the soils were dry, only a small displacement ( 0. 007 m ) was generated, which couldn't form a landslide with high speed and long run-out; with the vibration liquefaction, the shear strength could be decreased and a large displacement could be generated, which supplied a necessary condition for the generation of rapid and long run-out landslide.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Rapid and long run-out landslide; Ring shear test; Shear displacement; Shear strength; Vibration liquefaction; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: collapse; debris flow; earthquake damage; experimental study; landslide; liquefaction; seismic wave; shear strength; Sichuan earthquake 2008; soil test; vibration; China; Qingchuan; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Landslide Dynamics, (1995); 
Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, (1999); 
Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, (1999); 
An Experimental Study on Grain Crushing and Excess Pore Pressure Generation During Shearing of Sandy Soils A Key Factor for Rapid Landslide Motion, (1998); 
Wang, Fawu, Geotechnical simulation test for the Nikawa landslide induced by January 17, 1995 Hyogoken-Nambu earthquake, Soils and Foundations, 40, 1, pp. 35-46, (2000); 
Keefer, David K., LANDSLIDES CAUSED BY EARTHQUAKES., Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 95, 4, pp. 406-421, (1984); 
Papadopoulos, Gerassimos A., Magnitude-distance relations for earthquake-induced landslides in Greece, Engineering Geology, 58, 3-4, pp. 377-386, (2000); 
Prestininzi, Alberto, Earthquake-induced ground failures in Italy, Engineering Geology, 58, 3-4, pp. 387-397, (2000); 
Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Landslides, (1988); 
Sassa, Kyoji, Earthquake-induced-landslides: distribution, motion and mechanisms, Soils and Foundations, Special, pp. 53-64, (1996)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

He, L., Miao, F., Tang, S.-Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: He, Lei (57199954986); Miao, Fang (35768354700); Tang, Shuya (36139786300)
57199954986; 35768354700; 36139786300
Unmanned aerial vehicle remote sensing image and three-dimensional visualization applied in wenchuan earthquake
(2010) Wutan Huatan Jisuan Jishu, 32 (2), pp. 206 - 210, Cited 3 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77952984665&partnerID=40&md5=f3acb68c6defcfaab8eb32b3dcf6fab1

AFFILIATIONS: College of Earth Sciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Institute of Relief Disaster Reduction, Earthquake Administration of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: This paper analyzes the geometric distortion principles of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) remote sensing image. After making the treatment of image stitching,geometric correction and ejaculation correction, the remote sensing data of UAV is integrated with high-precision DEM, then the three-dimensional virtual dynamic model of research landscape is built. Through analyzing three-dimensional visualization image, and combining with terrain data, it attains the high-precision, low altitude remote sensing disaster information and evaluates the disaster situation about the dammed lakes and associated hazards which caused by changes in topography such as landslides and avalanches in Cha-ping river of An county in Wen-chuan earthquake-hit area. The fact shows that in the disaster emergency and the complicated terrain situation, data collection and information extraction can depict the true environment exactly by using the technology of UAV low-altitude remote sensing and three-dimensional visualization. Then it can provide decision-makers with accurate, detailed, timely and first-hand information, and minimize the losses.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Remote sensing; Three-dimensional visualization; Unmanned aerial vehicle; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: digital elevation model; image analysis; remote sensing; Sichuan earthquake 2008; terrain; three-dimensional modeling; topography; unmanned vehicle; visualization
REFERENCES: undefined, (2010); 
undefined, (2010); 
undefined, (2010); 
undefined, (2010); 
undefined, (2010); 
undefined, (2010); 
undefined, (2010); 
undefined, (2010); 
undefined, (2010); 
undefined, (2010)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Du, J., Yang, Q.-H., Yan, J., Xue, C.-S.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Du, Jun (57198429346); Yang, Qinghua (57199915660); Yan, Jia (57199790191); Xue, Chongsheng (25631325800)
57198429346; 57199915660; 57199790191; 25631325800
Hazard evaluation of secondary geological disaster based on GIS and information value method
(2010) Diqiu Kexue - Zhongguo Dizhi Daxue Xuebao/Earth Science - Journal of China University of Geosciences, 35 (2), pp. 324 - 330, Cited 12 times.
DOI: 10.3799/dqkx.2010.034
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77951484496&doi=10.3799%2Fdqkx.2010.034&partnerID=40&md5=5b79781a1f6e82c97360f99296e772e0

AFFILIATIONS: China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Department of Resource and Environmental Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
ABSTRACT: 5·12 Wenchuan earthquake triggered a series of secondary landslides, landslides, debris flows, and other geological disasters, which posed a major threat to peoples lives and property and socio-economic development. For risk assessment of secondary geological hazards in the area, the worst-hit Wenchuan County was selected as the study area. Remote sensing and geographic information technology spatial data management and spatial data analysis platform have been applied to gain relevant information, to make a correlative analysis between secondary geological disasters in the study area and the topography, lithology, hydrology, earthquake rupture. In addition, information value method has been used to evaluate the risk of secondary geological disasters. It is found that the area of high risk, moderate risk and low risk is 1130.196 km2, 1739.584 km2, 1213.219 km2 respectively. The distribution of secondary geology disaster triggered by earthquake has the colony type distribution characteristic featured with a concentrated development of geological disasters in the fault zone and the nearby regions and a quick decay and the fragmentary distribution farther away form the fault zone areas. Analysis also shows that risk of secondary geological disaster in north and east areas of Wenchuan is heavy, while that in the west and south areas is light, which is coincident with the reality. The study further demonstrates that the geographical information system combined with information value model can quickly and effectively evaluate the spatial distribution and risk of secondary geological disasters.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Geographical information system (GIS); Hazard evaluation; Information value method; Secondary geological disaster; Wenchuan
INDEX KEYWORDS: Correlative analysis; Debris flows; Distribution characteristics; Earthquake rupture; Fault zone; Geographic information technologies; Geographical Information System; Geographical information systems; Geological disaster; Geological hazards; Geology disaster; Hazard evaluation; Information value; Socio-economic development; Spatial data analysis; Spatial data management; Spatial distribution; Study areas; Wenchuan Earthquake; Debris; Disasters; Earthquakes; Economics; Geographic information systems; Hazards; Information systems; Landslides; Lithology; Remote sensing; Risk management; Water; Risk assessment
REFERENCES: Aleotti, Pietro, Landslide hazard assessment: Summary review and new perspectives, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 58, 1, pp. 21-44, (1999); 
Carrara, Alberto, Multivariate models for landslide hazard evaluation, Journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology, 15, 3, pp. 403-426, (1983); 
Carrara, Alberto, GIS techniques and statistical models in evaluating landslide hazard, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 16, 5, pp. 427-445, (1991); 
Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis on Line First, (2008); 
Greco, Roberto, Logistic Regression analysis in the evaluation of mass movements susceptibility: The Aspromonte case study, Calabria, Italy, Engineering Geology, 89, 1-2, pp. 47-66, (2007); 
Earth Science Frontiers, (2009); 
Journal of Catastrophology, (2003); 
Lin, Meei Ling, A GIS-based potential analysis of the landslides induced by the Chi-Chi earthquake, Engineering Geology, 71, 1-2, pp. 63-77, (2004); 
Journal of Geomechanics, (2006); 
Journal of Natural Disasters, (1997)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Tang, C., Qi, X., Ding, J., Yang, T.-P., Luo, Z.-F.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Tang, Chuan (35932953300); Qi, Xin (35932814100); Ding, Jun (55463437900); Yang, Taiping (36023087500); Luo, Zhenfu (55460272200)
35932953300; 35932814100; 55463437900; 36023087500; 55460272200
Dynamic analysis on rainfall-induced landslide activity in high seismic intensity areas of the Wenchuan earthquake using remote sensing image
(2010) Diqiu Kexue - Zhongguo Dizhi Daxue Xuebao/Earth Science - Journal of China University of Geosciences, 35 (2), pp. 317 - 323, Cited 17 times.
DOI: 10.3799/dqkx.2010.033
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77951467636&doi=10.3799%2Fdqkx.2010.033&partnerID=40&md5=b902cad03a356888896a4cf9d6b7a191

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: A catastrophic earthquake always intensively disturbs ground strata and affects the slope stability for a long period of time. The Wenchuan earthquake not only triggered serious coseismic landslides, but also extensively accelerated the landslide activity during the subsequent heavy rains. Based on the interpretation of high resolution of aerial photographs, 1214 landslides are identified, most of which are shallow landslides, rock falls, and rock slides triggered in the high seismic intensity region of the Wenchuan earthquake near the Beichuan City and along the valleys of the Jianjiang River. A heavy rainfall on 24 September, 2008 triggered more landslides and debris flows in the central part of the area affected by the Wenchuan earthquake. The accumulated precipitation triggering landslides and debris flows is 272.7 mm in two days, while the rainfall amount and intensity recorded in this area have a return period of about 20 years. 878 new landslides in the study area of 340 km2 are identified by interpretation of SPOT images. To understand the impact of the Wenchuan earthquake on the landslide occurrence due to subsequent heavy rainfall, this study mainly focuses on the variations in the the density of coseismic landslides and following rainfall-induced landslides through aerial photographs and SPOT images. Comparison of aerial photographs taken on 18 May, 2008 (after the "5·12" Wenchuan earthquake) and SPOT images taken on 14 October, 2008 (after "9·24" rainstorm event) indicates that the landslide number in the study area increases by 42%, while landslide area increases by 46.6%, which shows the great impact of the heavy rainfall after the earthquake on the development and activity of landslides in the study area. The above study results also show that the Wenchuan earthquake affected area is particularly susceptible to landslides and debris flow occurrence after extreme rainfall events.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Heavy rainfall; Intepretation; Landslide activity; Remote sensing image; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Aerial Photographs; Affected area; Catastrophic earthquake; Debris flows; Extreme rainfall; Heavy rainfall; Heavy rains; High resolution; Rainfall induced landslides; Remote sensing images; Return periods; Rock slides; Rockfalls; Seismic intensity; Shallow landslide; SPOT image; Study areas; Wenchuan Earthquake; Debris; Dynamic analysis; Earthquakes; Image reconstruction; Landslides; Photographic equipment; Photography; Rain; Remote sensing; Rock bursts; Storms; Slope protection
REFERENCES: Chen, Hongey, Relationship between earthquake disturbance, tropical rainstorms and debris movement: An overview from Taiwan, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 68, 2, pp. 161-186, (2009); 
García-Rodríguez, M. J., Susceptibility assessment of earthquake-triggered landslides in El Salvador using logistic regression, Geomorphology, 95, 3-4, pp. 172-191, (2008); 
Huang, Runqiu, Development and distribution of geohazards triggered by the 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake in China, Science in China, Series E: Technological Sciences, 52, 4, pp. 810-819, (2009); 
Kamp, Ulrich, GIS-based landslide susceptibility mapping for the 2005 Kashmir earthquake region, Geomorphology, 101, 4, pp. 631-642, (2008); 
Lin, Ching-Wee Weei, Impacts of the Chi-Chi earthquake on subsequent rainfall-induced landslides in central Taiwan, Engineering Geology, 86, 2-3, pp. 87-101, (2006); 
Lin, Ching-Wee Weei, Impact of Chi-Chi earthquake on the occurrence of landslides and debris flows: Example from the Chenyulan River watershed, Nantou, Taiwan, Engineering Geology, 71, 1-2, pp. 49-61, (2004); 
Mahdavifar, Mohammad Reza, Landslides triggered by the Avaj, Iran earthquake of June 22, 2002, Engineering Geology, 86, 2-3, pp. 166-182, (2006); 
Tang, Chuan, Rainfall-triggered debris flows following the Wenchuan earthquake, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 68, 2, pp. 187-194, (2009); 
Yin, Yueping, Landslide hazards triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China, Landslides, 6, 2, pp. 139-152, (2009)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Du, J., Feng, W.-K., Shi, Y.-C., Chen, Q., Wei, C.-L., Li, C.-S.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Du, Jie (55182476000); Feng, Wenkai (7402350874); Shi, Yuchuan (7404963937); Chen, Qian (36006983600); Wei, Changli (36007839600); Li, Changshun (36007571800)
55182476000; 7402350874; 7404963937; 36006983600; 36007839600; 36007571800
Research on impact of Wenchuan earthquake on stability of Wangyuezhai landslide
(2010) Yantu Lixue/Rock and Soil Mechanics, 31 (3), pp. 856 - 862, Cited 2 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77951006380&partnerID=40&md5=36d767d1a33f5b128765befee6580509

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenviroment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Center of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Sichuan Research Institute of Territorial Surveying and Planning, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: "5.12" Wenchuan earthquake induced a large number of landslides, which had directly threaded human lives and property safety. But at the same time, it also provided valuable material to study the impact of earthquakes on the landslide. Taking Wangyuezhai landslide instantiated in Li city of Sichuan Province for example, on the basis of exhaustively mastering the basic characteristics of landslide before and after Wenchuan earthquake, stability and stress-strain features were then calculated and analyzed by limiting equilibrium method and finite difference method, which could analyze landslide's deformation features from the respect of stress-strain. The analytical results are consistent with the macro-geological phenomena before and after the earthquake. These results provide a reliable basis for the future study of the impact of earthquakes on the landslide and geohazard prevention & geoenvironment protection.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Finite difference method; Limiting equilibrium method; Stability; Wangyuezhai landslide; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Analytical results; Before and after; Deformation feature; Geoenvironment; Human lives; Limiting equilibrium method; Sichuan province; Stress-strain; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes; Finite difference method; Stability; Landslides
REFERENCES: Xu, Jiancong, Study on mechanism of disintegration deformation and failure of debris landslide under rainfall, Yantu Lixue/Rock and Soil Mechanics, 29, 1, pp. 106-118, (2008); 
undefined, (2003); 
undefined, (2001); 
Chai, Bo, Sensitivity analysis of landslide stability based on distribution models of influencing factors, Yantu Lixue/Rock and Soil Mechanics, 28, 12, pp. 2624-2628, (2007); 
Zhang, Rui, Discussion on seismic coefficient of high earth-rock dams and its influence on dam slope seismic stability, Yantu Lixue/Rock and Soil Mechanics, 29, 4, pp. 1072-1076, (2008); 
Li, Yuanyao, Study on statistical rule of shear strength parameters of soil in landslide zone in Three Gorges Reservoir area, Yantu Lixue/Rock and Soil Mechanics, 29, 5, pp. 1419-1429, (2008); 
Zhang, Xuedong, Study of deformation features of Gapa landslide using FLAC-3D, Yantu Lixue/Rock and Soil Mechanics, 26, 1, pp. 131-134, (2005); 
Du, Jingcan, Stability analysis of ancient rocky slide-instantiating by Guishan ancient rock slide beside Baoquan Pumped Storage Power Station, Yantu Lixue/Rock and Soil Mechanics, 26, 11, pp. 1793-1798, (2005)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Cheng, G., He, X., Chen, G., Tao, H.-P.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Cheng, Genwei (8534152600); He, Xiubin (12344588300); Chen, Guirong (56169326300); Tao, Heping (18434979000)
8534152600; 12344588300; 56169326300; 18434979000
Change in sediment load of the Yangtze River after Wenchuan earthquake
(2010) Journal of Mountain Science, 7 (1), pp. 100 - 104, Cited 7 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11629-010-1102-7
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-76549131566&doi=10.1007%2Fs11629-010-1102-7&partnerID=40&md5=68e896fede4516988eca11e44113f994

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Mountain Environment Evolvement and Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Water Resources and Hydrology Bur of, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: On May 12, 2008, an earthquake of 8.0 magnitude on the Richter scale and its numerous aftershocks devastatingly hit Wenchuan County and its nearby region along the Longman Mountains in Sichuan Province, China. The heavy ruined area was up to 30,000 km2 and 13% of its land surface was denuded by the extremely terrible quakes. The mountain collapses, landslides and debris flows induced by the earthquake not only scared the landscape at the immense scale, but also poured 1.66-billion-m3 sediment combined with offscourings and rubble into the Yangtze River and its breaches. This amount of sediments is 3 times more than the normal amount discharged into the Yangtze River, and will significantly increase sediment transportation of rivers and decrease storage capacities of reservoirs downstream. The dramatic increase in sediment load will imperil the engineering safety and impact the operation of the giant Three-Gorge Hydro-power Station if no proper prevention measures are taken. © Science Press, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, CAS and Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2010.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Sediment load; The Yangtze River; Wenchuan earthquake
REFERENCES: Facts and Figures about China Quake and Relief, (2008); 
Stone, Richard, Sichuan disaster: Landslides, Flooding Pose Threats As Experts Survey Quake's Impact, Science, 320, 5879, pp. 996-997, (2008); 
Higgitt, David Laurence, Sediment delivery to the three gorges: 1. Catchment controls, Geomorphology, 41, 2, pp. 143-156, (2001); 
Chen, Zhongyuan, Yangtze River of China: Historical analysis of discharge variability and sediment flux, Geomorphology, 41, 2, pp. 77-91, (2001); 
Ambio, (1998); 
Lu, Xi Xi, Sediment yield mapping in a large river basin: The upper Yangtze, China, Environmental Modelling and Software, 18, 4, pp. 339-353, (2003); 
National Soil Loss Report in 2003, (2004); 
China Forest Report in the Year of 2004, (2005); 
Yang, Shilun, Temporal variation in the sediment load of the Yangtze river and the influences of human activities, Journal of Hydrology, 263, 1-4, pp. 56-71, (2002); 
Zhang, Xinbao, Current changes of sediment yields in the upper Yangtze River and its two biggest tributaries, China, Global and Planetary Change, 41, 3-4, pp. 221-227, (2004)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Chen, N.-S., Yang, C.-L., Zhou, W., Hu, G.-S., Li, H., Han, D.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Chen, Ningsheng (8726157200); Yang, Chenglin (55646442300); Zhou, Wei (55443778400); Hu, Guisheng (35113314000); Li, Huan (56076976300); Han, Dawei (55480762900)
8726157200; 55646442300; 55443778400; 35113314000; 56076976300; 55480762900
Erratum to: The Critical Rainfall Characteristics for Torrents and Debris Flows in the Wenchuan Earthquake Stricken Area (J. Mt. Sci., 10.1007/s11629-009-1064-9)
(2010) Journal of Mountain Science, 7 (1), pp. 1 - 1, Cited 2 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11629-010-1001-y
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-76549103420&doi=10.1007%2Fs11629-010-1001-y&partnerID=40&md5=e9f529e9faa3f2c40f8b41d995912e9c

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Department of Civil Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
DOCUMENT TYPE: Erratum
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; BRONZE OPEN ACCESS

Tang, H., Jia, H., Hu, X., Li, D., Xiong, C.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Tang, Huiming (58132262400); Jia, Hongbiao (7202381453); Hu, Xinli (7404710194); Li, Dewei (55704084500); Xiong, Chengren (8275080000)
58132262400; 7202381453; 7404710194; 55704084500; 8275080000
Characteristics of landslides induced by the great Wenchuan earthquake
(2010) Journal of Earth Science, 21 (1), pp. 104 - 113, Cited 48 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s12583-010-0008-1
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-76049129896&doi=10.1007%2Fs12583-010-0008-1&partnerID=40&md5=c607ca7c3d7a8ab667d867fa76ad85fb

AFFILIATIONS: Faculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China; China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
ABSTRACT: The great Wenchuan (Chinese source) earthquake induced a large quantity of landslides. They are widely distributed and caused tremendous damages. The sliding mechanism and characteristics of these earthquake-induced landslides are different from those of conventional gravity landslides. Their occurrences are apparently controlled by the powerful earthquake, and they are characterized by high potential energy sliding and ejection sliding. In this article, the earthquake-induced landslides are classified, the characteristics of the sliding and destruction of these landslides are described, and the relationship between the earthquake and the landslides is analyzed. The Donghekou (Chinese Source) landslide is used as an example to characterize fast-moving long-distance earthquake-induced ejection slippage and landslide. This research suggests that many phenomena and issues related to earthquake-induced landslide are beyond current recognition and knowledge, and new methodologies should be adopted to consider the effect of the earthquake as the paramount factor in the development of landslides. Furthermore, the study of fast-moving long-distance earthquake-induced landslides can also shed light on the formation of old and ancient landslides. © China University of Geosciences and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2010.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Ejection landslide; Giant landslide; High potential energy landslide; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: damage mechanics; earthquake damage; earthquake mechanism; geological survey; gravity flow; ground motion; landslide; potential energy; Sichuan earthquake 2008
REFERENCES: undefined, (2008); 
Geological Science and Technology Information, (2008); 
Study on the System Engineering Geology of Typical High Speed Loess Landslide in Crows, (1999); 
Wang, Tao, Fault activity of the Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan, China and seismic secondary geohazards, Geological Bulletin of China, 27, 11, pp. 1913-1922, (2008); 
Wang, Weimin, Rupture process of the MS 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake of Sichuan, China, Acta Geophysica Sinica, 51, 5, pp. 1403-1410, (2008); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2008); 
Zhang, Peizlien Zhen, Slip rates and recurrence intervals of the Longmen Shan active fault zone, and tectonic implications for the mechanism of the May 12 Wenchuan earthquake, 2008, Sichuan, China, Acta Geophysica Sinica, 51, 4, pp. 1066-1073, (2008); 
Acta Geologica Sinica, (2007)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Qi, W., Bo, J., Guo, X., Liu, D., Liu, Q.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Qi, Wenhao (11940844400); Bo, Jiangshan (7006324952); Guo, Xun (7404331217); Liu, Dedong (55522286100); Liu, Qibin (57190338848)
11940844400; 7006324952; 7404331217; 55522286100; 57190338848
Preliminary study on a special site in Wenchuan earthquake
(2010), 30 (3), pp. 53 - 58, Cited 8 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84979233750&partnerID=40&md5=50fc21c41b779f9b2110fcd0550a4ae6

AFFILIATIONS: College of Aerospace and Civil Engineering, Harbing Medical University, Harbin, China; Institute of Engineering Mechanics, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing, China; Institute of Disaster Prevention Science and Technology, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: In order to explain the reason why abnorma lintensity occurred in Hanyuan county town during Wenchuan earthquake, scientific investigation was carried out aiming at the earthquake damage to Hanyuan. Accord ing to the general damage case, firstly, the collapse of the buildings of the town were investigated, and a damage range based on the investigation w as delineated. Secondly, some places with lique faction phenomena were investigated. Finally, the Beihou Mountion landslide was investigated, too. All the earthquake damage was analyzed briefly. According to the investigation result, them icrotremor character on some sites was tested comparatively. The test results show that the natural frequencies are small in the sites of Hanyuan No. 2 school old financial bureau and bus station, wh ile the natural frequencies are bigger in the sites of the left bank of iusha river and Luobugang. It is show n that the reasons resulting in the abnormal intensity may be soil lique faction, landslide and soften sites.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Abnormal intensity; Hanyuan county; Microtremor test; Special site; Wenchuan earthquake
REFERENCES: Guo, Xun, Estimation of damping ratio of soil sites using microtremor, Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, 1, 1, pp. 45-49, (2002)
PUBLISHER: Science Press shengtaixuebao@mail.rcees.ac.cn
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wang, X., Han, Z.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wang, Xiuying (55736957400); Han, Zhenlin (55194232800)
55736957400; 55194232800
Modeling of landslides hazards induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake using ground motion parameters
(2010), pp. 297 - 303, Cited 1 times.
DOI: 10.1201/9780415601658-52
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84860174293&doi=10.1201%2F9780415601658-52&partnerID=40&md5=5fdb30cf9c3bdcaf71fcfcddc9e27566

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Crustal Dynamics, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing, China; Geological Surveying Insitute, Henan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration and Devleopment, China
ABSTRACT: Studies of earthquake-induced landslides in China using ground motion parameters have been rare. However, landslides induced by the 2008Wenchuan Earthquake in the Longmenshan area were relatively well instrumented and can be investigated using ground motion records. Analysis shows that the Newmark accumulative displacement calculated from the ground motion data recorded in a particular geological hazard zone corresponds to the hazard intensity in that zone: the larger the displacement, the more serious the geological hazard. Analysis also shows that the displacement is related to the Arias Intensity, which represents the total energy released during the earthquake at the observation site. An evaluation model of Newmark displacement calculated with Arias Intensity was constructed to estimate the subsequent slope failure resulting from the earthquake. The fact that the calculated results based on the model fit well with the distribution of actual landslides shows that this method is useful for hazard evaluation. This type of model therefore can be used as a tool for estimating regional-scale distributions of earthquake-induced landslides and their associated hazards. Furthermore, the technique is useful for evaluating applied engineering needs during reconstruction efforts in the earthquake-hit area. © 2010 Taylor & Francis Group, London.
INDEX KEYWORDS: Geology; Hazards; Landslides; Petroleum reservoir evaluation; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Arias intensities; Earthquake-induced landslides; Evaluation modeling; Geological hazards; Ground motion parameters; Hazard evaluation; Landslides hazards; Earthquakes
REFERENCES: Arias A, MEASURE OF EARTHQUAKE INTENSITY, pp. 438-483, (1969); 
Khazai, Bijan, Evaluation of factors controlling earthquake-induced landslides caused by Chi-Chi earthquake and comparison with the Northridge and Loma Prieta events, Engineering Geology, 71, 1-2, pp. 79-95, (2004); 
Isoseismal Map of Wenchuan Ms 8 0 Earthquake, (2012); 
Keefer, David K., Investigating landslides caused by earthquakes - A historical review, Surveys in Geophysics, 23, 6, pp. 473-510, (2002); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2000); 
Harp, Edwin L., Shaking intensity thresholds for rock falls and slides: evidence from 1987 Whittier Narrows and Superstition Hills earthquake strong- motion records, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 85, 6, pp. 1739-1757, (1995); 
Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control, (2007); 
Earthquake Engineering, (2006); 
Huang, Runqiu, Research on development and distribution rules of geohazards induced by Wenchuan earthquake on 12th May, 2008, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 27, 12, pp. 2585-2592, (2008); 
Li, Xiaojun, Strong motion observations and recordings from the great Wenchuan Earthquake, Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, 7, 3, pp. 235-246, (2008)
PUBLISHER: Taylor and Francis - Balkema pub.nl@tandf.co.uk
SPONSORS: International Society for Rock Mechanics
CONFERENCE NAME: 5th International Symposium on In-Situ Rock Stress, ISRSV 2010
CONFERENCE DATE: 2010-08-25 through 2010-08-27
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Peng, M., Zhang, L.M., Huang, R.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Peng, Ming (37108434300); Zhang, Limin Min (58883008100); Huang, Runqiu (55835407700)
37108434300; 58883008100; 55835407700
Risk analysis of tangjiashan landslide dam
(2010) Geotechnical Special Publication, (199), pp. 2192 - 2201, Cited 3 times.
DOI: 10.1061/41095(365)222
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79959587335&doi=10.1061%2F41095%28365%29222&partnerID=40&md5=02230156fe80acda9f81db87e8fdaee6

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: Tangjiashan Landslide Dam, with a height of 82-124 m, a volume of 20.4 million m3 and a reservoir volume of 316 million m3, is the largest landslide dam induced by the Ms 8.0 Wenchuan Earthquake on 12 May 2008. The breaching of the dam threatens more than 1.3 million people downstream. This paper outlines a procedure to estimate the loss of lives (LOL) due to various potential modes of failure of the landslide dam. A regression model with parameters of population at risk (PAR), warning time (WT) is studied. Based on empirical breach parameters, analysis of flood routing in the river downstream the dam is performed using a river analysis program, HEC-RAS. Both the real failure scenario and two assumed overtopping failure scenarios are considered. The inundation area and warning time for each affected zone in each scenario are obtained. A physical model is selected to obtain the population at risk based on historical data and the information of water depth, flow velocity, warning time etc from the analyses using HEC-RAS. Some possible situations of warning time are compared. Based on the regression model with data of PAR, WT, force, and population distribution along the downstream of Tangjiashan Landslide Dam, the LOL can be estimated in different scenarios. © 2010 ASCE.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: China; Dams; Landslides; Risk management
INDEX KEYWORDS: Dams; Design; Landslides; Population statistics; Regression analysis; Risk analysis; Risk assessment; Risk management; Breach parameters; China; Flood routing; HEC-RAS; Historical data; Landslide dam; Loss of life; Modes of failure; Physical model; Regression model; Reservoir volume; Risk-based; Warning time; Water depth; Wenchuan Earthquake; Reservoirs (water)
REFERENCES: Abt, Steven R., HUMAN STABILITY IN A HIGH FLOOD HAZARD ZONE, Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 25, 4, pp. 881-890, (1989); 
Estimates of the Risks Associated with Dam Failure, (1974); 
Brown, Curtis A., ASSESSING THE THREAT TO LIFE FROM DAM FAILURE, Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 24, 6, pp. 1303-1309, (1988); 
Open Channel Hydraulics, (1959); 
Costa, John E., FORMATION AND FAILURE OF NATURAL DAMS., Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 100, 7, pp. 1054-1068, (1988); 
DeKay, Michael L., Predicting Loss of Life in Cases of Dam Failure and Flash Flood, Risk Analysis, 13, 2, pp. 193-205, (1993); 
User S Manual of HEC Ras River Analysis System, (2008); 
Rescdam Final Report, (2000); 
Lind, Niels C., Hydrodynamic models of human stability in a flood, Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 40, 1, pp. 89-96, (2004); 
Simulation of One Dimensional Dam Breach and Emergency Calculation of the Sichuan Quake Lake, (2008)
PUBLISHER: American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) onlinejls@asce.org
CONFERENCE NAME: GeoFlorida 2010: Advances in Analysis, Modeling and Design Conference
CONFERENCE DATE: 2010-02-20 through 2010-02-24
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Dong, Y., Li, Q., Dou, A., Wang, X.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Dong, Yanfang (8213169000); Li, Qi (55547832500); Dou, Aixia (55761756200); Wang, Xiaoqing (35148757500)
8213169000; 55547832500; 55761756200; 35148757500
Disaster mapping from medium spatial resolution ALOS PALSAR images
(2010) International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), art. no. 5652182, pp. 2167 - 2170, Cited 3 times.
DOI: 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5652182
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-78650921505&doi=10.1109%2FIGARSS.2010.5652182&partnerID=40&md5=31ab32163e42b0bc784b711646ca99d2

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Earthquake Science, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing, China; Institute for Geo-Resources and Environment, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
ABSTRACT: All-day and all-weather Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) can measure both intensity and phase of the reflected signal. The backscattering coefficients measured by SAR reflect the backscatter characteristics of surface targets. Changes happened to a target's surface roughness, geometric and structural characteristics will result in the change of its backscattering intensity recorded in SAR image. The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, China have caused widely distributed geological disasters, such as landslides, mudfloods and barrier lakes, which resulted in the difference between pre- and post-earthquake SAR images. Comparison between the pre- and post-earthquake SAR intensity images will reveal the damage information. In this study, PALSAR Level 1.0 data acquired for the Wenchuan earthquake were used to analyze the geological disasters. Results show that medium spatial resolution SAR data, such as 10 m resolution ALOS PALSAR data, especially when both pre- and post-earthquake images are available, are useful in revealing the distribution of landslides and barrier lakes. © 2010 IEEE.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Change detection; Disaster mapping; Earthquake; PALSAR; SAR
INDEX KEYWORDS: Backscattering; Disasters; Earthquakes; Geology; Image resolution; Lakes; Landslides; Mapping; Remote sensing; Surface roughness; Synthetic aperture radar; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Backscattering coefficients; Backscattering intensity; Change detection; Geological disaster; PALSAR; Structural characteristics; Wenchuan Earthquake; Radar imaging
REFERENCES: Massonnet, Didier, The displacement field of the Landers earthquake mapped by radar interferometry, Nature, 364, 6433, pp. 138-142, (1993); 
Ozawa, Shinzaburo, Synthetic aperture radar interferogram of the 1995 Kobe earthquake and its geodetic inversion, Geophysical Research Letters, 24, 18, pp. 2327-2330, (1997); 
Jers 1 Science Program 99 Pi Reports Global Forest Monitoring and SAR Interometry, (1999); 
Peltzer, Gilles, Evidence of nonlinear elasticity of the crust from the Mw7.6 Manyi (Tibet) earthquake, Science, 286, 5438, pp. 272-276, (1999); 
Stramondo, Salvatore, InSAR surface displacement field and fault modelling for the 2003 Bam earthquake (southeastern Iran), Journal of Geodynamics, 40, 2-3, pp. 347-353, (2005); 
Fielding, Eric Jameson, Shallow fault-zone dilatancy recovery after the 2003 Bam earthquake in Iran, Nature, 458, 7234, pp. 64-68, (2009); 
Alos User Handbook, (2007); 
Proceedings of 4th International Workshop on Remote Sensing for Post Disaster Response, (2006); 
International Journal of Navigation and Observation, (2008); 
Alos Palsar Data Processing Using Gamma Software, (2006)
PUBLISHER: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
CONFERENCE NAME: 2010 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, IGARSS 2010
CONFERENCE DATE: 2010-07-25 through 2010-07-30
CONFERENCE LOCATION: Honolulu
CONFERENCE CODE: 83256
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Tian, B., Wang, L., Koike, K., Fan, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Tian, Bingwei (24376970400); Wang, Ling (36816548400); Koike, Katsuaki (57219664247); Fan, Jianrong (8727506000)
24376970400; 36816548400; 57219664247; 8727506000
Analysis and assessment of earthquake-induced secondary mountain disaster chains based on multi-platform remote sensing
(2010) International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), art. no. 5648963, pp. 1214 - 1217, Cited 4 times.
DOI: 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5648963
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-78650868855&doi=10.1109%2FIGARSS.2010.5648963&partnerID=40&md5=f5f70537a2ae5fe75b1003c84b6bdb42

AFFILIATIONS: Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, Japan; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: The Wenchuan earthquake was a destructive earthquake that measured at 7.9 Mw occurred at 14:28:01.42 CST on May 12, 2008 in Sichuan province of China, which induced large quantities of secondary mountain disasters such as collapse, landslides, debris flows and barrier lakes. These disasters occurred and more seriously formed disaster chains causing great destruction, and costing many lives after both the earthquake and thousands of aftershocks. To gather a proper understanding of disaster and formed chains, it is necessary to consider disaster chains for the dilapidated areas. In this paper, we focused on dynamically monitoring and analyzing the disaster chains patterns, spatial distribution and trying to choose the best time to cut the chains for preventing the prospective disasters. The multi-sensor remote sensing imageries before and after earthquakes were used to discover the disasters induced by earthquake and aftershocks, then to acquire the distributions of these disasters and rapidly analysis and assess the disaster chains to prevent possible disaster consequences. © 2010 IEEE.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: China earthquake; Disaster chains; Multi-Platform; Remote Sensing; Secondary mountain disaster
INDEX KEYWORDS: Disasters; Earthquakes; Landforms; Remote sensing; Barrier lakes; Debris flows; Disaster chains; Multi sensor; Multi-platform; Remote sensing imagery; Sichuan province; Wenchuan Earthquake; Disaster prevention
REFERENCES: Magnitude 7 9 Eastern Sichuan, (2008); 
Fan, Jianrong, Rapid assessment of secondary disasters induced by the wenchuan earthquake, Computing in Science and Engineering, 12, 1, pp. 10-19, (2010); 
Di, Baofeng, Quantifying the spatial distribution of soil mass wasting processes after the 2008 earthquake in Wenchuan, China. A case study of the Longmenshan area, Remote Sensing of Environment, 114, 4, pp. 761-771, (2010); 
Xu, Qiang, Landslide dams triggered by the Wenchuan Earthquake, Sichuan Province, south west China, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 68, 3, pp. 373-386, (2009); 
Natural Hazards, (2008); 
Shen, Zheng-Kang, Slip maxima at fault junctions and rupturing of barriers during the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Nature Geoscience, 2, 10, pp. 718-724, (2009); 
Chen, Xingzhang, Characteristics and risk analysis of Qinglin debris flow induced by "5.12" Wenchuan earthquake in Beichuan County, Sichuan, China, International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), 2, pp. II408-II411, (2009); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2008); 
Cui, Peng, The 12 May Wenchuan earthquake-induced landslide lakes: Distribution and preliminary risk evaluation, Landslides, 6, 3, pp. 209-223, (2009)
PUBLISHER: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
CONFERENCE NAME: 2010 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, IGARSS 2010
CONFERENCE DATE: 2010-07-25 through 2010-07-30
CONFERENCE LOCATION: Honolulu
CONFERENCE CODE: 83256
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Tao, S., Hu, D., Xue, D.-J., Lian, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Tao, Shu (36683220000); Hu, Deyong (22233958700); Xue, Dongjian (36816510500); Lian, Jian (35119297500)
36683220000; 22233958700; 36816510500; 35119297500
Landslide susceptibility assessment in active seismic zone - with a case study of Wenchuan
(2010) International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), art. no. 5650140, pp. 1218 - 1221, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.1109/IGARSS.2010.5650140
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-78650858797&doi=10.1109%2FIGARSS.2010.5650140&partnerID=40&md5=bc6b10eff264130b5468effe96ab65b6

AFFILIATIONS: Capital Normal University, Beijing, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Geo-Hazard Prevention and Earth Environment Protection, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: The Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, occurred on 12 May 2008 in Sichuan Province, caused enormous property damages and human casualties. In order to remove threat from the secondary landslides effectively, this study used techniques of remote sensing and GIS to generate susceptibility map, taking the case of Wenchuan County. The factors controlling landslides are obtained from geological maps and DEM, including relief amplitude, lithology, seismic intensity, distance to faults and rivers. Furthermore, this paper presents quantitative analysis of relationship between number and area of the landslides and factors in the study area. Based on this analysis, the probability predicting the possibility of landslide occurrence has been calculated applying information value method and logistic regression separately. The study zone was ultimately categorized into five classes, specifically, "extremely low", "low", "moderate", "high" and "very high". These results have been proved to reflect closely the spatial distributions of landslides in the study area. © 2010 IEEE.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Landslide; Remote sensing; Susceptibility assessment
INDEX KEYWORDS: Earthquakes; Landslides; Lithology; Logistic regression; Geological map; Information value; Landslide susceptibility assessments; Property damage; Remote sensing and GIS; Seismic intensity; Sichuan province; Wenchuan Earthquake; Remote sensing
REFERENCES: Journal of Remote Sensing, (2003); 
Yin, Jinhui, The characteristics of the landslides triggered by the Wenchuan Ms 8.0 earthquake from Anxian to Beichuan, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 37, 5-6, pp. 452-459, (2010); 
Karsli, Fevzi, Effects of land-use changes on landslides in a landslide-prone area (Ardesen, Rize, NE Turkey), Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 156, 1-4, pp. 241-255, (2009); 
Chen, Xiaoli, Triggering factors susceptibility of earthquake-induced landslides in 1976 Longling Earthquake, Beijing Daxue Xuebao (Ziran Kexue Ban)/Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis, 45, 1, pp. 104-109, (2009); 
Jade, Sridevi, Statistical models for slope instability classification, Engineering Geology, 36, 1-2, pp. 91-98, (1993)
PUBLISHER: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
CONFERENCE NAME: 2010 30th IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, IGARSS 2010
CONFERENCE DATE: 2010-07-25 through 2010-07-30
CONFERENCE LOCATION: Honolulu
CONFERENCE CODE: 83256
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Kong, J., Fayou, F., Tian, S., Yun, C., Wu, W.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Kong, Jiming (55793897000); Fayou, A. (36607707800); Tian, Shujun (36609420200); Yun, Cui (36609693600); Wu, Wenping (57198678602)
55793897000; 36607707800; 36609420200; 36609693600; 57198678602
Notice of Retraction: Wenchuan seismic landslide types and typical cases analysis
(2010), 2, art. no. 5567341, pp. 260 - 264, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.1109/ESIAT.2010.5567341
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77958010532&doi=10.1109%2FESIAT.2010.5567341&partnerID=40&md5=13c96e3a5ac2f8718f977770a73b9a86

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: As to substantial problems of seismic landslide disasters induced by Wenchuan earthquake, and based on the formation mechanism and movement features of Wenchuan seismic landslide, the seismic landslide is divided into two types of vibration-sliding and collapse-sliding. Of which, the vibration-sliding is also classified into the overall-sliding and fracture-sliding; the collapse-sliding is classified into the fall-sliding, dump-down-sliding and fall-ejection-sliding. Cases of various types of seismic landslide are cited in this thesis, where the formation mechanism and the developmental features are analyzed and summarized. It has certain significance for improving the understanding of seismic landslide and its induced geo-environmental hazards, and provides a scientific basis for the prevention of seismic landslide disasters. ©2010 IEEE.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Seismic landslide; Types of seismic landslide; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Disaster prevention; Disasters; Environmental technology; Landslides; Environmental hazards; Formation mechanism; Scientific basis; Seismic landslides; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes
REFERENCES: Keeper, David K., Earthquake-induced landslides and their effects on alluvial fans, Journal of Sedimentary Research, 69, 1, pp. 84-104, (1999); 
Journal of Seismological Research, (2006); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2002); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (1997); 
Research of Soil and Water Conservation, (2001); 
Recent Developments in World Seismology, (2000)
PUBLISHER: IEEE Computer Society
DOCUMENT TYPE: Retracted
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Tian, S., Kong, J., Li, X., Fayou, F., Cun, Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Tian, Shujun (36609420200); Kong, Jiming (55793897000); Li, Xiuzhen (56237865700); Fayou, A. (36607707800); Cun, Yun (36607582000)
36609420200; 55793897000; 56237865700; 36607707800; 36607582000
Notice of Retraction: A reliability analysis of multimode system applying on critical evaluation of landslides triggered by Wenchuan earthquake
(2010), 2, art. no. 5567409, pp. 547 - 550, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.1109/ESIAT.2010.5567409
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77958000075&doi=10.1109%2FESIAT.2010.5567409&partnerID=40&md5=1e7c8a28f3a4b78c98fba05b5672ff95

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Understanding where earthquake-induced landslides are most likely to occur is important for reducing damage and loss of life in future earthquakes. The paper took Wenchuan earthquake as an example, and formed the multimode parallel system composed of the geologic body and three key factors firstly, and applied the means of reliability analysis of multimode system with matrix on the research of critical evaluation of earthquake-induced landslides secondly. At last, not only the primary and secondary risky grades could be obtained for every county, but also the value of reliability of each county in different risky grades could be computed in Wenchuan earthquake. This method is significant for further study on critical evaluation of earthquake-induced landslides. ©2010 IEEE.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Critical statement; Multimode; Reliability analysis; Remote sensing; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Earthquakes; Environmental technology; Landslides; Remote sensing; Critical evaluation; Critical statement; Earthquake-induced landslides; Loss of life; Multimode system; Multimodes; Parallel system; Wenchuan Earthquake; Reliability analysis
REFERENCES: Kong, Jiming, Typical case study on the development characteristics of fragmentation-sliding seismic landslide, Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 41, 3, pp. 119-124, (2009); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2009); 
Keefer, David K., Statiscal analysis of an earthquake-induced landslide distribution - The 1989 Loma Prieta, California event, Engineering Geology, 58, 3-4, pp. 231-249, (2000); 
Aleotti, Pietro, Landslide hazard assessment: Summary review and new perspectives, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 58, 1, pp. 21-44, (1999); 
Tan, X., Reliability analysis on a slope with several slide surfaces, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 20, 6, pp. 822-825, (2001); 
Whitman, Robert V., Evaluating calculated risk in geotechnical engineering, Journal of Geotechcnical Engineering, 110, 2, pp. 143-188, (1984); 
Romeo, Roberto Walter, Seismically induced landslide displacements: A predictive model, Engineering Geology, 58, 3-4, pp. 337-351, (2000); 
Hassan, Ahmed M., Search algorithm for minimum reliability index of earth slopes, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering - ASCE, 125, 4, pp. 301-308, (1999); 
Barlow, Richard E., COHERENT SYSTEMS WITH MULTI-STATE COMPONENTS., Mathematics of Operations Research, 3, 4, pp. 275-281, (1978); 
Chowdhury, Robin N., Rational polynomial technique in slope-reliability analysis, Journal of Geotechcnical Engineering, 119, 12, pp. 1910-1928, (1993)
PUBLISHER: IEEE Computer Society
DOCUMENT TYPE: Retracted
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Sun, P., Yin, Y., Wu, S.R., Chen, L.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Sun, Ping (26428429500); Yin, Yueping (55687306100); Wu, Shuren (15744734100); Chen, Liwei (57129195200)
26428429500; 55687306100; 15744734100; 57129195200
Experimental study of microstructure and mechanical properties of rocks from Donghekou landslide
(2010) Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 29 (SUPPL. 1), pp. 2872 - 2878, Cited 16 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77955048311&partnerID=40&md5=e26728995001dd487d3f3f7e743c33af

AFFILIATIONS: Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China; Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China; China Geological Survey, Beijing, Beijing, China; China Nuclear Power Engineering Co.,Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
ABSTRACT: Donghekou landslide is a typical rapid and long run-out landslide located in Qingchuan County triggered by the 2008great Wenchuan earthquake. It starts from the elevation of 1300m and causes 780deaths, with a total long run-out of 2400m. This landslide is composed of limestone and dolomite limestone of Sinian system, carbon slate and phyllite of Cambrian system. Field investigations indicate that as for the Donghekou landslide, the microstructure and macroscopically mechanical property of the rock on sliding mass play an important role in the starting-up of the landslide under the action of earthquake. Therefore, by using the ORTHOPLAM microscope, the RMT-150C rock mechanics testing system and the 600kN hydraulic universal testing machine, a series of tests have been carried out to study the microstructures and mechanical properties, such as the tensile strength, the compression strength and the shear strength of rocks from Donghekou landslide. The microstructure test results show that the mineral component of rock samples is very complex, and most of the rocks have experienced more than two deformation and metamorphic processes. And the mechanical test results indicate that water is an important factor for the mechanical properties of rocks, and the tensile strength, the compression strength and the shear strength are different at the dried state and saturated state. At the same time, the structural plane also plays a significant role in the mechanical properties of rocks.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Donghekou landslide; Macroscopically mechanical property; Microstructure; Sloping engineering; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Compression testing; Compressive strength; Earthquakes; Landslides; Shear strength; Tensile strength; Tensile testing; Compression strength; Donghekou landslide; Long run outs; Macroscopically mechanical property; Mechanical; Microstructures and mechanical properties; Property; Shears strength; Sloping engineering; Wenchuan Earthquake; Limestone
REFERENCES: Xie, Heping, Fractal geometry and fracture of rock, Acta Mechanica Sinica/Lixue Xuebao, 4, 3, pp. 255-264, (1988); 
Wei, Hong, Relationship between fractal features of microvoid grains distribution and strength of rock, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 19, 3, pp. 318-320, (2000); 
Wang, Zeyun, Characteristics of damage evolution of micropore and microcrack in rock, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 23, 10, pp. 1599-1603, (2004); 
Engineering Rock Mechanics, (1997); 
Cheng, Qiangong, Study of complex accelerated dynamics mechanism of highspeed landslide by elastic rocky impulse and peak-residual strength drop, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 19, 2, pp. 173-176, (2000); 
Lin, Peng, Peak strength model of brittle rocks containing flaws, Qinghua Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Tsinghua University, 46, 9, pp. 1514-1517, (2006); 
You, Mingqing, Experimental study on strength and deformation properties of hollow cylindrical specimens of marbles, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 26, 12, pp. 2420-2429, (2007); 
Xu, Bin, Laboratory study on behaviour of static properties of saturated sand-gravel after liquefaction, Yantu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 29, 1, pp. 103-106, (2007); 
Liu, Xiaoli, Evolutionary rules of flaws in rock subjected to uniaxial compression and rock strength, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 27, 6, pp. 1195-1201, (2008); 
Huang, Runqiu, Experimental research on mechanical properties of granites under unloading condition, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 27, 11, pp. 2205-2213, (2008)
PUBLISHER: Academia Sinica
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Xu, M., Cao, C., Zhang, H., Guo, J., Nakane, K., He, Q., Guo, J., Chang, C., Bao, Y., Gao, M., Li, X.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Xu, Min C. (36071644600); Cao, Chunxiang (14031191400); Zhang, Hao J. (9238972800); Guo, Jianping (57224911813); Nakane, Kaneyuki (7101972259); He, Qisheng (35423878400); Guo, Jianghong (57212984789); Chang, Chaoyi (36182703200); Bao, Yunfei (55083178100); Gao, Mengxu (36021003600); Li, Xiaowen (24755928100)
36071644600; 14031191400; 9238972800; 57224911813; 7101972259; 35423878400; 57212984789; 36182703200; 55083178100; 36021003600; 24755928100
Change detection of an earthquake-induced barrier lake based on remote sensing image classification
(2010) International Journal of Remote Sensing, 31 (13), pp. 3521 - 3534, Cited 36 times.
DOI: 10.1080/01431161003727689
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77954845211&doi=10.1080%2F01431161003727689&partnerID=40&md5=2da5c9be12918bfac6feeb30a62e413c

AFFILIATIONS: Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Centre for Atmosphere Watch and Services, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing, China; Department of Environmental Studies, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
ABSTRACT: The earthquake-induced barrier lakes that are caused by landslides are at risk of bursting after excessive rainfall, and they are a serious threat to the surrounding residents. This paper proposes a change detection approach of the barrier lake using the method of post-classification comparison combined with background subtraction. The case studied in the paper is the detection of the Tangjiashan barrier lake, which is one of the largest lakes induced by the Wenchuan Earthquake on 12 May 2008. Both the pre- (31 March 2007) and post-earthquake (16 May 2008) images of the Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS) Advanced Visible and Near Infrared Radiometer type 2 (AVINER-2) were collected in the paper. The results show that the river widened through the Zhangping area, increasing from 90 m pre-earthquake to 545 m post-earthquake, and the surface area of the barrier lake increased from 0.945 km2 to 1.471 km2. © 2010 Taylor & Francis.
INDEX KEYWORDS: Image classification; Infrared devices; Lakes; Remote sensing; Advanced land observing satellites; Background subtraction; Barrier lakes; Change detection; Post-classification comparisons; Remote sensing image classification; Visible and near infrared radiometers; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes; AVNIR; detection method; image classification; imaging method; remote sensing; satellite imagery; Sichuan earthquake 2008; Beichuan; China; Sichuan; Tangjiashan Lake
REFERENCES: Bignami, Christian, Comparing and combining the capability of detecting earthquake damages in urban areas using SAR and optical data, International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), 1, pp. 55-58, (2004); 
Bitelli, Gabriele, Image change detection on urban area: The earthquake case, International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences - ISPRS Archives, 35, pp. 692-697, (2004); 
Chen, Yenliang, Using decision trees to summarize associative classification rules, Expert Systems with Applications, 36, 2 PART 1, pp. 2338-2351, (2009); 
Cheng, Genwei, Outburst risk of barrier lakes in Sichuan, China, Journal of Mountain Science, 5, 3, pp. 189-193, (2008); 
Dey, Sagnik, Surface latent heat flux as an earthquake precursor, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 3, 6, pp. 749-755, (2003); 
Fung, T., Application of principal components analysis to change detection, Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, 53, 12, pp. 1649-1658, (1987); 
Ganas, Athanassios, The 7 September 1999 Athens 5.9 Ms earthquake: Remote sensing and digital elevation model inputs towards identifying the seismic fault, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 22, 1, pp. 191-196, (2001); 
Garay, Michael J., Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) time-lapse imagery of tsunami waves from the 26 December 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake, Remote Sensing of Environment, 107, 1-2, pp. 256-263, (2007); 
Howarth, Philip J., Procedures for change detection using landsat digital data, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 2, 3, pp. 277-291, (1981); 
Igarashi, Tamotsu, ALOS mission requirement and sensor specifications, Advances in Space Research, 28, 1, pp. 127-131, (2001)
PUBLISHER: Taylor and Francis Ltd.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Liou, L., Kar, S.K., Chang, L.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Liou, Yueian (7102949705); Kar, Sanjib Kumar (56241347800); Chang, Liyu (7404275596)
7102949705; 56241347800; 7404275596
Use of high-resolution formosat-2 satellite images for post-earthquake disaster assessment: A study following the 12 may 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake
(2010) International Journal of Remote Sensing, 31 (13), pp. 3355 - 3368, Cited 56 times.
DOI: 10.1080/01431161003727655
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77954843362&doi=10.1080%2F01431161003727655&partnerID=40&md5=45074f7dcfe66b9fb001e2ce6e4a3ba4

AFFILIATIONS: Center for Space and Remote Sensing Research, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
ABSTRACT: A large earthquake struck Wenchuan County, China on 12 May 2008 and is one of the most severe natural disasters of recent decades that has changed the entire landscape of Wenchuan County. This paper presents a satellite image analysis of the landslide following the Wenchuan earthquake and its consequences, and demonstrates how remote sensing techniques can be used for civilian crisis- management purpose and disaster relief. Real-time high resolution 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional information on structural deformation of land areas, directional changes of rivers, creation of new lakes, and the water levels of rivers and lakes in the earthquake affected area have been provided using the FORMOSAT-2 and Satellite pour l'Observation de la Terre (SPOT)-5 satellite images. Satellite images taken before and after the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake have been used for landslide investigation. Possible flooding and rupture of natural dams during the post-earthquake period have been indicated through the analysis of 3- dimensional images of FORMOSAT-2. Some rescue methods have been suggested for immediate recovery of the bereaved persons and to locate the corresponding area accurately using remote sensing techniques. Some precautionary measures have also been suggested to avoid further destruction. Comparisons of panchromatic and multispectral images of FORMOSAT-2 for a particular region have been made to quantify the location accuracy. Our results show that the real-time high-spatial resolution FORMOSAT-2 satellite images could be an efficient and useful resource for decision-makers to prepare rescue and post-event recovery operation plans, especially for some isolated earthquake areas where damage distribution is often very uneven and hard to reach in time. © 2010 Taylor & Francis.
INDEX KEYWORDS: Decision making; Disaster prevention; Disasters; Image analysis; Lakes; Landslides; Remote sensing; Satellite imagery; Water levels; 3-dimensional images; High spatial resolution; Multispectral images; Precautionary measures; Remote sensing techniques; Satellite image analysis; Satellite Pour l'Observation de la Terre; Structural deformation; Earthquakes; accuracy assessment; crisis management; disaster management; earthquake damage; earthquake rupture; image resolution; recovery plan; remote sensing; satellite imagery; Sichuan earthquake 2008; spatial resolution; SPOT; three-dimensional modeling; two-dimensional modeling; China; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Use of Existing and Future Remote Sensing Systems in Natural Hazard Management Specifications and Requirements, (1997); 
Burchfiel, B. Clark, Tectonics of the Longmen Shan and Adjacent Regions, Central China, International Geology Review, 37, 8, pp. 661-735, (1995); 
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems for Emergency Management Effective Implementation, (1995); 
Chen, Cheming, Fusion of hyperspectral and radar data using the IHS transformation to enhance urban surface features, ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 58, 1-2, pp. 19-30, (2003); 
She Fa Chen, Active faulting and block movement associated with large earthquakes in the Min Shan and Longmen Mountains, northeastern Tibetan Plateau, Journal of Geophysical Research, 99, B12, pp. 24-38, (1994); 
Chen, Zhiliang, Global Positioning System measurements from eastern Tibet and their implications for India/Eurasia intercontinental deformation, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 105, B7, pp. 16215-16227, (2000); 
Densmore, Alexander Logan, Active tectonics of the Beichuan and Pengguan faults at the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, Tectonics, 26, 4, (2007); 
Report on the Kocaeli Turkey Earthquake of August 17 1999, (2000); 
Ganas, Athanassios, The use of earth observation and decision support systems in the restoration of open-cast nickel mines Evia, central Greece, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 25, 16, pp. 3261-3274, (2004); 
Gupta, Ravi Prakash, Landslide hazard zoning using the GIS approach-A case study from the Ramganga catchment, Himalayas, Engineering Geology, 28, 1-2, pp. 119-131, (1990)
PUBLISHER: Taylor and Francis Ltd.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zhuang, J., Cui, P., Ge, Y., Yi-Ping, H., Liu, Y., Guo, X.-J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhuang, Jianqi (26538426500); Cui, Peng (56706923500); Ge, Yonggang (26039083000); Yi-Ping, He (36246866400); Liu, Yinghui (36647679000); Guo, Xiaojun (55636231600)
26538426500; 56706923500; 26039083000; 36246866400; 36647679000; 55636231600
Probability assessment of river blocking by debris flow associated with the Wenchuan Earthquake
(2010) International Journal of Remote Sensing, 31 (13), pp. 3465 - 3478, Cited 26 times.
DOI: 10.1080/01431161003730873
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77954839611&doi=10.1080%2F01431161003730873&partnerID=40&md5=2d2dd4cbabe6c27b11e7a3834260c4f6

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
ABSTRACT: This paper assesses the probability of the main stream in the Dujiangyan- Wenchuan reach of the Minjiang River becoming blocked by debris flows in response to the Wenchuan Earthquake of 12 May 2008, on the basis of analyses of remote sensing data and ground investigations. Background information of debris flow gullies was developed from field investigations and high-resolution remote sensing image interpretation, and was used to estimate the maximum discharge per unit width by means of the revised model of debris flow magnitude according to the situation after the Earthquake. Based on improved discrimination equations of river blocking induced by debris flow, 29 debris flow gullies were evaluated and classified as four probability levels: extreme high, high, moderate and low. The results show that most of the debris flow gullies were at or over moderate hazard level, accounting for 72.4% of the total area. The present results provide a scientific basis for the prevention, elusion and mitigation of debris flow hazards and will contribute to the reconstruction of an earthquake prone area. © 2010 Taylor & Francis.
INDEX KEYWORDS: Blocking probability; Debris; Hazards; Landforms; Probability; Remote sensing; Rivers; Background information; Debris flow hazards; Field investigation; Ground investigation; High resolution remote sensing images; Probability assessments; Remote sensing data; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes; assessment method; data processing; debris flow; geological mapping; gully; hazard assessment; image resolution; observational method; probability; remote sensing; river; river discharge; satellite data; Sichuan earthquake 2008; China; Dujiangyan; Min River [Sichuan]; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Journal of Sediment Research, (2002); 
Crowley, James K., Analysis of potential debris flow source areas on Mount Shasta, California, by using airborne and satellite remote sensing data, Remote Sensing of Environment, 87, 2-3, pp. 345-358, (2003); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2006); 
Cui, Peng, The Wenchuan Earthquake (May 12, 2008), Sichuan Province, China, and resulting geohazards, Natural Hazards, 56, 1, pp. 19-36, (2011); 
Triggering Storm Rainfall and Material Properties, (2005); 
Using Spss for Windows Data Analysis and Graphics, (2005); 
Guo, Zhixue, Experimental study on parameters affecting the river-blocking due to debris flow, Shuili Xuebao/Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 11, (2004); 
Influence of Debris Flow on River Channel Change of Mountains, (2003); 
He, Yiping, Flume experiment on stream blockage by the debris flow from tributary, Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 37, SUPPL., pp. 64-70, (2005); 
Research on Debris Flow of China, (2004)
PUBLISHER: Taylor and Francis Ltd.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Pan, G., Tang, D.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Pan, Gang (56207282700); Tang, Danling (7401987278)
56207282700; 7401987278
Damage information derived from multi-sensor data of the Wenchuan Earthquake of May 2008
(2010) International Journal of Remote Sensing, 31 (13), pp. 3509 - 3519, Cited 28 times.
DOI: 10.1080/01431161003730865
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77954839224&doi=10.1080%2F01431161003730865&partnerID=40&md5=77bee200b4123f6d41713e2b3fc793e7

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Environmental Dynamics, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
ABSTRACT: The Wenchuan Earthquake of magnitude 8.0 struck Sichuan Province in southwest China on 12 May 2008. This paper presents an overview of the use of multisource satellite images in investigating the influence of this earthquake around the epicentral area. The results show the capability of remote sensing technique for damage detection in quake-hit areas. Optical satellite images (FORMOSAT-2 and Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER)) provide useful information, although rain and cloud limit the availability of satellite data. However, the Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) sensor provides information in all weather conditions. Combined optical satellite and SAR data have been used to assess the damage of earthquakes, including landslides, barrier lakes and collapsed buildings. From the interferogram of two phased array type L- band SAR (PALSAR)/Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS) images, more than 100 cm of ground displacement was found in Beichuan County, one of the worst-affected earthquake areas. These examples show the use of satellite images in post-disaster damage assessment and planning during the rescue operation soon after a major event such as the 12 May 2008 earthquake. © 2010 Taylor & Francis.
INDEX KEYWORDS: Damage detection; Remote sensing; Satellites; Space-based radar; Synthetic aperture radar; Advanced spaceborne thermal emission and reflection radiometer; Collapsed buildings; Damage assessments; Ground displacement; Optical satellite images; Optical satellites; Remote sensing techniques; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes; detection method; displacement; earthquake damage; hazard assessment; radar imagery; remote sensing; satellite data; satellite imagery; Sichuan earthquake 2008; synthetic aperture radar; Beichuan; China; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Atzori, Simone, Postseismic displacement of the 1999 Athens earthquake retrieved by the Differential Interferometry by Synthetic Aperture Radar time series, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 113, 9, (2008); 
Wenchuan Earthquake Disasters in Remote Sensing Monitoring and Damage Evaluation, (2008); 
Eos Transactions American Geophysical Union, (2008); 
Chern, Jeng Shing (Rock), Taiwan's second remote sensing satellite, Acta Astronautica, 63, 11-12, pp. 1305-1311, (2008); 
Colesanti, Carlo, Investigating landslides with space-borne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) interferometry, Engineering Geology, 88, 3-4, pp. 173-199, (2006); 
Satellite Records Change in Ionosphere Before Sichuan Quake, (2008); 
Differential Interferometry of Sichuan Earthquake, (2008); 
Ferretti, Alessandro, Nonlinear subsidence rate estimation using permanent scatterers in differential SAR interferometry, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 38, 5 I, pp. 2202-2212, (2000); 
Earthquake in China, (2008); 
Ito, Atsuyo, Issues in the implementation of the International Charter on Space and Major Disasters, Space Policy, 21, 2, pp. 141-149, (2005)
PUBLISHER: Taylor and Francis Ltd.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Ren, Z., Lin, A.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Ren, Zhikun (26321922800); Lin, Aiming (7402061915)
26321922800; 7402061915
Co-seismic landslides induced by the 2008 Wenchuan magnitude 8.0 Earthquake, as revealed by ALOS PRISM and AVNIR2 imagery data
(2010) International Journal of Remote Sensing, 31 (13), pp. 3479 - 3493, Cited 32 times.
DOI: 10.1080/01431161003727770
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77954837942&doi=10.1080%2F01431161003727770&partnerID=40&md5=33d133a301e42f097f9564c3149c8152

AFFILIATIONS: Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
ABSTRACT: The magnitude 8.0 Wenchuan Earthquake occurred on 12 May 2008 in Sichuan Province, China, resulting in numerous landslides along the marginal zone between the Tibetan Plateau and Sichuan Basin. We used Panchromatic Remote-sensing Instrument for Stereo Mapping (PRISM) and Advanced Visible and Near Infrared Radiometer type 2 (AVNIR 2) data from the Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS) and Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM) images acquired before and after the earthquake to identify co-seismic landslides. Interpretations of remote sensing images, combined with fieldwork, reveal that co-seismic landslides are mainly restricted to a corridor of, < 18 km in width about the co-seismic surface rupture zone along a length of. >285 km along pre-existing active faults of the Longmenshan Thrust Belt. The landslides mainly occurred upon steep slopes (dips of 30-75°). The distribution and topographic features of co-seismic landslides indicate a close relationship with seismic slip along the co-seismic surface rupture zone. The locations of landslides are controlled by the tectonic topography developed along pre-existing active faults of the Longmenshan Thrust Belt. Our results demonstrate that remote sensing techniques provide a powerful tool for identifying co-seismic landslides produced in intermountain regions by strong earthquakes. © 2010 Taylor & Francis.
INDEX KEYWORDS: Faulting; Image enhancement; Infrared devices; Landslides; Mapping; Prisms; Remote sensing; Advanced land observing satellites; Enhanced thematic mapper images; Remote sensing images; Remote sensing instruments; Remote sensing techniques; Topographic features; Visible and near infrared radiometers; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes; ALOS; AVNIR; coseismic process; data interpretation; earthquake magnitude; earthquake rupture; geological mapping; identification method; image processing; Landsat thematic mapper; landslide; remote sensing; satellite data; satellite imagery; Sichuan earthquake 2008; topographic mapping; China; Longmenshan Fault Zone; Qinghai-Xizang Plateau; Sichuan; Sichuan Basin; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Burbank, Douglas W., Bedrock incision, rock uplift and threshold hillslopes in the northwestern Himalayas, Nature, 379, 6565, pp. 505-510, (1996); 
Rupture Process of the 2008 Ms 8 0 Wenchuan Earthquake, (2008); 
Chen, Shefa, Emplacement of the Longmen Shan Thrust-Nappe Belt along the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, Journal of Structural Geology, 18, 4, pp. 413-430, (1996); 
Chuang, Shanchieh, Increase in basin sediment yield from landslides in storms following major seismic disturbance, Engineering Geology, 103, 1-2, pp. 59-65, (2009); 
Dadson, Simon J., Earthquake-triggered increase in sediment delivery from an active mountain belt, Geology, 32, 8, pp. 733-736, (2004); 
Das, Josodhir D., Satellite data in a rapid analysis of Kashmir earthquake (October 2005) triggered landslide pattern and river water turbidity in and around the epicentral region, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 28, 8, pp. 1835-1842, (2007); 
Seismology and Geology, (1994); 
Densmore, Alexander Logan, Active tectonics of the Beichuan and Pengguan faults at the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, Tectonics, 26, 4, (2007); 
Acta Geologica Sinica, (2008); 
Fu, Bihong, Spatial distribution of the surface rupture zone associated with the 2001 Ms 8.1 Central Kunlun earthquake, northern Tibet, revealed by satellite remote sensing data, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 24, 10, pp. 2191-2198, (2003)
PUBLISHER: Taylor and Francis Ltd.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zhang, W., Lin, J., Peng, J., Lu, Q.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhang, Wenjiang (54415154800); Lin, Jiayuan (56129616500); Peng, Jian (36663802100); Lu, Qifeng (15074079100)
54415154800; 56129616500; 36663802100; 15074079100
Estimating Wenchuan Earthquake induced landslides based on remote sensing
(2010) International Journal of Remote Sensing, 31 (13), pp. 3495 - 3508, Cited 65 times.
DOI: 10.1080/01431161003727630
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77954837412&doi=10.1080%2F01431161003727630&partnerID=40&md5=fc3d5ce63eb394eb7b1864465e3923cd

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China; National Satellite Meteorological Center Beijing, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: On 12 May 2008 the magnitude 8.0 Wenchuan Earthquake erupted on the eastern fringe of the Tibetan Plateau in China, triggering many landslides onto towns and villages, leading to substantial loss of life and damage to property and the infrastructure. Local characteristic cloudy weather posed serious difficulties upon regional remote observation for disaster rescue in the mountainous region. To overcome weather limits to remote sensing, the study advanced one quick methodology to extract primary regional landslides with 8-day Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and terrain slope information. The threshold of temporal NDVI jump (value of 0.4) was introduced to discriminate landslide induced sharp NDVI decline from seasonal variations of vegetation cover, while slope information can be used to further confirm land cover change caused by a landslide. The study indicated that the Wenchuan Earthquake induced about 170 km2 of landslides in the southern half of the Longmenshan Fault Zone, most of which was formerly covered by forest or shrub. An ecological restoration of the areas affected by landslides will therefore be quite difficult. In addition, the result emphasizes that regions with slopes over 15° are exposed to high landslide risk, which should be carefully taken into account for settlement and transportation planning. © 2010 Taylor & Francis.
INDEX KEYWORDS: Landslides; Radiometers; Remote sensing; Satellite imagery; Vegetation; Ecological restoration; Local characteristics; Longmenshan fault zone; Moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer; Mountainous regions; Normalized difference vegetation index; Transportation planning; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes; estimation method; land use change; landslide; MODIS; NDVI; remote sensing; seasonal variation; Sichuan earthquake 2008; threshold; vegetation cover; China; Longmenshan Fault Zone; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Buyantuyev, Alexander B., Effects of thematic resolution on landscape pattern analysis, Landscape Ecology, 22, 1, pp. 7-13, (2007); 
Canuti, Paolo, Integration of remote sensing techniques in different stages of landslide response, pp. 251-260, (2007); 
Cheng, Ke Sheng, Locating landslides using multi-temporal satellite images, Advances in Space Research, 33, 3, pp. 296-301, (2004); 
Farr, Thomas G., The shuttle radar topography mission, Reviews of Geophysics, 45, 2, (2007); 
Hervás, Javier, Monitoring landslides from optical remotely sensed imagery: The case history of Tessina landslide, Italy, Geomorphology, 54, 1-2, pp. 63-75, (2003); 
HONG, Yang, Use of satellite remote sensing data in the mapping of global landslide susceptibility, Natural Hazards, 43, 2, pp. 245-256, (2007); 
HONG, Yang, An experimental global prediction system for Rainfall-Triggered landslides using satellite remote sensing and geospatial datasets, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 45, 6, pp. 1671-1680, (2007); 
Huete, Alfredo Ramon, Overview of the radiometric and biophysical performance of the MODIS vegetation indices, Remote Sensing of Environment, 83, 1-2, pp. 195-213, (2002); 
Knapen, Anke, Landslides in a densely populated county at the footslopes of Mount Elgon (Uganda): Characteristics and causal factors, Geomorphology, 73, 1-2, pp. 149-165, (2006); 
Metternicht, Graciela I., Remote sensing of landslides: An analysis of the potential contribution to geo-spatial systems for hazard assessment in mountainous environments, Remote Sensing of Environment, 98, 2-3, pp. 284-303, (2005)
PUBLISHER: Taylor and Francis Ltd.
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Yu, J., Yong, P., Read, S., Brabhaharan, P., Foon, M.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Yu, Jiashun (55682109800); Yong, Philip (36082049000); Read, Stuart A.L. (7101661797); Brabhaharan, Pathmanathan (36081750800); Foon, Meng (36019949400)
55682109800; 36082049000; 7101661797; 36081750800; 36019949400
The Ms 8.0 wenchuan earthquake of 12 May 2008 reconnaissance report
(2010) Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering, 43 (1), pp. 41 - 83, Cited 14 times.
DOI: 10.5459/bnzsee.43.1.41-83
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77952023098&doi=10.5459%2Fbnzsee.43.1.41-83&partnerID=40&md5=fc986da5ba10f260d317b702198f100d

AFFILIATIONS: GNS Science, Lower Hutt, WGN, New Zealand; Clendon Burns and Park Consulting Engineers, Wellington, New Zealand; Opus Research, Wellington, New Zealand; Gisborne District Council, Gisborne, GIS, New Zealand
ABSTRACT: On 12 May 2008 at 2.28 pm Beijing Time, an Ms 8.0 earthquake occurred in the Wenchuan County of Sichuan province, China. The associated fault ruptured over 240 km on the ground surface. The resulting damage was very severe and widespread, with casualties of almost 70,000, another 18,000 missing and 370,000 injured. The New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering reconnaissance team observed the effects and the recovery from this massive earthquake. The team studied the damages caused to the natural and the built environment due to fault rupture, seismic shaking, huge landslides and rockfalls. Maximum shaking intensity of MM XI significantly exceeded design intensity of MM VII for the area. Earthquake induced landslides had a major and catastrophic impact on development and infrastructure in this earthquake. Site selection was demonstrated to be critical. Brittle or non-ductile and irregular buildings performed very poorly especially in a seismic overload situation. Well engineered structures and dams performed well. Lifeline facilities were severely damaged, which resulted in interruptions to key transportation routes, inhibited rescue and recovery operations.
INDEX KEYWORDS: Earthquake engineering; Earthquakes; Landslides; Rock bursts; Site selection; Transportation routes; Built environment; Earthquake-induced landslides; Engineered structures; Engineering reconnaissance; In-interruption; Irregular buildings; Sichuan province; Wenchuan Earthquake; Faulting
REFERENCES: Arne, Dennis C., Differential exhumation in response to episodic thrusting along the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, Tectonophysics, 280, 3-4, pp. 239-256, (1997); 
Journal of the School of Marine Science and Technology, (2009); 
Burchfiel, B. Clark, A geological and geophysical context for the Wenchuan earthquake of 12 May 2008, Sichuan, People's Republic of China, GSA Today, 18, 7, pp. 4-11, (2008); 
Presentation to United States Society on Dams Annual Meeting 20 24 April 2009 Nashville and World Bank Washington June 26 2009, (2009); 
Scientific Report, (2008); 
Dave S Landslide Blog, (2010); 
Dellow, Grant D., Preliminary reconnaissance report for the Kashmir earthquake of 8 October 2005, Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering, 40, 1, pp. 18-24, (2007); 
Eeri Special Earthquake Report, (2008); 
Guan, Zhicheng, Investigation of the 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake damages to the Zipingpu water control project and an assessment of its safety state, Science in China, Series E: Technological Sciences, 52, 4, pp. 820-834, (2009); 
Hancox, Graham T., Recent studies of historical earthquake-induced landsliding, ground damage, and MM intensity in New Zealand, Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering, 35, 2, pp. 59-95, (2002)
PUBLISHER: New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Chang, D.S., Zhang, L.M.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Chang, Dongsheng (36088467500); Zhang, Limin Min (58883008100)
36088467500; 58883008100
Simulation of the erosion process of landslide dams due to overtopping considering variations in soil erodibility along depth
(2010) Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 10 (4), pp. 933 - 946, Cited 220 times.
DOI: 10.5194/nhess-10-933-2010
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77952003176&doi=10.5194%2Fnhess-10-933-2010&partnerID=40&md5=7f846d9fa38504396ce27862968a741b

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
ABSTRACT: A landslide dam typically comprises freshly deposited heterogeneous, unconsolidated or poorly consolidated earth materials and is vulnerable to overtopping breaching. A physically-based breach model is presented to simulate the breaching process of such landslide dams. The new model can predict the breach evolution, the erosion rate, and the outflow hydrograph. A spreadsheet is developed to numerically implement the model. The erosion processes of Tangjiashan Landslide Dam and Xiaogangjian Landslide Dam induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake are analyzed using the new model. The erodibility of the two landslide dams varies significantly along depth. The predicted key breaching parameters (i.e., final breach size, failure time, and peak outflow rate) considering the variations in the soil erodibility along depth agree well with the observed values. Further sensitivity analysis indicates that the soil erodibility affects the breaching process of a landslide dam significantly. Higher soil erodibility will lead to a larger breach, a shorter failure time and a larger peak outflow rate. The erosion rate of the breach channel in the depth direction decreases with increasing erosion resistance of the landslide deposits. In the two case studies, the key breaching parameters cannot be properly predicted if constant soil erodibility parameters along depth are assumed. © Author(s) 2010.
INDEX KEYWORDS: dam; depth; erodibility; erosion rate; landslide; numerical model; overtopping; sensitivity analysis; Sichuan earthquake 2008; simulation; soil erosion; China
REFERENCES: Scour Technology Mechanics and Engineering Practice, (2006); 
Apel, Heiko, Flood risk assessment and associated uncertainty, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 4, 2, pp. 295-308, (2004); 
undefined, (1990); 
Casagli, Nicola, Determining grain size distribution of the material composing landslide dams in the Northern Apennines: Sampling and processing methods, Engineering Geology, 69, 1-2, pp. 83-97, (2003); 
Cencetti, Corrado, Some considerations about the simulation of breach channel erosion on landslide dams, Computational Geosciences, 10, 2, pp. 201-219, (2006); 
Landslides in Review, (2009); 
Floods from Dam Failures, (1985); 
Costa, John E., FORMATION AND FAILURE OF NATURAL DAMS., Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 100, 7, pp. 1054-1068, (1988); 
Crosta, Giovanni Battista, Fragmentation in the Val Pola rock avalanche, Italian Alps, Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 112, 1, (2007); 
Davies, Timothy R.H., Modeling Landslide Dambreak Flood Magnitudes: Case Study, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 133, 7, pp. 713-720, (2007)
PUBLISHER: European Geosciences Union
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Hu, Z., Ma, Y., Tan, D., Chen, P.-C., Li, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Hu, Zhixin (56225756000); Ma, Yunbin (44661572100); Tan, Dongjie (35111859800); Chen, Pengchao (58611542400); Li, Jun (57201409832)
56225756000; 44661572100; 35111859800; 58611542400; 57201409832
Oil pipeline sliding monitoring system based on fiber Bragg grating sensor
(2010) Guangzi Xuebao/Acta Photonica Sinica, 39 (1), pp. 33 - 36, Cited 11 times.
DOI: 10.3788/gzxb20103901.0033
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77951213263&doi=10.3788%2Fgzxb20103901.0033&partnerID=40&md5=56cb9572ebf3eaa317d2295f54a4df9a

AFFILIATIONS: School of Construction Machinery, Chang'an University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; PetroChina Pipeline R and D Center, Langfang, Hebei, China
ABSTRACT: In view of pipelines laid in landslide mass, a security monitoring system is proposed. A method for evaluating maximum strain value based on strains of three points on the pipeline is presented. Temperature compensated FBG strain sensors are used in monitoring the strains of pipeline. The strain data of pipeline measured by sensors after 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake is analyzed. The analysis results show that the earthquake has remarkable impact on landslide, which is proved by large displacement of shallow sliding plane. Strains of the pipeline increase obviously but the total value is less than pre-warning threshold, therefore, the pipeline is under security condition.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Erlangmiao landslide; Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG); Pipeline sliding monitoring; Pipeline strain
REFERENCES: Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument, (2001); 
Pipeline Technique and Equipment, (2000); 
Optical Fiber Gratings and Sensing Technology, (2007); 
Li, Yan, Interrogation technique for diametric load on fiber Bragg grating, Guangzi Xuebao/Acta Photonica Sinica, 37, 4, pp. 717-720, (2008); 
Li, Qingbin, Effect of the plastic coating on strain measurement of concrete by fiber optic sensor, Measurement: Journal of the International Measurement Confederation, 34, 3, pp. 215-227, (2003); 
Casas, Joan R., Fiber optic sensors for bridge monitoring, Journal of Bridge Engineering, 8, 6, pp. 362-373, (2003); 
Li, Hongnan Nanb, Recent applications of fiber optic sensors to health monitoring in civil engineering, Engineering Structures, 26, 11, pp. 1647-1657, (2004); 
Hu, Zhixin, A new type of fiber grating pressure sensing system with high accuracy, Guangzi Xuebao/Acta Photonica Sinica, 35, 5, pp. 709-711, (2006); 
Li, Qingbin, Calibration of embedded fiber optic sensor in concrete under biaxial compression, Measurement: Journal of the International Measurement Confederation, 35, 3, pp. 303-310, (2004); 
Hu, Zhixin, Method to eliminating the stress delay from fiber grating pressure sensors, Guangzi Xuebao/Acta Photonica Sinica, 35, 9, pp. 1329-1332, (2006)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wang, X., Nie, G., Wang, D.-W.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wang, Xiuying (55736957400); Nie, Gaozhong (8728895400); Wang, Dengwei (55846913400)
55736957400; 8728895400; 55846913400
Research on relationship between landslides and peak ground accelerations induced by wenchuan earthquake
(2010) Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 29 (1), pp. 82 - 89, Cited 52 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77349100890&partnerID=40&md5=1891955a17fd5509f4afc6cba51a5945

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Crustal Dynamics, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing, China; Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China; Xichang Seismic Station, Earthquake Administration of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Based on the data of strong motion records of the corresponding peak ground acceleration(PGA) and data collected from almost 3000 landslides induced by Wenchuan earthquake, the studies of earthquake-induced landslide and PGA are carried out and some conclusions are obtained as following: (1) There is a positive correlation between PGA and earthquake-induced landslides, and the higher the PGA is, the more serious the earthquake-induced landslides hazards are. (2) A 0.2 g PGA boundary is shown in the regional scale analysis in Longmenshan area; and earthquake-induced landslides hazards are more serious in the locations where PGAs are greater than this value. (3) The lower limit of PGA which can trigger landslides is 0.05-0.07 g, and there is rarely opportunity to induce landslides when PGA is less than this threshold. (4) Different critical accelerations are presented in different strata with the variation ranging from 0.05 g to 0.15 g; and the average PGA is about 0.1 g, which shows the slopes' proneness to earthquake excitation in the disaster areas. When PGA exceeds the critical acceleration of the local site, the probability to trigger landslide will increase. Results achieved from this study are in accord with results of other researchers, which gives a good consistency when earthquake-induced landslide is measured by ground motion parameters. The relationship between PGA and earthquake-induced landslide can be used to evaluate earthquake-induced landslides hazards quickly. Moreover, it can be applied to the work of earthquake- induced landslide forecasting or zonation, in which the achievement of PGA zonation can be adopted with the practical application.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Critical acceleration; Earthquake-induced landslide; Peak ground acceleration (PGA); Slope engineering; Triggered lower limit; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Critical acceleration; Lower limits; Peak ground acceleration; Slope engineering; Wenchuan Earthquake; Acceleration; Differential amplifiers; Earthquakes; Landslides; Programmed control systems; Safety engineering; Slope protection
REFERENCES: Journal of Engineering Geology, (2008); 
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences, (2008); 
Huang, Runqiu, Research on development and distribution rules of geohazards induced by Wenchuan earthquake on 12th May, 2008, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 27, 12, pp. 2585-2592, (2008); 
Liu, Chuanzheng, Disasters induced by the Wenchuan earthquakes, Sichuan, China, and geo-environmental safety, Geological Bulletin of China, 27, 11, pp. 1907-1912, (2008); 
Wu, Shuren, Analysis and evaluation of geohazard intensity of the Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China, Geological Bulletin of China, 27, 11, pp. 1900-1906, (2008); 
Northwestern Seismological Journal, (1994); 
Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, (1999); 
Chinese Journal of Geophysics, (1999); 
Earthquake Engineering, (2006); 
Acta Geophysica Sinica, (1957)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Chau, K.T.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Chau, Kam Tim (25951208700)
25951208700
Some geohazards associated with the 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake on May 12, 2008
(2009), pp. 65 - 72, Cited 0 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84859845332&partnerID=40&md5=a3128d1aa8edf548e4df53a5b96f2ac4

AFFILIATIONS: The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
ABSTRACT: The May 12, 2008 Great Wenchuan Earthquake has resulted in more than 69,227 deaths, 17,923 people are listed as missing, and 374,643 were injured (up to September 22, 2008). Along the Central Longmenshan fault, which generated this great earthquake, the earthquake intensity (also called macrointensity) at the towns of Yingxiu and Beichuan County (Qushan Town) is XI on Chinese Intensity Scale (similar to the MMI scale). The author of this paper made two separate excursions to the affected areas in Sichuan in May and in July and August. Inthis paper, some earthquake-induced geohazards willbesummarized, including the huge Niu-juan Gully rock avalanche at the epicenter, the Wangjiayan landslide and Jingjiashan rock avalanche at Qushan Town, the surface ruptures at Bailu, and Xiaoyudong. Discussions will be made on the geohazard-associated fatality and damages. The paper concludes with lessons learnt from these earthquake-induced-geohazards, including proper site-assessment before town planning. © 2009 Taylor & Francis Group.
INDEX KEYWORDS: Affected area; Earthquake intensity; Earthquake-induced geohazards; Geohazards; Great earthquake; Intensity scale; Rock avalanche; Sichuan; Surface ruptures; Town planning; Wenchuan Earthquake; Forecasting; Hazards; Earthquakes
REFERENCES: Open Channel Hydraulics, (1959); 
U S Geological Survey Professional Paper, (1964); 
Hsü, Kenneth Jinghwa, Catastrophic debris streams (sturzstroms) generated by rockfalls, Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 86, 1, pp. 129-140, (1975); 
Jibson, Randall W., Large rock avalanches triggered by the M 7.9 Denali Fault, Alaska, earthquake of 3 November 2002, Engineering Geology, 83, 1-3, pp. 144-160, (2006); 
Sosio, Rosanna, Complete dynamic modeling calibration for the Thurwieser rock avalanche (Italian Central Alps), Engineering Geology, 100, 1-2, pp. 11-26, (2008); 
Xiwei, Xu, The MS8.0 Wenchuan earthquake surface ruptures and its seismogenic structure, Dizhen Dizhi, 30, 3, pp. 597-629, (2008)
SPONSORS: Japanese Geotechnical Society (JGS), Kansai Branch of the JGS, TC34 of ISSMGE, TC34's supporting Committees of JGS, Commemorative Organization for the Japan World Exposition('70)
CONFERENCE NAME: International Symposium on Prediction and Simulation Methods for Geohazard Mitigation, IS-KYOTO 2009
CONFERENCE DATE: 2009-05-25 through 2009-05-27
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wang, Z., Cui, P., Wang, R.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wang, Zhaoyin (35486457100); Cui, Peng (56706923500); Wang, Ruiyu (56128472900)
35486457100; 56706923500; 56128472900
Mass movements triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake and management strategies of quake lakes
(2009) International Journal of River Basin Management, 7 (4), pp. 391 - 402, Cited 20 times.
DOI: 10.1080/15715124.2009.9635397
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77953897677&doi=10.1080%2F15715124.2009.9635397&partnerID=40&md5=2b79d18afb5ac24a40613d6d9fcb5d66

AFFILIATIONS: Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Institute of Mountain Disasters and Environment, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; The Grainger College of Engineering, Urbana, IL, United States
ABSTRACT: The Wenchuan earthquake on May 12, 2008 triggered numerous avalanches and landslides and created many quake lakes. This paper studies the stability of mass movement deposits and quake lakes and the relation of the mass movements and quake lakes with riverbed incision by field investigations, satellite images and data analysis. The mass movements induced by theWenchuan earthquake released different degrees of potential energy. Landslides which occurred within quaternary deposits released most of their energy and had the highest stability and safety post-event. The avalanche deposits along the Minjiang River had the lowest stability and are dangerous because the slopes are still steep. The essential cause of the mass movement was riverbed incision. From the viewpoint of river training and management, some landslides might be prevented if riverbed incision were controlled. Two strategies are applied to manage the quake lakes: (1) to preserve the quake lakes; and (2) to remove the quake lakes. The Tangjiashan quake lake water was drained out by scouring a spillway on the landslide dam from 740m elevation down to about 714m because there was a high risk of dam-break flooding, which endangered a million people in the downstream reaches, when 200 million m3 of water had stored in the lake. For quake lakes with low risk of dam failure, the preservation strategy was applied. The continuous rising of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau has resulted in continuous river-bed incision in most streams in the earthquake-hit area. In general, the morphological process of incised rivers goes through four stages: (1) rapid degradation; (2) degradation and widening; (3) widening and resiltation; and (4) equilibrium. Most of the rivers in the earthquake-hit area find themselves in Stage 2. The landslide dams and the quake lakes may form knickpoints on the stream bed profile; the slope below it is steep but the slope upstream is remarkably gentler, which prohibits rivers from incising over the length of the landslide mass and the reach upstream of the quake lakes. Preservation of the quake lakes may create high resistance to flow and change the stream from being in stage 2 into stage 3, thus reducing the mass movement potential in a future earthquake event. © 2009 IAHR, INBO & IAHS.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Avalanches and landslides; Management strategies; Quake lake; River-bed incision; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: avalanche; earthquake event; lake water; landslide; management practice; mass movement; river bed; satellite data; satellite imagery; Sichuan earthquake 2008; China; Qinghai-Xizang Plateau
REFERENCES: Athanasopoulos, G., Effects of surface topography on seismic ground response in the Egion (Greece) 15 June 1995 earthquake, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 18, 2, pp. 135-149, (1999); 
Successive Landslides Induced by River Incision in the Quaternary the Case of Gor Stream Guadix Basin Se Spain, (2004); 
Proceedings of the 10th European Conference on Earthquake Engineering, (1995); 
Becker, Julia S., Response to landslide dam failure emergencies: Issues resulting from the October 1999 Mount Adams landslide and dam-break flood in the Poerua River, Westland, New Zealand, Natural Hazards Review, 8, 2, pp. 35-42, (2007); 
Borcherdt Rd, EFFECTS OF LOCAL GEOLOGY ON GROUND MOTION NEAR SAN FRANCISCO RBAY, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 60, 1, pp. 29-61, (1970); 
Causes of Fluvial Terraces Inland and Its Implication, (2004); 
Finite Fault Model of the May 12 2008 Mw 7 9 Eastern Sichuan China Earthquake, (2008); 
Costa, John E., FORMATION AND FAILURE OF NATURAL DAMS., Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 100, 7, pp. 1054-1068, (1988); 
Dadson, Simon J., Links between erosion, runoff variability and seismicity in the Taiwan orogen, Nature, 426, 6967, pp. 648-651, (2003); 
Investigation of Sediment Erosion Induced by the May 12 Wenchuan Earthquake Symposium on Earthquake Induced Mountainous Hazards and Disaster Reduction, (2008)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Li, C.-A., Tan, B.-Y., Hu, X.W.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Li, Chaoan (35956421200); Tan, Bingyan (36054796800); Hu, Xiewen (7404709509)
35956421200; 36054796800; 7404709509
Analysis of highway damage in "5 · 12" Wenchuan earthquake and suggestion on countermeasures
(2009) Journal of Natural Disasters, 18 (6), pp. 97 - 103, Cited 2 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77951580025&partnerID=40&md5=0c56de8c470b7a23d32673f145cde56d

AFFILIATIONS: Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Institute of Geologic Hazard Prevention, Northwest Research Institute Co. Ltd of CREC, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: In "5 · 12" MS Wenchuan earthquake, the highway and relevant device in seismic zone were destroyed seriously and a total of 53295 km highway suffered damage. Utilizing field investigation data, the damage characteristics of the highway in high mountain gorge area were analyzed. There are two kinds of seismic damage; one is direct destructive mode of highway structure itself caused by seismic wave happening synchronousely with the earthquake , such as the distortion and destruction of road surfac, bridge and tunnel structure; the another is indirect destruction of the highway caused by seismic secondary disasters, such as landslide, avalanche, debris flow, etc. Based on analysis of the two destructive action, the suggestion for countermeasures against earthquake disaster of highway in high mountain gorge in seismic zone was presented from 5 aspects.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: "5 · 12"; Disaster prevention countermeasures; Highway damage; Post-earthquake field investigation; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: avalanche; debris flow; deformation; earthquake damage; earthquake magnitude; hazard assessment; landslide; mountain region; road; seismic response; seismic wave; seismic zone; Sichuan earthquake 2008; site investigation; structural response; wave propagation
REFERENCES: undefined, (2010); 
undefined, (2010); 
undefined, (2010); 
undefined, (2010); 
undefined, (2010); 
undefined, (2010); 
undefined, (2010); 
Parise, Mario, A seismic landslide susceptibility rating of geologic units based on analysis of characterstics of landslides triggered by the 17 January, 1994 Northridge, California earthquake, Engineering Geology, 58, 3-4, pp. 251-270, (2000); 
undefined, (2010); 
undefined, (2010)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Chen, X., You, Y., Cui, P., Liu, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Chen, Xingzhang (25623240400); You, Yong (35811595800); Cui, Peng (56706923500); Liu, Jinfeng (59454532200)
25623240400; 35811595800; 56706923500; 59454532200
Characteristics and risk analysis of Qinglin debris flow induced by "5.12" Wenchuan earthquake in Beichuan County, Sichuan, China
(2009) International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), 2, art. no. 5418101, pp. II408 - II411, Cited 3 times.
DOI: 10.1109/IGARSS.2009.5418101
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77951112258&doi=10.1109%2FIGARSS.2009.5418101&partnerID=40&md5=eaf44c1fce5b7e05b6caf8cc802ec9bb

AFFILIATIONS: School of Environment and Resource, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: "5.12" Wenchuan Earthquake occurred in western Sichuan, China on May 12, 2008. Many potential geo-hazards, induced by this earthquake, were developing. Qinglin gully had no recorders of debris flow before the earthquake and has been the most serious one after that. Based on field survey, we studied the characteristics of debris flow in Qinglin gully by using GIS technology. Results show that three large scale landslides with 0.76million m3, 0.94million m3 and 12million m3 in volume respectively, induced by the earthquake, were main sources of the debris flow. The debris flow, induced by intensive rainfall on 24 September 2008, was a large scale turbulent one. We analyzed the risk of Qinglin debris flow using the debris flow risk assessment model of momentum principle. Results illuminate that Qinglin gully has the characteristics of high frequency and large scale and severe risks after the earthquake. It was also found, even if vegetation was lush, big debris flows could occur due to background changing of disasters in quake-hit area. Consequently, the next researches should focus on potential debris flows, which is of great significance to post-disaster restoration and reconstruction. ©2009 IEEE.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: "5.12" Wenchuan earthquake; GIS technology; Potential debris flow; Risk analysis
INDEX KEYWORDS: Debris flows; Field surveys; GIS technology; High frequency; Intensive rainfall; Large-scale landslides; Potential debris flow; Sichuan , China; Wenchuan Earthquake; Western Sichuan; Debris; Earthquakes; Geographic information systems; Geology; Remote sensing; Risk analysis; Risk management; Safety factor; Risk assessment
REFERENCES: Journal of Mountain Science, (2008); 
Cui, Peng, Relationships between antecedent rainfall and debris flows in Jiangjia Ravine, China, International Conference on Debris-Flow Hazards Mitigation: Mechanics, Prediction, and Assessment, Proceedings, pp. 3-10, (2007); 
Chen, Xiaoqing, Optimal timing for the control of debris flow in Wenchuan Earthquake area, Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 41, 3, pp. 125-130, (2009); 
Rickenman, Dieter, Empirical relationships for debris flows, Natural Hazards, 19, 1, pp. 47-77, (1999); 
Journal of Natural Disasters, (1993); 
Chinese Science Bulletin, (2003); 
Lin, Pingsien, Assessing debris-flow hazard in a watershed in Taiwan, Engineering Geology, 66, 3-4, pp. 295-313, (2002); 
Zhuang, Jianqi, Hazard assessment of debris flow valleys along Dujiangyan-Wenchuan highway after '5·12' Wenchuan devastating earthquake, Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 41, 3, pp. 131-139, (2009); 
Jakob, Matthias, A size classification for debris flows, Engineering Geology, 79, 3-4, pp. 151-161, (2005); 
Proceedings of the Second Chinese Conference on Debris Flow, (1991)
SPONSORS: The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Geoscience and Remote Sensing Society
CONFERENCE NAME: 2009 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, IGARSS 2009
CONFERENCE DATE: 2009-07-12 through 2009-07-17
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Shao, Y., Wang, S., Tian, W., Gong, H., Zhang, F.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Shao, Yun (7201598892); Wang, Shiang (34882511900); Tian, Wei (57199662993); Gong, Huaze (24080345500); Zhang, Fengli (55702260900)
7201598892; 34882511900; 57199662993; 24080345500; 55702260900
Fast extracting and change detection of dammed lakes using high-resolution SAR images: A case study of Tangjiashan Dammed Lake
(2009) International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), 2, art. no. 5418084, pp. II349 - II352, Cited 8 times.
DOI: 10.1109/IGARSS.2009.5418084
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77951111069&doi=10.1109%2FIGARSS.2009.5418084&partnerID=40&md5=db5f41f11bc226a957035e4baf7faad0

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Remote Sensing Application Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Wenchuan Earthquake has caused many huge landslides in the rivers in Sichuan Province. Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) technology played an irreplaceable role in rapid response to Wenchuan Earthquake monitoring and damage assessment. In this paper, Tangjiashan Dammed Lake was taken as a case study area for fast extracting and change detection with continuously acquired multi-temporal highresolution SAR images. By June 12, 2008, we had identified dozens of dammed lakes in the area heavily affected by the Wenchuan Earthquake using high-resolution SAR images. In order to make a scientific evaluation of the disaster situation and provide efficient and instantaneous rescue action in the future, an effective method was developed for rapid extraction and change detection of dammed lakes. ©2009 IEEE.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Change detection; Fast extracting; High-resolution SAR; Tangjiashan Dammed Lake; Wenchuan Earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Change detection; Damage assessments; Fast extracting; High-resolution SAR; Multi-temporal; Rapid extraction; Rapid response; Sichuan province; Study areas; Wenchuan Earthquake; Damage detection; Earthquakes; Geology; Image processing; Imaging systems; Lakes; Remote sensing; Signal detection; Synthetic aperture radar
REFERENCES: Radar for Earth Obersavation Theory and Applications M, (2000); 
Radar Remote Sensing Applications in China, (2001); 
Compilation of China Natural Geography, (1984); 
Chang, Dongxia, A genetic algorithm with gene rearrangement for K-means clustering, Pattern Recognition, 42, 7, pp. 1210-1222, (2009); 
2009 Urban Remote Sensing Joint Event, (2009)
SPONSORS: The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Geoscience and Remote Sensing Society
CONFERENCE NAME: 2009 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, IGARSS 2009
CONFERENCE DATE: 2009-07-12 through 2009-07-17
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Jiang, K., Wang, C., Zhang, H., Chen, W., Zhang, B., Tang, Y., Wu, F.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Jiang, Kai (57197772474); Wang, Chao (55141316100); Zhang, Hong (56179236500); Chen, Wei (37051854800); Zhang, Bo (57199725987); Tang, Yixian (7404592033); Wu, Fan (57104120200)
57197772474; 55141316100; 56179236500; 37051854800; 57199725987; 7404592033; 57104120200
Damage analysis of 2008 Wenchuan earthquake using SAR images
(2009) International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), 5, art. no. 5417722, pp. V108 - V111, Cited 11 times.
DOI: 10.1109/IGARSS.2009.5417722
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77950955095&doi=10.1109%2FIGARSS.2009.5417722&partnerID=40&md5=46236b3d120ac197c47f3eba088b30b2

AFFILIATIONS: East China Research Institute of Electronic Engineering, Hefei, Anhui, China; Center for Earth Observation and Digital Earth, Haidian, Beijing, China; Southwest Petroleum University China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: On May 12, 2008, Wenchuan earthquake (Ms 8.0) occurred in Sichuan, Southwestern China. This catastrophe caused severe damage of constructions in urban and rural areas, and fundamental infrastructure, such as those facilities of factories, electrical power, telecommunication and transportation, etc. The earthquake also resulted in many geological phenomena, i.e. landslide, debris flow, landslide lakes, etc. which also triggered off damage and threat. The airborne campaigns were performed after the earthquake with high-resolution SAR system for rescue and relief effort and damage assessment. In this study, damage of various facilities was described and analyzed using airborne SAR images acquired during the campaigns. The results were verified with ground truth investigation. The results showed the role of SAR data in earthquake damage assessment. ©2009 IEEE.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Airborne; Field validation; High resolution; Interpretation; Multi-band; SAR
INDEX KEYWORDS: Airborne SAR; Damage analysis; Damage assessments; Debris flows; Earthquake damages; Electrical power; Field validation; Ground truth; High resolution; High-resolution SAR; Multiband; Relief efforts; SAR data; SAR Images; Sichuan; Urban and rural areas; Wenchuan Earthquake; Debris; Earthquakes; Geology; Landslides; Remote sensing; Rural areas; Damage detection
REFERENCES: Wang, Chao, Disaster phenomena of Wenchuan earthquake in high resolution airborne synthetic aperture radar images, Journal of Applied Remote Sensing, 3, 1, (2009); 
Wang, Xiaoqing, Primary quantitative study on earthquake damage extracted from remote sensing imagery - A case study of doujiangyan due to the Wenchuan M8. 0 earthquake, Earthquake, 29, 1, pp. 174-181, (2009); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2008)
SPONSORS: The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Geoscience and Remote Sensing Society
CONFERENCE NAME: 2009 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, IGARSS 2009
CONFERENCE DATE: 2009-07-12 through 2009-07-17
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Su, F.H., Cui, P.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Su, Fenghuan (14033176000); Cui, Peng (56706923500)
14033176000; 56706923500
GIS-based susceptibility mapping and zonation of debris flows caused by Wenchuan earthquake
(2009), art. no. 5364077, Cited 1 times.
DOI: 10.1109/ICIECS.2009.5364077
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77949677128&doi=10.1109%2FICIECS.2009.5364077&partnerID=40&md5=2ef707c9d4b490fd97bfadba9c65ef24

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Debris flow susceptibility zonation (DBSZ) is necessary for disaster management and planning development activities in mountainous regions. This paper presents the results of a pilot study for assessing debris-flow hazards using geographic information system (GIS) techniques. The debris flow caused by earthquake in Wenchuan County was identified on the basis of remote sensing images interpretation and field investigation. In this paper, the debris flow nominal susceptibility factor method has been applied for DBSZ mapping in Wenchuan county. Relevant thematic maps representing various factors (e.g., lithology, fracture belts, earthquake magnitude, slope, aspect, relative relief, form factor, drainage areas) that are related to debris flow activity, have been generated using remote sensing and GIS techniques. The debris-flow susceptibility index of these factors above is calculated. The overall debris-flow hazard at a particular watershed may be assessed according to all DH indexes. They are classified as the very high, high, moderate and low hazard zones. ©2009 IEEE.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flow; GIS; Remote sensing; Suscepbility zonation
INDEX KEYWORDS: Debris flow; Debris flows; Development activity; Disaster management; Drainage area; Earthquake magnitudes; Field investigation; Form factors; Hazard zones; Mountainous regions; Pilot studies; Remote sensing and GIS; Remote sensing images; Susceptibility mapping; Thematic maps; Wenchuan Earthquake; Approximation theory; Computer science; Disaster prevention; Earthquakes; Geographic information systems; Image reconstruction; Lithology; Maps; Planning; Remote sensing; Debris
REFERENCES: Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences, (2008); 
Geomorphology, (2007); 
Davis, John C., Two models for evaluating landslide hazards, Computers and Geosciences, 32, 8, pp. 1120-1127, (2006); 
Guzzetti, Fausto, Estimating the quality of landslide susceptibility models, Geomorphology, 81, 1-2, pp. 166-184, (2006); 
Wei, Fangqiang, Method and its application of the momentum model for debris flow risk zoning, Chinese Science Bulletin, 48, 6, pp. 594-598, (2003); 
Journal of Catastrophology, (2005); 
Gupta, Ravi Prakash, Landslide hazard zoning using the GIS approach-A case study from the Ramganga catchment, Himalayas, Engineering Geology, 28, 1-2, pp. 119-131, (1990); 
Saha, Ashis Kumar, An approach for GIS-based statistical landslide susceptibility zonation-with a case study in the Himalayas, Landslides, 2, 1, pp. 61-69, (2005); 
Lu, Phillip Feng, A metric for spatial data layers in favorability mapping for geological events, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 37, 3 I, pp. 1194-1198, (1999)
SPONSORS: Wuhan University, Huazhong Normal University, Wuhan University of Technology, National Technology University of Ukraine, Columbia University
CONFERENCE NAME: 2009 International Conference on Information Engineering and Computer Science, ICIECS 2009
CONFERENCE DATE: 2009-12-19 through 2009-12-20
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Tang, A., Cao, H.-J., Cui, Y.-P., Wang, L.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Tang, Aiping (7201843890); Cao, Haijie (35336148700); Cui, Yuping (35298901000); Wang, Lianfa (35301124700)
7201843890; 35336148700; 35298901000; 35301124700
Geotechnical disasters and Seismic performance of lifeline systems during May 12th, 2008, Wenchuan earthquake
(2009) Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology (New Series), 16 (SUPPL. 1), pp. 180 - 185, Cited 0 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-74049154823&partnerID=40&md5=f2802bef8cbb1f36ca9fbb560206293c

AFFILIATIONS: School of Civil Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China; Yantai Design and Research Co., Shandong Gold Products Corporation, Yantai, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Earthquake Engineering and Structural Retrofit, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: This paper gives a brief description of the relationship of geotechnical disasters and damage to the lifeline systems in the Wenchuan county, Sichuan province due to the strong earthquake invading (M=8.0) on May 12, 2008. Site investigation of geotechnical disaster and earthquake damage of main lifeline systems near the epicentre and main active seismic fault zone was conducted, and results were summarized as: (1) lifeline systems malfunction or completely failure is mainly attributed to geotechnical disasters. landslide, sink, debris and collapse are the important factors to damage the transportation and water-supply systems; (2) the intensive faulting movement was irresistible to the power-supply system, the pipeline system, bridge, highway, dam; (3) Seismic performance of some of lifeline systems under secondary disasters induced by geotechnical disasters, though elements of lifeline systems didn't occure any structure damage. (4) The damage of some elements of lifeline systems was affected by the site amplification of ground shaking and liquefaction due to poor local ground condition or landform. The investigation indicates that the high damage ratio of lifeline systems was found where geotechnical disasters are heavy. Some fitting designs of lifeline system have better earthquake resistance. This investigation also shows that reasonable site-selection is the most important step to mitigate the seismic risk or reduce seismic hazard in a great degree.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Geotechnical disaster; Lifeline system; Seismic performance; Site effect; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Geotechnical; Geotechnical disaster; Seismic Performance; Site effects; Wenchuan Earthquake; Amplification; Debris; Disasters; Electric power systems; Public utilities; Risk assessment; Seismic design; Seismic waves; Site selection; Water supply; Earthquakes
REFERENCES: Loss assessment of Wenchuan Earthquake, 28, 5, pp. 10-19; 
Acta Geoscientica Sinica, (2008); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2009); 
Li, Xiaojun, Strong motion observations and recordings from the great Wenchuan Earthquake, Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, 7, 3, pp. 235-246, (2008); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2008); 
Symposium of Earthquake Damage of Hydropower Engineering in Wenchuan Earthquake, (2008); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2008)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Cheng, S., Kong, J., Song, H.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Cheng, Song (7404685011); Kong, Jiming (55793897000); Song, Hongtao (57199094927)
7404685011; 55793897000; 57199094927
Wenchuan 512 earthquake and giant panda habitat in Wolong, China: A review of strong earthquake effects
(2009) Frontiers of Forestry in China, 4 (4), pp. 388 - 393, Cited 10 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11461-009-0071-x
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-70450207093&doi=10.1007%2Fs11461-009-0071-x&partnerID=40&md5=e1a6d8f056d3e9059f649c942b607af9

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: In May 12, 2008, a strong earthquake occurred in Wenchuan County in the northern Sichuan Province of China. It registered 8. 0 on the Richter scale with an 11-degree quake intensity, killing a large number of people, and causing extensive damage to the local environment. Wolong National Nature Reserve is about 30 km away from the epicenter and is one of the most important giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) habitats in China. Based on the impacts of the Wenchuan 512 earthquake and those of other strong earthquakes in the world, this paper reviews and discusses effects of strong earthquakes on geomorphology, soil chemical and physical properties, forests, bamboo growth, biodiversity, and giant panda habitat. This information may be useful for scientists when undertaking research projects on natural geography, ecological restoration, and habitat restoration in the Reserve and the disaster area. © 2009 Higher Education Press and Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: China; Ecological restoration; Environmental change; Giant panda habitat; Wenchuan earthquake; Wolong National Nature Reserve
INDEX KEYWORDS: Ailuropoda; Ailuropoda melanoleuca
REFERENCES: Allen, Robert B., Immediate damage by an earthquake to a temperate montane forest, Ecology, 80, 2, pp. 708-714, (1999); 
Briggs, Susan Miller, Earthquakes, Surgical Clinics of North America, 86, 3, pp. 537-544, (2006); 
Gradients in A Tropical Mountain Ecosystem of Ecuador, (2008); 
Sichuan Giant Panda Sanctuary, (2002); 
Assessment of the Disaster Areas Caused by the Wenchuan 512 Earthquake China, (2008); 
Chou, Wen Chieh, Vegetation recovery patterns assessment at landslides caused by catastrophic earthquake: A case study in central Taiwan, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 152, 1-4, pp. 245-257, (2009); 
Claesson, Lillemor, Hydrogeochemical changes before and after a major earthquake, Geology, 32, 8, pp. 641-644, (2004); 
Dalling, James William, An experimental study of regeneration on landslides in montane rain forest in Jamaica, Journal of Ecology, 83, 1, pp. 55-64, (1995); 
Fukuzawa, Karibu, Vertical distribution and seasonal pattern of fine-root dynamics in a cool-temperate forest in northern Japan: Implication of the understory vegetation, Sasa dwarf bamboo, Ecological Research, 22, 3, pp. 485-495, (2007); 
Garwood, Nancy C., Earthquake-caused landslides: A major disturbance to tropical forests, Science, 205, 4410, pp. 997-999, (1979)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Review
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Li, S., Hua, H.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Li, Song (55741079100); Hua, Houqianga (35199877100)
55741079100; 35199877100
Automatic recognition of landslides based on change detection
(2009) Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, 7384, art. no. 73842E, Cited 6 times.
DOI: 10.1117/12.836109
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-70449866867&doi=10.1117%2F12.836109&partnerID=40&md5=2a7e6008b6cdfce91326e5dc6f85a577

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Remote Sensing Application Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Demonstration Center for Spaceborne Remote Sensing, National Space Administration, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: After Wenchuan earthquake disaster, landslide disaster becomes a common concern, and remote sensing becomes more and more important in the application of landslide monitoring. Now, the method of interpretation and recognition for landslides using remote sensing is visual interpretation mostly. Automatic recognition of landslide is a new and difficult but significative job. For the purpose of seeking a more effective method to recognize landslide automatically, this project analyzes the current methods for the recognition of landslide disasters, and their applicability to the practice of landslide monitoring. Landslide is a phenomenon and disaster triggered by natural and artificial reasons that a part of slope comprised of rock, soil and other fragmental materials slide alone a certain weak structural surface under the gravitation. Consequently, according to the geo-science principle of landslide, there is an obvious change in the sliding region between the pre-landslide and post-landslide, and it can be described in remote sensing imagery, so we develop the new approach to identify landslides, which uses change detection based on texture analysis in multi-temporal imageries. Preprocessing the remote sensing data including the following aspects of image enhancement and filtering, smoothing and cutting, image mosaics, registration and merge, geometric correction and radiation calibration, this paper does change detection base on texture characteristics in multi-temporal images to recognize landslide automatically. After change detection of multi-temporal remote sensing images based on texture analysis, if there is no change in remote sensing image, the image detected is relatively homogeneous, the image detected shows some clustering characteristics; if there is part change in image, the image detected will show two or more clustering centers; if there is complete change in remote sensing image, the image detected will show disorderly and unsystematic. At last, this paper takes some landslides at the Parry Lake as a case to implement the effectiveness of the new method in the application of landslide identification, which takes SPOT-5(Oct 10, 2003) and ALOS-AVNIR2(Sep 19, 2007) as the respective data sources of pre-landslide and post-landslide. The result shows that the method based on change detection is available of landslide information in arid area and other area where there is not obvious spectral difference between landslide mass and the background. Certainly, it will be more available of such area where there is obvious spectrum difference between landslide region and the background. © 2009 SPIE.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Automatic recognition; Change detection; Landslide; Multi-temporal; Remotely-sensed imagery
INDEX KEYWORDS: Arid area; Automatic recognition; AVNIR-2; Change detection; Clustering centers; Data source; Geometric correction; Image mosaic; Landslide identification; Landslide mass; Landslide monitoring; Multi-temporal; Multi-temporal image; Multi-temporal remote sensing; New approaches; Radiation calibration; Remote sensing data; Remote sensing imagery; Remote sensing images; Spectral differences; Structural surfaces; Texture analysis; Texture characteristics; Visual interpretation; Wenchuan Earthquake; Arid regions; Cluster analysis; Detectors; Image enhancement; Image reconstruction; Remote sensing; Signal detection; Textures; Landslides
REFERENCES: Acta Geodaetica Et Cartographica Sinica, (2007); 
Research of Soil and Water Conservation, (2006); 
Chinese J Eng Geophysics, (2007); 
Lin, Wentzu, Vegetation recovery monitoring and assessment at landslides caused by earthquake in Central Taiwan, Forest Ecology and Management, 210, 1-3, pp. 55-66, (2005); 
Hervás, Javier, Monitoring landslides from optical remotely sensed imagery: The case history of Tessina landslide, Italy, Geomorphology, 54, 1-2, pp. 63-75, (2003); 
A Dictionary of Modern Geography, (1990); 
Landslidologies, (2000); 
Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control, (2004); 
Singh, Ashbindu, Review Articlel: Digital change detection techniques using remotely-sensed data, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 10, 6, pp. 989-1003, (1989); 
Lu, Dengsheng, Change detection techniques, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 25, 12, pp. 2365-2401, (2004)
SPONSORS: Photoelectric Technology Professional Committee, Chinese Society of Astronautics
CONFERENCE NAME: International Symposium on Photoelectronic Detection and Imaging 2009: Advances in Imaging Detectors and Applications
CONFERENCE DATE: 2009-06-17 through 2009-06-19
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Yashinsky, M.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Yashinsky, Mark (6602927528)
6602927528
Performance of highway structures during the may 12, 2008 Wenchuan, China earthquake
(2009), 357, pp. 127, Cited 2 times.
DOI: 10.1061/41050(357)127
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-70449711014&doi=10.1061%2F41050%28357%29127&partnerID=40&md5=1d7dc0c4f87fbcf140eedef4aba28609

AFFILIATIONS: California Department of Transportation, Sacramento, CA, United States
ABSTRACT: The Wenchuan Earthquake occurred in a mountainous region where landslides caused damage to many highway and railway lines. Heavy rains and aftershocks made matters worse. Bridges in the area hadn't been adequately designed for earthquakes, resulting in the loss of many river crossings. Surface faulting also damaged roads and bridges. Damage to the transportation system had a negative impact on rescue and recovery operations. Approximately 30,000 miles of roads and railways, 1,000 bridges, 100 tunnels, and many miles of retaining structures were damaged. Losses to the transportation sector exceeded $10 billion. © 2009 ASCE.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: China; Earthquakes; Highway and road structures; Landslides; Sacramento
INDEX KEYWORDS: Heavy rains; Highway and road structures; Highway structures; Mountainous regions; Negative impacts; Railway line; Retaining structure; River crossings; Road structures; Roads and bridges; Transportation sector; Transportation system; Wenchuan Earthquake; Civil engineering; Earthquakes; Engineering geology; Landslides; Railroads; Roads and streets; Highway bridges
CONFERENCE NAME: 2009 ASCE Technical Council on Lifeline Earthquake Engineering Conference, TCLEE 2009: Lifeline Earthquake Engineering in a Multihazard Environment
CONFERENCE DATE: 2009-06-28 through 2009-07-01
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Edwards, C.L.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Edwards, Curtis L. (7403062102)
7403062102
Emergency response and recovery after the may 12, 2008 Wenchuan earthquake
(2009), 357, pp. 126, Cited 1 times.
DOI: 10.1061/41050(357)126
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-70449707391&doi=10.1061%2F41050%28357%29126&partnerID=40&md5=109067c0b722fc25a2f7db0db68aba83

AFFILIATIONS: Psomas, San Diego, CA, United States
ABSTRACT: This paper covers the various hindrances to emergency response efforts after the May 12, 2008 Wenchuan China Earthquake. Hundreds of landslides blocked roads, destroyed bridges and flooding restricted travel in and out of the affected areas. This isolated numerous towns and cities hindering emergency response efforts. This paper examines how the Chinese government overcame these difficulties to rescue injured citizens, provide relief supplies, provide temporary housing, and general restoration of normal services. © 2009 ASCE.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: China; Earthquakes; Emergency services; Landslides
INDEX KEYWORDS: Affected area; Chinese Government; Emergency response; Emergency service; Emergency services; Wenchuan Earthquake; Civil engineering; Engineering geology; Landslides; Earthquakes
CONFERENCE NAME: 2009 ASCE Technical Council on Lifeline Earthquake Engineering Conference, TCLEE 2009: Lifeline Earthquake Engineering in a Multihazard Environment
CONFERENCE DATE: 2009-06-28 through 2009-07-01
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Yang, W.-N., Hu, G.-C., Liu, H., Peng, L.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Yang, Wunian (7407756597); Hu, Guochao (35191894600); Liu, Hanhu (9240308700); Peng, Li (59820663600)
7407756597; 35191894600; 9240308700; 59820663600
New site selection for the immigrant transit of the post- disasterreconstruction of wenchuan earthquake region
(2009) Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, 7471, art. no. 747107, Cited 3 times.
DOI: 10.1117/12.836342
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-70449578421&doi=10.1117%2F12.836342&partnerID=40&md5=a39df9de6da8ebcea06eadfc70b8bc42

AFFILIATIONS: State key Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Geo-Hazard Prevention and Earth Environment Protection, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: The strong earthquake struck on 12 May 2008 destroyed numerous houses in Wenchuan, Sichuan, China. This earthquake escalated the scale of existing geological disasters, undermined the stability of earthquake-prone zones, and triggered landslides and many other hidden disasters. In addition, many aftershocks and heavy rainfalls have prompted secondary disasters and consequently, the actual damages have been doubled in terms of scale and magnitude. Since some regions there are no longer appropriate for people to live, temporary housing and post-disaster reconstruction are badly needed. Recent advances in remote sensing and geospatial technologies have promoted their successful applications in siting engineering. Because of different research backgrounds, geological disasters and vegetation density were rarely incorporated as primary parameters for siting assessment. Based on the principles of avoiding active faults and encouraging synthetic prevention of geological disasters, we performed a locating analysis using part of the Wenchuan County as a case. Six major parameters were used to build a siting model, including geological disasters, vegetation index, stream systems, faults, terrain slope, and elevation. The results show that the proposed method can provide useful information for decision-making in the selection of temporary housing and post-disaster reconstruction. © 2009 SPIE.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Earthquake; Geological disasters; Remote sensing; Spatial analysis
INDEX KEYWORDS: Active fault; Geological disaster; Geological disasters; Geospatial technology; Heavy rainfall; Primary parameters; Sichuan , China; Siting models; Spatial analysis; Terrain slope; Vegetation density; Vegetation index; Wenchuan Earthquake; Disasters; Earthquakes; Housing; Observatories; Remote sensing; Site selection; Vegetation; Disaster prevention
REFERENCES: Research of the Method of Immigration Location in Xinping County, (2007); 
Gao, Jinsong, Implementation of site locating strategies based on RS and GIS, Wuhan Daxue Xuebao (Xinxi Kexue Ban)/Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, 30, 9, pp. 778-781, (2005); 
Earth Science Progress, (2008); 
Journal of Northwestern Polytechnical University, (2001); 
Yang, Wunian, Digital processing and information extraction of the SPOT, ERS-SAR, Radarsat and Landsat TM images for geological hazard in the Yangtze Three Gorges Project Region, China, Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition), 79, 3, pp. 423-430, (2005); 
Research and Detect on Geological Disasters to the Upriver of Jin Sha Jiang by Remote Sensing and GIS, (2007); 
Estimation of Landslide Hazard Based on Rs and GIS Technology, (2006); 
Advances in Remote Sensing Science, (2007); 
Yang, Wunian, Digital processing and information extraction of multi-type and multi-temporal remote sensing images for geological hazard in the Yangtze Three Gorges Project Region, China, Journal of the Chengdu Institute of Technology, 30, 4, pp. 378-385, (2003)
SPONSORS: International Society of Photogrammetry, and Remote Sensing (ISPRS), International Cartographic Association (ICA), International Association of Geodesy (IAG), International Society for Digital Earth (ISDE)
CONFERENCE NAME: 2nd International Conference on Earth Observation for Global Changes
CONFERENCE DATE: 2009-05-25 through 2009-05-29
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zhang, B., Lei, L., Zhang, L., Liu, L., Zhu, B., Zuo, Z.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhang, Bing (8835983800); Lei, Liping (57203377707); Zhang, Li (58853352100); Liu, Liangyun (8600097300); Zhu, Boqin (59122327600); Zuo, Zhengli (15129287700)
8835983800; 57203377707; 58853352100; 8600097300; 59122327600; 15129287700
Application of optical remote sensing in the wenchuan earthquake assessment
(2009) Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, 7471, art. no. 74711G, Cited 2 times.
DOI: 10.1117/12.836318
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-70449555307&doi=10.1117%2F12.836318&partnerID=40&md5=4eb6f2d2b5c36aeadcc86df0bd4942cc

AFFILIATIONS: Center for Earth Observation and Digital Earth, Haidian, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: A mega-earthquake of magnitude 8 of Richter scale occurred in Wenchuan County, Sichuan Province, China on May 12, 2008. The earthquake inflicted heavy loss of human lives and properties. The Wenchuan earthquake induced geological disasters, house collapse, and road blockage. In this paper, we demonstrate an application of optical remote sensing images acquired from airborne and satellite platforms in assessing the earthquake damages. The high-resolution airborne images were acquired by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). The pre- and post-earthquake satellite images of QuickBird, IKONOS, Landsat TM, ALOS, and SPOT were collected by the Center for Earth Observation and Digital Earth (CEODE), CAS, and some of the satellite data were provided by the United States, Japan, and the European Space Agency. The pre- and post-earthquake remote sensing images integrated with DEM and GIS data were adopted to monitor and analyze various earthquake disasters, such as road blockage, house collapse, landslides, avalanches, rock debris flows, and barrier lakes. The results showed that airborne optical images provide a convenient tool for quick and timely monitoring and assessing of the distribution and dynamic changes of the disasters over the earthquake-struck regions. In addition, our study showed that the optical remote sensing data integrated with GIS data can be used to assess disaster conditions such as damaged farmlands, soil erosion, etc, which in turn provides useful information for the postdisaster reconstruction. © 2009 SPIE.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Disaster; Monitoring; Optical remote sensing; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Airborne images; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Debris flows; Digital Earth; Dynamic changes; Earth observations; Earthquake damages; Earthquake disaster; European Space Agency; Geological disaster; GIS data; High resolution; Human lives; LANDSAT TM; Optical image; Optical remote sensing; Optical remote sensing data; Quickbird; Remote sensing images; Richter scale; Road blockage; Satellite data; Satellite images; Satellite platforms; Sichuan province; Soil erosion; Wenchuan earthquake; Debris; Disasters; Earth (planet); Erosion; Geographic information systems; Geometrical optics; Image reconstruction; Observatories; Remote sensing; Roads and streets; Satellites; Societies and institutions; Space applications; Space optics; Earthquakes
REFERENCES: Bessis, J. L., Three typical examples of activation of the International Charter "space and major disasters, Advances in Space Research, 33, 3, pp. 244-248, (2004); 
22nd Asian Conference on Remote Sensing, (2001); 
Saito, Keiko, Using High-Resolution Satellite Images for Post-Earthquake Building Damage Assessment: A Study Following the 26 January 2001 Gujarat Earthquake, Earthquake Spectra, 20, 1, pp. 145-169, (2004); 
Remote Sensing for Land Resources, (1993); 
Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Natural Hazard Management the Mount Mangart Landslide Case Study, (2006); 
Proc Japan Society of Civil Engineers 682 I 56, (2001); 
McKillop, Robin J., Statistical, remote sensing-based approach for estimating the probability of catastrophic drainage from moraine-dammed lakes in southwestern British Columbia, Global and Planetary Change, 56, 1-2, pp. 153-171, (2007); 
Agriculture Handbook, (1997); 
Journal of Applied Remote Sensing Accepted, (2009); 
Ermini, Leonardo, Prediction of the behaviour of landslide dams using a geomorphological dimensionless index, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 28, 1, pp. 31-47, (2003)
SPONSORS: International Society of Photogrammetry, and Remote Sensing (ISPRS), International Cartographic Association (ICA), International Association of Geodesy (IAG), International Society for Digital Earth (ISDE)
CONFERENCE NAME: 2nd International Conference on Earth Observation for Global Changes
CONFERENCE DATE: 2009-05-25 through 2009-05-29
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Dai, J., Xue, C.-S., Zhang, S.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Dai, Juan (55205536400); Xue, Chongsheng (25631325800); Zhang, Shihui (35148681600)
55205536400; 25631325800; 35148681600
Modeling of dam-break for the tangjiashan quake lake
(2009), 4, art. no. 5169180, pp. 276 - 279, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.1109/ICIC.2009.380
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-70449506968&doi=10.1109%2FICIC.2009.380&partnerID=40&md5=e4b0f19ba89688d0ed66c7f7c8ed61bd

AFFILIATIONS: China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Department of Mathematics and Physics, North China Electric Power University (Baoding), Baoding, Hebei, China
ABSTRACT: Quake lake is a familiar aftermath of powerful earthquake, which is often created by landslide. Due to the rains after earthquake and the instability of landslide dam, quake lake is usually in risk of dam breaking and threatens people downstream. In this paper, we present a modeling of dam-break for the Tanjiashang Quake Lake formed by Wenchuan Earthquake on May 12 with the DAMBRK Dam-breach model. We simulate the forming and water-flow of dam-breach, and further analyze the overtopping discharge, the burst of the flood and the current downstream face of dam. © 2009 IEEE.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Dam-break; DAMBRK model; Flood; Quake lake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Dam-break; Dam-breaking; Dam-breaks; DAMBRK model; Landslide dam; Overtopping discharge; Quake lake; Wenchuan Earthquake; Computer science; Earthquakes; Floods; Lakes; Landslides; Water analysis; Dams
REFERENCES: Hydrologic Research Laboratory, (1984); 
Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering, (2008); 
Nws Dambrk Model Theoretical Background User Documentation, (1988); 
River Diversions A Design Guide, (2001); 
China Water Resources, (2008)
CONFERENCE NAME: 2009 2nd International Conference on Information and Computing Science, ICIC 2009
CONFERENCE DATE: 2009-05-21 through 2009-05-22
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wang, Y., Xu, H.-B., Luo, Y., Wu, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wang, Yunsheng (7601489707); Xu, Hongbiao (57207839352); Luo, Yonghong (55832604800); Wu, Junfeng (55868842800)
7601489707; 57207839352; 55832604800; 55868842800
Study of formation conditions and toss motion program of high landslides induced by earthquake
(2009) Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 28 (11), pp. 2360 - 2368, Cited 50 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-72449166015&partnerID=40&md5=e76d7d59ca605da9da4c81ca0ac6032a

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: Based on structural features and earthquake-induced slope response, the genetic mechanism of the typical earthquake high slope landslides can be concluded as follows: the structural plane of rock mass cut by cranny is apart from the lower limit of strong unloading zones, and is made run through to lose the bonding force with underneath rock mess by upper throwing force of P-wave and horizontal shear force of S-wave; the surface wave with huge acceleration (more than 2 g normally) arrives last and is enlarged by terrain, by which the upper surface layer of the slope is thrown out approximately horizontally or decumbent; and the earthquake-induced high slope landslide is formed.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Genetic mechanism; High slope landslide; Motion program; Slope engineering; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Genetic mechanism; High slope landslide; High slopes; Slope engineering; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes; Landslides; Surface waves; Unloading; Slope protection
REFERENCES: Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, (2008); 
Journal of Geomechanics, (2008); 
Wu, Shuren, Analysis and evaluation of geohazard intensity of the Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China, Geological Bulletin of China, 27, 11, pp. 1900-1906, (2008); 
Wang, Tao, Fault activity of the Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan, China and seismic secondary geohazards, Geological Bulletin of China, 27, 11, pp. 1913-1922, (2008); 
Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, (2004); 
Applied Technique of Soil and Water Conservation, (2007); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2008); 
Xu, Guangxing, Dynamic response of slopes under earthquakes and influence of ground motion parameters, Yantu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 30, 6, pp. 918-923, (2008); 
Ashford, Scott A., Analysis of topographic amplification of inclined shear waves in a steep coastal bluff, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 87, 3, pp. 692-700, (1997); 
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, (1987)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Hu, X.W., Luo, G., Huang, R., Zheng, Y., Lü, X., Wang, X., Chen, S., Shi, Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Hu, Xiewen (7404709509); Luo, Gang (35275305400); Huang, Runqiu (55835407700); Zheng, Yong Q. (35621338300); Lü, Xiaoping (57218998935); Wang, Xuerui (55950723000); Chen, Shiyong (35209811900); Shi, Yubing (55495709800)
7404709509; 35275305400; 55835407700; 35621338300; 57218998935; 55950723000; 35209811900; 55495709800
Study of stability of remnant mountain body in back scarp of Tangjiashan landslide after ″5.12″ wenchuan earthquake
(2009) Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 28 (11), pp. 2349 - 2359, Cited 9 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-72449153535&partnerID=40&md5=79a8831e1da19f2c453a177afcd00cba

AFFILIATIONS: School of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Sichuan Institute of Geo-Environment Monitoring, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Chengdu Hydroelectric Investigation and Design Institute, China Hydropower Consulting Group, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Based on the field geological investigations of remnant slope as well as the distribution, scale and penetration depth of crack in slope surface, combined with the mechanism of Tangjiashan high-speed landslide, it is presumed there is still the possibility of that the large-scale landslide except for the sprinkling rockfall occurs on the surface of remnant mountain body. The large-scale landslide failure mode is: tension cracks of slope crest penetrate through bedrock, bedding landslides take place on the middle slope and shear oblique layer on the bottom, and the characteristics can be expressed with tension-sliding-shearing model. According to the failure mode, considering different conditions of natural, continuous rainstorm as well as earthquake, the stability calculation and analysis of remnant mountain body by two-dimensional and three-dimensional broken line potential sliding surfaces are carried out. The results show that the remnant mountain body is stable wholly, but the shallow surface stability is unfavorable, and the control measures to remnant mountain body are proposed.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Earthquake; Slope engineering; Slope of back scarp landslide; Stability; Tangjiashan dammed lake; Tangjiashan landslide
INDEX KEYWORDS: Control measures; Geological investigation; High-speed; Landslide stability; Large-scale landslides; Line potential; Penetration depth; Rockfalls; Slope crest; Slope engineering; Slope of back scarp landslide; Slope surfaces; Stability calculation; Surface stability; Tangjiashan dammed lake; Tension cracks; Wenchuan Earthquake; Cracks; Earthquakes; Failure analysis; Landforms; Landslides; Quality assurance; Rock bursts; Safety engineering; Stability; Storms; Three dimensional; Two dimensional; Slope protection
REFERENCES: Huang, Runqiu, Research on development and distribution rules of geohazards induced by Wenchuan earthquake on 12th May, 2008, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 27, 12, pp. 2585-2592, (2008); 
Chinese Geological Education, (2008); 
Catastrophic Landslides in China, (2008); 
Huang, Runqiu, Large-scale landslides and their sliding mechanisms in China since the 20th century, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 26, 3, pp. 433-454, (2007); 
Hu, Xiewen, Analysis of blocking river mechanism of Tangjiashan landslide and dam-breaking mode of its barrier dam, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 28, 1, pp. 181-189, (2009); 
Landslides, (1992); 
Schuster, Robert L., Effects of landslide damming on hydroelectric projects., pp. 1295-1307, (1986); 
Zhao, Shangyi, Analysis on safety factor of slope by strength reduction FEM, Yantu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 24, 3, (2002); 
Yang, Qiang, Application of limit equilibrium method to stability analysis of Jinping high slope based on 3D multi-grid method, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 24, SUPPL. 2, pp. 5313-5318, (2005); 
Underground Space, (2001)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wang, X., Nie, G., Wang, D.-W.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wang, Xiuying (55736957400); Nie, Gaozhong (8728895400); Wang, Dengwei (55846913400)
55736957400; 8728895400; 55846913400
Analysis of landslide induced by Wenchuan earthquake by strong motion records
(2009) Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 28 (11), pp. 2369 - 2376, Cited 21 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-72449120018&partnerID=40&md5=26698b71185115f62354d76898100044

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Crustal Dynamics, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing, China; Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China; Xichang Seismic Station, Earthquake Administration of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Based on the Newmark analysis, a method is introduced to deduce critical acceleration with the data of strong motion records and landslides. With this method, critical accelerations are calculated with the data of earthquake-induced landslide and strong motion records obtained from 3 stations in Lixian County during Wenchuan earthquake. The estimated critical accelerations of Shaba, Taoping and Muka stations are 40, 50 and 70 gal respectively. The results are in accord with the vulnerable geologic situations in the earthquake-hit area. The critical acceleration can be regarded as a quantitative criterion for judging the failure strain of a slope under earthquake excitations by ground motion parameters. It provides a new way to study earthquake-induced landslides with quantitative method. With the recommended method and the large number of strong motion records obtained from Wenchuan earthquake, critical accelerations in the Longmenshan region can be estimated; and it can provide quantitative reference information for the reconstruction work such as the engineering application, earthquake-induced landslides forecasting and localization in the earthquake-hit region. The research method and its results are helpful to promote the quantitative research on earthquake-induced landslides in China.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Critical acceleration; Earthquake-induced landslide; Ground motion parameter; Slope engineering; Strong motion record; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Critical acceleration; Ground motion parameters; Slope engineering; Strong motion records; Wenchuan Earthquake; Acceleration; Landslides; Slope protection; Earthquakes
REFERENCES: Huang, Runqiu, Research on development and distribution rules of geohazards induced by Wenchuan earthquake on 12th May, 2008, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 27, 12, pp. 2585-2592, (2008); 
Wu, Shuren, Analysis and evaluation of geohazard intensity of the Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China, Geological Bulletin of China, 27, 11, pp. 1900-1906, (2008); 
Journal of Catastrophology, (2003); 
Keefer, David K., LANDSLIDES CAUSED BY EARTHQUAKES., Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 95, 4, pp. 406-421, (1984); 
Journal of Geomechanics, (2008); 
Jibson, Randall W., Analysis of the seismic origin of landslides: examples from the New Madrid seismic zone, Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 105, 4, pp. 521-536, (1993); 
Harp, Edwin L., Shaking intensity thresholds for rock falls and slides: evidence from 1987 Whittier Narrows and Superstition Hills earthquake strong- motion records, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 85, 6, pp. 1739-1757, (1995); 
Wilson, Raymond Clark, PREDICTING AREAL LIMITS OF EARTHQUAKE-INDUCED LANDSLIDING., Geological Survey, Professional Paper, pp. 317-345, (1985); 
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, (1983); 
Northwestern Seismological Journal, (1994)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Liang, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Liang, Jun (35220263000)
35220263000
Fluvial process influenced by earthquake lakes and restoration of mountain rivers
(2009) Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 41 (6), pp. 13 - 17, Cited 6 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-71949128841&partnerID=40&md5=bb79ad3c04ef4e4c09faf5d41e234270

AFFILIATIONS: Sichuan Academy of Water Conservancy, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: On 12 May 2008, a devastating mega-earthquake of magnitude 8.0 struck the Wenchuan area, northwestern Sichuan province, China. Wenchuan earthquake inevitably impaired the stability of mountains in the course of massive reverse-thrust strike-slip motion in the fault zone. Geohazards were triggered with the types of rock fall, rock avalanches, landslides, debris flows, and earthquake-lakes. In this paper, the types and characteristics of dammed lakes induced by Wenchuan earthquake are analized. The dammed lakes would seriously influence the river sediment transportation, fluvial processes and ecoenvironment. Consequently , the guidline and effective approaches for river restoration of dammed lake are susggested, so as to mitigate hazard loss and make the rivers influenced by the dammed lake serve us better.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Dammed lake; Earthquake; River; Stream restoration
INDEX KEYWORDS: Dammed lake; Debris flows; Eco-environments; Fault zone; Fluvial process; Geohazards; Mountain rivers; River restoration; River sediments; Rock avalanche; Rockfalls; Sichuan province; Stream restoration; Strike-slip motion; Wenchuan Earthquake; Debris; Earthquakes; Hydraulics; Landforms; Restoration; Rivers; Rock bursts; Lakes
REFERENCES: undefined, (2008); 
Cui, Peng, Distribution and risk analysis of dammed lakes reduced by Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 41, 3, pp. 35-42, (2009); 
undefined, (1993); 
Documented Historical Landslide Dams from Around the World, (1991); 
undefined, (1999); 
Casagli, Nicola, Determining grain size distribution of the material composing landslide dams in the Northern Apennines: Sampling and processing methods, Engineering Geology, 69, 1-2, pp. 83-97, (2003); 
Shang, Yanjun, A super-large landslide in Tibet in 2000: Background, occurrence, disaster, and origin, Geomorphology, 54, 3-4, pp. 225-243, (2003); 
Quaternary Sciences, (2004); 
Cao, Shuyou, Advances in studies of river sediment and fluvial processes of the Upper-Yangtze River in earthquake background, Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 41, 3, pp. 26-34, (2009); 
Yang, Fengguang, Study on the incipient velocity of Tangjiashan Barrier lake downstream area sediment, Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 41, 3, pp. 84-89, (2009)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Shao, Y., Huaze, G., Shi'ang, W., Zhang, Z., Wei, T.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Shao, Yun (7201598892); Huaze, Gong (26641860900); Shi'ang, Wang (35099504700); Zhang, Fengli (7404970636); Wei, Tian (34882353800)
7201598892; 26641860900; 35099504700; 7404970636; 34882353800
Multi-source SAR remote sensing data for emergency monitoring to Wenchuan earthquake damage assessment
(2009), art. no. 5137745, Cited 2 times.
DOI: 10.1109/URS.2009.5137745
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-70350158814&doi=10.1109%2FURS.2009.5137745&partnerID=40&md5=aa039f37b343b014e7d76d7cee5a420c

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Remote Sensing Application Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) has significant advantages in disaster monitoring that are all weather, independent of illumination imaging capabilities and strong stereoscopic sense. SAR technology played irreplaceable role in rapid response to Wenchuan Earthquake monitoring and damage assessment. With multi-source and multi-temporal high resolution SAR images, we conduct rapid, systematic and seriate observations regarding to town damage and secondary disaster in Wenchuan Earthquake area. And based on special SAR image characteristics of building damage conditions, distributions and scopes of landslides and dammed lakes, we carried out rapid quantitative evaluation and built corresponding interpretation symbols. The detection reports and achievements are presented to related apartments of country and rescue teams, supplying full and accurate scientific basis about emergency service and disaster relief. ©2009 IEEE.
INDEX KEYWORDS: Building damage; Damage assessments; Disaster monitoring; Disaster relief; Emergency monitoring; Emergency service; High-resolution SAR; Imaging capabilities; Multi-temporal; Multisources; Quantitative evaluation; Rapid response; SAR Images; SAR remote sensing; Wenchuan Earthquake; Disaster prevention; Earthquakes; Imaging systems; Radar imaging; Remote sensing; Synthetic aperture radar; Synthetic apertures; Damage detection
REFERENCES: Stone, Richard, Sichuan disaster: Landslides, Flooding Pose Threats As Experts Survey Quake's Impact, Science, 320, 5879, pp. 996-997, (2008); 
Stone, Richard, Wenchuan earthquake: Scientists race against the clock to gauge landslide risk, Science, 320, 5882, (2008); 
Stone, Richard, An unpredictably violent fault, Science, 320, 5883, pp. 1578-1580, (2008); 
Parsons, Tom, Stress changes from the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and increased hazard in the Sichuan basin, Nature, 454, 7203, pp. 509-510, (2008); 
undefined, (2009); 
Taylor, (2009)
CONFERENCE NAME: 2009 Joint Urban Remote Sensing Event
CONFERENCE DATE: 2009-05-20 through 2009-05-22
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Liao, M., Zhang, L., Balz, T.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Liao, Mingsheng (7202371636); Zhang, Lu (57202469300); Balz, Timo (55886167200)
7202371636; 57202469300; 55886167200
Post-earthquake landslide detection and early detection of landslide prone areas using SAR
(2009), art. no. 5137742, Cited 3 times.
DOI: 10.1109/URS.2009.5137742
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-70350136914&doi=10.1109%2FURS.2009.5137742&partnerID=40&md5=e8f8881cf01b1d3b6891fde5274f36b5

AFFILIATIONS: Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
ABSTRACT: High-resolution synthetic aperture radar (SAR) played an important role in the disaster management efforts after the Wenchuan Earthquake on May 12, 2008. SAR data was used for damage assessment, risk monitoring, and for the continuous monitoring of the so-called quake lakes. Landslides, triggered by the earthquake and the aftershocks, devastated large areas, killing thousands of people. Landslides formed natural dams, blocking rivers and leading to 34 so-called quake lakes, endangering millions of inhabitants and rescue workers downstream. SAR, amongst other sensor systems, was used to detect landslides and monitor those quake lakes. SAR can also assist the risk analysis by early surveying landslide prone areas and supporting the risk management and disaster reduction approaches. ©2009 IEEE.
INDEX KEYWORDS: Continuous monitoring; Damage assessments; Disaster management; Disaster reduction; Early detection; High resolution synthetic aperture radar; Landslide detection; Natural dam; Risk monitoring; SAR data; Sensor systems; Wenchuan Earthquake; Damage detection; Disaster prevention; Earthquakes; Imaging systems; Lakes; Landslides; Remote sensing; Risk analysis; Risk assessment; Risk management; Safety factor; Synthetic aperture radar; Synthetic apertures
REFERENCES: Parsons, Tom, Stress changes from the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and increased hazard in the Sichuan basin, Nature, 454, 7203, pp. 509-510, (2008); 
Royden, Leigh H., The geological evolution of the Tibetan plateau, Science, 321, 5892, pp. 1054-1058, (2008); 
Stone, Richard, Sichuan disaster: Landslides, Flooding Pose Threats As Experts Survey Quake's Impact, Science, 320, 5879, pp. 996-997, (2008); 
Dynamics of Mountain Geo Systems, (1992); 
Tianchi, Li, LANDSLIDE DAMS IN SOUTH-CENTRAL CHINA., pp. 146-162, (1986); 
Stone, Richard, Wenchuan earthquake: Scientists race against the clock to gauge landslide risk, Science, 320, 5882, (2008); 
Wang, Zifa, A preliminary report on the Great Wenchuan Earthquake, Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, 7, 2, pp. 225-234, (2008); 
Cyranoski, David, China: Visions of China, Nature, 454, 7203, pp. 384-387, (2008); 
Proceedings of the IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, (2007); 
Eineder, Michael, TerraSAR-X SAR products and processing algorithms, International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), 7, pp. 4870-4873, (2005)
CONFERENCE NAME: 2009 Joint Urban Remote Sensing Event
CONFERENCE DATE: 2009-05-20 through 2009-05-22
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Qiao, J.P., Pu, X.-H., Wang, M., Yang, Z., Shi, L.-L., Tian, H.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Qiao, Jianping (24485090400); Pu, Xiaohong (35725873500); Wang, Meng (25927651000); Yang, Zongji (24485723300); Shi, Lili (55818315500); Tian, Hongling (14520009600)
24485090400; 35725873500; 25927651000; 24485723300; 55818315500; 14520009600
Analysis of distribution characteristics of landslide induced in Wenchuan earthquake and relevant maximum epicenter distance
(2009) Journal of Natural Disasters, 18 (5), pp. 10 - 15, Cited 3 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-76549121932&partnerID=40&md5=a225f3ac2349b7f21fb3a56029b2f24e

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Earthquake Administration of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: The earthquake of May 12 in Wenchuan induced lots of landslides, rockfall and topographic alteration, which formed many barrier lakes, destroyed houses and roads and led to a dangerous zonie of secondary landslide disasters. In this paper, taking Dujiangyan, Pengzhou, Chongzhou, Qionglai and Dayi in Chengdu City as research areas, the statistical relationship of laudslide distribution with geological /geomorphological condition and macroscopic intensity was analyzed. Based on the determination of macroscopic epicentral location, the distributive characteristics of landslides with differnt scale were researched by using maximum epicenter distance method and a linear distribution rule are obtained.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Distribution; Earthquake; Epicenter distance; Landslide
INDEX KEYWORDS: earthquake epicenter; environmental impact; geomorphology; landslide; natural disaster; Sichuan earthquake 2008; Chengdu; China; Sichuan
REFERENCES: undefined, (2010); 
undefined, (2010); 
undefined, (2010); 
undefined, (2010); 
undefined, (2010); 
undefined, (2010); 
undefined, (2010); 
undefined, (2010); 
undefined, (2010); 
undefined, (2010)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Xu, C., Dai, F., Yao, X., Chen, J., Tu, X., Sun, Y., Wang, Z.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Xu, Chong (35184309900); Dai, Fuchu (7102055666); Yao, Xin (55723721600); Chen, Jian (55717623400); Tu, Xinbin (7102136710); Sun, Yu (59091816500); Wang, Zhiyi (55850336800)
35184309900; 7102055666; 55723721600; 55717623400; 7102136710; 59091816500; 55850336800
GIS-based landslide susceptibility assessment using analytical hierarchy process in wenchuan earthquake region
(2009) Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 28 (SUPPL. 2), pp. 3978 - 3985, Cited 93 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-71049186307&partnerID=40&md5=85ec161c25aabe3e6203eb9007b40994

AFFILIATIONS: Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China; Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China; China University of Geosciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; China University of Mining & Technology, Beijing, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: On 12 May 2008, a catastrophic earthquake with surface wave magnitude of 8.0 struck the Sichuan Province of China. Tens of thousand of landslides were triggered by this earthquake over a broad area. 48007 landslides were interpreted from aerial photographs and multi-source remote sensing imageries, verified by field check. A spatial database, including landslides and associated controlling parameters which may have influence on the occurrence of landslides, was developed and analyzed using geographical information system(GIS) technology. The correlations of landslide distribution with controlling parameters, including faults, lithology, elevation, slope angle, slope aspect, drainages and roads are firstly analyzed, and landslide area-ratio was calculated for each group of the above parameters. An analytical hierarchy process(AHP) was then applied to determine the significance of controlling parameters in triggering the landslides. The resulting susceptibility map showed five classes of landslide susceptibility, i.e. extremely high, high, moderate, low, and extremely low. The area with extremely high and high susceptibility accounts for about 8211 km2, 16.9% of the study area. This indicates that the result is reasonable in 60.5% of the landslides occurred in high or extremely high susceptibility region.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Analytical hierarchy process(AHP); Geographical information system(GIS); Landslide; Slope engineering; Susceptibility assessment; Wenchuan Earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Analytical hierarchy process; Geographical information system(GIS); Geographical information systems; Slope engineering; Wenchuan Earthquake; Analytic hierarchy process; Aspect ratio; Earthquakes; Fluorine containing polymers; Geographic information systems; Hierarchical systems; Information systems; Landslides; Lithology; Photography; Remote sensing; Surface waves; Slope protection
REFERENCES: Journal of Remote Sensing, (2009); 
Science Technology Review, (2009); 
Journal of Remote Sensing, (2008); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2008); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2009); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2009); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2008); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2008); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2025); 
Wu, Shuren, Analysis and evaluation of geohazard intensity of the Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China, Geological Bulletin of China, 27, 11, pp. 1900-1906, (2008)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wang, X., Nie, G.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wang, Xiuying (55736957400); Nie, Gaozhong (8728895400)
55736957400; 8728895400
Characteristics of landslides induced by Wenchuan MS 8.0 Earthquake and preliminary analysis of their relations with ground motion parameters
(2009) Yantu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 31 (9), pp. 1378 - 1383, Cited 13 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-71049121473&partnerID=40&md5=9b26c0288663e915430a4598081a673a

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China; Institute of Crustal Dynamics, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: The M<inf>S</inf> 8.0 Wenchuan Earthquake, which occurred on May 12th, 2008, induced large scale landslides which distributed across wide areas and caused great losses in both economy and casualty. Landslides triggered by Wenchuan Earthquake are obviously affected by the fault and distributed asymmetrically on the two sides of the fault. Analysis shows that the landslides triggered by Wenchuan Earthquake have some relation but not a definite relation with the earthquake intensity. However, there does exist an obvious relation between these landslides and earthquake magnitude or peak ground acceleration (PGA). A basic analysis on the relation between earthquake-induced landslides and PGA parameter is given on the basis of the near 40 groups of records distributed along the Longmenshan faults. The conclusion is: there exists a normal relation between earthquake induced-landslides and PGA; the stability of the slopes is affected more by the horizontal records of the ground motion; and there is a 0.2 g boundary among the PGA records with which greater PGA causes more landslides around the Longmenshan faults and its neighbourhood. The results demonstrate that it is useful in both theory and practice to study earthquake-induced landslides with PGA.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Earthquake ground motion parameter; Earthquake intensity; Earthquake magnitude; Earthquake-induced landslide; Peak ground acceleration; Wenchuan Earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Earthquake ground motion parameter; Earthquake intensity; Earthquake magnitude; Peak ground acceleration; Wenchuan Earthquake; Differential amplifiers; Landslides; Programmed control systems; Earthquakes
REFERENCES: Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences, (2008); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2008); 
Keefer, David K., LANDSLIDES CAUSED BY EARTHQUAKES., Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 95, 4, pp. 406-421, (1984); 
Keefer, David K., Investigating landslides caused by earthquakes - A historical review, Surveys in Geophysics, 23, 6, pp. 473-510, (2002); 
Xiwei, Xu, The MS8.0 Wenchuan earthquake surface ruptures and its seismogenic structure, Dizhen Dizhi, 30, 3, pp. 597-629, (2008); 
Chinese Journal of Geophysics, (1999); 
Loess Dynamics, (2003); 
Report on the Great Wenchuan Earthquake Source of May 12 2008, (2008); 
Northwestern Seismological Journal, (1994); 
Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, (1999)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Cui, P., Zhu, Y.Y., Han, Y.S., Chen, X.Q., Zhuang, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Cui, Peng (56706923500); Zhu, Yingyan (10143158600); Han, Yongshun (8045872900); Chen, Xiaoqing (55739112600); Zhuang, Jianqi (26538426500)
56706923500; 10143158600; 8045872900; 55739112600; 26538426500
The 12 May Wenchuan earthquake-induced landslide lakes: Distribution and preliminary risk evaluation
(2009) Landslides, 6 (3), pp. 209 - 223, Cited 380 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s10346-009-0160-9
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-70349504172&doi=10.1007%2Fs10346-009-0160-9&partnerID=40&md5=602dbfbacc8790f35ec874407282b04d

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, China
ABSTRACT: The Wenchuan earthquake, measured at M <inf>s</inf> 8.0 according to the China Earthquake Administration, occurred at 14:28 on 12 May 2008 in the Sichuan Province of China. It brought overwhelming destruction to eight provinces and cities. Landslides and rock avalanches triggered by the earthquake produced 257 landslide lakes which were distributed along the fault rupture zone and river channels. The authors traveled to the disaster zone immediately after the earthquake to examine some of the features of the debris dams and performed a quick evaluation of the potential for outburst of earthquake-induced landslide lakes for the purpose of disaster relief. The preliminary analysis indicated that the landslide lakes could be classified as those exhibiting extremely high risk, medium risk, and low risk according to field observations and remote sensing, to determine material composition, dam structure, dam height, maximum water storage capacity, and size of the population potentially affected area. The failure risk of 21 debris dams were evaluated as follows: one dam with an extremely high danger risk, seven dams with a high danger, five dams with a medium danger, and eight dams of low danger. More concern was given to the Tangjiashan Lake and different scenarios for the potential sudden failure of its dam were assessed. The risk evaluation result was accepted in full, by the earthquake disaster relief office. A successful emergency dam treatment for risk reduction was planned, based on our assessments, and these measures were quickly carried out. According to this research, the earthquake destabilized the surrounding mountains, resulting in a prolonged geohazard for the area. Landslides and debris flows will continue to develop for at least 5 to 10 years after the Wenchuan earthquake and will produce additional dammed lakes. Recommendations and plans for earthquake-landslide lake mitigation were proposed, based on past successful practices. © Springer-Verlag 2009.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Flood outburst; Landslide lake; Risk evaluation; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Affected area; Dam height; Dam structure; Debris flows; Disaster relief; Disaster zones; Earthquake disaster; Failure risk; Fault ruptures; Field observations; Material compositions; Preliminary analysis; Risk evaluation; Risk reductions; River channels; Rock avalanche; Sichuan province; Water storage capacity; Wenchuan earthquake; Dams; Debris; Disaster prevention; Earthquakes; Forestry; Lakes; Landslides; Remote sensing; Risk analysis; Risk perception; Water analysis; Floods; disaster relief; earthquake event; earthquake rupture; flood; lake; landslide; remote sensing; risk assessment; river channel; rock avalanche; Sichuan earthquake 2008; Asia; China; Eurasia; Far East; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Casagli, Nicola, Determining grain size distribution of the material composing landslide dams in the Northern Apennines: Sampling and processing methods, Engineering Geology, 69, 1-2, pp. 83-97, (2003); 
Journal of Geological Hazards and Environment Preservation, (1995); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2000); 
Chai, Hejun, The distribution, causes and effects of damming landslides in China, Journal of the Chengdu Institute of Technology, 27, 3, pp. 302-307, (2000); 
Formation and Failure of Natural Dams in the Canadian Cordillera, (1994); 
Costa, John E., FORMATION AND FAILURE OF NATURAL DAMS., Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 100, 7, pp. 1054-1068, (1988); 
undefined, (2009); 
Sci China Ser E, (2003); 
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences, (2008); 
Dai, Fuchu, The 1786 earthquake-triggered landslide dam and subsequent dam-break flood on the Dadu River, southwestern China, Geomorphology, 65, 3-4, pp. 205-221, (2005)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wu, S.R., Shi, J.S., Wang, T., Wang, H.B.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wu, Shuren (15744734100); Shi, Jusong (7404495701); Wang, Tao (56454532900); Wang, Huabin (57191848944)
15744734100; 7404495701; 56454532900; 57191848944
Geohazard activity intensity evaluation: theory, methods and practice
(2009) Geological Bulletin of China, 28 (8), pp. 1127 - 1137, Cited 1 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84881330183&partnerID=40&md5=047612d00ab4de9fad137c0c72b2b783

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Neotectonic Movement and Geohazard, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China; School of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
ABSTRACT: In order to research into the principle, methods and evaluation index system of geohazard activity intensity, this paper ha briefly analyzed the major indexes and parameters which influence the earthquake activity intensity from two aspects, namely basic definition of earthquake activity intensity and quick evaluation. Referring to the earthquake magnitude classification, the maximum area density was thus proposed to be the basis of geo-hazards activity intensity evaluation, therefore 8 levels of GHI (geohazard index) system has been set up. Two basic ways of quick areal density estimation are also put forward namely grid method and natural slops statistic method. In combination of practical case studies of geohazards triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake, geohazards triggered bi the heavy rainfall in Ningshan County, Shaanxi in 2003, and geohazards of Baoji City, Shaanxi Province, remaining problems of evaluation index system, maximum areal density estimation and other representative aspects are also discussed, it's also emphasized tha GHI leveling is still at its early stage, which requires for further improvements during pratices.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Geohazard intensity index; Landslide; Maximum areal density; Wenchuan earthquake
REFERENCES: undefined, (2008); 
undefined, (2008); 
undefined, (2009); 
undefined, (2009); 
undefined, (2008); 
undefined, (2008); 
undefined, (2008); 
undefined, (1994); 
Landslide Risk Assessment, (1997); 
Cardinali, Mauro, A geomorphological approach to the estimation of landslide hazards and risks in Umbria, Central Italy, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 2, 1-2, pp. 57-72, (2002)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Han, J., Yan, J.-J., Wu, S.R., Sun, W.-F., He, S.-J., Zhang, C.-S.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Han, Jinliang (55590490000); Yan, Junjun (55818345200); Wu, Shuren (15744734100); Sun, Weifeng (55726564600); He, Shujun (55817962900); Zhang, Chunshan (16641663900)
55590490000; 55818345200; 15744734100; 55726564600; 55817962900; 16641663900
Risk indexes inversion of typical landslide triggered by the Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan
(2009) Geological Bulletin of China, 28 (8), pp. 1146 - 1155, Cited 7 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-78650033486&partnerID=40&md5=3829747c80bf1c8d62f466a78ea673a3

AFFILIATIONS: Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China; China University of Geosciences, Beijing, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: The Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake on May 12, 2008 has triggered thousands of landslides, and many high velocity landslides with long distance are distributed along active faults. In order to study on the inversion method and risk evaluation indices of landslide velocity, taking typical high velocity landslides with long distance triggered by Wenchuan earthquake as example, based on field investigation and in-door analysis, referring to previous achievements. This paper has inversed and calculated the velocities of five landslides along Beichuan-Yingxiu faults, it's indicated that the maximum velocity is above 50 m/s, while the lower part of Daguangba landslide can be as high as 300 m/s, the initial velocity of higher part reached as high as 165.6 m/s. Meanwhile, the regarded friction coefficients of five landslides are also obtained in between 0.16 and 0.4. With the purpose of providing fundamental data for prediction and risk evaluation of velocity, maximum distance of similar earthquake triggered landslides, this paper can be referable for disaster prevention and mitigation.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Regarded friction coefficient; Typical landslides triggered by Wenchuan earthquake; Velocity of landslides
REFERENCES: Geertsema, Marten, An overview of recent large catastrophic landslides in northern British Columbia, Canada, Engineering Geology, 83, 1-3, pp. 120-143, (2006); 
Evans, Stephen G., Catastrophic detachment and high-velocity long-runout flow of Kolka Glacier, Caucasus Mountains, Russia in 2002, Geomorphology, 105, 3-4, pp. 314-321, (2009); 
Strom, Alexander L., Extremely large rockslides and rock avalanches in the Tien Shan Mountains, Kyrgyzstan, Landslides, 3, 2, pp. 125-136, (2006); 
Landslides from Massive Rock Slope Failure, (2006); 
Landslides from Massive Rock Slope Failure, (2006); 
Mitchell, Wishart A., The Keylong Serai rock avalanche, NW Indian Himalaya: Geomorphology and palaeoseismic implications, Landslides, 4, 3, pp. 245-254, (2007); 
Hewitt, Kenneth, Catastrophic landslide deposits in the Karakoram Himalaya, Science, 242, 4875, pp. 64-67, (1988); 
Wieczorek, Gerald F., Unusual July 10, 1996, rock fall at Happy Isles, Yosemite National Park, California, Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 112, 1, pp. 75-85, (2000); 
Overview of Catastrophic Mega Rockslides in the Andes of Argentina, (2008); 
First World Landslide Forum Parallel Session Volume, (2008)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Yao, X., Xu, C., Dai, F., Zhang, Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Yao, Xin (55723721600); Xu, Chong (35184309900); Dai, Fuchu (7102055666); Zhang, Yongshuang (55883678200)
55723721600; 35184309900; 7102055666; 55883678200
Contribution of strata lithology and slope gradient to landslides triggered by Wenchuan Ms 8 earthquake, Sichuan
(2009) Geological Bulletin of China, 28 (8), pp. 1156 - 1162, Cited 27 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-78649233606&partnerID=40&md5=3af9ffc45645df9ae22ecb648703beb5

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China; Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: It's indicated by remote sensing images interpretation and field investigations that within an area of 48678 km2, there are more than 48000 landslides geo-hazards triggered by Wenchuan earthquake. The purpose of this study was to detect correlation between landslide occurrences and strata lithology and slope gradient based on Geographic Information System (GIS) by using two parameters: namely landslide-area ration (LAR) and landslide concentration (LC). Within the study area, LAR was defined at 1.4622% and LC was defined at 0.9862 landslides/km2. The result of statistical analyses shows that LAR and LC have a positive correlation with slope gradient and most of the slides occur with slope between 25° and 50°. The Cambrian Formation has the most concentrated landslide activity with highest LAR value of 10%, LC of 6.5 Is/km2, secondly Sinian Formation, Ordovician Formation and intrusive rocks, all of these strata have high susceptibility in terms of earthquake triggered landslide. It is also indicated by comprehensive research of slope, lithology and landslide spatial distribution that in strongly fractured rocks most landslides occur at where the slope angle is less than 30°, in weakly fractured rocks, most landslides occur at where the slope angle is more than 40°.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: GIS; Landslide; Slope gradient; Statistical analysis; Stratum; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Sinia
REFERENCES: Parise, Mario, A seismic landslide susceptibility rating of geologic units based on analysis of characterstics of landslides triggered by the 17 January, 1994 Northridge, California earthquake, Engineering Geology, 58, 3-4, pp. 251-270, (2000); 
Keefer, David K., LANDSLIDES CAUSED BY EARTHQUAKES., Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 95, 4, pp. 406-421, (1984); 
Rodríguez, Carlos E., Earthquake-induced landslides: 1980-1997, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 18, 5, pp. 325-346, (1999); 
Keefer, David K., Statiscal analysis of an earthquake-induced landslide distribution - The 1989 Loma Prieta, California event, Engineering Geology, 58, 3-4, pp. 231-249, (2000); 
Khazai, Bijan, Evaluation of factors controlling earthquake-induced landslides caused by Chi-Chi earthquake and comparison with the Northridge and Loma Prieta events, Engineering Geology, 71, 1-2, pp. 79-95, (2004); 
Wang, Huabin, Analysis of a spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2004 Chuetsu earthquakes of Niigata Prefecture, Japan, Natural Hazards, 41, 1, pp. 43-60, (2007); 
undefined, (2009); 
undefined, (2009); 
undefined, (2008); 
undefined, (2008)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zheng, Y., Ye, H., Huang, R.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zheng, Yingren (7404836994); Ye, Hailin (34874131400); Huang, Runqiu (55835407700)
7404836994; 34874131400; 55835407700
Analysis and discussion of failure mechanism and fracture surface of slope under earthquake
(2009) Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 28 (8), pp. 1714 - 1723, Cited 141 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-69249236956&partnerID=40&md5=a87238ae071585f097116767633d72d6

AFFILIATIONS: Army Logistics Academy, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Geological Hazard Prevention and Treatment, Chongqing, China; State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: The failure mechanism of slope under earthquake is the premise of slope's dynamic stability analysis. Presently, pseudo-static method and dynamic time-history analysis method are commonly used, which regard the failure mechanism of slope under earthquake as shear failure, and take the shear sliding surface obtained by limit equilibrium method as failure surface under dynamic effect of earthquake without considering the tension failure under seismic load. It may lead to inaccuracy in the stability analysis of slope under earthquake. Investigation of the slopes during Wenchuan earthquake shows that tension failures mostly appear in the upper part of the landslides, and even some rock and soil masses are thrown out, which is an obvious enlightenment. So the FLAC dynamic strength reduction and program of FLAC3D with the function of tensile and shear failure analysis are adopted to study failure mechanism of slope under earthquake numerically. The study shows that the failure of slope under earthquake is made up of the tension failure in the upper part of the fracture zone and the shear failure in the lower part instead of shear sliding failure. A method of locating the fracture surface of slope under earthquake through several ways is provided, which is an accurate foundation for dynamic stability analysis of slopes.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Dynamic finite difference method; Earthquake; Failure mechanism; Fracture surface; Slope engineering
INDEX KEYWORDS: Dynamic effects; Dynamic stability analysis; Dynamic strength; Dynamic time; Failure mechanism; Failure surface; Fracture surface; Fracture surfaces; Fracture zone; Limit equilibrium methods; Pseudostatic method; Seismic load; Shear failure; Sliding surface; Slope engineering; Soil mass; Stability analysis of slope; Tension failure; Wenchuan Earthquake; Dynamic analysis; Earthquakes; Failure analysis; Finite difference method; Hydrogen embrittlement; Quality assurance; Safety factor; Slope protection; Slope stability; Tensile strength; Fracture
REFERENCES: Review on study of seismic stability analysis of rock-soil slopes, 25, 1, pp. 164-171; 
Crespellani, Teresa, Earthquake destructiveness potential factor and slope stability, Geotechnique, 48, 3, pp. 411-419, (1998); 
Wright, Stephen G., Triggering mechanisms of slope instability and their relationship to earthquakes and tsunamis, Pure and Applied Geophysics, 160, 10-11, pp. 1865-1877, (2003); 
Havenith, Hans Balder, Initiation of earthquake-induced slope failure: Influence of topographical and other site specific amplification effects, Journal of Seismology, 7, 3, pp. 397-412, (2003); 
Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, (2004); 
Chen, Tienchien, Pseudostatic analysis of Tsao-Ling rockslide caused by Chi-Chi earthquake, Engineering Geology, 71, 1-2, pp. 31-47, (2004); 
Baker, Raphael, Stability charts for pseudo-static slope stability analysis, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 26, 9, pp. 813-823, (2006); 
Rock and Soil Mechanics, (2003); 
Wang, Fawu, Preliminary investigation of some large landslides triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan Province, China, Landslides, 6, 1, pp. 47-54, (2009); 
Li, Xinpo, Seismically induced slope instabilities and the corresponding treatments: The case of a road in the Wenchuan earthquake hit region, Journal of Mountain Science, 6, 1, pp. 96-100, (2009)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Huang, R.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Huang, Runqiu (55835407700)
55835407700
Engineering geological evaluation of reconstruction sites following the Wenchuan earthquake
(2009) Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 68 (4), pp. 449 - 458, Cited 10 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s10064-009-0225-y
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-76749109797&doi=10.1007%2Fs10064-009-0225-y&partnerID=40&md5=74207f955e18f7daf685d0b1dd2bdeec

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: Site selection and risk assessment are extremely important aspects of the post-earthquake reconstruction of damaged towns. The main principles applied in this process were the towns located on/adjacent to the fault with a fragile geology would be relocated; heavily damaged towns some distance from the fault but without landslides/debris flows/significant slope movement would be reconstructed at their original location following strict construction codes. During the process of post-earthquake reconstruction, particular attention should be paid to hidden geological hazards, the variety and interdependency of risk-inducing factors and to long-term safety, etc. The paper discusses the site selection process for the reconstruction of Beichuan City, Qingchuan City and Muyu Town. © Springer-Verlag 2009.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Damaged towns; Engineering geology assessments; Reconstruction; Site selection; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Damaged towns; Engineering geological evaluation; Geological hazards; Long-term safety; Reconstruction; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes; Engineering geology; Repair; Risk assessment; Risk management; Safety engineering; Site selection; construction method; disaster management; earthquake damage; reconstruction; risk assessment; risk factor; safety; Sichuan earthquake 2008; site selection; China; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Aftershocksofwenchuanms 8 0 Earthquake 2009 01 07, (2010); 
Dynamic Process of Earth S Superficial Crust and Its Engineering Environmental Effects, (2001); 
Theory and the Fulfillment of the Geology Engineering Problem Analysis in the Complicated Environment, (2002); 
Scientific Research, (2005)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wen, X., Yang, X.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wen, Xingping (24765583800); Yang, Xiaofeng (36717197900)
24765583800; 36717197900
The comparison of landscape metrics derived from remote sensing data before and after Wenchuan earthquake
(2009), 2, art. no. 4958984, pp. 34 - 38, Cited 1 times.
DOI: 10.1109/ETCS.2009.270
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-67650704478&doi=10.1109%2FETCS.2009.270&partnerID=40&md5=33941ba092430e5c755925aa13f7bda8

AFFILIATIONS: Faculty of Land Resource Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China; Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
ABSTRACT: Satellite remote sensing images monitoring before and after the Wenchuan earthquake were becoming of great significance in the field of disaster control and mitigation. This paper compared the landscape metrics derived from remote sensing data before and after Wenchuan earthquake. Firstly, two ASTER imageries acquired before and after earthquake were geo-referenced. Then, the two imageries were segmented and converted into vector files. Finally, six landscape metrics were computed using multi-resolution segmentation vector derived from the two imageries and the computation results before and after earthquake were compared. Comparing results, it concluded that the landscape metrics before and after earthquake are significantly different. After earthquake, the fine surface structure was destroyed due to numerous landslides and rockslides, so Perimeter Area Fractal Dimension and Splitting Index which represents shape complexity decreased. Perimeter Area Fractal Dimension and Splitting Index are more effective indexes to detect the land cover change before and after earthquake. © 2009 IEEE.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Earthquakes; Landscape metrics; Remote sensing; Wenchuan
INDEX KEYWORDS: Before and after; Land-cover change; Landscape metrics; Multi-resolution; Remote sensing data; Satellite remote sensing; Shape complexity; Wenchuan; Wenchuan Earthquake; Computer science; Education computing; Fractal dimension; Image reconstruction; Landslides; Metric system; Partial discharges; Remote sensing; Surface structure; Earthquakes
REFERENCES: Singh, Ashbindu, Review Articlel: Digital change detection techniques using remotely-sensed data, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 10, 6, pp. 989-1003, (1989); 
Coppin, P. R., Digital change detection methods in ecosystem monitoring: A review, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 25, 9, pp. 1565-1596, (2004); 
Garrigues, Sébastien, Using first- And second-order variograms for characterizing landscape spatial structures from remote sensing imagery, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 45, 6, pp. 1823-1834, (2007); 
Wen, Xingping, A simplified method for extracting mineral information from hyperspectral remote sensing image using SAM algorithm, pp. 526-529, (2007); 
Journal of China University of Geosciences, (2007); 
Tralli, David M., Satellite remote sensing of earthquake, volcano, flood, landslide and coastal inundation hazards, ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 59, 4, pp. 185-198, (2005); 
McAlpine, Clive Alexander, Testing landscape metrics as indicators of habitat loss and fragmentation in continuous eucalypt forests (Queensland, Australia), Landscape Ecology, 17, 8, pp. 711-728, (2002); 
Groom, Geoff B., Remote sensing in landscape ecology: Experiences and perspectives in a European context, Landscape Ecology, 21, 3 SPEC. ISS., pp. 391-408, (2006); 
Ji, Wei, Characterizing urban sprawl using multi-stage remote sensing images and landscape metrics, Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 30, 6, pp. 861-879, (2006); 
Moody, Aaron J., Using landscape spatial relationships to improve estimates of land-cover area from coarse resolution remote sensing, Remote Sensing of Environment, 64, 2, pp. 202-220, (1998)
SPONSORS: Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, IEEE Harbin Section, IEEE Technical Committee on Learning Technol.
CONFERENCE NAME: 1st International Workshop on Education Technology and Computer Science, ETCS 2009
CONFERENCE DATE: 2009-03-07 through 2009-03-08
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Xu, Q., Fan, X., Huang, R., Westen, C.V.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Xu, Qiang (56506033600); Fan, Xuanmei (12752112800); Huang, Runqiu (55835407700); Westen, Cee Van (35212288400)
56506033600; 12752112800; 55835407700; 35212288400
Landslide dams triggered by the Wenchuan Earthquake, Sichuan Province, south west China
(2009) Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 68 (3), pp. 373 - 386, Cited 249 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s10064-009-0214-1
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-68249151087&doi=10.1007%2Fs10064-009-0214-1&partnerID=40&md5=a6bf42cf8dd582baf5d09318d32bdb30

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation – ITC, Enschede, Overijssel, Netherlands
ABSTRACT: At 14:28 (Beijing time) on 12 May 2008, the catastrophic Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake occurred just west of the Sichuan basin, China, causing severe damage and numerous casualties. It also triggered a large number of landslides, rock avalanches, debris flows etc. Some of the landslides formed natural dams in the rivers, with the potential secondary hazard of subsequent flooding. Through the interpretation of a series of aerial photographs and satellite images, 256 landslide dams were identified, although because of limited access, relatively detailed data were available for only 32. The paper presents statistical analyzes of the distribution, classification, characteristics, and hazard evaluation of these 32 dams. A case study of the 2.04 × 107 m3 Tangjiashan landslide dam and the emergency mitigation measures undertaken is discussed. © Springer-Verlag 2009.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Barrier lake; Breach; Hazard; Landslide dam; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Aerial Photographs; Barrier lake; Breach; Classification ,; Debris flows; Hazard evaluation; Landslide dam; Mitigation measures; Natural dam; Rock avalanche; Satellite images; Sichuan Basin; Sichuan province; Wenchuan earthquake; West China; Dams; Debris; Earthquakes; Hazards; Photography; Landslides; aerial photography; dam; debris flow; earthquake damage; earthquake event; earthquake trigger; flooding; hazard assessment; landslide; satellite imagery; Sichuan earthquake 2008; Asia; China; Eurasia; Far East
REFERENCES: Aleotti, Pietro, Landslide hazard assessment: Summary review and new perspectives, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 58, 1, pp. 21-44, (1999); 
Landslides, (2020); 
Casagli, Nicola, Geomorphic analysis of landslide dams in the Northern Apennine, Chikei, 20, 3, pp. 219-249, (1999); 
Casagli, Nicola, Determining grain size distribution of the material composing landslide dams in the Northern Apennines: Sampling and processing methods, Engineering Geology, 69, 1-2, pp. 83-97, (2003); 
Journal of Geological Hazards and Environment Preservation, (1995); 
Chai, Hejun, The distribution, causes and effects of damming landslides in China, Journal of the Chengdu Institute of Technology, 27, 3, pp. 302-307, (2000); 
Floods from Dam Failures, (1985); 
Costa, John E., FORMATION AND FAILURE OF NATURAL DAMS., Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 100, 7, pp. 1054-1068, (1988); 
Documented Historical Landslide Dams from Around the World, (1991); 
Dai, Fuchu, The 1786 earthquake-triggered landslide dam and subsequent dam-break flood on the Dadu River, southwestern China, Geomorphology, 65, 3-4, pp. 205-221, (2005)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Huang, R., Li, W.L.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Huang, Runqiu (55835407700); Li, Weile (25936551300)
55835407700; 25936551300
Analysis of the geo-hazards triggered by the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake, China
(2009) Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 68 (3), pp. 363 - 371, Cited 350 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s10064-009-0207-0
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-68249162462&doi=10.1007%2Fs10064-009-0207-0&partnerID=40&md5=b680a102a15fe941b5dc2de89e1880eb

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: The Wenchuan Earthquake on 12 May 2008 triggered a large number of geo-hazards including landslides, slope collapses and debris flows. Field investigations and remote-sensing interpretation identified 11,308 geo-hazards in 16 seriously damaged counties in Sichuan Province, south west China. The paper reports an analysis of the distribution of these geo-hazards, particularly the earthquake-triggered landslides. Not surprisingly, the most significant geo-hazards were related to the main fault and on the hanging-wall side, although some occurred in deeply incised river gorges further away from the main rupture zone. Due to the high seismic intensity of the earthquake, most of the large landslides moved at high speed and for considerable distances. © Springer-Verlag 2009.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake; Distribution rule; Earthquake-triggered geo-hazards; GIS analysis; Hanging-wall effect; Mobility
INDEX KEYWORDS: 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake; Distribution rule; GIS analysis; Hanging-wall effect; Mobility; Debris; Geographic information systems; Hazards; Landslides; Remote sensing; Earthquakes; earthquake event; earthquake intensity; earthquake trigger; geological hazard; GIS; hanging wall; hazard assessment; landslide; Sichuan earthquake 2008; spatial distribution; Asia; China; Eurasia; Far East; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Abrahamson, Norman A.Bolt, Empirical response spectral attenuation relations for shallow crustal earthquakes, Seismological Research Letters, 68, 1, pp. 94-109, (1997); 
Abrahamson, Norman A.Bolt, Effects of the hanging wall and footwall on ground motions recorded during the Northridge earthquake, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 86, 1 SUPPL. B, pp. S93-S99, (1996); 
Bao, Yejing, Probabilistic analysis of earthquake-induced landslides, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 24, 1, pp. 66-70, (2005); 
Boore, David M., Equations for estimating horizontal response spectra and peak acceleration from western North American earthquakes: A summary of recent work, Seismological Research Letters, 68, 1, pp. 128-153, (1997); 
Campbell, Kenneth W., Empirical near-source attenuation relationships for horizontal and vertical components of peak ground acceleration, peak ground velocity, and pseudo-absolute acceleration response spectra, Seismological Research Letters, 68, 1, pp. 154-179, (1997); 
Science and Technology Review, (2008); 
Why Was Wenchuan Earthquake so Serious 2008 06 26, (2008); 
Seismology and Geology, (2008); 
Bergsturz Und Menschenleben, (1932); 
Hsü, Kenneth Jinghwa, Catastrophic debris streams (sturzstroms) generated by rockfalls, Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 86, 1, pp. 129-140, (1975)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zhiqiang, W., Lee, G.C.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhiqiang, Wang (57217876737); Lee, George C. (7404852312)
57217876737; 7404852312
A comparative study of bridge damage due to the Wenchuan, Northridge, Loma Prieta and San Fernando earthquakes
(2009) Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, 8 (2), pp. 251 - 261, Cited 87 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11803-009-9063-y
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-70349597193&doi=10.1007%2Fs11803-009-9063-y&partnerID=40&md5=e8a3a6cc656c75cb58f9881dd26885f1

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Bridge Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Buffalo, NY, United States
ABSTRACT: A comparative study of selected bridge damage due to the Wenchuan, Northridge, Loma Prieta and San Fernando earthquakes is described in this paper. Typical ground motion effects considered include large ground fault displacement, liquefaction, landslide, and strong ground shaking. Issues related to falling spans, inadequate detailing for structural ductility and complex bridge configurations are discussed within the context of the recent seismic design codes of China and the US. A significant lesson learned from the Great Wenchuan earthquake, far beyond the opportunities to improve the seismic design provisions for bridges, is articulated.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Bridge damage; Ground motion; Landslide; Liquefaction; Loma Prieta earthquake; Northridge earthquake; San Fernando earthquake; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Bridge damage; Ground motion; Loma Prieta earthquake; Northridge earthquake; San Fernando earthquake; Wenchuan earthquake; Landslides; Liquefaction; Seismic design; Earthquakes
REFERENCES: Lrfd Bridge Design Specifications, (1998); 
Anastasopoulos, I. C., Design of bridges against large tectonic deformation, Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, 7, 4, pp. 345-368, (2008); 
undefined, (2009); 
undefined, (2009); 
undefined, (2009); 
Seismic Retrofitting Manual for Highway Structures Part 1 Bridges, (2006); 
Competing Against Time, (1990); 
undefined, (2009); 
undefined, (2009); 
Li, Jianzhong, Damage investigation of girder bridges under the Wenchuan earthquake and corresponding seismic design recommendations, Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, 7, 4, pp. 337-344, (2008)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Tang, C., Jing, Z., Jingtao, L.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Tang, Chuan (35932953300); Jing, Zhu (35096278800); Jingtao, Liang (59336615100)
35932953300; 35096278800; 59336615100
Emergency assessment of seismic landslide susceptibility: A case study of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake affected area
(2009) Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, 8 (2), pp. 207 - 217, Cited 35 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11803-009-9025-4
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-70349595899&doi=10.1007%2Fs11803-009-9025-4&partnerID=40&md5=168a602ba49f5e46727d56f59dfc2699

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: The 8.0 M<inf>w</inf> Wenchuan earthquake triggered widespread and large scale landslides in mountainous regions. An approach was used to map and assess landslide susceptibility in a given area. A numerical rating system was applied to five factors that contribute to slope instability. Factors such as lithology, topography, streams and faults have an important influence as event-controlling factors for landslide susceptibility assessment. A final map is provided to show areas of low, medium, and high landslide susceptibility. Areas identified as having high landslide susceptibility were located in the central, northeastern, and far south regions of the study area. The assessment results will help decision makers to select safe sites for emergency placement of refuges and plan for future reconstruction. The maps may also be used as a basis for landslide risk management in the study area.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: GIS; Landslide; Qingchuan area; Susceptibility; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Affected area; Controlling factors; Decision makers; GIS; Landslide susceptibility; Large-scale landslides; Mountainous regions; Numerical rating; Qingchuan area; Slope instability; Study areas; Susceptibility; Wenchuan earthquake; Earthquakes; Geographic information systems; Lithology; Risk analysis; Risk management; Landslides
REFERENCES: Akgun, Aykut, GIS-based landslide susceptibility for Arsin-Yomra (Trabzon, North Turkey) region, Environmental Geology, 51, 8, pp. 1377-1387, (2007); 
Conoscenti, Christian, GIS analysis to assess landslide susceptibility in a fluvial basin of NW Sicily (Italy), Geomorphology, 94, 3-4, pp. 325-339, (2008); 
Landslide Risk Assessment, (1997); 
García-Rodríguez, M. J., Susceptibility assessment of earthquake-triggered landslides in El Salvador using logistic regression, Geomorphology, 95, 3-4, pp. 172-191, (2008); 
Kamp, Ulrich, GIS-based landslide susceptibility mapping for the 2005 Kashmir earthquake region, Geomorphology, 101, 4, pp. 631-642, (2008); 
undefined, (2009); 
Analytic Hierarchy Process, (1980); 
Tang, Chuan, A study on compilation of landslide risk map, Journal of Natural Disasters, 13, 3, pp. 8-12, (2004); 
Van Westen, Cees J., Landslide hazard and risk zonation - Why is it still so difficult?, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 65, 2, pp. 167-184, (2006); 
Landslide Hazard Zonation A Review of Principles and Practice, (1984)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Qiao, Y.-X., Ma, Z.-S., Lv, F.-J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Qiao, Yanxiao (7202252842); Ma, Zhongshe (35079074200); Lv, Fengjun (56256945800)
7202252842; 35079074200; 56256945800
Characteristics and dynamic cause mechanism of the Wenchuan Earthquake geological hazards
(2009) Geology in China, 36 (3), pp. 736 - 741, Cited 11 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-70349132071&partnerID=40&md5=f364055993a9073a8bf9254e9d5106e9

AFFILIATIONS: Center of Hebei Remote Sensing, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China; Hebei Institute of Geological Survey, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
ABSTRACT: Geological hazards of the Wenchuan Great Earthquake are characterized by a wide affecting range and a high density. The main types of the geological hazards are collapse and landslide, the collapse occurs far more frequently than the landslide, and the secondary geological hazards are likely to be existent for a long period in future. These characteristics are caused mainly by die spread of the seismic waves from the inside of the earth's crust to die surface as well as the spread of the P wave after S wave, which results in the harm to the mountain's inside structure, followed by the loss of the stability of the surface rock. The differences between lithology, landform and rock inclination exert to a certain extent influence on the geological type and the spatial distribution. In the postearthquake reconstruction, the arduousness of the task and the protracted nature of the geological hazard control should be taken fully into account.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Characteristics; Geological hazards; Mechanism of dynamic cause; Seismic wave; Wenchuan Earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: collapse; earthquake event; earthquake mechanism; hazard assessment; landslide; lithology; seismic wave
REFERENCES: Without Conclusion about Die Debate of the Wenchuan Town Reconstruction to Enrage the Village People by Some Specialist View, (2009); 
To Delimit 51 Disaster Counties and Disaster Area Covering 130 Thousands km, (2009); 
Journal of Geological Hazards and Environment Preservation, (2007); 
Genesis Analysis of the Wenchuan Earthquake, (2009); 
Seismic Waves, (1975); 
Geological Disaster Control is A Long Lasting Task to Decrease Disaster Using New View and Technique, (2009)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Hu, X.W., Lü, X., Huang, R., Ren, X., Wang, X., Liu, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Hu, Xiewen (7404709509); Lü, Xiaoping (57218998935); Huang, Runqiu (55835407700); Ren, Xiaoming (27067975100); Wang, Xuerui (55950723000); Liu, Juan (55851777600)
7404709509; 57218998935; 55835407700; 27067975100; 55950723000; 55851777600
Analyses of river-blocking and breaking mode of "9·24" debris flow near Tangjiashan barrier dam
(2009) Xinan Jiaotong Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University, 44 (3), pp. 312 - 326, Cited 8 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-67650239342&partnerID=40&md5=e64a5ea9ef73a9929401632e464bf112

AFFILIATIONS: School of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Mianyang Water Authority, Mianyang, China
ABSTRACT: "5·12" Wenchuan earthquake caused a high-speed landslide on the Tangjiashan mountain to block the Tongkou river to form the Tangjiashan dammed lake. After a normal discharge on June 10, 2008, there were potential hazards of stability loss of remnant Tangjashan mountain body and debris flows in Dashui and Xiaoshui ditches on the right bank of Tangjashan barrier dam. Through an on-the-spot investigation, due to the effect of the earthquake collapses and landslides developed in Dashui, Xiaoshui and Wuming ditches to form extremely rich loose sources, having all conditions of slope and valley debris flows. That become one of the potential serious dangers of geological disasters after the Tangjiashan dammed lake had been successfully discharged and controlled the normal use of the Tangjiashan dammed lake. "6·14" and "9·24" debris flows, two large-scale debris flows occurring respectively on June 14 and September 24, 2008, made the Tongkou river blocked respectively for 4 and 17 h. Based on identifying the distribution and stability of loose sources in the three ditches on the right bank of the Tangjiashan barrier dam and importantly by combining the developmental situation of "9·24" debris flow, the developmental and dynamic features of the three ditches, especially the river-blocking situation at discharge spout of the Tangjiashan barrier dam and breaking mode when the three ditches break out debris flows at the same time under different rain frequencies, were analyzed systematically. The research result shows that the possibility that debris fans break once completely is very small after debris flows block the river, and the breaking mode is that firstly flood flows over the edge of debris fans, secondly crushes and scours the left of the barrier body, finally rushes out debris fans gradually. This mode provides a guidance and reference for the research on debris flow in the disaster areas after the Wenchuan earthquake.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Breaking; Debris flow; River-blocking; Tangjiashan dammed lake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Barrier dam; Breaking; Debris flow; Debris flows; Disaster areas; Dynamic features; Flood flow; Geological disaster; High-speed; Potential hazards; Research results; Stability loss; Tangjiashan dammed lake; Wenchuan Earthquake; Bearing capacity; Dams; Earthquakes; Fans; Lakes; Landforms; Landslides; Rivers; Debris
REFERENCES: Hu, Xiewen, Developmental features and evaluation of blocking dangers of Dashui Ditch debris flow in Tangjiashan dammed lake, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 28, 4, pp. 850-858, (2009); 
Hu, Xiewen, Analysis of blocking river mechanism of Tangjiashan landslide and dam-breaking mode of its barrier dam, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 28, 1, pp. 181-189, (2009); 
undefined, (2009); 
undefined, (2009); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2006); 
Hungr, Oldrich, Analysis of debris flow surges using the theory of uniformly progressive flow, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 25, 5, pp. 483-495, (2000); 
Landslide News, (1993); 
Debris Flow, (1991); 
Journal of Catastrophology, (2007); 
undefined, (2009)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Ji, S., Tang, Y., Hu, D., Wang, J., Tao, S.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Ji, Suiwang (55426759600); Tang, Yongjian (55231500300); Hu, Degui (54885126700); Wang, Jun (57221360574); Tao, Shuangjiang (56294493400)
55426759600; 55231500300; 54885126700; 57221360574; 56294493400
Analysis of typical seismic damages of highways in Wenchuan earthquake-induced hazard areas in Sichuan Province
(2009) Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 28 (6), pp. 1250 - 1260, Cited 47 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-67649199054&partnerID=40&md5=055184d7c32e0044400312b950d391e9

AFFILIATIONS: Sichuan Provincial Communications Department, Chengdu Aircraft Design and Research Institute, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: A comprehensive summary of the various damages on the national and provincial highways in Sichuan Province after the Wenchuan 8.0 earthquake is presented. Typical features of the damages on highway bridges, tunnels, subgrade and pavement have been given. The reasons of earthquake-induced damages have also been outlined from the geological and engineering viewpoints. There is close relation between the destructive degree of bridge and the distance of the earthquake fault. The destructive degree of tunnels is not only related to the distance of the earthquake fault, but also related to tunnel surrounding rock lithology. The soft-hard alternant sediment rock tunnels near the earthquake fault have been seriously destroyed while the granite tunnel has slight damage. The seismic damage of the side slope is closely related to the distance of the earthquake fault, the rock lithology of the side slope and the slope angle. The secondary geological disaster is very serious, which is caused by collapse and landslide of steep slopes formed by granite rock, lime rock and sand rock near earthquake fault.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Destruction; Highway engineering; Typical earthquake-induced damages; Wenchuan 8.0 earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Destruction; Earthquake fault; Earthquake-induced damage; Geological disaster; Granite rock; Hazard areas; Rock tunnel; Sand rock; Seismic damage; Sichuan province; Side slope; Slope angles; Steep slope; Tunnel surrounding rock; Typical earthquake-induced damages; Wenchuan 8.0 earthquake; Wenchuan Earthquake; Granite; Highway bridges; Highway engineering; Lithology; Petrology; Rocks; Tunnels; Earthquakes
REFERENCES: Seismology and Geology, (2008); 
Loss assessment of Wenchuan Earthquake, 28, 5, pp. 10-19; 
Earthquake Resistant Engineering and Retrofitting, (2008); 
Catastrophic Landslides in China, (2008); 
Xie, Heping, Wenchuan large earthquake and post-earthquake reconstruction-related geotechnical problems, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 27, 9, pp. 1781-1791, (2008); 
Yang, Zhifa, Earthquake-induced geological hazards in west of Anxian county and considerations of engineering geomechanical problems, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 27, 9, pp. 1807-1813, (2008); 
Huang, Runqiu, Research on development and distribution rules of geohazards induced by Wenchuan earthquake on 12th May, 2008, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 27, 12, pp. 2585-2592, (2008); 
Emergency Investigation and Getting Through National and Provincial Highways in Sichuan Province After 5 12 Wenchuan 8 0 Earthquake, (2008); 
undefined, (2008); 
Conclusion of Detecting and Evaluating of National and Provincial Highways in Sichuan Province After Amp Quot 5 12 Amp Quot Wenchuan Earthquake, (2008)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Sato, H.P., Harp, E.L.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Sato, Hiroshi P. (55633316632); Harp, Edwin L. (6603753438)
55633316632; 6603753438
Interpretation of earthquake-induced landslides triggered by the 12 May 2008, M7.9 Wenchuan earthquake in the Beichuan area, Sichuan Province, China using satellite imagery and Google Earth
(2009) Landslides, 6 (2), pp. 153 - 159, Cited 152 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s10346-009-0147-6
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-67349233094&doi=10.1007%2Fs10346-009-0147-6&partnerID=40&md5=1a936357ecbdbf134e4d236a981599f9

AFFILIATIONS: Geography and Crustal Dynamics Research Center, Geospatial Information Authority of Japan, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; Geological Survey, Denver Federal Center, Denver, CO, United States
ABSTRACT: The 12 May 2008 M7.9 Wenchuan earthquake in the People's Republic of China represented a unique opportunity for the international community to use commonly available GIS (Geographic Information System) tools, like Google Earth (GE), to rapidly evaluate and assess landslide hazards triggered by the destructive earthquake and its aftershocks. In order to map earthquake-triggered landslides, we provide details on the applicability and limitations of publicly available 3-day-post- and pre-earthquake imagery provided by GE from the FORMOSAT-2 (formerly ROCSAT-2; Republic of China Satellite 2). We interpreted landslides on the 8-m-resolution FORMOSAT-2 image by GE; as a result, 257 large landslides were mapped with the highest concentration along the Beichuan fault. An estimated density of 0.3 landslides/km2 represents a minimum bound on density given the resolution of available imagery; higher resolution data would have identified more landslides. This is a preliminary study, and further study is needed to understand the landslide characteristics in detail. Although it is best to obtain landslide locations and measurements from satellite imagery having high resolution, it was found that GE is an effective and rapid reconnaissance tool. © 2009 Springer-Verlag.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Earthquake; FORMOSAT-2; Google Earth; Landslides; Satellite; Sichuan; SPOT5; Wenchuan
INDEX KEYWORDS: FORMOSAT-2; Google Earth; Sichuan; SPOT5; Wenchuan; Earthquakes; Geographic information systems; Internet; Landslides; Satellite imagery; aftershock; earthquake; GIS; hazard assessment; landslide; satellite imagery; Sichuan earthquake 2008; SPOT; Asia; Beichuan; China; Eurasia; Far East
REFERENCES: Colesanti, Carlo, Investigating landslides with space-borne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) interferometry, Engineering Geology, 88, 3-4, pp. 173-199, (2006); 
Dai, Fuchu, The 1786 earthquake-triggered landslide dam and subsequent dam-break flood on the Dadu River, southwestern China, Geomorphology, 65, 3-4, pp. 205-221, (2005); 
Densmore, Alexander Logan, Active tectonics of the Beichuan and Pengguan faults at the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, Tectonics, 26, 4, (2007); 
Acta Geologica Sinica, (2008); 
Crustal Deformation and Source Fault of the Sichuan Wenchuan Earthquake in 2008, (2008); 
Google Earth; 
undefined, (2008); 
undefined, (2008); 
undefined, (2006); 
Parise, Mario, A seismic landslide susceptibility rating of geologic units based on analysis of characterstics of landslides triggered by the 17 January, 1994 Northridge, California earthquake, Engineering Geology, 58, 3-4, pp. 251-270, (2000)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wang, Z.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wang, Zhaoyin (35486457100)
35486457100
Avalanches and landslides induced by the wenchuan earthquake, sichuan, china [part 1]
(2009) Journal of Hydraulic Research/De Recherches Hydrauliques, 47 (2 SUPPL. 2), pp. 24 - 26, Cited 0 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-65949113838&partnerID=40&md5=d2425f580143d4f9bb4a632d5aee56dc

AFFILIATIONS: Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: The Wenchuan Earthquake is a great earthquake measured at 8.0 Ms occurred in Chengdu the capital of Sichuan with a depth of 19km in 2008 caused extensive damage to life and property and induced several rockfalls, avalanches, and landslides due to riverbed incision in the area. The investigations conducted through satellite images reported the total of 11,700 avalanches and landslides on the steep bank slopes of numerous streams in the quake hit area of 2260 km2. The increased erosion rate due to rockslide and landslide further steepen the slopes by 40 degrees at the Minjiang River, along with the heavy production of granular materials as a result of weathering and shaking. The seismic ground motion also affected the local stress field right beneath topographic surface, producing coarse debris along huge diameters and as a result the cajoled avalanches and landslides clustered around high points and deposit debris than on channel floors of the rivers.
INDEX KEYWORDS: Bank slope; Chengdu; Erosion rates; Great earthquake; Local stress; Minjiang River; Rockfalls; Satellite images; Seismic ground motions; Sichuan; Sichuan , China; Wenchuan Earthquake; Debris; Earthquakes; Erosion; Landslides; Rock bursts; Weathering; debris avalanche; earthquake event; earthquake magnitude; erosion rate; ground motion; landslide; rockfall; satellite imagery; Sichuan earthquake 2008; slope; stress field; weathering; Asia; China; Eurasia; Far East; Min River [Sichuan]; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Investigation of Sediment Erosion Induced by the, (2008); 
Landslides from Massive Rock Slope Failure, (2006); 
Times Mirror Higher Education Group Wiktpedia, (1996)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wang, E.C., Meng, Q.R.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wang, Erchie (7403413974); Meng, Qingren (7202535653)
7403413974; 7202535653
Mesozoic and cenozoic tectonic evolution of the Longmenshan fault belt
(2009) Science in China, Series D: Earth Sciences, 52 (5), pp. 579 - 592, Cited 119 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11430-009-0053-8
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-65549148293&doi=10.1007%2Fs11430-009-0053-8&partnerID=40&md5=bf614897895a7c9ad3dcbdf484c54966

AFFILIATIONS: Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: The giant earthquake (M<inf>s</inf>=8.0) in Wenchuan on May 12, 2008 was triggered by oblique convergence between the Tibetan Plateau and the South China along the Longmenshan fault belt. The Longmenshan fault belt marks an important component of the tectonic and geomorphological boundary between the eastern and western part of China and has a protracted tectonic history. It was first formed as an intracontinental transfer fault, patitioning the differential deformation between the Pacific and Tethys tectonic domains, initiated in late Paleozoic-early Mesozoic time, then served as the eastern boundary of the Tibetan Plateau to accommodate the growth of the plateau in Cenozoic. Its current geological and geomorphological frameworks are the result of superimposition of these two tectonic events. In Late Triassic, the Longmenshan underwent left-slip oblique NW-SE shortening due to the clockwise rotation of the Yangtze Block, which led to the flexural subsidence of the Sichuan foreland basin, but after that, the subsidence of the Sichuan Basin seems no longer controlled by the tectonic activity of the Longmenshan fault belt. The Meosozoic tectonic evolution of the Songpan-Ganzi fold belt differs significantly compared with that of the Yangtze Platform, featured by intensive northeast and southwest shortening and resulted in the close of the Paleo-Tethys. Aerial photos taken immediately after main shock of the giant May 12, 2008 earthquake have documented extensive rock fall and landslides that represent one of the most destructive aspects of the earthquake. Both rock avalanches and landslides delivered a huge volume of debris into the middle part of the Minjiang River, and formed many dammed lakes. Breaching of these natural dams can be catastrophic, as occurred in the Diexi area along the upstream of the Minjiang River in the year of 1933 that led to devastating floodings. The resultant flood following the breaching of these dams flowed through and out of the Longmenshan belt into the Chengdu Plain, bringing a huge volume of sediments. The oldest alluvial deposits within the Chengdu Plain are estimated to be Late Miocene (8-13 Ma). We suggest that the flooding that transported the course-grained sediments into the Chengdu Plain occurred in late Cenozoic, resulted from both the climate and the historical earthquakes similar to the May 12 earthquake. Estimated age of the sediments related to earthquakes and coeval shortening across the Chengdu Plain indicate that the eastern margin of the plateau became seismically and tectonically active in Late Miocene. © Science in China Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH 2009.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Chengdu Plain; Flooding; Landslide; Longmenshan; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Aerial photos; Alluvial deposits; Cenozoic; Chengdu Plain; Clockwise rotations; Differential deformations; Flooding; Fold belts; Foreland basins; Grained sediments; Historical earthquakes; Late cenozoic; Late Miocene; Late Paleozoic; Late Triassic; Longmenshan; Main shocks; Mesozoic; Minjiang rivers; Natural dams; Paleo-Tethys; Rock avalanches; Rock falls; Sichuan; Sichuan basins; South chinas; Tectonic activities; Tectonic events; Tectonic evolutions; Tectonic history; Tibetan plateaux; Transfer faults; Wenchuan earthquake; Yangtze blocks; Dams; Debris; Earthquakes; Geochronology; Landslides; Mine flooding; Rock bursts; Sedimentology; Subsidence; Tectonics; Floods; convergence; deformation; earthquake event; earthquake magnitude; fault zone; flooding; landslide; tectonic evolution; Asia; Chengdu; China; Eurasia; Far East; Longmen Mountains; Qinghai-Xizang Plateau
REFERENCES: Burchfiel, B. Clark, A geological and geophysical context for the Wenchuan earthquake of 12 May 2008, Sichuan, People's Republic of China, GSA Today, 18, 7, pp. 4-11, (2008); 
Zhang, Peizlien Zhen, Slip rates and recurrence intervals of the Longmen Shan active fault zone, and tectonic implications for the mechanism of the May 12 Wenchuan earthquake, 2008, Sichuan, China, Acta Geophysica Sinica, 51, 4, pp. 1066-1073, (2008); 
Xiwei, Xu, The MS8.0 Wenchuan earthquake surface ruptures and its seismogenic structure, Dizhen Dizhi, 30, 3, pp. 597-629, (2008); 
Yong, Li, Surface rupture, thrusting and strike-slipping in the Wenchuan earthquake of Sichuan, China, Journal of Chengdu University of Technology (Science and Technology Edition), 35, 4, pp. 404-413, (2008); 
On Major Tectonic Forms of China, (1954); 
Uplift of Longmen Mountain Orogenic Belt and the Formation and Evolution of Sichuan Basin, (1997); 
Burchfiel, B. Clark, Tectonics of the Longmen Shan and Adjacent Regions, Central China, International Geology Review, 37, 8, pp. 661-735, (1995); 
Orogenic Processes of the Songpan Garze Orogenic Belt of China, (1992); 
Wang, Erchie, Late Cenozoic Xianshuihe-Xiaojiang, Red River, and Dali fault systems of Southwestern Sichuan and Central Yunnan, China, Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, 327, pp. 1-108, (1998); 
Jones, Lucile M., Focal mechanisms and aftershock locations of the Songpan earthquakes of August 1976 in Sichuan, China., Journal of Geophysical Research, 89, B9, pp. 7697-7707, (1984)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Kong, J., Cui, Y., Tian, S., Fayou, F.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Kong, Jiming (55793897000); Cui, Yun (57188824346); Tian, Shujun (36609420200); Fayou, A. (36607707800)
55793897000; 57188824346; 36609420200; 36607707800
Typical case study on the development characteristics of fragmentation-sliding seismic landslide
(2009) Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 41 (3), pp. 119 - 124, Cited 15 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-67649290128&partnerID=40&md5=b2b90a855a15b31002063bf43bf66235

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: A large number of seismic landslides have been induced by Wenchuan Earthquake, among which a universal seismic landslide type was fragmentation-sliding seismic landslide, with the unique sliding characteristics and complexity of power mechanism. In order to study the development characteristics of this kind of seismic landslide, Niujuan Ditch seismic landslide in Yingxiu of Wenchuan County was used as a typical example. Initially, the critical control factors of the formation for the fragmentation-sliding such as landforms, litho logy, slope structure, the role of seismic were studied. Then a detailed interpretation of the process of fragmentation-sliding with four stages and 7 turning points of the direction-'slide to start-collision fragments-debris slide-the accumulation of stagnant' were given. The application of the mechanism-'seismic start-fragmentation-accelerating' has an efficient explanation for why there are features of ultra-high-speed, slip away-way, large-scale for seismic landslide, which will be a typical and academic significance.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: '5·12' Wenchuan Earthquake; Fragmentation-sliding landslide; Niujuan Ditch; Seismic landslide
INDEX KEYWORDS: Control factors; Debris slide; Fragmentation-sliding landslide; Niujuan Ditch; Power mechanisms; Seismic landslide; Slope structure; Turning points; Ultra high speed; Wenchuan Earthquake; Debris; Earthquakes; Landslides
REFERENCES: Romeo, Roberto Walter, Seismically induced landslide displacements: A predictive model, Engineering Geology, 58, 3-4, pp. 337-351, (2000); 
Papadopoulos, Gerassimos A., Magnitude-distance relations for earthquake-induced landslides in Greece, Engineering Geology, 58, 3-4, pp. 377-386, (2000); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2001); 
Huang, Jianliang, Dynamic analysis of seismic stability of slopes, 17, 4, pp. 121-122, (1997); 
Geological Review, (1996); 
undefined, (2009); 
Huang, Runqiu, Research on development and distribution rules of geohazards induced by Wenchuan earthquake on 12th May, 2008, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 27, 12, pp. 2585-2592, (2008); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2008); 
Science and Technology Review, (2008); 
Xiwei, Xu, The MS8.0 Wenchuan earthquake surface ruptures and its seismogenic structure, Dizhen Dizhi, 30, 3, pp. 597-629, (2008)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Li, X., Kong, J., Deng, H.-Y., Cui, Y., Tian, S., F.-Y, Fa-You
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Li, Xiuzhen (56237865700); Kong, Jiming (55793897000); Deng, Hongyan (26655505800); Cui, Yun (57188824346); Tian, Shujun (36609420200); F.-Y, Fa You (26656666800)
56237865700; 55793897000; 26655505800; 57188824346; 36609420200; 26656666800
Analysis on characteristics and deformation failure mode of large-scale landslides induced by '5·12' Wenchuan Earthquake
(2009) Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 41 (3), pp. 72 - 77, Cited 20 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-67649268588&partnerID=40&md5=a3f3056136336cc6f310660b5c070fda

AFFILIATIONS: Civil Engineering College, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: The stability of slopes in earthquake disaster areas has not only been largely decreased by '5·12' Wenchuan earthquake, but also a large number of geological hazards such as landslides and so on, have been induced in the areas. On the basis of thoroughly surveying on the landslides induced by the earthquake in the disaster areas, basic characteristics of the typical landslides was summarized. Taking the Donghekou landslide of Qingchuan county as an example, basic characteristics and deformation failure mode of the large-scale landslide was analyzed and discussed. The results showed that the landslide belongs to high-speed and long-distance slope movement in the action of intense earthquake. The movement stage can be approximately separated into three stages of sliding in setting out, flying and colliding of short-distance, and flowing of long-distance. The destabilization failure mode can be simply generalized into tension→crack extended, running-through→slope instability and fiying off→landslide disaggregation, flowing→deposit.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Basic characteristics; Destabilization failure mode; Large-scale earthquake-induced landslide; Wenchuan Earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Basic characteristics; Deformation failure; Destabilization failure mode; Disaggregation; Disaster areas; Earthquake disaster; Geological hazards; High-speed; Large-scale earthquake-induced landslide; Large-scale landslides; Slope instability; Stability of slopes; Three stages; Typical landslide; Wenchuan Earthquake; Deformation; Earthquakes; Failure modes; Quality assurance; Landslides
REFERENCES: Journal of Catastrophology, (2003); 
Journal of Geological Hazards and Environment Preservation, (1995); 
Northwestern Seismological Journal, (1994); 
Wang, Huabin, Analysis of a spatial distribution of landslides triggered by the 2004 Chuetsu earthquakes of Niigata Prefecture, Japan, Natural Hazards, 41, 1, pp. 43-60, (2007); 
Keefer, David K., LANDSLIDES CAUSED BY EARTHQUAKES., Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 95, 4, pp. 406-421, (1984); 
Keefer, David K., Investigating landslides caused by earthquakes - A historical review, Surveys in Geophysics, 23, 6, pp. 473-510, (2002); 
Earthquake Research in Shanxi, (1994); 
Research of Soil and Water Conservation, (2001); 
undefined, (2009); 
undefined, (2009)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Cui, P., Han, Y.S., Chen, X.Q.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Cui, Peng (56706923500); Han, Yongshun (8045872900); Chen, Xiaoqing (55739112600)
56706923500; 8045872900; 55739112600
Distribution and risk analysis of dammed lakes reduced by Wenchuan earthquake
(2009) Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 41 (3), pp. 35 - 42, Cited 49 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-67649240495&partnerID=40&md5=36cadca9a040631779a69707e80ef267

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, China
ABSTRACT: On 12 May 2008, a devastating mega-earthquake of magnitude 8.0 struck the Wenchuan area, northwestern Sichuan province, China. Wenchuan earthquake with Seismic has intensity 11 inevitably impaired the stability of mountains in the course of massive reverse-thrust strike-slip motion in the fault zone. Geohazards approaching of about 20 thousands were triggered with the types of rock fall, rock avalanches, landslides, debris flows, and earthquake-lakes. The features of the debris dams were examined using the 124 breadth of ADS40 images obtained by airplane during 15 to 28 May 2008, which figured out the 256 dammed lakes with the features of distributing along ruptured zone and river channel. The farther analysis found that the number of dammed lakes reduce with the increase of distance to rupture and obey exponential relation with the correlation coefficient of 0.9699. According to the investigation data, a quick risk evaluation on the potential of outburst of dammed lakes was performed using the indices of material composition of dam, dam height, and water storage capacity of the dam. The dammed lakes were classified as extremely high risk, high risk, medium risk and low risk. The failure risk of 21 debris dams were evaluated according to the indices as 1 with an extremely high danger risk, 7 with a high danger, 5 with a medium danger and 8 of low danger. The risk evaluation result was totally accepted by state earthquake disaster relief office. And emergency dam treatment for risk reduction was planned based on the assessment which was carried out in successful. The earthquake destroyed the stability of the slopes and produced numerous loose soil and debris in tributaries, which resulting in a prolonged geo-hazards for the area. Landslides and debris flows will continue to develop for at least five to ten years after the Wenchuan earthquake and will cause additional dammed lakes. After then, the probability of dammed lake formation will go down as less activation of landslides and debris-flows.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Dammed lake/quake lake; Debris flow; Landslide; Risk evaluation; Wenhuan Earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Correlation coefficient; Dam height; Dammed lake/quake lake; Debris flow; Debris flows; Earthquake disaster; Exponential relation; Failure risk; Fault zone; Geohazards; Lake formation; Loose soils; Material compositions; Risk evaluation; Risk reductions; River channels; Rock avalanche; Rockfall; Sichuan province; Strike-slip motion; Water storage capacity; Wenchuan Earthquake; Wenhuan Earthquake; Dams; Debris; Disaster prevention; Earthquakes; Lakes; Landslides; Risk analysis; Rock bursts; Safety factor; Risk assessment
REFERENCES: undefined, (2009); 
Chen, Y. J., Breach of a naturally embanked dam on Yalong River, Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 19, 5, pp. 811-818, (1992); 
undefined, (2009); 
undefined, (2009); 
Chai, Hejun, The distribution, causes and effects of damming landslides in China, Journal of the Chengdu Institute of Technology, 27, 3, pp. 302-307, (2000); 
Quaternary Sciences, (2004); 
Kallen, D., Landslides at Qingjiang River in the downstream area of Shuibuya dam site, China, Journal of China University of Geosciences, 17, 2, pp. 158-162, (2006); 
Documented Historical Landslide Dams from Around the World, (1991); 
Clague, John Joseph, Formation and failure of natural dams in the Canadian Cordillera, Bulletin of the Geological Survey of Canada, 464, (1994); 
Casagli, Nicola, Determining grain size distribution of the material composing landslide dams in the Northern Apennines: Sampling and processing methods, Engineering Geology, 69, 1-2, pp. 83-97, (2003)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Liu, J., You, Y., Fan, J., Lü, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Liu, Jinfeng (59454532200); You, Yong (35811595800); Fan, Jianrong (8727506000); Lü, Juan (55701438400)
59454532200; 35811595800; 8727506000; 55701438400
The study on the potential debris flow triggered by Wenchuan earthquake: A case study of the Guanshan gully in the upper reaches of Minjiang river
(2009) Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 41 (SUPPL.), pp. 70 - 75, Cited 3 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-67649226137&partnerID=40&md5=872725dd535afcc3ed4a2cb09cc0f47c

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: After the Wenchuan earthquake, a lot of potential debris flow gullies are activated as active debris flow gullies because of the earthquake. These debris flow gullies will be in the active period for a long time in the future. The debris flow outbreak scale and frequency increase obviously, which threatens life and property safety of the people in the disaster area and influences the reconstruction of the disaster area. This paper takes Guanshan gully in the upper minjiang river as an example to discuss about the cause, starting mode and damage of the potential debris flow triggered by the earthquake preliminarily. The Guanshan gully can be defined as a typical potential debris flow gully through the interpretation of remote sensing image before the earthquake and aerial image after the earthquake. The Guanshan gully changes from a potential debris flow gully into an active and high-frequency debris flow gully. The cause is that the earthquake results in many collapses and landslides in the basin, which provides rich material sources for the debris flow. Through estimation, there are 2 landslides, 21 collapses and 7.8 million m3 loose solid materials in the Guanshan gully. The starting mode of the debris flow in the Guanshan gully is that under the condition of precipitation, the landslides in the upper basin turn into debris flows, then with the acceptance of the materials runoff scoured from the two-side slope surface, the debris flows scour the loose materials in the gully bed strongly to increase debris flow scale at the same time, therefore harmful debris flows are formed. If the rainstorm frequency of P equals to 1% or 2%, the blockage caused by debris flows has more possibility. Once debris flows block the main river, the blockage backwater and outburst flood will threaten the safety of people's life and property in the upper and lower river. at the same time, debris flow will threaten the safety of "213 provincial road".
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Guanshan Gully; Potential debris flow gully; Upper reaches of Minjiang River; Wenchuan Earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Aerial images; Debris flow scale; Debris flows; Disaster areas; Guanshan Gully; High frequency HF; Loose materials; Minjiang River; Potential debris flow gully; Remote sensing images; Side slope; Solid material; Starting mode; Upper reaches of Minjiang River; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes; Image reconstruction; Landslides; Remote sensing; Rivers; Water; Debris
REFERENCES: Journal of Mountain Science, (2008); 
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences, (2008); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2008); 
Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology, (2007); 
undefined, (1981); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2008); 
undefined, (2009); 
undefined, (2009); 
Resour Environ Yangtze River Basin, (2004); 
Journal of Catastrophology, (2007)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wang, L., Zhao, N., Li, T.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wang, Laigui (40762474300); Zhao, Na (57200191358); Li, Tianbin Bing (8357577300)
40762474300; 57200191358; 8357577300
Finite element simulation of collapse and sliding of slope with single weak plane induced by strong earthquake
(2009) Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 28 (SUPPL. 1), pp. 3163 - 3167, Cited 6 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-67649212644&partnerID=40&md5=4e0ad2105d103016f70a09c167467461

AFFILIATIONS: School of Mechanical Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin, Liaoning, China; State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: Based on the characteristics of collapse and landslide induced by Wenchuan earthquake that the quantity, the distribution density and the influential area, etc. are large, the damage mechanism of the complex structural slope is analyzed under strong earthquake, and the different stress-strain curves of some points in slope are given under microseism and strong earthquake. It is pointed that slope will generate additional stress under the effect of earthquake. The superposition of the additional stress and the original stress forms the total stress. When the total stress is larger than the tensile strength of the rock, tensile fracture occurs. The tensile fracture criterion is given. The finite element method is used to simulate tensile fracture process of slope with single weak plane under strong earthquake. The following conclusions can be drawn. When the first principal(tensile) stress is greater than or equal to tensile strength of rock, it cracks and can not bear tensile stress but compressive stress; if the total stress state meets the plastic yield criterion, shear failure occurs; the tensile fracture region cumulates continuously during earthquake dynamic, that is, the loose degree and the loose range become increase; and the slope containing weak plane can easily crack along the weak plane under earthquake.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Collapse and sliding; Finite element simulation; Slope engineering; Strong earthquake; Weak plane
INDEX KEYWORDS: Collapse and sliding; Finite element simulation; Slope engineering; Strong earthquake; Weak plane; Cracks; Finite element method; Fracture; Graph theory; Slope protection; Strength of materials; Stress-strain curves; Tensile strength; Tensile stress; Earthquakes
REFERENCES: Recent Developments in World Seismology, (2008); 
Dynamic and Stability of Landslide Under Earthquake Loading, (2006); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2008); 
Catastrophic Landslides in China, (2008); 
Yao, Wenbo, Investigation and analysis of collapses and landslides on the Loess Plateau of East Gansu Province after the 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake, Shengtai Xuebao, 28, 12, pp. 5917-5926, (2008); 
Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, (1999); 
Wang, Laigui, Numerical simulation method of rock bearing tension damage, Liaoning Gongcheng Jishu Daxue Xuebao (Ziran Kexue Ban)/Journal of Liaoning Technical University (Natural Science Edition), 26, 2, pp. 198-200, (2007); 
Wang, Laigui, Finite element numerical simulation of tension fracture of en-echelon faults, Liaoning Gongcheng Jishu Daxue Xuebao (Ziran Kexue Ban)/Journal of Liaoning Technical University (Natural Science Edition), 27, 2, pp. 204-206, (2008); 
undefined, (2008); 
Qiu, Feng, Finite element method simulating failure of rock material, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 26, SUPPL. 1, pp. 2663-2668, (2007)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Hu, X.W., Zhu, H.-Y., Lv, X.P., Huang, R., Zhang, X., Chen, S., Shi, Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Hu, Xiewen (7404709509); Zhu, Haiyong (56131434500); Lv, Xiaoping (35211485000); Huang, Runqiu (55835407700); Zhang, Xuan (55715350700); Chen, Shiyong (35209811900); Shi, Yubing (55495709800)
7404709509; 56131434500; 35211485000; 55835407700; 55715350700; 35209811900; 55495709800
Research on trigger effecting of earthquake geohazards in Tang Jiashan dammed lake (Beichuan to Yuli)
(2009) Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 41 (3), pp. 63 - 71, Cited 1 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-67649209041&partnerID=40&md5=88497dc29168ce109435819b2d63ed16

AFFILIATIONS: School of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China; Chengdu Hydroelectric Investigation and Design Institute, China Hydropower Consulting Group, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: '5·12' Wenchuan large earthquake has the characteristics of high seismic magnitude, strong destructive, and serious secondary geological hazard. Through the field geological investigations of geohazards in Tang Jiashan dammed lake (Beichuan to Yuli) before and after the earthquake, it was found that the amount of rockfall, landslide, debris flow changed into 7, 51, 10 from 5, 3, 0 separately after earthquake;geohazards development density and modulus changed into 1.35 and 104 from 0.26 per kilometer and 460 thousand m3/km. The effecting of slope failure induced by earthquake was quite significant. Based on the field geological investigations and subsection analysis, the following recognitions were obtained which induced: 1) The distance to triggering seismic fault is shorter and geohazards devel opment density is higher, as far as Tang Jiashan dammed lake (Beichuan to Yuli) is con-cerned, the earthquake geohazards development strongly within limits of 3 km distance to the hanging wall of triggering seismic fault, middle development within limits from 3 km to 6 km, weakly development within limits from 6 km to 20 km, it that the distance beyond 20 km has not influence. 2) The earthquake geohazards mainly development in oblique-bedding bank slope and the geohazards mainly are large and huge landslide, and river blocking up happens frequently; the earthquake geohazards are no development in the whole in oblique-conversing bank slope, and the geohazards mainly are rockfall which mostly occur at thin mountain ridge and steep terrain. 3) The whole reactivation of large accumulation body induced by earthquake is mainly controlled by terrain gradient and micro morphologic unit. Terrain gradien beyond 40° and turning position from gentle slope to steep slope are sufficient conditions for that old landslide or accumulation body wholely or locally losing stability induced by earthquake.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: '5·12' Wenchuan earthquake; Earthquake geohazards; Tang Jiashan dammed lake; Tongkou River in Beichuan; Trigger effecting
INDEX KEYWORDS: Bank slope; Before and after; Debris flows; Development density; Geohazards; Geological hazards; Geological investigation; Mountain ridges; Rockfall; Seismic faults; Slope failure; Steep slope; Sufficient conditions; Tang Jiashan dammed lake; Tongkou River in Beichuan; Trigger effecting; Debris; Lakes; Landslides; Rivers; Rock bursts; Earthquakes
REFERENCES: Huang, Runqiu, Research on development and distribution rules of geohazards induced by Wenchuan earthquake on 12th May, 2008, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 27, 12, pp. 2585-2592, (2008); 
Chinese Geological Education, (2008); 
undefined, (2009); 
Huang, Runqiu, Large-scale landslides and their sliding mechanisms in China since the 20th century, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 26, 3, pp. 433-454, (2007); 
Hu, Xiewen, Analysis of blocking river mechanism of Tangjiashan landslide and dam-breaking mode of its barrier dam, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 28, 1, pp. 181-189, (2009); 
undefined, (2009); 
undefined, (2006); 
Deng, Jianhui, Geological origin and stability evaluation of Siwancun landslide in Luding county, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 26, 10, pp. 1945-1950, (2007)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zhou, H., Yang, X., Li, H., Li, S.-J., Gao, X.-J., Qiao, L.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhou, Hongwei (57194786886); Yang, Xingguo (35742406600); Li, Hongtao (57194584566); Li, Shujian (35201080200); Gao, Xingji (35200644800); Qiao, Lu (35211495400)
57194786886; 35742406600; 57194584566; 35201080200; 35200644800; 35211495400
Risk-elimination techniques and management of earthquake lakes
(2009) Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 41 (3), pp. 96 - 101, Cited 11 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-67649209036&partnerID=40&md5=507ba36cd94e8a0ba10b7d41c311f4bf

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; The Third General Hydroelectric Troop, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: Wenchuan earthquake caused hundreds of earthquake lakes with a block-height over 10 m, water storage over 1.0×105 m3 and a catchment area more than 20 km2. Different types of earthquake lakes are required corresponding disposal approaches, depending on different hazard degree to downstream, conditions of geology, geomorphology and hydrology, and scale and particle sizes of block-body. Based on the risk-elimination practice on earthquake lakes, at the Tangjiashan in Beichuan County, Laohuyzui in Dujiangyan city, the risk-elimination techniques, protection and integrated management of earthquake lakes were discussed. The key techniques applied in the risk-elimination of Quake lakes, including site survey, risk assessment, design of discharge sluice channel, selection of construction method and equipments as well as post-emergency disposal evaluation, were summarized.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Landslide Lakes; Management; Risk-elimination techniques; Wenchuan Earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Catchment area; Construction method; Elimination techniques; Hazard degree; Integrated management; Key techniques; Site surveys; Water storage; Wenchuan Earthquake; Catchments; Construction equipment; Earthquakes; Geomorphology; Lakes; Landslides; Risk assessment; Risk management; Site selection; Water; Decision making
REFERENCES: undefined, (2009); 
undefined, (2009); 
undefined, (2009); 
undefined, (2009); 
undefined, (2009); 
undefined, (2009); 
undefined, (2009); 
undefined, (2009); 
undefined, (2009); 
undefined, (2009)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zhou, J.-W., Yang, X., Li, H., Zhou, H., Cao, P.-F., Qiao, L.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhou, Jia-wen (14064231100); Yang, Xingguo (35742406600); Li, Hongtao (57194584566); Zhou, Hongwei (57194786886); Cao, Peng Fei (57203078695); Qiao, Lu (35211495400)
14064231100; 35742406600; 57194584566; 57194786886; 57203078695; 35211495400
Engineering geo-mechanics analysis of the barrier lake in Baisha river at Dujiangyan city induced by Wenchuan Earthquake
(2009) Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 41 (3), pp. 102 - 164, Cited 7 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-67649200363&partnerID=40&md5=072ebb81bd4449bf97c078f8ef011f74

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Barrier lakes caused by Wenchuan earthquake is a typical secondary geological disasters. Based on the site engineering geological findings and regional engineering geological conditions of three barrier lakes of Jiadanwan, Yaozigou, and Guanmenshan, located in Baisha river no-man's land, the formation and status of the barrier lakes, were analyzed. The results showed that barrier lake are a result of the earthquake triggered landslides walling up river, due to landslide volume is huge, and quickly dashed from the side to the other side of the valley, creating a barrier lake with one high side and another low side. Then the seepage stability of barrier lake dam and the slope stability of reservoir banks were analyzed, combined with the scene emergency treatment measures of the barrier lake. Some recommendations for dealing with the three barrier lake were put forward. The Jiadanwan barrier lake and Yaozigou barrier lake should be treated, at the same time the Guanmenshan barrier lake should also be corresponding treatment.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Barrier lake; Engineering geo-mechanics; Engineering geology; Geological hazards; Safety evaluation; Wenchuan Earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Barrier lake; Emergency treatment; Engineering geological condition; Geological disaster; Geological hazards; Mechanics analysis; Reservoir bank; Safety evaluation; Seepage stability; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes; Engineering; Engineering geology; Landslides; Mechanics; Reservoirs (water); Rivers; Safety engineering; Slope protection; Lakes
REFERENCES: Huang, Runqiu, Research on development and distribution rules of geohazards induced by Wenchuan earthquake on 12th May, 2008, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 27, 12, pp. 2585-2592, (2008); 
Chinese Geological Education, (2008); 
undefined, (2009); 
Xie, Heping, Wenchuan large earthquake and post-earthquake reconstruction-related geotechnical problems, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 27, 9, pp. 1781-1791, (2008); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2008); 
Yang, Zhifa, Earthquake-induced geological hazards in west of Anxian county and considerations of engineering geomechanical problems, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 27, 9, pp. 1807-1813, (2008); 
Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation, (2008); 
Wu, Zhenhan, Types of seismic and geological hazards caused by the Ms 8. 0 Wenchuan earthquake, Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition), 82, 12, pp. 1747-1757, (2008); 
Li, Hongnan Nanb, Damage investigation and analysis of engineering structures in the Wenchuan earthquake, Jianzhu Jiegou Xuebao/Journal of Building Structures, 29, 4, pp. 10-19, (2008); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2008)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Su, F.H., Cui, P., Ge, Y., Liu, Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Su, Fenghuan (14033176000); Cui, Peng (56706923500); Ge, Yonggang (26039083000); Liu, Yinghui (36647679000)
14033176000; 56706923500; 26039083000; 36647679000
Impact of mountain hazards induced by Wenchuan Earthquake on the hydropower projects along Dujiangyan-Wenchuan highway
(2009) Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 41 (3), pp. 151 - 156, Cited 2 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-67649200361&partnerID=40&md5=2715ef9a5ffb822e2d35c3f01cf2fa64

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Wenchuan Earthquake, which occurred on May 12, 2008 in Sichuan Province of China, has the characteristic of high earthquake magnitude, great intensity, wide area and serious disaster. The secondary mountain hazards caused heavy casualties, serious property damage, and the emergency rescue system of roads and transportation blocked. Xuankou-Wenchuan section of Dujiangyan-Wenchuan highway was selected to discuss the distribution of mountain hazards induced by '5·12' Wenchuan Earthquake. The different types and distribution rules of mountain hazards were extracted and analyzed by means of remote sensing technology and field observation. According to the survey of earthquake losses of hydropower projects in the minjiang river, the hazards pattern of landslide and debris flow to hydropower projects was analyzed. The thirty-seven debris flow gullies along Minjiang River threaten the safety of the highway and bridges cross the gullies. The debris flow hazards assessment results showed that 16 were of high hazardousness, which would result in blocking of the main channel that possibly brought about flood in the downstream of the rive. In the end, the reduction countermeasures were given.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flow; Hydropower project; Mountain hazards; Risk assessment; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Debris flow; Debris flow hazards; Debris flows; Distribution rule; Earthquake magnitudes; Emergency rescue; Field observations; Hazardousness; Hydropower project; Hydropower projects; Minjiang River; Mountain hazard; Mountain hazards; Property damage; Remote sensing technology; Sichuan province; Wenchuan earthquake; Wide area; Debris; Earthquakes; Hazards; Highway systems; Landforms; Remote sensing; Risk management; Risk assessment
REFERENCES: Sichuan Environment, (2006); 
undefined, (2009); 
Chen, Shengshui, Analysis of effects of '5.12' Wenchuan Earthquake on Zipingpu Concrete Face Rock-fill Dam, Yantu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 30, 6, pp. 795-801, (2008); 
undefined, (2009); 
Journal of Natural Disasters, (2001); 
Journal of Sediment Research, (2000); 
Sci China Ser E, (2003); 
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences, (2008); 
undefined, (2009); 
undefined, (2009)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wang, C.-Z., Chen, G.-J., Tan, R.-Z., Wen, L.-K.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wang, Chunzhen (7501629415); Chen, Guojie (56169275600); Tan, Rongzhi (25927591500); Wen, Linke (57212773238)
7501629415; 56169275600; 25927591500; 57212773238
Preliminary study on the secondary mountain disaster chains induced by Wenchuan earthquake
(2009) Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 41 (SUPPL.), pp. 84 - 88, Cited 8 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-67649196478&partnerID=40&md5=7e48fe4391d6f254131282ed2a7893ee

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Many secondary mountain hazards have been direct-induced or indirect-induced by the Wenchuan earthquake on May the 12th, 2008. Not only in terms of the types, number, size of the secondary mountain hazards but also from the impact of them to the mankind's "natural-society-economy" complex systems, the mountain hazards which induced by the Wenchuan earthquake are great and rare all over the world. At the same time, because of the excitation and mutual transformation between various types of the secondary mountain hazards, such disaster chains (nets) as "collapse-landslides", "collapse-barrier lakes", "collapse-landslides-debris flows" have been formed. In this paper, the forms, development characteristics and causes of Wenchuan quake-induced secondary mountain disaster chains (networks) were preliminary analyzed. The development processes of the above-mentioned three major disaster chains were described. Four laws which have behaved in the disaster process of the disaster chains were summed up. The development causes of the Wenchuan earthquake disaster Chains (nets) were briefly analyzed from natural factors and human factors.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Chain mode; Disaster chain; Secondary mountainous hazards
INDEX KEYWORDS: Chain mode; Complex systems; Debris flows; Development process; Human factors; Mountain hazard; Mutual transformations; Natural factors; Secondary mountainous hazards; Wenchuan Earthquake; Debris; Earthquakes; Hazards; Human engineering; Landslides; Landforms
REFERENCES: Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences, (2008); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2008); 
undefined, (2009); 
Journal of Catastrophology, (2008); 
Liu, Wenfang, Analysis of natural disaster chain and chain-cutting disaster mitigation mode, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 25, SUPPL. 1, pp. 2675-2681, (2006); 
Journal of Catastrophology, (2000); 
Meteorol Disaster Reduct Res, (2007)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Cao, S., Liu, X., Huang, E., Yang, K.-J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Cao, Shuyou (7202703803); Liu, Xingnian (35222022100); Huang, Er (8572611800); Yang, Kejun (9248650400)
7202703803; 35222022100; 8572611800; 9248650400
Advances in studies of river sediment and fluvial processes of the Upper-Yangtze River in earthquake background
(2009) Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 41 (3), pp. 26 - 34, Cited 12 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-67649183650&partnerID=40&md5=96d343f847531d512000d919fe9b4029

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Historical earthquakes were one of main dynamic factors for river sediment yield in Chuanjiang catchment, and Wenchuan earthquake in 2008 will further affect its soil erosion, and the trend of river sediment and fluvial processes. Wenchuan earthquake is the largest earthquake in Longmen Mountain area as recorded in the historic documents. The earthquake has changed erosion condition and resources of sediment owing to abundant incompact mass induced dilapidations, landslips, debris flows and barrier lakes. The earthquake has damaged erosion control instructures developed in recent 20 years, and cause more serious erosion. Advances of relative science and technology studies were summarized, which included the relationships between earthquake and catchment sediment yield; sediment amount of rivers in earthquake area; Effects of earthquake to fluvial processes of Chuanjiang water system; River restoration techniques to secondary disasters of earthquakes. It was suggested that further studies are especially required, including strengthen inter-disciplines studies in areas of hydraulic engineering, geo-science, and ecologic and environmental science to explore theory and key techniques of river restoration after earthquake secondary disasters.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Chuanjiang catchment; Fluvial processes; River restoration; River sedinment; Wenchuan Earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Chuanjiang catchment; Debris flows; Dynamic factors; Environmental science; Erosion conditions; Erosion control; Fluvial process; Fluvial processes; Historical earthquakes; Hydraulic engineering; Key techniques; Longmen Mountain; River restoration; River sediments; Science and technology studies; Sediment yields; Soil erosion; Water system; Wenchuan Earthquake; Yangtze River; Catchments; Debris; Disasters; Erosion; Hydraulics; Restoration; Rivers; Runoff; Sedimentology; Shore protection; Earthquakes
REFERENCES: Chinese Mechanics Abstracts, (2008); 
Journal of Natural Disasters, (1992); 
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences, (2008); 
undefined, (2008); 
undefined, (2009); 
undefined, (2009); 
Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin, (2002); 
undefined, (2009); 
undefined, (2004); 
undefined, (2009)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Chen, X.Q., Cui, P., Zhao, W.Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Chen, Xiaoqing (55739112600); Cui, Peng (56706923500); Zhao, Wanyu (23973928300)
55739112600; 56706923500; 23973928300
Optimal timing for the control of debris flow in Wenchuan Earthquake area
(2009) Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 41 (3), pp. 125 - 130, Cited 11 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-67649183623&partnerID=40&md5=5125701752f8a7aadc53c43b843e1749

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: The Wenchuan earthquake on May 12, 2008 has induced many secondary disasters, such as collapses, landslides, dammed lakes, and a great area of loose soils and rocks. The debris flows of larger scales may occur at the stimulus of rainstorms that would cause events of ordinary scales before the quake. Based on the analysis of historic debris flows following the earthquakes and the debris flows in 2008, the optimal opportunity of controlling the potential debris flows was considered. The results indicated that the control measures should be taken three to five years later in the central quake-hit areas. In other affected areas the engineering structures can be extensively made. It is suggested that the projects on the debris flows mitigation works in the most severe areas should be postponed up to three to five years.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Control works; Debris flow; Optimal timing; Wenchuan Earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Affected area; Control measures; Control works; Debris flow; Debris flows; Engineering structures; Loose soils; Optimal timing; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes; Optimization; Thunderstorms; Time measurement; Debris
REFERENCES: Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences, (2008); 
Geological Review, (2008); 
Jin, Wenzheng, Deformation and zonation of the Longmenshan fold and thrust zone in the western Sichuan basin, Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition), 81, 8, pp. 1072-1080, (2007); 
Liu Shugen, The uplift of the Longmenshan thrust belt and subsidence of the western Sichuan foreland basin, Dizhi Xuebao/Acta Geologica Sinica, 69, 3, pp. 205-214, (1995); 
undefined, (2009); 
undefined, (2009); 
Debris Flow no 3, (1986); 
undefined, (2009); 
undefined, (2009); 
undefined, (2009)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Han, Y.S., Cui, P., Zhu, Y.Y., Su, F.H., Zhang, Y., Yang, Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Han, Yongshun (8045872900); Cui, Peng (56706923500); Zhu, Yingyan (10143158600); Su, Fenghuan (14033176000); Zhang, Yong (59071470500); Yang, Yingchang (35212298700)
8045872900; 56706923500; 10143158600; 14033176000; 59071470500; 35212298700
Remote sensing monitoring and assessment of traffical damage by Wenchuan earthquake - A case study in Du-Wen Highway
(2009) Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 41 (3), pp. 273 - 283, Cited 13 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-67649183608&partnerID=40&md5=7dee8f67ae15d89631e638686b919f51

AFFILIATIONS: School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; School of Water Conservancy and Hydroelectric Power, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Wenchuan Earthquake triggered large-scale and group-occurring secondary mountain hazards. They not only severely destroyed the highways and blocked the traffic, but also blocked the process of earthquake relief and reconstruction. After the remote sensing monitoring and field survey in Xuankou-Yanmen part of the Dujiangyan-Wenchuan Highway, the type and the distribution of the secondary mountain hazards were described the damage of the subgrades, pavements, bridges and tunnels along the Dujiangyan-Wenchuan Highway were analyzed. In addition, combining with the temporal characteristics of secondary mountain hazards, the countermeasure and suggestion of the relief and reconstruction of the traffic system were given. The research result showed that: 1) In the research region, strong earthquake causes a lot of secondary mountain hazards such as collapses, landslides, debris flows, dammed lakes. There are 3863 collapses with a total area of 71.985 km2, 74 debris flow gullies, 18 landslides, 5 dammed lakes, 6 ground fissures which is longer than 1 km. 2) Earthquake and secondary mountain hazards severely destroyed the highway and traffic. From Xuankou to Yanmen in Wenchuan, there are 875 blocks in Dujiangyan-Wenchuan Highway. Also, there are barriers with a length of 83.622 km. 81.19% of the highway, including 87 bridges and 10 tunnels, has been destroyed. 3) The distribution of the main kind of collapse, landslide, debris flow, dammed lake mainly depends on seismic intensity, geological structure, topography and geomorphology and rock characters. 4) Using the technology of GIS and remote sensing, the disaster evaluation and dynamic monitoring can be effectively carried out, so it can provide the scientific basis and references to the relief and reconstruction.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: DuJiangyan-Wenchuan Highway; Remote sensing monitoring; Secondary mountain hazards; Wenchuan Earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Debris flows; Disaster evaluation; DuJiangyan-Wenchuan Highway; Dynamic monitoring; Field surveys; Geological structures; Ground fissure; Mountain hazard; Remote sensing monitoring; Research results; Secondary mountain hazards; Seismic intensity; Temporal characteristics; Traffic systems; Wenchuan Earthquake; Damage detection; Debris; Earthquakes; Geomorphology; Hazards; Lakes; Landforms; Landslides; Remote sensing; Restoration; Tunnels; Highway bridges
REFERENCES: undefined, (2009); 
Remote Sensing for Land, (1993); 
Mitomi, Hajime, Determination of the areas with building damage due to the 1995 Kobe earthquake using airborne MSS images, International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), 5, pp. 2871-2873, (2002); 
Earth Science Frontiers, (2003); 
Journal of Remote Sensing, (2008); 
Journal of Natural Disasters, (1997); 
Earthquake Research in Sichuan, (1995); 
The performance of girder bridges in Wenchuan Earthquake and a new method for seismic protection, 28, 5, pp. 20-26; 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2008)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wang, Y., Chen, X.Q.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wang, Yu (57200053827); Chen, Xiaoqing (55739112600)
57200053827; 55739112600
Design of the geohazard monitoring and warning system in Wenchuan earthquake area
(2009) Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 41 (SUPPL.), pp. 37 - 44, Cited 4 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-67649180389&partnerID=40&md5=f6dd7b362e256aaaaf1eaf4a1402c8b6

AFFILIATIONS: College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: The Wenchuan earthquake on May 12, 2008 has induced many secondary disasters, such as collapse, landslide, and dammed lake. These provide conditions for debris flows, which are expected to be one of the major disasters in the quake area in the coming years. A network of monitoring and warning of the geohazards is urgent for the hazard mitigation and homeland reconstruction. About 2998 monitoring sites and six systems are planned in the quake area of Sichuan. These systems should be automatic and timing, with low power cost, wireless communication, and proper power support. The monitored objects and monitoring methods are designed following the existing system at home and abroad. A systematic imagine is proposed on base of the previous studies. The system consists mainly of the forming conditions, stimulus factors, information management platform, and alarming block. Two special techniques are analyzed in details: The critical indices for hazard formation and the networks of information transfer. For the latter, a wireless sensor network is introduced, which arises as a new method in acquiring information with variety of network forms. Such a network can be randomly distributed, self-organized, and run in coopera-tion. Combining with the statewide cellular base stations of China Mobile and China Unicom, the system can run in long-term to monitor landslides, dammed lakes, and debris flows from different viewpoints and release alarms. Fi-nally, a flow framework is plotted according to the objects of monitoring.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Geohazard; Monitoring; Warning; Wenchuan Earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Cellular base stations; China mobiles; China unicom; Critical indices; Debris flows; Existing systems; Forming conditions; Geohazard; Geohazards; Hazard mitigations; Information transfers; Low Power; Monitoring methods; Monitoring sites; Randomly distributed; Self-organized; Sichuan; Warning; Warning systems; Wenchuan Earthquake; Wireless communications; Debris; Disasters; Earthquakes; Hazards; Information management; Landslides; Mobile telecommunication systems; Monitoring; Telecommunication industry; Wireless sensor networks
REFERENCES: Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences, (2008); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2008); 
Optics Optoelectronic Technology, (2004); 
Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control, (2007); 
World Well Logging Technology, (2003); 
Measurement and Control Technology, (2004); 
Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control, (2004); 
Journal of Electronic Measurement and Instrument, (2009); 
Ding, Yong, A fiber optic sensing net applied in slope monitoring based on Brillouin scattering, Yantu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 27, 3, pp. 338-342, (2005); 
Bao, Xiaoyi, Tensile and compressive strain measurement in the lab and field with the distributed Brillouin scattering sensor, Journal of Lightwave Technology, 19, 11, pp. 1698-1704, (2001)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

You, Y., Liu, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: You, Yong (35811595800); Liu, Jinfeng (59454532200)
35811595800; 59454532200
The influence on debris flow prevention in the upriver of Minjiang after Wenchuan Earthquake
(2009) Sichuan Daxue Xuebao (Gongcheng Kexue Ban)/Journal of Sichuan University (Engineering Science Edition), 41 (SUPPL.), pp. 16 - 22, Cited 10 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-67649143184&partnerID=40&md5=dbef5767b1d8ed7e3fcd087c978baa98

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: The Wenchuan Earthquake triggered large numbers of secondary disasters such as landslip and landslide. After the 2008 rainy season, large numbers of debris flow with large scale were triggered. So, the prevention of debris flow in the earthquake area will be faced with many new problems. The geology, topography and climate conditions in the upriver of Minjiang are favorable to the formation of debris flow. The debris flow of this area is well developed in the history. Based on the field investigation, there are 404 debris flow gullies in the upriver of Minjiang. Large numbers of landslips and landslides, which triggered by the Wenchuan Earthquake, provide abundant materials for debris flow's formation. In the next five to ten years, the damage of debris flow in this area will be more serious. The developmental tendency of debris flow in the upriver of Minjiang mainly depends on the whether rainstorm is formed, whether the earthquake area is included in the rainstorm and whether channels are blocked by landslips or landslide. After the Wenchuan Earthquake, the prevention situation of debris flow in the upriver of Minjiang will be serious. In this paper, the prevention projects of typical debris flow gullies in the upriver of Minjiang are collected. Then, main problems of the prevention projects (such as small quantity, low standard, low preventing ability, simple structure and irrational design) are summarized. At last, the principles of debris flow's prevention in the upriver of Minjiang are put forward.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flow's prevention; Upriver of Minjiang; Wenchuan Earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Abundant materials; Climate condition; Debris flow's prevention; Debris flows; Field investigation; Rainy seasons; Simple structures; Upriver of Minjiang; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes; Landslides; Debris
REFERENCES: Journal of Mountain Science, (2008); 
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences, (2008); 
Zhou, R., Recent activity of Minjiang fault zone, uplift of Minshan block and their relationship with seismicity of Sichuan, Dizhen Dizhi, 22, 3, pp. 285-294, (2000); 
Li, Zhongquan, A primary analysis of geophysical and geodynamic features of the Wenchuan earthquake in Longmen Mountains, Sichuan, China, Journal of Chengdu University of Technology (Science and Technology Edition), 35, 4, pp. 426-430, (2008); 
Quaternary Sciences, (2006); 
undefined, (2009); 
Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology, (2007); 
Resour Environ Yangtze River Basin, (2004); 
undefined, (2009); 
undefined, (2009)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Tang, C., Zhu, J., Li, W.L., Liang, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Tang, Chuan (35932953300); Zhu, Jing (55704611000); Li, Weile (25936551300); Liang, Jingtao (35205586800)
35932953300; 55704611000; 25936551300; 35205586800
Rainfall-triggered debris flows following the Wenchuan earthquake
(2009) Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 68 (2), pp. 187 - 194, Cited 328 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s10064-009-0201-6
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-67349094527&doi=10.1007%2Fs10064-009-0201-6&partnerID=40&md5=9fd14711d6ee1ce279f9a8ff2865de95

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: On 24 September 2008, 72 debris flows were triggered by heavy rainfall in the central part of the area affected by the Wenchuan Earthquake. This paper describes the process of debris-flow initiation and transport in the study areas and presents field observations on the roles of rainfall, lithology and the presence of faults. It is likely that following the ground shaking, the critical amount of accumulated precipitation and the hourly rainfall intensity necessary to initiate debris flow was reduced compared with values before the earthquake. A case study in the Xishanpo gully is presented; the debris flow from which caused a thick accumulation in the already devastated city of Beichuan. It is concluded that the whole of the area shaken by the Wenchuan Earthquake is now more susceptible to debris flows, which may be initiated by localized heavy rainfall. Care must be taken to properly assess this new type of geo-hazard. © Springer-Verlag 2009.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Accumulated precipitation; Debris flows; Intensive rainfall; Lithology; Rainfall conditions; Seismic landslides; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Accumulated precipitation; Debris flows; Intensive rainfall; Rainfall conditions; Seismic landslides; Wenchuan earthquake; Debris; Earthquakes; Landslides; Lithology; Petrology; Rain; accumulation rate; debris flow; earthquake event; engineering geology; environmental effect; gully erosion; lithology; precipitation intensity; Sichuan earthquake 2008; Asia; Beichuan; China; Eurasia; Far East; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Benda, Lee E., The influence of debris flows on channels and valley floors in the Oregon Coast Range, U.S.A., Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 15, 5, pp. 457-466, (1990); 
Chen, Chienyuan, Sedimentary impacts from landslides in the Tachia River Basin, Taiwan, Geomorphology, 105, 3-4, pp. 355-365, (2009); 
Chen, Hongey, Relationship between earthquake disturbance, tropical rainstorms and debris movement: An overview from Taiwan, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 68, 2, pp. 161-186, (2009); 
Coe, Jeffrey A., Volumetric analysis and hydrologic characterization of a modern debris flow near Yucca Mountain, Nevada, Geomorphology, 20, 1-2, pp. 11-28, (1997); 
Costa, E. J.E., Debris flows/ avalanches: process, recognition, and mitigation, 7, (1987); 
Eaton, Louis Scott, Role of debris flows in long-term landscape denudation in the central Appalachians of Virginia, Geology, 31, 4, pp. 339-342, (2003); 
Godt, Jonathan W., Alpine debris flows triggered by a 28 July 1999 thunderstorm in the central Front Range, Colorado, Geomorphology, 84, 1-2, pp. 80-97, (2007); 
Journal of Geophysical Research, (2004); 
Iverson, Richard M., The physics of debris flows, Reviews of Geophysics, 35, 3, pp. 245-296, (1997); 
Lin, Ching-Wee Weei, Impact of Chi-Chi earthquake on the occurrence of landslides and debris flows: Example from the Chenyulan River watershed, Nantou, Taiwan, Engineering Geology, 71, 1-2, pp. 49-61, (2004)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wang, S.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wang, Sijing (7410335510)
7410335510
2008 Hans Cloos lecture. Seismic geo-hazard assessment of engineering sites in China
(2009) Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 68 (2), pp. 145 - 159, Cited 4 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s10064-009-0208-z
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-67349103850&doi=10.1007%2Fs10064-009-0208-z&partnerID=40&md5=6e7c1308ce8f4a2e28a520bcf6eba336

AFFILIATIONS: Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Based on the fault-block concept, the paper proposes a scheme for the seismic geo-hazard assessment of engineering sites. A general geo-hazard intensity is determined by comparing the basic intensity of the block where the engineering structure is to be located and the influencing intensity associated with the potential epicenter of a strong earthquake in the boundary fault zone. The obtained general intensity is then modified to take into account the local ground conditions and pre-existing geo-hazard level (particularly landslides) to obtain the comprehensive intensity, which is the basis for the seismic geo-hazard level assessment and site planning recommendations. Four dam sites associated with major hydropower stations are discussed, as well as the 100 m high Zipingpo dam which is located close to the epicenter of the Wenchuan earthquake. The results show that a dam designed on an intensity close to that proposed in the paper would be able to resist potential destructive earthquakes without significant distress. © Springer-Verlag 2009.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Comprehensive intensity; Fault-block concept; Seismic geo-hazard assessment; Seismic geo-hazard level; Seismicity
INDEX KEYWORDS: Comprehensive intensity; Fault-block concept; Seismic geo-hazard assessment; Seismic geo-hazard level; Seismicity; Dams; Earthquakes; Engineering exhibitions; Hazards; earthquake intensity; fault zone; hazard assessment; seismic hazard; seismicity; structural response; Asia; China; Eurasia; Far East
REFERENCES: Geological Structure and Engineering Construction Problems of Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, (1965); 
Fundamentals of Geomechanics for Rock Engineering, (1979); 
Dezhen, Gu, On the engineering geomechanics of rock mass structure, Bulletin of the International Association of Engineering Geology - Bulletin de l'Association Internationale de Géologie de l'Ingénieur, 23, 1, pp. 109-111, (1981); 
Gu Dezhen, FUNDAMENTALS OF GEOMECHANICS FOR ROCK ENGINEERING IN CHINA., pp. 75-87, (1982); 
Research of Great Earthquake in China, (1988); 
Keefer, David K., LANDSLIDES CAUSED BY EARTHQUAKES., Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 95, 4, pp. 406-421, (1984); 
Study on Active Faults and Engineering Assessment, (1991); 
Journal of Catastrophology, (2003); 
Theory and Method in Study of Regional Crust Stability, (1987); 
Problems of Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, (1965)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Aydan, O., Hamada, M., Itoh, J., Okubo, K.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Aydan, Orner (7004043970); Hamada, Masanori (7403131923); Itoh, Jun (58164590900); Okubo, Katsumi (58163978900)
7004043970; 7403131923; 58164590900; 58163978900
Damage to Civil Engineering Structures with an Emphasis on Rock Slope Failures and Tunnel Damage Induced by the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake
(2009) Journal of Disaster Research, 4 (2), pp. 153 - 164, Cited 16 times.
DOI: 10.20965/jdr.2009.p0153
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77953311149&doi=10.20965%2Fjdr.2009.p0153&partnerID=40&md5=e3a50181aafc71df6f242b4d89e26642

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Marine Civil Engineering, Tokai University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Civil Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan; Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan; Central Nippon Expressway Company Limited, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
ABSTRACT: The Great Wenchuan (Sichuan) Earthquake of 2008 occurred in Wenchuan County, Sichuan Province, China, extensively damaging buildings and infrastruc-tures, caused natural and cut slope failures, and over 85,000 people lost their lives. We present an overview of the damage to civil engineering structures, empha-sizing slope failures and tunnel damage. Damage to civil engineering structures was due mainly to high strong ground motion and permanent ground deformation resulting from the earthquake fault’s diluted deformation front. After discussing damage to bridges and viaducts, we classify slope failures, landslides, and possible causative mechanisms. We then introduce slope-rehabilitation measures. And then damage to tunnels, which are generally resistant to earthquakes, are explained together with mitigation measures. © Fuji Technology Press Ltd.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: bridge; damage; landslide; slope; tunnel; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Bridges; Earthquakes; Failure (mechanical); Tunnels; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Civil engineering structures; Cut slope; Damage; Rock slope failure; Sichuan; Sichuan province; Slope; Slope failure; Wenchuan Earthquake; Landslides
REFERENCES: Interim Report, (1987); 
Stabilisation of Rock Engineering Structures by Rockbolts, (1989); 
Bull Eng Geol, (2006); 
Aydan, Orner, Damage to Civil Engineering Structures by Oct. 8, 2005 Kashmir Earthquake and Recommendations for Recovery and Reconstruction, Journal of Disaster Research, 1, 3, pp. 435-443, (2006); 
Proceedings of the Symposium on the Records and Issues of Recent Great Earthquakes in Japan and Overseas, (2006); 
24th Annual Meetings of Soil Mechanics Andfoundation Eng of Japan Miyazaki, (1989); 
Symposium on Modern Applications of Engineering Geology, (2006); 
Proceedings of the 4th Asian Rock Mechanics Symposium, (2006); 
Journal of Marine Science and Technology, (2008); 
A Quick Report on the Strong Motion Data of 5 12 Wenchuan Earthquake, (2008)
PUBLISHER: Fuji Technology Press
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Huang, R., Li, W.L.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Huang, Runqiu (55835407700); Li, Weile (25936551300)
55835407700; 25936551300
Development and distribution of geohazards triggered by the 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake in China
(2009) Science in China, Series E: Technological Sciences, 52 (4), pp. 810 - 819, Cited 124 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11431-009-0117-1
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-63349110728&doi=10.1007%2Fs11431-009-0117-1&partnerID=40&md5=3063a620a0b010ba7b84673fc1be0300

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: As the Wenchuan Earthquake was of high magnitude and shallow seismic focus, it caused great damage and serious geohazards. By the field investigation and the interpretation of remote-sensing information after the earthquake and by using means of GIS technology, the distribution of geohazards triggered by the earthquake are analyzed and the conclusions are as follows: (1) The earthquake geohazards showed the feature of zonal distribution along the earthquake fault zone and linear distribution along the rivers; (2) the distribution of earthquake geohazards had a marked hanging wall effect, for the development density of geohazards in the hanging wall of earthquake fault zone was obviously higher than that in the foot wall and the width of strong development zone in the hanging wall was about 10 km; (3) the topographical slope was a main factor which controlled the development of earthquake geohazards and a vast majority of hazards were distributed on the slopes of 20° to 50°; (4) the earthquake geohazards had a corresponding relationship with the elevation and micro-landform, for most hazards happened in the river valleys and canyon sections below the elevation of 1500 to 2000 m, particularly in the upper segment of canyon sections (namely, the turning point from the dale to the canyon). Thin ridge, isolated or full-face space mountains were most sensitive to the seismic wave, and had a striking amplifying effect. In these areas, collapses and landslides were most likely to develop; (5) the study also showed that different lithologies determined the types of geohazards, and usually, landslides occurred in soft rocks, while collapses occurred in hard rocks. © 2009 Science in China Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake; GIS analysis; Hanging wall effect; Remote-sensing information; Seismogenic geohazard distribution
INDEX KEYWORDS: Face recognition; Geographic information systems; Hazards; Landforms; Landslides; Remote sensing; Seismic waves; 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake; GIS analysis; Hanging wall effect; Remote-sensing information; Seismogenic geohazard distribution; Earthquakes
REFERENCES: Parsons, Tom, Stress changes from the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and increased hazard in the Sichuan basin, Nature, 454, 7203, pp. 509-510, (2008); 
Catastrophic Landslides in China, (2008); 
Emergency Hunting Report of Geohazards in the Disaster Area of 512 Wenchuan Earthquake, (2008); 
Abrahamson, Norman A.Bolt, Effects of the hanging wall and footwall on ground motions recorded during the Northridge earthquake, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 86, 1 SUPPL. B, pp. S93-S99, (1996); 
Abrahamson, Norman A.Bolt, Empirical response spectral attenuation relations for shallow crustal earthquakes, Seismological Research Letters, 68, 1, pp. 94-109, (1997); 
Boore, David M., Equations for estimating horizontal response spectra and peak acceleration from western North American earthquakes: A summary of recent work, Seismological Research Letters, 68, 1, pp. 128-153, (1997); 
Campbell, Kenneth W., Empirical near-source attenuation relationships for horizontal and vertical components of peak ground acceleration, peak ground velocity, and pseudo-absolute acceleration response spectra, Seismological Research Letters, 68, 1, pp. 154-179, (1997); 
Sadigh, Khosrow, Attenuation relationships for shallow crustal earthquakes based on California strong motion data, Seismological Research Letters, 68, 1, pp. 180-189, (1997); 
Natural Sciences Newsletter, (1999); 
Yanxiang, Yu, Effects of the hanging wall and footwall on peak acceleration during the Chi-Chi earthquake, Taiwan, Acta Seismologica Sinica, 23, 6, pp. 620-621, (2001)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Liu, N., Zhang, J., Lin, W., Cheng, W., Chen, Z.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Liu, Ning (59438138600); Zhang, Jianxin (36555246500); Lin, Wei (59882453300); Cheng, Wuyi (26424567500); Chen, Zuyu (7409488632)
59438138600; 36555246500; 59882453300; 26424567500; 7409488632
Draining Tangjiashan barrier kake after Wenchuan Earthquake and the flood propagation after the dam break
(2009) Science in China, Series E: Technological Sciences, 52 (4), pp. 801 - 809, Cited 100 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11431-009-0118-0
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-63349097862&doi=10.1007%2Fs11431-009-0118-0&partnerID=40&md5=cebcffa2d83f01092077e205a74a7f0b

AFFILIATIONS: Ministry of Water Resources, P.R. China, Beijing, Beijing, China; Bureau of Hydrology, Ministry of Water Resources, P.R. China, Beijing, Beijing, China; Sichuan Provincial Rural Economic Information Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; HydroChina Chengdu Engineering Corporation, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Tangjiashan Barrier Lake is one of the largest barrier lakes caused by the Wenchuan Earthquake. Its risk analysis, emergency plan and effect of the emergency plan are introduced in this paper. The dam height of Tangjiashan Barrier Dam is about 105 m, and the reservoir storage capacity is 3.2×108 m3. When the dam broke the flood peak were estimated to be larger than 48000 m3/s, which might cause a enormous disaster to the downstream cities and residents. A discharge channel with 13 m deep and 8 m wide was drug, so that the water may flow out of the lake before the dam breaks. As a result, the drainage and risk mitigation project are successful. During the drainage process, the flood peak was about 6500 m 3/s, and about 1.6×108 m3 of water was drained off and the residual reservoir capacity was only 8.97×10 7 m3. A new channel with average width 100 m was formed, which can bear floods of 200 years frequency. The successful experience and the collected data can be used to deal with the similar natural disasters in future. © 2009 Science in China Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Barrier lake; Dam break; Earthquake; Erosion; Hydraulics of open channels; Landslide
INDEX KEYWORDS: Accidents; Dams; Disaster prevention; Disasters; Earthquakes; Erosion; Flood control; Hydraulics; Lakes; Landslides; Liquids; Open channel flow; Reservoirs (water); Risk analysis; Risk assessment; Risk perception; Safety factor; Average widths; Barrier lake; Dam break; Dam heights; Discharge channels; Drainage process; Emergency plans; Flood peaks; Flood propagation; Flow outs; Natural disasters; Reservoir capacities; Reservoir storage capacities; Risk mitigations; Wenchuan earthquakes; Floods
REFERENCES: Altars of the Wenchuan Earthquake, (2008); 
Catastrophic Landslides in China, (2008); 
Analysis and Impact Appraisal on the Bursting of the Tang Jiashan Barrier Lake, (2008); 
Hydraulic Reckoner, (2006); 
NATO Advanced Research Workshop Extended Abstract Volume, (2004); 
Rockslides and Avalanches, (1978); 
Landslide of April 25 1974 on the Mantaro River Peru, (1975); 
China Water Resour, (2000)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wang, Z., Xu, Q., Xu, B., Zhang, W.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wang, Zhihua (57192240156); Xu, Qide (35087154700); Xu, Bin (55245616000); Zhang, Wei (59638375500)
57192240156; 35087154700; 55245616000; 59638375500
Emergency aero-photo survey after the 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake, China
(2009) Science in China, Series E: Technological Sciences, 52 (4), pp. 835 - 843, Cited 6 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11431-009-0080-x
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-63349085720&doi=10.1007%2Fs11431-009-0080-x&partnerID=40&md5=00be544ea80eebd40b1a9ee8bf723c22

AFFILIATIONS: China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources, Beijing, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: After the 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake which took place on May 12, 2008, aerial remote sensing has rapidly covered all the influence sites of the earthquake, emergency aero-photo interpretation has revealed the disaster distribution limitation, and captured the information of location, dimension of the destroyed houses, roads and other structures, blocked rivers, etc, which provided destroying conditions of the time for rescuing lives, rebuilding traffic lines and estimating disaster situation. The further interpretation and analysis indicate that large scale second growth geological disasters mainly distribute in the distance of 0-300 km and 45°-50° orientation from the epicenter. About 137 latent large-scale landslides and debris-flows will occur in this rain season and coming several years, so how to avoid current geological disasters as well as the latent large disasters should be considered in making rebuilding and developing plan. © 2009 Science in China Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake; Aerial remote sensing; Destroying conditions; Potential disaster; Second growth geological disasters
INDEX KEYWORDS: Accidents; Autonomous underwater vehicles; Debris; Disasters; Earthquakes; Remote sensing; 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake; Aerial remote sensing; Destroying conditions; Potential disaster; Second growth geological disasters; Disaster prevention
REFERENCES: Remote Sensing for Land Resources, (2007); 
Remote Sensing for Land Resources, (2007); 
Sichuan Regional Geological Records, (1991)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Ren, D., Wang, J., Fu, R., Karoly, D.J., HONG, Y., Leslie, L.M., Fu, C., Huang, G.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Ren, Diandong (7202033979); Wang, Jiahu (8747183100); Fu, Rong (7203054240); Karoly, David J. (55951225700); HONG, Yang (8632797000); Leslie, Lance M. (7005961973); Fu, Congbin (7402803216); Huang, Gang (55437594700)
7202033979; 8747183100; 7203054240; 55951225700; 8632797000; 7005961973; 7402803216; 55437594700
Mudslide-caused ecosystem degradation following Wenchuan earthquake 2008
(2009) Geophysical Research Letters, 36 (5), art. no. L05401, Cited 30 times.
DOI: 10.1029/2008GL036702
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-65649127196&doi=10.1029%2F2008GL036702&partnerID=40&md5=18dbb9434508f0c2e3a7d7d47581febf

AFFILIATIONS: Department of Geological Sciences, Jackson School of Geosciences, Austin, TX, United States; State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States; School of Earth Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; School of Meteorology, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States; Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Geological Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States; School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States; School of Earth Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; School of Meteorology, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States; State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
ABSTRACT: We have applied a scalable and extensible geo-fluid model (SEGMENT) that considers soil mechanics, vegetation transpiration and root mechanical reinforcement, and hydrological processes to simulate two dimensional maps of the landslides occurrence following the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. Modeled locations and areas generally agree with observations. The model suggests that the potential energy of earth was lowered by 1.52 × 1015 J by these landslides. With this, the vegetation destroyed transfer ̃235 Tg C to the dead respiring pool and transforms 5.54 × 10-2 Tg N into unavailable sediments pools and the atmosphere. The cumulative CO<inf>2</inf> release to the atmosphere over the coming decades is comparable to that caused by hurricane Katrina 2005 (̃105 Tg) and equivalent to ̃2% of current annual carbon emissions from global fossil fuel combustion. The nitrogen loss is twice as much as that released by the 2007 California Fire (̃2.5 × 10-2 Tg). A significant proportion of the nitrogen loss (14%) is in the form of nitrous oxide, which can affect the atmospheric ozone layer. Copyright 2009 by the American Geophys.ical Union.
INDEX KEYWORDS: Atmospheric ozone; California; Carbon emissions; Ecosystem degradation; Fluid models; Fossil fuel combustion; Hurricane katrina; Hydrological process; Mechanical reinforcement; Nitrogen loss; Nitrous oxide; Two-dimensional map; Wenchuan Earthquake; Atmospheric chemistry; Earthquakes; Fossil fuels; Geologic models; Landslides; Nitrogen oxides; Ozone; Ozone layer; Reinforcement; Soil mechanics; Vegetation; Leakage (fluid); carbon dioxide; carbon emission; combustion; environmental degradation; fire; fossil fuel; Hurricane Katrina 2005; landslide; nitrous oxide; ozone; potential energy; Sichuan earthquake 2008; soil mechanics; transpiration; two-dimensional modeling; vegetation structure
REFERENCES: U S Geological Survey Professional Paper, (1975); 
Casadei, M., Testing a model for predicting the timing and location of shallow landslide initiation in soil-mantled landscapes, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 28, 9, pp. 925-950, (2003); 
Chambers, Jeffrey Quintin, Hurricane Katrina's carbon footprint on U.S. Gulf Coast forests, Science, 318, 5853, (2007); 
Global Soil Data Products Cd Rom Igbp DIS, (2000); 
Godt, Jonathan W., Rainfall characteristics for shallow landsliding in Seattle, Washington, USA, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 31, 1, pp. 97-110, (2006); 
Gray, Donald H., Root-Soil Mechanics and Interactions, pp. 113-123, (2013); 
Hansen, Matthew C., Global land cover classification at 1 km spatial resolution using a classification tree approach, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 21, 6-7, pp. 1331-1364, (2000); 
Huffman, George J., The TRMM Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA): Quasi-global, multiyear, combined-sensor precipitation estimates at fine scales, Journal of Hydrometeorology, 8, 1, pp. 38-55, (2007); 
Climate Change 2007 the Physical Science Basis Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, (2007); 
Iverson, Richard M., Landslide triggering by rain infiltration, Water Resources Research, 36, 7, pp. 1897-1910, (2000)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; BRONZE OPEN ACCESS; GREEN ACCEPTED OPEN ACCESS; GREEN OPEN ACCESS

Li, X., He, S.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Li, Xinpo (56106503000); He, Siming (55978326000)
56106503000; 55978326000
Seismically induced slope instabilities and the corresponding treatments: The case of a road in the Wenchuan earthquake hit region
(2009) Journal of Mountain Science, 6 (1), pp. 96 - 100, Cited 36 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11629-009-0197-1
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-61349105385&doi=10.1007%2Fs11629-009-0197-1&partnerID=40&md5=d851f07ceba27ee6edfc9ac2fa26481e

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: On May 12, 2008, a magnitude 8.0 earthquake hit Wenchuan County, Sichuan Province resulted in great loss of life and properties. Besides, abundant landslides and slope failures were triggered in the most seriously hit areas and caused disastrous damages to infrastructures and public facilities. Moreover, abundant unstable slopes caused by the quake have the potential to cause damages for a considerable long period of time. The variety of these slopes and the corresponding treatments are connected with the topographical and geological conditions of the sites. It is decided to document and identify some of these major slope instabilities caused by the earthquake and their treatments. The paper shows the condition of a road in Dujiangyan through in situ explorations. The case history showed significant implications to the reconstruction of the quake-hit regions and future disaster prevention and management works.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: China; Design; Slope failure; Slope reinforcement; The Wenchuan earthquake
REFERENCES: Cai, Fei, Reinforcing mechanism of anchors in slopes: A numerical comparison of results of LEM and FEM, International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, 27, 7, pp. 549-564, (2003); 
undefined, (2009); 
Magnitude 7 9 Eastern Sichuan China, (2008); 
Imiesa, (2003); 
Sichuan Earthquake, (2008); 
Zhang, Dexuan, Study of the 1920 Haiyuan earthquake-induced landslides in loess (China), Engineering Geology, 94, 1-2, pp. 76-88, (2007)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Chen, X.-L.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Chen, Xiaoli (8346444100)
8346444100
Sabo works in Japan
(2009) Dizhen Dizhi, 31 (1), pp. 197 - 205, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2009.01.018
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-69849109448&doi=10.3969%2Fj.issn.0253-4967.2009.01.018&partnerID=40&md5=cafe9acd5862c404cc8912886e570526

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Sediment related disasters,such as debris flow,landslide,slope failure etc.,always cause tremendous damages to lives and properties of people, deteriorate living environments and block the economic development. How to prevent such destructive sediment disasters and mitigate the damages is still a big problem facing the human beings. Japan is a country suffering many kinds of natural disasters, and amongst them,sediment related disasters occupy lots of the losing. From long time ago,Japanese government began to take measures against sediment related disasters, controlling erosion and sediment. Today,these elaborate and costly works are called Sabo works. Sabo is an effort to prevent sediment related disasters, realize the symbiosis between the nature and humans and renew vitality of the area. Due to different purposes, there are many kinds of Sabo works,and they are practically effective. For example, the 2004 Niigata Earthquake caused serious sediment related disasters, but by taking the correct countermeasures, this region has been renewed same as before the earthquake. Almost the same as Japan,China is also a place where many natural disasters are overwhelming,such as the big Wenchuan earthquake on 12 May, 2008 which caused numerous landslides and collapse and damaged this region severely. Now we are facing the reconstruction and have to solve many problems relating to the sediment disaster. For this purpose, this paper introduces applications of SABO works in Japan. Through this, the author sincerely hopes it would be useful for the reconstruction works in the damaged area, and it would be helpful for sediment related disaster mitigation in China.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Debris flow; Landslide; Mitigation; Sabo works; Sediment related disaster
INDEX KEYWORDS: damage mechanics; disaster management; disaster relief; economic development; natural disaster; reconstruction; sediment transport; seismic hazard; state role; Asia; Eurasia; Far East; Japan
REFERENCES: Li, Zhiqiang, Some insights into the macro-epicenter and meizoseismal region of Wenchuan earthquake, Dizhen Dizhi, 30, 3, pp. 768-777, (2008); 
Evaluation of Hazards Caused by Wenchuan Earthquake and Corresponding Hazard Mitigation Plan R, (2008); 
Xie, Heping, Wenchuan large earthquake and post-earthquake reconstruction-related geotechnical problems, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 27, 9, pp. 1781-1791, (2008); 
Research of Catalogue and Database for Debris Flows and Landslides in China M, (1998); 
Seismology and Geology, (2008); 
Disaster Management in Japan, (2006); 
Guidelines for Development of Warning and Evacuation System Against Sediment Disasters in Developing Countries, (2004); 
Messages for the 21 Century Sabo Work and Its Achievements M, (1999); 
Collection of Sediment Related Disasters in Niigata Prefecture in 2004 R, (2007); 
Problems in Reducing Geological Erosion in Japan A, (1951)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Review
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wang, F.-W., Cheng, Q., Highland, L., Miyajima, M., Wang, H.B., Yan, C.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wang, Fawu (16305836600); Cheng, Qiangong (7202918113); Highland, Lynn M. (6506592145); Miyajima, Masakatsu (7004830458); Wang, Huabin (57191848944); Yan, Changgen (8542208200)
16305836600; 7202918113; 6506592145; 7004830458; 57191848944; 8542208200
Preliminary investigation of some large landslides triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan Province, China
(2009) Landslides, 6 (1), pp. 47 - 54, Cited 157 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s10346-009-0141-z
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-64949203796&doi=10.1007%2Fs10346-009-0141-z&partnerID=40&md5=e537f33e65f5fa5b57c2d0a6fd2ad326

AFFILIATIONS: Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan; School of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; United States Geological Survey, Reston, VA, United States; Department of Civil Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan; School of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
ABSTRACT: The M <inf>s</inf> 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake or "Great Sichuan Earthquake" occurred at 14:28 p.m. local time on 12 May 2008 in Sichuan Province, China. Damage by earthquake-induced landslides was an important part of the total earthquake damage. This report presents preliminary observations on the Hongyan Resort slide located southwest of the main epicenter, shallow mountain surface failures in Xuankou village of Yingxiu Town, the Jiufengchun slide near Longmenshan Town, the Hongsong Hydro-power Station slide near Hongbai Town, the Xiaojiaqiao slide in Chaping Town, two landslides in Beichuan County-town which destroyed a large part of the town, and the Donghekou and Shibangou slides in Qingchuan County which formed the second biggest landslide lake formed in this earthquake. The influences of seismic, topographic, geologic, and hydro-geologic conditions are discussed. © 2009 Springer-Verlag.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: China; Disaster; Earthquake; Landslide; Sichuan Earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: China; Earthquake damages; Geologic conditions; Large parts; Local time; Power stations; Sichuan Earthquake; Sichuan provinces; Surface failures; Wenchuan earthquakes; Accidents; Landslides; Earthquakes; earthquake damage; earthquake epicenter; earthquake intensity; earthquake magnitude; hydrogeology; landslide; Sichuan earthquake 2008; trigger mechanism; Asia; Eurasia; Far East; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Sassa, Kyoji, Earthquake-induced-landslides: distribution, motion and mechanisms, Soils and Foundations, Special, pp. 53-64, (1996); 
An Experimental Study on Grain Crushing and Excess Pore Pressure Generation During Shearing of Sandy Soils A Key Factor for Rapid Landslide Motion, (1998); 
Wang, Fawu, Geotechnical simulation test for the Nikawa landslide induced by January 17, 1995 Hyogoken-Nambu earthquake, Soils and Foundations, 40, 1, pp. 35-46, (2000)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wang, Z., Gao, B., Jiang, Y.-J., Yuan, S.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wang, Zhengzheng (57216175150); Gao, Bo (56719001400); Jiang, Yuanjun (59855576700); Yuan, Song (57220801453)
57216175150; 56719001400; 59855576700; 57220801453
Investigation and assessment on mountain tunnels and geotechnical damage after the Wenchuan earthquake
(2009) Science in China, Series E: Technological Sciences, 52 (2), pp. 546 - 558, Cited 301 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11431-009-0054-z
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-59849097343&doi=10.1007%2Fs11431-009-0054-z&partnerID=40&md5=fb1c8e46458ae9d532dfc1ab8d06d1c3

AFFILIATIONS: School of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
ABSTRACT: On May 12, 2008, a strong earthquake with a magnitude of 8.0 (Ms) struck Wenchuan town, in the eastern Sichuan area of west China. Following the earthquake on May 18, the Southwest Jiaotong University organized a damage survey team and dispatched it to the affected area for the investigation into the damage and collection of information and data. This paper outlines the findings of this investigation on the earthquake disaster to mountain tunnels and geotechnical engineering. The systematic investigation, involving geological conditions, design documents, construction and maintenance records of the tunnels, has been conducted and the degree of damage to investigated tunnels has been assessed according to the width and length of cracks, the stability of the slope above the tunnel, and the condition of the groundwater inrush. The results show that the major damage of the mountain tunnels was mainly concentrated in the tunnel portals due to widespread landslides and rockfalls, and the inner part of investigated tunnels suffered moderate damages mainly due to fault displacements. It is hoped that the information shared herein could enhance the outstanding of seismic behavior of mountain tunnels and improve seismic design and construction procedures. © 2009 Science in China Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Damage investigation; Ground failures; Mountain tunnels; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Damage detection; Earthquakes; Geotechnical engineering; Groundwater; Hydrogeology; Landforms; Railroad tunnels; Safety engineering; Seismic design; Seismology; Slope stability; Affected areas; Damage investigation; Damage surveys; Degree of damages; Design and constructions; Design documents; Earthquake disasters; Fault displacements; Geological conditions; Geotechnical; Ground failures; Information shared; Length of cracks; Maintenance records; Mountain tunnels; Rock falls; Seismic beha-vior; Systematic investigations; Tunnel portals; Wenchuan earthquake; Tunnels
REFERENCES: undefined, (2009); 
undefined, (2009); 
Reconstruction After Wenchuan Earthquake, (2009); 
Dowding, Charles H., DAMAGE TO ROCK TUNNELS FROM EARTHQUAKE SHAKING, Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, ASCE, 104, 2, pp. 175-191, (1978); 
Sharma, Sunil, Underground opening damage from earthquakes, Engineering Geology, 30, 3-4, pp. 263-276, (1991); 
Wang, W. L., Assessment of damage in mountain tunnels due to the Taiwan Chi-Chi Earthquake, Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 16, 3, pp. 133-150, (2001); 
Report for the Public Construction Commission, (1999); 
Hashash, Youssef M.A., Seismic design and analysis of underground structures, Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 16, 4, pp. 247-293, (2001); 
Report for the 1999 Ji Ji Earthquake, (1999); 
Outline of Tunneling Design, (2003)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Chau, K.T.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Chau, Kam Tim (25951208700)
25951208700
Some geohazards associated with the 8.0 wenchuan earthquake on may 12, 2008
(2009), pp. 65 - 72, Cited 0 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85056060711&partnerID=40&md5=ffcb3895c78390a56451e9deea837ca8

AFFILIATIONS: The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
ABSTRACT: The May 12, 2008 Great Wenchuan Earthquake has resulted in more than 69,227 deaths, 17,923 people are listed as missing, and 374,643 were injured (up to September 22, 2008). Along the Central Longmen-shan fault, which generated this great earthquake, the earthquake intensity (also called macrointensity) at the towns of Yingxiu and Beichuan County (Qushan Town) is XI on Chinese Intensity Scale (similar to the MMI scale). The author of this paper made two separate excursions to the affected areas in Sichuan in May and in July and August. In this paper, some earthquake-induced geohazards will be summarized, including the huge Niu-juan Gully rock avalanche at the epicenter, theWangjiayan landslide and Jingjiashan rock avalanche at Qushan Town, the surface ruptures at Bailu, and Xiaoyudong. Discussions will be made on the geohazard-associated fatality and damages. The paper concludes with lessons learnt from these earthquake-induced-geohazards, including proper site-assessment before town planning. © 2009 Taylor & Francis Group, London.
REFERENCES: Open Channel Hydraulics, (1959); 
U S Geological Survey Professional Paper, (1964); 
Hsü, Kenneth Jinghwa, Catastrophic debris streams (sturzstroms) generated by rockfalls, Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 86, 1, pp. 129-140, (1975); 
Jibson, Randall W., Large rock avalanches triggered by the M 7.9 Denali Fault, Alaska, earthquake of 3 November 2002, Engineering Geology, 83, 1-3, pp. 144-160, (2006); 
Sosio, Rosanna, Complete dynamic modeling calibration for the Thurwieser rock avalanche (Italian Central Alps), Engineering Geology, 100, 1-2, pp. 11-26, (2008); 
Xiwei, Xu, The MS8.0 Wenchuan earthquake surface ruptures and its seismogenic structure, Dizhen Dizhi, 30, 3, pp. 597-629, (2008)
PUBLISHER: CRC Press
DOCUMENT TYPE: Book chapter
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Huang, R., Weile, L.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Huang, Runqiu (55835407700); Weile, Li (57204244930)
55835407700; 57204244930
An analysis of the co-seismic fault effects of the geo-hazards triggered by Wenchuan Earthquake, China
(2009), Cited 0 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85055019840&partnerID=40&md5=28c4a7ab93e47fa0faa11f276d4b00d6

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: "5.12" Wenchuan Earthquake (Ms=8.0) triggered tens of thousands of geo-hazards throughout an area of about 100,000 km2. The distribution of geo-hazards is definitely affected by the such factors as geomorphology, topography, lithology and human engineering activities, but the distribution of earthquake-triggered geo-hazards is mainly controlled by the co-seismic fault, for they present zonal distribution along the co-seismic fault. Through the studies of three geo-hazard concentration areas including Doujiangyan to Wenchuan Road, Beichuan to Anxian County area, and Magong to Hongguang area, it is found that Wenchuan Earthquake-triggered geo-hazards have the following co-seismic effects: (1) Wenchuan Earthquake is a thrust fault earthquake. The distribution of geo-hazards show marked "hanging wall and footwall effects", manifested by that the distribution concentration in the hanging wall of seismic fault is higher than that in the footwall and the former coverage is wider than the latter as well as that the scale of geo-hazards is larger than that in the footwall; (2) the strong development zones of geo-hazards are within the range of 7 km in the hanging wall of co-seismic fault. The ranges of 7 to 11km in the hanging wall and o to 5km in the footwall can be delimited as the middle development zones. A vast majority of large-scale landslides are distributed within the range of 5km from the fault, and large-scale landslides are unlikely to occur within the range of over 10km; (3) the transitional and staggered positions of fault are the concentration areas of geo-hazards and large-scale geo-hazards are likely to occur in these positions; (4) the preferred direction of landslide is NW-SE, basically vertical to the spreading direction of Yingxiu-Beichuan Fault. This may be because that Longmenshan Fault Zone has always been affected by the tectonic stress field of NW-SE extrusion area since Cenozoic Time; (5) the earthquake-triggered geo-hazards mainly occur in the zones of seismic intensity IX and higher. The concentration of geo-hazards in the seismic intensity zones XI is the same as that in seismic intensity zones X; the concentration in the seismic intensity zones IX equals to 1/3 of the abovementioned one; the concentration in the seismic intensity zones VIII is only 1/10 of the abovementioned one. © ISRM International Symposium on Rock Mechanics, SINOROCK 2009.
INDEX KEYWORDS: Faulting; Hazards; Human engineering; Landslides; Lithology; Rock mechanics; Engineering activities; Large-scale landslides; Longmenshan fault zone; Seismic effect; Seismic faults; Seismic intensity; Tectonic stress fields; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes
REFERENCES: Abrahamson, Norman A.Bolt, Effects of the hanging wall and footwall on ground motions recorded during the Northridge earthquake, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 86, 1 SUPPL. B, pp. S93-S99, (1996); 
Seismology and Geology, (2008); 
Chinese Geological Education, (2008); 
Science in China, (2009); 
Catastrophic Landslides in China, (2008); 
Jibson, Randall W., A method for producing digital probabilistic seismic landslide hazard maps, Engineering Geology, 58, 3-4, pp. 271-289, (2000); 
Jibson, Randall W., Landslides triggered by the 2002 Denali fault, Alaska, earthquake and the inferred nature of the strong shaking, Earthquake Spectra, 20, 3, pp. 669-691, (2004); 
Keefer, David K., Statiscal analysis of an earthquake-induced landslide distribution - The 1989 Loma Prieta, California event, Engineering Geology, 58, 3-4, pp. 231-249, (2000); 
Keefer, David K., LANDSLIDES CAUSED BY EARTHQUAKES., Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 95, 4, pp. 406-421, (1984); 
Mahdavifar, Mohammad Reza, Landslides triggered by the Avaj, Iran earthquake of June 22, 2002, Engineering Geology, 86, 2-3, pp. 166-182, (2006)
PUBLISHER: International Society for Rock Mechanics isrm@inec.pt
CONFERENCE NAME: ISRM International Symposium on Rock Mechanics 2009, SINOROCK 2009
CONFERENCE DATE: 2009-05-19 through 2009-05-22
CONFERENCE LOCATION: Hong Kong
CONFERENCE CODE: 139056
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Sassa, K., Fukuoka, H., Carreno, R.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Sassa, Kyoji (56071622600); Fukuoka, Hiroshi (36349117800); Carreno, Raul (14059664400)
56071622600; 36349117800; 14059664400
Landslide investigation and capacity building in the Machu Picchu - Aguas calientes area (IPL C101-1)
(2009), pp. 229 - 248, Cited 7 times.
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-69970-5_13
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84896386289&doi=10.1007%2F978-3-540-69970-5_13&partnerID=40&md5=9ea2769be248e5ea5ac8bdef17e70c4e

AFFILIATIONS: Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan; Grudec Ayal, Italy
ABSTRACT: Cultural Heritages and other historical buildings constructed on stable grounds often stand for many years. Stable grounds are not always stable for ever in the face of weathering of rocks, toe erosion of the slope by rivers, climate change, earthquakes, and possible human activities. It is the frontier of research in Landslide Science to evaluate the risk of slopes which have been stable for more than 500-1000 years. It is very similar to earthquake risk evaluation and the preparedness for earthquakes along active faults such as the 2008 Sichuan (Wenchuan) earthquake in China. Such long-term risk evaluation addresses social and scientific research needs. This paper briefly introduces the successful lesson learnt for landslide risk evaluation and preparedness in the Tang Dynasty (618-907) Imperial Resort Palace in Xian, China for risk evaluation and preparedness of Precursor Stage of Landslides before failure, and then describes the landslide risk evaluation in Inca's World Heritage Machu Picchu, Cusco, Peru. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2009.
INDEX KEYWORDS: Climate change; Earthquakes; Faulting; Landslides; Capacity building; Cultural heritages; Earthquake risk; Historical buildings; Human activities; Long-term risks; Risk evaluation; Scientific researches; Weathering
REFERENCES: World Heritage Review, (2001); 
Landslides Disaster Risk Reduction, (2008); 
Landslides Disaster Risk Reduction Proceedings 1st World Landslide Forum, (2008); 
Landslide News, (1997); 
Landslides of the World, (1999); 
Landslides Disaster Risk Reduction, (2008); 
Evaluation and Study of Regional Crustal Stability and Geological Hazards of Xi an Area, (1990); 
Revista Universitaria Unsaax, (1963); 
Proc International Symposium on Landslide Hazard Assessment, (1997); 
Precursory Stage of Landslides in the Inca World Heritage Site at Machu Picchu Peru, (2005)
PUBLISHER: Springer Science and Business Media, LLC
CONFERENCE NAME: 2008 1st World Landslide Forum
CONFERENCE DATE: 2008-11-18 through 2008-11-21
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Konagai, K., Jorgen, J., Shigeki, T., Ikeda, I.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Konagai, Kazuo (7004164064); Jorgen, Johansson (56071087800); Shigeki, Takatsu (56070974800); Ikeda, Taka'aki (8514926700)
7004164064; 56071087800; 56070974800; 8514926700
Huge landslides caused by massive earthquakes and long-lasting geotechnical risks
(2009), pp. 159 - 176, Cited 5 times.
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-69970-5_8
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84896341304&doi=10.1007%2F978-3-540-69970-5_8&partnerID=40&md5=244a04e07d69c131f5138611a3d61e21

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Industrial Science, Tokyo, Japan; CTI Engineering Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan; Research Institute of Technology, Tobishima Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
ABSTRACT: A massive earthquake often causes long-lasting geological issues, and the May 12th 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake was no exception. To quickly cope with ongoing problems, archiving past case histories is certainly necessary. This paper provides case histories from the 2005 Kashmir Earthquake, Pakistan, and the 2004 Mid-Niigata Earthquake, Japan, in which thoough monitoring of landforms has highlighted cause-and-effect sequence of events in the affected areas, and provides a basis for the recommendation of effective rehabilitation. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2009.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Monitoring; Precursor stage of landslide; Prediction; Risk evaluation
INDEX KEYWORDS: Forecasting; Landslides; Monitoring; 2005 Kashmir earthquake; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Affected area; Cause and effects; Geotechnical risks; Huge landslides; Risk evaluation; Sequence of events; Earthquakes
REFERENCES: Dunning, Stuart A., The Hattian Bala rock avalanche and associated landslides triggered by the Kashmir Earthquake of 8 October 2005, Engineering Geology, 93, 3-4, pp. 130-144, (2007); 
Ermini, Leonardo, Prediction of the behaviour of landslide dams using a geomorphological dimensionless index, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 28, 1, pp. 31-47, (2003); 
Earthquake Damage in Active Folding Areas Creation of A Comprehensive Data Archive and Suggestions for Its Application to Remedial Measures for Civilinfrastructure Systems, (2008); 
Urgent Development Study on Rehabilitation and Reconstruction in Muzaffarabad City in the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, (2006); 
Geol Surv Japan, (2019); 
Jica Ewbj Joint Seminar on Earthquake Natural Disaster Mitigation, (2007); 
Konagai, Kazuo, Tectonic deformation buildup in folded mountain terrains in the October 23, 2004, Mid-Niigata earthquake, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 29, 2, pp. 261-267, (2009); 
Active Faults of Pakistan, (1991); 
2004 Mid Niigata Earthquake, (2004); 
Ozawa, Taku, Coseismic deformation of the Mid Niigata prefecture Earthquake in 2004 detected by RADARSAT/InSAR, Earth, Planets and Space, 57, 5, pp. 423-428, (2005)
PUBLISHER: Springer Science and Business Media, LLC
CONFERENCE NAME: 2008 1st World Landslide Forum
CONFERENCE DATE: 2008-11-18 through 2008-11-21
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Sun, P., Yin, Y., Wu, S.R., Chen, L.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Sun, Ping (26428429500); Yin, Yueping (55687306100); Wu, Shuren (15744734100); Chen, Liwei (57129195200)
26428429500; 55687306100; 15744734100; 57129195200
Experimental study on shear strength of rocks from Donghekou landslide in Qingchuan County, Sichuan Province
(2009) Geological Bulletin of China, 28 (8), pp. 1163 - 1167, Cited 8 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-78149492043&partnerID=40&md5=2064859ed50e877bf5e91c7a18ec1581

AFFILIATIONS: Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China; China Geological Survey, Beijing, Beijing, China; China Nuclear Power Engineering Co.,Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
ABSTRACT: Donghekou landslide, a typical landslide located in Qingchuan County triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, with high speed and long run-out, caused more than 780 deaths. This landslide is mainly composed of Sinian limestone and Cambrian carbon slate and phyllite. After the earthquake, we investigated this landslide and collected representative rock samples. By using the 60t Hydraulic Universal Testing Machine, a series of tests had been carried out to study the mechanical properties of rocks from Donghekou landslide and significant conclusions were obtained. It's indicated by the test results that water is an important factor for the mechanical properties of rocks, and the shear strength is quite different when in the dried status than in saturated status. Moreover, the structural surface is also critical, which can be a controlling condition for rock landslide stability.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Donghekou landslide; Dried status; Mechanical property; Saturated status; Structural surface; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Sinia
REFERENCES: undefined, (1997); 
undefined, (2000); 
undefined, (2006); 
undefined, (2007); 
undefined, (2007); 
undefined, (2008); 
undefined, (2008); 
undefined, (2009)
PUBLISHER: China Geological Survey
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Li, Z., Chen, Q., Zhou, J., Tian, B.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Li, Zhen (57184557300); Chen, Quan (55616263500); Zhou, Jianmin (57209636353); Tian, Bangseng Sen (34882193500)
57184557300; 55616263500; 57209636353; 34882193500
Analysis of synthetic aperture image characteristics for seismic disasters in the Wenchuan earthquake
(2009) Journal of Applied Remote Sensing, 3 (1), art. no. 031685, Cited 10 times.
DOI: 10.1117/1.3153906
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77957324164&doi=10.1117%2F1.3153906&partnerID=40&md5=641aeb9b8c6529fb273ab1dd6be9f5bf

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Digital Earth, Center for Earth Observation and Digital Earth, Haidian, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: More than 69,000 people died following the magnitude 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake of May 12, 2008. Bad weather hampered relief efforts, and in some cases rescuers had to trek into the disaster area on foot and search for trapped survivors by hand as roads were blocked by debris. Due to travel difficulties, spatial information needs to be extracted in the disaster area by remote sensing techniques. The main problem focused on in this paper is how to use the all-weather and all-day/night capability of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) to extract primary seismic disaster information after the earthquake. Using air- and space-borne SAR images with different bands, polarizations and incidence angles, including multi-polarization X-band air-borne data, C-band polarimetric Radarsat-2, X-band TerraSAR-X with high resolution, multi-polarization X-band COSMO-SkyMed and L-band multi-polarization ALOS-PalSAR space-borne data, we perform image characteristics analysis of landslides. Obvious differences can be recognized between old and new landsides in SAR images with different bands. Multi-polarization SAR can play an important role in landslide discrimination. Two SAR images at different incidence angles do not provide much more information if the difference between the two angles is small. Landslide recognition accuracy strongly depends on the direction of view, especially for large incidence angles, in which case the characteristic difference for landslide recognition is great. There are different polarization responses between a landslide and its surroundings that can be used to recognize the landslide. Interferometric SAR images, on the other hand, do not provide good recognition capability due to temporal decorrelation and resolution. Meanwhile, information extraction of barrier lakes using different resolution and incidence angle SAR images is analyzed in this paper; small incidence angles and high resolutions improve the object recognition and information extraction of barrier lakes. © 2009 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: barrier lake; interferometric SAR; landslide; polarizational response; SAR image characteristic; Wenchuan Earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Artificial intelligence; Disasters; Earthquakes; Image analysis; Image enhancement; Information retrieval; Information use; Interferometry; Lakes; Landslides; Object recognition; Polarization; Remote sensing; Space-based radar; Synthetic aperture radar; Barrier lakes; Interferometric SAR; polarizational response; SAR Images; Wenchuan Earthquake; Radar imaging
REFERENCES: Science in China, (1997); 
Earth Science Frontiers, (2001); 
Liu Hefu, Structural styles of the Longmenshan thrust belt and evolution of the foreland basin in western Sichuan Province, China, Dizhi Xuebao/Acta Geologica Sinica, 68, 2, pp. 101-118, (1994); 
Zhang, Yueqiao, Briefing on the Wenchuan 8.0-magnitude earthquake in Sichuan, SW China paying condolence to the victims in the Wenchuan earthquake, Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition), 82, 7, pp. 1013-1015, (2008); 
undefined; 
Iwashita, Atsushi, Study of ground surface displacement estimation using ALOS/PALSAR D-InSAR interferometry, International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), pp. 1616-1617, (2007); 
DLR Cluster Applied Remote Sensing Terrasar X Ground Segment Basic Product Specification Document, (2008); 
Cosmo Skymed Mission Cosmo Skymed SAR Products Handbook, (2006); 
Remote Sensing for Land Resources, (2007); 
Principles and Applications of Imaging Radar, (1998)
PUBLISHER: SPIE spie@spie.org
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wang, C., Zhang, H., Wu, F., Zhang, B., Tang, Y., Wu, H., Wen, X., Yan, D.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wang, Chao (55141316100); Zhang, Hong (56179236500); Wu, Fan (57104120200); Zhang, Bo (57199725987); Tang, Yixian (7404592033); Wu, Hong'an (15052729600); Wen, Xiaoyang (8535446100); Yan, Dongmei (35868211600)
55141316100; 56179236500; 57104120200; 57199725987; 7404592033; 15052729600; 8535446100; 35868211600
Disaster phenomena of Wenchuan earthquake in high resolution airborne synthetic aperture radar images
(2009) Journal of Applied Remote Sensing, 3 (1), art. no. 031690, Cited 28 times.
DOI: 10.1117/1.3154558
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77957323820&doi=10.1117%2F1.3154558&partnerID=40&md5=4fa7de60ba87d383f1214db976f60e89

AFFILIATIONS: Center for Earth Observation and Digital Earth, Haidian, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: The devastating Wenchuan Earthquake occurred in Sichuan Province, Southwestern China, with a magnitude of 8.0 on May 12, 2008. Most buildings along the seismic zone were ruined, resulting in infrastructure damage to factories, traffic facilities and power supplies. The earthquake also triggered geological disasters, such as landslides, debris flow, landslide lakes, etc. During the rescue campaign the remote sensing aircrafts of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), equipped with synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and optical sensors, flew over the disaster area and acquired many high resolution airborne SAR images. We first describe the basic characteristics of SAR imagery. The SAR images of buildings are simulated, and the backscattering mechanism of the buildings is analyzed. Finally, the various disaster phenomena are described and analyzed in the high resolution airborne SAR images. It is shown that certain phenomena of ruins could be identified clearly in high resolution SAR images in proper imaging conditions, while the functional destruction is quite difficult to detect. With calibrated data, the polarmetric SAR interferometry could be used to analyze the scattering mechanism and 3D distribution of the scattering center, which are redound to earthquake damage assessment. © 2009 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Damage Assess-ment; High Resolution SAR; SAR Simulation; Wenchuan Earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Aircraft accidents; Damage detection; Disasters; Earthquakes; Image analysis; Landslides; Remote sensing; Synthetic aperture radar; Airborne synthetic aperture radars; Basic characteristics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Damage Assess-ment; High-resolution SAR; Remote sensing aircrafts; SAR simulation; Wenchuan Earthquake; Radar imaging
REFERENCES: Zhang Decheng, Preliminary study on visual interpretation marks of building damages caused by earthquakes on aerophotograph, Earthquake, 1, 1, pp. 26-30, (1993); 
Journal of Catastrophology, (1997); 
J Geologic Hazards Environ Preservat, (1995); 
Journal of Natural Disasters, (1996); 
Journal of Natural Disasters, (1998); 
Earth Science Frontiers, (2003); 
13th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, (2004); 
Journal of Natural Disasters, (2002); 
Proc Rem Sens Technol Forum, (2003); 
Yang, Zhe, Quick determination of epicentral regions using airborne earthquake disastrous SAR image characters, Dizhen Dizhi, 21, 4, pp. 452-458, (1999)
PUBLISHER: SPIE spie@spie.org
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Huang, X., Wei, C., Li, H.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Huang, Xiaoxia (36181146300); Wei, Chengjie (7401658054); Li, Hongga (8280427500)
36181146300; 7401658054; 8280427500
Remote sensing analysis of the distribution and genetic mechanisms of transportation network damage caused by the Wenchuan earthquake
(2009) Journal of Applied Remote Sensing, 3 (1), art. no. 031650, Cited 7 times.
DOI: 10.1117/1.3154387
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77957321349&doi=10.1117%2F1.3154387&partnerID=40&md5=be22b32c8e413b6299f3863b099b654e

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Remote Sensing Application Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Transportation networks are among the most important lifelines for post-seismic relief and reconstruction. It is imperative to investigate, monitor, and analyze transportation network damage caused by earthquake disasters in near real-time. Herein, we present a method for the analysis of seismic hazards and the subsequent assessment of the impact of the Wenchuan earthquake on transportation networks employing remote sensing and geographical information systems. In this method, the locations, shapes, lengths, and areas of the main damaged segments of state and provincial highways are interpreted and surveyed based on airborne ADS40 data and diverse remotely sensed satellite images of varying resolutions before and after the disaster. Next, the spatial distributions of geological disasters such as landslides, land-collapses, mud-rock flows, bank-collapses, earthquake rifts, and faults, as well as barrier lakes, were analyzed. These types of geological disasters commonly cause transportation network blockage and damage. Finally, geographical factors, including geological structures, topography, and landscapes, were collected and integrated with the disaster statistics to quantitatively analyze the primary transportation seismic disaster indices, and evaluate the geographical characteristics and genetic mechanisms of seismic disasters. Our results indicate that transportation network blockage and damage occurred in 808 segments, with a total length of 170.2 km, and occupied 29.66% of the total length of the state and provincial highways in the core disaster regions. The distribution of transportation network blockage and damage has obvious geographical characteristics. It is concentrated in regions near geological faults, folds, rock crushes, and breaks, especially near the Longmenshan-controlling fault, which played a decisive role in the Wenchuan earthquake. The remotely sensed images, maps, and analytical results on the geographical distribution and genetic mechanisms of the transportation network blockage and damage effectively guided the national department of transportation repair and reconstruction planning for the disaster areas. © 2009 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Assessment; Genetic mechanism analysis; Remote sensing; Seismic hazard; Transportation network blockage and damage; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Damage detection; Disasters; Faulting; Geographical distribution; Hazards; Remote sensing; Seismic response; Topography; Assessment; Genetic mechanism; Seismic hazards; Transportation network; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes
REFERENCES: Liu, Jiahang, Acquisition of earthquake damage information based on remote sensing technology: History, current situation and trend, Journal of Natural Disasters, 13, 6, pp. 46-52, (2004); 
Seismic Damage of Tangshan Earthquake, (2025); 
Assessment of Nantou Twain 921 Earthquake Disasters by Satellite Remote Sensing, (2000); 
Earth Science Frontiers, (2003); 
Liu, Jianhang, Imagery region analyzing method of urban building's earthquake damage: A comparative study with point characteristics-based criterion approaches, Journal of Natural Disasters, 13, 5, pp. 149-156, (2004); 
Journal of Natural Disasters, (2001); 
Journal of Natural Disasters, (2002); 
Proc 2nd Int Airborne Rem Sens Conf, (1996); 
Gamba, Paolo Ettore, GIS and image understanding for near-real-time earthquake damage assessment, Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, 64, 10, pp. 987-994, (1998); 
Proc 2nd Int Sym Operationalization of Remote Sensing, (1999)
PUBLISHER: SPIE spie@spie.org
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Han, Y.S., Liu, H.-J., Cui, P., Su, F.H., Du, D.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Han, Yongshun (8045872900); Liu, Hongjiang (36521211700); Cui, Peng (56706923500); Su, Fenghuan (14033176000); Du, Dongsheng (36520858300)
8045872900; 36521211700; 56706923500; 14033176000; 36520858300
Hazard assessment on secondary mountain-hazards triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake
(2009) Journal of Applied Remote Sensing, 3 (1), art. no. 031645, Cited 19 times.
DOI: 10.1117/1.3154419
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77957315421&doi=10.1117%2F1.3154419&partnerID=40&md5=7d17351eef9aab785f70dba20365800e

AFFILIATIONS: School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; School of City and Environment, Yunnan University of Finance and Economics, Kunming, Yunnan, China
ABSTRACT: The Wenchuan earthquake triggered large numbers of secondary mountain hazards which caused great casualties and losses. Based upon remote sensing interpretation, field investigation, and disaster surveys, we describe the general situation of the earthquake, study the spatial distribution of the secondary mountain hazards, establishe a hazard degree index model according to disaster-forming factors and seismic parameters, and make a hazard assessment on the secondary mountain hazards. Moreover, using geographical information system and remote sensing technologies and the principle of regional factors, the study area is classified into four hazard zones: no-hazard zone, low-hazard zone, moderate-hazard zone, and high-hazard zone. The results show that the high-hazard zone is distributed along the three main fault zones of the Longmen Mountain, mainly along the Minjiang River valley, the Yuzi Creek, the Jianjiang River valley, and other river valley areas. The other hazard zones are distributed outside the high-hazard zone in a ring shape, respectively, and their hazard degrees decrease gradually, especially in the low elevation areas and the Chengdu Plain where the hazard degree is the lowest. The developmental trend of secondary mountain hazards is analyzed in view of geodynamics. © 2009 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: debris flow; hazard assessment; landslide; rock fall; Wenchuan Earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Disasters; Information use; Landforms; Landslides; Remote sensing; Rivers; Rock bursts; Debris flows; Field investigation; Hazard Assessment; Remote sensing interpretation; Remote sensing technology; Rockfalls; Seismic parameters; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes
REFERENCES: Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences, (2008); 
Earthquake Research in China, (2006); 
Science and Technology Review, (2008); 
Journal of Remote Sensing, (2008); 
Journal of Engineering Geology, (2008); 
Costa, John E., FORMATION AND FAILURE OF NATURAL DAMS., Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 100, 7, pp. 1054-1068, (1988); 
Journal of Mountain Science, (2000); 
Geological Review of Japan, (1978); 
Keefer, David K., LANDSLIDES CAUSED BY EARTHQUAKES., Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 95, 4, pp. 406-421, (1984); 
Rodríguez, Carlos E., Earthquake-induced landslides: 1980-1997, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 18, 5, pp. 325-346, (1999)
PUBLISHER: SPIE spie@spie.org
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Liu, L., Wu, Y., Zuo, Z., Chen, Z., Wang, X., Zhang, W.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Liu, Liangyun (8600097300); Wu, Yanhong (57221579071); Zuo, Zhengli (15129287700); Chen, Zhengchao (7409481437); Wang, Xingxing (15066357000); Zhang, Wenjuan (35235960300)
8600097300; 57221579071; 15129287700; 7409481437; 15066357000; 35235960300
Monitoring and assessment of barrier lakes formed after the Wenchuan earthquake based on multitemporal remote sensing data
(2009) Journal of Applied Remote Sensing, 3 (1), art. no. 031665, Cited 21 times.
DOI: 10.1117/1.3153915
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77957313087&doi=10.1117%2F1.3153915&partnerID=40&md5=b01d307aec10cd3fe978a8b0b48a1a97

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Digital Earth, Center for Earth Observation and Digital Earth, Haidian, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: The Wenchuan earthquake on May 12, 2008, triggered many secondary disasters, among which the barrier lakes formed by landslides were extremely serious. We monitored the number and spatial distribution of the barrier lakes in the earthquake-hit area from ADS40 airborne images, which covered areas of about 23,700 km2. The results showed that there were 51 barrier lakes in the monitored area; among these, 10 were large-scale lakes and 14 were middle-sized lakes. The barrier lakes were distributed along the Longmen Mountain fault from the northeast to southwest direction. We used the dimensionless blockage index (DBI) to assess the potential risk of the barrier lakes. A small DBI value indicated a stable barrier lake, but the lake might have a higher risk with potential accumulative secondary disasters. Our study emphasized the monitoring and analysis of the high-risk Tangjiashan Barrier Lake from the multitemporal ADS40 airborne images acquired on May 16, 19, 23, and 27. We found that the water level at this barrier lake reached 66 m within 15 days after the barrier lake was formed, and the reservoir storage capacity reached 1.2 × 108 m3 with an increase of 8 × 106 m3 of water per day. Therefore, it faced a very real and urgent risk of dam break and overflow, considering the predicted storm rainfall and the continuous aftershocks. According to the analysis results, airborne remote sensing demonstrated the advantages of being intelligent, being able to maneuver, and providing high resolution. These advantages allowed us to quickly monitor and assess the distribution and dynamic changes of the barrier lakes in the earthquake-hit region using multitemporal airborne remote sensing images. © 2009 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: airborne remote sensing; barrier lake; Longmen Mountain fault zone; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Digital storage; Disasters; Earthquakes; Faulting; Remote sensing; Reservoirs (water); Risk assessment; Water levels; Airborne remote sensing; Barrier lakes; Fault zone; Monitoring and analysis; Monitoring and assessment; Multi-temporal remote sensing; Reservoir storage capacity; Wenchuan Earthquake; Lakes
REFERENCES: A Modern Dictionary of Geography, (1990); 
Ermini, Leonardo, Prediction of the behaviour of landslide dams using a geomorphological dimensionless index, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 28, 1, pp. 31-47, (2003); 
Quaternary Sciences, (2004); 
Earth Science Frontiers, (2008); 
Stone, Richard, Sichuan disaster: Landslides, Flooding Pose Threats As Experts Survey Quake's Impact, Science, 320, 5879, pp. 996-997, (2008); 
Korup, Oliver, Geomorphometric characteristics of New Zealand landslide dams, Engineering Geology, 73, 1-2, pp. 13-35, (2004); 
Casagli, Nicola, Geomorphic analysis of landslide dams in the Northern Apennine, Chikei, 20, 3, pp. 219-249, (1999); 
Schuster, Robert L., PERSPECTIVE ON LANDSLIDE DAMS., pp. 1-20, (1986); 
J Jpn Landslide Soc, (1995); 
Quincey, Duncan J., Early recognition of glacial lake hazards in the Himalaya using remote sensing datasets, Global and Planetary Change, 56, 1-2, pp. 137-152, (2007)
PUBLISHER: SPIE spie@spie.org
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Fan, X., Du, X., Tan, J., Zhu, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Fan, Xiangtao (7403394160); Du, Xiaoping (56506043800); Tan, Jian (15763430400); Zhu, Junjie (55575860800)
7403394160; 56506043800; 15763430400; 55575860800
Three-dimensional visualization simulation assessment system based on multi-source data fusion for the Wenchuan earthquake
(2009) Journal of Applied Remote Sensing, 3 (1), art. no. 031640, Cited 9 times.
DOI: 10.1117/1.3154425
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77957302801&doi=10.1117%2F1.3154425&partnerID=40&md5=7a8e75001f5925c5aeabfbdc8c07c42a

AFFILIATIONS: Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: We have developed a visual three-dimensional simulation and assessment system of the Wenchuan earthquake zone using the Digital Earth concept and highly efficient spatial information visualization technology. Our goal is to provide a foundation for earthquake disaster relief and reconstruction. A number of major collapses, landslides, mud-rock flows and other geological disasters are analysed in the system, and the system can be used to monitor and analyse earthquake relief, rescue and insurance to provide first-hand source material for disaster situation assessment. Multi-sensor, multi-temporal, multi-resolution remote sensing data and multi-scale DEM data are integrated into this system, and produce a sequence of comprehensive resolution datasets. We present management methods for a dynamic multi-resolution terrain model and multi-level scene. These methods are based on the model division, delaminating algorithm, and make use of high-speed buffering mechanisms to achieve a multi-level large-scale real-time rendering of scenes in the disaster areas, which also effectively reduces the rendering delay, and achieves smooth, seamless roaming at different model levels. © 2009 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: multi-resolution; multi-source data fusion; three-dimensional visualization; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Data fusion; Data visualization; Disaster prevention; Earthquakes; Emergency services; Information systems; Remote sensing; Rendering (computer graphics); Visualization; Delaminating algorithms; High-speed buffering; Multi-resolution remote sensing; Multisource data; Spatial informations; Three dimensional simulations; Three dimensional visualization; Wenchuan Earthquake; Three dimensional computer graphics
REFERENCES: Remote Sensing for Land Resources, (1993); 
Xibei Seismology Journal, (2008); 
Journal of Natural Disasters, (2002); 
Earthquake Remote Sensing Image Change Detection Technology Research, (2003); 
Abdalla, Rifaat M., Integrated distributed GIS approach for earthquake disaster modeling and visualization, pp. 1183-1192, (2005); 
Kellogg, Louise H., Interactive visualization to advance earthquake simulation, Pure and Applied Geophysics, 165, 3-4, pp. 621-633, (2008); 
Vučinić, Dean, Distributed 3D Information Visualization - Towards Integration of the Dynamic 3D Graphics and Web Services, Communications in Computer and Information Science, 4 CCIS, pp. 155-168, (2007)
PUBLISHER: SPIE spie@spie.org
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zhang, B., Jiao, Q., Wu, Y., Zhang, W.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhang, Bing (8835983800); Jiao, Quanjun (23492392400); Wu, Yanhong (57221579071); Zhang, Wenjuan (35235960300)
8835983800; 23492392400; 57221579071; 35235960300
Estimating soil erosion changes in the Wenchuan earthquake disaster area using geo-spatial information technology
(2009) Journal of Applied Remote Sensing, 3 (1), art. no. 031675, Cited 17 times.
DOI: 10.1117/1.3153914
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77953350518&doi=10.1117%2F1.3153914&partnerID=40&md5=1e99024bb0f8f1d47ba2a5fd4cb53b2a

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Digital Earth, Center for Earth Observation and Digital Earth, Haidian, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: The secondary disasters induced by the Wenchuan earthquake of May 12, 2008, such as landslides, collapsing rocks, debris flows, floods, etc., have changed the local natural landscape tremendously and caused heavy soil erosion in the earthquake-hit areas. Using thematic mapper images taken before the earthquake and airborne images taken after the earthquake, we extracted information about the destroyed landscape by utilizing remote sensing and geographical information system techniques. Then, taking into account multi-year precipitation, vegetation cover, soil type, land use, and elevation data, we evaluated the soil erosion area and intensity using the revised universal soil loss equation. Results indicate that the soil erosion in earthquake-hit areas was exacerbated, with the severe erosion area increasing by 279.2 km2, or 1.9% of the total statistical area. Large amounts of soil and debris blocked streams and formed many barrier lakes over an area of more than 3.9 km2. It was evident from the spatial distribution of soil erosion areas that the intensity of soil erosion accelerated in the stream valley areas, especially in the valleys of the Min River and the Jian River. © 2009 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: GIS; remote sensing; soil erosion; Wenchuan Earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Debris; Disasters; Erosion; Geographic information systems; Information use; Land use; Remote sensing; Sediment transport; Soils; Geo-spatial informations; Natural landscapes; Revised universal soil loss equations; Secondary disasters; Soil erosion; Thematic mapper images; Vegetation cover; Wenchuan Earthquake; Earthquakes
REFERENCES: Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, (1971); 
Yoder, Daniel C., The future of RUSLE: inside the new Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation, Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 50, 5, pp. 484-493, (1995); 
Cai Qiangguo, Process-based soil erosion and sediment yield model in a small basin in the hilly loess region, Dili Xuebao/Acta Geographica Sinica, 51, 2, pp. 108-117, (1996); 
Soil Loss Prediction Model, (2001); 
Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, (2004); 
Research of Soil and Water Conservation, (2004); 
Res Soil Water Conserv, (2000); 
Tang, Bangxing, Mountain disaster formation in northwest Sichuan, GeoJournal, 34, 1, pp. 41-46, (1994); 
Meyer, L. A., Evolution of the universal soil loss equation., Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 39, 2, pp. 99-104, (1984); 
Agriculture Handbook, (1997)
PUBLISHER: SPIE spie@spie.org
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Marui, H., Nadim, F.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Marui, Hideaki (9733130000); Nadim, Farrokh (57200584204)
9733130000; 57200584204
Landslides and multi-hazards
(2009), pp. 435 - 450, Cited 16 times.
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-69970-5_23
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-77649233004&doi=10.1007%2F978-3-540-69970-5_23&partnerID=40&md5=716b6177edcdacbfaae5c0e4cda9f729

AFFILIATIONS: Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata, Japan; Norges Geotekniske Institutt, Oslo, Oslo, Norway
ABSTRACT: Landslides occur frequently in connection with other types of hazardous phenomena such as earthquakes and volcanic activities. Strong earthquakes often cause a large number of landslides, including large-scale landslides, in mountainous areas. Volcanic activities could trigger giant landslides or debris avalanches on mountain slopes. It is not uncommon that such large-scale landslides cause river blockage and form natural dams, which are vulnerable to collapse by overtopping and breaching. The sudden collapse of a landslide dam can cause a catastrophic flood in the downstream area. Submarine landslides are also common phenomena. Large-scale submarine landslides cause catastrophic tsunamis. In assessing those catastrophic cases as a whole, it is necessary to pay special attention to extremely high threats to vulnerable settlements in hazardous areas. The risk assessment of such complicated combined land slide disasters around the world, particularly in developing countries, is a significant step for identifying the appropriate mitigation strategy against catastrophicdamage. In recent decades we have experienced remarkable disasters induced by landslides. For example, a huge number of landslides were induced by the Chi-Chi earthquake in Taiwan (1999), by the Mid-Niigata Prefecture earthquake in Japan (2004) and the Northern Pakistan earthquake (2005). Most recently the Wenchuan earthquake occurred with magnitude 8.0 in central part of China on May 12, 2008. This gigantic earthquake caused a tremendous number of landslides, as seen in the satellite picture in Fig. 23.1. Large-scale landslides occurred in volcanic areas, such as at Stromboli Volcano in Italy (2002) (Fig. 23.2) and on Leyte Island in Philippines (2006) (Fig. 23.3). Whole such events manifest the significance of a thematic session within the First World Landslide Forum focussing on the issue of risk mitigation targeting "landslides and multi-hazards". © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2009.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Earthquake; Landslide dam; Submarine landslide; Tsunami; Volcanic activity
INDEX KEYWORDS: Developing countries; Disasters; Earthquakes; Hazards; Risk assessment; Submarine geology; Submarines; Tsunamis; Volcanoes; Catastrophic floods; Landslide dam; Large-scale landslides; Mitigation strategy; Satellite pictures; Submarine landslides; Volcanic activities; Wenchuan Earthquake; Landslides
REFERENCES: Proceedings of Fringe 2003 Workshop, (2003); 
Proceedings of 1st Nacl, (2007); 
Landslide Risk Analysis and Sustainable Disaster Management, (2005); 
Proceedings of 9th International Symposium on Landslides, (2004); 
Chen, Hongey, The impact of landslide and debris flows triggered by Typhoon Mindulle in Taiwan, Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology, 38, 3, pp. 301-304, (2005); 
Proceedings of the 4th International Conference and Field Workshop on Landslides, (1985); 
Hürlimann, Marcel, Conditions favouring catastrophic landslides on Tenerife (Canary Islands), Terra Nova, 11, 2-3, pp. 106-111, (1999); 
Jeanjean, Philippe, The challenges of siting facilities along the Sigsbee escarpment in the southern Green Canyon area of the Gulf of Mexico: Framework for integrated studies, Proceedings of the Annual Offshore Technology Conference, 2003-May, pp. 862-873, (2003); 
Keefer, David K., LANDSLIDES CAUSED BY EARTHQUAKES., Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 95, 4, pp. 406-421, (1984); 
Special Issue of Marine and Petroleum Geology on Ormen Lange, (2005)
PUBLISHER: Springer Science and Business Media, LLC
CONFERENCE NAME: 2008 1st World Landslide Forum
CONFERENCE DATE: 2008-11-18 through 2008-11-21
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Chen, N.-S., Yang, C.-L., Zhou, W., Hu, G.-S., Li, H., Hand, D.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Chen, Ningsheng (8726157200); Yang, Chenglin (55646442300); Zhou, Wei (55443778400); Hu, Guisheng (35113314000); Li, Huan (56076976300); Hand, David (36642097500)
8726157200; 55646442300; 55443778400; 35113314000; 56076976300; 36642097500
The critical rainfall characteristics for torrents and debris flows in the Wenchuan earthquake stricken area
(2009) Journal of Mountain Science, 6 (4), pp. 362 - 372, Cited 51 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11629-009-1064-9
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-70350664439&doi=10.1007%2Fs11629-009-1064-9&partnerID=40&md5=1810f9da7c7b18f4201d51955c0ec0a9

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Department of Civil Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
ABSTRACT: Critical rainfall assessment is a very important tool for hazard management of torrents and debris flows in mountainous areas. The Wenchuan Earthquake 2008 caused huge casualties and property damages in the earthquake-stricken area, which also generated large quantities of loose solid materials and increased occurrence probabilities of debris flows. There is an urgent need to quantify the critical rainfall distribution in the area so that better hazard management could be planned and if real time rainfall forecast is available, torrent and debris flow early-warning could be issued in advance. This study is based on 49-year observations (1954-2003) of up to 678 torrent and debris flow events. Detailed contour maps of 1 hour and 24 hour critical rainfalls have been generated (Due to the data limitation, there was insufficient 10 minute critical rainfall to make its contour map). Generally, the contour maps from 1 hour and 24 hours have similar patterns. Three zones with low, medium and high critical rainfalls have been identified. The characteristics of the critical rainfall zones are linked with the local vegetation cover and land forms. Further studies and observations are needed to validate the finding and improve the contour maps. © Science Press, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, CAS and Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2009.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Critical rainfall; Debris flow; Earthquake-stricken area; Mountain torrent
REFERENCES: Bianco, G., Comparison of debris-flow events in three contiguous basins, triggered during the same storm event, International Conference on Debris-Flow Hazards Mitigation: Mechanics, Prediction, and Assessment, Proceedings, 2, pp. 943-954, (2003); 
Caine, Nel, The rainfall intensity-duration control of shallow landslides and debris flows., Geografiska Annaler, Series A: Physical Geography, 62, 1-2, pp. 23-27, (1980); 
California Geology, (1985); 
Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation, (1989); 
Scientia Geographica Sinica, (2006); 
Cheng, Jack D., Landslides and debris flows induced by typhoon Toraji, July 29-30, 2001 in central Taiwan, International Conference on Debris-Flow Hazards Mitigation: Mechanics, Prediction, and Assessment, Proceedings, 2, pp. 919-929, (2003); 
Dhital, Megh Raj, Causes and consequences of the 1993 debris flows and landslides in the Kulekhani watershed, central Nepal, International Conference on Debris-Flow Hazards Mitigation: Mechanics, Prediction, and Assessment, Proceedings, 2, pp. 931-942, (2003); 
Google Maps, (2013); 
Keefer, David K., Real-time landslide warning during heavy rainfall, Science, 238, 4829, pp. 921-925, (1987); 
Jomelli, Vincent, Hillslope debris-flow frequency since the beginning of the 20th century in the Massif des Ecrins (French Alps), International Conference on Debris-Flow Hazards Mitigation: Mechanics, Prediction, and Assessment, Proceedings, 1, pp. 127-137, (2003)
PUBLISHER: Science Press
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zuo, R., Agterberg, F.P., Cheng, Q., Yao, L.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zuo, Renguang (15833309600); Agterberg, Frederik P. (35616174500); Cheng, Qiuming (23980841500); Yao, Lingqing (7201688278)
15833309600; 35616174500; 23980841500; 7201688278
Fractal characterization of the spatial distribution of geological point processes
(2009) International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 11 (6), pp. 394 - 402, Cited 77 times.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jag.2009.07.001
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-70349433551&doi=10.1016%2Fj.jag.2009.07.001&partnerID=40&md5=c886c68750a398ea8518daf676b01313

AFFILIATIONS: China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Geological Survey of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Earth and Space Science and Engineering, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
ABSTRACT: Geological point processes can be used to model point patterns occurring frequently in a wide variety of geoscience fields, including the study of mineral deposits, oil producing wells, earthquakes, and landslides. Characterization of the spatial distribution of GPP has implications for understanding the properties of the underlying geological processes and events. Three examples of GPP dealing with (1) metallic mineral deposits, (2) oil producing wells, and (3) aftershocks of the Wenchuan earthquake (on 12 May 2008, magnitude 8.0) are presented to illustrate that (1) the spatial distribution of geological point processes generally shows clustering implying rejection of the Poisson model because L(r) > L<inf>Pois</inf>(r); (2) the clustering statistics of the underlying geological processes are fractal; and (3) the size distribution of geological point processes is scale invariant. These results indicate existence of a fundamental law concerning the fractal nature of the point distributions generated by geological point processes. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Earthquakes; Fractal; Geosciences; L function; Mineral deposits; Oil wells; Point process
INDEX KEYWORDS: aftershock; cluster analysis; earthquake event; fractal analysis; geology; geostatistics; mineral deposit; numerical model; oil well; spatial distribution
REFERENCES: International Geological Congress 27th Proceedings, (1984); 
24th Apcom Symposium Proceeding, (1993); 
Developments in Geomathematics, (1974); 
Geological Survey of Canada, (1975); 
Agterberg, Frederik P., FORTRAN program for the analysis of point patterns with correction for edge effects, Computers and Geosciences, 20, 2, pp. 229-245, (1994); 
Aki, Keiiti, A probabilistic synthesis of precursory phenomena., pp. 566-574, (1981); 
Allain, Catherine A., Characterizing the lacunarity of random and deterministic fractal sets, Physical Review A - Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics, 44, 6, pp. 3552-3558, (1991); 
Management Science, (1957); 
Baddeley, Adrian J., spatstat: An R package for analyzing spatial point patterns, Journal of Statistical Software, 12, pp. 1-42, (2005); 
Baddeley, Adrian J., Spatial point processes and their applications, Lecture Notes in Mathematics, 1892, pp. 1-75, (2006)
PUBLISHER: Elsevier
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Fu, B., Shi, P., Wang, P., Li, Q., Kong, P., Zheng, G.-D.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Fu, Bihong (7103382662); Shi, Pilong (26421447200); Wang, Ping W. (7407616360); Li, Qian (36062654700); Kong, Ping (57205397780); Zheng, Guodong (7402224441)
7103382662; 26421447200; 7407616360; 36062654700; 57205397780; 7402224441
Geometry and kinematics of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake surface ruptures around the Qushan Town of Beichuan County, Sichuan: Implications for mitigation of seismic and geologic disasters
(2009) Acta Geophysica Sinica, 52 (2), pp. 485 - 495, Cited 37 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-67649236224&partnerID=40&md5=98c08109867473030b1d05da2a711d05

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics, Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing, China; National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
ABSTRACT: The NE-trending Yingxiu-Beichuan and Guanxian-Anxian faults in the Longmen Shan fault zone are responsible for the 12 May 2008 Ms8. 0 Wenchuan earthquake. Based on the interpretation of post-quake high-resolution remote sensing imagery and field geologic observations, the geometry and kinematics of co-seismic surface rupture as well as the seismic and geologic hazards along the Beichuan segment between Leigu Town and Qushan Town, Beichuan County, are analyzed in detail. Results indicate that surface deformation appears as an oblique thrusting with near equal vertical and right-lateral displacements ranged from 2 to 10 m, in which the largest displacement occurred along this segment in the Yingxiu-Beichuan fault, A notable distribution feature of geologic disasters and building damages induced by this earthquake shows strong hanging wall effects across the surface rupture zone; the highest density of landslides, rock falls, debris flows and building damages occurred on the northwest (hanging wall) side of the fault, but few geologic disasters developed on the southeast (foot wall) side of the fault. These effects are caused directly by the asymmetric fault geometry and the stress interaction between the fault motion and free surface of the slopes. Other factors such as material heterogeneity and spatial variation in frictional properties along the fault strike may further affect the rupture and slip patterns of oblique thrust faulting with a right-lateral strike-slip component. From view of disaster mitigation, the geometry and kinematics of surface rupture zone associated with the M<inf>s</inf>8. 0 Wenchuan earthquake also taught a realistic lesson to how to mitigate potential seismic and geologic disasters associated with future great earthquakes in highly populated region through pre-earthquake analysis and evaluation of active faults using remote sensing technique combined with field reconnaissance.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Coseismic surface rupture; High-resolution remote sensing, Effects of seismic and geologic disaster; Yingxiu-Beichuan fault
INDEX KEYWORDS: disaster; fault zone; geometry; image resolution; kinematics; remote sensing; rupture; Sichuan earthquake 2008; stress; Asia; Beichuan; China; Eurasia; Far East; Longmen Mountains; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Zhang, Peizlien Zhen, Slip rates and recurrence intervals of the Longmen Shan active fault zone, and tectonic implications for the mechanism of the May 12 Wenchuan earthquake, 2008, Sichuan, China, Acta Geophysica Sinica, 51, 4, pp. 1066-1073, (2008); 
Xiwei, Xu, The MS8.0 Wenchuan earthquake surface ruptures and its seismogenic structure, Dizhen Dizhi, 30, 3, pp. 597-629, (2008); 
Fu, Bihong, Spatial characteristics of the surface rupture produced by the M s8. 0 wenchuan earthquake using high-resolution remote sensing imagery, Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition), 82, 12, pp. 1679-1687, (2008); 
Li, Haibing, Co-seisimic surface rupture and dextral-slip oblique thrusting of the Ms 8. 0 wenchuan earthquake, Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition), 82, 12, pp. 1623-1643, (2008); 
Liu, Jingshuang Jinglan, The Ms 8. 0 Wenchuan Earthquake co-seismic rupture and its tectonic implications - An out-of-sequence thrusting event with slip partitioned on multiple faults, Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition), 82, 12, pp. 1707-1722, (2008); 
Quaternary Sciences, (2008); 
Burchfiel, B. Clark, A geological and geophysical context for the Wenchuan earthquake of 12 May 2008, Sichuan, People's Republic of China, GSA Today, 18, 7, pp. 4-11, (2008); 
Xu, Zhiqin Qin, Uplift of the Longmen-Jinping orogenic belt along the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau: Large-scale detachment faulting and extrusion mechanism, Geological Bulletin of China, 26, 10, pp. 1262-1276, (2007); 
Xu, Zhiqin Qin, Uplift of the Longmen Shan range and the Wenchuan earthquake, Episodes, 31, 3, pp. 291-301, (2008); 
Petroleum Geology Experiment, (2003)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Yin, Y., Wang, F.-W., Sun, P.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Yin, Yueping (55687306100); Wang, Fawu (16305836600); Sun, Ping (26428429500)
55687306100; 16305836600; 26428429500
Landslide hazards triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China
(2009) Landslides, 6 (2), pp. 139 - 152, Cited 824 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s10346-009-0148-5
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-67349269508&doi=10.1007%2Fs10346-009-0148-5&partnerID=40&md5=b9a8dd109a4e804a7494b2855867e80c

AFFILIATIONS: China Geological Survey, Beijing, Beijing, China; Research Centre on Landslides, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan; Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake (M <inf>s</inf>∈=∈8.0; epicenter located at 31.0° N, 103.4° E), with a focal depth of 19.0 km was triggered by the reactivation of the Longmenshan fault in Wenchuan County, Sichuan Province, China on 12 May 2008. This earthquake directly caused more than 15,000 geohazards in the form of landslides, rockfalls, and debris flows which resulted in about 20,000 deaths. It also caused more than 10,000 potential geohazard sites, especially for rockfalls, reflecting the susceptibility of high and steep slopes in mountainous areas affected by the earthquake. Landslide occurrence on mountain ridges and peaks indicated that seismic shaking was amplified by mountainous topography. Thirty-three of the high-risk landslide lakes with landslide dam heights greater than 10 m were classified into four levels: extremely high risk, high risk, medium risk, and low risk. The levels were created by comprehensively analyzing the capacity of landslide lakes, the height of landslide dams, and the composition and structure of materials that blocked rivers. In the epicenter area which was 300 km long and 10 km wide along the main seismic fault, there were lots of landslides triggered by the earthquake, and these landslides have a common characteristic of a discontinuous but flat sliding surface. The failure surfaces can be classified into the following three types based on their overall shape: concave, convex, and terraced. Field evidences illustrated that the vertical component of ground shaking had a significant effect on both building collapse and landslide generation. The ground motion records show that the vertical acceleration is greater than the horizontal, and the acceleration must be larger than 1.0 g in some parts along the main seismic fault. Two landslides are discussed as high speed and long runout cases. One is the Chengxi landslide in Beichuan County, and the other is the Donghekou landslide in Qingchuan County. In each case, the runout process and its impact on people and property were analyzed. The Chengxi landslide killed 1,600 people and destroyed numerous houses. The Donghekou landslide is a complex landslide-debris flow with a long runout. The debris flow scoured the bank of the Qingjiang River for a length of 2,400 m and subsequently formed a landslide dam. This landslide buried seven villages and killed more than 400 people. © 2009 Springer-Verlag.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Landslide; Landslide lake; Rapid and long runout; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Debris; Earthquake effects; Faulting; Lakes; Rock bursts; Topography; 2008 wenchuan earthquakes; Building collapse; High and steep slope; Long run outs; Longmenshan faults; Vertical accelerations; Vertical component; Wenchuan Earthquake; Landslides; debris flow; earthquake epicenter; fault; hazard assessment; landslide; Sichuan earthquake 2008; slope; Asia; China; Eurasia; Far East; Hubei; Qing River
REFERENCES: Collier, C. J., A procedure for combining vertical and horizontal seismic action effects, Journal of Earthquake Engineering, 5, 4, pp. 521-539, (2001); 
Lin, Ching-Wee Weei, Impact of Chi-Chi earthquake on the occurrence of landslides and debris flows: Example from the Chenyulan River watershed, Nantou, Taiwan, Engineering Geology, 71, 1-2, pp. 49-61, (2004); 
J Seismol Res, (1983); 
Wang, Zifa, A preliminary report on the Great Wenchuan Earthquake, Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, 7, 2, pp. 225-234, (2008)
PUBLISHER: Springer Verlag
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wu, Z., Zhang, Z.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wu, Zhenhan (8943866200); Zhang, Zuochen (56068610000)
8943866200; 56068610000
Types of seismic and geological hazards caused by the Ms 8. 0 Wenchuan earthquake
(2008) Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition), 82 (12), pp. 1747 - 1757, Cited 7 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-62749148267&partnerID=40&md5=989a9737480dd0334ae00ae446dcca0c

AFFILIATIONS: Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China; China Geological Survey, Beijing, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Dextral-slip thrusting of major active faults in Longmen Mts. caused the M<inf>s</inf> 8. 0 Wenchuan earthquake, which resulted in huge hazards to local people. Typical examples presented here are seismic hazards of the M<inf>s</inf> 8. 0 earthquake, geological hazards triggered by the earthquake and potential geological hazards induced by the earthquake in Longmen Mts. The heavy seismic disasters in Wenchuan includes building collaping, moving and tilting of houses, wall fracturing, and breaking or even collapse of bridges. Geological hazards triggered by the Wenchuan Earthquake include landslide, rockfalls, local debris flow and liquefaction. Potential geological hazards include latent landslides and debris flows, rockslides and rockfalls along unstable slopes. Distribution of seismic and geological hazards are closely related to active faults, with the worst hazards occurring along and near the Beichuan-Yingxiu fault in central Longmen Mts. , and along the minor seismic faults such as the Hanwang-Xuankou fault in eastern Longmen Mts. and the Maoxian-Wenchuan fault and the Qingchuan fault in western Longmen Mts. Seismic and geological hazards greatly decreased in the areas 3~5 km away from the seismic faults.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Geological hazards; Longmen Mts; Potential geological hazards; Seismic hazards
INDEX KEYWORDS: active fault; debris flow; earthquake damage; earthquake magnitude; landslide; liquefaction; seismic hazard; Sichuan earthquake 2008; thrust fault; Asia; China; Eurasia; Far East; Longmen Mountains
REFERENCES: undefined; 
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Densmore, Alexander Logan, Active tectonics of the Beichuan and Pengguan faults at the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, Tectonics, 26, 4, (2007); 
Burchfiel, B. Clark, Tectonics of the Longmen Shan and Adjacent Regions, Central China, International Geology Review, 37, 8, pp. 661-735, (1995); 
Burchfiel, B. Clark, A geological and geophysical context for the Wenchuan earthquake of 12 May 2008, Sichuan, People's Republic of China, GSA Today, 18, 7, pp. 4-11, (2008)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Fu, B., Shi, P., Zhang, Z.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Fu, Bihong (7103382662); Shi, Pilong (26421447200); Zhang, Zhiwu (57196189100)
7103382662; 26421447200; 57196189100
Spatial characteristics of the surface rupture produced by the M s8. 0 wenchuan earthquake using high-resolution remote sensing imagery
(2008) Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition), 82 (12), pp. 1679 - 1687, Cited 61 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-62749144493&partnerID=40&md5=bd388d630969a6a1a45c7ee266eeb35c

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: The M<inf>s</inf>8. 0 Wenchuan earthquake of 12 May 2008 occurred along the Longmenshan fault zone in the western Sichuan Basin, resulting in inestimable casualties and property losses as well as continuous surface ruptures (seismic fault). Based on the detailed interpretation of co-seismic surface ruptures using the post-earthquake high-resolution remote sensing images, which were acquired by the remote sensing airplanes of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Taiwan FORMOSAT-2 spaceborne sensors, combined with the post-earthquake field investigations, this study ascertains the spatial distribution of the surface ruptures produced by the M<inf>s</inf>8. 0 Wenchuan earthquake. The results indicate that the great M<inf>s</inf>8. 0 Wenchan earthquake produced a nearly 300 km-long surface rupture zone with a complicated geometry, and distributes discontinuously along the pre-existing NE-trending active faults. The deformation is characterized mainly by thrust compressing and dextral strike-slip component. The surface ruptures can be divided into 2 zones according to the location of active faults : one is the central surface rupture zone with a length of about 230 km, which distributes along the Yingxiu-Beichuan fault, stretching from southwest of Yingxiu Town of Wenchuan County to northeast of Shikan Town of Pingwu County, with a maximum vertical displacement up to about 6. 0 m and the right-lateral horizontal offset up to 5. 8 m; the other is the piedmont surface rupture zone with a length of about 70 km, which distributes along the Guanxian-Anxian fault, beginning from the Xiange town of Dujiangyan City, and terminating around the Suishui Town of Anxian County. The deformation is characterized by the thrust faulting with a maximum vertical displacement of 2. 5 m. In addition, the analysis of remote sensing image shows that most of the geological disasters such as landslide and collapse distribute along the hanging wall of above-mentioned earthquake fault zones. Therefore, special research should be given to geological hazard effect related to thrust-faulting.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Aerial remote sensing; Disaster effect; Earthquake fault; Ms 8. 0 Wenchuan earthquake; Thrust fault
INDEX KEYWORDS: active fault; aerial photography; earthquake damage; earthquake magnitude; earthquake rupture; fault displacement; fault zone; remote sensing; seismic hazard; Sichuan earthquake 2008; strike-slip fault; thrust fault; Asia; China; Eurasia; Far East; Longmenshan Fault Zone; Sichuan
REFERENCES: undefined; 
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DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Gong, J., Sui, H., Sun, K., Ma, G., Liu, J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Gong, Jianya (23008015000); Sui, Haigang (8591370500); Sun, Kaiming Min (8518459900); Ma, Guorui (7202152188); Liu, Junyi (37076025500)
23008015000; 8591370500; 8518459900; 7202152188; 37076025500
Object-level change detection based on full-scale image segmentation and its application to Wenchuan Earthquake
(2008) Science in China, Series E: Technological Sciences, 51 (SUPPL. 2), pp. 110 - 122, Cited 26 times.
DOI: 10.1007/s11431-008-6017-y
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-62549153582&doi=10.1007%2Fs11431-008-6017-y&partnerID=40&md5=38986b85a741ba0f65dd6c6f2d5f7e54

AFFILIATIONS: Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
ABSTRACT: Aiming at object fragmentation and poor detection results caused by discontinuous segmentation scale in object-level change detection, a new object-level change detection method based on the full-scale object tree is presented in this paper. The core idea of this new algorithm is to establish the full-scale object tree based on convexity model theory and integrate full-scale image segmentation techniques and change detection into the whole process. Some Wenchuan Earthquake images are taken as an example to discuss the new method for earthquake damage detection and evaluation in urban area, landslide detection, and extraction of barrier lake boundary. The application shows that the new method is robust and it provides an advanced tool for the quantitative detection and evaluation of earthquake damage. © 2008 Science in China Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Change detection; Convexity model; Full-scale object tree; Image segmentation; Wenchuan Earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: Damage detection; Digital image storage; Earthquakes; Image segmentation; Signal detection; Trees (mathematics); Change detection; Convexity model; Earthquake damage detections; Earthquake damages; Full-scale object tree; Landslide detections; Level changes; Model theories; Quantitative detections; Segmentation techniques; Tree-based; Urban areas; Wenchuan Earthquake; Whole process; Object recognition
REFERENCES: Pilon, Paul G., An enhanced classification approach to change detection in semi-arid environments, Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, 54, 12, pp. 1709-1716, (1988); 
Vogelmann, James E., Detection of forest change in the green mountains of Vermont using multispectral scanner data, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 9, 7, pp. 1187-1200, (1988); 
Roy, Partha Sarthi, Tropical forest typo mapping and monitoring using remote sensing, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 12, 11, pp. 2205-2225, (1991); 
Sader, Steven A., Migratory bird habitat monitoring through remote sensing, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 12, 3, pp. 363-372, (1991); 
Alwashe, Mohammed A., Monitoring vegetation changes in Al Madinah, Saudi Arabia, using Thematic Mapper data, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 14, 2, pp. 191-197, (1993); 
Coppin, Pol R., Processing of Multitemporal Landsat TM Imagery to Optimize Extraction of Forest Cover Change Features, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 32, 4, pp. 918-927, (1994); 
Muchoney, Douglas M., Change detection for monitoring forest defoliation, Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, 60, 10, pp. 1243-1251, (1994); 
Ridd, Merrill K., A comparison of four algorithms for change detection in an urban environment, Remote Sensing of Environment, 63, 2, pp. 95-100, (1998); 
Foody, Giles M., Detection of partial land cover change associated with the migration of inter-class transitional zones, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 20, 14, pp. 2723-2740, (1999); 
Liu, Huiping, Developing urban growth predictions from spatial indicators based on multi-temporal images, Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 29, 5 SPEC. ISS., pp. 580-594, (2005)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Deng, Q.-D.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Deng, Qidong (7103387760)
7103387760
Some thoughts on the Ms 8.0 Wenchuan, Sichuan earthquake
(2008) Dizhen Dizhi, 30 (4), pp. 811 - 827, Cited 26 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-60649102712&partnerID=40&md5=99333364bb8af14d4781fea55ec5b690

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: The M<inf>s</inf> 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake caused tremendous disaster to the country and people, and meanwhile it also gives us many lessons worth thinking about. The severe earthquake disaster tells us the necessity of evaluating and surveying the seismic and geological environment in urban and township construction so as to avoid the unfavorable terrain conditions and keep away from the instable sites prone to landslide, soil liquefaction and mud-rock flow and etc, complying stringently the standards for disaster fortification regulated by the state and the relevant technical code for seismic design of buildings, including the houses in rural area, and intensifying the study on active tectonics to avoid the active faults and possible seismogenic tectonics. Since the historical earthquake record is too short and the recurrence interval of earthquakes is long within the continent, we should be cautious when using the principle of recurrence of historical earthquake in seismic hazard assessment, but promote the study on paleoearthquakes on active tectonics, so as to fully understand the history of earthquake recurrence. Big earthquake may also occur on low-slip-rate active fault, but with longer recurrence interval. So special attention he paid to the elapsed time of the latest event on it. The source rupture of the M<inf>s</inf> 8. 0 Wenchuan earthquake is characterized by a multi-point rupturing process, resulting from the expansion of deep fault from the detachment zone to the front-end ramp, and shown as double-ramp faulting on the surface. In the source rupture propagating process, the nature of the rupture changed. The southwest section is characterized with thrust faulting, and the northeast section turns to be dominated by strike-slipping. The initial thrust-type rupture occurring in the middle of the Longmenshan tectonic belt ran through its northeast section and became a new fault. The 1997 Mani, the 2001 west pass of Kunlun Mountains and the 2008 Wenchuan earthquakes with M<inf>s</inf>7-8 are all the products of the movement of the Bayahar block. After the Wenchuan earthquake, a series of earthquakes with magnitude around 6 occurred in the Qinghai-Tibetan Fault block region, which characterizes the new episode of seismic activity of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau block region.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Earthquake disaster reduction; Longmenshan tectonic belt; Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake; Seismotectonics
INDEX KEYWORDS: disaster management; earthquake magnitude; earthquake recurrence; earthquake rupture; liquefaction; recurrence interval; seismic design; seismic hazard; strike-slip fault; thrust fault; Asia; China; Eurasia; Far East; Kunlun Mountains; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Chen, Guoguang, Primary research of activity segmentation of Longmenshan fault zone since late-quaternary, Dizhen Dizhi, 29, 3, pp. 657-673, (2007); 
Chen, Guihua, Quantitative analysis of the co-seismic surface rupture of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China along the Beichuan-Yingxiu fault, Dizhen Dizhi, 30, 3, pp. 723-738, (2008); 
Chen, Lichun, Investigation of late Quaternary activity along the northern range-front fault, Longmenshan, Dizhen Dizhi, 30, 3, pp. 710-722, (2008); 
Seismology and Geology, (1994); 
undefined, (2009); 
Map of Active Tectonics in China, (2007); 
Seismology and Geology, (1994); 
Deng, Qidong, Basic characteristics of active tectonics of China, Science in China, Series D: Earth Sciences, 46, 4, pp. 356-372, (2003); 
Seismology and Geology, (2008); 
Li, Chuanyou, Late quaternary activity and age constraint of the northern Longmenshan fault zone, Dizhen Dizhi, 26, 2, pp. 248-258, (2004)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Li, X., Guan, Z., Shen, T.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Li, Xi (55718109900); Guan, Zequn (55577070300); Shen, Tiyan (18233785000)
55718109900; 55577070300; 18233785000
Discovering the driving factors of landslides of the Wenchuan earthquake using remote sensing and GIS
(2008) Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, 7285, art. no. 728546, Cited 0 times.
DOI: 10.1117/12.815600
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-60649087016&doi=10.1117%2F12.815600&partnerID=40&md5=de6bf99155421176a415198b1b711e5e

AFFILIATIONS: School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; School of Government, Peking University, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: On May 12 in 2008, a Magnitude 8.0 earthquake hit Wenchuan in China, and the casualty shocked the whole world. The landslide was a frequent secondary disaster in this earthquake, so to analyze the mechanism of landslides in the disaster area is very important for post-earthquake reconstruction. The study area is located in PingWu County, which was also hit by the earthquake severely. And the data sources are ETM+ image, DEM and interpreted ALOS image. This paper considered four potential driving factors for landslides, and they are land cover, lineament, slope and drainage. The land cover was classified based on the density of vegetation, and sub-pixel analysis was employed; Density of lineament was calculated by Sobel operator and image segmentation; Slope was classified by using a threshold; Drainage was considered without numerical analysis, because it is significant and simple in study area. To find out how they influenced the landslides, conditional probability was utilized as a measurement. The result shows that areas in sparse vegetation, dense lineament and steep topography were easy to meet landslides, while drainages also induced landslides. © 2008 SPIE.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Earthquake; Endmember; Landslide; Lineament; Remote sensing; Slope; Sub-pixel analysis; Wenchuan
INDEX KEYWORDS: Accidents; Earthquakes; Image coding; Landforms; Landslides; Observatories; Pixels; Remote sensing; Vegetation; Endmember; Lineament; Slope; Sub-pixel analysis; Wenchuan; Data processing
REFERENCES: Chandler, Adrian M., Review of modern concepts in the engineering interpretation of earthquakes response spectra, Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers: Structures and Buildings, 146, 1, pp. 75-84, (2001); 
Choudhury, Swapnamita, Remote sensing observations of pre-earthquake thermal anomalies in Iran, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 27, 20, pp. 4381-4396, (2006); 
Hoechner, Andreas, Enhanced GPS inversion technique applied to the 2004 Sumatra earthquake and tsunami, Geophysical Research Letters, 35, 8, (2008); 
Rathje, Ellen M., The role of remote sensing in earthquake science and engineering: Opportunities and challenges, Earthquake Spectra, 24, 2, pp. 471-492, (2008); 
Zhang, Lei, Determining fault slip distribution of the Chi-Chi Taiwan earthquake with GPS and InSAR data using triangular dislocation elements, Journal of Geodynamics, 45, 4-5, pp. 163-168, (2008); 
Zhao, Dapeng, New advances of seismic tomography and its applications to subduction zones and earthquake fault zones: A review, Island Arc, 10, 1, pp. 68-84, (2001); 
Geller, Robert J., Special section - Assessment of schemes for earthquake prediction Earthquake prediction: A critical review, Geophysical Journal International, 131, 3, pp. 425-450, (1997); 
Monecke, Katrin, Earthquake-induced deformation structures in lake deposits: A Late Pleistocene to Holocene paleoseismic record for Central Switzerland, Ecologae Geologicae Helvetiae, 99, 3, pp. 343-362, (2006); 
Lee, Chyityi Tyi, Statistical approach to earthquake-induced landslide susceptibility, Engineering Geology, 100, 1-2, pp. 43-58, (2008); 
Park, No-wook, Quantitative assessment of landslide susceptibility using high-resolution remote sensing data and a generalized additive model, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 29, 1, pp. 247-264, (2008)
CONFERENCE NAME: International Conference on Earth Observation Data Processing and Analysis, ICEODPA
CONFERENCE DATE: 2008-12-28 through 2008-12-30
DOCUMENT TYPE: Conference paper
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Huang, R., Li, W.L.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Huang, Runqiu (55835407700); Li, Weile (25936551300)
55835407700; 25936551300
Research on development and distribution rules of geohazards induced by Wenchuan earthquake on 12th May, 2008
(2008) Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 27 (12), pp. 2585 - 2592, Cited 319 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-58149232844&partnerID=40&md5=d077a1b21d292ce01353769dcc668847

AFFILIATIONS: State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
ABSTRACT: As Wenchuan earthquake was of high magnitude and shallow seismic focus, it caused considerable damage and thousands of geohazards. After a field investigation and the interpretation of remote-sensing images and aerial photographs taken after the earthquake, 11308 earthquake-induced geohazards have been obtained; and the general distribution situation of the geohazards has been learnt. Then, the distribution of these geohazards was investigated statistically using GIS techniques to determine how the occurrence of geohazards correlates with distance from the coseismic fault, slope steepness, elevation and rock type. The main results of this research can be summarized as follows. (1) The geohazards triggered by earthquake show the feature of zonal distribution along the coseismic fault and linear distribution along the rivers. (2) The distribution of earthquake-induced geohazards has marked hangingwall effect, for the geohazard concentration in the hangingwall of coseismic fault is obviously higher than that in the footwall and the width of strong development zone in the hangingwall is about 10 km. (3) The slope steepness is a main factor which controls the development of earthquake-induced geohazards and a vast majority of geohazards are distributed within the range of 20° to 50°. (4) The earthquake-induced geohazards have corresponding relationship with the elevation and micro-landform; for most hazards occur in river valley and canyon section below the elevation of 1500 to 2000 m, particularly in the upper segment of canyon section (namely, the turning point from the dale to the canyon). Thin ridge, isolated or full-face space mountains are most sensitive to the seismic wave, and have striking amplification effect. In these areas, collapses and landslides are most likely to occur. (5) The research also shows that different limologies have no marked corresponding relationship with the development of geohazards, but it determines the types of geohazards. Usually, landslides occur in soft rocks, while collapses occur in hard rocks.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Distribution rule; Earthquake-induced geohazards; Engineering geology; GIS analysis; Hangingwall effect; Wenchuan earthquake on 12th May, 2008
INDEX KEYWORDS: Amplification; Earthquakes; Engineering geology; Geographic information systems; Geology; Landforms; Landslides; Photography; Remote sensing; Seismic waves; Seismology; Aerial photographs; Amplification effects; Coseismic faults; Distribution rule; Face spaces; Field investigations; GIS analysis; Hangingwall effect; Hard rocks; Linear distributions; Main factors; River valleys; Rock types; Shallow seismic; Soft rocks; Turning points; Wenchuan earthquake on 12th May, 2008; Zonal distributions; Hazards
REFERENCES: Chinese Geological Education, (2008); 
Seismology and Geology, (2008); 
Parsons, Tom, Stress changes from the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and increased hazard in the Sichuan basin, Nature, 454, 7203, pp. 509-510, (2008); 
Catastrophic Landslides in China, (2008); 
Journal of Catastrophology, (2003); 
Landslide Dynamics, (1995); 
Journal of Xi an Engineering University, (1998); 
Bao, Yejing, Probabilistic analysis of earthquake-induced landslides, Yanshilixue Yu Gongcheng Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 24, 1, pp. 66-70, (2005); 
Keefer, David K., Statiscal analysis of an earthquake-induced landslide distribution - The 1989 Loma Prieta, California event, Engineering Geology, 58, 3-4, pp. 231-249, (2000); 
Jibson, Randall W., A method for producing digital probabilistic seismic landslide hazard maps, Engineering Geology, 58, 3-4, pp. 271-289, (2000)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Shi, J.S., Shi, L., Wu, S.R.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Shi, Jusong (7404495701); Shi, Ling (36985808900); Wu, Shuren (15744734100)
7404495701; 36985808900; 15744734100
Techniques and procedures of applications of the GIS technique in landslide map making
(2008) Geological Bulletin of China, 27 (11), pp. 1810 - 1821, Cited 4 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84877067844&partnerID=40&md5=ef17c84e3e2234b3e22b6805f36a8cb3

AFFILIATIONS: Key Laboratory of Neotectonic Movement and Geohazard, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: In order to popularize the application of the GIS technique in the present geohazard investigation and assessments, the ArcGIS is used to achieve rapid, urgent map making in the subject "Technical Research in Geohazard Risk Assessments" of the Science and Technology Support Plan of the eleventh Five-Year Plan and the assessments of the bearing capacity of resource and environment for post-hazard reconstruction program in worst-hit areas of the Wenchuan earthquake. The basic types of landslide risk maps include the landslide documentation map, landslide vulnerability zoning map, landslide danger zoning map and landslide risk zoning map. Based on a description of these map types, the focus is put on the method of modeling by using the ArcGIS software and its space data in order to achieve basic information acquisition and processing in the landslide risk map making and use the spatial data modeling tool to carry out rapid landslide map making.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: GIS; Landslide mapping; Spatial data modeling (SDM)
REFERENCES: Chacón, José, Engineering geology maps: Landslides and geographical information systems, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 65, 4, pp. 341-411, (2006); 
Van Westen, Cees J., Digital geomorphological landslide hazard mapping of the Alpago area, Italy, International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 2000, 1, pp. 51-60, (2000); 
Bull Eng Geol Env, (2005); 
Landslide Risk Management, (2005); 
Landslide Risk Management, (2005); 
Mansourian, Ali, Using SDI and web-based system to facilitate disaster management, Computers and Geosciences, 32, 3, pp. 303-315, (2006); 
Metternicht, Graciela I., Remote sensing of landslides: An analysis of the potential contribution to geo-spatial systems for hazard assessment in mountainous environments, Remote Sensing of Environment, 98, 2-3, pp. 284-303, (2005); 
Arcsdm3 1 Arcmap Extension for Spatial Data Modeling Using Weights of Evidence Logistic Regression Fuzzy Logic and Neural Network Analysis, (2004); 
Proceedings of the International Conference on Landslide Risk Management, (2005); 
Dai, Fuchu, Landslide characteristics and slope instability modeling using GIS, Lantau Island, Hong Kong, Geomorphology, 42, 3-4, pp. 213-228, (2002)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wang, T., Ma, Y.-S., Long, C.-X., Tan, C.-X., Wu, S.R.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wang, Tao (56454532900); Ma, Yingsheng (8668413900); Long, Changxiang Xing (7402480188); Tan, Chengxuan (7402817920); Wu, Shuren (15744734100)
56454532900; 8668413900; 7402480188; 7402817920; 15744734100
Fault activity of the Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan, China and seismic secondary geohazards
(2008) Geological Bulletin of China, 27 (11), pp. 1913 - 1922, Cited 16 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-72449147360&partnerID=40&md5=3b3501d842e800f0cb8429644198606b

AFFILIATIONS: Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China; Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Quick investigation and analysis were carried out in worst-hit areas of the Wenchuan earthquake to reveal the relation between the Wenchuan earthquake fault activity and secondary geohazards. The authors analyzed the relations between fault activities and ground rupture of the Longmenshan fait zone and the characteristics of development of secondary geohazards such as rock falls, landslides and debris flows in main earthquake affected areas. According to the observation, the surface deformation and destruction (including roads, farmland, buildings and slopes along the fault zone) of three fault zones of the Longmen Mountains have distinct differences and segmentation. The activity of Yingxiu-Beichuan fault is most intense, the activities of the Nanba-Guanzhuang fault, Guanxian-Anxian fault and Pingwu-Qingchuan fault come next, showing "longitudinal differences", and the activity of the Longmenshan fault zone weakens from south to north, showing "latitudinal segmentation". It is evident that the difference and segmentation of earthquake fault activity controlled the development of seismic secondary geohazards such as avalanches, landslides and debris flows, i.e. the scale, distribution density and harm of secondary geohazards along the Yingxiu-Beichuan fault all exceed corresponding features of the counterparts along other faults.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Longmenshan fault zone; Seismic secondary geohazard; Wenchuan earthquake
REFERENCES: undefined, (2005); 
undefined, (1989); 
undefined, (1994); 
undefined, (1999); 
undefined, (2000); 
Dai, Fuchu, Landslide risk assessment and management: An overview, Engineering Geology, 64, 1, pp. 65-87, (2002); 
undefined, (2004)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Chen, G.-H., Xiwei, X., Zheng, R.-Z., Yu, G.-H., Li, F., Li, C.-X., Wen, X.-Z., He, Y.-L., Ye, Y.-Q., Chen, X.-C., Wang, Z.-C.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Chen, Guihua (55733464100); Xiwei, Xu (8246843900); Zheng, Rongzheng (59802726300); Yu, Guihua (7403528699); Li, Feng (36120512500); Li, Chenxia (7501680472); Wen, Xuezez Ze (7201738066); He, Yulin (55498877400); Ye, Youqing (26031142500); Chen, Xiancheng (55739047400); Wang, Zhicai (55719848600)
55733464100; 8246843900; 59802726300; 7403528699; 36120512500; 7501680472; 7201738066; 55498877400; 26031142500; 55739047400; 55719848600
Quantitative analysis of the co-seismic surface rupture of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China along the Beichuan-Yingxiu fault
(2008) Dizhen Dizhi, 30 (3), pp. 723 - 738, Cited 44 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-60649122021&partnerID=40&md5=5890579b9fbbf878729eba92b80aa97b

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China; China Earthquake Disaster Prevention Center, Beijing, China; Earthquake Administration of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Seismological Bureau of Shandong Province, Jinan, Shandong, China
ABSTRACT: A 240 km-long co-seismic surface rupture was produced along the Beichuan-Yingxiu Fault during the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. We made a detailed survey at representative sites along the surface rupture and analyzed the data based on the geometry between the benchmark and deformation. The co-seismic vertical slip, horizontal dip-slip shortening, strike slip and moving direction of the hanging-wall were calculated based on the survey data of these sites. Results show that the spatial distribution of the co-seismic deformation of the fault varies a lot along the fault. The maximal horizontal slip, as we got till now, is located in the Shenxigou site of Hongkou with a value of 4. 98m, and the maximal strike slip is also located in the same site with a value of 4. 5m. The maximal vertical displacement is located to the northeast of Shenxigou with a value of 5. 7-6. 7m. The average horizontal slip for the NE trending fault is 1-2m, and the average vertical slip is 3 m. But horizontal and vertical slip for the NW-trending branch from Xiaoyudong to Caoba is only 0. 5-1. 5m. The data from Leigu town show that the gravity deformation resulting from the fault-related landslide was perhaps superimposed on the tectonic one. The dip angles of the fault at the surveyed sites calculated from the horizontal shortening and vertical displacement indicate that the Beichuan-Yingxiu Fault is a steep dipping reverse fault with some strike-slip. From the comparison between field results and geophysical inversion, we believe that the spatial distribution of co-seismic fault-slip is related to the barriers and rupture process along the fault plane.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Co-seismic surface rupture; Deformation survey; MS8.0 Wenchuan earthquake; The Beichuan-Yingxiu Fault
INDEX KEYWORDS: coseismic process; deformation; dip-slip fault; earthquake event; earthquake magnitude; earthquake rupture; fault plane; fault slip; quantitative analysis; reverse fault; spatial distribution; strike-slip fault; Asia; China; Eurasia; Far East; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Chen, Guihua, Several issues in the quantitative analysis of co-seismic surface rupture produced by reverse faults: A case study from the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Dizhen Dizhi, 30, 3, pp. 674-682, (2008); 
undefined, (2009); 
undefined; 
Seismology and Geology, (2002); 
Xiwei, Xu, The MS8.0 Wenchuan earthquake surface ruptures and its seismogenic structure, Dizhen Dizhi, 30, 3, pp. 597-629, (2008); 
undefined; 
Zhu, Ailan, Relocation of the MS8.0 Wenchuan earthquake sequence in part: Preliminary seismotectonic analysis, Dizhen Dizhi, 30, 3, pp. 759-767, (2008); 
undefined; 
undefined; 
undefined, (2009)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Stone, R.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Stone, Richard (57220774508)
57220774508
Wenchuan earthquake: Scientists race against the clock to gauge landslide risk
(2008) Science, 320 (5882), pp. 1408, Cited 13 times.
DOI: 10.1126/science.320.5882.1408
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-46449106891&doi=10.1126%2Fscience.320.5882.1408&partnerID=40&md5=d5111e19b766d9e9f332572294a7601a

INDEX KEYWORDS: limestone; China; disaster; earthquake; flow rate; geology; government; note; priority journal; risk assessment; river; science; worker
CHEMICALS/CAS: limestone, 1317-65-3
DOCUMENT TYPE: Note
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Chen, Y., Li, L., Li, J., Li, G.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Chen, Yong (37076726400); Li, Li (57213398405); Li, Juan (26643593400); Li, Gang (59558162500)
37076726400; 57213398405; 26643593400; 59558162500
Wenchuan earthquake: Way of thinking is changed
(2008) Episodes, 31 (4), pp. 374 - 377, Cited 27 times.
DOI: 10.18814/epiiugs/2008/v31i4/001
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-59549100554&doi=10.18814%2Fepiiugs%2F2008%2Fv31i4%2F001&partnerID=40&md5=631cb5f3f8f2b7b44c7040a81d48e667

AFFILIATIONS: China Earthquake Administration, Beijing, China; National Earthquake Infrastructure Service, Beijing, China; Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; China Earthquake Networks Center, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: On 12 May, 2008, at 14:28:04 local time, an M<inf>s</inf> 8.0 earthquake struck the Wenchuan County, Sichuan Province, in southwest China (Figure 1). This quake left about 70,000 people dead, 18,000 missing and over 370,000 injured. In the 75 days after the main shock, 20,000 aftershocks were recorded, which included 241 with M<inf>s</inf>≥4.0, 205 with 4.0≤M<inf>s</inf>≤4.9, 30 with 5.0≤M<inf>s</inf>≤5.9, and 6 with M<inf>s</inf>≥6.0. The largest aftershock took place 13 days after the main shock, in Qingchuan County, 110 km northeast of the epicenter of the quake (Chen, 2008). The losses from the quake-triggered geological disasters accounted for over a third of the total quake losses, which is extremely rare in the history of earthquake disasters. Secondary disasters, such as landslides, rockslides, landfalls, debris flows, etc., were widely distributed. Large numbers of buildings collapsed, including ones with steel reinforcing in the area of the epicenter. Infrastructure was badly damaged. In many areas, communications, and power and water supplies were cut off. The earthquake left over 35 large quake-dammed lakes, which threatened further disasters in the catchment areas. The 5.12 quake broke several records in the history of modern China. It was the most devastating quake and had the widest range of destruction. In addition, it involved the greatest rescue efforts. It affected the lives of about 28 million people in an area of over 130,000 km2, caused severe damage to about a million urban and four million rural buildings, and left some 10 million people homeless. Preliminary estimates show that the total economic losses topped 10 trillion RMB, which is equivalent to the 2007 GDP of Sichuan Province and 1.6 times higher than that caused by the Hanshin Earthquake in Japan in 1995. The 5.12 quake reminded scientists of the urgency of continuous research to improve earthquake prediction and damage prevention. This article provides geological and geophysical information intended to help scientists to better understand the impacts of this quake and to predict such events in the future.
INDEX KEYWORDS: aftershock; earthquake damage; earthquake epicenter; earthquake event; earthquake magnitude; earthquake prediction; Asia; China; Eurasia; Far East; Sichuan; Wenchuan
REFERENCES: Sci Technol Rev, (2008); 
Burchfiel, B. Clark, A geological and geophysical context for the Wenchuan earthquake of 12 May 2008, Sichuan, People's Republic of China, GSA Today, 18, 7, pp. 4-11, (2008); 
Stone, Richard, An unpredictably violent fault, Science, 320, 5883, pp. 1578-1580, (2008); 
Seismological and Geomagnetic Observation and Research, (2007); 
Evaluation of Proposed Earthquake Precursors, (1991); 
Wyss, Max, Second round of evaluations of proposed earthquake precursors, Pure and Applied Geophysics, 149, 1, pp. 3-16, (1997); 
Recent Developments in World Seismology, (2008)
PUBLISHER: International Union of Geological Sciences episodes.j.me@gmail.com
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final
OPEN ACCESS: ALL OPEN ACCESS; HYBRID GOLD OPEN ACCESS

Wang, W.-M., Zhao, L.-F., Li, J., Yao, Z.-X.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wang, Weimin (56165959700); Zhao, Lianfeng (19639447500); Li, Juan (26643593400); Yao, Zhenxing (7401467873)
56165959700; 19639447500; 26643593400; 7401467873
Rupture process of the MS 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake of Sichuan, China
(2008) Acta Geophysica Sinica, 51 (5), pp. 1403 - 1410, Cited 382 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-58149400777&partnerID=40&md5=f55064c9a78f8f9e07834ac1032a0739

AFFILIATIONS: Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: On 12 May, 2008 the great Wenchuan earthquake with magnitude M<inf>s</inf>8.0 occurs on the Longmen Shan belt, which is located at the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau and northwestern Sichuan region of China. The strong shaking of the Wenchuan earthquake causes great disasters to life and property, and severe geologic damages, e. g. landslides and cracks to dams are inflicted. Based on the geologic studies and the surface rupture investigation, we constructed a more realistic double-listric finite-fault model, and reconstructed the source rupture process by combined inverting the teleseismic waveforms and local coseismic displacement. Results show that the Wenchuan earthquake is characterized mainly by thrust motion with right-lateral strike slip also, and two faults-Yingxiu-Beichuan fault and Guanxian-Jiangyou fault participated simultaneously during the rupture process. The estimated maximum slip on the fault can reach up to 12-12.5 m, and the distribution of slip on the faults with high magnitude can be projected to Yingxiu and Beichuan county which are severely damaged. The average strike-slip motion is a little larger than the slip motion, which is coincident with the deformation observation along the Longmen Shan tectonic region. The long-time regional stress accumulation, the composition of this region and special tectonic structure might be the reason for this great Wenchuan earthquake with recurrence interval of thousand years.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Coseismic displacement; Finite-fault model; Source process; Waveform inversion; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: continental margin; coseismic process; displacement; earthquake damage; earthquake event; earthquake magnitude; earthquake rupture; estimation method; finite element method; numerical model; seismic source; strike-slip fault; strong motion; tectonic structure; teleseismic wave; waveform analysis; Asia; China; Eurasia; Far East; Qinghai-Xizang Plateau; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Zhu, Jieshou, The Wenchuan earthquake occurrence background in deep structure and dynamics of lithosphere, Journal of Chengdu University of Technology (Science and Technology Edition), 35, 4, pp. 348-356, (2008); 
Zhou, Rongjun, Active tectonics of the eastern margin of the Tibet Plateau, Kuangwu Yanshi, 26, 2, pp. 40-51, (2006); 
Geodynamic Processes of Eastern Margin of the Tibetan Plateau and Its Geological Responses, (2006); 
Zhang, Peizlien Zhen, Slip rates and recurrence intervals of the Longmen Shan active fault zone, and tectonic implications for the mechanism of the May 12 Wenchuan earthquake, 2008, Sichuan, China, Acta Geophysica Sinica, 51, 4, pp. 1066-1073, (2008); 
Bull Seismol Soc Am, (1983); 
Yao, Zhenxing, The inverse problem of finite fault study in time domain, Acta Geophysica Sinica, 40, 5, pp. X10-701, (1997); 
Ji, Chen, Source description of the 1999 Hector Mine, California, earthquake, part I: Wavelet domain inversion theory and resolution analysis, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 92, 4, pp. 1192-1207, (2002); 
Wang, Weimin, Complexity of the coseismic rupture for 1999 Chi-Chi Earthquake (Taiwan) from inversion of GPS observations, Tectonophysics, 382, 3-4, pp. 151-172, (2004); 
Wang, Weimin, Rupture process of the Chi-Chi (Taiwan) earthquake in 1999, Acta Geophysica Sinica, 48, 1, pp. 132-147, (2005); 
Yong, Li, Surface rupture, thrusting and strike-slipping in the Wenchuan earthquake of Sichuan, China, Journal of Chengdu University of Technology (Science and Technology Edition), 35, 4, pp. 404-413, (2008)
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Yao, W.-B., Liu, W.-Z., Hou, Y.-J.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Yao, Wenbo (36940615200); Liu, Wenzhao (34872901500); Hou, Yongjian (16028250600)
36940615200; 34872901500; 16028250600
Investigation and analysis of collapses and landslides on the Loess Plateau of East Gansu Province after the 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake
(2008) Shengtai Xuebao, 28 (12), pp. 5917 - 5926, Cited 7 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-58149299805&partnerID=40&md5=742727e33f79bf12d7edc5dfb3216a74

AFFILIATIONS: Center for Historical Environment and Socio-Economic Development in Northwest China, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
ABSTRACT: This paper is based on the field investigation of the geological disaster that caused by the 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake in Qingyang City and Pingliang City, Gansu Province. It is found that the earthquake-induced collapses and landslides are charcterized by small type and large number and are mainly distributed at the of the edges of modern erosion ditch; The earthquake-induced landslides distributed in the tableland surface, gentle slope hills and tableland of the valley, is consistent with the cave dwelling and the engineering construction. Although this earthquake has not caused large or medium-sized landslip, we cnnont neglect the influence of its natural environment, which may change the micro physiognomy and increase the soil erosion etc. in the next few years. It indicates that it will cause more serious gravity erosion once the earthquake intensity over degree IV in the Loess Plateau area, which slightly has the difference from the former general recognition. For the Loess Plateau that is one of the frequent earthquake areas in China, effects of the earthquakes need to be considered when the genesis of soil erosion discussed.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake; Environmental effect; Soil erosion; The Loess Plateau of East Gansu Province
INDEX KEYWORDS: disaster; environmental effect; field method; landslide; Sichuan earthquake 2008; soil erosion; Asia; China; Eurasia; Far East; Gansu; Loess Plateau; Pingliang; Qingyang
REFERENCES: Loess and the Environment, (1985); 
undefined, (2009); 
undefined, (2009); 
Earthquake Research in China, (2005); 
Meteorology and Disaster Reduction Research, (2007); 
Modern Erosion and Management in Loess Plateau, (1988); 
Seismic Loessal Disaster Prediction, (1999); 
Earthq Res China, (1994); 
Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, (1999)
PUBLISHER: Science Press
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zhang, C.-M., Wang, G.-X.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhang, Chunmin (55703873500); Wang, Genxu Xuan (35201884700)
55703873500; 35201884700
Evaluation on the impacts of the Wenchuan Earthquake on ecological spatial pattern in landscape scale
(2008) Shengtai Xuebao, 28 (12), pp. 5938 - 5947, Cited 5 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-58149293577&partnerID=40&md5=9db300aa294bd6d94f47b37f83f49b11

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: This paper is based on two periods of landscape type maps derived from remote sensed data and basic data, according to the present and characteristics of the landscape ecosystems in regions before and after the 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake. The paper analyzed the process of change in the landscape ecosystem and heterogeneity in landscape ecology with different earthquake intensity. In order to evaluate the extent of damaged landscape ecology, and by means of Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), a synthetically index system from two aspects of landscape-stability and heterogeneity was established. The main results are the following: (1) Large scale of woodland, farmland and grassland were damaged by the Wenchuan Earthquake; landslides and collapses took place, this caused a great number of bare land and bare rock that emerged after the disaster. The change area where earthquake of M ≥ 9 of woodland and farmland reduced by 458.48 km2 and 91.16 km2 respectively. The bare land area and bare rock region increased by 496.23 km2, and the range ability related to 947.51%. In the IX level region, relatively lighter influence acts on landscape change, and the variation ranges are all below 2%, the ecosystem is slightly damaged. On the contrary, in the tenth seismic intensity region, damages on the ecosystem are more obvious, and the bare land and bare rock in this region increased by 126.17km2, it is about 7 times contrast to previous status. However, in the eleventh seismic intensity region, where the centre of that hazard earthquake stay, it heavily damaged the ecosystem, and it manifested as obviously change of all vegetation types. The bare land area increased by 334.47km2, for instance, and that is 29.34 times to the earliest situation. All of woodland, grassland and farmland are likewise decreased by 308.04km2, 14.36km2. (2) On the analysis of landscape indexes which belong to beyond IX level region show that the ecosystem is originally fragile. The ecosystem's fragility is reflected by its diversity, homogeneity, fragmentation degree and dominance of local landscape ecosystem. But every target showed that the degeneration of environment and spatial heterogeneity, evidently, after quake. (3) Referring to Sturges' evaluation criterion, the landscape stability and the variability, integrated score of each landscape ecological damage region are 0.42, 0.66 and 0.80, separately; and the corresponding destruction can be defined as moderate damage, severe damage and awful damage. In another words, the integrated score of the eighth seismic intensity region should be below 0.4, and should belong to the slightly damaged level. Owning to the overall merit, after-disaster of the '5.12' Wenchuan Earthquake, reconstruction and reconstruction projects should focus mainly on the ninth and above seismic intensity regions.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Index system; Landscape ecology destroy; Landscape pattern; Wenchuan earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: earthquake damage; earthquake intensity; landscape change; landslide; remote sensing; Sichuan earthquake 2008
REFERENCES: Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, (1989); 
undefined, (2009); 
Recent Developments in World Seismology, (2007); 
Journal of Catastrophology, (1991); 
Journal of Cata Trophology, (2001); 
Cheng, Jack D., Hydrometeorological and landuse attributes of debris flows and debris floods during typhoon Toraji, July 29-30, 2001 in central Taiwan, Journal of Hydrology, 306, 1-4, pp. 161-173, (2005); 
Walsh, Stephen J., An overview of scale, pattern, process relationships in geomorphology: A remote sensing and GIS perspective, Geomorphology, 21, 3-4, pp. 183-205, (1998); 
Wang, Genxu Xuan, Several problems in ecological security assessment research, Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 14, 9, pp. 1551-1556, (2003); 
Resources Science, (2006); 
Chinese Journal of Eco Agriculture, (2006)
PUBLISHER: Science Press
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Xu, W., Ouyang, Z., Wang, X., Wang, W.-J., Dong, R.-C., Bai, Y.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Xu, Weihua (55487629900); Ouyang, Zhiyun (7006468812); Wang, Xuezhi (56512501900); Wang, Wenjie (56948645000); Dong, Rencai (11940427600); Bai, Yang (55461106100)
55487629900; 7006468812; 56512501900; 56948645000; 11940427600; 55461106100
Assessment of ecological protection importance for ecological conservation in Wenchuan Earthquake hard-hit disaster areas
(2008) Shengtai Xuebao, 28 (12), pp. 5820 - 5825, Cited 12 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-58149271050&partnerID=40&md5=63b4c8d030c41cbd17bae4478b998987

AFFILIATIONS: Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Beijing, China; Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: Assessment of ecological protection importance and identification of important area for ecological protection is the basis for restoration and construction in earthquake hard-hit area. In this study, ecological protection importance in 51 counties of hard-bit disaster area was assessed based on previous research and three indicators including soil erosion sensitivity, biodiversity conservation importance, and water conservation importance. Results showed that highly important areas for ecological protection made up 26.7% of the total area of this region, with the total area of 35 thousands of km 2. They were mainly distributed in Wenchuan and Siguanniang mountain in north Qionglai Mountains, and large area of Minshan Mountains. Important areas were mainly distributed in west and northeast of this region with the total area of 46 thousands of km2, accounting for 34.5% of the total area of the entire region. Measures including strict protection, ban of large scale of development and construction activities, and population control, should be taken in highly important areas. In important areas, development activities should be also restricted. These measures, together with ecological compensation and ongoing ecological engineering including Natural Forestry Conservation, Grain to Green, and Comprehensive Watershed Management, will facilitate the restoration of ecological services in this region.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Biodiversity conservation; Ecological restoration; Water conservation; Water erosion; Wenchuan Earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: biodiversity; conservation planning; earthquake damage; ecological engineering; ecological impact; ecosystem service; habitat restoration; population regulation; restoration ecology; Sichuan earthquake 2008; soil erosion; water erosion; water management; watershed; Asia; China; Eurasia; Far East; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Myers, Norman, Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities, Nature, 403, 6772, pp. 853-858, (2000); 
3rd National Survey Report on Giant Panda in China, (2006); 
undefined, (2009); 
Wolong Vegetation and Plant Resources, (1987); 
Acta Ecologica Sinica, (2001); 
Xu, Weihua, Designing a conservation plan for protecting the habitat for giant pandas in the Qionglai mountain range, China, Diversity and Distributions, 12, 5, pp. 610-619, (2006); 
Acta Ecologica Sinica, (2003)
PUBLISHER: Science Press
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Zhang, C.-M., Wang, G.-X.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Zhang, Chunmin (55703873500); Wang, Genxu Xuan (35201884700)
55703873500; 35201884700
Impacts of Wenchuan Earthquake disasters on ecosystem and its spatial pattern: Case study of Qingchuan, Pingwu and Maoxian counties
(2008) Shengtai Xuebao, 28 (12), pp. 5833 - 5841, Cited 9 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-58149236706&partnerID=40&md5=de2a163485b3995258d3c7621ca83b69

AFFILIATIONS: Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Based on two periods of land cover maps derived from remotely sensed date, Landsat TM, CBERS and digital elevation model (DEM) derived from 1:250 000 topographic maps. Studies on land use/land cover changes (LUCC) of Qingchuan county, Pingwu County and Maoxian county before and after Wenchuan Earthquake, and the influences of two importance cause of slope and aspect in ecosystem. The main results are as follow: after earthquake, the area of woodland, grassland and farmland decreased obviously by 92.09km2, 46.98 km2 and 30.81 km2 respectively, open forest land increased by 98.81 km2 for area. The open forest land area changes amplitude is most, the value is 6.20%. Results indicated the ecosystem is degenerating and in study regions after earthquake, especially Qingchuan county. Topographic conditions are of great importance to the distribution of land use/land cover and the process of land cover changes. Under different slopes, there are large area changes of LUCC great than 35° because of earthquake. The order are 0-8deg;, 15-25°, 8-15° and 25-35°. These changes have obviously relation with earthquake and the secondary mountain disasters such as rock fall, landside, and debris flow. Aspect has a large influence on the distribution of land cover types, especially in half-shady slope; the order is half-sunny slope, shady slope and sunny slope. The area changes amplitude of land cover types are obviously in different aspect.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Ecosystem; LUCC; Wenchuan Earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: debris flow; digital elevation model; earthquake damage; ecosystem approach; land cover; land use change; Landsat; landslide; remote sensing; satellite data; Sichuan earthquake 2008; spatial analysis; topographic mapping; Asia; China; Eurasia; Far East; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Progress in Geography, (2003); 
Li, Xiubin, A review of the international researches on land use/land cover change, Dili Xuebao/Acta Geographica Sinica, 51, 6, pp. X9-557, (1996); 
Zhang, Xiaoming, Response of land use/coverage change to hydrological dynamics at watershed scale in the Loess Plateau of China, Acta Ecologica Sinica, 27, 2, pp. 414-421, (2007); 
Scientia Geographica Sinica, (2003); 
Acta Geographica Sinica, (2006); 
Progress in Geography, (2001); 
Wang, Genxu Xuan, Land ecological changes and evolutional patterns in the source regions of the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers in recent 15 years, Dili Xuebao/Acta Geographica Sinica, 59, 2, pp. 163-173, (2004); 
Advances in Environmental Science, (1999); 
Acta Ecologica Sinica, (2000); 
Fu, Bojie, The effect of land use Chang on the regional environment in the Yangjuangou catchment in the Loess Pplateau of China, Dili Xuebao/Acta Geographica Sinica, 54, 3, pp. 241-246, (1999)
PUBLISHER: Science Press
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Wu, N., Lu, T., Luo, P., Zhu, D.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Wu, Ning (36956501500); Lu, Tao (56406648100); Luo, Peng (57917168300); Zhu, Dan (56535707200)
36956501500; 56406648100; 57917168300; 56535707200
A review of the impacts of earthquake on mountain ecosystems: Taking 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake as an example
(2008) Shengtai Xuebao, 28 (12), pp. 5810 - 5819, Cited 20 times.
https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-58149234850&partnerID=40&md5=fa1dbfac63b2f4e6e01218537260d2de

AFFILIATIONS: Chengdu Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: Earthquake is among major natural disasters faced by human being and may lead to extensive ecological degradation. Studying its impacts on natural ecosystems constitutes a significant challenge and published results on this respect are quite limited. By reviewing the literatures and using the 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake as an example, we attempt to analyze the main characteristic effects of the earthquake on mountain areas and review the impacts of earthquake on mountain ecosystems, biodiversity, landscape and ecological security. Earthquakes may directly destroy vegetation and wildlife habitats and alter functions and hydrological processes of ecological systems. On the other hand, earthquakes may also result in indirect impacts on environment, i. e., environmental pollution, behavioral and physiological changes of animals and changes in biogeochemistry cycle. Although damages caused by earthquakes vary among different ecosystems, earthquakes affect mountain ecosystems mainly by reshaping landforms and land physiognomy on which all life rely. The numerous secondary geo-hazards, such as rock avalanches, rock flows, landslides and debris flows, may lead to serious damage to and/or loss of vegetation. However, due to the lack of detailed researches, the changes in the functions and process of the ecosystems following earthquakes are still not clearly understood. Thus, it is necessary to collect the in-situ data, monitor the long-term environmental changes, and probe into theories and approaches about ecological restoration in quake-hit areas. Several potential fields for future researches about the ecological effects of 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake are suggested.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake; Biodiversity; Ecological impacts; Ecological security; Landscape; Mountain ecosystems
INDEX KEYWORDS: biodiversity; biogeochemical cycle; debris flow; earthquake damage; ecological impact; ecosystem approach; ecosystem function; environmental degradation; landscape ecology; literature review; mountain environment; restoration ecology; Sichuan earthquake 2008; Asia; China; Eurasia; Far East; Sichuan; Wenchuan; Animalia
REFERENCES: J Nat Disasters, (2001); 
Progress in Geography, (2008); 
undefined, (2009); 
Halvorson, Sarah Jean, Vulnerability and the erosion of seismic culture in mountainous Central Asia, Mountain Research and Development, 27, 4, pp. 322-330, (2007); 
Restoration and Reconstruction of Degraded Mountain Ecosystem on the Upper Minjiang River, (2021); 
undefined, (2009); 
Biodiversity Science, (2004); 
An Outline of China S Physical Geography, (1985); 
Physical Geography of China, (1985); 
Barazangi M, WORLD SEISMICITY MAPS COMPILED FROM ESSA, COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY, EPICENTER DATA, 1961-1967, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 59, 1, pp. 369-80 3 maps, (1969)
PUBLISHER: Science Press
DOCUMENT TYPE: Review
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Liu, B., Wu, F.-Z., Zhang, J., Yang, W.-Q.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Liu, Bin (57221213810); Wu, Fuzhong (55633535200); Zhang, Jian (36072521900); Yang, Wangqin (8857384900)
57221213810; 55633535200; 36072521900; 8857384900
Key issues in restoration on earthquake-damaged ecosystem at the ecotone between dry valley and montane forest of the Minjiang River
(2008) Shengtai Xuebao, 28 (12), pp. 5892 - 5898, Cited 8 times.
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AFFILIATIONS: College of Forestry and Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, China
ABSTRACT: As a typical ecological transition zone between dry valley and subalpine forest in the upper reaches of Minjiang River, the ecotone between Minjiang dry valley and montane forest (EDM) is an important residential area for Zang and Qiang minorities as well as plays an important role in inhibiting the dry valley expansion and in extending the ecological function of the subalpine forest. Nevertheless, the structure and function of the EDM ecosystem is greatly vulnerable to damage from human activity and natural disaster such as earthquake, landslide, collapse and long-term drought, despite of its important status in keeping regional stability and local resident development. Due to the inherent geologic instability and sensitivity as well as fragile property, the EDM was one of the most serious areas damaged by "5.12" Wenchuan Earthquake, as the consequence of which the earthquake-damaged ecosystem restoration or reconstruction, and the hometown rebuilding are the current crucial tasks after the earthquake. Judged by the characteristics of earthquake-damaged ecosystem in combination with the fragile characteristics and the ecological importance of the EDM, therefore, it is suggested that the urgent and key scientific & technical issues include the rapid assessment on the characteristics of earthquake-destroyed ecosystem, the plan on detailed ecological restoration or reconstruction, the key techniques of beneficial "win-win" construction in both ecological restoration and economic development, the conservation of the survival vegetation in the earthquake, the reconstruction on the earthquake-damaged vegetation, the production restoration of earthquake-damaged farmland, comprehensive treatment on unstable slope, the improvement of low-benefit fuelwood forest, and the construction of scenic forest around the human settlement. Moreover, future researches include the monitoring and evaluation on the restoration process of the earthquake-damaged ecosystem, the fragile mechanism and ecological process of the EDM ecosystem, and the responsive and adaptive mechanisms of ecosystems to the changed environment after earthquake, should be strengthened to sustainable development of local society and regional ecology.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Earthquake-damaged ecosystem; Ecological restoration; Ecotone between dry valley and montane forest; Scientific & technical issues; Wenchuan Earthquake
INDEX KEYWORDS: earthquake damage; economic development; ecosystem function; ecotone; human activity; human settlement; montane forest; restoration ecology; Sichuan earthquake 2008; stability analysis; sustainable development; Asia; China; Eurasia; Far East; Min River [Sichuan]; Sichuan
REFERENCES: Sichuan Vegetation, (1980); 
Scientific Investigation Series of Hengduan Mountainous Areas in Tibetan Plateau Arid Valley in Hengduan Mountainous Areas, (1992); 
Soil of Sichuan, (1997); 
Chorography of Mao Wen Qiang Nationality Autonomous County, (1997); 
Journal of Plant Ecology, (2006); 
Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology, (2003); 
Acta Ecologica Sinica, (2003); 
Science of Soil and Water Conservation, (2005); 
Zhu, Fenmeng, A review of ecotone: Concepts, attributes, theories and research advances, Shengtai Xuebao, 27, 7, pp. 3032-3042, (2007); 
Acta Ecologica Sinica, (1989)
PUBLISHER: Science Press
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

Xu, X.-L., Jiang, D., Zhuang, D.-F., Qiu, D.-S.
AUTHOR FULL NAMES: Xu, Xinliang (55602417800); Jiang, Dong (35787361300); Zhuang, Dafang (7006581099); Qiu, Dongsheng (7102135502)
55602417800; 35787361300; 7006581099; 7102135502
Assessment about the impact of Wenchuan Earthquake on ecological environment
(2008) Shengtai Xuebao, 28 (12), pp. 5899 - 5908, Cited 14 times.
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AFFILIATIONS: Natural Resources Research, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
ABSTRACT: The Wenchuan Earthquake on May 12th not only caused huge death, toll, injuries, and economic losses, but also affected local environment seriously. In this paper, using RS images and GIS, RS and integrated analysis technology, we analyzed the impacts of the devastating earthquake on vegetation, agricultural ecosystem, river, Wolong Natural Reserve, and the use of disinfector in 36 counties of the earthquake region. The results show that the lost land area from landslide or mudslides was about 190.86 km2, about 0.19% of total land area. The damaged forest and grassland area was about 164.96 km 2, about 0.22% of total forest and grassland area. The farmland area destroyed by landslide or mudslides was estimated to be about 57.77 km 2, about 0.29% of total farmland area. About 34 rivers were blocked in the earthquake region, which are primarily located in Pingwu, Beichuan, Jiangyou, Qingchuan and Moxian counties. The damaged land area in the Wolong Natural Reserve was about 1.44 km2, about 0.28% of damaged forest area, which poses serious threat to panda's life.
AUTHOR KEYWORDS: Assessment; Earthquake disaster; Ecological environment; Remote sensing
INDEX KEYWORDS: agricultural ecosystem; agricultural land; carnivore; earthquake damage; ecological impact; environmental impact assessment; GIS; grassland; landslide; mammal; nature reserve; remote sensing; satellite imagery; Sichuan earthquake 2008; Asia; China; Eurasia; Far East; Sichuan; Wolong Nature Reserve
REFERENCES: undefined; 
undefined, (2009); 
Northwestern Seismological Journal, (2007); 
undefined, (2009); 
Preliminary Analysis on the Relationship Between Earthquakes and Ecologie Environment, (2000); 
Journal of Cata Trophology, (2001); 
Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control, (2002); 
Recent Developments in World Seismology, (2007); 
Li, Hongnan Nanb, Damage investigation and analysis of engineering structures in the Wenchuan earthquake, Jianzhu Jiegou Xuebao/Journal of Building Structures, 29, 4, pp. 10-19, (2008); 
Recent Developments in World Seismology, (2008)
PUBLISHER: Science Press
DOCUMENT TYPE: Article
PUBLICATION STAGE: Final

